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دراسة بعض تاثيرات اللقاح المحضر من العزلة المحلية لبكتيريا Klebsiella pneumoniae == Study of Some Effects of Prepared Vaccine From Local Strain of The Klebsiella Pneumoniae

اسم المؤلف: ياسر عبد الجبار عبود السوداني
اسم المشرف: عصام فاضل علوان الجمیلي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - معهد الهندسة الوراثية والتقنيات الاحيائية - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم جمع خمسين عينة سريرية من قشع مرضى مصابين بذات الرئـــة. وذلك للمدة من تشرين الثاني 2013 ولغاية ايار 2013 من مستشفى ابن البلدي ومستشفى بغداد وذلك لعزل وتشخيص بكتريا Klebsiella pneumoniae التي تعد احدى العوامل المهمة المسببة لاصابات الرئة. واخضعت عينات | Fifty clinical samples collected from sputum of patients who suffered from pneumoniae in Ibn - Balady hospital and the hospital in Baghdad city during the period from November 2012 to May 2013 for the isolation and identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae, one of the important causative agents of infection occurs in the lungs. Sputum samples were subjects to the standard laboratory procedures including identification by biochemical test and VIETK system. The results showed 15 isolates were revealed as Klebsiella Spp, only 10 isolates represented K.pneumoniae, The isolates were examined to produce extracellular toxic complex (ETC) it was found that the isolate named K2 was the higher production. Two method for purification the extracellular toxic complex (ETC) were used, first Aqueous two phase systems, In this method polymer - salt aqueous two phase system was evaluated in crude extract of K. pneumoniae at varying concentration of Dextran T - 150 with 20% with polyvinyl pyrrolidone to final rate (1 : 1) (wt : wt) with 0.2M sodium sulphate. The results showed the best concentration dilution sample given as (4.25 : 0.75) with protein concentration (97.173 mg/ml) which contained ETC in the lower layer and the mice died within 4 hours, while the second method performed by using two step column chromatography, ion exchange DEAE - Cellulose and gel filtration (Sepharose - 4B). In the first step sample given lethal activity by injection to the mice after six hours with protein concentration (55mg/ml), More purification by the second step animal died after 3hours with contain protein (27.75mg/ml). Furthermore, the results of the extracellular toxic complex characterization proved that molecular weight was 39810 Dalton determined through Gel - filtration chromatography using Sepharose 6B gel. The LD50 value of purified toxin was calculated, and the result was (6.52 mg/ml) of toxin.This quantity was found effective to cause killing of 50% of the total toxin treated animals. The biological effect of purified toxin of K. pneumoniae K2 have been examined in vivo by injection of dose (0.5 ml) of purified ETC toxin that contain (10.875 mg/ml ) protein. The final part of the study involved the histopathological changes were noted, abundant mononuclear infiltrate of inflammatory cells with necrosis of lung parenchyma. The second group of mice injected with (0.05 ml of ETC) that contain protein (1.085mg/ml) represented as sub lethal dose Histopathological changes were noted showing near of the normal appearance of alveoli and alveolar space, with presence of congestion of blood vessels. The third group of mice inject with (0.5 ml from Tris - base buffer only) represented control showed normal alveoli and alveolar space with presence of bronchial. In the immunological test the sample ETC examined with ELISA and given IgG titer (189.68+50.70 ng/ml) compared with control (46.78+12.45). This titer of IgG tested with Double immune diffusion assay and gave precipitation line with antigen compared with control.

الكشف عن الرز المحور وراثيا باستخدام انواع مختلفة من التفاعل الانزيمي المتسلسل PCR == Detection of Genetically Modified Rice By Different Type of PCR

اسم المؤلف: ياسمين ابراهيم فرحان
اسم المشرف: امنة نعمة الثويني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - معهد الهندسة الوراثية والتقنيات الاحيائية - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In recent years, foods produced by genetic engineering technology have been on the world food markets. The biosafety aspects, regulations, and labeling for these foods are still contentious issues in most countries. Thus detection and quantificationof GMOs play crucial role for developing regulations on GM foods.In this study, eighty six non - labeled rice samples from different locals and exported market were analyzed to detect the genetic modification using a DNA based detectionvmethods as, conventional Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Real time PCR (RTPCR).The DNA rice samples were extracted by manual C - hexadecyl - Trimethyl - Ammonium - Bromide (CTAB) method and wizard kit method. The result revealed that DNA yield by the two methods is comparable. Rice DNA tends to be of a higher concentration when purified with the CTAB method; however, this particular DNA is more easily to amplify, the optical density (OD) was recorded 1.70 - 1.98 and the concentration of DNA quantified by fluorometer DNA rice samples, ranged from 11 to 50.5 ?g/?l. The DNA rice sample has also been used successfully with the Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit, and showed varieties in quality, the OD was recorded 1.65 - 1.95, and the concentration between 4.7 - 43.8 ?g/?l.The rice specific gene (sps gene) was detected by PCR. The results demonstrate that the purity of the extracted DNA in all tested rice samples was sufficiently high for a sensitive PCR analysis and the primer of detected gene appeared clearly at 251pb.Three genes; CaMV 35S promoter, NOS terminator, and insecticide resistant gene Cry1Ac were used to detect of GM rice by PCR, and Real time PCR using oligonucleotide sets targeting to novel genes. The result showed that there was no positive result reaction with conventional PCR, while the outcome of gradient PCR revealed a positive reaction in one sample (Uncle Bens brown) for CaMV35S promoter only. Gradient PCR with 12 replicons for each sample was used for qualitative detection of CaMV35S promoter gene, after optimization of melting temperature and cycles run (45 cycles) , the results appeared positive in the last three grades (63.9, 64.6, 64.9) for CaMV35S promoter, but NOS terminator, and CryIAc were recorded negative results.The result of Real - Time PCR clarified that the CaMV35S promoter specific primer showed strong amplification with Ct, and Tm values were reached into 33.73, 38.63 and 61.55, 62.92 in two samples Uncle Bens brown and Himalayan brown, respectively, whereas NOS terminator gave positive results in four samples Maxims, Laasturiana, Carolin white and Mahatma, and the values Ct and Tm reached to30.87, 30.31, 30.54, 33.75 and 64.53, 64.61, 62.62, 63.87 respectively in comparison with the positive control, while CryI Ac which did not show any positive signal.It was concluded that using molecular methods like Real - time PCR will be useful tool for detecting GM rice such as a part of the approval detection processes because of the rarity of data concerning consumption of GM rice in Iraq.

تاثير الاصابة بداء المقوسات الكوندية على المستويات الهورمونية والمدورات الخلوية خلال فترة بلوغ الانسان في محافظة بغداد == The Effect of Toxoplasmosis On Hormonal And Cytokines Levels During Human Maturity In Baghdad Province

اسم المؤلف: ياسمين رياض عبد الكريم الخناق
اسم المشرف: صباح ناصر العلوجي | خولة حوري زغير
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: داء المقوسات الكونديه مرض عالمي الانتشار حيث يصاب معظم الاشخاص ذوي المناعة الجيدة بطفيلي المقوسات الكونديه وغالبا دون ظهور اعراض. ان الهدف الرئيسي لهذه الدراسه هو فهم الفروقات الجنسيه, الهرمونيه والمناعيه في سن البلوغ في الاشخاص الذين لديهم اجسام مضاده نو | Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide disease where most healthy, immunocompetent individuals infected by Toxoplasma are almost asymptomatic.The primary goal of this study is to perceive the hormonal and immunological sex - differences in puberty age who have positive anti - Toxoplasma IgG specific antibodies. The secondary goal is to inspect the endocrine - immune interaction in these persons by detecting the effect of testosterone and oestradiol hormones level on cellular immune response namely, IL - 4, IL - 12. From the first of November 2012 till the end of April 2013, 303 blood samples were collected from apparently healthy male and female students of Al - Erfan, Ignadeen and Algawahery schools and Baghdad University, Both sexes where divided into two age groups : group (A) which included subjects with age range (12 - 15) years old and group (B) which included subjects with age range (16 - 19) years old. All serum samples were tested for toxoplasmosis by using Latex agglutination test and ELISA anti - Toxoplasma IgG antibodies test. As well as, all serum samples were tested by using ELISA technique for detection of serum mean concentration of testosterone, oestradiol hormones, IL - 12 and IL - 4. The results revealed that 107/ 303 (35.31%) of the studied subjects showed seropositive toxoplasmosis, 60 males and 47 females of 107 positive samples showed high significant (p<0.01) differences in comparison to uninfected subjects. Males group B have recorded the highest percentage 34(41.46%) of the infection. Positive association was found between toxoplasmosis and testosterone level in asymptomatic toxoplasmosis cases compared to uninfected group. high mean concentration of testosterone in toxoplasmosis infected males recorded (15.03± 1.04 ng/ml) and (12.4± 0.91 ng/ml) in groups A and B respectively, in comparison to control group which recorded (8.03± 0.78) and (9.86± 0.83) in groups A and B respectively. Also toxoplasmosis infected females revealed high levels of testosterone hormone which represented (4.83± 0.06 ng/ml) and (2.55± 0.03 ng/ml) in groups A and B respectively, with a significant (p?0.05) differences between them, while the control group recorded (0.10± 0.02 ng/ml) and (0.90±0.03 ng/ml) in group A and B respectively.The present study showed a significant (P?0.05) decrease in the mean concentration of oestradiol E2 hormone in toxoplasmosis infected males and females in comparison with uninfected ones. E2 mean concentration was (41± 2.48 ng/ml) and (56± 2.91 ng/ml) for male groups A and B, respectively, in comparison to control group which recorded (67± 2.08 ng/ml) and (74± 2.42 ng/ml) in group A and B respectively, while it was (188 ± 12.48 ng/ml) and (196 ± 16.52 ng/ml) for female group A and B respectively, in comparison to control group which recorded (221±12.09 ng/ml) and (233± 15.63 ng/ml) for group A and B, respectively.The mean concentration of E2 hormone in toxoplasmosis infected females according to their menstrual cycle showed low levels in ovulation, late follicular and luteal phases, which represent (37.5 ± 2.59 ng/ml), (131 ± 16.7 ng/ml) and (76± 3.92 ng/ml) respectively, while the mean concentration of this hormone in uninfected females was (52.4± 2.88 ng/ml), (271.6± 21.04 ng/ml) and (196.2± 12.37 ng/ml) in the three phases of menstrual cycle. This study showed high significant (p?0.05) level of IL - 12 in both males and females with latent toxoplasmosis in comparison with free - toxoplasmosis groups. The mean concentration of IL - 12 in infected males was (4.75 ± 0.88 pg/ml) and (4.12 ± 0.69 pg/ml) in male groups A and B respectively, in comparison to control group which was (2.86± 0.53 pg/ml) and (2.46± 0.62 pg/ml) in groups A and B respectively, while it was (5.60 ± 0.12 pg/ml) and (6.04 ± 0.26 pg/ml) in infected female groups A and B respectively, in comparison to control group which recorded (3.32± 0.89 pg/ml) and (4.27± 0.15 pg/ml) in group A and B respectively. IL - 4 recorded quite elevated level in toxoplasmosis infected males (groups A and B) which was (15.09 ± 0.92 pg/ml) and (17.67 ± 0.78 pg/ml) respectively, in comparison to control group which recorded (13.89± 0.84 pg/ml) and (14.92± 0.69 pg/ml) in groups A and B respectively, Meanwhile the mean concentration of IL - 4 in toxoplasmosis infected females showed mild elevation in both groups A and B which was (15.14 ± 0.84 pg/ml) and (16.06 ± 1.13 pg/ml) respectively, in comparison with toxoplasmosis free subjects which recorded (16.53± 1.22 pg/ml) and (15.15 ± 0.97 pg/ml) with no significant differences between them. Interactions between the endocrine and immune systems may mediate sex differences in response to toxoplasmosis infection.

