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تقييم نظام ترصد الحصبة, دائرة صحة الرصافة,بغداد, العراق, 2013 == Evaluation of Measles Case - Based Surveillance System, Baghdad - Resafa, Iraq, 2013

Author name: اسعد مهدي اسعد
Supervisor name: فارس حسن اللامي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Applied Epidemiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • ترصد الحصبة
  • قييم الرصد
  • مؤشرات تقييم الاداء
  • بغداد الرصافة
First pages:
Abstract: يتطلب التخلص من مرض الحصبة نظام ترصد رصين وذو جودة عالية. بدا نظام ترصد الحصبة في العراق في عام 2005, ومن خلال هذا النظام يجب الابلاغ عن كل حالة (حمى مع طفح جلدي) والتحري والتحقق منها على الفور. اجريت هذه الدراسة لتقييم نظام ترصد الحصبة في دائرة صحة بغداد/ الرصافة للفترة من 1/ايار/2013 ولغاية 31/ تموز/2013, وهو اول تقييم لهذا النظام بهذا الاسلوب في العراق.اهاف البحث : 1. تقييم جودة واداء النظام، 2. تحديد الفجوات الموجودة في النظام ومجالات تحسينها,3. صياغة التوصيات لغرض تحسين النظام.طريقة البحث : 1. تقييم نظام ترصد الحصبة من خلال الزيارات الميدانية لـ : شعبة الرصد الوبائي في مركز السيطرة على الامراض الانتقالية/بغداد, وحدة الامراض الانتقالية في دائرة صحة بغداد/الرصافة, وحدة الامراض الانتقالية في جميع القطاعات (7), مستشفيات اطفال عدد 2 ومراكز رعاية صحية اولية عدد 14 اختيرت عشوائيا. حيث تم اعتماد قائمة معدلة لمؤشرات معيارية تابعة لمنظمة الصحة العالمية والدلائل الارشادية لمراكز السيطرة على الامراض والوقاية منها في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية, حيث تمت دراسة هيكلية النظام (Structure), وظائفه الجوهرية (Core functions) والوظائف الداعمة (Support functions) بالاضافة الى نوعية النظام (Data quality or system attributes).2. وصف للمعلومات المسجلة في نظام ترصد الحصبة في العراق من عام 2008 ولغاية عام 2012 مع تحليل مؤشرات الاداء الموصى بها من قبل منظمة الصحة العالمية خلال هذه السنين.نتائج البحث : 1. نتائج التقييم : ا. معظم الوظائف الجوهرية للنظام (كشف وتسجيل وتاكيد الحالات المشتبه اصابتها بالحصبة والابلاغ عنها وعن الاوبئة والـتاهب لها) تفوق المعيار الافتراضي للاداء الجيد(80%). اما تحليل المعطيات وتفسيرها فكانت تتم فقط على مستوى شعبة الرصد الوبائي في بغداد وكذلك التغذية الاسترجاعية فانها دون المستوى في القطاعات (42,9%). ب‌. فيما يتعلق بالوظائف الساندة للنظام فالدلائل التوجيهية والمعيارية (Standards and guidelines) لنظام ترصد الحصبة ولسحب النماذج وعملية احالتها للمختبر موجودة في اغلب المؤسسات المزارة, اما نسبة الكوادر المدربة في القطاعات فكانت (62,5%) وفي المراكز الصحية (71,4%) ولا يوجد متخصصين في علم الاوبئة في كافة المستويات المزارة عدا شعبة الرصد الوبائي في مركز السيطرة/بغداد ودائرة صحىة بغداد/الرصافة. وعلى الرغم من ان الزيارات الاشرافية تجري من قبل المستويات العليا فان توثيق توصيات الزيارات كانت موجودة في (71,4%) من القطاعات و(50%) من المستشفيات المزارة و(42,9%) من المراكز الصحية المزارة. ت‌. اما اكتمال بيانات الترصد((completeness فقد كان يتراوح مابين (83% - 90,9%). وانية التوقيت (Timeliness) فيما يخص تسليم التقارير حول ترصد الحالات والاوبئة فكانت بنسبة (100%). بالاضافة لذلك, فان نظام الترصد تبين بانه مفيد وبسيط ومقبول وعلى درجة عالية من المرونة. اما حساسية النظام فكانت (92%) في المستشفيات المزارة و(95%) في المراكز الصحية المزارة. وكانت القيمة التنبؤية الايجابية (3,6%) في المستشفيات و(9,5%) في المراكز الصحية.2. فيما يخص المعلومات المسجلة في نظام ترصد الحصبة في العراق من عام 2008 ولغاية عام 2012 : ا. تراكميا, تم تسجيل (3,292) حالة اشتباه اصابة بمرض الحصبة في دائرة صحة بغداد/الرصافة للفترة من عام 2008 الى 2012. من بين هذه الحالات كانت هنالك (2,603) حالة مؤكدة, وحوالي (63,4%) منهم كانت اعمارهم (9 - 60 شهر) و(15,6%) هم اقل من (9 شهور). اما فيما يخص الموقف التلقيحي لهذه الحالات فكان (68,2%) منهم غير ملقحين, (22,4%) ملقحين والبقية كان موقفهم التلقحي غير معروف. من هؤلاء الملقحين, كان (99,3%) منهم ملقحين بجرعة واحدة فقط من لقاح الحصبة وكانت نسبة المعلومات المؤخوذة من كارت التلقيحات تمثل (0,2%) فقط. ب‌. على الرغم من انه تم تحقيق تقدم في معظم مؤشرات تقييم الاداء الموصى بها من قبل منظمة الصحة العالمية, فان هنالك ضعف في تحقيق بعض المؤشرات في بعض القطاعات. هذه المؤشرات هي "النسبة المئوية لحالات اشتباه الاصابة بمرض الحصبة التي تم التحقق منها بصورة كاملة", و"النسبة المئوية لحالات اشتباه الاصابة بمرض الحصبة مع عينة وردت في المختبر في غضون 7 ايام من جمع العينة" و"معدل حالات غير الحصبة وغيرالحصبة الالمانية لكل مئة الف نسمة". الاستنتاجات والتوصيات : اظهرت الدراسة بان نظام ترصد الحصبة ذو حساسية عالية وقد حقق اهدافه المعلنة, على الرغم من انه لم يكن مرضيا تماما على جميع المستويات ولاتزال هنالك بعض الفجوات في النظام.واوصت الدراسة بضرورة تكرار التقييم بصفة دورية, اجراء البحوث العملياتية وتقييم مستقل للتغطية بلقاح (MCV) وتعزيز التدريب والاشراف والتغذية الاسترجاعية. | Background : Measles Case - Based Surveillance (MCBS) was started in Iraq in 2005 and every case of fever and rash should be immediately notified and investigated. Evaluation of Baghdad - Resafa Directorate of Health (DOH) was conducted in 2013. Objectives : to evaluate the quality of system, its performance and to determine the gaps and areas for improvement.Methods : Field visits to surveillance section within Communicable Diseases Control Center/Directorate of Public Health and Primary Health Care/Ministry of Health - Iraq (Iraq - CDCC) and surveillance units at Baghdad - Resafa DOH, its seven districts, two pediatric hospitals and fourteen Primary Health Care Centers (PHCCs) using checklist consist of modified WHO proposed list of indicators for monitoring and evaluation. Epidemiological analysis of MCBS data was done from 2008 - 2012.Results : Case detection, registration, confirmation, reporting; and epidemic preparedness were performed well at all levels. Data analysis and interpretation was only performed routinely at national level. Feedback reports were maintained at national, DOH and in 42.9% of the districts. Standard and guidelines were present in most studied areas. Only 62.5 % of the districts and 71.4 % of the visited PHCCs had trained staff. Although supervision was conducted, documentation and recommendations of the visits were present at DOH level, 71.4% of the districts; and only 50% of the hospitals and 42.9% of PHCCs. Completeness of surveillance data was varied from 83% to 90.9%. Timeliness was 100% for surveillance report submissions and outbreak detection. The system was useful, simple, accepted; and flexible at most levels. Sensitivity of the system was 92% in visited hospitals and 95% in visited PHCCs. Predicted Value Positive (PVP) was 3.6% in visited hospitals and 9.5% in visited PHCCs.Cumulatively 3,292 suspected cases were reported in Baghdad - Resafa DOH during 2008 - 2012. Among these, 2,603 (79%) were confirmed measles cases. Around 63.4% were 9 - 60 months, 15.6% were under nine - months. Around 68.2% were not vaccinated, 22.4% were vaccinated and the rest were of unknown vaccination status. About 99.3% of the vaccinated had one dose only. Card retention rate was 0.2% only. Despite progress achieved for most of WHO performance indicators, there was weakness in “percentage of suspected measles cases with complete investigation”, “percentage of suspected measles cases with specimen received at lab within 7 days of collection” and “non - measles non - rubella rate” in some districts. Conclusion and recommendations : The system appeared highly sensitive and met its stated objectives; although it was not fully satisfactory at all levels and some gaps are still there. It was recommended to repeat the evaluation periodically; conduct operational researches and independent assessment of Measles Containing Vaccine (MCV) coverage and to enhance training, supervision, and feedback

