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اثر الموالي في الحياة الفكرية في بغداد من خلال كتاب تاريخ بغداد للخطيب البغدادي ت 463هـ/1070م == Pro In The Intellectual Life In Baghdad During The Impact Of The Book On The History Of The Baghdad Khatib Al - Baghdadi (D. 463 AH / 1070 AD)

Author name: سرى سلام عطية الابراهيمي
Supervisor name: عبد الستار نصيف جاسم العامري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: After it was founded in the city of Baghdad (145 - 146 AH / 762 - 663 AD) became this city a prominent role in the intellectual life became not only in the Muslim world but also in the whole world known in that era course science, it worked to attract scientists from different religions and countries for reasons of scientific, social and other political and economic. The importance of the study of the subject of the importance of the history book of Baghdad, which includes translations of Arab and pro - eating male genealogy and scientific journeys and their elders and their pupils and their works, and the fact that Baghdad was the capital has become a pilgrimage site for students of science and of them pro who was the offspring intellectual apparently comparable to the product of the Arab Muslims has contributed to supplement Islamic Arab libraries and for this reason that prompted Balbagesh Valley midst of their search for pro in Baghdad through the history book of the Baghdad Khatib al - Baghdadi. The letter came on the unprecedented three chapters with an introduction and followed by a conclusion and supplements and a list of sources and references. The first chapter, entitled (life - Khatib al - Baghdadi, social, scientific and factors that contributed to attracting loyal to Baghdad) has included a brief introduction about his social and scientific existence of several studies leading up about that, and also ensure that the factors that contributed to attracting loyal to Baghdad. The second chapter was titled (per pro in religious studies) included Quranic science of knowledge of interpretation and readings also included modern science and jurisprudence. The third chapter is entitled (per pro in the humanities and sciences Pure "Applied") was developed humanities and sciences Pure "Applied" and anyone to separate in order to balance the message and the reason for this is the limited number of these translations for them in pure science compared to religious sciences and humanities and mentioned in this chapter pro in language and grammar, poetry and prose branches of public speaking and writing the role, and we dealt with stated theology, mysticism and science of history, either pure science Vtnolna scientists from pro in Science said the account included Conclusion prominent our findings through what provides us the information. the most prominent the significance of the date in Baghdad said translations and pro about the social and intellectual life, and the study proved that the pro was their contribution is clear and prominent in the intellectual life and measured the number of intellectual works that have contributed to supplement the Arab Islamic libraries
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الالهة الشابة المذكرة بين الموت والانبعاث في الشرق الادنى القديم : دراسة في الوظائف والصفات == The Male Young Deiteis Between Death And Resurrection In Anceint Near East A Studty In The Characters And Functions

Author name: سرى حسين علي الحسوني
Supervisor name: غسان عبد صالح
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The subject of this thesis is on of the most important subjects that is because it dealt with a content didn’t exist in any other study, it is also an attempt to understand the role of cosmos. The thesis also compared between the roles of these deities and show there and the role of each of them ,the role of them and what had been left of prints on his their society. So, to comprehend the subject as much as it could be, this study has been divided into four chapters preceded by a prelude devoted to explain the geographical sphere of the area of the research and a brief summery about each state of the enceinte Near East States and a conclusion : The first chapter : Includes the male young deities names and their worshiping places. It consisted of three sections ; the first section dealt with the deities names and there references where in it presented the meaning of each deity's name and its references. The second section dealt with the male young deities signals , which shows that each deity has signals distinguish it from the other deities. The third section emerges the geographical diffusion of the male young deities worshipping where the section shows the extent of the geographical spheres that these deities worshipped in them and the most distinguished temples of them. The second chapter : Includes the male young deities' functions and characters and it consisted of three sections. The first section dealt with the functions of the deities and emerges the importance of each function. The second section dealt with the character of these deities where we emerged in it the characters that distinguished each deity. The third section includes a comparison of these deities functions and characters. The third chapter : Dealt with studying the temporary death of the male young deities through three sections. The first section presented the ancient near east people thought about death and its terrors which represent the greatest enigma for human being. the second section detailed the temporary death of the male young deities where as for human being the immortal death is his fate , his deities were meeting a temporary death , and the section dealt with a comparison study of the male young deities. The forth chapter : Includes the male young deities resurrection and divided into three sections. The first section narrated the ancient near east people thought about resurrection which represents a solution to the enigma of death and an exit from it. The second section includes the resurrection of the male young deities which it was an attempt to understand the return of the breed and grow season return. While the third section consisted of a comparison to these deities resurrection. The conclusion of this study was an attempt to shed a light on the idea of death and resurrection of the male young deities in the ancient near east that reached to the following conclusions : Meanings references that are derivate from its functions which it has. Also the study explained the ancient worshipping of deity Dumuzy before the other deities where it worshipped in the forth millennium then the deity Auzeer then after it Baal and finally Telpino; so that is mean that worshipping the deity Dumuzy diffused from Mesopotamia to the rest of the near east countries to reach to the Nile Valley. Each of these deities has temples according the old instructions and texts. All these deities are associated in two functions which are the growth and life ; the death and resurrection. Also it was clear the functions of the deity Auzeer in the first state then the deity Baal then Dumuzy and finally Telpino , in adition to that the role of the deity Auzeer in the upper and lower worlds other than the other male young deities, and that was emerging from the religious Egyptian faith which interested in the lower world more than the upper world. Like the functions were the characters of the male young deities in similarity and differences. The study proved the belief of the ancient near east people in death and it is the fate of all people but at the same time the were afraid of it , so they put on the world of deaths nominees like darkness terror and also those who are running it of deities and devils. The study emerged the absence of all deities from the upper world , but that doesn't mean their all subjection to the real death; where the deity Telpino excepted from that because he canceled and didn't dye; and that absence was for a limited time according to the environment of each society ; except the deity Auzeer which remains in the lower world. The methods of death are associated among the three deities(Dumuzy,Azeer,Baal), according to one of the narratives they all killed, while differ in other narratives; this state also similar in wives.Resurrection wasn't strange on the people of Mesopotamia but they didn't adopt its faith not like the Egyptians who believed in it and considered it the exit of their worry on death , so they drew a nice picture to the after death world ; the same thing was for the Augharets and Hittites. The resurrection of deities were different. The resurrection of Dumuzy can not be happened without the existents of a another one go to the deaths world instead of him, while Auzeer resurrected by Izeas magic ways, the deity Baal resurrected by killing the enemy of the deity Mout and burning it and throwing its ash ; Telpino resurrected by a bee sting after that they held ceremonies to purify him from its anger.Finally the study emerged the importance of the male young deities role in the ancient near east in all the life joints, starting with the growth of plants passing to human being ending with animals
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زكريا محيي الدين ودوره العسكري والسياسي في مصر حتى عام 1968 == Zacariya Muhyiddin And His Military And Political Role In Egypt Until 1968

