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خطاب الناس للانبياء في القران الكريم : دراسة في دلالة البنية والتركيب == People speech to the prophets in the Qur'an Study in the indication of the structure and composition

Author name: انعام رحیم قاسم المطیرفي
Supervisor name: عبد الرحمن فرهود جساس
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Researchers have come a long way, they are drawing from a certain Koran, was apparently one of them he was about to satisfy the appetite for science, what everyone is still weighing, for Igtrv what could accommodate him its container of knowledge, and that only because the Quranic text open letter on space not limited topics, stretching wide to what is not aware of minds.Anmazat verses speech people to their prophets as she recalled what Aatml in the hearts of the tribes toward the messengers, and highlighted clearly what they were agitated by good or evil, and obedience or obstinacy, contribution in shaping the Quranic their stories, and the magnitude of this stories of warning and preaching, and clearly spelled out what It accompanies this story from the mention of the reward or punishment in the same verse, making it the signs indicating the subjects ideological times, and the provisions of the legitimacy again, especially in the verses that remember the words of stubborn, Kufra, in the positions of the controversy, according curriculum alone by the Koran, what to remember the verse claims do not keep track of them, even the argument amounting to come to God, in demonstration or more, to denounce what I call, and Tnsfh blown up, the recipient An understanding of the true faith, or divine rule in the affairs of the creation.2The research on the four seasons came, first chapter discusses the speech of people of the prophets, came on the four sections, highlighted in the first of which features the letter and included the second section placed the unity of the call and the tongue among the apostles and tribes, came third section about the layers of people in the Qur'an, through their rhetoric for their prophets, while the fourth has studied the letter of the faithful of the Quraysh of the Prophet Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family), and dealt with in chapter II acoustic structure, it was on two topics, the first dealt with acoustic instruments in a speech people to their prophets, and their impact in the context, and Dar es second topic on the phenomenon of refining and audio effects.The third chapter was titled in the morphological structure, it came on two sections, the first names in the circle, and the second acts in a circle. The fourth quarter was below the compositional structure of the title, and split into three sections, the first of which is talking about the news and construction, while the second section talks about Arabic sentence structure, eating a third of some Alandziahih methods, Kaltkadim, delays, deletions, and pay attention.

تاثير المستشرقين في البحث الصرفي والنحو ي عند العرب المحدثين == The impact of Orientalists inmorphological search andgrammar when Arab modernists

Author name: نرجس عبد الرضا حسين السعيدي
Supervisor name: رعد هاشم عبود العبودي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Praise be to Allah, peace be upon the noblest creature of Abu al - Qasim Muhammad and his divine good and after : Emerged as the influence of Orientalism and Orientalists in the Arab world and a clear and concrete in recent times, particularly with the beginning of the twentieth century, especially in the intellectual sphere, and was Orientalists behind most of linguistic modern ideas, they have bulldozed a shift in the path of modern Arabic linguistic thought, what pushed him to the ideas of the new language and exclusively in the fields drainage, as well as the curriculum, some of them seized in Arab researchers who studied under their hands, or look at their tracks, or translate them, Vojb ideas, and influenced by, he took them, adding the delete and kept. Given the importance of this context, the study titled : "Orientalists in morphological search and grammar effect when Arab modernists." Established research foundations on the centrality of the idea that the role of orientalist studies in determining the Modern Arab Studies path in the areas of exchange and as with the curriculum, and to this characterization sought search to track and extrapolate the work of the linguistic application prepared by the Arab pens effects orientalist, has sought search to limit the most important names and works he was able to identify them from the two parties (the influential and affected) are aware of the default can neglecting aspects overlooked, with an ambitious study to reach a result that satisfies the reader.Find and try to answer a number of questions, as a whole : What is the reason for the direction of recent studies about the direction in which we knew about it? The motivation behind it? What causes? Then what benefits earned by the Arab language and then took them the Arabic language as a result of modern orientalist studies? These and other questions raised in the discussion of this research, try to answer them as he could find it from evidence.The importance of the subject of the importance of language, and the impact of modern studies in the light of the receipt of the Arab modern ideas of speed The reason that pushed me because Saussure and Firth and Jomski cited with Orientalists, although theyWestern; perhaps the presence of semi - features between their approach and linguistic thought grammar of the Arab old represented including his Sibawayh and Jerjani, this may clear from the studies presented by researchers including : Abdul omnipotent and Saussure, Ahmed required, and linguistics between Abdul omnipotent and modernists, Rashid Abdul Rahman al - Obeidi, creative dimension in the curriculum of Abdul omnipotent Jerjani, Mohammed Abbas, thinking rhetorical when Arabs, Hammadi steadfastness, and the concept of deep structure between Jomski Arab grammar lesson, for Murtaza Jawad Baqir, and the theory of generation and conversion between potential and performance linguistic,Abdullah dormitory.Because what is important in their door, and the presence of the Arabs adopted by researchers from the modernists adding the added or applied to Arabic. We saw the importance of our work be included in this note that they do not apply to them the term Orientalism.It should be noted that the reason that pushed me because he outlined an entire chapter of the curriculum despite the fact that my address unrestricted research morphological and grammar; is that the researcher morphological or grammar he must approach runs it, and the curriculum is the first step for the researcher, there is no study in the exchange or in the way in the modern era, however, has belonged to the approach of the modern curriculum, and most modern ideas (morphological and syntactic) created the modern approaches to the researchers the opportunity to develop them, and expanded the area in front of them to search The argument in the numerical disproportion between chapters; I left topics expansive mood, they are controlled by the number of pages of each chapter.And it faced the study great difficulties during the collection of subject matter including : the capacity of the subject, and the large number of sources and complexity, and the convergence of ideas and overlap, and the difficulty of access to sources of Orientalists; esulting in a limited study on books translated and available to all, and used the studies that addressed the Orientalist research and study The research plan are based on three main chapters appended to the results of the research and a list of major sources and references, and issued with an introduction and reboot. As for the boot, it was in the term Orientalism and studies that revolved around him, and began to explain the concept of Orientalism, and the evolution of Orientalism, then go to show the motives of Orientalism, and means of Orientalists in spreading their ideas, and then display the previous studies with comparison between them. The first chapter was titled : Impact on the level of the curriculum, and included four sections : Section I : vulnerability historical approach, and the second section : vulnerability and omparative approach, and the third section the vulnerability approach descriptive, and the fourth section : vulnerability statistical approach The second chapter was titled : Effect of Orientalists in morphologicalsearch, and included five topics : The first topic : the evolution of Arab buildings, and the second topic : the origin of derivation and verb tense, and the third section : Alaalal and replacement, heart spatial, and the fourth section : audio clips of the buildings in Arabic and the theory of internal transformation and section V : Instant and feminine and the evolutionof feminization marks.The third chapter was titled : Effect of Orientalists in the search grammar, and included three sections : Section I : at the origin of the phenomenon of expression and its inception, and the second topic : the Arab wholesale, and the third section : the conscience and anned from the exchange, and each separated from those chapters begin featuring now a prologue was a entrance handsome reader to access the content of the chapter.With all the difficulties and Whatever the case, this study has tried to receive what Bdjaptha, the hit - Mawla, it is satisfaction, though, we

البناء التركيبي لشعر البند في القرنين الثاني عشر والثالث عشر الهجريين : دراسة نحوية بلاغية == The Sentence Structure for Al - Band poetry In The Twelfth And Thirteenth Centuries (A.H.) the study of Grammatically And Rhetorically.

Author name: حيدر محمد حسين العتابي
Supervisor name: رياض يونس السواد
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Al - Band is a type of the Arabic poetry. It his appeared because of the poets' ignoring to the ancient poem pattern. Other types of Arabic poetry also appeared, as Al - Dobait, Al - Mowashah, Al - Mokhammas …etc. and it is one of anew poetic purposes. Modern poets have rejected traditional aspects that were used for thousands of years, because they found them restricted by enslaving and tradition as well as creating new liberal art.The Poets used it to express their religious, political and social purposes. This new pattern appeared in Arabic poetry during the eleventh century (A.H. ), In southern of Iraq. then it spread to centre of Iraq and Bahrain. So several poets wrote in such new model as Ibn matouk Al - Mawssawi (1087 A.H.), Mohammed Ibn Al - Khalfa (1247 A.H.) and Mohammed Ibn Mehdi Al - Qazwini (1325 A.H.). On the other hand, words and structures are the same in both Al - Band and the ancient Arabic poetry . Its purposes have included the same old Arabic poetry purposes, like praise, slander, lamentation and the praise of women. But more poetic purposes were mentioned by the poets of this literary art, are the praise and lamentation. As for construction of musical poetry, its usually a mixture of two musical patterns in a poem.

اثر شعر عنترة بن شداد في شعر المتنبي : دراسة تاريخية في الرؤية والتشكيل == The effect of the poetry of Antara bin Shaddad in the poetry of Mutanabi A study of consistency in vision and formation

Author name: سعدون خلف عزر
Supervisor name: عبد الحسن علي مهلهل
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Mutanabb's poetry in vision and composition , the research came out with the following points : 1) Some of the text that influenced by Al - Mutanabbi invested them in more than a position as a foucs illuminated because of their effect on the part , to another one , so as to install them in mind due to the twin of his anticipation and wished on updating them.These updating texts are a try to achieve the goals through which .2) Al - Mutanabbi had deepen his vision in amplifying The Egoism (Al - Ana),whether the poetior the praised's Egoism(Al - Ana) influenced by Antra Ben shaddad's Egoism.This Egoism tra can be transcended the cuttent reality through the legendary as it was not a mirror to reflect the reality and transfer only ,but suggests another reality.As it wasn't easy to great and propose a new reality, he had amplified (Al - Ana) the Egoism for a legendary or semi - legendary hero to fit his goals and means of achieving them .3)Death and acknowledgment of its inevitability come as objectively equivalent to victory and challenge ,as death is one in battle or on the bed . Hence, the poet started defying , drawing the features of the hero who iskilled in a battle and gives all the values of masculinity in it. His speech in this regard is provocative in order to fight in order to fight injustice and his rejection of submission in all its forms , especially since the Abbasid state weakened till its weakness appeared in its division into states .4) Al - Mutanabbi believes that the belonging to the family or to the tribe doesn't get up to the sword and spear , so as to be clearly similar to Antra in this field .Stressing that weapons of fighting is the true descent of man and be has invested Antra's hybrid vision.The essence of man is his actions not his figure. And then he deepened the belonging to the Arabs to face the foreign invasion to be a comprehensive speech in the incitement to fight.5) The similarity of Al - Mutanabbi with Antra appears in the formation poetic where, I studied the text for both of two poets separately without paying attention or reference which relate the two poets according to mix the vocabularies of love and spinning which made the rhythm of everyone not stable , then to form a legendary picture to face a fact that can't be got rid of unless by the picture , in which Al - Mutanabbi had shown such a picture of a fighter's ethical and features. That hero who smils in spite of the death which surrounds him and it is a replica of the influential picture .6) The similarity of Al - Mutanabbi with Antra Ben shaddad in in pithiness filed can be come in two observation, first for supporting his text objectively through protesting to emphasize his vision and second Artistically according to eudden technics to arouse the studier , and thestudier's arousing might be in investing vocabularies and styles of amazing beauty. So Al - Mutanabbi renews the effective text to suit his anticipations in that field.7) The similarity of Antra's with Al - Mutanabbi's text's one more wrathful them general ones. He tended to intensive his text or a poem or a comprehensive vision from Antra's , and summarized it in one or two verses . This comes from his ability of creative from one side and to secret from other side , because he lived a criticized moments which regarded the similarity as a theft at the time. The process of short hand helps him to make the secret.What in indicates to the successful of the poet is that the ancient studies which is countoured with thefts and the modern that is contoured with similarity , didn't see his similarity with Antra Ben shaddad either in one or two verse which took from the postdated to the previous .8) It seems that Al - Mutanabbi has a criticism vision with profile deliberative. He chose the effective text to show for the reader that Al - Mutanabbi is the effective himself and Antra is the influenced. He realized that the content of the text is preexisted in language and meaning .

اثار في التيسير النحوي عند هادي نهر == Manifistations Of Hadi Nahr's grammaticall Facilitation

Author name: افراح ميدان حسين
Supervisor name: سعد كريم خشيف
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Grammatical facilitation has gained a great deal of interest among scholars to make it easy for learners. Many books were written about this topic The present study elaborates the efforts of Hadi Nah in this field.The Theises came in a ccordauce with the plan consist of an introduction conclusion and there cgapters.The first chaupter is tihed (Hady Nahar) self and sciemtific Biography, and the concept of Facilitation and dialogue.It includes two sections I chapher one ltady Naher Brography has been presented and in chapter two the concept of Facilitation and dialogue was showen as well by the ancients and modernists, It causes and objectives and its inter locutors : cancel the expression effect, Depend on colloquial Languaye, and Facilitate the curriculum. Chapter two is devoted to Hadi Nahr's theoretical facilitation. It involves three sections; Section one is devoted to Hadi Nahr's theoretical manifistations of facilitation.Section two is devoted to Hadi Nahr's suggestions for facilitating a number of grammatical issues and balancing between his and other scholars's views. Section three is devoted to the Quranic examples.Chapter three is divided into three sections; Section one is devoted to facilitating the Arabic language for media. Section two is devoted to elaborating the relationship between the grammatical rules and writing. Section three elaborates the effects of practical applications on grammatical facilitation.The methodology of the present study is sometimes a balance between Hadi Nahr's and other scholars' views, critical, and descriptive other times.