نتائج الفحص بالرنين المغناطيسي لمرض سرطان المبايض بالارتباط مع الفحص النسيجي == Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings Of Ovarian Malignancy In Correlation With Histopathology

Author name: صبا قيس عيسى
Supervisor name: خليل ابراهيم محسن
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diagnostic Radiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: نبذة : التشخيص المبكر والعلاج من الاورام الخبيثة للمبيض مصحوبان بتنبؤات حياتية جيدة. التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي له درجة عالية من الدقة في التصنيف المبكر لاورام المبيض.الهدف من الدراسة : لتحديد دقة التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي في تشخيص الاورام الخبيثة في المبيض بالمقارنة مع التشريح المرضي كاختبار ذهبي.المرضى وطرق البحث : دراسة متابعة مستقبلية اجريت في وحدة التصوير بالرنين المغنطيسي في قسم الاشعة بمستشفى بغداد التعليمي في مجمع مدينة الطب في بغداد خلال الفترة من 1 فبراير 2017 الى 31 ديسمبر 2017 على عينة من 30 امراة مشتبهة بالاصابة بورم المبيض. تم فحص جميع المرضى مع التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي الموزون الانتشار وتم جمع العينات لفحص التشريح المرضي.النتائج : كشف التصوير بالرنين المغنطيسي للنساء المصابات بورم خبيث في المبيض في 73.3٪ من النساء كما كشف تحليل الانسجة عن وجود ورم خبيث في المبيض في 73.3٪ من النساء. كانت نتائج صلاحية التصوير بالرنين المغنطيسي فيما يتعلق باورام المبيض الخبيثة حساسية (90.9٪) وخصوصية (75٪) وقيمة تنبؤيه موجبة (90.9٪) وقيمة تنبؤيه سالبة (75٪) ودقة (86.6٪). كانت قيمة القطع المناسبة لمعامل الانتشار الظاهر في التمايز بين الكتلة الضامة الخبيثة والحميدة 0.97 مع حساسية 100٪ وخصوصية 90.9٪.الاستنتاجات : ان التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي الموزون الانتشار هو تقنية صالحة ويمكن الاعتماد عليها في تشخيص وتوصيف اورام المبيض. | Early diagnosis and treatment of adnexal malignancy is accompanied with good prognosis. The magnetic resonance imaging has high accuracy in early categorization of adnexal masses. Aim of study : To determine accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing ovarian malignancy in comparison to histopathology as golden test.Patients and methods : A prospective follow up study conducted in magnetic resonance imaging unit of Radiology Department in Baghdad Teaching Hospital in Baghdad Medical City Complex during the period from 1st of February, 2017 to 31st of December, 2017 on sample of 30 women with suspected adnexal masses. All patients were examined with diffusion - weighted magnetic resonance imaging and specimens were collected for histopathology examination.Results : The magnetic resonance imaging of women with adnexal mass revealed malignancy in (73.3%) of women and the histopathology revealed also malignancy in (73.3%) of women with adnexal mass. The validity results of magnetic resonance imaging regarding malignant adnexal mass were sensitivity (90.9%), specificity (75%), +ve predictive value (90.9%), - ve predictive value (75%) and accuracy (86.6%). The appropriate cut off value for apparent diffusion coefficient in differentiation between malignant and benign adnexal mass was 0.97 with (100%) sensitivity & 90.9% specificity.Conclusions : The diffusion - weighted magnetic resonance imaging among other MRI sequences that play valid and reliable role in diagnosis and characterization of adnexal masses. Keywords : Adnexal masses, Ovarian Malignancy Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Histopathology

دراسة اتجاهات مرض التهاب الكبد الفايروسي في العراق للسنوات 2007 - 2014 == Trends of Viral Hepatitis, Iraq 2007 - 2014

Author name: حسين محمود كاظم
Supervisor name: جواد كاظم الديوان
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Applied Epidemiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Viral hepatitis is a serious global public health problem and a major cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in developing countries. There are five distinct types of hepatitis virus. Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E viruses. Globally, every year there are an estimated 1.4 million cases of hepatitis A, 20 million hepatitis E infections, over 3 million acute cases of hepatitis E, and 56 600 hepatitis E - related deaths. HBV affected 7% of world population and causing more than 1 million deaths annually, while HCV affected 3% of world population and causing 366,000 deaths, annually. In Iraq, the carrier rate of HBV and HCV is 1.6% and 0.4% respectively. Goal : To decrease the morbidity and mortality resulting from viral hepatitis infection.Objective : to identify the trends of viral hepatitis, Iraq, 2007 - 2014.Material & Methods : A descriptive cross - sectional study was conducted from1st June to 31st August 2015 at Communicable Diseases Control Center (CDC)/Iraq on all confirmed hepatitis cases and clinically diagnosed hepatitis cases registered in Iraq provinces during eight years period (2007 - 2014). Data were obtained from the computer stored registries of these cases in Viral Hepatitis Section and Surveillance Section in Communicable Diseases Control center (CDC)/Iraq. Results : the higher incidence rate of hepatitis A, B and C occurred in 2013 (were 31.58, 11.49, and 3.69 respectively), higher incidence rate of hepatitis E in 2011 was 1.17 while higher incidence rate of clinical hepatitis in 2010 was 55.38.Conclusion and Recommendation : High incidence rate of HAV, HEV, HBV and HCV. The peaks of HAV were noticed in 2010 and 2013. Looking for good sanitation, Screening for risk groups, Vaccination for HBV.