Author name: ساهرة سلمان حمادي الطائي
Supervisor name: علياء محمد حسين الزبيدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Many researchers and authors were interested greatly in the history of Egypt as one of the important Arab countries which had a great effect on the events witnessed by the Arab Homeland. However, there were effective characters who had a great role in Egypt's events and the Arab Homeland on whom the light was not shed and they were not studied objectively despite their different roles and situations. Zakariya Muhyiddin is regarded as the most prominent of these characters, so we need to study his life and his military, political and national role in Egypt because he was the most prominent political characters close to the president Jamal Abdul Nasir, making some characterize him with the second man of Egypt at that stage. The study nature necessitated dividing it into an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and a number of appendices. The first chapter addressed Zakariya Muhyiddin's family background and the construction of social self It included four sections. The first section contained a display of his social roots, a follow - up of his family, life, education, characteristics, hobbies, the medals and badges he gained, and the beginning of his relationship with Jamal Abdul Nasir. As to the second section, it was dedicated to his role in Palestine war 1948, while the third section was specified to the establishment of Al - Dhubat Al - Ahrar Organization and his membership in it, whereas the fourth section addressed the political developments in Egypt for the years (1950 - 1952). As to the second chapter, it was specified to his role in the revolution of 23rd of July 1952 including three sections. The first section tackled his role in the rise of the revolution of 23rd of July 1952. The second section dealt with his political and economic activity, while the third section comprised his political and international situation towards the revolution of 23rd of July 1952, whereas the fourth section discussed his situation towards Sudan issue and the conclusion of evacuation agreement. The third chapter came to shed the light on his role, the political developments in Egypt and his situation towards Arabic and international issues for the period (1954 - 1968), including four sections. The first section mentioned his situation towards the political developments for the period (1954 - 1956), while the second section addressed his role and the path pf the Egyptian political developments (1957 - 1964), whereas the third section was specified to his situation towards Arabic and international issues, the fourth section was confined to his role and the path of political and domestic developments for the years (1965 - 1967). We also showed the end of his political activity and his death. The study was ended by a conclusion dedicated to the most important conclusions within the light of the works and achievements fulfilled by Zakariya Muhyiddin in the fields he was responsible of.
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تاريخ امانة العاصمة بغداد (1958 - 1968) == History Of The Secretariat Of The Capital Of Baghdad 1958 - 1968

Author name: سارة عبد الكاظم ثجيل
Supervisor name: ابتسام محمود جواد
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The secretariat of the capital's oldest department was founded in Baghdad in 1868 as the Baghdad Municipality and concurrent with the issuance of municipal law in 1877 that divided Baghdad into three sections, and then replaced its name from the Baghdad municipality to the capital secretariat under municipal law in 1931, and was linked to the Interior Ministry, but after the establishment of the fourteenth of July revolution in 1958 and the issuance of municipal law in 1960 have been disengage from internal and attached to the Ministry of municipalities and considered one of its departments. The message consisted of an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter included the beginnings of the establishment of the Capital City in the era of the Ottomans, and the most important laws passed at that time, and the most prominent formations administrative, with the definition of the most prominent figures who served as mayor during the period (1923 - 1958) and the most important achievements, as well as the most important services provided by the secretariat of the capital of Tzivat and streams and liquefaction of water and The second chapter entitled (the Capital Secretariat and the revolution of July 14, 1958), brought together four topics focused on the establishment of the Ministry of Municipalities under the Executive Authority Act No. 74 of 1959, with a statement of the main terms of reference of the ministry and the main administrative formations, and the most important imports Secretariat in 1963 developed administrative and formations in 1964, in addition to addressing the formations Secretariat introduced in 1967, and the most prominent figures that came to the post of Secretary of the capital during the period (1958 - 1968) the most prominent statement with their achievements and their actions. The third chapter contains five sections touched them to the capital, Baghdad planning, including the basic outline drawn up by the Greek Dokxiaods company in 1959, and the outline of Paul Service Company Polish in 1965, in addition to addressing the most important streets and bridges carried out by the Secretariat at the time, and the gardens and parks that accorded Secretariat of particular importance, as well as monuments and multiple statues set up by the Secretariat in Baghdad in order to give a new civilized swab and commemorate the past, the most important monument of the Unknown Soldier, and the Freedom Monument, as well as talk about the most important buildings constructed in that time, including the Presidential Palace Building, and the Opera House, and Building C While Chapter IV, which contained three sections touched on the most important activities and events of the Capital Secretariat and focusing on basic services to the secretariat, which consisted hygiene, sewage and water and organize transport within the capital and extinguish fires, as well as humanitarian and health services, also addressed the role of the secretariat of the capital in the treatment of Abaiv which were scattered in Baghdad through the construction of new residential neighborhoods revolutions (Sadr City) currently, the torch, Latifiya, and Rashad, in addition to the most important events and festivals organized by the secretariat of the capital and in the various religious and national occasions addressed 0ouncil The Ministry of Economic Planni Through this study, we concluded some Alomourahmha : - The capital, the secretariat of the ten - year period from 1958 - 1968 golden era in the long Tarueha analogy for their achievements and partisan task, as the Secretariat has been able to play Bamran capital Baghdad and give them the character of the beautiful taste Secretariat has embarked on since the fourteenth of July revolution to study evolution urban estimated in the capital and you need to show capital projects rightful appearance between the capitals of the civilized world, and acted wisely targeted leader Abdul Karim Kassem (working hour is better than a thousand hours of speech).ng and Building of the National Council.Paid capital, the secretariat of the cultural movement importance and care of the language from prestigious culture, intellectuals and innovators in public life, the fact that the city of Baghdad, one of the most important radiation cultural, scientific and cultural centers, the Secretariat has sought to find the steps artistic and cultural events enrich the value of Baghdad in art and culture, including works of art and monuments which promised steps upgrading of technical and aesthetic level of capital.
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موقف سوريا من قضايا بلاد الشام 1970 - 1982 == Syrian Position Towards The Problems Of Levant 1970 - 1982