التحري عن التعبير الجيني لل FOXP3 وTGF - ?1 باستخدام الطرائق الجزيئية والمناعية في سرطان الرئة اللاصغير الخلية == Detection of FOXP3 Gene Expression And TGF - ?1 Using Molecular And Immunological Methods In Non - Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

اسم المؤلف: سهاد فيصل حاتم المقدادي
اسم المشرف: امنة نصيف جاسم | بان عباس عبد المجيد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Studies have linked FOXP3 and TGF - ? expression to the outcome of certain cancers. FOXP3 is a marker known to be expression in T - regulatory cells while TGF - ? is a secreted protein usually detected in the extra cellular matrix.The present study aimed at focusing on the identification of immune markers namely FOXP3 and TGF - ? with their expression patterns in lung cancer patients as a useful tool to predict disease progression.Also it is aimed to design molecular evaluation of m RNA expression of both FOXP3 and TGF - ? in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bronchial (brush) cells of patients with lung cancer and benign lesions, using qRT PCR; determining the T - reg level in the peripheral blood employing the High Rsolution Melting (HRM) as a novel method to detect Treg - specific demethylated region (TSDR); molecular DNA analysis of somatic mutation of exons 3, 6, 7 of FOXP3 in patients with lung cancer tissue and benign lesions and immunohistochemical (IHC) estimation of FOXP3 and TGF - ?1 in T - reg and cancer cells in formalin fixed paraffin embedded(FFPE)lung cancer tissue and benign lesions.Blood samples were collected from 30 patients with newly diagnosed, non small cell lung carcinoma and 30 patients with benign lesions.Patients were recruited at The Specialized Surgery Hospital and Oncology Teaching Hospital/Baghdad.Samples from 16 apparently healthy donors were used as control during the period from June 2012 to June 2013. The samples preservation with TRIzol reagent were subjected to molecular study including RNA and DNA extraction; reverse transcription; RT - PCR; HRM assay and DNA sequencing were done in the Molecular Oncology Unit/Guys and ST Thomas? s hospital/ King College/London/UK.The expression level of FOXP3 was high in 16(61.5%)in lung cancer cases.A significant difference was noticed between cancer cases from one side and benign lesions or healthy control on the other side p<0.05.Mean of FOXP3 expression(fold change)was significantly high(2.64±0.09)in cancer cases than in benign cases(1.32±0.04)and healthy control(1.38±0.06)with p<0.05.A significant association between high expression level and >60 age and squamous cell carcinoma in cancer cases P<0.05.The expression level of TGF - ? was high in 16(61.5%)in lung cancer cases.A significant difference was noticed between cancer cases from one side and benign lesions or healthy control on the other side p<0.05.Mean of TGF - ? expression (fold change) was significantly high (6.27±0.56) in cancer cases more than healthy control (2.87±0.09) with p<0.05.The association was significant between TGF - ? expression level (high and low) and age>60in cancer and benign groups (p<0.05), while no significant association with gender and cancer types were noticed.For FOXP3 mRNA expression in bronchial brush cells, the result showed no significant difference between the mean fold change of malignant(3.57 ± 0.06) and benign(4.02 ± 0.06) patients. The low expression was predominated both in cancer and benign cases. No significant differences were found between FOXP3 expression (high and low) and age; gender ; cancer types..According to FOXP3 T - reg specific demethylated region detection, results showed that the mean percentage of FOXP3demethylation in lung cancer patients (4.32 ± 0.04) was significantly higher than in benign lesions (3.22 ± 0.02) patients andhealthy controls(3.33±0.04). A positive correlation coefficient with high significant, was found in the group of cancer samples (R² = 0.6653;r = 0.69;P : 0.0017)on correlating percentage of Treg and demethylation of FOXP3 from one side with its m RNA expression on the other side.In benign lesion group was(R² = 0.5334;r= 0.59;p= 0.0027), While in the control group a positive correlation but a weak significance was found (R²= 0.2383;r=0.28;P=0.0437).FOXP3 gene sequencing revealed high frequency of missense mutations c.715 GTA>CTA : V 239 L in 17 (94.44%) in malignant sample and non cancerous cases7 (87.5%)without statistical differences. Missence mutations were also detected in exone 3 in 3(16.67%) cancer cases and in 1(12.5 %) benign lesion.No missense mutations could be detected in exon 6. Intronic mutations and silent mutation were variable in three exons without statistical differences. Many cases of adenocarcinoma have shown multiple mutations either of missense or Intronic types. Missense mutations of exon 7 were correlated significantly with an age of 60?years. Exon 3 mutations were significantly associated with adenocarcinoma. Positive FOXP3 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in tumor cells was associated with high missense mutations frequency 10(55.55%) in exon7, while in exone 3 was 2(11.11%). Negative FOXP3 IHC staining in the tumor cells was associated with seven missense mutations in exon7 and one (5.55%) in exon 3, in addition 4(23.53%) cases of the exon 7 missense mutations were associated with negative FOXP3 expression in lymphocytes.The result showed that FOXP3 by using IHC staining was positive in 21(70%) of nuclei of cancer cells, and 22(73.3%)in Treg infiltrates.The positive cancer cells and Treg infiltrates associated significantly with age>60 (p<0.05).No significant association was found withgender, cancer type, while there is association with moderate differentiation compared to poorly differentiation (p<0.05). High frequence of FOXP3 expression score 3 and high intensity were appeared in nuclear cancer cells compared to benign lesions cells, while Treg infiltrates with score 1 and high intensity was high frequency in malignant and benign.The result showed that TGF - ?1 by using IHC staining was positive in 25(83.3%) in the cancer cells and 21(70%) in stromal cells. No significant difference was noted between positive expression in malignant and benign lesions p>0.05.No significant association was noticed between positive cells expression and age, gender, cancer type and differentiation p>0.05. High frequency of TGF - ?1 expression score 3 and high intensity in malignant cells and benign. Also stromal cell expression score 3 and high intensity were predominated in malignant and benign lesions. The high and moderate intensity expression was more frequent in matrix surrounding cancer cells compared to non cancerous.Total agreement and kappa coefficient between FOXP3 and TGF - ?1were poor in malignant and benign epithelial cells and stroma, while the perfect agreement was between expression of TGF - ?1in stromal cells

تعدد الاشكال الوراثي للحركيات الخلوية وHLA - DQB1 في مرضى السل الرئوي == Genetic Polymorphisms of Cytokines And HLA - DQB1 In Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

اسم المؤلف: خلود كريم حسن
اسم المشرف: علي حسين ادحية
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study aimed to understand the correlation between serum level of nine cytokines (IL - 1?, IL - 1RA, IL - 2, IL - 4, IL - 6, IL - 10, IL - 12, IFN - ? and TNF - ?) and their genetic polymorphisms at 16 gene positions defined by sequence specific primer - polymerase chain reaction (SSP - PCR) in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients, and in addition HLA - DQB1 gene polymorphism was also defined by SSP - PCR to determine their role in susceptibility or resistance to M. tuberculosis. Finally, serum level of cortisol was also determined in the patients.Ninety four Iraqi Arabs PTB patients (70 males and 24 females) were enrolled in the study. They were referred to the Institute of Chest and Respiratory Diseases in Baghdad for diagnosis and treatment during the period May - October 2012. A control sample of 80 apparently healthy individuals was also included and matched patients for gender (60 males and 20 females) and ethnicity. The results are summarized in the following : 1. A significant increased serum level of IL - 1? (24.16 ± 8.82 vs. 3.20 ± 1.18 pg/ml), IL - 1RA (41.31 ± 6.64 vs. 16.85 ± 5.50 pg/ml), IL - 2 (17.63 ± 3.53 vs. 7.80 ± 1.10 pg/ml), IL - 4 (9.56 ± 2.60 vs. 3.81 ± 1.70 pg/ml), IL - 10 (34.49 ± 4.60 vs. 7.61 ± 1.70 pg/ml), IL - 12 (25.16 ± 5.85 vs. 7.70 ± 1.12 pg/ml) and TNF - ? (22.52 ± 4.41 vs. 4.97 ± 1.15 pg/ml) was recorded in PTB patients compared to controls. Also, Cortisol serum level was significantly increased in patients (215.47 ± 1.33 vs. 38.63 ± 1.74 ng/ml).2. Cytokine gene polymorphism analysis revealed that neither genotypes nor alleles of IL1A - 889, IL2 - 330, IL2+166, IL4 - 590, IL4 - 33, IL6+565, IL10 - 819, IL10 - 592, IL12B - 1188 and TNF - 238 genes showed a significant variation between PTB patients and controls. In contrast, the frequency of TT genotype of IL1RN gene at position mspal 11100 showed a significant (P = 0.004) increase in PTB patients compared to controls (65.9 vs. 43.7%). For IL4 - 1098, the frequency of TT genotype was also significantly (P = 0.048) increased inpatients (82.9 vs. 70.0%). At position - 174 of IL6 gene, a significant (P = 0.002) increased frequency of GG genotype was observed in patients (55.3 vs. 31.2%). For IL10 gene, only GG genotype at position IL10 - 1082 was observed with a significant (P = 0.045) increased frequency in patients (18.1 vs. 7.5%). At position - 308 of TNF gene, a significant (P = 6.9 x 10 - 5) decreased frequency of GG genotype was observed in patients (60.6 vs. 87.5%), while GA genotype was significantly (P = 1.3 x 10 - 4) increased (38.2 vs. 12.5%). Finally, the frequency of AA genotype of IFNG gene at position +874 demonstrated a significant (P = 0.006) increase in PTB patients (55.3%) compared to controls (33.7%).3. To determine the impact of cytokine genotypes on cytokines serum level, PTB patients and controls were distributed according to their serum level in the three genotypes of each cytokine. It was found that CC genotype of IL1RNmspal 11100 in patients was observed with the highest IL - 1RA level (52.16 ± 5.81 pg/ml) compared to TT (41.39 ± 3.23 pg/ml) or TC (38.10 ± 4.54 pg/ml) genotype. The TT genotype of IL2 at position - 330 also showed the highest level of IL - 2 (22.16 ± 4.31 pg/ml) compared to TG (17.59 ± 3.40 pg/ml) or GG (13.68 ± 3.53 pg/ml) genotype in patients. The IL4 - 1098 TT genotype showed the highest level of IL - 4 in patients (10.38 ± 2.21 pg/ml) compared to TG (6.09 ± 1.20 pg/ml) or GG (3.93 ± 0.80 pg/ml) genotype. For IL10 gene, the GG genotype of IL10 - 1082 recorded the highest level of IL - 10 (40.67 ± 2.96 pg/ml), which was significantly different from AA genotype (26.66 ± 5.65 pg/ml). At position - 308 of TNF gene, serum level of TNF - ? in GG genotype of patients demonstrated a significant increased mean compared to genotype GA (24.76 ± 1.30 vs. 19.15 ± 1.12 pg/ml). At position - 238, TNF GG genotype showed a significant increase level of TNF - ? (23.02 ± 2.91 pg/ml) in patients compared to AA genotype (17.18 ± 1.53 pg/ml) of patients. Finally, IFNG+874 AA genotype was observed with the highest IFN - ? level in patients (11.07 ± 1.12 pg/ml) compared to AT (7.97 ± 1.81 pg/ml)or TT (6.10 ± 2.20 pg/ml) genotype. In contrast, no such differences were observed in controls.4. Out of the five encountered HLA - DQB1 alleles, DQB1*03 showed a significant (P = 0.005) increased frequency in PTB patients compared to controls (71.3 vs. 50.0%). It was also observed that heterozygosity at such gene locus was significantly (P = 0.03) more frequent in patients than in controls (93.6 vs. 82.5%), while homozygosity was observed with a less percentage frequency in patients compared to controls (6.4 vs. 17.5%) and the difference was also significant (P = 0.03).Accordingly, it is possible to conclude that the cytokine profile was deviated in PTB patients, and such deviation was correlated with the genotypes of some cytokines, which might also together with HLA - DQB1polymorphism confer the individual an immunogenetic predisposition to develop M. tuberculosis infection.