نسبة الصفيحات الدموية الى الخلايا اللمفاوية ونسبة الخلايا اللمفاوية الى الخلايا الوحيدة لدى عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بمرض بهجت == Platelet - Lymphocyte Ratio and Lymphocyte - Monocyte Ratio in a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Behçet’s Disease

Author name: زهراء مصطفى كامل
Supervisor name: فائق ايشو كوريال
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Behçet’s disease is a multi - systemic disorder, characterized bya remission and relapse , associated with a major morbidity and mortality.the principal pathological process is inflammation of blood vessels of allsizes and types (variable - vessel vasculitis).Platelet - lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte - monocyte ratio(LMR)regards simple, cheap parameters and was introduced as a novel marker todetermine inflammation in other diseases.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between activity of Behçet’s disease withplatelet - lymphocyte and lymphocyte - monocyte ratio.Patients and MethodsThis case - control study conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital,Unit of Rheumatology from July 2017 to the end of February 2018. A total of 66 Iraqi patients who were diagnosed with Behçet's disease and met the inclusion criteria, and 66 apparently healthy individuals matched in age and sex as controls were enrolled. After acquiring their consent, data were collected using a pre - constructed data collection sheet, questionnaire including demographic and clinical data of the patients. Disease activity was assessed using Behçet's disease current activity form. Total White Blood Cells count and differential , C - reactive protein (CRP), erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured. platelet - lymphocyte and lymphocyte - monocyte ratio was calculated manually after obtaining the results from laboratory

انتشار العدوى المتفطرة اللاسلية الرئوية المعزولة من المرضى في المختبر المرجعي الوطني في العراق == The Prevalence of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection isolated in patients at National Reference Laboratory in Iraq

Author name: احمد سالم محمد
Supervisor name: مصطفى نعمة عبد علي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Internal Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Non - tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) considered mostly as colonizers or ignored as environmental contaminants in the past, are now increasingly recognized as important pulmonary pathogens in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent population. Globally, an increase in NTM infections has been reported from many countries around the world. However, there are no published epidemiologic studies of NTM in Iraq.ObjectiveIs to estimate the prevalence and pattern of resistance of pulmonary NTM infection in Iraq.MethodsThis was a retrospective study collected from the database of national reference laboratory of Iraq from 2015 to 2017

الوضع الوبائي لمتلازمة العوز المناعي في العراق من 1990 - 2017 == Epidemiological Profile of HIV in Iraq From 1990 - 2017

Author name: قيس عبد العزيز عبد المطلب
Supervisor name: جواد كاظم الديوان
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Applied Epidemiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a disease of far greater demographic diversity, affecting all ages, sexes, races, and income levels; involving multiple transmission risk behaviors; and having a broad geographic distribution worldwide.Globally, there are about 36.7 million people living with HIV, and 1.81 million new HIV infections occurred worldwide in 2016. There is insufficient epidemiological data on HIV infection in Iraq, so this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence, incidence and other epidemiological characteristics of HIV patients in Iraq.Methods : Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted by reviewing all records of HIV patients that retrieved from the Iraqi HIV Surveillance Center from1990 - 2017. Corresponding population data of Iraqi population was obtained from the Ministry of Health (MOH) - Directorate of Planning and Resource Development - Health and Vital Statistics Department. Results : The total number of the registered HIV patients in the Iraqi HIV Surveillance Center from 1990 - 2017 were 385 documented HIV cases. The prevalence and incidence of HIV infection in Iraq in 2017 were 0.66/ 100,000 populations and 0.24/100,000 population respectively, and they increased gradually over the last 27 years.The mean age of patients with HIV at time of detection was 31±12 years. Most of the patients aged 25 years and above that account for (86.8%).Males showed much higher percentage of HIV infection than females about 82%.Most of the cases concentrated in Baghdad governorate (123 cases) that represent 52.8%, followed by Erbil governorate (21,8.4%).Clinically suspecting HIV infection was the main route for detecting cases (22.07%), followed by blood donation (20%) of the cases.Sexual activities represent the major role of transmission about 57%, followed by blood and blood products consumption that represent 22.5%.Conclusions : The prevalence and incidence of HIV infection continue to rise over the last 27 years especially in the last five years. We recommend paying more attention to the control and prevention measures and enhancement of surveillance system.Keywords : HIV, Iraq, Epidemiology, ART.

الوفيات والمراضة الناتجة عن حالات التهاب المعدة والامعاء بين الاطفال دون سن الخمسة سنوات في بابل, 2007 - 2017 == THE MORTALITY and MORBIDITY of GASTROENTERITIS in UNDER 5 YEARS CHILDREN, BABYLON PROVNCE (2007?2017)

Author name: رزاق هاشم محمد
Supervisor name: علياء مكي حسن الصافي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Applied Epidemiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Diarrhea is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. It was the second leading cause of death in children under five years, accounting for 9 % of all deaths among children under age 5 worldwide in 2015. Despite the availability of simple effective treatment, about 1,400 young children die each day which is equivalent to 526,000 children a year. According to Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS - 4), the incidence of diarrhea in Iraq was 15% .The objective of this study was to identify the incidence and deaths of gastroenteritis in children under five year in Babylon, 2007 - 2017.Methods : A descriptive cross - sectional study by reviewing all reported cases of gastroenteritis in hospitals and districts of Babylon province between 2007 - 2017.Incidence, mortality rate and case fatality rate (CFR) for <5 years population were calculated.Results : The mean of cases was 69,436 patients. A mean of outpatient was 60,243(86.8%) and 9,194(13.2%) were admitted cases. Male to female ratio was 1.1 : 1. Incidence of gastroenteritis was 237.8/1,000, the highest incidence was in 2012(302 /1,000), the lowest was in 2016(163/1,000), most deaths occur in children <1year (82.1%). CFR was (1.1/10,000), the highest case fatality rate was in2007 (3.9/10,000), there was no deaths in 2013 and 2015, therefore CFR was 0%.Proportional mortality rate (PMR) the mean was (0.3%); the highest PMR was in 2007 (0.8%), because there was no deaths in 2013 and 2015 PMR (0%).The incidence was higher in infants (477/1,000), than1 - <5 years (168.2/1,000) as means, which represented 2.8 times more in infants.Conclusion Diarrhea is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five years, which need to pay more attention for PHC efforts and community cooperation, improvements of living situations and encouragement of Breast feeding.Key words : Gastroenteritis, Babylon, Under 5 years children, Incidence, Case fatality rate, Proportional mortality rate.

معدل انتشار الربو القصبي لدى طلاب المدارس الابتدائية في مدينه العمارة == Prevalence of Bronchial Asthma in Primary School Students in Amarah city

Author name: محمد سعيد ناجي
Supervisor name: عدنان الجبوري
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Respiratory System
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background Asthma is a syndrome characterized by airflow obstruction that varies markedly, both spontaneously and with Treatment. Asthma has become more common in both children and adults around the world in recent decades. Its prevalence has been dramatically increased during last few years. Still no definite asthma prevalence is specified in Iraq. Objective To disclose the prevalence of bronchial asthma among primary school students in Amarah city with distribution the prevalence of bronchial asthma between gender, regions and between age groups and the relationship between body mass index and effect on asthma prevalence.Method In prospective study conducted on primary school students in Al Amarah city, from first of November 2013 to 31st March 2014. Four schools was randomly chosen, two for boys and other for girls, from both urban and rural area. Official approval was obtained from the appropriate authorities prior to the study. A sample of 181 randomly selected students (74 girls and 107 boys) underwent spirometry study to measure peak expiratory flow rate.ResultsOf the 200 questionnaires that we sent out, 181 completed questionnaires were returned, the study population ranged in age from 6 to 15 years, was in primary grades 1 - 6 and included 107 boys (59.1%) and girls 74 ( 40.9%) . the boys : girls ratio (53.1%).The mean age for the study sample is 9 years. Only 130 students have normal 71.8%, 13 students have support diagnosis of asthma 7.2% and 38 students have asthmatic 21.0%. Airway status is significantly associated with area of residence (p 0.001). There is relationship between body mass indexes associated with asthma.Conclusions1. High body mass index and history of allergen exposure are common associated factor reported by asthmatic.2. Spirometry and other pulmonary function tests are still not used in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis asthmatic patient.3. Since are children in dynamic process of variable growth, further studies of this nature are required. Usually larger sample sizes in each age group needed to establish reference standard and represent them as percentile charts for that region for a given age, weight, height of boys