صورة الكواكب والنجوم في الشعر الاندلسي عهدي الطوائف والمرابطين == The image of planets and stars in the Andalusian literature Trendy sects and Almoraben

Author name: عبير حسن مكحول العبادي
Supervisor name: حسين مجيد رستم الحصونة
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:

صورة المراة الجنوبية في روايات شوقي كريم حسن == Image of Southern Woman In The novels of Shawki Karim Hassan

Author name: كفاح حسين عبد الله
Supervisor name: مصطفى لطيف عارف الحسيني
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:

بنية القصيدة في شعر قيس لفتة مراد : دراسة تحليلية == The structure of poem in Qais lefta Murads Poetry Analytical study

Author name: رياض ماجد مفتن
Supervisor name: علي حسين جلود الزيدي
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The poetry entered into the lives of most people and dominated their various aspects. Anis became their unity and obsession that they could not tolerate or abandon under any circumstances and throughout the generations in the history of human civilization. Poetry was the world of the soul, the teacher of inspiration and the focus of human groups. Poetry poetry and the poet to be the best messenger to perform his mission. From here the building of the poem was the most prominent window to raise the awareness of the apparent and the inner and to get the emotion by discovering the texts, which in turn reveal the worlds of the poet and stand on the degree of poetical, as it is - the construction of the poem - a cornerstone of the pillars of poetic work, and through this construction closes the curtain to reveal the secrets of beauty with Every attempt to probe the texts of these texts and their content of emotional or symbolic language, the parts through which the text, including the intertwined and continue to achieve the unity of the poem and named them to the top, along with poetic poetic work. The study uses the analytical method, as well as the use of many procedural tools, to detect the poetry of the text or effectiveness, depending on different approaches in order to integrate the image of monetary research. Our study of the poet does not seek to advance procedural laws, that is, to confront the literary text with preconceived notions or to formulate it within the limits of a narrow theory, as we made the text a start or a specific pathway, which is a mechanism for studying with it. The researcher has faced many problems, the most serious of which is the absence of specialized studies on the production of the ***************************************************** C poet. We have only observed some articles that do not exceed two articles on the Internet. The authors of these two articles were not presented in systematic form or rather these studies were not in the process of monetary equivalent, The most important of his poetic texts were in a raging conflict with the neglect, exclusion and absence that the poet faced throughout his life. This letter is the first of its kind in terms of the poetry of Qais Left Murad and his study Ademia, as well as the difficulty of obtaining Diwan (songs Hallaj) only after great suffering and effort upright, the fact that this Court represents an important turning point in the life of the hair measured gesture Murad mystic and philosophical. The basic sources adopted by the research are the writings of the poet Qais Lefta Murad, and the book of aesthetics of contemporary poetry. Taha Wadi, and the levels of poetic construction at the time of Muhammad Ibrahim Abu - Sunnah d. Shukri al - Tawansi, and the construction of the poem in the ancient Arab criticism (in the light of modern criticism) d. As well as the letters and explanations that dealt with the subject of the structure before, as well as rely on many of the sources called by the research to add to the texts of halo of beauty and to be the starting point of the researcher along the research and its various paths, and citing the views of adults academic critics and others to fill the gaps in research , And to move the other messages after these sources of priorities of researchers, Vtnh as factors to support the results of the conclusions of this study and the formulation of the c Introduction : The importance of the subject and the significance behind the study of the poet, the methodology used, and the sources that were helpful for the views expressed by the researcher supported, as well as the problems presented to the research.omprehensive language of the word. The preface includes the translation of the poet Qais Lefta Murad and his life and literary beginnings and highlighting the migration from his city to Baghdad reinforced by the statements of those close ***************************************************** D to him and these words found scattered between the sources of resources that dealt with Nasiriyah from a historical point of view rather than literature on the one hand, on the other hand, (Structure) and we knew in the language and terminology. The first chapter deals with the external construction in the poetry of Qais Lefta Murad divided into three sections. The first topic dealt with the title : The title we took from it is a new structural landmark that joins the series of features that constitute the external construction of each poetry text. And the poet has the obligation to be a solid text subject to the beauty of the texts and the delinquency to the heart of the reader and what is accustomed to ears and eyes, and sensing in a manner appropriate to the size of the hair and its high position, the third topic : it came to include (cut poetry) Every aspect of the hair in the hair Qais gesture Murad. In the second chapter, the internal structure consists of three sections dealing with the first topic (drama structure) as it expresses the universal character of the poet and his integration into the society and addressing his issues and attention to them as an integral part of the universe. Here is the integration between self - awareness and collective awareness. The symbol is a phenomenon that abounds in the poetry of Qais Lefta Murad despite the directness that prevails in most of his texts, but he refers to it and tries to prove to the reader that there are things that he can not reveal and the reader to examine these texts and find out what is behind them. Arusah briefing, as well as the definition of the personalities referred to or directly, including the texts of poetry. The fourth chapter is the rhythmic structure. It consists of two sections dealing with the first subject : the outer rhythm and weight guarantee. We presented the percentage of the weights according to their use by the poet and we adopted the percentages in the statement of the poet's use of these weights starting with the most common ***************************************************** E weight and ending with the least common in his poetry. And the effect of this on the psyche's psyche. We have found the rhyme with the most common rhymes in his poems based on the percentages as well. The second section is devoted to the internal music (Repetition, rotation, response of miracles on the breasts) supported by the poetic evidence that attests to its presence and intensity in the poetry of Qais Left Murad, and carried out by these musical phenomena in the performance of meaning, but there is manipulation in the process of study "Repetition" classical style of the usual (character, or word or sentence), as we studied in accordance with an updated method linked directly to the meaning of the study will show more when reaching it. We can not note that the researcher in some of the citizens of the letter was not parallel between the chapters and the length of the study, because the study does not depend on some things on the length or short, there may be a wide topic for many pages or requires the researcher to lengthen to show his goals, Few pages are sufficient to be in the final form, and then they do not have to be extended and divergent in matters far from the field of study. The researcher also repeated some texts in different places of the letter, to the clarity of the position of the witness more than others. This study coincides with what can be accompanied by each study of shortness, and bear what can be borne by each study of objections, especially in the first way, we follow the previous studies with extreme caution stand in the most important, we make it a lighthouse to guide him in public to finally reach something we think of this Nima from God, and if we sin, we are human beings and infallibility are always disobedient to the human soul, especially in this field, the literature accepts all the possibilities and the text imbued with multiple readings, but I tried and saved my best in it.

الوظائف التداولية في سور الرائيات واثرها في الاتساق النصي == Deliberative functions in Surat novels and their impact on the consistency Script

Author name: نورة عبد جبار الازيرجاوي
Supervisor name: احمد علي حنيحن
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: In the name of Allah, the most Merciful, the most Compassionate Praise is to Allah, lord of the worlds and peace is upon his prophet Mohammad and his sons .The our return to the Koran questioned by the new and re - reading methods of modern mechanisms contribute to deepen our understanding of him and his issues intellectual still suffers from surface to read and contribute to opening new horizons towards the vision of a growing commensurate with the movement of time and such a huge and continuing evolution in the language lesson modern and trendy spirit whole, Also, look at the Koran and forethought which meets the religious needs is to respond to God's command for us to read it and ponder its verses, and meets the need of modern is to find a new understanding of the Islamic spirit that suffer from thematic monotony and the deadlock in the understanding of the heritage, but rarely, and that a new read differently in the light of linguistic lesson modern mechanisms investors in this former efforts with interpreters and linguists.As a result of abstract conception which was limited in the search lingual, both with a leading modern linguistics "Dossosar" which confined the subject Tnzirh language without speech or these enhanced performance statistics, or the owner of the theoretical generating transformational "Chomsky" underIIwhich the subject of his studies on language ability without speaking, as a result of all this has been a trend new leadership "Heems" knows the direction deliberative, tried to rehabilitate what is known in the context in which Mark ever done, "so to speak."We are in this study does not aim to monitor signs of the emergence of this trend as much as we aim to practical attempt basic theory of art known as "deliberative functions," came this study tagged ((Deliberative functions in Surat novels and their impact on the consistency Script)).The research included a prelude and three chapters and a conclusion as well as a list of sources and references.The boot has studied the concept of deliberative, and its roots among the Arabs and the West, the concept of deliberative functions. In the first chapter "deliberative functions communicative" dealt with as divided on the three sections, the first section dealt with "function relationship Aidip," In the second studied "function Mqsidih discourse", and the third section devoted to the study of "the apostle Alastelzam."The second chapter was titled "function persuasion strategy" has been divided on the two themes dealt with in the first part, "pilgrims" which dealt with the concept of the pilgrims, and links orbital, and the factors orbital, stairs orbital, and the second addressed the "verbal acts" in the Wall AlraiaatIIIof news and a question mark, and the order, appeal, and forbade, view and Thouded, and exit these purposes to other meanings.The third chapter, entitled "contextual function," which included two sections studied in the first detective "linguistic context", the second "non - linguistic context." And appended research conclusion included the most prominent findings of the researcher, and finally a list of sources and references.It was the nature of the subject studied that we impose the analytical method of statistical descriptive based on inductive conclusions, with the assistance of a host of sources and references, the most important "deliberative when Arab scientists to Massoud desert, and new prospects in the contemporary linguistic research to Mahmoud Ahmed Bee, the trend deliberative and career in the lesson language Nadia Ramadan al - Najjar, and deliberative functions in the Arabic language to Ahmad Mutawakkil, and deliberative functions and strategies of linguistic communication as a career to Joseph Ngzawa theory. "Journey of my research has been trimming a host of difficulties intercepted my way, most notably those related article and difficult, because it is not going the easy and available to all, and after : This is a modest effort, the successful Success does not discuss, though other ask God to repay my fault, and Iovgueni all that is good.

المنجز الروائي في ذي قار من1970حتى 2014م : دراسة سوسيولوجية == Narrative in the Sociology of Accomplished Novelist in Dhi Qar Province From 1970 to 2014 A Study Done by The Studen