تقييم اختبارات PCR وطرق الزرع الاعتيادية في التشخيص المبكر لتجرثم الدم لدى الاطفال في مستشفى حماية الاطفال التعليمي في مدينة الطب / بغداد == Evaluation of PCR And Culture Methods For The Early Diagnosis of Bacteremia In Children From Welfare Teaching Hospital In Medicine City /Baghdad

اسم المؤلف: زينب صالح هادي الزبيدي
اسم المشرف: محمد ابراهيم نادر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - معهد الهندسة الوراثية والتقنيات الاحيائية - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: استهدفت الدراسة الحالية تقييم الفحص المعتمد على تقنية PCR (polymerase chain reaction) (وطرق الزرع الاعتيادية في التشخيص المبكر لتسمم او تجرثم الدم في الاطفال.531 نماذج دم تم جمعها من الاطفال المرضى الذين اعمارهم اقل من 51 سنة ومشتبه بان لديهم اعراض تجرثم | The present study has been undertaken to evaluate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in the diagnosis of bacteremia in comparison with the conventional blood culture techniques in children (infant and newborn).Blood specimens were collected from 135 children under 12 years of age suspected with fever and sepsis, obtained from Welfare Teaching Hospital/Medical City/Baghdad, for the period from April/ 2013 till January/ 2014.Blood specimens were collected and processed for Blood culture and PCR. Blood culture was performed using blood culture bottles contain brain heart infusion broth and positive results were subcultured using three media (macConkey - , chocolate - and blood agar), Gram stain, biochemical tests and conformational test (Api staph and Api 20E). Polymerase chain reaction was done using the universal primer, gram positive specific primer, gram negative specific primer, 16s rRNA primer for coagulase negative staphylococci and LacZ primer for Enterobacteriaceae.Optimization trials was carried out to increase the sensitivity of the PCR by applying 57°C in the annealing step for Gram positive specific primer and Gram negative specific primer to detect Gram positive and negative bacteria in blood respectively.Blood specimens were positive for bacteria in 69 cases (51.1%) by blood culture and 74 cases (54.8%) by PCR out of a total of 135 specimens analyzed. PCR showed more sensitive results compared to blood culture for detection of neonatal bacteremia. current results were revealed the ability of PCR to recognize five pathogens which have been negative by culture, all have been coagulase negative Staphylococci.The most frequent bacteria isolated and detected by PCR and Blood culture methods were Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) (n = 60) followed by Enterobacter spp. (n = 8), E.coli (n = 5) and K.pneumoniae (n= 1). Interestingly, higher incidence rate (81.1%) were documented for the late onset sepsis (LOS) in our study compared to the early onset sepsis (EOS) (18.9%) for all bacteria. LacZ PCR efficiency have been 100% for detection of Enterobacteriaceae in blood.

تاثير انزيم الكلوكوسيل ترانسفيريز المنقى من العزلة المحلية Streptococcus mutans النمط C في انتاج الاضداد (IgY) من صفار بيض طيور الدجاج == The Effect of Glucosyltransferase Purified From Local Isolate Streptococcus Mutans (Serotype C) On Egg Yolk Antibodies (IgY) Generation In Layer Hens

اسم المؤلف: هاشم محمد زهراو الصبيحاوي
اسم المشرف: عصام فاضل علوان الجمیلي | فارس عبد الكريم
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: استهدفت الدراسة الحالية عزل وتشخيص بكتيريا Streptococcus mutans المسؤولة عن تنخر الاسنان البشري والتكلسات (plaque) واستخراج اضداد لها من صفار بيض الدجاج Yolk Immunoglobullin (IgY) لغرض استخدامها مستقبلا كمثبطات لنمو هذه البكتيريا الخطيرة ويمكن مزجها مع مع | The presented study aimed to isolate the main agent for dental caries and teeth plaque, Streptococcus mutans bacteria, and then production of specific antibodies against these harmful bacteria by the use of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY). S. mutans had been proposed as the main etiological agents of dental caries and high levels of mutans streptococci in the plaque is correlated with a higher risk for dental caries. Seventy five plaque samples were collected from human teeth. Forty two samples were considered to be positive bacterial isolates using MS - agar (Mitist Salivares agar). Thirty five isolates were considered belonging to the group Streptococci; among these isolates 29 isolates were expected to be belonging to mutans streptococci group according to ability of producing special kind of exopolysaccharides. Ten isolates were considered as S. mutans with a percentage of 41% depending on staining with triphenyltetrazolium chloride and tolerance with NaCl 4%, 6 isolates were classified as serotype C by using Lancefield grouping identification. These isolates were tested for production of extracellular Glucosyltransferase (GTF) through determination of their enzyme specific activity. All isolates were able to produce the enzyme; Streptococci isolate (H5) identified as Streptococcus mutans serotype C was selected as the best producible isolate for GTF with a specific activity of 2.6 U/mg. It was found that GTF of the chosen isolate (H5) was produced during the middle stationary phase (18 - 35 hr.) and its maximal productivity was reached at 22 hr. Purification of S. mutans serotype (C) H5 GTF were done by ammonium sulfate, ion - exchange chromatography (DEAE - Sephacel column), and gel - filtration chromatography using Sepharose 6B column. The best percent saturation use for precipitating GTF by ammonium sulfate was 20 - 40% with specific activity 3.4 U/mg. Two purified GTF enzymes (GTF - I and GTF - II) were detected with specific activity 8.3 U/mg, 35.5 U/mg after 22.6, and 96.1 fold of purification respectively with yield 17.2%. Purification S. mutans CA - GTF (H5) were done by 8M urea, ammonium sulfate, DEAE - Sephacel column and gel - filtration (sepharose 6B) column chromatography. The purified CA - GTF was detected with specific activity 18.1 U/mg after 24.5 fold of purification with yield 20.2%. Determination of purified GTF (GTF - I, GTF - II) and CA - GTF molecular weight was done by using gel - filtration chromatography (sepharose 6B) column with presence of standards proteins. It was found that the molecular weight of GTF - I, GTF - II and CA - GTF was 125.819, 112.201 and 84.139 dalton, respectively. The ability of GTF, CA - GTF and whole cell of S. mutans to stimulate the immune system of avian hens was tested. The intramuscular rout injection of three purified antigens (GTF, CA - GTF and whole cell) in the chest of experimental hens was done. IgG from egg yolk hens (IgY) was purified through the post immunization period (9 weeks) by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and protein content of IgY antibodies was estimated from egg yolk and serum. Each one milliliter of purified IgY egg yolk samples GTF, CA - GTF and Whole cell, protein contained 7.06, 6.97, 3.9 mg/ml, respectively while in serum protein content about2.6, 3.1 and 3.25 mg/ml, respectively. The Sodium dodecyle sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS - PAGE) of anti - GTF (IgY) indicated that purified IgY gave two bands; 47.863 and 34.673dalton which were considered to be IgY heavy and light chains respectively. the IgY - CA - GTF sample is the best in terms IgY specificity 34.07% while the two samples (GTF, Whole cell) performed 30.5% and 29.3% respectively, Igy - GTF the best in terms purity 49% followed IgY - CA - GTF 47% and IgY - whole cell 46.3%. The immunological specificity of the three IgY samples preparations was assessed by ELISA test and the best sample that produced high titration was IgY - GTF with concentration 3.5 mg/ml, followed by the IgY - CA - GTF and IgY - whole cell with concentration 3.28 and 3.1 mg/ml respectively. The IgY - GTF inhibited approximate 75% of the specific activity GTF, while IgY - CA - GTF inhibited 50% of the specific activity CA - GTF. A double immunodiffusion test for detection of the immune response between anti - GTF IgY and purified GTF, CA - GTF and Whole cell antigens were recorded. The immunological response of anti - GTF and anti - CA - GTF was indicated by the appearance of precipitation lines on the surface gel between anti - GTF and two antigens GTF and CA - GTF while in the anti - CA - GTF and anti whole cell only with homologues antigen. The effect of different concentration of inhibitor (Amoxicillin) and anti - GTF, anti - CA - GTF and anti - whole cell on the growth of S. mutans bacteria were tested using broth dilution method and diffusion method on solid medium. Anti - GTF and anti - CA - GTF had no effect on the growth of S. mutans(H5) serotype C, while anti - whole - cell and Amoxicillin were capable to inhibit the growth of bacteria at concentration 20µg/ml and 15µg/ml respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentrations in which these concentrations were noticed at 35µg/ml and 30 µg/ml respectively. The highest zone of inhibition (40 mm) was recognized with Amoxicillin at concentration of 50 µg/ml, followed by anti - whole cell with a zone of inhibition of 34 mm at concentration of 70 µg/ml.

