Author name:
سلام جبار منشد الاعاجيبي
Supervisor name:
سادسة حلاوي حمود
University location:
Wasit
Abstract:
Provided constitute historical studies on economic activity - especially if the list to understand this activity - of paramount importance at the present time, it represents a vital aspect in specialized in the economic field of Islamic history studies. Biledulgerid and is one of the areas of economic importance in African Islamic since the Islamic conquest to the present, from the fact that the location and economic resources which were a major factor in guiding the country's history and incidents occurring in addition the country has gained economic importance of two key elements can consider the origin of life and continue permanence the two water and palm trees, If God made from water every living thing, that life with a distinct nature in relation to the desert area dry and isolated, as it is surrounded by manure salt to the west and the sand dunes to the south, and the eyes Biledulgerid many behind palm planting oases and the emergence of it, and this can count palm key witness to the history of this country and the human existence where, as protected it during different times of famine abounded that he signed the biggest in other areas not far from Biledulgerid. The geographical location of Biledulgerid link between the cities of Africa's Sahel and Sahara on the one hand, and between Egypt and Cyrenaica in the east and the country Amorbin and Far East on the other hand, make it important for a lot of countries that have emerged in North Africa, especially in the economic sphere, the famous Biledulgerid date production and olives, grapes and other fruit, as well as human activity to the population of different affiliations and economic skills. One of the direct reasons that prompted the researcher to choose this study Kmoduah for his doctoral thesis and studied in the time period referred to in the title, that Biledulgerid witnessed many political events varied objectives of the revolution, rebellion, insurrection, had signed affecting the economic activity in the country, and in spite of the marked This country's economic strength that has made them an important economic center in the Islamic Maghreb. This study was to shed light on the economic activity in the Biledulgerid explaining its significance and its relationship to the geographical location that effect clearly on the path of political events in the country, it became the focus of attention of the emerging countries in the Islamic Maghreb, which wanted desperately to control them to take advantage of important economic resources. The whale Agriculture bulk of economic activity in that country, particularly products of dates, olives and other fruit, and perhaps ironic that such possibilities and important area has not received to soon share in the research and study son researchers, and perhaps the illness back our opinion, the geographers and travelers Muslims they prefer housing and visit the urban main Kalawasam major cities, and then visit these areas to collect information about them, but their writings primarily been about great metropolises, so researcher found a big bother to collect the available information and to fly in the stomachs of the sources, who spoke about this country, and because the information contained therein for the area The study was brief, to the difficulty of tracking information mentioned by travelers and geographers, because they include a very large and places far apart, and inhabited them away from each other varying distances, especially that in the Sahara and the impact of the inception of the oases. We did not find on this subject in modern academic studies only some plucking of the information contained in previous studies related to the Islamic Maghreb in general, such as Dr. thesis healing Mohamed Hassan tagged (commercial activity in the Islamic Maghreb, from the fourth century to the ninth century), and the message Mrs. Ban Ali Mohammed al - Bayati, (commercial activity in Morocco Far from the third century to the fifth century AH), and the message Mr. Haris Ali Abdullah (economic activity in Morocco East from the third century to the middle of the fifth century AH). Contents of the thesis : This consists of the thesis from the front of the boot and four chapters, followed by the conclusion of the three supplements, try researcher from which the four seasons are secured interrelated, containing the main axes of the subject in line with the thesis title, as well as a list of sources and references to the adopted this study.Initially boot to study the political situation in Biledulgerid between years was (301 AH - 799 AH), followed by the first chapter, entitled (Biledulgerid geographical elements of the population), and included four topics dealt with Section I (the label and geographic location) The second section was devoted to clarify (natural terrain) In the third section focused on the (cities Biledulgerid) and addressed the fourth section (elements of the population). The second chapter Me (b agricultural activity in Biledulgerid), Department this to five topics included the first section (agriculture and the factors affecting them), while the inclusion of the second section (farming