Author name: محمد علي حاجم
Supervisor name: علي حسين جلود الزيدي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: فقد حظيت الرواية باهمية بالغة في الدراسات الحديثة، كونها جسدت معاني عدة لاستيعاب الادب للمفاهيم الانسانية. فالرواية قد اضحت مراة للحياة، فهي من اكثر الفنون الادبية التحاما بالواقع؛ لقدرتها الفائقة وقابليتها على ابراز مناحي الحياة المتشعبة، بخلقها عالما متخيلا لا يقطع صلته مع المرجع القار في الواقع. فالرواية في بحثها عن الفني المتميز، والجمالي المفارق لا تقطع صلتها مع ما يكون محكياتها واحداثها. فتضع الانسان بتجاربه ومشاكله وتطلعاته ضمن ثوابتها، وما ترمي الوصول الى فهمه واستيضاحه، واعطاء اجوبة عما يعرضه الواقع من اسئلة تتعلق بماهيته ووجوده، وتاريخه الممتد عبر مراحل طويلة. وبذلك اصبحت الرواية بحثا عن متعة الهم، ومعالجة الضمير، والاستغناء عن الذاتية، والتخلص من عبء الذاكرة، وغربلة التاريخ، وابرازا للتوجهات الانسانية، ورؤية العالم من منظور الروائي الرائي، والفنان الاصيل الذي له القدرة على هضم قضايا المجتمع، وعرضها برؤية مغايرة في حقله الجمالي الخلاق. للادب عموما و(القصصي) بالتحديد. اهمية بالغة في زيادة الوعي، وتعميق الفكر، كونه يتمتع بقابلية التلقي التي تجعله متاحا للعامة والنخبة من شرائح المجتمع. بمحاكاته لتاريخ الجماعة، وابرازه لتطلعات افرادها بالبحث في العلاقات والتغيرات (السوسيو_ تاريخية) المشكلة للواقع، وهذا من شانه ان يساهم في تعميق الدور الفاعل للمجتمع في بناء هيكلية مفاهيم عامة لا يمكن تجاوزها والتخلي عنها. والمجتمع الذي تحاول الرواية محاكاته واظهار صفاته، يرتبط بعلاقة وثيقة مع الرواية نفسها عن طريق مبدا (التاثر والتاثير)، فالمجتمع يضفي على الرواية طابعها المميز لها في نطاق واقع محدد وبيئة مركزية، وهذا المجتمع يتمتع ببنية خاصة وتاريخ عميق من العلاقات والتفاعلات الاجتماعية التي كشفت عنها المراحل التاريخية، التي مر بها. ومن هنا فقد ظهرت الرواية في محافظة (ذي قار)، لتروي قصص المجتمع، وتعبر عن الحياة الاجتماعية والثقافية التي جسدها الواقع في هذه البقعة من العراق، ولتكون اطارا معرفيا لا يخرج عن النسق (العراقي) العام وما يحمل من هموم وتطلعات اجتماعية قد تبدو متقاربة الى حد بعيد بين اغلب مدنه وقصباته. فسارت الرواية في (ذي قار) في نطاق (الواقعية) الذي غلب على المتون الروائية العراقية. ومن هذا المنطلق جاءت دراستنا الموسومة بـ(سوسيولوجيا المحكي في المنجز الروائي في محافظة ذي قار من 1970 الى 2014م)، لتساير تطورات الواقع الذي خبره الروائيون، فانطلقوا يحاكونه في مدوناتهم السردية. فقد انشغل المتن الروائي في (ذي قار) بمحاولة استعراض الواقع ومعالجته برؤية فنية جمالية، تبرئ الرواية من ان تكون نصا تقريريا مهلهلا ومتشعبا، او وثيقة تاريخية وان كانت تستغل لحظات التاريخ لتوظيفها في متنها، او تقريرا علميا عن حالة المجتمع وان كانت تعرض له. فقد قارب الروائيون تاريخ المحافظة وبالخصوص مركزها (الناصرية) في روايتهم عن طريق وقوفهم عند اهم اللحظات التاريخية منذ نشاة المدينة، باحثين في خضم ذلك عن المميزات والخصائص للشرائح الاجتماعية. وما يتعلق بالمواقف من السياسة والايديولوجيات، والتغييرات الهائلة على بنيات الواقع كافة. ولا باس من ذكر عدة اسباب عرضت نفسها عوامل محفزة للاقدام على دراسة من هذا النوع. اولها : يتعلق بالمقاربة (السوسيولوجية) للنصوص الروائية من حيث جدتها في هذا المضمار، فضلا عن رغبة الباحث بالكشف عن العالم الروائي ومنه الوصول الى فهم معين للواقع الاجتماعي، اذ ان عرض الاطوار التي مر بها المجتمع كفيل بتكوين صورة شبه تامة عن تاريخ المحافظة، ومن جانب اخر فهذا الامر يمثل بعثا للاصوات الروائية التي شكلت البداية الاولى للفن الروائي في المحافظة، بما يمثل دعوة لقراءتها من جديد. وقد اعتمد البحث في مقاربته للنصوص الروائية على المنهج (السوسيولوجي)، عبر قراءة تنطلق من النص الى الواقع، كاشفة بذلك حضور المرجعي المتمثل بقضايا المجتمع المتداخل مع التاريخ والايديولوجيا في العالم المتخيل للرواية عبر قراءة (سوسيو نصية) عن طريق وضع النص في حقله الاجتماعي والثقافي والفكري المميز له. مستفيدا بذلك من مرجعيات نقدية اكدت تعالق النص بمحيطه الخارجي، بدءا من محاولات النقد (الماركسي) للادب، ومرورا باطروحات (جورج لوكاتش) و(لوسيان غولدمان) وغيرهم من النقاد الذين اكدوا حضور القضايا الاجتماعية في النصوص الادبية، ووجوب الالتفات الى ما يوحيه النص من ظواهر موضوعية وعدم التقيد بالمقاربات الفنية فحسب. ولعل الباحث لا ينسى ان يذكر انه لم يقع في اثناء بحثه على دراسة متخصصة في الرواية اتخذت من المنهج (السوسيولوجي) موضوعا في محافظة ذي قار (خاصة) وفي العراق (عامة) سوى دراستين، اولاهما في جامعة عين شمس للباحث ادهم حمادي النعيمي حول (قضايا المجتمع في الرواية العراقية المعاصرة) في عام 1981م، وكانت تلك الدراسة تختلف عن دراستنا، عينة وزمانا، فهي عن العراق عموما وفي مساحة زمنية سابقة عن مساحة بحثنا. وثانيهما : دراسة (تشكلات بناء المدينة في الرواية العراقية "1980ــــ 2003م") للباحث احمد حيال جهاد، وقد تناولت تلك الدراسة في فصلها الاخير قضايا المجتمع في المدينة العراقية بصورة عامة، وقد افدنا من هذا الفصل في بحثنا، ولم نعثر ، فيما عثرنا عليه من مصادر، على الدراسة الاولى. انتظم البحث على هيكلية ضمت ثلاثة فصول يسبقها تمهيد وتليها خاتمة. حاولت الوصول الى اهم الظواهر والقضايا الاجتماعية، التي عالجتها النصوص الروائية. فقد قسم التمهيد على اربعة محاور. فكان المحور الاول تعريفا بـ(السوسيولوجيا). اما المحور الثاني حاولنا الوقوف عند مبحث (سوسيولوجيا الادب) العام ومنه نفذنا الى الكشف عن العلاقة بين الرواية والواقع الاجتماعي. اما المحور الثالث فكان يدور حول مفهوم (المحكي) لغة واصطلاحا. وفي المحور الرابع فكان تعريفا بالرواية في محافظة ذي قار ومقاربتها مع الواقع الاجتماعي. اما الفصل الاول، والمعنون بـ(الواقع الاجتماعي وتمظهراته في المحكي)، فقد تضمن مدخلا ومبحثين. فالمبحث الاول، كان بعنوان (المحكي والعلاقات السوسيوـــ ثقافية)، وقد انقسم هذا المبحث بدوره الى محورين مركزيين ايضا، هما (مجتمع المدينة)، و(مجتمع الريف)، حاولنا بوساطتهما ابراز اهم التقاطعات التي تميز هذه التجمعات المتخيلة في الرواية. اما المبحث الثاني، فكان بعنوان (المحكي والعلاقات السوسيو ـــ سياسية)، حاولنا عن طريقه كشف العلاقة المعقدة التي تجمع السلطة بمحيطها الاجتماعي، وكيف عرضت الروايات في محكياتها للتفاعلات الحاصلة نتيجة علاقة المجتمع مع السياسات المتعاقبة. اما الفصل الثاني، والموسوم بـ(عوامل التحول الاجتماعي في النص الروائي)، فقد ضم مدخلا وثلاثة مباحث، تحدثنا فيه عن محفزات التحول الاجتماعي، والمؤثرات التي ساهمت بانتقال السمات الاجتماعية الى طور مغاير، ومعالجة هذا التحول الذي اصطبغ بجانب سلبي سوداوي بالغالب، نتيجة العوامل او المؤثرات السلبية بطبيعة الحال، فجاء المبحث الاول، حول (الحرب). اما المبحث الثاني. تكلمنا فيه على (الحصار)، فيما كان المبحث الثالث. تحت عنوان (الصراع وابعاده السلبية)، وهذا المبحث بمثابة خاتمة لمقدمات عديدة، اهمها ماساة الحرب المتواصلة، ومعضلة الحصار التي فجرت صراعات مختلفة، وباشكال شتى. انقسم هذا المبحث الى محورين، محور (الصراع الفكري)، ومحور (الصراع الطائفي). وفيما يخص الفصل الثالث. المعنون (تمثلات الشخصية الروائية على وفق المستوى السوسيولوجي)، فقد ضم مدخلا وثلاثة مباحث. في المدخل تحدثنا عن علاقة الشخصية بطابعها الاجتماعي، وناقشنا ارتباط الشخصية الروائية بواقعها المرجعي. اما المبحث الاول. فجاء بعنوان (شخصية المثقف وتحديات الوعي الاجتماعي). ناقشنا فيه شخصية المثقف واهم الصعوبات التي تواجه هذه الشخصية عن طريق ما عرضته الروايات التي تحدثت عن هذا النموذج الاجتماعي، وانقسم المبحث بدوره نتيجة علاقته بالاخر الى محورين، الاول. (المثقف المنتمي)، والثاني (المثقف غير المنتمي). وفيما يخص المبحث الثاني، فجاء بعنوان (شخصية الريفي وتحديات العرف السائد). اما المبحث الثالث. فكان بعنوان (شخصية المراة وانساق الفحولة الحاكمة). ثم ختمت الدراسة باهم ما توصلت اليه من نتائج. وفي الختام لا يسعني الا ان اتقدم بخالص الشكر والامتنان الى استاذي المشرف "ا.م.د.علي حسين جلود" الذي كان له الفضل في الاشراف على البحث، والمساهمة في انضاجه، واخراجه بالصورة التي تليق به، ومن مقتضى قبولي خوض مغامرة البحث، وما يتطلبه من تواضع في سبيل اكمال مسيرتي العلمية، فاني لا ادعي الكمال فيما توصلت اليه، فان اصبت فلله الفضل من قبل ومن بعد، وان اخطات فالخطرافيق الانسان في العمل، والله ولي التوفيق | The novel took a great deal of criticism practice in the present time, having become a mirror of life. The novelist art is the most literary arts fusion of reality; due to its superior ability and its ability to highlight the cross - cutting aspects of life, by creating an imagined world in which does not cut its relation with the chilly unrealistic reference in the social structure. The novel in the midst of its search for new meanings of life, it puts human experiments and problems and aspirations within the constants of its research, and aims to reach his understanding and finding out, engaging much with the structures that contain the human and forms his rallies, studying through in showing it to reality differently, in an attempt to monitor the most important social interactions and to give answers to posed questions regarding the reality of essence and existence, and its history stretching over many stages. The community that the novel tries to emulate and show and reverse its qualities, is linked to a close relationship with the novel itself by the principle (vulnerability and impact), society gives the novel its distinctive character within the reality of a specific centralized environment, on the other hand we can only count the novelist as a member of this society, not as a creature coming from another planet, this individual (Artist) has the ability to translate the reality and read his community, due to his significant presence and high ability to explore the insider, and including his quoted novelist , narration is a window of reality stems from it and comes back to it in another form different from fashionable and prevailing. Through this relationship , which frames the novel in reality, came our study tagged by (Sociology spoken in the accomplished novelist in (Dhi Qar) province from 1970 to 2014), to reveal the most important characteristic of the community and highlight the characteristics of this fact, which is transferred to the embedded novels that treated it, which it made a central theme revolves around it, and all this by reading starting from the text to reality, revealing reference presence of the issues of history and society and ideology within the imaginary novelist by reading (Socio Text) by putting the text in its social, cultural and intellectual field featured it. . And the study tried, too, to stand on the extent to which these fictional texts of what was going on in reality, and the potential represented by it through many phases witnessed by Iraqi society in general, and society of (Dhi Qar) especially, after the province of (Dhi Qar); a central point from which to access to read the Iraqi society in general; because of its characteristic made it closer to the (Iraqi) framework in general. The study has drawn up by three chapters preceded by a preface and followed by the finale, formed the structural and tried to gain access to the most important phenomena and social issues that dealt with fictional texts. In the preface, which enrolled on the four axes, we have tried to give a conceptual clarification; the first axis was defined by (Sociology). The second was the axis revolves around the concept of (Spoken) language convention. In the third axis through which we tried to stand up when the concept (Sociology of Literature) in general and we carried it to reveal the relationship between fiction and social reality. The fourth and last was the definition of the novel in the province of (Dhi Qar) and its approach with the social reality. The first chapter, entitled by (Actually constructs and shaped it in the novel), has included an introduction and two sections. The first was included and entitled by (Social structure and divisions in the narrative texts), this section is divided in turn into two aspects are central also; (City Community) and (Rural Community), we have tried through highlighting the most important intersections that characterize all gathered from the other. The second section, was entitled (Power and Society : Political Oppression Structure), we have tried to uncover the complex relationship between the reactions of the political structure of the reality of the level, and what was going on in society, and society's perception of power, and handle power with its surroundings and the organized under the influence. The second chapter, that is marked by (Social Transformation in Narrative Text Factors), has included an introduction and three sections, in which we have talked about catalysts of social transformation, and the influences that have contributed to the transmission of social features to a different phase, and to address this transformation which turned next to a mostly negative melancholic as a result of those factors or negative effects, of course, the first section, about the (War and the Introductory Destructive Act), and the second topic, talked about (The Siege and Starvation Policy), while the third section, under the title of (The Conflict and Negative Dimensions), this section as a finale for many introductions, most notably the continuing tragedy of war, and the dilemma of the blockade that sparked numerous conflicts, and in different forms. This section is divided into two axes, the axis (Intellectual Struggle), and the axis (The Sectarian Strife). Regarding to the third section, entitled by (Personal Representations Novelist According to Sociological Level), has included an introduction and three chapters. At the entrance, we talked about the personal relationship of social character, and gave clues about the personal link reference betterment, and how features are closer to the real person. The first topic; came the title (The Intellectual Challenges of Intellectual Awareness) We discussed the character of the intellectual and the most important difficulties faced by these personal through what the expounded stories talked about; this social pattern , the section was divided in turn due to the result of its relationship to the other two axes; the first (Cultured Belong) , the second (Non - Cultured Belong) Regarding to the second section, entitled by (Rural and Challenges of the Norms).The third section was entitled by (Women and Formats of Ruling Virility). Then the study concluded with the most important findings. In conclusion, I can only extend my sincere thanks and gratitude to all who contributed to the maturing of this research, and directed a manner that befits it, and my acceptance of going through the research adventure, and what it requires of humility in order to complete a scientific career, I do not claim perfection in where I reached; because perfection is the end of life

ملامح تحليل الخطاب في كتاب مختار تذكرة ابي علي الفارسي وتهذيبها لابن جني == Features discourse analysis in a selected book a ticket Abu Ali and refine the Persian Ibn Geni