دراسة العلاقه بين ارتفاع ضغط الدم الشرياني ومرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن : دراسة مستندة الى المستشفى == Study of relation between systemic arterial hypertension and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Hospital Based Study

Author name: زينب مهاوي هادي
Supervisor name: محمد وهيب سلمان العبيدي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Thoracic
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن هو سبب رئيسي للوفاة في جميع انحاء العالم . ويسبب العديد من الامراض خارج الرئه مثل داء السكري وامراض القلب والاوعيه الدموية .الهدف من الدراسة : لتقييم العلاقة المتبادلة بين مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن وارتفاع ضغط الدم الشرياني طريقــــــــــــــة البحث : اجريت دراسة مقطعيه على مئة مريض مشخص مسبقا بالانسداد الرئوي المزمن في ( مستشفى بغداد التعليمي ) و( مستشفى البصرة التعليمي ) وبعمر (35سنة واكثر. المرضى المصابون بامراض الاضطرابات التنفسية والقلبية والغدد الصماء الاخرى والذين لديهم تاريخ بارتفاع ضغط الدم المشخص قبل مرض الانسداد الرئوي تم استثنائهم من هذه الدراسة .النتائـــــــــــج : الدراسةاجريت ل( 100) مريض تم تشخيصهم مسبقا بــمرض الانسداد الرئوي المــــــــــــــــــــــــزمن حيث تبين ان (23 ) مريضا لديهم تاريخ ايجابي لارتفاع ضغط الدم الشرياني تم تشخيصهم بعد تطور مرض الانسداد الرئوي ؛ و(77) مريضا لديهم تاريخ سلبي لارتفاع ضغط الدم الشرياني.وبعد قياس ضغط الدم لذوي التاريخ السلبي السابق في ارتفاع ضغط الدم الشرياني وجد ان (14) لديهم ضغط دم طبيعي و( 36 ) مريضا لديهم ارتفاع ضغط الدم الشرياني للمرحلة الثانية .كانت هناك علاقة بارزة بين زيادة حدة مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن وزيادة القراءة لضغط الدم. الاستــنــــــــــــــــتاج : توجد علاقة بارزة بين مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن وتطور ارتفاع ضغط الدم الشرياني.الكلمات الدالة : ارتفاع ضغط الدم الشرياني , مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن , ضغط الدم . | Background : Chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. And it cause various extrapulmonary comorbidities as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases .Aim of Study : To assess the correlation between COPD and systemic arterial hypertension .Method : Cross sectional study was conducted on 100 patients diagnosed previously as COPD in Baghdad teaching hospital and Basrah teaching hospital (age≥35 year), Patients with other chronic respiratory disorder and cardiac and endocrine diseases and who had history of systemic arterial hypertension diagnosed before COPD were excluded from this study.Results : The study done on 100 patients diagnosed previously with COPD and found 23 patients had positive history of systemic arterial hypertension diagnosed after COPD developed and 77 patients had negative history of systemic arterial hypertension. and after measured blood pressure for the patients with negative previous history of systemic arterial hypertension 14 patients found having normal reading and 36 patients had stage 2 systemic arterial hypertension . There were significant association between increase in severity of COPD and increase in blood pressure reading.Conclusion : There is significant association between COPD and development of systemic hypertension.Keyword : Systemic arterial hypertension , Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , blood pressure.

تقييم القصور الكلوي عند مرضى الانسداد الرئوي المزمن == Assessment of renal impairment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Author name: مروة حمدي صالح
Supervisor name: محمد وهيب سلمان العبيدي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Respiratory System
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الخلفية : مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن هو احد الاسباب الرئيسية للمراضة والوفيات في جميع انحاء العالم. من المتوقع ان يرتبط مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن بشكل كبير مع الاعتلال المشترك ، وقد افادت بعض الدراسات عن وجود اختلال كلوي في مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن في مجموعات مختارة من السكان.الهدف من الدراسة : لتقدير وتيرة الضعف الكلوي في عدد السكان من مرضى مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن.المرضى والطريقة : تم اجراء دراسة الحالة والضابطه للفتره من 1 يونيو 2017 حتى نهاية ابريل 2018 في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي. اجريت الدراسه على 100 شخص تم تصنيفهم الى مجموعتين : مجموعة مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن 50) مريضا يعانون من مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن) والمجموعة الضابطة (50 شخص دون مرض طبي مزمن)في البداية تم تاكيد تشخيص مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن وتقييمه للتدريج حسب التاريخ والفحص السريري وقياس التنفس. وقد تم تقدير معدل الترشيح الكبيبي وتم تصنيف المرضى وفقا لوظيفة الكلى لديهم وظيفة الكلى المستقرة ، اختلال وظائف الكلى المخفي واختلال وظائف الكلى العلني.النتائج : في مجموعة مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن ، كان متوسط قيمة نيتروجين اليوريا في الدم هي 44±19.4 ، وكان متوسط تركيز الكرياتينين في المصل 1.25 ± 0.53 وكان متوسط معدل الترشيح الكبيبي التقديري 67.6 ± 27.5 في المجموعه الضابطه, وان متوسط قيمة قيمة نيتروجين اليوريا في الدم هي 28.5± 5.8 ، وكان متوسط تركيز الكرياتينين في المصل 0.7 ± 0.1 وكان متوسط معدل الترشيح الكبيبي هو 97.3 ± 16.8 ( قيمة بي (<0,001) للجميع مقارنة مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن) . وجد ان معدلات انتشار كل من : وظيفة الكلى مستقرة ، خلل وظيفي كلوي مخفي واختلال وظيفي كلوي علني في مجموعة مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن هي 29 ٪ ، 16 ٪ و26 ٪ على التوالي. كان معدل الانتشار العام للضعف الكلوي ) معدل الترشيح الكبيبي اقل من 60مل /دقيقه/1.73م2 )يساوي 42٪ في مجموعة مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن و2 ٪ في المجموعة الضابطة ( قيمة بي<0.001) كان هنالك ارتباط احصائي لمرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن مع كلا من الخلل وظيفي المخفي والعلني.للكلى.وقد وجد ان العمر ، وحالة التدخين العلبه/ العام ، ومدة المرض وانخفاض متوسط حجم الزفير القسري ارتبطت بشكل كبير مع الخلل الكلوي العلني.الاستنتاجات : هنالك ارتباط ملحوظ بين زيادة شدة مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن وارتفاع اليوريا في الدم، كرياتينين المصل ونقصان معدل الترشيح الكبيبي. | Background : Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. COPD is expected to be significantly associated with comorbidity, and some studies have reported renal impairments in COPD subjects in selected populationsAim of the study : To estimate the frequency of renal impairment in a population of COPD patients Patients and method : A case control study carried out from the 1st of Jun. 2017 to the end of April 2018 in Baghdad teaching hospital. This study was conducted on 100 persons who were classified into two groups : case group (50 patients with COPD) and control group (50 persons healthy without chronic medical illness). First, the diagnosis of COPD was confirmed and evaluated for staging by history, clinical examination and spirometry. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated and the patients were categorized according to their renal function as having stable renal function, concealed renal dysfunction and overt renal dysfunction. Results : in the COPD group, the mean Blood Urea Nitrogen value was 44±19.4, the mean serum creatinine concentration was 1.25 ±0.53 and the mean estimated GFR was 67.6±27.5.In the control group, the mean BUN value was 28.5±5.8, the mean serum creatinine concentration was 0.7 ±0.1 and the mean estimated GFR was 97.3±16.8 (P<0.001) for all in comparison with the COPD). The prevalence of stable renal function, concealed renal dysfunction and overt renal dysfunction in COPD group was 29%, 16% and 26% respectively.The overall prevalence of renal impairment (GFR<60ml/min/1.73 m2) was 42% in COPD group and 2% in control group (P<0.001).Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was significantly associated with both concealed and overt renal dysfunction. Age, Pack/year, duration of disease and decrease of FEV1 were significantly associated with overt renal dysfunction(GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 with elevated blood urea and serum creatinine). Conclusions : there is significant association between increased COPD severity and elevated blood urea, serum creatinine and reduced glomerular filtration rate.