Author name: سارة عبد الكاظم جواد
Supervisor name: اسراء شريف الكعود
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The period between 1970 - 1982 is concerned a very important period because it witnessed a lot of political events that affected on foreign policy of Syria. The period of the present thesis is determined by 1970 because it is the year in which the president Hafidh Al - Assad received the authority in Syria. The research is divided mainly into introduction and four main chapters. The first chapter is dealt with the conflict between Arab and Israel from 1948 to 1970. It also contains the wars of 1948 and 1967. It has the events of September 1970. The second chapter is dealt with the political events that taken place from 1970 to 1973 Hafidh Al - Assad the leadership in Syria and the events of October war in 1973. The third chapter is concentrated on the civil Lebanese war 1975 - 1976 and the role of Syria in the war. The four chapter is concerned with the political events from 1978 to 1982. It is dealt with Camp Daivid in Lebanon in 1978 and 1982. One of the most important conclusions that the researcher is achieved is that the researcher is achieved is that the reasons of the wars between Arab and Israel is the weakness of the growing Arabic forces and do not let the agreements that taken place between Arab countries to be applied in real situations one of the reasons of defeating Arab countries in that wars the strength.
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العلاقات السياسية المصرية - الايطالية 1922 - 1943 == The Egyptian - Italian Political Relations (1922 - 1943)

Author name: زينب خالد حسين
Supervisor name: عبد المجيد كامل عبد اللطيف التكريتي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Egypt over its history did not witness isolation and always retained relations with most countries, many factors helped her to do so, it has got advantages by virtue of its geographical location and its supervision on the trade route between East and West, and the supervision in the modern era on the main maritime artery of world trade, i.e., the Suez Canal. Italy was one of the countries that Egypt have been associated with close relations, those relationships characterized with some features, comes in the forefront, the old age of those relations, which had grown significantly in the nineteenth century and then consolidated in the reign of Khedive Ismail, especially after he took refuge to Italy when he was forced to abdicate the throne. The relations evolved steadily in the reigns of King Ahmed Fouad I and his son Farouk, for both were pro - Italian. The Italy's aspiration of colonizing Libya, Egypt's western neighbor, has founded a new area of relations between the two countries. In addition to that Egypt embraced a large Italian community.The subject of international relations considers one of the most important historical subjects because it studies the history of nations that will not be done without knowing the nature of the foreign relations of any nation and what had been exposed to of external influences. The subject of Egyptian - Italian's Political Relations 1922 - 1943, comes as an update to a series of studies on Foreign Relations of the Arab countries and Egypt as the largest Arab country and has a long and majestic history, should her foreign relations be studied, particularly with Italy the European country that has historical ties with the Arab world.The reasons which made me choose this theme and confine with this period in particular, goes back first to its historical significance both politically and militarily, and secondly that the topic of Egyptian - Italian political relations has not been researched in a comprehensive and detailed in any academic study or history book, whether in Iraq or Egypt. Thirdly the study attempts to verify the veracity of Axis powers' allegations in liberation of the Arab region in North Africa from British and French colonialism.Basing on these assumptive data, and on my readings in documents in question and its direct sources in the National Archives House in Cairo and the Middle East Center at the University of Ain Shams, I managed to collect material of this study.The thesis is divided into an introduction, five chapters and a conclusion.The first chapter Egyptian - Italian Relations 1901 - 1922, is divided into two sections, the first deals with relation during the Italian occupation of Libya 1901 - 1914, while the second examines the impact of the First World War on the Egyptian - Italian relations 1914 - 1922.Chapter II highlights the evolution of the Egyptian - Italian Political Relations 1922 - 1933. The chapter includes three sections, the first discusses the impact of the Statement of February 28th, 1922 on development of diplomatic relations between Egypt and Italy. The second section discusses the fascist government's attitude towards the Egyptian national movement and the Italian community in Egypt from 1922 to 1933. The third section tackles the issue of the fascist government backing the economic activity in Egypt and its impact on the consolidation of the Egyptian - Italian political relations.The third chapter focuses on the problem of western borders of Egypt in period of 1922 - 1933, the chapter is divided into three sections, the first looking in the Italian ambitions in the western borders of Egypt until 1925. The second section deals with the Egyptian - Italian relations under disagreements about Jaghbub Oasis 1925. Third section examines the issue of talks on resolving the Jaghbub Oasis.Chapter IV "Italian occupation of Ethiopia and its impact on the Egyptian - Italian relations 1935 - 1936", is divided into two sections, the first section deals with the Egyptian attitude towards the Italian occupation of Ethiopia in 1936, and the second sheds lights on the Egyptian - Italian political relations in 1936.Chapter V "The Evolution of the Egyptian - Italian Relations 1937 - 1946", divided into three sections, the first discusses the abolition of foreign privileges on Egypt in 1937 and Italy's attitude towards them. The second section researches the Egyptian attitude towards the British - Italian agreement in 1938. While the Third studies the impact of World War II on the Egyptian - Italian political relations 1939 - 1943.Britain was the axis point around which the political relations between Egypt and Italy spun, as long as Egypt wanted to get rid of British hegemony, found in Italy hope that can be supported in her just cause. However, Italy was trying to put pressure on Britain in a political game in order to obtain further gains in East, found in Egypt her long seeking goal. Sometimes declares her full support to the Egyptians independence and at other times acquires part of its territory, by exploiting Britain in order to take an attitude with or against her in the expected open war. Thus, the Italian - Egyptian political relations were in ebb and flow in accordance with the developments of political events between the two great powers, Britain and Italy.The thesis depends on a variety of sources documents come in the forefront, including unpublished documents preserved in the National Archives House in Cairo. As will as the unpublished documents in the National Archives House in Baghdad, which are the files of Iraqi Commission in Cairo and reports of the Iraqi Commission in Rome. Beside the files of the Iraqi Foreign Ministry reserved in the ministry archives in the form of sequential boxes, contained most of the reports of political, economic and social developments. In addition to the documents of British Foreign Office, which I managed to obtained from the Middle East Center at the University of Ain Shams. The thesis is also based on a set of published documents, comes in the forefront the House of Representatives' Proceedings that saved in the Egyptian National Archives House in Cairo.
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حركة الاخوان واثرها في التطورات السياسية في الجزيرة العربية (1912 - 1930) == Brotherhood Movement And Its Impact On Political Developments In The Arabian Peninsula ( 1912 - 1930 )