Author name: ابراهيم جبار زاهي الحسناوي
Supervisor name: سهى كناوي حسن
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: فتحليل الخطاب من المجالات التي بدات ترسخ وجودها في الساحة اللسانية حتى عده احد اقطاب اللسانيين رومان جاكبسون المجال الذي يتصدر اللسانيات اليوم( ) فهو المولود الشرعي للسانيات التطبيقية ؛ لاستثماره معطيات منهجية مختلفة وفرتها اللغة في دراسة النصوص والخطابات وتحليلها ضمن مستويات متعددة( ) ، ولا يختلف اثنان حول قيمة الدرس اللغوي في التراث العربي وما يزخر به من الممارسات التحليلية التطبيقية التي قام بها اعلام العربية القدامى انطلاقا من الشواهد الاستعمالية الحية المتمثلة بالقران الكريم ، والشعر العربي والامثال ، والذي يتقاطع في كثير من ممارساته مع اشارات علماء تحليل الخطاب المحدثين ، لذا جاءت هذه الدراسة باقتراح من الاستاذ المشرف لبيان ( ملامح تحليل الخطاب ) عند علمين من علماء القرن الرابع الهجري هما ابو علي الفارسي ( ت 377ه ) وصنيعته وناشر علمه تلميذه ابن جني ( ت 392ه ) في كتاب اختار منه ابن جني نصوصا هذبها وتناولها بالبحث والتحليل والموسوم بـ( مختار تذكرة ابي علي الفارسي وتهذيبها لابن جني )، واذا كان الاختيار هو عمل للذات المتخيرة المتفاعلة مع النصوص( ) فان موجبات هذا التفاعل هي المثيرة للدراسة ، فعقلية ابن جني المنفتحة السابحة في بحر اللغة تختار وتهذب مقولات لغوية ونحوية وردت في تذكرة شيخه التي قيل انها تقع في عشرين مجلدا( ) يؤكد اهمية هذه المختارات. تسعى الدراسة الى ابراز ملامح تحليل الخطاب في مدونة البحث ، فاللمحة يقصد بها ان المصنف لم يطرح رؤية متكاملة ، وانما ملامح جزئية من تحليل الخطاب فضلا اراء تتسم بالجدة ، ولا سيما في الممارسة التحليلية للخطاب القراني . وتكمن اهمية الكتاب بعدم اقتصاره على جهود ابي علي الذي تميز بيقظته في الاستنتاج ومعرفة الاخبار في اتقان العلوم الفلسفية فضلا عن تمكنه من حفظ القران الكريم ومقدرته الفائقة على استحضار الايات وحسن الافادة منها في المواطن التي يزجيها اليها مع دقة التتبع والاستقصاء( ) اذ احتوى على الاراء القيمة لتلميذه ابن جني فضلا عن اشارات كثيرة منقولة عن اعلام النحو السابقين له كسيبويه والفراء والاخفش والمازني والمبرد وابن السراج والزجاج مع اراء تفسيرية ونقدية وفقهية ، وابعاد اجتماعية ومعرفية ، وما يجب الوقوف عنده فيما يخص ايراد ابي علي لاقوال من سبقه امانته العلمية المتجلية في وقفاته فيما يرويه حتى تستطيع ان تميز اقواله من اقوال غيره بيد ان شخصيته ورايه كانا حاضرين في المناقشة والاعتراض والترجيح والاستشهاد والتاكيد المصحوب بذكر اراء غيره منسوبا اليه( ) . ومن الدراسات السابقة للمدونة رسالة ماجستير للباحثة اسراء قحطان خلف بعنوان ( المباحث النحوية في كتاب مختار تذكرة ابي علي الفارسي وتهذيبها لابي الفتح عثمان بن جني ) تناولت فيها الباحثة المسائل النحوية وفق منهجية تقليدية عرضت في الفصل الاول منهجية ابن جني وموارده في الكتاب ، وفي الفصل الثاني تناولت اصول النحو ، اما بقية فصول الدراسة فتناولت الاسماء والافعال والحروف . سلكت هذه الدراسة منهجية وصفية تحليلية لتسلط الضوء على قيمة تحليل الخطاب في مدونة البحث ، والوقوف على اهم ملامح الرؤية التحليلية المنبثقة من طبيعة الممارسات التطبيقية عند ابي علي وتلميذه ابن جني ، فكانت هذه الدراسة مقسمة على ثلاثة فصول يسبقها تمهيد وتتلوها خاتمة ، درست في التمهيد الجوانب النظرية للخطاب في الفكر المعرفي بين التراث والمعاصرة ، وفي الفصل الاول درست تحليل الخطاب والاستعمال ، محاولا تسليط الضوء على الخطاب النحوي والقصدية مع الاشارة الى طبيعة المصطلحات النابعة من الاستعمال فضلا عن تحليلات اجتماعية والوقوف على اهم اساليب الخطاب كاسلوب الاستفهام واسلوب الشرط ، وفي الفصل الثاني درست الرؤية التحليلية لروابط الخطاب بدءا بالروابط النحوية والمعجمية ، وادوات الوصل ، والحذف والتقدير، وجاء الفصل الثالث ليتناول اليات التحليل كالاستدلال والتاويل مع الاشارة الى ابعاد كل منهما ، والربط الدلالي على مستوى العلاقات الدلالية بين جمل الخطاب ، اما الخاتمة فتضمنت اهم نتائج الدراسة . وقد واجهتني الكثير من الصعوبات تمثلت بصعوبة تفكيك النصوص والتداخل المصطلحي ، وقلة المصادر حول موضوع الدراسة فلم يسبق دراسة مؤلف نحوي قديم يعتمد تحليل الخطاب على مستوى التطبيق ، وانما درست مفاهيم وقضايا لسانية كتحليل الخطاب ولسانيات النص والتداولية على مستوى المصطلح ، او المفهوم عند علماء التفسير، والبلاغة ، وعلوم القران ، وان وجدت هكذا دراسة لمؤلف نحوي فهي تستند الى معايير دي بوغراند النصية( )، وتحاول الموازنة بين التراث والمعطى المعرفي الغربي ، دون بيان مواطن الاختلاف وطريقة التناول ، وتكمن صعوبة الدراسة في الربط بين منهج قائم له اسسه المعرفية وطرقه الاجرائية وغاياته ضمن النظرية النحوية العربية ، وبين منهج وافد يقع في نقطة تقاطع كثير من العلوم الانسانية يحاول تلمس ابعاده النظرية ، فضلا عن اختلاف التناول المنهجي وطريقة التعاطي مع النصوص فالهوة شاسعة بين من يمارس تحليل خطاب معجز بفصاحته يحاول سبر غوره وفهم دلالاته ، وبين من يحاول التعامل مع نصوص وخطابات لا تراعي جوانب بيانية ، او قل ليس هدفه الاساس ، وانما غايته كيفية التعامل مع الخطابات المنتجة ، لغرض صوغ اطرادات عامة عنها ، فضلا عن عدم استيفائه لمكونات الخطاب وعناصره ومقاصده وعدم صلاحه للتطبيق على كل اللغات والخطابات( ) ، الا ان ذلك لا يعني عدم وجود نقاط التقاء في الممارسات التحليلية على المستويين التنظيري والتطبيقي ، وبذلك تحصل الموائمة على حد رؤية زكي نجيب محمود بين الفكر الوافد الذي بغيره يفلت منا عصرنا او نفلت منه ، وبين تراثنا الذي بغيره تفلت منا عروبتنا او نفلت منها( ) وشفع لي في الدراسة العقلية المنفتحة عند الشيخ ابي علي والتلميذ ابن جني ، فلم تقتصر اراؤهما على جوانب نحوية في التحليل ، وانما تنوعت لتشمل التفسير ، والفقه ، والقراءات ، والاجتماع ، والنقد في بعض الاحيان ، وما اعانني على اكمال الدراسة سعة اطلاع الاستاذ المشرف الاستاذ المساعد الدكتورة سهى كناوي حسن ، ورعايتها وتوجيهها وجدها في قراءة وتدقيق الدراسة ، ومناقشتي في كثير من مفاصلها ، ورفدها الدراسة بالكثير من المصادر القيمة ، فلولاها لما وصلت الى الساحل بعد تقاذف الامواج ، فلها مني اسمى ايات العرفان والتقدير سائلا المولى ان يمن عليها بموفور الصحة والعافية ، ولا يفوتني ان اشكر اساتذتي في قسم اللغة العربية ، واتقدم بالشكر الجزيل للدكتور حيدر مصطفى هجر من قسم علوم القران فقد اعانني كثيرا ووجهني وجهة العارف المتمكن في البحث عن مفاتيح الدراسة ؛ وعرفانا مني وتقديرا لاخي وزميلي الاستاذ مناف ﭽاسب الخزاعي فقد كان لتشجيعه بصمة مؤثرة في الدراسة ، ولا يفوتني ان اشكر القائمين على مكتبة كلية الاداب ، والمكتبة العامة في ناحية كرمة بني سعيد لما بذلوه من جهد ومساعدة ، وختاما اسال الباري جلت قدرته ان يتقبل عملي هذا ، فان وفقت فهو الغاية والمبتغى ، وان اخطات فمنه السداد والتوفيق | The analysis of the speech of the areas that began to consolidate its presence in the arena of linguistic even several linguists one of the poles of a Roman Aakpson field of linguistics, who lead today It is born legitimate Applied Linguistics; to invest different methodology provided by the language in the study of texts and speeches and analysis across multiple levels of data Two lesson about the value of language is no different in the Arab heritage of Applied analytical and practices carried out by Arab veterans Flags evidence of Based on evidence of use - live asymmetric Holy Quran and Arabic poetry and proverbs Based on evidence of use - live asymmetric Holy Quran and Arabic poetry and proverbs Abu Ali is the Persian (d. 377 AH) in the book of choice Sniath and publisher of knowing his student Ibn reap (v 392 e) models and texts And marked "Mukhtar ticket Abu Ali and refine the Persian Line - taking If the choice is to work with Almtejerh interacting with texts The obligations of this interaction is exciting to study Mentality son reap open swimming in a sea choose the language and refines the categories of linguistic and grammatical received a ticket in his teacher What underlines the importance of this collection The study is trying to highlight the value of discourse analysis when Abu Ali and his student Ibn Geni And the value of their signals in the field of application Particularly emanating from the use analysis The importance of the book It is not limited to Abu Ali's efforts, which distinguishes his style deductive according to selected applications But it included the views of the value of pupils taking son In addition to the many references movable flags as his ex Ksebojh and Alokhvc fur and Mezni radiator and the son of OS and glass as well as his views explanatory and cash And previous studies of the Code Master researcher Esra Qahtan behind titled "grammatical detective in a selected book a ticket Abu Ali and refine the Persian Ibn reap" the grammatical issues dealt with in accordance with the traditional methodology This study has taken a systematic and descriptive analysis to highlight the value of discourse analysis in a blog search, and stand on the most important features of analytical vision emanating from the nature of the applied practices when Abu Ali and his student Ibn - taking, this study came under a plan included four chapters and a conclusion In the first chapter dealt with the theoretical aspects of cognitive discourse in thought between heritage and modernity and the relationship between text and discourse, and in the second chapter dealt with the speech grammar and usage and its impact in the analysis methods as a way of question and style Condition In the third chapter of analytical vision of the links offered on the level of discourse pronouns, name connected, and links lexical tools and kindness, deletions and appreciation, it came fourth chapter deals with the semantic link at the level of moral discourse relations between sentences, and mechanisms of interpretation The conclusion included in the most important results of the study Have I faced a lot of difficulties represented a lack of resources on the topic of study has never study author toward me from the speech analysis at the application level But studied the concepts and issues linguistics discourse analysis and linguistics text and deliberative on the level of the term, or concept when scientists interpretation, and rhetoric, and Quranic sciences Thus, although I found the author of a study of grammatical standards are to de Pogrund scripts, and trying to balance between heritage and given cognitive - west, without a statement citizen difference and the method of approach is based on The difficulty of the study in linking existing curriculum has founded knowledge and methods of procedural and objectives, and between the curriculum and the newcomer is located at the intersection of many of the Humanities points, as well as the different approach and systematic way of dealing with texts gulf vast between those who practiced the analysis of speech miraculous eloquence trying to get to the bottom of and understand its implications And those who are trying to deal with texts and letters do not take into account the graphic aspects, or say no basis for his goal, but rather than how to deal with speeches produced, for the purpose of formulating public Atradat them, as well as not meeting the components of the speech and its components and purposes, and not to his goodness is applicable to all languages and speeches But that does not mean the absence of points of convergence in analytical practices at both theoretical and practical, and diplopia me in the mental study open when Sheikh Abu Ali and son the pupil - taking Not only their views on the grammatical aspects of analysis, but were divided between grammar, reading and interpretation and criticism sometimes After the length of the dialogue and the accompanying blog search revealed a vision of a systematic take - based analysis and contextual knowledge, logical and semantic - based data base, can be taken with other previous codes and 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المقطع الصوتي واثره فـي المـعـنـى : القراءات القرانية انموذجا == THE INFLUENCE OF SYLLABLE ON MEANING; QURANIC RECITATIONS AS A SAMPLE

Author name: اماني نايف هادي
Supervisor name: لهيب جاسم الموسوي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: فقد شاءت ارادة الله تعالى ان تختلف الالسن في نطقها ومدلولاتها ، وباختلافها اختلفت اللغات في مقاطعها الصوتية، وذلك في البنية والتركيب. فللغة العربية نظامها في بناء مقاطعها الصوتية وتراكيبها اللغوية التي تميزها عن غيرها من اللغات ، ولهذا جاءت هذه الدراسة لبيان ما لاختلاف المقطع الصوتي العربي من اثر في تعدد المعاني ، وذلك من خلال القراءات القرانية . وكانت رغبتي في الكتابة في مادة علم الاصوات الذي يعد المكون الاساسي في الدراسات اللغوية هي ما دفعني لاختيار هذا الموضوع ، الذي كان مقترحا من استاذي المشرف الاستاذ المساعد الدكتور لهيب الموسوي . وان سبب اختياري لمادة القراءات انموذجا للبحث هو تعذر الحصول على مادة كافية موافقة لخطة البحث من مصدر اخر. وتكمن الصعوبة التي واجهتني في سعة المادة العلمية للقراءات القرانية ، وصعوبة ترتيبها في خطة تبرز كل مايريد البحث اظهاره ، فضلا عن شمولية البحث لجميع الجوانب اللغوية المعجمية والصرفية والنحوية ، الى جانب علم الاصوات. اما الدراسات السابقة ، فاغلبها قد تناولت المقطع الصوتي وخصائصه بشكل عام ، ومنها المقطع في البنية العربية للطالبة رمال خلف احمد ـــ جامعة تكريت ، وقد ركزت الباحثة في دراستها بعد بيان ماهية المقطع وما يتعلق به على اثره في الاعلال( نقلا وقلبا وحذفا) . وسرت في اعداد هذه الدراسة وفقا للمنهج الوصفي القائم على استقراء المادة العلمية، فتتبعت اختلاف المقطع الصوتي في البنية القراءات القرانية وبينت سببه واثره وماحمله من معنى جديد. وكانت كتب التفاسير والقراءات وعلم النحو اهم المراجع التي استعنت بها ، ومن اهمها تفسيرا الكشاف للزمخشري والدر المصون للسمين الحلبي ، وكتاب الحجة للقراء السبعة لابي على الفارسي والمحتسب لابن جني ، فضلا عن المصادر واهمها كتب علم الاصوات ، ومنها كتاب ابحاث في اصوات العربية للدكتور حسام النعيمي، وكتاب المقطع في العربية للدكتور صباح عطيوي.وقد اقتضت خطة البحث ان تكون في ثلاثة فصول، تسبقها مقدمة وتمهيد وتلحقها خاتمة. اما التمهيد فكان دراسة شاملة لكل ما يتعلق بالمقطع الصوتي في العربية، من تعريفه في اللغة واصطلاح، وبيان فكرته عند القدماء ن وراي المحدثين فيه، وصعوبة وضع حد جامع مانع له، ثم بينت انواعه ومكوناته وخصائصه واهميته . ورصد الفصل الاول ما للتشديد والتخفيف والادغام من اثر في البنية المقطعية ودور هذه الظواهر الصوتية في تعدد وجوه المقطع والتي ينتج بفضلها معاني جديدة. وبينت في الفصل الثاني اثر استبدال الاصوات في مقاطع القراءات القرانية ، اي اثره في (قمة وقاعدته) ، ومايتولد بهذا الاستبدال من معنى جديد مغاير للمعنى الاول ، وجاء هذ الفصل في مبحثين : المبحث الاول عقد لبيان الاستبدال في قاعدة المقطع الصوتي ،والمبحث الثاني بين اثر الاستبدال في قمة المقطع الصوتي ومدى اثر ذلك في المعنى . اما الفصل الثالث ، فقد رصد اثر الحذف الصوتي في تغيير المقاطع الصوتية البنية ، وقد قسم على مبحثين المبحث الاول درس تاثير اسقاط مقطع كامل من البنية في اختزال عدد المقاطع وكيف اثر ذلك في تغيير المعنى ، والمبحث الثاني بين تاثير حذف جزء من المقطع في تغيير نوع المقاطع ، وظهور معنى جديد، وجاء هذا المقطع في ثلاثة مطالب : حذف قاعدة المقطع الصوتي ، وتقصير قمة المقطع الصوتي، وحذف قمة المقطع الصوتي .ومن خلال ذلك درست تاثير هذه الظواهر الصوتية على المقطع اولا وانعكاس ذلك على المعنى ثانيا . واخيرا لا اقول ان هذه الدراسة خالية من الهفوات ، ولكن حسبي اني سعيت ولم ادخر جهدا ، والحمد لله رب العالمين . | Syllable is a basic component of phonology, which constitutes a considerable part of linguistic studies. Syllable is a group of sounds that starts with a voiceless sound followed by a voiced sound which may be followed by one or two voiceless sounds. Voiced sounds are the top voicing among other sounds.The present study is a comprehensive study of whatever concerns syllable in the Arabic language; Its linguistic and terminological definition, ancient and contemporary linguists' opinions, and stating types of syllables, components, characteristics, and significance.Chapter one discusses the effects of destress, stress, and assimilation on syllables and the role of these sound phenomena in the variations of syllables, which results in a variety of Quranic recitations. The role of alternation in producing new meanings through effecting the peak and base components of the syllable has been discussed in chapter two. In chapter three, the effect of sound omission on syllable has been discussed in two sections; The effect of omitting a whole syllable from word structure on reducing the number of word syllables has been discussed in section one. The effect of omitting part of the syllable on word structure and meaning has been discussed in section two in three subsections;1 - Omitting the base of syllable,2 - Shortening the peak of syllable,3 - Omitting the peak of syllable

الصورولوجيا في الرواية العراقية من 2003 الى 2016 == Imagology In Iraqi novel, From 2003 to 2016