تقييم مستوى مصل حمض البوليك لمرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن وعلاقته بشدة المرض وتكرار الانتكاسات : دراسة الحالات والشواهد == ASSESSMENT OF SERUM URIC ACID LEVEL IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND ITS RELATION TO DISEASE SEVERITY AND EXACERBATION FREQUENCY (Case - Control Study

Author name: الاء عبد الجبار
Supervisor name: عدنان محمد الجبوري
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Thoracic
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major contributor to morbidity worldwide,and lead to damage lung tissue and so lead to reduce oxygen intake resulting in tissue hypoxia.Tissue hypoxia induces the degradation of adenosine triphosphate, resulting in production of serum uric acid.Identification of prognostic biomarker for COPD as serum uric acid(sUA) may aid in improving survival .Objective of the study : Evaluate role of hyperuricemia in disease severity and exacerbation frequency in COPD patients.Method : Case - control study was conducted from 1st of December 2017 to 1st of June 2018, on 80 subjects in Baghdad teaching hospital\medical city, 40 subjects with COPD, other 40 subjects are healthy persons consider as control, all >40 years old<70 .Serum uric acid level measured for all study sample.Excluded from this study those with Hx of Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Malignancy, Cardiac disease, Gout and persons on drugs affect sUA level.Results : The mean age for COPD was 61.9 while for control was 49.3 years.Serum utic acid higher in male than female in both group. In COPD cases there are higher level of serum uric acid compared to control and COPD patients had 3.16 time more risk to developed high serum uric acid than persons without disease also there was a significant statistical association between mean sUA and duration and degree of COPD (P value<0.05).Conclusion : Patients with COPD have higher serum uric acid level than control group, which tend to increase with increase in duration and severity of disease.

اهمية حالة استخدام جهاز الاستنشاق في السيطرة على الربو عند البالغين == Importance of inhaler device use in the control of asthma in adult

Author name: حواء خالد علوان
Supervisor name: مصطفى نعمة عبد علي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Respiratory System
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الخلفية : يعتبر الربو من الامراض المزمنة العرضية للممرات الهوائية التي ينظر اليها بشكل افضل على انها متلازمة. في عام 1997 ، شمل المعهد الوطني للقلب والرئة والدم السمات التالية كجزء لا يتجزا من تعريف نوبات الربو المتكررة من الاعراض التنفسية ؛ انسداد تدفق الهواء المتغير الذي غالبا ما يكون قابلا للعكس ، اما بشكل عفوي او مع العلاج ؛ وجود تفاعل فرط مجرى الهواء. والاهم من ذلك ، التهاب المسالك الهوائية المزمن الذي تلعب فيه العديد من الخلايا والعناصر الخلوية دورا ، على وجه الخصوص ، الخلايا البدينة ، الحمضات ، اللمفاويات التائية ، الضامة ، العدلات ، والخلايا الظهارية.الهدف من الدراسة : لتقييم تقنية الاستنشاق المريض الربوالمرضى والطريقة : اجريت دراسة مقطعية مستعرضة في وحدة الامراض التنفسية في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي من 1 يوليو 2017 حتى نهاية فبراير 2018. واشتملت على 400 بالغ يعانون من الربو المستمر لمدة 6 اشهر على الاقل ، ووفقا للمبادرة العالمية لالمعايير الربو وادرجت في هذه الدراسة.النتائج : كانت اخطاء اعداد الجهاز موجودة في 47.2 ٪ من مرضى الربو ، وكان الفشل في الزفير قبل الاستنشاق في 80.2 ٪ من المرضى ، وزفير اثناء الاستنشاق كان موجودا في 10 ٪ من المرضى ، كان الوقت قصير للاستنشاق في 51.7 ٪ من المرضى ، والفشل في ان تحبس الانفاس لمدة 5 - 10 ثواني في 68٪ من المرضى ، ولم يكن الشطف بالماء بعد الاستنشاق موجودا في 85.5٪ من المرضى وكان التكرار اكثر من الموصى به في 22.8٪ من مرضى الربو . وجد ان هنالك ارتباط مهم للغاية بين المرضى الاصغر سنا ومسبار التركيز واجهزة الاستنشاق المقننة الجرعة.الاستنتاجات : هناك خطا في استخدام تقنية علاج الاستنشاق الربو. | Background : Asthma is a chronic, episodic disease of the airways that is best viewed as a syndrome. In 1997, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute included the following features as integral to the definition of asthma recurrent episodes of respiratory symptoms; variable airflow obstruction that is often reversible, either spontaneously or with treatment; presence of airway hyper reactivity; and, importantly, chronic airway inflammation in which many cells and cellular elements play a role, in particular, mast cells, eosinophils, T lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial cells.Aim of the study : To assess the asthmatic patient's inhaler use technique,any error if present Any effect on asthma control from use technique error or type of inhaler.Patients and method : A cross sectional study conducted in consulting respiratory unit in Baghdad teaching hospital from the 1st of July 2017 to the end of February 2018. In which 400 adults with persistent asthma for at least 6 months duration, and according to the Global Initiative for Asthma criteria were included in this study. Results : Device preparing errors was present in 47.2% of asthmatic patients, failure to exhale before inhalation was present in 80.2% of patients, exhalation during inhalation was present in 10% of patients, short inhalation time was present in 51.7% of patients, failure to hold breath for 5 - 10 seconds in 68% of patients, not rinsing mouth with water after inhalation was present in 85.5% of patients and repetition more than recommended was present in 22.8% of asthmatic patients. Highly significant association between younger age patients and MDI & spacer,Conclusions : There is error in using the asthmatic inhalers treatment technique

اثار العلاج الاشعاعي على اختبار وظيفة الغدة الدرقية في سرطان الراس والعنق == Effects of Radiotherapy on Thyroid Function Test in Head and Neck Cancers