Author name: زينب منعم كريم العزاوي
Supervisor name: صبري فالح مزبان الحمدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
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محمد بن علي بن ابي طالب (عليه السلام) (ابن الحنفية) وجهاده في الاسلام == Muhammad, The Son Of Imam Ali Abn Abi Talib, Known As Ibn Al - Hanafiah Historical Study

Author name: زينب ضاري حسين
Supervisor name: نضال حميد سعيد الربيعي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The history is events and attitudes , and personalities are the most important elements of the industry these events and attitudes that played a big role in it, that the history of our Islamic nation is full of personalities that played a role and influence in the roles of life , and it participated directly or indirectly with draw its events and those figures figure. Abu Al - Qasim Muhammad Al - Akber , the son of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) known as Ibn Al - Hanafiah. This personal coupled with Al - Alawy family in conjunction with a strong, clear and mixed with its events and proceedings remarkable and memorable cannot deny that. He Has studied under his father, Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and he take from a multitude science of his brothers Imam Hassan and Hussein (peace be upon them) and he contemporary with the Imams Al - Sajjad and Baqir (peace be upon them), but his personality incurred to a case of ambiguity and foggy in some situations and sides in its motion , and was be a subject of the question and that motivated me to look for him is what I read from some of they have some quick convictions towards this personality that he did not come out with his brother Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) to Karbala, whereas he has not respect as observed in treated a lot of people with him, as well as from what I have read some of the quotes to make him as a negative evidence on his personality, so I choose this subject (Muhammad Al - Akber, the son of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) known as Ibn Al - Hanafiah.) attempt to remove this ambiguity that accompanied the life of this personality. The nature of the available material necessitated to us divided it on the introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion, including more important that reached in this research and appendix, therefore first chapter was entitled "The Life of Muhammad Ibn Al - Hanafiah and his biography," has included seven items , we studied in the first item his name and lineage, and we discussed in the second item for his nickname and surname ,and we highlighted in the third item on his birth and upbringing with his father, Imam Ali (peace be upon him) , but the fourth item has been specified for the study of his qualities and carried the title of the fifth item (his brothers). For large number we have chosen only three and two grandsons of Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) as Imam Hassan and Hussein (peace be upon them) and their brother Abou El Fadl Al - Abbas (peace be upon him) , and we clear the relationship Ibn Al - Hanafiah with them such a relationship based on love, harmony, respect, and we dealt with in the sixth item the cause of his wives and his children and concluded this chapter by the seventh item about his death and the multiplicity of stories about it , and his burial place. The second chapter carry the title "Jihadi and political role of the Mohammed Ibn Al - Hanafiah " has included six items , in the first item we studied the role of jihad in the Battle of the Camel year 36 AH. , and how was the standard - bearer of his father that day. The second item was specified to the study of his role in the battle of Saffeen of in 37 AH., and the third item addressed his role in the battle of the Naharawan year 38 AH ,or 39 AH and was said to shed light on the fourth item Ibn Al - Hanafiah position in the revolution of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) as we studied the most important reasons that prevented his participation in the incident Al - Taff painful. The fifth item included the position Mohammed Ibn Al - Hanafiah from succession of Abdullah Abn Zubair , Abdul Malik Abn Marwan , but the sixth item has studied the position of the Mohammed Ibn Al - Hanafiah of the Alkisanih faith which said his imamate , and the position of Imamate nephew Imam Ali Zainal Abidin (peace be upon him). the third chapter carry title " intellectual role of Ibn Al - Hanafiah " as it included six item studied, in the first item named (novels in interpretation) ,where the transfer of the commentators from Muhammad Ibn Al - Hanafiah the views of many in the interpretation of many of the verses of the Holy Quran
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هجرة الاتراك الى المانيا الاتحادية 1961 - 1990م == The Migration Of Turks To Federal Germany (1961 - 1990)

Author name: ريزان جلال احمد
Supervisor name: صباح مهدي رميض القريشي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: After the Second World War, Turkey has confronted hard economic conditions, in addition to the defeat of Germany in the Second World War; a matter caused great destruction in its infrastructure and economic facilities as well as great causalities. All these reasons caused shortage in the labor market; a matter affected the country reconstruction capabilities, especially after creating Berlin's wall, which means that the man power was required, therefore the immigration was opened to many countries including Turkey since 1961. Thus, the dissertation was titled (The Immigration of Turks to Federal Germany 1961 - 1990, historical study). The dissertation was divided into four chapters, introduction and conclusion. The first chapter viewed the course of the political situations in both countries after the Second World War until 1960). This chapter contained two inquiries; the first one consisted of three articles, the first one was (Turkey and the developments of the political internally and externally), while the second one came under the title (The Democratic party and establishing the Turkish state’s Firms 1950 - 1960). The third one was titled (Turkey and the foreign relations system 1945 - 1960). The second inquiry discussed the problems of the Second World War and its consequences on Germany, reconstruction plans and the economic developments during the period (1945 - 1960). The second chapter discussed the subject of Turks immigration reasons, motivations and attraction factors of the receiving country the first migration attempts, where it included three inquiries, the first on came under the title (The Turkish immigration, its motivations and reasons), while the second one was titled (The attraction factors of the receiving country (Federal Germany) for the Turkish immigrants). The third inquiry was allocated to the (First attempts of Turkish workers migration and looking for work opportunities in Federal Germany. The third chapter discussed the (Turkish - German migration agreement, its terms, conditions and reflections on the Turkish immigrants in Federal Germany 1961 - 1974), where it consist of five inquiries; the first one discussed the prefaces of concluding the agreement and its conditions, while the second inquiry was allocated to the (Agreement of 30 November 1961 and its legal frame and joint work mechanisms). The third inquiry continued a brief on the (Geographical distribution map according to the rates of the immigrants from the Turkish governorates 1961 - 1974). The fourth inquiry discussed the (Backgrounds of Turkish immigrants and categorizing them according to educational qualification, professional diversity and the internal and external effects. The fifth inquiry was allocated to the (First generation of Turkish immigrants, review to their social and living conditions in the new home 1961 - 1974). The fourth chapter was titled "increasing the level of the Turkish immigration to Federal Germany and the position of the federal government of it 1974 - 1990). It included four inquiries, the first one came under the title (The Turkish immigrants and the pressure of the German laws to restrict the migration), while the second inquiry has discussed (The problems of Turkish immigrants to Federal Germany). The title of the third inquiry was (The Muslim Turks immigrants between the acceptance of Germans and their rejects). The fourth inquiry, was (Interfaces activity of Turkish immigrants in Federal Germany 1974 - 1990). The dissertation has reached several conclusions, including the declined Turkish economy, which caused wide protest among the people against the economic policy of Turkish government that caused economic problems especially in countryside; in addition to the increase of unemployment rates, which led to immigration to Federal Germany. Turkish Kurdistan suffered from severe backwardness in comparison with other Turkish regions. They also suffered from forcing the displacement to the west areas of Turkey, which caused the emergence of several Kurdish movements in these areas, but all were depressed by the state, a matter led to the migration of those people to Federal Germany, escaping oppression and demanding better life conditions. The Turkish migration to the Federal Germany called the guest workers according to the Turkish - German agreement of 30 October 1961, to fill the gap of working hands, to reconstruct Germany. Women had a share in the Turkish migration, but less than the men. The Turkish migration to Germany continued in spite of the ban of employment in 1973, and the strict procedures imposed by the German government. Perhaps the most outstanding problem from which the Turkish migrants suffers was the identity and assimilation to the new home, where many Germans consider Muslims as unable to assimilate to the Western culture. The guest workers of the first generation were not considered immigrated workers, but they are formed with their families a Turkish cultural and economic community known as the ghetto. The Turkish migrants to Germany established societies and political organizations, which took the task of demanding their rights in Turkey. For the reverse immigration, a very little portion of the Turkish immigrates, especially the first generation decided to return home, while the second and third generations had preferred to stay in their new home. However, the decision to reunite the two Germanys had affected the level of Turkish migration to, and did not prosper until more than 3 years.
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امنة الصدر (بنت الهدى) 1937 - 1980م : دراسة تاريخية == Amina Alsadir (Bnt Alhuda) 1937 - 1980 (Historical Study)