methods and methods) The third section we dealt with it (the irrigation system and methods) and studied fourth topic (types of agricultural crops), and finally included Section V (grazing, animal husbandry and fishing).The third chapter focused on the (industrial activity in Biledulgerid), and the thrust of this chapter four topics dealt with Section I (industry factors affecting it) and touched second topic on (food industry), while the third section handled (textile industries and wood), and focused fourth topic on (other industries).In the fourth chapter studied (markets and financial systems), and included this chapter four topics was the first title (and the kinds of markets), while the display second section, (units financial credit), and the third on (currencies, weights and measures and metrics). The fourth topic Fajss to study the (government oversight on the market). He studied in Chapter V (commercial activity in Biledulgerid), as it has been divided into four topics included the first section (trade factors affecting them), and touched second section to (internal trade) and focused the third section on the (foreign trade), while the fourth section Fajss to study (varieties traders and transport workers). It emerged from this study that the country witnessed a flourishing economic activity in various aspects and gave the geographical location of Biledulgerid in South Africa is particularly important to her, as to make it a land route link between the African on the one hand, and the countries of western Sudan, on the other hand, while the Gulf of Gabes first Coastal cities starting point freely around Europe, Andalusia and the Levant.The most prominent manifestations of economic activity in the Biledulgerid, is that the increase in population numbers during the period of the study, especially after the semicircular migration to Africa, was Biledulgerid of the important attractions of these tribes, thanks to the economic prosperity and had dhimmis a big role in the prosperity of the economic activity of through the provision of manpower skills and experience, especially in the field of leather industry and jewelery. Characterized Biledulgerid the diversity of its cities and its geographical location and the diversity of water sources and multiplicity which make them play a big role in the economic activity of the country, also contributed to political stability and economic prosperity, which reflected positively on economic activity, but that the governors Biledulgerid bear a great responsibility in the destruction of their cities Because of the large number of harboring rebels such as sedition Abu Zeid and the outside Bani Ghanaian and sedition adoptee, which exposed the country's military campaigns led several countries that came to African rule for the purpose of subjection, which cast a shadow over economic activity. The diversity of agricultural crops function evidence on the evolution of economic activity in the Biledulgerid, as it was produced and Vera between palm trees and olive and pistachio, which he covered many parts of the country of Morocco and neighboring countries, as well as the types of flowers. It is evidence of the function on the abundance of agricultural production in Biledulgerid, the high number of collection during the reign of countries that came to its verdict, which reached more often to more than two hundred thousand dinars. Agricultural prosperity was accompanied prosperity of Animal Production, which made princes who took turns to govern this country, seeking to appropriate pastoral attention centers for animal husbandry. Had a variety of different industries between textile and leather construction, a big impact in giving Biledulgerid a prominent place among the other countries and had a flourishing agriculture and industry, a positive reflection on the internal and external trade, which flourished and clarified Mwalimhma through internal and external trade routes diversity as illustrated in the large diversity of commercial prosperity landmarks mutual Binmdn Biledulgerid and other countries goods, Azahtlt products with multi - species, such as textiles and dates as well as the first Alvestqalemratb in business activity, as well as on other products, and they are given a wide range of Aldaa to Biledulgerid and consistent with the need for the main and most important imports Sudan - west, such as gold Lawson elephant, as well as on it benefited them products from European countries such as mercury, dyes and other products from the Islamic Orient, as well as the diversity of groups working in the trade, Some brokers and agents and those who followed different systems at work, such as parity in profit or company in trade and other operations and the diversity of coins in circulation in Biledulgerid, as some of them hits the central authority (Fatimid and Zaria and Almohad and Hafsia), others beaten by the rebels to power the likes of Abe over the outside and the children of a mosque in the city of Gabes during the Arab control semicircular, or currency adoptee in the era State Hafsid, and Ahira prices affected the political circumstances in which the country passed, making it the great disparity between the licenses at times, and at other times of price rises.