Author name: الاء احمد عزيز عيسى
Supervisor name: حازم هاشم منخي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: الدراسات النقدية الحديثة، ويكتسب اهميته من منظور فكري بوصفه موضوعا جدليا في الدراسات الثقافية عموما، والمؤلفات الادبية شعرا ونثرا على وجه الخصوص, وكذلك يتيح موضوع الصورولوجيا معرفة الانسان للانسان وازالة سوء الفهم بين الشعوب ليسود التواصل بينهما. ولان استاذي الدكتور (حازم هاشم منخي) من المعنيين بالصورولوجيا في بحوثه ومقالاته فقد وجهني لاختيار موضوع الصورولوجيا في الرواية العراقية ما بعد 2003، ومن جملة بحوثه ( صورولوجيا الاستشراق في الرواية العربية) شاركه في مؤتمر جامعة واسط 2013، ومحاضرة له بعنوان ( صورولوجيا الشعر العراقي) منشورة في مجلة حبر ابيض ، عبادان ، العدد 8، ايار 2017. والرواية بوصفها فن الاخر مثلما يصفها الدارسون، تعد من اكثر الفنون الادبية تعبيرا عن موضوع الصورة الادبية للاخر، وقد برز هذا الموضوع بقوة في روايات ما بعد 2003، لان ما يجري في العراق من صراعات وحروب وارهاب جعل هذا الموضوع في الصدارة.ان الاخر الذي نحن بصدد دراسة صورته الادبية لا يقتصر فقط على مفهوم الاخر الخارجي (الاجنبي) الذي يشغل حيزا كبيرا داخل النصوص الروائية، بل امتد ليشمل اخر يمكن لنا ان نطلق عليه (الاخر الداخلي) الذي انتجنه المتغيرات السياسية والاجتماعية في المنطقة، فقد التفتت الروايات الى اخر داخلي متنوع ومتعدد مثل الرجل في كتابات المراة وابن البلد الذي تحول الى اخر داخلي بسبب الصراعات الدينية والطائفية والقومية والعشائرية، فنحن امام شبكة معقدة من صور الاخر فهناك اخر متعدد وانوات مختلفة التشكيل، كما ان معادلة الاخر غير ثابتة فقد تنتقل الذات الى اخر وبالعكس حسب ظروف الزمان والمكان وغيرها من الظروف. حاولنا الوقوف على اهم وابرز الصور الادبية للاخر سواء كان الاخر الخارجي/ الاجنبي او الداخلي/ المحلي، وقد اعتمدنا في دراستنا هذه على المنهج شبه التكاملي في تحليل النصوص الروائية ، وذلك راجع الى طبيعة الموضوع الذي يتطلب منا استعمال اكثر من منهج تحليلي، لمنح القراءة المقدمة للصورولوجيا في الرواية العراقية ما بعد 2003 مساحة تاويلية مستقلة في التعبير. استقر البحث على مقدمة وتمهيد وثلاثة فصول وخاتمة، جاء التمهيد تحت عنوان (مفهوم الصورولوجيا ومصطلحاتها) وتطرق الى تعريف مصطلح الصورولوجيا وبدايات ظهوره واهميته في الدراسات الادبية الحديثة والعناصر التي تسهم في تكوين الصورة.وجاء الفصل الاول بعنوان (انواع الصورولوجيا ومرجعياتها الثقافية) وفيه اربعة مباحث هي : المبحث الاول : الصورولوجيا الدينية، والمبحث الثاني : الصورولوجيا التاريخية، والمبحث الثالث : الصورولوجيا الاجتماعية، والمبحث الرابع : الصورولوجيا النفسية.اما الفصل الثاني فجاء بعنوان (تقنيات الصورولوجيا وتوظيفاتها) واشتمل على خمسة مباحث هي : المبحث الاول : صورولوجيا المكان الروائي، والمبحث الثاني : صورولوجيا الزمن الروائي، والمبحث الثالث : صورولوجيا الشخصيات الروائية، والمبحث الرابع : صورولوجيا التداخل النصي، والمبحث الخامس : صورولوجيا الجسد. وجاء الفصل الثالث بعنوان (تحولات الصورولوجيا وحالات فهم الاخر) وتضمن ثلاثة مباحث : المبحث الاول : صورولوجيا التشويه السلبي، والمبحث الثاني : صورولوجيا التشويه الايجابي، والمبحث الثالث : صورولوجيا التسامح, في حين تضمنت الخاتمة اهم النتائج التي توصل اليها البحث. واجهت البحث صعوبات عدة ابرزها صعوبة الحصول على المصادر لاسيما الروايات منها، كذلك سعة الموضوع فهو يتصل بعلوم انسانية شتى ، فضلا عن صعوبة تقصي المضمر من ذوات الروائيين وما يسعون له بفعل العلاقات النصية المشتبكة . وهنا لابد لي من التوجه بالشكر لكل من اسهم في اتمام هذا العمل المتواضع الذي هو محاولة خجولة تسعى للنجاح فان نجحت في سعيها فذلك عين الرضا ، وان فشلت فلعلها تكون عونا لدراسات قادمة اكثر جدية. | Imagology or literary imagery is a branch of comparative literature, which has remarkably flourished in the recent years. It is a comparative study of literary works of different nations as far as images are concerned, whether these images are negative or positive, which enables to promote ideals of forgiveness. This study focuses on demonstration of the other's image in the Iraqi novel after 2003 in the terms of imagological perspectives. The reason that drove me to choose the study of the topic of imagology in the Iraqi novels exclusively after 2003, lies in the fact that these novels are greatly involved with violent changes, which the Iraqi society has undergone after the American invasion of Iraq and its repercussions as represented by a lot of complicated issues such as the problem of the branch identities, sectarian displacement, the conflict between the ego and the other and violence and the like. The research falls into an introduction, prelude, three chapters and conclusion. The preface is entitled "The concept of Imagology", which deals with definition of the term "Imagology" and its beginnings and significance in comparative studies as well as the elements that contribute to the formation of the literary image. The first chapter is entitled "kinds of Imagology and its cultural references". It falls into four parts; the first deals with religious image, the second with the historical image, the third with sociological image, and the fourth with the psychological image. . The second chapter is entitled "The Employment of Imagology in the Narrative Techniques". It includes five parts; the first is concerned with novelistic spatiality, the second deals with imagology of novelistic temporality, while the third involves imagology of characterization in the novel and the fourth with imagology of textualisation in the novel and the last part focuses on body imagology . The third chapter is entitled "transformations of imagology and the states of understanding of the other. It includes three parts; the first deals with the stage of negative distortion, the second part; the stage of positive distortion, while the third part focuses on the stage of forgiveness .While in the conclusion, the findings of the research are presented

الشخصية المستلبة في الرواية العراقية المعاصرة من 2004 الى 2014 == Alienation Personal in Contemporary Iraqi Novel From 2004 - 2014

Author name: رائد جميل عكلو
Supervisor name: ضياء غني لفتة العبودي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The novel became today prevalent art and dominant on the other arts in the hierarchy of creativity. Which made critics name the present era as (the era of the novel)) as the Diwan of new Arabs who utters silence him from obsessions, and frees the repressed of their desires, and embarks on hopes the future, and go out to date looking in it and reveals his favor and harmful to build brighter lectured , the novel seeks to rooting through the principle of citizenship as civilians art. Today Iraq considered of the Arab countries which took the novel proceeds in the same refinement in order to exit the appearance esthetic new granted eternal in the memory of the people, by the topics addressed by the texts fiction as a cultural field can erupt old and new problems affecting human at the core of its existence. Iraqi novel has begun after opened up the prospects for freedom after the change to address topics sensitive were taboo in the former authoritarian regime time, because the individual will got up from its long slumber, and get rid of the artists Serious for their from creativity power restrictions. The alienation is consider the rampant phenomenon in Iraqi culture structure that penetrated implicit mode the Iraqi human psychology, and prevented him from recognizing its existence in isolation from the requirements of power in its various forms, so it embarked Iraqi novels addressing this negative phenomenon after the change and the demise of repression rock and decline of political repression caused by the historical tyranny in Iraq authority, Stained with novels to this phenomenon. This growing interest is not devoid alienation creators Sensing danger of this phenomenon is rooted in the psychology of the Iraqi individual who accumulated by wars and calamities and regulations alienation. and became the alienation in the novel a true representation of the reality of social infested with them, we can monitor the Iraqi social life and we noticed people of this country languishing under the umbrella alienation, oppression and uprooting, and live their lives with penetrative conscience or ideology colonial reality and convince him to falsify the existence and pay vigorously to defend the legitimacy of alienation itself, which explains alienating human behavior while defending bondage and frowns strange single name of freedom. That's why our studies titled ((alienation personal in contemporary Iraqi novel from 2004 to 2014)), in an attempt to monitor the phenomenon of alienation bullying on our presence, by tracking the central fictional characters main usurped, as an influential figure in the novel structure, creating a plot resulting from the process of events through accompanying personal movement in the fictional narratives that have dealt with this negative phenomenon. The letter came on the three chapters preceded by a preface, epilogue inflict mentioned the most important findings of the research. The preface entitled ((alienation : the history of the term and problematic concept)), in which the letter discussed the individual alienation in the meaning of linguistic and philosophical and critic, and the study sought to isolate the concept of alienation from the other of the concept of Translations (Alienation) compiler as well as the alienation of alienation and humiliation, the study showed the most important cultural reasons actors the prevalence of the phenomenon of alienation in society.The first chapter chose a title ((forms of alienation)) and the study stood on the manifestations of alienation on the personal flat and its impact on text characters and the time and space relationships, and uncovered the four forms of alienation are : First topic : political alienation, second topic : social alienation, The third topic : the psychological alienation, The four topic : cultural alienation. The second chapter title ((ends the alienation awareness)) and followed a personal message usurped in the maximum limits , and It responds negatively to alienation that you can not get rid of him. The study found four ends of three sections : the first topic : the escape from reality, second topic : physical and cultural death, the third section : Isolation and reconciliation.The third chapter was a chapter technically studied the aesthetics of usurped personal by building up the narrative in the text novelist. This chapter came on two topics, namely : First topic : patterns of the alienation Personal. First : listed alienation personal (Thematic narrative).Second : lists alienation Personal (self - narration).The second topic : introduction alienation Personal.First, direct introduction : Informing.Second, indirect introduction : the display.At the end of the research I can only extend my sincere thanks to all of the help offered, and contributed to the maturation of this research and take it out into the light. I must say save me from the pomp and enhances the spirit of scientific humility, which does not claim perfection in the search; because the perfect abort the spirit of research and covers the thirsty soul to Trance truth.And Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, prayer and peace be upon the prophets and the righteous..

الانا والاخر في شعر لميعة عباس عمارة == The Me and the other In Poetry of Lameeah Abaas Omarah

Author name: سليم عارف ياسر
Supervisor name: عبد الحسن علي مهلهل
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: الحمد لله الموجود في كل زمان ومكان ، لا تاخذه سنة ولا نوم ، الواحد الاحد الفرد الصمد ، مالك الملك ، وهو على كل شيء قدير ، وصلى الله على اشرف الخلق محمد ، وعلى اله الطيبين الطاهرين ، وصحبه المنتجبين ، وبعد .تسعى الدراسة الى التغلغل في عمق نص الشاعرة لميعة عباس عمارة ، بوصفه واقعة ادبية وثقافية وفكرية ، لها نسق تاريخي وجغرافي ، سعيا الى تحليل تلك الواقعة ، للوصول الى تشخيص طبيعة العلاقة بين الانا والاخر وفهمها ، والكشف عن الجوانب التي لم تزل قابعة في اعماق التجربة الشعرية المطروحة ، والبحث في دور الجوانب الثقافية ، والفكرية ، والفنية في رسم صورة الانا والاخر وتقديمها بنص ابداعي يحرك الفكر ويلامس الوجدان .وما دعا الى اختيار الموضوع ، هو اهمية مصطلح الانا والاخر في النقد الادبي الحديث ، والدراسات الادبية الحديثة ، ودوره في الكشف عن الكثير من الجوانب ، التي لا تستطيع كشفها كثير من الدراسات التي تهتم بالنص الادبي دراسة وتحليلا ؛ فضلا عن انه مازال يتمتع بالحيوية التي تجعله قادرا على استيعاب كثير من الموضوعات والافكار سيما انه يختلف من شاعر لاخر ، فهو عند لميعة عباس ليس كما هو عند نازك ، زد على ذلك ان ساحة الاشتغال هي شعر لميعة عباس ، وهي شاعرة عراقية لم تنل ما تستحقه من الدراسات ، ولم ياخذ شعرها نصيبه من الدراسة والتحليل على الرغم من اهمية شعرها ودوره في اثراء الادب العربي الحديث سيما انها تنتمي الى جيل الرواد ذلك الجيل الذي احدث ثورة ادبية ، وحركة شعرية واسعة ، وذائعة الصيت ، ومع ذلك لم تاخذ الشاعرة وشعرها من الاهتمام ما اخذه غيرها من الشعراء ، عدا دراسة الباحث اياد يوسف المعنونة (شعر لميعة عباس عمارة دراسة فنية) ودراسة الباحثة احلام عامل هزاع الموسومة ب(الموروث في شعر لميعة عباس عمارة) ودراسة شوقي يوسف بهنام المعنونة (لميعة عباس عمارة وهموم الضياع ، رؤية نفسية) .وقد بنيت الدراسة على تمهيد وثلاثة فصول ، تناولنا في التمهيد مفهوم (الانا والاخر) في اللغة وفي المنظور الفلسفي والمنظور النفسي والمنظور النقدي.وعالج الفصل الاول (تجليات الانا) طبيعة الانا وتمظهراتها وحالاتها في النص الادبي والكشف عن الوجوه التي تظهر بها الانا داخل النصوص الشعرية ، وقد تناولنا اكثرها بروزا والتي قسمناها على : (انا/الوطن ، انا/الثورة ، انا/التمرد ، انا/الاغتراب ، انا/التشاؤم ، انا/الانتماء القومي ، انا/الانساني).اما الفصل الثاني والذي اطلقنا عليه (تشظيات الاخر) فقد تناول تعدد الاخر وانماطه في النص الشعري وقد قسمناه على ثلاثة اقسام : الاخر الديني وتحدث عن علاقة الانا بالاخر المسلم ، والاخر المسيحي ، والاخر اليهودي ، والاخر البوذي ، وبين علاقتها وموقفها من كل منهم ، والقسم الثاني ، الاخر المكاني وقد قسم على المكان المفتوح (كالمدينة ، والصحراء ، والبحر) ، والمكان المغلق (كالبيت ، والسجن ، والقبر) معتمدا في ذلك التقسيم على ما ورد في نصوص الشاعرة من اماكن وبين الفصل علاقتها ومواقفها من تلك الاماكن ، اما القسم الثالث فهو الاخر الزماني وتتبع علاقة الانا بالازمنة المختلفة : الماضي ، والحاضر ، والمستقبل وبين محاولاتها في التغلب على الاخر الزمن. وقد جاء الفصل الثالث على قسمين ، الاول مصادر التشكيل اي المصادر المعرفية التي اعتمدت عليها الشاعرة في تشكيل نصها الشعري الحاوي لصورة الانا والاخر والمتمثلة بالقران الكريم ، والادب العربي القديم ، والاساطير ، والتاريخ ، والقسم الثاني طرائق التعبير ، والمتمثلة بالصورة الشعرية بشقيها البياني ، والحسي واستجلاء دورها في رسم الانا والاخر وتقديمهما للمتلقي بطريقة فنية ، ومن طرائق التعبير التي تناولها البحث ايضا الدراما ودورها في كشف علاقة الانا بالاخر عبر تلك المشاهد ، والمظاهر الدرامية ودورها في النص الابداعي للشاعرة .ومن الجدير بالذكر ان البحث قد اشار لبعض انماط الاخر التي لم توضع تحت مسميات مستقلة ؛ كون بعضها لا يشكل علامة بارزة في نصوص الشاعرة ، والبعض الاخر اسهم في الكشف عن تجليات الانا وحالاتها ، فاتضح معها بنفس المقدار فلا حاجة لجعله تحت تسمية مستقلة . وقد اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج التحليلي لما يقدمه من فائدة في استنطاق النصوص الادبية والكشف عن مقاصدها الشعرية . واعتمدت ايضا على طبيعة الشاعرة النفسية والاجتماعية ، وبعض المعلومات عن طبيعة الحياة الثقافية والسياسية في فترات ابداعها ، الى غير ذلك من الادوات المساعدة في اضاءة زوايا النص ، معتمدا مرجعيات داخلية وخارجية على انها لم تغفل الاحتكام الى النص بوصفه بنية متكاملة تعطي موقفا وتكشف عن خبايا واسرار تظهر لمن يستنطقه ويحاوره بروية وتاني . وفي الختام اود ان اقول ان هذه الدراسة هي محاولة متواضعة علها تلبي مستوى الطموح وتثمر عن فائدة على قدر ما بذل فيها من الجهد والعناء | The research reached to group of results we brief them as follows : - First chapter and the Me appeared by it existent and multi cases most important of them was the Me / The homeland , and here the me expressed in it about her love And her passion and her deep rooted with country until to reach to stage of edge of animation would be represented in her settlement & in traveling , The explanation of political situations in facing the authority & colonization to Arabic lands on tongue of Me / Revolution , but the situation towards society and its tradition and towards the other / the beloved . so through the rebellious me which refuses any thing that restricts it freedom & ideas , so the immigrant me about different cases of immigrant and its reasons , that are represented by outer immigrant that are the most reasons is being away from homeland and living in different places in customs and traditions other than the origin place, and to be stranger inside the homeland and most reasons is feeling non harmony and non communication means with others that caused to split & to be alone with himself , the immigration away from one's self where most reasons is feeling confused and lost and losing target , The me has inn its gloomy face a big role in revealing about hard circumstances that the poet Me lived with which formed with other reasons like loosing family & beloved ones and poverty and denying and romantic failure , a reason for making that gloomy face also the national belonging and to be proud of Arabic nation a role in forming the me in its national belonging and melting in group self , Which the Arabic society became representing the big family that would be happy if the are happy and would be sad if they will be sad also from the plural me that had been animated in poetry script where the human me , Where it revealed about high case of tolerance and accepting the different other , The poet had pushed away all types of radicalism and casting away on basis as race or color or religion because she sees that the people are all brothers in humanity being gathered by one creator so she refuses the classification and separation under any available plea.So the result of what has been achieved by the second chapter where the poet has expressed her respect to Islam in her situation and her view and the other Muslim where a view of respecting & admiration by its religious symbols and writing of Holly Quraan , and has shown about good relations and passion with the other Christian and has liked the other Buddhist for what she found in him insisting & loyalty and spirit of cooperation for sake of progress of his country as for the other Jewish so she found him a despotic , killer and extorted for others rights who lives on faking facts .But the other the place so the situations of the me poet are varied towards different places , so she seems to be satisfied and to accept each other like the Arabic city and the sea , refusing and hate for others such as ( jail & grave) but towards other places the poet shows acceptance & agree and sometimes refusing and hate according to the current situation and the non feeling of the me.But the other time , lie the past of merry memories and time of activity and youth and happy times and the present was the tragedy situation and weakness and disability and feeling pains and frustration , but the future has been lost as the unknown and scaring hallucination who brings with it the hoariness and old and death , The feeling of time pushing has pushed her to seek for a means for victory and to beat him up so she found her victory in achieving the moral immortality through art & creation.But the third chapter has shown that the poet has counted on acknowledge resources and intellectual storage has formed through it her creative script , that resources had been distributed between the Holy Quraan , Old Arabic literature , mythologies , and history as well as ways of expressing that had the role to show the image of me and the other artistically , so the most important of that methods is the poetry image by its two sides the data & feeling , which showed the role of senses and data styles in building the image also of the technical methods is the drama that the poet has revealed about the current conflict between the me & the other through dialogue on tongues of personalities that had been represented by mask, So the drama was a tool of art very easy from the experiment more technically & creatively