Author name: ريام احمد عبد الزبيدي
Supervisor name: كريم مراد عاتي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of historical personality consider as one of the significant studies as to its relation to historical events , especially if these personalities experienced unannounced rule , in another hand what add importance to these historical personality that is not limited to men only but also women have widespread rule and that push the researcher to choose these personality in particular as she played a significant rule directly related with modern Islamic movement , nearly a little academic studies have mentioned a feminine personality which strongly attached to historical events in particular those whose practice their deeds secretly and haven’t clearly announced ,accordingly the researcher through this study seeks to spot the light on the social , educational and political rule of woman rule through the study of feminine personality as model of Iraqi woman (Amina Haider Al Sader) whose acted a significant rule on the social , educational and political level. According to the duration of the study is limited with a period (1937 - 1980 a.m) represented by the subject of study which is her personal life that involves on many topics associated with the different suggestions , thoughts and visions of the personality whereas the study includes a discussion for some suggestions and thoughts that associated with woman and the modern Islamic visions toward her also discuss the literature works of Amina Al - Sadir that indirectly oriented toward woman whereas she suggested some problems that face woman in the social life and she also suggested some suitable solutions for them through the principles of Islamic law which rise the woman state, some of these thoughts presented by literature stories. The study include the educational and social rule of Amina Alsadir that presented through many educational and social platforms represented by her supervisions on non - government girl schools in addition to make many awareness conferees by which many of her Islamic visions has been suggested. The study also contain the political activity of Amin Al - Sadir that acted by various periods of her life that consider as completion of her social activity and important part of it, in addition to her directed conflict with political regime until her martyrdom. Through study of this personality the research conclude many finding , the most important are Amina Al - Sadir act one part of modern Islamic movement through her relationship with her brother Mohammed Baqir Al - Sadir, in addition to suggested thoughts and visions that suggested by Amina represented as a link between the modern reality and Islamic principles in a direct way, Amina was so far from of being rigorist to reach her restricted theory to woman to make her feel her state in the society and prepare her in socially and educationally so she can educate a generation whose have aim and restricted destination whereas Amina endeavored the educational base of woman strong to practice her rule in society in a completed way and can stand against to anti - Islamic theories firmly and strongly and in order to achieve this ,Amina started her preparation of woman by identify the importance of her state in Islam and society to support her confidence consequently to prepare awareness generation of women
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الاسر الفارسية واثرها الفكري على الحضارة الاسلامية في العصور العباسية 132 - 656هـ/ 750 - 1258م == Persian Familes And Intell Ellectual Impact Boil Islamic Civilization In Abbasid Times (123 - 656 H.D/750 - 1258 A.D)