Author name: زينة عماد عمران
Supervisor name: خضير جاسم صبيح الرواق
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Therapeutic Radiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Patients with head and neck cancers are often treated with external beam radiation therapy with or without surgery and / or chemotherapy. While radiation to the neck area may involve part or whole of thyroid gland ,the well - known side effect of hypothyroidism will subsequently ensue. Aim : to evaluate the risk of developing hypothyroidism after radiotherapy in patients with head & neck malignancies. Patients and methods : This is a prospective study of 40 patients of head and neck cancer, receiving radiotherapy in Baghdad center of radiotherapy from October 2017 to January 2018. TSH,T3 and T4 estimations were done at baseline and at 4 months following radiotherapy. Results : Before radiotherapy, all study patients showed normal T3, T4, and TSH levels with a mean of 1.88 ± 0.22, 123.92 ± 6.97, and 2.19 ± 0.67 respectively.After radiotherapy, all patients showed normal T3 and T4 with a mean of 1.8 ± 0.19 and 121.52 ± 8.86 respectively; while 12.5% of study patient showed elevated TSH level with a mean of 2.63 ± 1.44.The mean of TSH after radiotherapy was significantly higher than that before radiation (2.63 versus 2.19, P=0.044) while no statistical significant change in mean of T3 and T4 levels before and after radiation (P ≥ 0.05). The highest prevalence of elevated TSH level was seen in patients who had a history of surgery to head and neck (40%) with a significant association (P=0.047) between prevalence of elevated TSH level and past surgical history. There was no significant association (P ≥ 0.05) between prevalence of elevated TSH level and all other characteristics.Conclusions : The likelihood of thyroid dysfunction after radiation therapy is common and can initially manifested within 4 months and addition of surgery to radiation therapy can increase the risk of hypothyroidism by 40%.

المعارف والمواقف والممارسات المتعلقة باصابات وخز الابر بين العاملين في مجال الرعاية الصحية في بغداد == Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding needle stick injuries among health care workers in Baghdad

Author name: ميس علاء الدين علي
Supervisor name: سهير محمد محمود الجبوري
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Family Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Needle stick injuries are serious occupational hazards in thetransmission of a variety of bloodborne diseases, more than twenty pathogens canbe transmitted through NSI including hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and humanimmunodeficiency virus (AIDS) among healthcare workers.Objective : Determine the prevalence of needle stick injuries among healthcareworkers and its predisposing factors. Assess the knowledge, attitude and practice ofhealth care workers towards needle stick injuries.Methods : Cross - sectional descriptive study, a convenient sample of 300 health careworkers were selected from various hospitals and primary healthcare centers inBaghdad, Iraq. Data were collected by an anonymous questionnaire from Februaryto May 2018. The collected data was analyzed by using statistical package for thesocial sciences (SPSS version 24).Results : Among the studied sample, there were 218 (72.7%) nurse and 82 (27.3%)laboratory technician. Prevalence of needle stick injury among the health workerswas found to be 38.7%, which was higher in nurses (40.8% of nurses) compared to32.9% of laboratory technicians. The highest number of needle stick injuriesoccurred by recapping of needles (43.8%) followed by injuries during handling(25%) and (23.2%) injuries while withdrawing a blood. A high proportion (84.33%)of health care workers whom sustained needle stick injury had reported their Injury.The mean score of knowledge, attitude, and practice were 8.21, 7.07 and 7.19respectively. Nurses scored better than laboratory technicians. A considerable percentage of the participants (88.33%) were immunized against HBV.Conclusions : The study showed a high prevalence of NSIs among health care workers. The score of knowledge was high, acceptable responses were obtained in most attitude and practice statements, except for recapping of needles statements.Key Words : needle stick injury, sharp injuries, universal precautions,

نتائج فحص الدوبلر الملون لامراض الكلى المنتيه المزمنة ومقارنتها بنتائج الفحص النسيجي الخلوي == Significance of Doppler indices finding in renal parenchymal disease Correlated with histopathological findings

Author name: جنان حسين محمد
Supervisor name: طالب الزيدي | ليث احمد خلف
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diagnostic Radiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Renal Doppler ultrasound is increasingly used in assessment of renal parenchymal diseases as investigation and for evaluation of renovascular disease and allograft dysfunction. We compared intrarenal Doppler indices measurment to biopsy findings of Mesangial hypercellularity, Membranous glumerulopathy, Minimum change disease, Segmental glumeriolosclerosis, chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic rejection, acute rejection and interstitial nephritis in sample of 84 patient Patients and Method A study was conducted between 1st of Dec - 2016 to 1st of Oct - 2017 at radiological department of Al Shaheed Ghazi Hospital in the renal disease and transplantation center (Baghdad Medical city complex) on 84 patient who are suffering from renal disease manifestation in both native and transplanted kidneys. Doppler blood indices (Resistive index,Pulsatility index and Acceleration time) were measured at same day before renal biopsy. Renal biopsy finding and Doppler study indices were compared to asses' if there were a correlation between parenchymal renal changes and the Doppler indices changes. Aim of study to evaluate renal vascular Doppler indices (Resistive index , Pulsatility index and Acceleration time) as indicator of accuracy and prediction in renal parenchymal diseases,severity and grading Results RI, was significantly higher in patients group with renal diseases which in comparison to control group (0.70 ± 0.07vs. 0.55 ± 0.04),the accuracy was 72.9%,while P.I and AT show less significant changes P.I was (1.61 ± 0.25vs. 1.47 ± 0.06) and AT (0.086 ± 0.023vs. 0.024 ± 0.058). PI accuracy was 59.9 %and for AT was 54.2% .as consequence the mean value of RI was significantly differed among different renal pathologies (p=0.001) but the PI and AT were not differed significantly (p<0.05 for both).Conclusions Our results suggest that Renal Doppler indices ,as example (resistive index)was significantly increased in patients with renal parenchymal disease which confirmed by pathological examination and higher accuracy than other indices pulsatility index and acceleration time so we can use resistive index as good marker for parenchymal renal disorders while other indices can use as complimentary.

دراسة عن حالات التهاب الكبد الفيروسي ج عند مرضى التحال الدموي في وحدة غسيل الكلى في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي العراق == Hepatitis (C), virus infection among patients in Hemodialysis unit in Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Iraq, 2018

Author name: عادل عبد عنبر
Supervisor name: ايمان عدنان القصير
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Family Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Viral hepatitis C infection are important cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients, and it's prevalence varies considerably among different areas of the world. Patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis are at high risk for acquiring hepatitis C virus infection than the general population. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence rate and the possible associated factors responsible for hepatitis C viral infection among chronic hemodialysis patients in Baghdad.Iraq. 2018.Method : A cross - sectional study was carried out in hemodialysis unit in Baghdad Teaching Hospital for the period from 1st February to 30th April 2018. The study participants were all patients available during data collecting period. The participants were directly interviewed according to a special questionnaire designed for the purpose of the study. Data collected regarding patient's age, gender, duration of dialysis, number of sessions per week, history of blood transfusion, renal transplantation, previous surgery, history of tattoo, alcohol use, injecting drugs user, previous dialysis in another center, having diseases(Hypertension, Diabetes), and viral screen of all patients for hepatitis C and B viral infection. in addition of reviewing patient's medical records to confirm the laboratory results. Results : the total number of participants were 218 patients. The prevalence rate of Hepatitis C infection was 25.7%. male gender, age between 51 - 70 years, married and not worker patients were having higher prevalence rates of infection. Hemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus and dental procedures were more prone to Hepatitis C infection while blood transfusion and frequency of transfusion was not a significant factor.Conclusion : High prevalence of Hepatitis C virus in hemodialysis patients in Baghdad teaching Hospital in Hemodialysis unit. The hepatitis C virus infection was significantly associated with Duration of dialysis, previous dialysis in another center, Diabetes mellitus, dental procedures and creatinine level. That need to follow the universal precaution to minimize nosocomial infection particularly at the hemodialysis unit.