الافق التاويلي عند الزمخشري والطبرسي والرازي : الصفات الالهية انموذجا == The Hermeneutical Horizon of ALZAMAKHSHAR, ALTIBRISI, and ALRAZI

Author name: شامل عبد اللطيف
Supervisor name: رياض شنته جبر ال بطي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: بسم الله الرحمن الرحيمالحمد لله رب العالمين، والصلاة والسلام على رسوله الكريم، وعلى ال بيته الطيبين الطاهرين، واصحابه اجمعين، اما بعد.لا تخلو اية دراسة وبحث من اهمية وفائدة، ودرجة الاهمية هذه تحددهراغبة البحث والسؤال، ولا يخفى ان هذه الرغبة كانت وراء اختيارنا لايات الصفات الالهية في القران الكريم، ولضبط الموضوع المنظور فيه وتحديده سعينا الى اختيار ثلاثة تفاسير من مدارس مختلفة؛ ليكون تفسيرها لهذه الصفات - فحسب - موضوعا لنا، وعقدنا النية على ان تكون من القرن السادس الهجري، فتحدد موضوع البحث بهذه المرحلة، والى جانب ذلك شغلنا السؤال المهم والدقيق، فما هذه التفاسير التي ستكون موضوعا للبحث ما بين هذه السنوات؟، ولحرص منا ان يكون تفسير الكشاف (عن حقائق غوامض التنزيل وعيون الاقاويل في وجوه التاويل)، لصاحبه محمود بن عمر الزمخشري (538هـ)، ضمن هذه التفاسير الثلاثة، كونه الكتاب المعروف والشائع الذي بقي بصورة مكتملة من تفاسير المدرسة الاعتزالية، اخترنا تفاسير قريبة منه زمنيا حتى لا يحصل تناقض في الاختيار، فكانت هذه التفاسير( مجمع البيان في تفسير القران)، لامين الاسلام ابي علي الطبرسي (548هـ)، و(التفسير الكبير او مفاتيح الغيب، للامام فخر الدين الرازي(606هـ)، وهذا الاختيار يفرضه مسوغ منهجي اخر غير الزمان؛ وهو الاهم الذي ينبغي ان يراعى في حالة اختيار موضوع البحث، انها الردود والنقود بين هؤلاء المفسرين، وهذا يخص الرازي، فانه كثير النقد لتفسير الزمخشري في تاويل الصفات الالهية، وكثير النقل عنه ايضا؛ اذ ينقل عنه بعض الاراء والافكار التاويلية، فكتابة تفسير على تفسير اخر لا تعكس تاثير الاول على الثاني، اي : لا تعكس علاقة تاثير فقط، بل تعكس علاقة وعي وحضور دائم، فهي علاقة ثقافية سابقة، وهذه كلهراابطة مهمة في الحقيقة تخدم مسار البحث، وهي ايضا احد المسوغات التي تدفع بنا الى اختيار هؤلاء المفسرين من دون غيرهم. واما المسوغ الاخر، فهو رغبة معرفية في البحث تتمثل في السعي الى معرفة القبليات والسياقات الثقافية والفكرية التي يتصف بها كل مفسر بحسب انتمائه، واثرها في تاويل الصفات، فجاءت مادة البحث ملبية لهذه الرغبة، وذلك باختيار ثلاثة مفسرين من ثلاث مدارس، فكان الزمخشري من المعتزلة، وكان الطبرسي من الشيعة، وكان الرازي من الاشعرية.واما المسوغ الثالث، فهو يرتبط بطبيعة الموضوع المنظور فيه، وتتمثل هذه الطبيعة ارتباط الموضوع بالادبية والفنية، ذلك ان الصفات الالهية تمثل اعلى نصوص وتعابير قرانية ذات صبغة مجازية واستعارية، فاردنا ان نكشف عن التاويل لهذه الصفات، ونبين الافق الذي نظر منه اليها، فكان الافق اللغوي والبلاغي ملتصقين بموضوعنا من جانب، وباختصاصنا من جانب اخر، فالبحث عن الادبية والفنية في تفاسير هؤلاء بوساطة الصفات الالهية هو ما يحدد موضوعنا، ادبية اللغة التفسيرية، وفنية الافق التفسيري المرتبط بالافق القراني ذي الصبغة المجازية والاتساع في التعبير.كما تاتي اهمية البحث في الصفات الالهية من رغبة في اعادة تفكيرنا للتراث التفسيري، واعادته الى تفكيرنا مرة اخرى، لمعرفة الافق التاويلي عند هؤلاء المفسرين، وقبلياتهم المسبقة، واثرها في الفهم والتاويل، ومحاولة قياس مشروعيتها وصحتها، واخير محاولة معرفة ملاءمتها، اذ كانت هناك رغبة في معرفة اسباب الاختلاف في تاويل هذه الصفات بين المفسرين، والى ماذا يرجع هذا الخلاف، االى طبيعة الصفات نفسها ام الى الافاق التاويلية؟ اي : الى الموضوع المنظور فيه ام الى الذات المدرك لهذا الموضوع.وبما ان طريق البحث هو معرفة القبليات، ومعرفة التاويل اللغوي والبلاغي لهذه الصفات، فبحدود علم الباحث خلو المكتبات والمراكز البحثية المتخصصة بهذا الشان من دراسة قد سلكت هذا الطريق، اي : طريق معرفة القبليات والافق اللغوي والبلاغي في تاويل هذه الصفات عند هؤلاء المفسرين. كذلك خلو الابحاث من النظر الى الجوانب البلاغية والفنية للصفات الالهية، فالغالب ما يتم النظر الى هذه الصفات من افق عقدي وكلامي، وكلاهما لم يكونا من اهداف البحث وغاياته(*).ومن النظرية التاويلية اخذت الدراسة رؤيتها في المقاربة والمقارنة بين هؤلاء المفسرين، وقد اتكات على المكونات الاساسية التي تقدمها هذه النظرية في فهم النصوص وتاويلها، وفي التمهيد فصل الكلام عن ذلك، وبما يخدم البحث بعيدا عن الاطناب وقريب من الايجاز.وبهذا تكلمنا في التمهيد عن معنى الصفات الالهية لغة واصطلاحا، وعن التفسير والتاويل والفرق بينهما، وعن التاويل عند المدرسة الغربية الحديثة، وما قدمته لنا من مساعدة في فهم النصوص الادبية والفنية بالاساس.وفي الفصل الاول جاءت القبليات التاويلية على ثلاثة مباحث، في كل مبحث تكلمنا عن قبليات المفسر وثقافته ومعارفه السابقة عليه واثرها في التفسير، وكذلك معارفه الذاتية التي تميز كل مفسر عن غيره، فكانت المعارف البلاغية ما يميز الزمخشري عن الطبرسي الذي اشتهر بالمعارف اللغوية الكلامية، وكانت المعارف الكلامية هي ما يميز الرازي عنهما. وقد كان الفصل الثاني ضرورة ملحة ومرتبطة بالفصل الاول، وقد تكلمنا فيه عن التاويل اللغوي والنظرة التاويلية الى اللغة، وفهمها، وقد جاء على ثلاثة مباحث ايضا، وفي كل مبحث كلام عن مجموعة من الصفات نبين بوساطتها الافق التاويلي لهذا المفسر وطريقته في فهم اللغة.ومع الفصل الثالث اكتمل البحث بالكلام عن التاويل البلاغي، فتكلمنا عن الفنون البلاغية كالمجاز والاستعارة والكناية والتخييل واثرها في فهم الصفات، وبالاحرى تكلمنا عن الرؤية التاويلية لهذه الفنون، وما تتركه من اثر في فهم الصفات الالهية، فمعلوم ان كل افق تاويلي سواء اكان لغويا ام بلاغيا له تصوره المسبق، وعنده قبلياته المسبقة الموجهة لتاويله، فليست الافاق التاويلية متساوية، وبهذا الفصل كانت نهاية بحثنا.كانت طريقة البحث وطريقة الانتقال من فكرة الى فكرة ومن مبحث الى اخر، ومن فصل الى ثان، طريقة اقتضائية، بمعنى ان الافكار هي التي تطلب ما يليها وما يسبقها، وكذلك الفصول داخل الرسالة، فليست عملية تقديم فكرة ما على اخرى، وموضوع على اخر، ناتجة من فراغ، بل لاعتبارات منهجية مستقلة عن الفرض والاسقاط الذي لا يراعي طبيعة الموضوع، فخلاصة كل موضوع هي بداية موضوع اخر، لنحقق بذلك الدقة والضبط المنهجيين.ما بقي لدي من كلام، فهو لاستاذي وابي الروحي الدكتور رياض شنتة جبر، فهو بصيرتي وبصري لهذه الرسالة، كما اقدم حبي ووفائي لقسم اللغة العربية في كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية في جامعة ذي قار، والى اساتذة هذا القسم فردا فردا.والحمد لله رب العالمين، وتعالى عن مدارك الاوصاف، وهو الخبير بما تكنه الصدور. | The research aims to tackle three interpretations of Quran by three interpreters of fifth and sixth Hejra century. The research studies the divine features,( ability, will, hear, talk, throne, hand, leg, fest , swear….), in these interpretations .The first interpretation is ALKISHAF( on facts of mysterious revelation and the basic speeches in the Hermeneutic facets ) by Mahmood Ben Omar ALZAMAKHSHARI(538H)The second interpretation is ( Majmih Albiyan in Quran interpretation) by Ameen Aleslam Abi Ali Altubersi(548H)The third interpretation is ( The Grand interpretation or the key of the unseen) by Immam Fakhir Aldeen Alrazi(606H0The question the research aims to answer is : how the those interpreters understand and interpret the divine features in The holly Quran, and what is the horizon they look through to those features, and what is the impact of prejudices on their interpretations? This question constitutes the first chapter, from it raises two questions, the second and third chapters answer them.The research plan is to start with general introduction on Hermeneutics theory, and the approach it offers to interpret the literary and artistic texts.Chapter one studies the prejudice and its positive and negative impacts on interpretationChapter two studies the linguistic interpretation : choose a group of these features to show the hermeneutic horizon.Chapter three studies the rhetoric interpretation : metaphor , and imagination, the understanding of these arts and their impact of feature interpretation.Conclusion : shows that the prejudice is of remarkable guide on the interpretation of those interpreters in dealing with divine features : the previous knowledge and its impact on hermeneutic experience. That means the previous knowledge has the clear cut decision on hermeneutic statement