Author name: رؤى رعد علي السامرائي
Supervisor name: بهجة علي محمد
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: We reviewed our tagged (Persian Families intellectual impact on Islamic civilization in Abbasid times (123 - 656 h/750 - 1258 A.d) cultural links that existed between arabs and Persians that were the cause of intellectual exchanges amongciuilization and study contains preliminary to the era in which the Persian Families lived and how they have evolved Cultural life and its evolution the most important intellectual center that were prevalentin that era and then divided the study into three Chapter of the first Chapter Contains Three detectives First section dealt with geographical of Persia and Persain Families said by al Phabet and al - as Frini Family and al - bayhaqi Family and al - Baramkeh Family and al - Jouini Family and al - roiani Family and al - Sarkhasi Family and the Second Section contains al - Samaani Family and al - Shhami Family and al - Shirazi Family and al - Sabone Family and al - Saedi Family and al - Kiahrasi Family and al - qushayri Family. The Third Section wich Included al - Kraei Family and al - Ikaei Family and al - Monagm Family and al - Mazaki Family and al - Masergsi Family and Naubakht Family and al - Nashi Family and al - Nesabori Family. The Second Chapter has Included the Impact of Intellectual Families Parsianin Science Transport , it is divided in two Sections Contained The First Section The Impact of Persian Families in religious Sciences such as tafsir and Hadith and figh. Either the Second contained Contributions Frome Families in literary Sciences such as Poetry and literature and rhetoric. The Third Chapter of the intellectual impact of Persian Families in mentalscience and ensure that Chapter three detectives. The First Section contains the intellectual of Persian Families in medical Science and mathematic and Chemistry. Tither the Second Section contained Following Persian Families Teach Tricks and astronomy and astrology and science of Translation. The Third Section has included intellectual impact in the Persian Families in the Theology and Science of music and The Science of history, And our studies on this subject have reached several outcomes : 1. There were several factors helped development of intellectual life in Abbasid Baghdad especially being the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate became the place for prosperity of the scientific movement which led to attract large numbers of scholars of Persia, left a clear imprint on the March and the most important of these factors the spread of Islam and evolution of translation movement As well as the political situation that prevailed this time and the emergence of independent principalities and sponsoring science and scientific centres have a major cultural role in the prosperity of the Abbasid era.2. The study highlights the geographical location of Persia as Persia enjoyed an important geographical location which is part of the Islamic Orient and Persia and especially by Europeans of the Islamic Orient.3. He was a Persian families significant impact in stimulating intellectual movement and flourish in the Abbasid times as many households in Persian that long and take care of a lot of science, as it was mostly the encyclopedic scientists who take care of a lot of science in various aspects and worked on creating their own schools scientists teaching these families upon their death bury them.4. The study highlighted the intellectual contributions to Persian families and their impact in Islamic civilization where they excelled in multiple domains without a specific science specialization, we find them excelled in religious sciences such as modern interpretation and jurisprudence, which was the bulk of emergence in which scientists and literary Sciences excelled section of poetry and literature and eloquence and another excelled at mental science such as medicine, engineering and tricks, chemistry and other sciences.5. She held the religious sciences ample space for scholars of Persian families and large numbers of them emerged in tafsir and Fiqh and science of greater numbers in modern science and who were most active people seeking knowledge.6. As the study highlighted literary contributions to Persian families, don't overlook that large numbers of Persian families had an important impact in the poetic side, wrote poems and poetry and were among the poets and authors.7. Persian families contributed in mathematics, chemistry and science of scams and wrote many books on Science.8. As the study showed Persian families contributions in astronomy and astrology and popped in this whole science naubakht mine beds baramkeh.9. Scholars of Persian families contributed to traffic and translation and fixed bases in translation and some of them had a material and moral assistance for translators as a family they give me gifts; who mine baramkeh funds on scientis.10. Popped mine family family family Jouini alnobkht in theology and the whole family was prominent in most naubakht this flag.11. The entire family contributed to the mine and baramkeh musicology and wrote much literature on this flag.12. Nishaburi family contributed to the science of history and put several workbooks what our history book Nishapur to father Abdullah nishaburi which count of historical books on the history and mission of Nishapur
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مصالي الحاج ودوره السياسي في الجزائر حتى عام 1974م == Messali Al Hadj And His Political Role In Algeria Until 1974

Author name: رنده زيدان خليف رشيد النعيمي
Supervisor name: يحيى كاظم حمود المعموري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Algeria, which is one of the Arab Maghreb countries, was under French occupation in 1830 after forcing Ottoman occupation out, to become its replacement. National figures, such as Messali Hadj (1898 - 1974), worked hard to establish fronts, groupings, and blocs to challenge the new occupation which tried to Frenchify Algeria. Algerian historians disagreed about this figure, where some of them considered him as obedient to French occupation and accused him of treason while others considered him as a nationalist who struggled through following peaceful methods and international channels to submit the Algerian problem in order to stop or reduce bloodshed. Therefore, this difference about Messali Hadj resulted in different political situations which led to this confusion in general considerations about this figure. In this study, we put the lights on the character of Messali Hadj and we found that he was one of the nationalists who tried to convey his thoughts to get occupation out of the country without using armed force and by peaceful methods. Eventually, he convinced that it is necessary to use force. As a result of existing conflicts between those who stood up to liberate Algeria, he retired from political action, and yet he didn’t participate in the revolution of 1954 which granted Algeria full independence. Through examining the course of events, we found that the results reached by the researcher are : 1 - Messali Hadj is one of Algerian nationalists who affected the Algerian history and spent most of his live in struggle and resisting French occupation. 2 - National movements appeared in Algeria through national and religious figures after second world war and after returning most of young recruits to the country. 3 - Messali Hadj took part in establishing a party which succeeded in north Africa, where he was one of its founding members and hold leadership of the party in 1927. 4 - Messali Hadj was well known for his national spirit through his enthusiastic speeches for Algerian people or in the international forums. However he followed peaceful methods to present claims of Algerian people and achieve them. So, he decided to seek with all of his strength to submit claims of Algerian people in League of Nations and other conferences which were held to make reconciliation between the occupation and people of Algeria in a way that illustrate the sufferings of Algerians
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الاحباس في مصر من القرن الخامس الهجري وحتى القرن الثامن الهجري : دراسة تاريخية == The Endowment In Egypt From The Fifth Century A.H Till The Eighth Century A.H. : A Historical Study