التشخيص الجزيئي لبكتريا Streptococci الفمويه باستخدام جينات gtfs في بعض مرضى السكري المصابين بتسوس الاسنان == Molecular Identification of Oral Streptococci Using Gtfs Genes In Some Iraqi Diabetic Dental Caries Patients

اسم المؤلف: هالة كمال محسن القزاز
اسم المشرف: نورية عبد الحسين علي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذة الدراسة في معهد الهندسة الوراثية والتقنيات الاحيائية في جامعة بغداد خلال الفترة من تشرين الثاني 2012 الى ايار 2013، للكشف عن علاقة تسوس الاسنان بين مرضى السكري والمرضى غير المصابين بالسكري DDCP) و(NDCP اعتمادا على تسوس الاسنان من انواع Streptoco | The present study was carried out in Genetic Engineering and biotechnology Institute / University of Baghdad during the period from November, 2012 to May, 2013 to detect the relationship between diabetic and non - diabetic patients according to the dental caries occurrence and its causes by Streptococcus spp. (S. mutans, S. salivarius and S. oralis (which are isolated from oral cavity, In addition, this study was carried out to study the comparison between the traditional (bacterial culturing) and molecular diagnosis methods. The total number of the studied groups was 95 Iraqi patients (45 diabetic dental caries patients (DDCP) and 50 non - diabetic dental caries patients (NDCP) of both genders who their ages ranged from 18 - 65 years old. The patients, samples including saliva and buccal swabs that randomly collected from DDCP and NDCP who were reviewing Al - Alweyia Centers of Dental Caries and Diabetic Diseases in Al - Yarmook hospital in Baghdad city. The distribution of patients who have dental caries according to genders showed high significant differences at (p<0.01) between two genders (30 females, 15 males) for diabetic dental caries patients, while in non diabetic dental caries patients, there were significant differences at (p<0.05) between two genders (29 females, 21 males). The distribution of diabetic dental caries patients according to age showed high significant differences at (p<0.01) between two genders in age group of 36 - 50 years old, While low significant differences at (p<0.05) between two genders in age group of 20 - 35 years old and no significant differences between two genders in age group more than 50 years old, In another hand in non diabetic dental caries patients, there were no significant differences between two genders in all age groups. The results of samples (saliva and buccal swabs) culturing on mitis salivarius bacitracin agar media (MSBA) appeared that out of 95 bacterial cultures, 67 bacterial cultures were grown (32 bacterial cultures for diabetic dental caries patients and 35 bacterial cultures for non diabetic dental caries patients); S. mutans, S. salivarius, and S. oralis species were identified according to the results of microscopic examination, API kit 20 - strep, hemolysis on blood agar, motility test and catalase test. The molecular study focused on the analysis of DNA which extracted directly from saliva, buccal swabs and from the bacterial culture cells of S. mutans, S. salivares and S. oralis from both diabetic dental caries patients and non diabetic dental caries patients. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results revealed the presence of the product with 433, 544, and 374 bp which were related to gtfD (S. mutans), gtfK (S. salivarius) and gtfR (S. oralis) respectively in all samples (saliva, buccal swabs and bacterial culture). According to the presence of these three genes, there were high significant differences at (p<0.01) between diabetic dental caries patients and non diabetic dental caries patients, while there were no significant differences according to the percentage of presence of each gene between the three species of bacteria. Sequencing of the PCR products of the gtfs (gtfD, gtfK, and gtfR) genes region showed that nine samples gave acceptable results according to National center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) matching, while 3 samples gave no results; this may be due to an error in sequencing system. The sequencing analysis of gtfs gene (gtfD, gtfK and gtfR) revealed that in DDCP the highest percentage of recorded mutations was in the gtfR gene.While in non diabetic dental caries patients, the highest percentage of recorded mutations in the gtfK gene than gtfR genes. In gtfR gene all mutations were substitution for diabetic dental caries patients and non diabetic dental caries patients. Nevertheless, in diabetic dental caries patients the mutations in gtfK and gtfD genes distributed between substitution and deletion mutations without recording any type of insertion mutation. But, in non diabetic dental caries patients, in gtfD all mutations were distributed between three types of mutations (substitution, insertion and deletion). The highest percentage of the effect of mutations in gtfs genes (gtfD, gtfR and gtfK) in diabetic dental caries patients were silent and missense mutation's than the frameshift mutations. on the other hand, the highest percentage of the effect of mutations in gtfs genes (gtfD, gtfR and gtfK) in non diabetic dental caries patients was missense mutations as compared with the other two types of silent and frameshift mutations

دراسة تاثير ضوء الليزر الثنائي الصمام (632 نانومتر) على بكتريا المكورات العنقودية الذهبية بوجـود المثلين الازرق كمتحسس ضوئي == Study of Photodynamic Effect of (632 nm) Laser Diode Light On Staphylococcus Aureus Using Methylene Blue As A Photosensitizer

اسم المؤلف: ضياء خليل اسماعيل
اسم المشرف: نورية عبد الحسين علي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: شملت الدراسة ثمان وسبعين عزلة من بكتريا المكورات العنقودية الذهبية عزلت من مئة وعشرين عينة تم الحصول عليها من عينات حروق وجروح قيحية وتجرثم الدم ومن مرضى يعانون من التهابات المجاري البولية, ومن اكثر من مستشفى للفترة من تشرين الثاني‏ / لغاية اذار/ 2014.تم | Seventy eight isolates of S. aureus bacteria were obtained from one hundred and twenty samples which were collected from different body sites and lesions (urine, blood and purulent wounds and burns) of patients from both sexes during the period November - 2013 to March - 2014. Methicilline sensitivity test (5µg MET disc) showed the appearance of methicillin - resistant in thirty seven Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Following exposure to laser light with a wavelength of 632 nanometer in the presence of Methylene blue at a concentration of 300µM at various exposure times (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 15min), the results showed that the maximum decrease in viable colony counts ranging approximately from (6.9 to 3.8) log10 CFU /ml. Highly significant reduction in the viable count was achieved at 10, 12, 15 min exposure times, and 99% killing of cells were obtained when Photosensitisation of S. aureus using diode laser light at an energy density at 458.6 watt/cm2 for 15 mints. While in their exposure to the laser light in the absence of the dye or the dye in the absence of the laser light presented no significant effect on the viability of the S. aureus isolates. Both of phenotypic and genotypic investigation of the changes in virulence factors and the antibiotic - resistance were evaluated before and after irradiation with laser light.Results of photosensitization susceptibility tests showed large variations in the susceptibility, the isolates with resistant to methicillin before laser irradiation, become sensitive to it with percentage of 21.6%; in contrast the isolates with sensitive to vancomycine become resistant to it with percentage of 32.43%.On the other hand, the isolates that were resistant to Cefotaxime before laser irradiation become within the sensitivity range after laser irradiation with percentage of 51.35%, and also there were isolates within the sensitivity range before laser, become sensitive to Ciprofloxacin with percentage of 27.02% after irradiation. And the isolates of the S. aureus with resistant to Norfloxacin before laser irradiation, become sensitive to it with percentage of 16.2%. Also resulted in decrease the activity of ? - haemolysis, with 33 (90.3%) isolates of S. aureus in comparison to control as shown in blood agar method assay. In contrast had no effect on thermonuclease enzyme after irradiation.Detection of three genes represented in MRSA isolates by a confirmatory test was carried out using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The results of the PCR amplification of mecA gene noted that it was present in 27 (72.2%) S. aureus isolates, While hlb gene detected 17(46%) isolates of 37 samples of S. aureus isolates, 14 of 17 hlb - positive S. aureus isolates(82.3%) were showed reduction in toxin production after exposure to laser light, whereas no altered or deficiency in thermonuclease gene (nuc).

علاقه بعض طرز الجين كالبين - 10 مع حدوث مرض السكري من النوع الثاني في العراق == Association of Some Calpain - 10 Gene Polymorphisms With The Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: مياسة مثنى خالد
اسم المشرف: اسماعيل عبد الرضا عبد الحسن
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسه الحاليه في معهد الهندسه الوراثيه والتقنيات الاحيائيه - جامعة بغداد خلال الفتره من كانون الثاني ولغاية حزيران - 2013 للكشف عن علاقة بعض الطرز الجين كالبين - 10 بحدوث مرض السكري من النوع الثاني في العراق. تم استخلاص الدنا من الدم الكلي باستخد | The present study was carried out in Genetic Engineering and biotechnology Institute - Baghdad University during a period from January to June, 2013, for detecting the association of some calpain - 10 gene polymorphisms with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iraq. Genomic DNA was isolated by using Geneaid DNA extraction kit from the whole blood; conventional PCR (SNP - 44 and Del/Ins - 19) and PCR - RFLP (SNP - 43 and SNP - 63) were used to detect the calpain10 variants by using specific primers and restriction enzymes. The study population consisted of 50 subjects with type 2 diabetes and 50 with normal fasting blood glucose (80 - 110 mg/dl). The type 2 diabetic subjects were recruited from the National Center for Diabetes treatment and Research. The non - diabetic control subjects were recruited from the same area as the comprising blood donors, healthy volunteers, or hospital /university staff members. Previous studies have detected a role for Calpain - 10 (CAPN10) polymorphisms in susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in many populations. This study aimed to evaluate possible associations between these polymorphisms in the CAPN10 gene (SNP - 44, SNP - 43, Del/Ins - 19, and SNP - 63) and T2DM incidence in Iraqi population. Enrichment of allele 1(2R) in Del/Ins - 19 and 2R/2R genotype were found in T2DM patients. While the alleles and genotypes distribution of SNP - 44, SNP - 43 and SNP - 63 were not significantly different between patient groups and non - diabetic control subjects. The genotype AA in SNP - 43 and genotype TT in SNP - 63 were not found neither in T2DM nor in control subjects. of the eight haplotypes detected, enrichment of both haplotype 112 defined by variants of SNP - 43, Del/Ins - 19, and SNP - 63 and haplotype 2112 defined by variants of SNP - 44, SNP - 43, Del/Ins - 19, and SNP - 63 were seen in patients. The distribution of the other haplotypes was comparable between patients and control subjects. The calpain10 haplotype combinations were also obtained, and the haplotype combinations 111/111 and 111/112; which are created by variants of SNP - 43, del/ins - 19 and SNP - 63 and; haplotype combinations 1111/2111, 1111/2112 and 1121 / 2222; created by SNP - 44, SNP - 43, del/ins - 19 and SNP - 63; were associated with increasing the risk of T2DM.

التاثيرات المضادة للاكسدة والسمية الخلوية لمركب اللكنان المنقى من بذور نبات جوزة الطيب == Antioxidant And Cytotoxic Effects of Lignan Purified From Myristica Fragrans Seeds

اسم المؤلف: شیماء عصام عبد الوهاب البرزنجي
اسم المشرف: عصام فاضل علوان الجمیلي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In this study, natural lignan dimer was isolated from nutmeg seeds (Myristica fragrans) using organic solvent, partially purified using liquid/liquid partiation, purified using anion exchanger and chemically characterized using Benedict’s Reagent, Fehling’s Reagent and Molish’s Reagent. Then, by the aid of UPLC - PDA - IT - TOF - MS System, the molecular weight (626.221 Dalton) and the molecular formula (C39H45O7) of this dimer were determined. After that, the free radical scavenging activities were studied using stable free radical compound 1, 1 - Diphenyl - 2 - Picryl - hydrazil (DPPH). Results showed that 100, 10, 1 and 0.1 ?g/ml of purified lignan had 76.7 %, 65%, 28% and 8% scavenging activity respectively, while the same concentrations of partial purified lignan had 44.3%, 18.5%, 11% and 0% scavenging activity respectively.MTT(3 - (dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl) - 2, 5 - diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was conducted to determined the IC50 for both purified and partial purified lignan using 4 different cell lines A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells), MCF7 (breast cancer cells), PC3(human prostate cancer cells), and HepG2(liver hepatocellular cancer cells), and to determine which cells type were be affected more by this natural lignan dimmer.The IC50 values for purified lignan were 85.17, 51.16, 108.4 and 60.21 ?g/ml while the IC50 values for partial purified one were 170.1, 84.14, 154.4 and 151.3 ?g/ml using A549, MCF - 7, PC - 3 and HePG2, respectively.The high content screening analysis (HCSA) and Cellomics Thermo Scientific maltiparametric Kits were used for the evaluation of cell - lignan interaction; 100, 50 and 25 ?g/ml of purified lignan caused 87.22, 69 and 53.36% reduction in MCF - 7cell count respectively and the same concentrations caused 98.1, 97.5 and 98.55% nuclear morphology changes. Results also revealed that these concentrations caused 7.7, 7.0 and 5.83% increase in MCF - 7 cells permeability respectively and they also caused 12.22, 11.15 and 0.2%decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential respectively, while these concentrations caused 11.12, 10.1 and 10% increase in Cytochrome C releasing from mitochondria to cytoplasim respectively.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction in MCF - 7 cells in the presence of 200, 100 and 50 ?g/ml of purified lignan caused 20, 11.48 and 9.61% ROS reduction respectively.MCF - 7 cell cycle was studied in the presence of 100, 50 and 25 ?g/ml of purified lignan, and results revealed that this compound blocked cell cycle at Sphase and the percentages of S - phase cells reduction were 74.33, 52.4 and 67%, respectively. This reduction was dose dependent while the same concentrations had no effect on MCF - 7 mitotic cells. Cell cycle arrest was detected immunofluorescently using BrdU antibodies (S - phase cell staining) and phosphor - Histone H3 antibodies (M - phase cells staining