الاتجاه الاجتماعي في النقد العربي القديم : دراسة تحليلة == The Social Trend in the Ancient Arab Critical Discourse

Author name: هديل قديم جري
Supervisor name: عباس جخيور سدخان الوائلي
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: In poison of Allah Al - Rahman aalrHymaalHmd llh the raising sky wear of intention, fastener of the land in stake, on where height rises, liked where all breath resorts and trivial, does not know him her the hearts in assumption, his insight followed her the eyes in glancing, all statement rose about refuted, waaHtjb about all recklessness and cash.The prayer and the peace on source of the flags and the arbitrator, and return aalxlaay'q and the nations, her kindness the favor, and the informed flag, gentleman Arabic waale'jm, Mohammed Bin Abdullah is messenger represents me, and evidence from Allah executor, ibex of the suns the horoscope, and the illuminative moons, aalttaaabe'yn in sect gentleman of the character, his the publishers for debt followed his family and his friends benevolent from cobra and fasted wllh witnessed.After.Perhaps the statement : Indeed all what the human exports from social statement yjaanb the correctness, followed ye'aaks aalmHjt, so the human being says sentenced reveals you the society and their verb, his effect in circumstance and his submissions of facial paralyses, and what that to mSdaaq for truth for as long as her believer felt and horses weak that the human social being originally normalized him, delivers, and grows, and salutes in light of society, evaluates in him with family froze him, and children financed him the approach portrayed from social various, so different beatings from the interaction straighten in with them, divides w'iyaahm their share from the life, on relationships from the cooperation reconciled once, and the fight is last once, different in disagreement social domains of Al - Hayat numerous, religious and political and artistic also, so the art clarified mSdaaq for the social human, and straight excuse thereon, mouth hairy to image For the society who dismisses in him, and e'aaksCmirror his of circumstances and his situations, and civilization hairy 'inmaa structure on basis from says him and last basis from the statement in him, shown opinions refuges of the correctness and last shown refuges of the multiple and wrong, so if the hair was social, so his cash is likewise also, so there social in the speeches hairy and the cash also, from here idea of the letter came, to brands on after that entitled (the social direction in the money letter old.So to the Arabic cash acquired in many from studious which aamaaTt aallthaam about a lot of the monetary sides which gathered in her raved the inherited cash, who important distances for Arabic nature Al - Hayat discover and ways lived her and her culture, disassemblies of mirror reverses some truths aalmDmrt which already does not request her the passing recipient in the reading, to ends reading requires mtme'nt examiner to Arabic builder Al - Hayat establishes and her culture which designating sides sanctify blessing valuable and the concepts which guarantees in her Arabic and be proud in her wytwaarthhaa the Arab across the centuries, then Al - Hayat was social upright on nervous, and the type, and the ethnic affiliation and the glory in the ratios and the clean blood and the white color the uncles from liabilities the mixture with separation the last people, and hence then abundance for him raved distinguished his the social identity and the standing and the occurrence on the protection about road of affiliation for this nervous, As opposed to her loss so pulls from him this identity and indeed the vagrancy and the ritual consecrations from her protection will be destiny from rebels on her and her laws underestimate in, for that this composition and the laws whether ethnic values were moral mother of assimilation deterring first for the human Arabic for the prevention without spreading of the fsq waalfjwr in the society, because the importance which acquired in her the social laws assimilation date of the affiliation who results him the individual from her , weak including on look Arabic and their thought and their fanaticism to the bases divideDwhich the constitution idealizes first enemy committed to her and upright on accomplishment her, and in this so indeed the stop astride aalmskwt about him in the cash waalmxbw' from impact working social on a lot of the monetary arbitrators which inheriting her the ignorant critics from the era is navel while after him from the eras so assimilation of holy became be necessary aalaaHtdhaa' in him, weak dominant on operation receiving some The money letters, and that in returning some her in intellectual control the inclination and the scholastic affiliation in him.wwqd idea of the searching required division of the letter to three chapters, precedes her our facilitating of taking in him , the problematic term and the understandable speech monetary , and her hill is included end to worries what reached to him the letter from results.The chapter first address in (the class society ) and four topics came in, apparent reasons class in the Arabic society stand on, and her impact in course deviation the cash about the objectivity, produced her the color, and the lineage , and the profession , and the social standing.As for the chapter second losing cares in (the moral society Arabic and favored her on the cash so joining of four topics : The topic first : The flirtation in viewed the cash 'alaajtmaae'y , and the topic second : The satire in viewed the third cash social , and the topic : The truthfulness and the lie in social , viewed the cash and fourth : aaltksb in social viewed the cash, then the criteria were which dealt from during her with this directions self of importance big on tasting the critic and his wisdoms his arbitrator on the hairy purpose.The chapter came third entitled ( customs and traditions gathered ) then nature required studious his division to topics, first of them image aalmmdwH aalaanmwdhjyt heritable, as for second so social taking of image the woman between the reality waalaanmwdhj hairy.EStudies on the method depended in analytic integral who includes many from the methods aaltHlylt social blessing and my breath and cultural.Sources of the searching and his varied returns between old , towards book the songs , and the hair and hairy , and virility hairy , and indentical so around hairy waalmwshH and the chief and changes her , and modern which aatk'at on her in evidence directions of sight of some researchers and their monetary , opinions from her : Book date of the Arabic cash old for the doctor Taha Ahmed Ibrahim and hairy aalSe'aalyk in the era ignorant for the doctor Yousef xlyf , and book of the orders cultural for the doctor Abdullah aalGdhaamy and changes her from the books which reported from her in studies.Nevertheless the work raved the difficulties do not breach from; Because of accurate nature the research and the deep sight to social given of the direction across attempts his evidence and his consolidation in the monetary opinions.To is smooth Allah on us in who helper is for me on accomplishment the work raved, so the thanks all thanks for mn hand of the aid extended for me, special their professorial blessing in the male the professor the helpful doctor grim jxywr aalwaay'ly, losing was eye on the searching saahrt, refines, and revises, and arranges, corroded the searching in substance straighten up his, so his role idealizes in her the letter on all minutes, method, and scientific substance, his wonderful favor about effort in choice the term and the arrangement left.Sleeve relative to the male of grateful all 'al'astaadh Mohammed light of Yousef, losing was aid for me in what took him Allah cut the all welfare of the retribution meant.The seal fulfilled ... Works do not call in raved aalkmaal, so he llh unifies him, according to hit while Hrrarth in him that I potentialbleacher exerted, service for language Arabic and gathered and the scientific research, so indeed hit while hit, so your lowness by virtue of Allah, and indeed was second so sustained, and praise be to praise be to God of god of the scientists firstly and last.

نقد النقد في الدرس النحوي الحديث == Criticizing Criticism In Recent Grammar Lesson

Author name: علي جبار خضير
Supervisor name: رعد هاشم عبود العبودي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Arabic is an honest language, God honor it by setting down His final rules, on the chest in His best creation and secretary. So, Arabic is the link between the law of God and people, and also the human tool to remove the brutality in the Arab desert which is dominated by manifestations of generosity and poverty condolence by words with an understandable voice, meaningful pronunciation and sound effect. Arabic soon became a link between a striated to seal the religion of God and His law of His creation. Then, the language followed by a number of scholars who focused on servicing, defending, and publishing and showing the beauty and charm of Arabic statement. All those efforts are crowded with success. After that, many linguistic opinions are emerged in the field of grammar lesson as an examiner of heritage which idolizes and supports objections in that lesson. In order to make grammar is best than saying grew and burned. In every day, there is an opinion, objection, direction, correction, and criticism. From this plaza, the idea of the study is set by my supervisor who entitles the thesis( Criticizing Criticism in Recent Grammar Lesson). The main reason behind choosing this topic is the criticisms towards the grammatical criticism that deals with criticizing grammatical heritage in important grammatical subjects. This reason increases my argent desire to know what is the new that recent grammatical criticism has come with. The plan of the study has come according to my supervisor's idea. The study is divided into three sections preceded by an introduction and preface, and followed by a conclusion.The introduction is in the reader's view, while the preface deals with studying criticism in language and dictionary displaying the root of grammatical criticism in old grammar lesson, and whether grammatical criticism, as an item, is used in recent grammar lesson or not, and what is the reason behind increasing the literary tendency on criticism item rather than using it in old grammar lesson. The first chapter studies criticism in parts of speech and sentence. This division has come with two sections, the first section has come with studying criticism in parts of speech that deals with knowing parts of speech in old scholars' opinion and then criticizing parts of speech in recent Arab grammarians' idea. And the second section has come with studying criticism in the sentence. It includes defining verbal and nominal sentences according to old grammarians' idea and then criticizing criticism in the sentence according to recent Arab grammarians. The second chapter studies criticism in factor and parsing theory that has come with sections. The first section deals with criticizing criticism in factor theory, the second deals with criticism in parsing theory, the third deals with criticizing meaning in parsing which consists of two issues : the first, parsing has no effect on meaning, and the second : parsing tools reflect meaning. The fourth section has come with criticizing primary and secondary marks of parsing. The third chapter studies criticizing criticism in different topics which contains different criticisms many of them has come with appointmentssuch as absolute effect , object, status, predication of(enna) and the disciples. The study ends with a number of conclusions that set the most important results that are arrived to by the researcher. The study depends on a number of references that are scientifically searched and corrected, but also sources are used too that contain excellent information. Also many theses and dissertations are used, that are relevant to the study, with researches and articles. The researcher faces many obstructions such as the difficulty in obtaining references because the topic deals with recent criticism and most of its sources are new theses, dissertations and researches. This reason imposes on the researcher to travel to some districts for scholarly ideas from some instructors and then phoning them. God help us to complete this work. All my thanks to those whom have helped me especially my supervisor Ra'ad hashem Al - Abodi. He was an examiner to my study. He deletes, corrects, and arranges to support the study. His rule effects on the study letters, plan, and information. Also I would like to thank my instructor Riad Al - Sawad who doesn't refuse my questions and requests. He helps me in my study. Finally, I didn't say that my study is perfect, perfection is for God only, but I make all my efforts to serve Arabic and scientific research. If I am right, it is God virtue, and from my best, God bless me.

النقد الفني للشعر العراقي الحديث : تطور الشعر العربي الحديث في العراق , ودير الملاك, ورماد الشعر انموذجا

Author name: هبة قاسم عبد الحسن
Supervisor name: ازهار فنجان صدام
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:

جماليات النص القـراني عند دارسـي الاعجاز المحدثين، سيد قطب، محمد عبد الله دراز، عبد الكريم الخطيب، اختيارا : دراسة تحليلية نقدية == The Aesthetics Of The Quranic Text Within The Modern Scholars Of Linguistic Miracles Sayd Qutb, Mohammad Abdullah Daraz, Abdul Kareem Al Khateeb An Analytic Critic Study

Author name: زينب كاظم عطية الزيدي
Supervisor name: قصي ابراهيم نعمة الحصونة
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Being a divine book with aesthetic and miracle aspects, the Holy Quran has been studied by scholars from many different points of view. Some of these studies are grammatical; others are literary, rhetorical and stylistic. This thesis, entitled " The aesthetics of the Quranic Text within the Modern Scholars of Linguistic Miracles Sayd Qutb, Mohammad Abdullah Daraz, Abdul Kareem Al Khateeb" has come as an integration with the efforts of the researchers and scientists. This thesis adopts the criteria of aesthetics to shed lights on the aesthetic aspects of the Quran holy verses. The researcher has been motivated by some reasons, such as drawing the attention of the reader to the amusement of reading the holy Quran. The thesis aims at studying the semantic and aesthetic common elements among the modern scholars of linguistic miracles. The thesis also focuses on the uncommon elements which is studied by Said Qutib and has not been given attention by Dr. Mohammad Abdulah Daraz and Dr. Abdul Kareem Al Khateeb. The thesis depends on the critic analytic aspect, an aspect which criticizes the phenomenon, then analyses it. Some other studies such as "Rhetorical Thinking in the Linguistic Modern Scholars of Miracles and the Literary Quranic Text" helps in accomplishing this study. The researcher - like all researchers - faces challenging difficulties. On the top of these difficulties is the lack of the important relevant resources due to the corruptive burning events that occurred in the public libraries by the unmerciful enemies of knowledge. Next, the security circumstances are also one of factors that complicate the researcher's movement from a place to another. In addition, the numerous studies, which deal with holy Quran as a field of knowledge, makes it difficult to create an impendent study. In spite of all the numerous difficulties, and as a result of the amusement the researcher gets from reading the holy Quran, the thesis comes in this way. It falls in three chapters with an introduction and a conclusion. Chapter one deals with the phonetic rhythm in the Quran text. This concept has been studied from four different levels; the definition of rhythm and sound, the aesthetic of rhythm, the phonetic aesthetic. In this chapter, the researcher clarifies the aesthetic of repetition and pronunciation of the holy Quran.Chapter two, which deals with the aesthetic of structure in the holy Quran, indicates the aesthetic of the structural connective unit and the aesthetic objective unit in the holy Quran Surah. Chapter three deals with the aesthetic of the Quran style such as the aesthetic of the ellipsis, repetition and variety in the holy Quran. The thesis also depends on some books by the old scholars of linguistic miracles, such as The Miracles of Quran by Baqilani Three Letters in the Miracles of Quran by Khatabi, Rumani and Girjani The Evidences of Miracles by Abdul Qahir Al Girjani. The thesis also depends on some rhetorical books, such as The Mystery of Standard Speech by Ibn Sinan Khafaji and The Common Proverb by Ibn Atheer

علل التعبير الـقراني في سورة التوبة : دراسة دلالية == Causes Of Quranic Expression In Al - Tawba Surat Semantic Study