Author name: رغيد كمر مجيد الخالدي
Supervisor name: هيفاء عاصم محمد الطيار
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تتناول الدراسة موضوع(الاحباس في مصر من القرن الخامس الهجري وحتى القرن الثامن الهجري دراسة تاريخية) وهو موضوع متعدد الجوانب، ففي تلك الحقبة الزمنية حكمت مصر ثلاثة دول(الفاطمية والايوبية والمملوكية) انتقلت فيها مصر من حالة عقائدية يمثلها الفاطميون(الشيعة ا | The present study deals with the endowment in Egypt from the fifth century a.h. till the eighth century a.h. as a historical study. This is a multi - level subject. During that period, Egypt was ruled by three different ststes : the Fatimids, the Ayoobids, and the Mamlukis. So, Egypt was transformed from being a religious state represented by the Fatimids into another one having a variation in religious faith represented by the Ayoobids and then the Mamlukis. When such a change of belief had its impact on Egypt, intellectually in specific, it also had its effect in establishing new educational and religious institutions, such as schools and khanqaahat established byn the Ayoobidsin order to put up with the Fatimid thought so as to be replaced by Sunni belief along with its four schools of thought. Those institutions got extended more during the Mamluki era, when to which various endowment and offices were specified by the endowmend donators. In my opinion, the subject is but a single instance within the series of studies of the endowmend from the historical perspective in the Islamic State. Undoubtedly, the society has always been in need to the endowmend since good pious deeds go for ever.In so far as the subject represents a historical follow - up to the system of endowmend in Egypt, it is made clear throughout the study put forward, that the Fatimid State had witnessed the establishment of the pious legacy system. Then, the system advanced more during the Ayoobid State era until it got its full shape in the Mamluki era.Further, the subject has another important aspect which is the study of endowmend institutions. Such a study would make it possible to get more acquaintance with those great achievements of the Islamic State in fields unshared by other non - Islamic States.Also, the endowmend system used to have many positive effects in Islamic state communities in general, and in Egypt in particular. It achieved luxury as well as made extensive the educational and health care in Egypt. What is more, it led to the continuous refurbishment of religious buildings there; it was that system which helped to protect most of the historical relics intact up to now.And due to the importance of those amount of money allocated to the system in so far as being associated with people's lives, the system got the great care of administration practiced by the States which successively ruled Egypt. The goal was to systematise the revenues and expenses in the system because it was considered as one of the financial resources of the State, a situation in which the endowmend became an integral part of the Egyptian economy life.The study has been made into a preliminary and five chapters in addition to an introduction and a statement of conclusions. The preliminary was entitled as : The endowmend in Egypt before the Fifth Century a.h.\ the Eleventh Century A.D.The first chapter studied the meaning, rules, legality, types and reasons of the endowmend. It included three sections : the first showed the linguistic and terminological meanings of endowmend; and displayed some of its rules; the second was devoted to studying the legal evidence of endowmend in the Quran, the Prophetly Sunnah, Ahlul - Bait tradition (the prophet's household ), and the General Consent; the third was made to the exposition of the types of and the reasons behind the establishment of endowmend.The second chapter tackled the administration of the endowmend and its impact on the economical aspect along the challenges it used face. It included three sections : the first exposed the administrative framework of the endowmend Divan; the second showed the impact on the economical aspect; while the third was specified to studying the challenges faced thereof.The third chapter tackled the administration of the endowmend and its impact the religious institutions. It went through three sections : the first studied mosques; the second exposed leagues, khanqaahat, and Small mosques; while the third section was devoted to showing other religious services; and what is more, it presented an account of the effect of endowmend in the continuation of these institutions and the facilities provided thereby.The fourth chapter shed light on the impact practiced by the endowmend on the educational institutions. It fell into three sections : the first displayed the most important institutions, which were schools, a situation yielded because the endowmend used have a great role in the provision of services to students; the second exposed other educational centres; and the third showed the role of pious legacy in supporting the educational institutions via libraries.As for the fifth chapter, it took care of dealing with the influence of the endowmend on health institutions. It consisted of two sections : the first exposed the most important health institutions (Pemarstanat or 'hospitals') where the role there was to support those financially in order to continue working; and the second was devoted to elaborating on the service of health care provided other institutions.Out of all this, we have come with the following : • endowmend, is considered one of the essential types of alms encouraged by Islam.• Due to the variation of Jurists' views concerning endowmend upon all times, where the aim had been to raise people's living standards by giving the chance to those who wished to pay, that standard - raising got deviated away from its natural course, of being a mere all - going charity, via being used by some to achieve unrightfully their personal aims.• Jurists played a distinct role in flourishing endowmend, for had it been not for their firm - standing views against the transgression over endowmend, it would not have continued, and never have been of such a role in the society.• The State took a great care of the endowmend administration in so far as being related closely to society via its relationship with many facility institutions.• The Fatimid State witnessed the systematic endowmend; then, the system developed more during the Ayoobids era when, after that, it took its full shape and spread extensively so as to include all life aspects during the Mamluki era.• Women had their prominent contribution to the endowmend, a state of affairs which included many fields such as religious and educational institutions.• The endowmend contributed in achieving a great role in the establishment of religious institutions which had the role to play in the prosperity of Islamic civilization. • The endowmend took part keeping safe the borders of the Islamic State via supporting al - Jihad bases as well as freeing captives and trying to provide them with facilities at their families' residence places.• The endowmend endowmend included furthermore many other important life aspects which would serve different classes of society, like the educational facilities. They contributed in providing the great financial support on which such institutions depended.• The endowmend took part in supporting health institutions, because the level of health service introduced depended totally on the amounts of money given.Eventually, it could be said that despite the existence of the 'State' and its supplying money to the society facilities, pious humanitarian legacies could also be oriented to serve the community.As well, the 'State' had to find legal forms ensuring the statement - of conditions proposed by endowmend donators, because such a recognition to their conditions would no doubt lead to encouraging good - doers to give up some of their possessions to the pious legacy.If truly we wanted to make use of the endowmend in Islam, we had to go back to the original concept in Islam, as being an all - going charity in order for it to carry out the role it was in basis put to play in the cooperation and solidarity of the community
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وزارة الداخلية العراقية 1958 - 1963م : دراسة تاريخية == The Ministry Of Al - Iraqia Interior 1958 - 1963 Historical Study