التشخيس المبكر لداء السكري النوع الاول باستخدام مضاد حمض الكلوتاميك منزوع الكاربوكسيل ومضاد البيروكسيديز الدرقي == Early Detection of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Using Anti - Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase And Anti - Thyroid Peroxidase

اسم المؤلف: ريم محمد عبيد
اسم المشرف: منذر مصطفى فتحي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Markers have been described in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), There is a number of specific and non specific antigens have been identified. The major autoantigens involved in the destructive process of beta - cells leading to the development of type 1 diabetes are insulin hormone, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), tyrosine phosphatase enzyme or Insulinoma - associated Antigen - 2(IA - 2).This study was conducted to find the relationship between antibodies for this antigens (insulin, GAD and IA - 2) and T1DM which could be used for the early detection of T1DM in normal Iraqi population. To study the importance of anti - thyroid peroxidase (anti - TPO) as a marker for autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) in T1DM patients, and to find the relationship between T1DM and ATD.The study was carried out on 50 blood samples of men and 30 blood samples of women with age ranged from (20 - 60 years old), they were divided in to three groups : 1. Group 1 (20 men and 10 women) whom have fasting plasma glucose (FPG) above 180 mg/dL.2. Group 2 (20 men and 10 women) whom have FPG ranged from 120 - 180 mg/dL.3. Group 3 (10 men and 10 women) whom have FPG below 120 mg/dL.Blood samples were collected from all subjects, FPG and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured. The levels of insulin, anti - insulin, anti - GAD, anti - IA - 2 and anti - TPO antibodies were measured in the serum.The statistical analysis results showed no significant difference in the presence of antibodies, HbA1c and FPG between men and women groups, inspite of some simple differences between the two groups.A significant (p<0.05) elevation in the level of FPG and HbA1c was observed in diabetic patients group compared withnon diabetic group. Significant (p<0.05) decrease in the level of insulin of T1DM patients was noticed compared to non diabetic group. Significant (p<0.05) elevation in the level of (anti - insulin, anti - TPO) in T1DM patients compared with non diabetic group. Elevation in the level of (anti - GAD, anti - IA - 2) in the T1DM patients compared with non diabetic group.The results also showed that no positive results for (anti - insulin, anti - TPO) present in the non diabetic group. One positive result for anti - GAD and one positive result for anti - IA - 2 present in the non diabetic group, which indicate the importance of anti - GAD and anti - IA - 2 antibodies ssay in normal population that could be used as early detection of T1DM.

دراسة تشريحية مقارنة لبعض الانواع البرية من ذوات الفلقتين النامية في محافظة بغداد == Comparative Anatomy of Some Wild Dicots Spp. Grown In Baghdad Province

اسم المؤلف: زبيدة عبد اللطيف اسماعيل
اسم المشرف: علي حسين الموسوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present investigation dealt with comparative anatomical characters of 29 selected wild species that belongs to different families growing in different parts of Baghdad Province. These species are : 1. Brassica deflexa Boiss.2. Brassica rapa L.3. Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.4. Sinapis arvensis L.5. Sisymbrium irio L.6. Strigosella africana (L.) Boch.7. Stellaria media (L.)Vill.8. Atriplex nitens Schkuhr.9. Chenopodium album L.10. Chrysanthemum coronarium L.11. Lactuca serriola L.12. Sonchus oleraceus L.13. Medicago polymorpha L.14. Melilotus indicus (L.) ALL.15. Vicia sativa L.16. Erodium cicutarium(L.) L'H17. Geranium rotundifolium L.18. Lamium amplexicaule L.19. Malva parviflora L.20. Plantago lanceolata L.21. Polygonum aviculare L.22. Rumex dentatus L.23. Ranunculus muricatus L.II24. Veronica polita Fries.25. Astrodaucus leptocarpus (Hoghst.) H. Riedl26. Urtica urens L.27. Verbena officinalis L.28. Lippia nodiflora (L.) Rich.29. Tribulus terrestris L.Some of these species have been anatomically investigated for the first time.Anatomical characters might be useful for plant biologist for the identification of important wild plants as an additional character at global level. Comparative anatomical characters were used; such as characteristics of ordinary epidermal cells of stems and leaves and stomatal complexes. The epidermis possesses number of important diagnostic character that offer valuable clues for identification, like size, shape, in addition to indumentum of both stems and leaves. Venation system was investigated and compared. Cross sections of root were useful taxonomically especially the thickness of epidermis, cortex, phloem and xylem. The study observed presence of sclerenchyma tissues in the root cortex of some species. Cross sectioning of stems and petioles were also studied. Epidermis, cortex, pericycle, vascular bundle shapes and numbers, pith characters, presence of crystals and tannin filled cells were useful aid in distinguishing species. Vertical sections of leaf blades, shape and number of vascular bundles, thickness of palisade and spongy layers and other mesophyll characters were important taxonomically.ccording to some of these characters, species were divided into groups. This study concluded the presence of variations in characters and these were presented for the first time comparatively, so that, the anatomical characters were a good support to the exomorphological characters in the studied species. Field photographs of the different studied plants and sections of organs were put in addition to numerous tables in this work. The above results were discussed scientifically regarding mainly the environmental factors.

فعالية مستخلصات بعض الطحالب الكبيرة للفطريات الممرضة للنبات == Activity of Some Macro - Algae Extracts Against Phytopathogenic Fungi

اسم المؤلف: دنيا يوسف محمد يوسف
اسم المشرف: عبد اللطيف محمد جواد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية عزل وتشخيص طحالب كبيرة من بيئتين مائيتين محليتين مختلفتين. تم عزل ثلاث طحالب كبيرة هي Cladophora glomerata (N) وEnteromorpha rafsii من منطقه بحر النجف في محافظة النجف, في حين عزل Cladophora glomerata (R) من احد مبازل منطقة الراشدية ش | The present study includes isolation and identification of Macro - algae from two different environmental water bodies. Three Macro - algae were isolated, Cladophora glomerata (N) and Enteromorpha ralfsii from Baher Al - Najaf region in Holy Najaf city. In addition, C. glomerata (R) was isolated from Al - Rashdiya, north of Baghdad.Phytopathogenic fungi from soil and some infected fruits were also isolated. They were identified as Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani.Water and ethanol were used to extract each algae to evaluate their antifungal activity against isolated phytopathogenic fungi. Different concentrations of these algal extracts had been prepared which are (10, 25 and 50) mg/ml and the antagonistic activity against the isolated phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated, the hot and cold water extracts did not show any antagonistic activity against fungi. However, all these extracts were ignored in the future work for this study. Furthermore, the hot ethanolic extract was more efficient than these of cold ethanolic extracts. Results have been shown that there were significant differences when macro - algal ethanolic extract were used.C. glomerata (R), which isolated from Al - Rashdiya, was more efficient against tested fungi than the same alga what isolated from Baher Al - Najaf region. However, E. ralfsii extract was more efficient against tested fungi than C. glomerata (N). Percentage of inhibition against P. ultimum when hot ethanolic extract of E. ralfsii, C. glomerata(R) and C. glomerata(N) were (88.8, 83.3 and 63.3) respectively.However, results for cold ethanolic extract of the same algae were (63.3, 52.2 and 32.2) respectively when 50 mg/ml of algal extracts were used.Percentage of inhibition against R. solani when hot ethanolic extract of E. ralfsii, C.glomerata (R) and C.glomerata(N) were (94.4, 100 and 78.8) respectively.However, results for cold ethanolic extract of the same algae were (66.6, 64.4 and 48.8) respectively when 50 mg/ml was used. According to the difference in biological activities against those phytopathogenic fungi caused by the same species of macro - algae or different genera from different environments. Due to difference in biological activity of the same macro - algae species Physiochemical parameter for each environments obtained such as air and water temperature, Turbidity (NTU), Electrical Conductivity(EC)and Salinity%, Water pH, CA+2 concentration, Mg+2 concentration, Total Hardness and Total Alkalinity. Results indicated that soaked Cucumis sativus and Capsicum annum seeds in cold and hot ethanolic macro - algae extracts of (E. ralfsii, C. glomerata (R) and C.glomerata (N) for 24 hours were able to protect seed germination that have been grown in a Petri dish contaminated with P. ultimum and R. solani comparing with control. In addition, results indicated that spraying C. sativus and C. annum seedling with these algal extracts within two weeks old again protects these seedlings from the same phytopathogenic fungi either before or after 24 hr. However, results indicated that adding the algal extracts within two months age to the C. sativus and C. annum plants again protects these plants from the same phytopathogenic fungi comparing with control and fungicide treatment. Moreover, results indicated that the active chemical compounds in E. ralfsii was Tannins, Saponins and Flavonoids. While C. glomerata was contained Tannins, Saponins, Alkaloid and Phenols. Results indicated that both hot crud methanolic extract of C. glomerata (R) and E. ralfsii have a lot of active chemical compounds against micro - organisms by using the GC - Mass Spectrometry technology.