عسر شحميات الدم اعتلال المفاصل الصدفي الفعال : دراسة حالة ضابط == Dyslipidemia in Active Psoriatic Arthropathy Case Control Study

Author name: منار هشام صابر
Supervisor name: عبد اللطيف جاسم
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by scaly erythematous plaques on body surfaces. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a unique, clinically heterogeneous type of inflammatory arthritis associated with skin psoriasis.Atherogenic dyslipidemia comprises a triad of increased blood concentrations of small, dense low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), decreased high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, and increased triglycerides. Most recently, a relationship between psoriasis and increased risk of myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular (cardiovascular) disease has been reported.Objectives : This study aimed to shed the light on dyslipidemia in psoriatic arthropathy patients and to determine any association between lipid abnormalities and disease activity.Patients and Methods : This study is a case control study which was conducted on 84 patients in Rheumatology and Dermatology department/ Baghdad Teaching hospital and 90 healthy controls for 8 months' period from August 2017 to April 2018. All patients with confirmed cases of Psoriatic arthritis according to CASPAR criteria. Data collected and analyzed according to patient history and Physical examination were including age, gender, body mass index, education level, occupation, smoking status, disease duration and disease activity score ,presence or history of dactylitis and enthesitis, history of diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular diseases, and drug history of Disease - modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and (anti - TNF agents), lipid lowering drug ,use of fish oil with its duration . Laboratory parameters were also taken including ESR and lipid profile.Results : Total number of the patient in this study was 84 and controls were ninety.The mean age was (42.6)years, 51% were male . There was no significant difference in age, gender and BMI between patients and control. Cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL were significantly higher in patients compared to controls p value <0.001 . There was no significant difference in the (Cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL, and Atherogenic index) between low and moderate to high disease activity. There was direct significant correlation between cholesterol with TNFI duration p value (0.039 ) Conclusions Patients with psoriatic arthritis had elevated levels of cholesterol, TG, LDL and atherogenic index. There is a direct association between high level of cholesterol and the duration of TNF inhibitor treatment. The current study shows that, no relation between disease activity and lipidprofile abnormality

صلاحية معيار بروتين سي التفاعلي في تقييم شدة مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن : دراسة مستندة الى المستشفى == VALIDITY OF C - REACTIVE PROTEIN TITER IN ASSESSMENT OF SEVERITY CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (HOSPITAL STUDY BASE)

Author name: رشا مناور عبد
Supervisor name: محمد وهيب سلمان العبيدي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Thoracic
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) : is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world.C - Reactive Protein (CRP) : a biomarker of systemic inflammation and as an indicator of malnutrition or severity of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). An assessment the relationship between serum C - reactive protein (CRP) levels and well - known clinical parameters in severity of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) considering the impact of smoking behavior.Aim of study : To evaluate the interrelationship between C - reactive protein and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseMethodsWe studied (69) diagnosed COPD patients according to GOLDstages all patients didspirometry, body mass index andserum CRP titer levels were investigated in diseased COPD patients.Results : Patients sample, 72.5% male and 27.5% female, the ratio (3 to 1) of COPD included (75.4%) had positive CRP and (24.6%) had negative CRP. CRP titer levels were higher in severe COPD patients and there’s inversely relationship between Body Mass and the incidence of the C - Reactive Protein. There’s close relationship between cigarette smoking, body mass and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Conclusion : The circulating levels of the inflammatory marker CRP are significantly elevated in patients with COPD, supporting the view that COPD is in part an inflammatory disorder. This risk increase with increased severity of disease and cigarette smoking and this level elevated with decreasing body mass index.

قرحة الضغط قرحة الفراش في عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابيين باصابات الحبل الشوكي == Pressure Ulcers in A Sample of Iraqi Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

Author name: شهد عصام رؤوف
Supervisor name: خضير زغير معيوف البدري
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Pressure injury are most common preventable secondary complication of spinal cord injury and may lead to serious sequences include but not limited to infection , tissue loss and surgical intervention with all its complication in addition to psychological and financial burden on patients and their families.Aim of the studyTo determine the prevalence, grade, number and most common sites of pressure ulcer in people with spinal cord injury. Patients and method : This study carried out at Ibn Alkuff Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Hospital (Baghdad) during the period from 1st of November 2017 to the 1st of July 2018. A total sample of 100 Iraqi patients were included in this descriptive cross sectional study, 85 males (85%) and 15 females (15%), mean age of 31.7 ± 14.6 (range : 5 - 81) years, and the median duration since injuries was 8 months with an interquartile range of 4 - 24 months. Full history was taken and complete clinical examination was done for all patients. Pressure ulcer was diagnosed by physical examination and graded according to classification system for pressure ulcer by the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP). Special scale was included in this study to assess spinal cord injury impairment (American spinal injury association scale (ASIA).Results : Forty patients were having pressure ulcer. The sites of these ulcers were as following : 46.9% ulcers in the sacral region, 28.6% in the gluteal region, 8.2% in the thigh (lateral aspect), 6.1% in the heel and 10.2% ulcers in other sites. This study showed that pressure ulcers more frequent in ASIA score (A) followed by (B) and (C); (49.3%, 45.5% and 5.9%, respectively). The results showed no statistical significant association between age, gender, duration of spinal cord injury and causes of spinal cord injury in determining the presence of pressure ulcer (p=0.089, p=0.57, p=0.214 and p=0.57 respectively).Conclusions : Pressure ulcers are one of common secondary complication that occur in 40%of Iraqi patients with spinal cord injury with more frequency in ASIA scale A andB spinal cord injury especially in sacral area and most of them with one ulceronly.

دراسة عدوى التدرن الكامن في مرضى السكري البالغين == Study of latent tuberculosis infection in adult diabetic patients at Baghdad teaching hospital

Author name: شهد حامد مكي
Supervisor name: مصطفى نعمة عبد علي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Thoracic
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Latent TB is state of persistent immune response to stimulation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens without evidence of clinically manifested active TB. The WHO reports that 10% of TB cases around the world are linked to diabetes. The course of the infections is also more complicated in this patient group. One of the possible causes of this increased prevalence of infections is defects in immunity.Aim of the study : This study tested for relationship between LTBI and DM and attempted to determine if DM status influenced the result of LTBI. Materials and Methods : - The study was comparative case control with analytical elements.The data collection was carried out in medical clinic in Baghdad teaching hospital at Baghdad city, Iraq. The data collection was done between the 1stOctobar 2017 to 1st March 2018, two days weekly, four hours per day. Total sample was 102 participants, 51 diabetic patients and 51 non diabetic patients. Results : - Total of 102 patients were involved in the study. The age and body mass index (BMI) of patients of both groups was matched and there was a significant difference of the mean years of age of the patients with positive TST and those with negative TST, while no such significant difference was found between the BMI of the patients with positive TST and those with negative TST significant association was found between diabetic history and latent tuberculosis which identify by positive result of TST, while no association found between smoking history and educational level with latent tuberculosis.Conclusion : - This study show significant relation between DM and development of latent TB.