Author name: نور جبار حسين عبد الحسين العبودي
Supervisor name: يعرب مجيد مطشر العبيدي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the prophets and messengers, Prophet Muhammad and his good family, The Quran came down in a way that makes it impossible for the Arabs to come up with something similar to what they chose in their choice of words and their consistency with the context of the verses. Look at the scene that happened thousands of years ago occurs in yourself and signed and influenced by listening to the words chosen according to what suits them, as there is in each scene of the Holy Quran image expressive manner accurately, and this picture in its expression includes the general context of the word and the choice of words according to the language of each word Not on the syntactic structure of the word and tone of the musical commensurate with the events of the verses, as well as the grammatical factor that would have changed to the contrary of the axis of the verse. The Qur'anic expression has attracted the attention of the ancients and modernists, and much has been discussed about the meanings of the Qur'anic expression in its style, which is intertwined in its parts with the context of the verse in search of the problem of that expression in which the Holy Qur'an was revealed. I was in the process of searching for a title for my thesis. Dr. Yacoub Yousef succeeded me as a teacher in the Department of Arabic Language, who presented me with research on the meanings of the Qur'anic expression. After researching it as a preliminary research on the subject I accepted it and found the desire to search for its secrets. To extract the reasons for which the expression came in this way or that is interesting and delves into you in the secrets of the Koran and the disclosure of the mechanics of his style, which led me to choose this title subject to my Masters, and then I wanted to look at the secrets of expression of one of the Koran, I went to Surat al - Tawba, which was accompanied by questions about the overthrow of Basmalah, which is the first secret expression. The aim of my studies was to stand up to the secrets of expression in Surat al - Tawbah and to introduce it to extract the reasons behind the expression. The study came in a preface and three chapters followed by a conclusion showing the most famous findings of the study. The first chapter deals with the meanings of the Quranic expression in the lexical significance. It included two topics : the first is represented in the meanings of the Qur'anic expression in the selection of names, and the second in the meanings of the Qur'anic expression in the choice of deeds.The second chapter deals with the meanings of the Qur'anic expression in terms of morphology. It included three topics : The first is represented in the meanings of the Quranic expression in the use of the nouns, the second in the meanings of the Qur'anic expression in the use of the verb forms. The third chapter deals with the meanings of the Qur'anic expression in the synthetic sense. It included two sections : the first is represented in the meanings of the Qur'anic expression in the introduction and the delay, and the second in the meanings of the Qur'anic expression in the Quran and the deletion. The study went on the analytical descriptive method in explaining the choice of words, whether from lexical or morphological side, as well as to indicate the problem of the order of words in the presentation of each other or delay, and the fact that some words are mentioned or deleted. The study has adopted some important sources that can be consulted in the list of sources and references, and sources by type, especially the Arabic dictionaries and interpretations of the Quran and books of miracles and the statement of Quranic expression and books and the interpretation of the Koran and its meanings and similar books and problem, as well as books of grammar and linguistics and rhetoric, and wrote Dr. Fadel Samarrai sources The task that dealt with the issue of ills in the Koranic expression, such as : the Koranic expression and eloquence of the word in the Quranic expression and graphic touches in the texts of download and graphical questions in the Koran and the secrets of the Koranic statement and the way of interpretation. My study was not the first of its kind, but I studied the meanings of the Quranic expression in a wide range, either in a surah of the Koran or in a commentary or in a book of language, and from those messages that dealt with the meanings of Quranic expression in the Koran : The most important books of interpretation in the opinion of Mahmud, Mu'tazil and Zaydiyah on the selection of the gold of Wessam Najm Abdullah Al - Mohammadi in the Faculty of Arts - Islamic University in 2008 and the thesis of the meanings of the Quranic expression in the interpretation of Al - Baqarah by Amer Mahdi Saleh Al - Alwani in the Faculty of Education Ibn Rushd. University of Baghdad in 2004, and the message of the meanings of Quranic expression (The poets, ants, stories) by (Elaf Awad Mehdi) in the Faculty of Arts - University of Iraq / Baghdad in the year 2000, in the College of Education (Ibn Rushd) 2015. The research reached the most important results is that the Koranic systems accurate in the use of words and expression of what is consistent with the Koranic context of the verses, and comes in the form of the Koranic expression of repentance and it stands on what the Messenger of God faced the hypocrites and infidels from aversion to jihad and others, And the Messenger of the hypocrites and many of what is told by Surah repentance and fell Basmalah because; (In the name of God the Merciful) safety and not in the Surah repentance. The meaning of the lexicon has a role in the selection of names and deeds in Surah Al - Tawbah and its use in the context of the Qur'an in the expression of words, Maan (the Covenant, the Aqq, the Alliance, and the kinship), even if one of these meanings is to be recited by God. The meaning of the verse in Surat al - Tawbah was the share of the choice of the nominal and actual structures, the names of the individuals and the masses, and directing the context through the structure to choose the appropriate verse. (Otherwise) of the violation of the violation of the Messenger of God to go out with him to the invasion is closest to the meaning of the verse, but (successor) is the circumstance against the old. As for the structure of the Koran, he had a share in the Surah of repentance represented by the presentation of the right of delay, such as giving him the ability to do in saying : But they themselves are wrong [ al - tawba : 70], an aesthetic expression we can not find. The introduction of the word and its order in Surat Al - Tawba are as required by the title and context, such as the mention of the Prophet before the mention of the Mujahideen, the Prophets and the Prophet's repentance with their repentance to the emigrants and the supporters, and to the degree to which the Prophet came with them. The Quranic structure is also the mention of words and delete it, and we see the deletion of the letters or vocabulary in the surah of repentance, either the letters has been mentioned in the Quranic verse in the verse and deleted from another verse similar to the first verse, whether in context or in another context as the letter of the draft in most of the verses of the Koran It is mentioned in the letter of the draft (from) with the saying : (from under the day) and this is what we found in Surah repentance, but came one verse of the surah repentance in which deleted the letter of draft (of) on the reading of the deletion and explained that deletion either on the inclusion of the verse to confirm, He mentioned (from) or replied to that deletion that (who) was omitted in the verse in which the lesser bliss was included as well I have been deleted (from) in the previous verse and increased in others, which was the speech on all believers, including the prophets are higher than the former came with them (from). And thank God and the last prayer that praise to God, Lord of the Worlds

ثقافة النص في شعر ابن حمديس الصقلي == The Textual Culturing In Poetry Of Ibn Hemedis Al - Squly

Author name: زمن محمد مخيسير ناصر
Supervisor name: حسين مجيد رستم الحصونة
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Culture occupies a wide space thert cannet be ignored in titerary text precpssing - eachfiferary text beionge to a certaincultuder enviorament that develcy it and affects on the preefnetian of the literary text the study is devafed to the diicussion of one of the poete of atldelus in the sects and itatianee l eraine ibn hemides al - saqeli the study aims at disceweriring the culturaf formats arailable in the potic text e - g relgian literature history and mythology that textuaf acculturation which shenre lies abilifiy to activate the culturaf formats in the poetic conteat The introduetion eixplains the defintian of the acculturatien linguistically and idiomaticarry in addition to the cultural famats the first chapter descrbes the pnrport unit this chapter is divided into three subehapters the first one invvelves the use of the holy quran the second one sheivs the cutaral finheatier of the prophetic tradition and the last one explains the most important cuitural formats in ather religions The second chapter is called the ineraction of the literary cuitural patterns stinmlation and image metaphor that is devofed to poete use of leferargy peittere the first sub chaper explains stimulation and imitation the second one studies the litecary image and its metaphor and the last one includes the use of the ancient Arabic prose The third chapter is called the history of the cultural patterns in the callback funetion chapter four at last is named socilagicl and cultural interaction and re formation it clarifies the most important sociogied and cultural lines and how the poet re - forms them depending or his poetic perspectives The study has came up many conclnsions the poet tries to use a lot of the religious cultural patterns in his peems i - e he use he uses hely - quran prophet tradition or other religious formats it is also concluded that the poet has been affected arbic literature in the east in different erasj the poet made use of old - fashioned proverbs and the use of historical cultaral patterns from aneient history extinct clans and pre - islamic and Umayyad history - at last the study clarifies the use of the most important myths beliefs superstitone and social thoughts through the poetic text

مقدمات التاليف الادبي والنقدي حتى نهاية القرن السابع الهجري : دراسة في البنية والتركيب

Author name: علي مهدي حميدي
Supervisor name: رياض يونس السواد
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:

البيئة في الخطاب النقدي القديم : دراسة تحليلية == The Environment In The Old Critical Discourse An Analytical Study

Author name: صفاء جاسم عبد الصاحب
Supervisor name: عباس جخيور سدخان الوائلي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The environment with its relation to the literature took on rank where the reviewers wear its explanation, then the effects of the reality where the writer took, is appeared. And what the reviewers looked over to illustrate the final result of the environment on the language of the poetical text is inclined to the reviewed text where it considered the more important basic supplements followed the technical production with its different forms. The reviewers have illustrated the environment by making it as a one of the standards to simplify that. Where it is knew through it for the specifications that supported to show that language. Although the very important of the environment as a reviewed standard on the poetical level, but it hasn't the mere academic study from the reviewed side - in the searcher's knowledge - except the study , and this may be lead the searcher to study the subject and the research in its reviewer's texts. This study has built on a four chapters prior by the abstract and followed by the conclusion and the references. The abstract dealt with three objects, the first object is specified to illustrate the term of the environment with its two parts the lingual part and the idiomatic part. The second object dealt with the effect of the environment on the habit of the human. The third object dealt with the effect of the environment on the literature text and its relation with the produced creative works from the ignorant era to the Andalus era. The first chapter titled the environment is the reviewed standard in the development of the poets and their lateness. And it has divided into two parts, the first dealt with the literatures texts while the second dealt with the lingual texts. The second chapter has specified to study the effect of the environment on the recalling of the poetical talent. It fragmented into two parts, the first part has specified to study the silent nature. It based on a three stanchions, the first stanchion dealt with the ruggedness of the desert and the mountains, while the second stanchion has specified to show the effect of the gardens and the rivers on the old reviewed texts. In the third stanchion, the two prodigies of night and day within the field of the silent nature. The second part has specified to study the dynamic nature and has distributed into three elements. The first element was titled the camels and their presence in the reviewed text for the sake of the comparison among the poets. The second element dealt with the horses while the third element dealt with the birds and showed the pair of the review with that flied in its sky and mixed with its creative resources. Then the third chapter has come to study the environment as a reviewed standard in the preference of the poetical saying or its rejection, and it has included two objects, the first object specified to study the phonetic use and the building was finished by the second object in the structural use. In the completion of the prior, the fourth chapter has come to use the environment effectiveness in the nomad and the townsman words and their pronunciation. It required to divide it into two objects, the graphic pictures in the nomad and the townsman pronunciations has studied in the first object and it has been divided into three pictures. The likening has dealt in the first picture while the second picture showed the metaphor manner in the nomad and the townsman texts and the completion was the nicknaming picture which the final within the reviewed texts boundaries. The second object has dealt with the study of the effectiveness of the environment on the lingual words and it has three stanchions, the first stanchion was the strength phenomenon and the second stanchion was the tune word while the drawl was the third stanchion. This study was finished by the conclusion which summarized the more important obtained results followed by the references of the study where the more important of their, the books of "Tabakat Fohol Alshoaeraa" by Ibn Salam Aljumhey, "Almoasheh" by Almrzebany and Tarajum Alasfahaney in his book "Alaghany".

الانسجام النصي في سورة الانبياء == The Textual Harmony In Prophets Surat

Author name: سارة عباس كريم
Supervisor name: رافد مطشر السعيدان | جلال الدين يوسف العيداني
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: All Praise is due for Allah that suits his glory and greatness and praise Him or his guidance and help; peace and blessing be on his prophet, the best of all humans, and his progeny whom He kept away from the uncleanliness and whom He make equal to holy Qur’an for which the wrong cannot access from all sides. The honest speech is the Holy Quran , and the noblest sciences are the ones that related to this holy book. The goodness of human being is to be occupied with the service of the book of almighty Allah which is immortal text with Arabic tools that becomes accurate source for the people who want to take of it. Without doubt, it is a great honor to search in this holy text and this greatness comes from the greatness of the book and its scarcely, the researcher, in her study for this Quran piece, does not attempt to prove it as a text or not, which is inevitable and certain, but she tries to discover the textual harmonic tools that leads to its formal coherence which appeared the semantic dimension to the Qur'anic text. The choice of the term of the textual harmony as a pivotal theme for this study comes as a result of its being pivotal for the textual studies and according to this, the relationship between the word and its neighbor is built, and the relationship between the sentence and the other to reach building the entirely text or entire structure characterized by the close correlation in the formal level through the indicative and connectivity pronoun, then the relation of the repetition and omission between words or sentences. Hence, Surat Al - anbya(prophets) is taken as a practical field of the textual harmony since this Surat has not been studied textually. In addition to this, it contains the stories of some prophets ( PBUT) and their hardships and almighty’s relieve for their sufferings, all this leads to strengthen human’s determination in Allah who never ever let him/ her down. Moreover, it has signs and lessons people need and hence, there is a necessity to study this text deeply to reveal the textual harmony.The dissertation is divided into four chapters proceeded by introduction and followed by conclusion. For the introduction, the definition of some terms occurs through which we can know the meaning of text and the term of Harmony and its synonymic terms of it. Then, the first chapter dedicated to reveal the harmony tools which comes through three parts : the first part dedicated to study the context, the second part dedicated to study the occasion, and the third part devoted to study the speech. The second chapter is entitled the voice harmony which does not include parts to avoid the repetition and to study all the existed Acoustic phenomena within the same verse simultaneously without partition. The third chapter is dedicated to reveal the lexical Harmony by the way of dividing it into two parts : the first part deals with repetition, and the second part deals with the associated lexicography.Finally, the fourth chapter that entitled the grammatical harmony. This chapter is divided into three parts : the first part expose the referral and its tools that contributes in the harmony of the text , the second part is dedicated for the omission, and the third one is devoted to reveal the conjunction and its role in the harmony of the text. The conclusion is dedicated to reveal the results that the researcher discovered in his study about the textual harmony in Surat Al - anbya(prophets).The research enrich its material out of sources’ variety such as the rhetoric books, interpretation books, Arabic dictionaries, and the textual linguistics books. Rhetoric books : al Mathal al Saeer for Bin Al Atheer (471 AH), al Tiraz for Al Alawei (749 AH), and the mircle proves(Dalael Alejaz) for Al Jerjany (471AH)Interpretation books such as Al - Kashaf written by Alzmakhshari (538 AH), The Big Interpretation written by Al - Razi(606 AH), Emancipation and Enlightenment written by Bin Ashor(1323 AH) and so on. Dictionaries : quantifications of language written by Bin Faris (395 AH), The Tongue of Arab written by Bin Al - Manthoor, And Taj Al Aroos written by Al - zubaidi(1205 AH) and so on. Textual Linguistics books : linguistics of the text introduction to the speech harmony written by Mohammed Khatabi, textual linguistic between theory and practice written by Subhi Ibrahem.The most important findings that the study revealed is that the Harmony is group of textual relations in addition to the other hidden relations which urges the researcher to depend on some other elements other than the textual ones to discover the link. Moreover, the curriculum of the text linguistics is a curriculum based on the significance which can be gotten out of the mechanisms of the linguistic search in all its levels such as : the Acoustic, lexical, and the grammatical. The study calculated the tools of the lexical, and the grammatical harmony which are represented by the tools of the referral and Conjunction. Its repetition contributed in achieving the harmony in its formal and semantic level. Last but not least, I do not pretend the perfection in all the topics that I dealt with in study since perfection is all belongs to Almighty Allah and the characteristic of the mundane deeds are imperfect. Hence, if I achieved what I wanted, it is with Almighty Allah help, but if I failed, it is because of the oversight of the mind and the inattention of the self
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