التحري عن بعض عوامل الضراوة للزائفة الزنجارية المعزولة من الحليب الخام والجبن الطري == Detection of Some Virulence Factors of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated From Raw Milk And Soft Cheese

اسم المؤلف: عبد الكریم كاظم عبد الحسین الحسب
اسم المشرف: علي حسن احمد الشمري
الموضوع العام: الطب البيطري
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: صحة الغذاء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب البيطري
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In order to detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in food - chain especially from Cows raw milk and soft cheese with its whey, this study was designed in some regions of Baghdad (College of Veterinary Medicine, Abu - Ghraib, Al - Sadrya & Al - Radwaniyah), in which a standard isolation methods were used with some modification processing by new, modern and rapid technology tools such as chromogenic medium CNP agar and Electronic rapid Microbact TM 24E panel identification system supported by standard color differential chart and online American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) Codes; aids in rapid and precise identification, differentiation, confirmation and enumeration of P. aeruginosa isolates from raw dairy samples; as well as, detection of biofilm producing versatile morphotypes with chameleon phenomenon and fruity odour; and demonstration the activity of food spoilage enzymes (protease, lipase & lecithinase) of isolates with thermo - stability and viability in different temperatures with bitty cream and ropy fermentation phenomenon. The results profile showed : 1. Isolation of 46 (76.7%) isolate of P. aeruginosa from a total of 60 Cow Dairy samples : 30 Raw Milk samples (pooled from milk cans and apparently healthy Cows with a history of mastitis cases) as 19 (31.7%) isolates from regions of College of Veterinary Medicine, Abu - Ghraib and Al - Sadrya (10 from each region); and 30 Soft Cheese with its Whey samples (pooled from unhygienic processed cheese and containers in unclean dirty environment and apparently carrier or diseased workers) as 27 (45%) isolates from regions of Abu - Ghraib, Al - Sadrya and Al - Radwaniyah (10 from each region). Isolation percentages of oxidase positive P. aeruginosa from selected Regions in Baghdad Province indicates significant differences among regions at a level (P?0.05), in which highest isolation percent of P. aeruginosa from Abu - Ghraib as 20 (33.4%) isolates (10 isolates from raw milk and 10 isolates from soft cheese) in accordance to 17 (28.4%) isolates from Al - Sadrya (9 isolates from raw milk and 8 isolates from soft cheese), 9 (15%)SUMMARYisolates from Al - Radwaniyah (9 isolates from soft cheese) without any isolate from College of Veterinary Medicine, which may indicate good hygienic measurements.2. Segregation of isolates into two Haemolytic Patterns : Livestock type origin, lysis only sheep blood (L - type) as 19 (41.30%) isolates from raw milk samples; and Zoonotic type lysis, both blood (Z - type) as 27 (58.70%) isolates from soft cheese with its whey as high prevalence due to critical processing chain, risky carrier individuals and contaminated environment or polluted water supply. This may indicate indirectly genetic diversity and host or cross individual tropism in haemolysins - phospholipases activity according to different types of samples, regions and hosts.3. The study revealed isolation and segregation of versatile morphotypes and five pigments with fruity odor (Chameleon phenomenon) with mucoid drippy due to alginate or small colonial variants smooth or rough or both especially in isolate code M7 from mastitic milk and isolate code C27 from contaminated soft cheese and its whey. Wrinkled - Corroded green morphotypes were more evident in blood agar due to secretion of siderophore pyoverdine in order to chelating iron for activation of isolate. Motility Pattern with TTC salts was evident in all isolates with three types of motility : swarming, swimming and twitching, that noticed obviously in M7 isolate.4. New technology biochemical identification panel system (Microbact TM 24E) confirm that isolates were P. aeruginosa at level (P?0.01) after online matching with standard Remel ATCC Octalcodes bank of P. aeruginosa, in which 5 octalcodes typical and atypical were documented, that indicate genetic diversity in biochemical reactions of isolates and their morphotypes, modified microbial gene sharing protocol of P. aeruginosa with other bacteria and highly Sensitivity and Specificity of the test panel.SUMMARY5. Detection and isolation of Biofilm producing isolates by five methods, in which microtiter plate assay was the most sensitive and realizable technique while Congo red agar test detect quantity and type of biofilm production through colour of colonies (black very strong and huge, gray strong, pink moderate and white fair or non - producer). Biofilm produced in most morphotypes with pellicles at liquid interphase and ropy viscous threads (sliminess) and bitty cream especially in isolate codes M7 and C27. Small colonial variants of some morphotypes can revert to mucoid drippy variants. M7 showed unusual ropy thread of 30 cm long.6. The results showed secretion of thermo and psychro stable and labile food spoilage enzymes (protease, lipase and lecithinase) from isolates, in which versatile morphotypes showed indirectly diverse genetic ability, this may indicate variation of thermal tolerance mechanisms (heat shock proteins and biofilms formation) in isolates in accordance to time and temperature of processing, that linked genetically with the quorum sense mechanisms of acyl homoserine lactone gene regulatory region (AHL) in P. aeruginosa isolates (Stress Hardening phenomenon).7. The results showed the genetic ability (indirectly) of some isolates to resist, tolerate and proliferate in acidic environment at pH 2 & 4 especially isolate M7 & C27, while intermediate to susceptible tolerance of pH were noticed in others. This may indicate the power of electromagnetic charged net field of complex polymeric matrix of alginate exopolysaccharide layers in protecting some isolates from adverse acidic environment due to quorum sensing behavior of M7 & C27.Therefore, it could be concluded from this study that P. aeruginosa was prevalent in food chain especially from Cows raw milk and soft cheese with its whey samples from some regions in Baghdad, and Biofilm producing isolates with their thermo and psychro stable enzymes complex system and their tolerance to acidic environment stressors were more dangerous thus, we recommend monitoring these products periodically for insurance of public health.

تقدير الظواهر الفمويه والعوامل المناعيه في اللعاب عند مرضى سرطان الغدد اللمفاويه قبل وبعد العلاج الكيميائي == Assessment of Oral Manifestations And Salivary Immunological Markers In Patients With Lymphoma Before And After Receiving Chemotherapy

اسم المؤلف: محمد حسن عبد الشهید
اسم المشرف: فواز داوود الاسود
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب الاسنان
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Lymphomas are group of diseases caused by malignant lymphocytes that accumulate in lymph nodes and caused the characteristics lymphadenopathy.Occasionally, they may spill over into blood or infiltrate organs outside the lymphoid tissue The major subdivision of lymphomas is into Hodgkin's lymphoma and non - Hodgkin's lymphoma and this is based on the histologicpresence of Reed - Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Aims of the study : The aims of this study were to determine the percentage of oral manifestations and identify the levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, interluekin - 6 and tumor necrosis factor - ? in lymphoma patients before the treatment and after receiving three cycles of chemotherapy in comparison with healthy control individuals.Subjects, materials and methods : The study included 25 patients( 15 male and 10 female ) with non - Hodgkin's lymphoma (B - cell type), 25 patients( 16 male and 9 female ) with Hodgkin's lymphoma and 25 ( 15 male and 10 female ) healthy control group with no signs and symptoms of any systemic disease and age, sex match with patient groups.Those patients were examined pre and post chemotherapy to see the oral manifestations and compared with healthy control group. Whole unstimulated saliva was collected to determine the level of salivaryimmunological markers which measured by Enzyme Link Immunosorbent Assay.IVResults : The percentage of oral manifestations was taste alteration in non - Hodgkin's lymphoma patients ( 36% ) and in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients ( 16% ) , followed by burning mouth syndrome ( 20% ) in non - Hodgkin's lymphoma patients and ( 16% ) in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients and lastly dry mouth was ( 12% ) in both non - Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma groups. In the present study there was no oral manifestations in both study groups before starting chemotherapy, and the mentioned oral manifestations incident after receiving chemotherapy regimens. The levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, interluekin - 6 and tumor necrosis factor - ? were significantly higher in pre - treatment patients in comparison with control group, and there was a significant decrease after chemotherapy treatment when compared to their base line levels in both study groups.Conclusions : The most frequent oral manifestations in lymphoma patients was taste alteration followed by burning mouth syndrome and dry mouth , and male patients affected more than females.The salivary immunological markers levels were higher in lymphomapatients than control, then these markers showed obvious decrease in patients after chemotherapy treatment

تاثير مستخلصات الشاي الاخضر على مسببات امراض انسجة الاسنان الرابطة (بكتريا البورفايروموناس اللثوية وبكتريا اجريجاتيباكتر اكتينومايستيمكومتانس) : دراسة مختبرية == Antibacterial Effects of Green Tea Extracts On Periodontal Pathogens (Aggregatibacter Ctinomycetemcomitans And Porphyromonas Gingivalis) (In Vitro Study)

اسم المؤلف: ميس جمال مجيد
اسم المشرف: سيف سهام سليم
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: امراض ما حول الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: المقدمة : الشاي الاخضرهو واحد من المشروبات العلاجية القديمة والشعبية المستهلكة في جميع انحاء العالم، وهو مشتق من ورقة للنبات "كاميليا سينينسيس", يمكن ان يحضر كمشروب، والذي يمكن ان يكون له العديد من الاثار الصحية الشاملة او "مستخلص" يمكن الحصول عليه من الاو | Background : Green Tea is one of the most ancient and popular therapeutic beverages consumed around the world, it is made from the leaf of the plant “Camellia sinensis”. It can be prepared as a drink, which can have many systemic health effects or an “extract” which can be made from the leaves to be used as medicine. Green tea is reported to contain thousands of bioactive ingredients including catechins, catechins found in the tea have shown promise for having antimicrobial effects.Aim of study : to test the effect of green tea extracts on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in comparison to 0.2% chlorohexidine gluconate and distilled water in vitro.Materials and Methods : plaque samples were collected from 20 patients with no signs of any systemic disease suffering from chronic periodontitis with probing pocket depth of at least 6 mm, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were isolated and diagnosed according to morphological characteristic and biochemical test. Green tea leaves were extracted by using water and alcohol. This study involved two experiments in vitro concerning the effects of green tea extracts on these bacteria in addition to analysis of the extracts to determine the concentrations of the catechins in each extract. The first experiments involved testing the sensitivity of A.a and P.g to different concentrations of the extracts in addition to chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% and distilled water using agar well diffusion method, the second experiment involved determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts that inhibits the bacterial growth and then determination of the minimum bactericidal concentration of the extract that was requires to kill the bacteria. The present study also involved laboratory analysis of green tea extracts using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results : Both green tea extracts were effective in inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans using agar well diffusion method, 90% and 100% concentrations of alcoholic extract showed larger inhibition zones than chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% with statistically significant difference, CHX showed higher inhibition zones than all aqueous extract concentrations.The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of alcoholic green tea extract that inhibit Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans growth was 60% and it was the same for Porphyromonous gingivalis.The MIC of aqueous green tea extract that inhibits Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans growth was 70% and MIC of aqueous green tea extract extract that inhibits Porphyromonous gingivalis was 80%.The MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) of alcoholic green tea extract that kills Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was 80%, the MBC of alcoholic green tea extract that kills Porphyromonous gingivalis was 90%, the MBC of aqueous green tea extract that kills Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans growth was 90%, which was also the same for Porphyromonous gingivalis.HPLC analysis of aqueous and alcoholic green tea extracts that were used in this study revealed that alcoholic extract contained higher concentration of EGCG while aqueous extract had higher content of catechin and epicatechin.Conclusion : green tea extracts were effective against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, alcoholic green tea extract showed inhibition ability more than the aqueous green tea extract and more than chlorhexidine gluconate and it showed bactericidal activity at 80%, 90% and 100% concentrations.