اثار نمط اللباس المختلفة على كثافة معادن العظم في الشابات الاصحاء == Effects of Different Dress Styles on Bone Mineral Density of Young Healthy Women

Author name: هاشم خالد كاظم
Supervisor name: محمد هادي العصامي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by reduction in the bone mass and disruption of bone architecture leading to impaired skeletal strength and increased susceptibility of fractures. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement by dual energy X - ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the most commonly used of all methods available for fracture risk assessment.Objective : To investigate the differences in BMD in veiled and unveiled Iraqi women in premenopausal age group.Patients and Methods : A total of 80 Iraqi women were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups. Group - 1 consisted of 40 cases with an open clothing style, while the 40 women in group - 2, preferred the covered clothing style. Women were questioned in terms of the risk factors for osteoporosis. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated and the BMD of lumbar spine and left hip was measured by DXA. Z scores were obtained.Results : In the lumbar spine, the mean BMD was measured 0.95 gm/cm2 in cases with Hijab clothing style while it was measured 1 gm/cm2 in cases with no Hijab clothing style (P = 0.038). In the left hip, the mean BMD was measured 0.86 gm/cm2 in cases with Hijab clothing style ,while it was measured 0.91gm/cm2 in cases with no Hijab clothing style (P = 0.12). Although adecrease in BMD values was observed in both regions with Hijab clothing style, only the change in the lumbar spine BMD measurements was statistically significant.Conclusions : These data are suggestive of widespread low BMD in Iraq especially in the veiled women with possible adverse effects of totally or near totally covering dress styles on bone mineralization in the long run.

تحليل نتائج ناظور القصبات المرن في وحدة الامراض الصدريه والتنفسيه في مستشفى الحسين ع التعليمي في محافظة كربلاء للسنتين 2016 - 2017 == Analysis of fiberoptic bronchoscopic findings in Al - Hussain teaching hospital in Karbalaa Governorate in 2016 - 2017

Author name: عمار عباس نعمة
Supervisor name: محمد وهيب سلمان العبيدي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Thoracic
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Fiber - Optic bronchoscopy is a safe and useful diagnostic andtherapeutic tool for the management of many pulmonary diseases.Aim of study : To analyse the outcome of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in respiratoryunit at Al - hussain teaching hospital in Karbalaa governorate in years 2016 - 2017.Patients and Methods : A retrospective study was done to find out the demographic profiles, indications, bronchoscopic findings, diagnosis and complications of the patients who underwent bronchoscopic examination. 105 patients underwent bronchoscopies in the respiratory unit in Al - hussain teaching hospital in Karbalaa governorate in 2016 - 2017.Results : Amongst the 105 patients where 54.3% of them was female and 45.7% was male, 61% of total number was non - smoker, 26.7% currently smoker and ex - smoker of 12.4 %.The highest percentage (30.5%) of partiptants fall to age group of 60 - 69 years followed by age group 0f 70 - 79 years (22.9%), 50 - 59 years (17.1%) and the remains fall to other age groups in lower percentages.Commonest indication of bronchoscopy was radiological opacity found in 79.05% of patients, followed by productive cough (11.34%) and hemoptysis (9.52%) as the second and third indications respectively.The most common finding on bronchoscopy was abnormal bronchial mucosa found in about 65.7% of patients. Malignancy was seen in 29.5% of the cases, while Tuberculosis seen in 17.1%.In the 105 patient the bronchoscopy done with neither death nor serious complications occurrence likes pneumothorax or cardiac arrest.Conclusion : Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is extremely useful in finding specific etiologies of various lung diseases.

التصورات والممارسات والمعتقدات التقليدية نحو اليرقان الولادي وادارته بين الامهات العراقيات في بغداد\ الكرخ == Perceptions, Practices and Traditional Beliefs toward Neonatal Jaundice and Its Management among Iraqi Mothers in Baghdad Al - Karkh 2018

Author name: ياسمين خالد يوسف
Supervisor name: علياء مكي حسن الصافي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Family Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common neonatal disorders worldwide. It is still a main cause of avoidable brain damage, physical and mental impairment, and probable death in newborns.Aim of the study : To assess mothers' perceptions toward neonatal jaundice. To assess mothers' practices and traditional beliefs toward neonatal jaundice. To identify the relationship between mothers' perceptions with their beliefs and their socio - demographic variables such as mothers' age, occupation, residence and level of education.Method : A cross - sectional study was conducted from February - May 2018, at postnatal care clinics in ten primary health care centers in Baghdad AL - Karkh.Mothers who gave birth in less than one month before the study, using a structured questionnaire to gather data on socio - demographic character, there knowledge toward this condition, its causes, complication and their practices and traditional beliefs relating its management.Results : (61%) of the participants had acceptable level of perception toward NNJ and (30.8%) had good level of perception toward it..Two variables were found to have significant association toward their perception according to this condition : occupation status (working) (p - value 0.05) and those who had informed about the condition (p - value 0.013) Conclusion : There are still misconceptions on the risk factors, treatments and mothers practices and traditional beliefs towards this condition. Special educational programs are needed to increase the awareness of mothers

العلاقة بين جودة النوم وضغط الدم الحملي في بغداد, العراق,2018 == THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SLEEP QUALITY AND GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION IN BAGHDAD, Iraq, 2018

Author name: اندلس عادل محمود
Supervisor name: فارس حسن اللامي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Family Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are the most common medical complications of pregnancy and are an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The development of sleep disorder breathing in pregnancy is considered a consequence of necessary physiologic adaptations that occur in pregnancy, such as dramatic hormonal and subsequent physical changes. The objective of this study was to identify the role of sleep disorder as a risk factor of hypertension among a sample of pregnant women in Baghdad. Method : this case control study was conducted in two hospitals and one Primary health care center in Baghdad. The cases were pregnant women of >20 weeks of gestation with a diagnosis of gestational hypertension, and the controls were pregnant women of >20 weeks of gestation but free from hypertension. The controls to cases ratio was 2 : 1. All the participants were directly interviewed using questionnaire to gather data on socio - demographics, clinical and risk factors. The sleep quality was assessed using The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A score of ≥5 indicates poor sleep quality.Result : The total number of cases was 103 and the controls was 206. Poor sleep quality index was observed in 58 (56.3 %) of the cases and 88 (42.7%) of the controls (P=0.024 OR 1.728, 95%CI 1.968 - 1.488).Two other variables were also found significant risk factors after logistic regression analysis : working status (employed) (P - value 0.025, OR 1.89, 95%CI 1.103 - 2.440) and increasing gravida (P - value 0.023, OR 1.330, 95%CI 1.177 - 1.501).Conclusions : Sleep disorder is an important risk factor of gestational hypertension. It is important to consider this association upon screening, prevention and treatment of gestational hypertension.

عنصر المغنسيوم في الدم مؤشر على مستوى شدة الربو القصبي والانتكاسات الحادة للمرضى == Evaluation of Serum Magnesium as Indicator of Asthma Severity in Stable Asthma and Acute Exacerbation

Author name: طاهر بلاش محمد
Supervisor name: محمد وهيب سلمان العبيدي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Thoracic
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by marked variability in airflow obstruction that is often reversible, either spontaneously or with treatment.Magnesium is the second most abundant intracellular cataion after potassium.Magnesium has been shown to relax bronchial smooth muscles and influence the function of respiratory muscles.Aim : To assess the serum magnesium levels in asthmatic patients during stable and exacerbating clinical condition and to compare serum magnesium values in asthmatic patient and healthy subjects.Patients and methods : 110 Subjects were enrolled, 70 patients diagnosed with asthma and 40 healthy individuals as a control group. The asthmatic patients were divided into : (I) stable asthma group (II) acute exacerbation asthma group.Blood had been taken from all subjects and serum magnesium measured by spectrometer.Results : Serum magnesium levels were significantly lower in asthmatic patients compared with healthy subjects.Conclusion : There is a significant association between lower serum magnesium level and asthma.
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