الطريقة السريرية للتنبؤ بكثافة العظام السخية في المنطقة الواقعة بين الضاحك الثاني والطاحن الاول في البالغين العراقيين اصحاب الاطباق الطبيعي == Clinical Method For Prediction of Alveolar Bone Mineral Density In The Area Between The 2Nd Premolar And 1St Molar In Iraqi Adults With Class I Occlusion

اسم المؤلف: مها علي حسن الجبوري
اسم المشرف: هديل علي حسين الهاشمي
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: تقويم الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية طب الاسنان - قسم تقويم الاسنان
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Orthodontic mini - implants are increasingly used in orthodontics and the bone density is a very important factor in stabilization and success of mini - implant.The aim of this study was to observe the relationship among maximum bite force; body mass index; face width, height; masseter muscle length, width and thickness; and bone density in an attempt to predict bone density from these variables to eliminate the need for CT scan which have a hazard on patient.Computed tomographic images were obtained for 70 patients (24 males and 46 females) with age range 18 - 30 years. The cortical and cancellous bone density was measured between maxillary and mandibular 2nd premolar and 1st molar at two levels from the alveolar crest (3 and 6 mm). Face height and width and masseter muscle length, width and thickness were measured from CT. Clinically; Maximum bite force was measured on first molar region unilaterally by a digital device. The sample was divided into two groups according to the body mass index into; normal and overweight.The results that were obtained showed that there were no significant differences in bone density or maximum bite force in both genders. Only the cortical bone density in maxilla in overweight group tended to be higher than normal body mass index group. The face width and height correlated significantly negatively with or maximum bite force which correlated significantly positively with cortical bone density and masseter muscle width.It was concluded that a prediction of cortical bone density of preselected areas can be made from maximum bite force, body mass index and inter - zygomatic width

التقييم النسيجي والميكانيكي للتكامل العظمي لزرعات التتانيوم بعد تحرير تصميم الجزء المسنن من الزراعة او طلائها بمادة بذور الكتان : دراسة تجريبية على الارانب == Histological And Mechanical Evaluation of The Osseointegration of Titanium Implants By The Modification of Thread Design And/Or Coating With Flaxseed (An Experimental Study On Rabbits)

اسم المؤلف: مصطفى هادي جواد
اسم المشرف: عذراء يحيى الحجازي | نبيل كاظم عبد الصاحب
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الانسجة الفموية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Dental implant surface technologies have been evolving rapidly to enhance a more rapid bone formation on their surface and hold a potential to increase the predictability of expedited implant therapy.Numerous surface modification approaches have been developed for all classes of dental implants to modulate biological responses and improve the osseointegration and primary stability. Hence, Implant threads should be designed to maximize the delivery of optimal favorable stresses while minimizing the amount of extreme adverse stresses to the bone implant interface. In addition, using of biomaterial coating of implant surface for the enhancement of bone formation has been achieved through the modulation of osteoblasts adhesion and spreading that induced better stability and more implant surface contact area.The aims of the study are : 1. Evaluation of titanium implant osseointegration by the modification of thread design and I or coating its surface by Flaxseed.2. Evaluate the new surface modification of titanium implant, histologically, mechanically and radiographically.Materials and methods : One hundred and twenty eight commercially pure titanium (CpTi) screws were implanted in rabbit tibiae. Implants were divided as follows : 1. Dual - threaded group (32 implants). 2. Single - threaded coated with grinded flaxseed group (32 implants).3. Single - threaded with central groove (32 implants).4. Single - threaded (control) group (32 implants).Histological, mechanical and radiographical analysis were performed for all implants after each healing periods (2,4,6 and 8) weeks.Results : 1. Dual - threaded implant illustrated the highest mean value in thread width and removal torque, and it showed mature bone at 8 weeks.2. Grooved implant illustrated close opposing threads. 3. Coated implant illustrated highest mean value in osteoblast cell count and showed a proliferating cartilage zone that later on degenerated and replaced by bone.Conclusion : The present results conclude that each modified implants shows a different benefits whether a modification of the implant surface mechanically (dual or grooved thread) or by coating the implants with Flaxseed.

الظهور الكيميائي النسيجي المناعي للاوستيوكالسين، OC عاملا لنمو المحول بيتا واحد TGF - B1 وبروتين الشكل العظمي سبعة BMP - 7 في خلل التنسج الليفي والورم الليفي المعظم في عظام الفك : دراسة مقارنة == Immunohistochemicalexpression of Osteocalcin, Transforming Growth Factor Beta - 1And Bone Morphogenetic Protein - 7 In Fibrous Dysplasia And Ossifying Fibroma of The Jaw Bones Acomparative Study

اسم المؤلف: فرح غسان ابراهیم
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Fibrous Dysplasia & Ossifying Fibroma of the jawsare maxillofacial fibroosseous lesions sharing anoverlapping clinicopathological characteristics. This can be diagnostically challenging for pathologists& surgeons. It is important to make the distinction because of differences in their clinical behavior, modes of treatment and prognosis.Osteocalcin is an immunohistochemicalmarker; secreted by osteoblasts and its high serum levelsare correlated with increased bone mineraldensity. It is therefore, used as biomarker for boneformation process and also has a role in regulationof osteoblast function.Transforming growth factor beta - 1 is a multifunctional regulator of cell growth which will either stimulate or inhibit proliferation of mesenchymal cells depending on the presence of other growth factors. It is secreted by osteoblasts and is very abundant in bone matrix. Bone morphogenetic protein - 7is a member of transforming growth factor - b superfamily; it is widely expressed during embryonic growth, and is an essential morphogen in renal, skeletal, and eye development.Aims of the study : This study aimedto evaluate and compare the Immunohistochemical expression ofosteocalcin, transforming growth factor beta - 1 andbone morphogenetic protein - 7in the pathogenesis of Fibrous dysplasia and Ossifying fibroma of the jaw bones,correlate the expression of the aforementioned markers in these lesions.Analyze theimmunohistochemical expression ofosteocalcin, Transforming growth factor beta - 1 & bone morphogenetic protein - 7 inFibrous dysplasia & Ossifying fibroma, in order to assess its potential role in differentiation between these two disease entities.Materials&Methods : A total of 30 retrospective formalin - fixed, paraffin - embedded tissue blocks were included in this study, 15 were diagnosed asFibrous dysplasia of the jaws and 15 were ofOssifying fibroma of the jaws. Animmunohistochemicalstaining method using ofosteocalcin,transforming growthfactor beta - 1 andbone morphogenetic protein - 7 monoclonal antibodies were performed.Results : The results revealed that the majority of cases (73.33%) were females for each Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma. the age range was (8 - 35)years for Fibrous dysplasia and (7 - 50)years forOssifying fibroma. For Fibrous dysplasia most cases presented in maxilla (66.76%) while for Ossifying fibroma most of the cases presented in mandible (73.33), with more predominant Fibrous dysplasia cases in molar area (60%) and more presented Ossifying fibroma cases in premolar & molar area (33.33%). Statistically significant difference was found between Fibrous dysplasia&Ossifying fibroma cases regarding jaws & site distribution (P=0.02&0.04) respectively.Osteocalcin positive immunohistochemicalexpression was found in fibroblast - like cells in 4 cases(26.66%) of Fibrous dysplasia and in 7 cases (46.67%) of Ossifying fibroma, according to Chi - square test the result showed statistically significant difference regarding osteocalcin expression in Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma (P=0.04). Transforming growth factor beta - 1 was positivelyexpressed in 8cases (53.3%) of Fibrous dysplasiaand 10 cases (66.67%) of Ossifying fibroma. Bone morphogenetic protein - 7showed positive expression in 2 cases (13.3%) of Fibrous dysplasia and 4 cases (26.7%) ofossifying fibroma.Statistically non - significant difference regarding the immunohistochemicalexpression of transforming growth factor beta - 1 and bone morphogenetic protein - 7in Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma. Moreover significant correlation was found regardingtransforming growth factor beta - 1 expression in response to bone morphogenetic protein - 7in Fibrous dysplasia (P=0.03)and osteocalcin expression in response totransforming growth factor beta - 1 in Ossifying fibroma (P=0.01).Conclusions : Transforming growth factor beta - 1 expressin the majority of Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma cases indicate its important role in the process of osteogenesis. The significant correlation seen regarding the expression of some of the studied markers with each other suggest their cooperative role in the pathogenesis of Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma

الظواهر الفمية، مؤشرات عامل الغلوبولين المناعي اللعابي A، الانترلوكين واحد بيتا وعامل تنخر الورم الفا في لعاب مرضى - الكلى المزمن الخاضعين للغسل الكلوي في محافظة ميسان == Oral Findings, Salivary IgA, Interlukin - 1 Beta And Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Markers In Saliva of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis In Missan Governorate

اسم المؤلف: فارس عبد حاتم
اسم المشرف: زاهدة جاسم محمد
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Chronic kidney disease refers to an irreversible deterioration in renal function which classically develops over a period of years, the ageing of populations along with the growing prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension is leading to worldwide increase in the number of chronic kidney disease patients, the patients suffering from chronic renal failure face oral health related problems because it affects the bone and soft tissue structures.During hemodialysis, blood contact with a foreign surface, such as a complement - activating dialytic membrane, promotes a variety of complex and interrelated events, leading to an acute inflammatory response.Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins that are important in cell signaling, they are released by cells and affect the behavior of other cells, they are important in health and disease, specifically in host responses to infection, immune responses, inflammation, trauma, sepsis, cancer and reproduction.Aims of study : The aims of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral findings, salivary flow rate and evaluation of salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? levels in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis treatment in comparison with healthy control, and investigate if there is a relation between these salivary parameters (salivary flow rate, salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? levels) in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis (less and more than one year) and finally find the correlation between salivary parameters in patients group.Methods : Ninety (90) subjects were participated in this study, they were divided into two groups : Patients group comprised of 45 subjects undergoing hemodialysis with chronic kidney diseases; Control group comprised of 45 subjects with no history of any systemic diseases.Intra oral examination was done for each individual to record the prevalence of oral findings in chronic kidney diseases patients. Saliva collected was measured and levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa).Results : The most frequent oral findings in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis, in this study were dry mouth (77.7%), uremic breath (bad odor) (55.5%) , taste alteration (55.5%), angular chelitis (35.5%), mucosal pallor (26.6%), burning mouth syndrome (28.8%), staining of teeth (26.6%), oral ulceration (11.1%) and petechia and ecchymosis (2.2%), and the present study showed that no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were found in oral findings distribution except angular chelitis which showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between chronic kidney diseases patients on hemodialysis for less than one year & for more than one year. According to salivary flow rate, the present study found that there was a significant difference in patients with chronic kidney disease in comparison to healthy control subjects, also statistically there was no significant difference in salivary parameters (salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? and salivary flow rate) in chronic kidney diseases patients on hemodialysis for less than one year & for more than one year. The present study showed that there was no correlation between salivary parameters (salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? and salivary flow rate) except salivary immunoglobulin A and interleukin - 1? showed positive significant linear correlation (r=0.368, p=0.006) and negative significant linear correlation between salivary immunoglobulin A and salivary flow rate (r= - 0.275, p=0.009).Conclusions : Cytokines may play roles in pathogenesis of chronic kidney diseases represented by increasing interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? levels in saliva of those patients, the chronic kidney diseases patients on hemodialysis recommended comprehensive professional oral care and self - care instructions

العلامات الالتهابية اللعابية وعلاقتها بحالة الفم الصحية بين مجموعة من الصبيان الذين يعانون من السمنة بعمر 21 سنة == Salivary Inflammatory Biomarkers In Relation To Oral Health Status Among Obese Boys Aged 12 Years

اسم المؤلف: عاتكة رسول عزيز
اسم المشرف: احلام طه محمد
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب الاسنان الوقائي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Worldwide, obesity trends are causing serious public health concerns and significantly increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. It has an effect on the person`s general health including the oral health. Aims of the study : This study was designed to investigate the oral health status among a group of obese boys in relation to salivary inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin - 6 and Creactive protein) and selected salivary elements.Materials and methods : The study group consists of forty obese boy of an age 12 year, and forty normal weighted boy of the same age as a control group. Assessment of nutritional status was done by using Body Mass Index specific for age and gender. Dental caries severity was recorded by using the index of Muhlemann (1976). Plaque index of Silness and Loe (1964) was used for plaque assessment, calculus component of periodontal disease index of Ramfjord (1959) was used for calculus assessment and gingival condition assessed according to gingival index of Loe and Silness (1963). Unstimulated salivary samples were collected under standardized condition, salivary flow rate was determined and then the salivary samples chemically analyzed to determine the concentration of salivary interleukine - 6, Creactive protein, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus.Results : Caries experience of permanent dentition (DMFS) among study group was lower than that among control group with significant difference (P<0.05) for D2, while caries experience of primary dentition (dmfs) was significantly (P<0.05) lower among study group compared with control group with significant difference (P<0.05) for ds and highly significant difference (P<0.01) for d4.Salivary flow rate was lower among study group compared with control group with no significant difference. No significant correlations (P>0.05) were recorded between salivary flow rate and dental caries, oral cleanliness and gingivalhealth conditions among both groups. The mean value of plaque, calculus and gingival indices were not significantly lower among study group compared with control group. A positive highly significant correlations (P<0.01) were recorded between gingival and plaqueindices among both groups. The level of salivary interleukin - 6 (pg/ml) was higher among study group compared with control group with no significant difference between them; whereas there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding C - reactive protein (?g/ml) level. Salivary calcium and magnesium levels (mg/dl) were highly significantly (P<0.01) lower among study group compared with control group, whereas salivary phosphorus level (mg/dl) was not significantly higher among study group compared with control group. Salivary interleukin - 6 and C - reactive protein were negatively correlated with dental caries of both dentitions among study group with significant correlation (P<0.05) between IL - 6 and D2, while they were correlated positively with dental caries of both dentitions among control group with highly significant correlation (P<0.01) between IL - 6 and D3 and significant correlation (P<0.05) between IL - 6 and d4. Salivary calcium was correlated positively highly significantly (P<0.01) withDMFS and significantly (P<0.05) with D4 among control group. Salivary magnesium was correlated positively significantly (P<0.05) with DMFS and D2 among study group; also it was correlated negatively highly significantly (P<0.01) with d3 amongcontrol group. Salivary phosphorus was correlated significantly (P<0.05) in positive direction with d3 among study group; also it was correlated highly significantly (P<0.01) in negative direction with DMFS and significantly (P<0.05) in positivedirection with d3 among control group.

اثر التطبيق الموضعي من الكركمين مسحوق وزيت اساسي على التئام جروح الجلد : دراسة نسيجية وكيميائية نسيجية مناعية في الارانب == Evaluation The Effect of Topical Application of Curcumin Powder And Essential Oil On Skin Wound Healing In Rabbits (Histological And Immunohistochemical Study On IGF - 1R)

اسم المؤلف: نضال حسين محمد
اسم المشرف: بان عبد الغني جميل
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الانسجة الفموية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: خلفية الموضوع : طب الاعشاب يمكن ان يعرف كواحد من فروع الطب باشكال مختلفة. وقد اثبت كركمين الكركم فعاليته كماده ملونة، ومنكهة واستخدم تقليديا في الطب،فقد اظهر له خصائص ملحوظه مضادة للالتهابا ت، مضادات الاكسده وخصائص بيولوجية متنوعة.ان عدم وجود سمية للكركم | Back ground : Herbal medicine can be called one of the branches of medicines in various forms.Turmeric curcumin has proved it's efficiencies a coloring, flavoring agent and has been traditionally used in medicine, exhibiting remarkable anti - inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The varied biological properties of curcumin and lack of toxicity even when administered at higher doses makes it attractive toexplore its use in various disorders like diseases of skin.It is good potential agent for wound healing.Considerable interest has been focused on curcumin compound, mechanisms that drive wound repair are complex and have challenged wound - healing investigators for many years.Aims of the study : To evaluate the effects of topical application of curcumin (powder and essential oil)on skin wound healing histologically and immunhistochemically.Materials and methods : Sixty four New Zealand rabbits were used in this study, they were divided into four groups (16 animals for each healing period)each group was subdivided as follows : - Experimental groups(8 rabbits)subdivided into : a - Right facial side of(eight rabbits animal) for essential oil application Left facial side of(eight rabbits animal)for curcumin powder application - Control group (eight rabbits)(right facial sides used as control). Histological evaluation of wound healing was performed for all studied groups.Imunohistochemical analysis was utilized to localize and characterizethe IGF - R1 immuno positive cells at the wound site of allgroups (experimental and control).Results : Histological findings of the present study have shown that reepithelialization, wound contraction were accelerated after topical application of curcumin and essential oil. The results ofimmunohistochemical examination of this study revealed that there was increased expression of IGF - 1R by epithelial and connective tissue cells of skin especially with the topical application of curcumin oil at wound site.Conclusion : - Essential oil is more effective in enhancement of wound healing regarding histological and immuonohistochemical assessment revealed higher mean values of positive expression for insulin growth factor1receptor(IGF - 1R) , (for both stromal and epidermal).

دراسة نسيجية , شكليه نسيجيه ونسيجية مناعية للاستخدام الموضعي ل VEGF / Collagen I في تجويف الاسنان المقلوعة : دراسة تجريبية على الجرذان == Histological, Histomorphometrical And Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Local Application of Collagen I And /Or Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (An Experimental Study In Rats

اسم المؤلف: رفل راشد عبد السادة
اسم المشرف: عذراء يحيى الحجازي
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: امراض ما حول الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Back ground : Healing socket consists of three new tissue components; epithelium, connective tissue, and bone tissue. Interactive dynamic changes take place between these 3 components during healing period.During the process of healing of the extraction socket the following events occur : firstly, a blood clot (mainly blood cells and network of fibrin) forms and fills the empty socket. Then, the blood clot matures and is organized by the formation of granulation tissue (rich in newly formed vascular structure, abundance of inflammatory cells. The granulation tissue replaces the blood clot completely by the seventh day. After 20 days, the granulation tissue was replaced by collagen, and bone began forming at the base and the periphery of the extraction socket. Epithelium covers the newly formed bone that filled the socket.The healing cascade of all wounds ultimately requires neovascularization, collagen deposition, and collagen constriction by myofibroblasts. Neovascularization in the adult is known to occur by two distinct processes, angiogenesis and vasculogenesis which needs for expression of VEGF.Aim of the study : Histological ,Histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical studies to evaluate the effect of local application of exogenous VEGF/collagen I separately and as a combination in socket healing.Materials and Method : Sixty male Albino Wistar rats were subjected for a surgical tooth extraction of upper 1st molar of both sides ( right side was considered as experimental site ,while left be the control one).The animals were divided into following groups according to the applicable of biomaterials.A. Control group the tooth socket treated with 1?L of normal salineB. Experimental group includes• Group I contains (20) rats, the tooth socket treated with 1?L of VEGF• Group II contains (20) rats the tooth socket treated with 1?L ofcollagen type I• Group III contains (20) rats, the tooth socket treated with 1?L of a combination of VEGF and collagen I. Each group is composed of 20 rats that will be studied in four periods 3,7,14,28 days (5 rats for each period).The specimens were studied histologically histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical identification of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and tissue non specific alkaline phosphtase (ALP).Results : 1. Histological findings for all groups illustrate formation of blood clot at 3 days.2. Granulation tissue appears in all groups at 7 days period, and new bone is demonstrated in collagen group and a highly cellular woven bone with active proliferative osteoblast and newly blood vessel is detected in combination group.3. At 14 days new epithelization and new bone trabeculae with fibrous tissue are presented mostly in all groups but with different constitution.4. At 28 days all groups show reepithelization but in different thickness, and with newly bone apposition and with different maturity.5. For positive cells expressed ALP VEGF group records a high mean values at 3,14,28 days periods and with high differences in comparisum to other groups while control group reports a high mean value at 7 days.6. For positive cells expressed FGF2.Control group illustrates a high record for the mean of positive cells expressed FGF2 at 3,7days periods and with high differences in comparisum to other groups, while combination group reports a high mean value at 14 days.7. Results demonstrated that in most periods for each group ,whenever ,ALP is a high value in expression ,records a low expression in FGF2.Conclusion : Results ,high lighted on the effect of local application of VEGF in extracted tooth socket that facilited epithelization ,while combination of (Collagen and VEGF ) shows a high mineralization zone.

تقييم الظهور النسيجي الكيميائي المناعي لفايروسات (EBV,HPV16 - 18,HSV1) في الحزاز المنبسط الفموي == Assessment of The Immunohistochemical Expression of Epstein - Barr , Human Papilloma (18 ,16) And Herpes Simplex - 1 Viruses In Oral Lichen Planus

اسم المؤلف: تانیه عبد الاله الطحان
اسم المشرف: احلام حمید مجید
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: امراض ما حول الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد مرض الحزاز المسطح الفموي من الامراض الشائعة ولة مسار مرضي مرتبط بالخلايا المناعية ويرتبط باختلالات الاداء المناعي للجسم مع بعض الفرضيات التي تربط وقوع المرض بالعدوى الفايروسية. وھو من عائلة الھربس الفايروسية، بوقوع بعض الامراض ك "كثرة الوحيدات، EBV ار | oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory immune - mediated disease, The antigen responsible for inducing OLP is still unidentified, although viral agents have been proposed as etiologic factors. Viral infection (Epestin - barr,human papilloma and herpes simplex) has been hypothesized as a predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of this disease.Aims of study : The aim of this study was to assess the expression of Epstein Barr virus , Human Papilloma virus 16& 18 and Herpes Simplex virus - 1 immunohistochemistry in oral lichen planus cases and evaluate whether any clinical variant, histopathological or demographic feature correlates with the expression of these viruses.Materials and Methods : This study was performed on thirty formalin fixed, paraffin - embedded tissue Blocks of oral lichen planus retrospectively. An immunohistochemical staining done by using monoclonal antibodies EBV and HPV 18&16 and polyclonal antibody HSV1. Results : Expression of EBV was highly detected in epithelium of oral lichen planus cases (46.6%), no statistically significant correlation was found with clinical parameters.Astatistically significant with sex was observed.Immunostaning results revealed negative expression for both HPV16 & HPV18 in the studied cases except one case which was positive for each viruses. No statistically correlation was found with clinical parameters. Herpes simplex virus - 1 expression was positive in 12 cases (40%) of oral lichen planus cases. Statistically barely significant correlation with sex and clinical types, and a non significant one wasfound with age.ConclusionEpstein Barr and Herpes simplex viruses are present in considerable amounts in oral lichen planus whereas Human papilloma viruses 16 and 18 are rarely present.Taking into account the potential of viruses in OLP.
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