Author name: سرمد سعد يوسف طاهر
Supervisor name: عكاب يوسف عليوي الركابي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: Is the subject of the Iraqi Interior Ministry 1958 - 1963 subjects with large and the great importance that accompanied the study of events in the modern history of Iraq, which was an extension of the era of the monarchy in which the ministry was founded for the first time when the formation of the Iraqi Interim Government in the October 25, 1920 under the chairmanship of Mr. Abdul Rahman al - Naqib. Select the message subject and title between 1958 - 1963 of the importance of this era of the modern history of Iraq, where Iraq has seen the fall of the monarchy in the morning of the fourteenth of July 1958 at the hands of a number of military officers led by Abdul Karim Kassem and Abdul Salam Mohammed Arif and officers Liberal, either determine the end the message for up to 1963 it represents the end of the first republican era, which ended with a coup on the morning of February 8, 1963, and the execution of Abdul Karim Qassem, the ninth of the month of February 1963. The purpose of the letter to clarify the most important administrative and national variables ministry structure after the end of the monarchy and to engage in the republican era and add new variables and the implications for the political and social life and the provision of services is not security only, but the service and management had taken an area of the possibilities of this ministry and activities. Divided the message on the front and four chapters and a conclusion, the first chapter dealt with the follow - up situation in Iraq during the First World War (1914 - 1918) and the British administration and the events of the twentieth revolution and the establishment of the interim government in the October 25, 1920 under the chairmanship of Mr. Abdul Rahman al - Naqib and the establishment of the monarchy in Iraq in August 23, 1921 and the coronation of King Faisal first king of Iraq and the establishment of the ministry, which was one of the key ministries from the first moment in the interim government and the appointment of Mr. Taleb al - Naqib as the first minister of the interior in the interim government, followed thereafter Mr. Ramsey your Tawfiq al - Khalidi..., presenting an overview of the evolution of the ministry until the outbreak of the revolution of July 14, 1958 Iraq's entry into the republican era after the fall of the monarchy and the most prominent political variables that guided Iraq policy in that period from 1958 to 1963. Prey for the second quarter to the great significance topics in the conduct of the security, political, administrative and service life in the ministry's headquarters and its security institutions and departments of service to address the most important and the most prominent preliminary steps and preliminary to restructure the ministry starting from the formation of the first ministry of the Government leader Abdul Karim Kassem, and the position of the minister and the agency of Colonel General Abdul Salam Mohammed Arif until his dismissal from office in the September 30, 1958 after the intensification of the conflict between them because of the last call for immediate union with the United Arab Republic (Egypt and Syria) and approached the Gamal Abdel Nasser and the appointment of Gen. leader Ahmed Mohamed Yahya, who has held the post until February 8, 1963 and explaining the importance of executive power law No. 74 of 1959 and what happened from splitting and the addition of a number of directorates and departments of the ministry, which was affiliated to the Ministry of the Interior in the monarchy, which later became the ministries and departments of independent interest such as municipalities and electricity, sewage and prisons structure. Was addressed in this chapter also to ministerial regulations that changed the course of work of the ministry and decryption administrative bottlenecks in the New Testament, including the Regulation No. 41 of 1959 and Act No. 18 of 1960 and finally Regulation No. 38 of 1961. Review in the third quarter, which came under the Iraqi Interior Ministry functions and responsibilities of the title of 1958 - 1963 on the security side and its successes and achievements during that period in the security side, which is the primary goal and main paramount in the work of the ministry and the security events were many and varied, including Shawwaf movement in the March 8 1959 events of Kirkuk, July 14, 1959 and the attempted assassination of the leader Abdul Karim Kassem in the October 7, 1959 and a strike of gasoline in March 1961. The fourth chapter, which was complemented by the third chapter in the Iraqi Interior Ministry tasks 1958 - 1963 and responsibilities in the political, administrative and service side and the most prominent achievements in those aspects that were fields fertile ground for the development of fingerprint ministry where the granting of passports to people, cars and services, civil defense and rescue, public holidays and the law of arms and works to build schools, health clinics and monitoring the work of trade unions and the establishment of political parties and associations. This is what makes search out a set of conclusions of the points are critical and reached by the study, including the fact that the ministry is one of the key ministries of the political, security and administrative and service quartet effect which has been of significance and overlapping of their work at the heart of the work of other ministries, the position of the ministry chock and supportive since the monarchy even the republican era the first period of know - how. This is what can be seen from the structure of its proximity to the Ministry of Local Administration Department as one of the important districts and a key that worked in all four in ten brigades Iraq at the time. Through the ministerial regulations (MOI) has been developed and deleted a number of districts by what came as a prelude to the Executive Authority Act No. 74 of 1959 and the introduction of positions of the Agency Minister's Office and the Directorate of Police (Rescue and queries) and other people and departments. These variables were in functional and administrative structure came in proportion to the needs and requirements of the new phase. The ministry had faced embarrassing and harsh conditions in the realm of political and security of life from the first moment after the success of the revolution of July 14, 1958 until February 8, 1963, represented the actions of security and tactical steps and positions of these events that have been successful in some of them and some had a negative attitude to non - treated and this is clearly stated in the success in controlling and restore stability after and during Shawwaf movement in Mosul, March 8, 1959 and the events of Kirkuk, July 14, 1959 in calming the situation in the October 7, 1959 when he tried bunch of Baathists assassinated leader Abdul Karim Kassem in Rasheed Street, while they were having failures in the transfer of the facts correct and clear the street by the General Security Directorate and its official Colonel Abdul Majid Jalil, who was a believer that the arrest and imprisonment, and the investigation was enough to control the security situation, citing that things are going as planned and there are no external and internal risks affecting the sovereignty and the government and the revolution, and this is what came contrary to the events of the coup 8 February 1963. The ministry also was almost broken at the beginning of the rule of the revolution control of the military to important positions in the ministry and the militarization of the Republic and the negligence of some security figures who have had a shot to good in security work and the reputation of either the fact that the fear of the leaders of the revolution of the loss of the revolution because of their belief that the security services contained some anti - era elements Royal or because of their faith in the spirit in which the military took over the duties and tasks of the security services and their disregard for the role. The position of the military ruler who filled corner leader Ahmed Saleh al - Saidi and his involvement in small and large each passing judgments, statements and decisions customary tightened the noose on the Ministry of Interior and is a clear example, so that some of the duties of communism, including the Popular Resistance Committees maintenance Republic teams began to take the site and the work of the ministry in many Sometimes even been suspended its activities by claiming felt after the failure of the military institution in maintaining security and safety of citizens in the events of Mosul and Kirkuk and others. The ministry has regained its prestige and its control after the year 1960 and began working with the Ministry of Defence in the same importance and direction in a joint cooperation to maintain security and order within the country to follow the associations, newspapers and demonstrations, meetings and activities of banned groups and follow - up communist activities and the Baathists and nationalists after he was diagnosed they main protagonists in everything that happens from a security disturbance inside the country as she was diagnosed in early what the government is planning to change the Republican era first and this is what actually happened in the February 8, 1963
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العلاقات الامريكية - البحرينية 1971 - 1988 : دراسة سياسية عسكرية == The Us - Bahrain Relations 1971 - 1988 A Political Military Study

Author name: رجاء رحيم مرسول ال نصر الله
Supervisor name: قبس ناطق محمد الدليمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Unitd State of America interest in Arabian Gulf began since 1833 represented by send commissionaires as first step.It seeks to show its interest and provide services to strengthen the relations with people of Arabian Gulf through teaching and health services. The American preacher represented American interests and they established centers in Bahrain and other Arabian Gulfs regiins. American interests were developed after its oil companies were awarded the charter of Bahrain oil in the time when it had no true policy towards Arabian Gulf before Second World war It considered it as British domination region.After It particioate in the Second World War with Allies in 1939 its foreign policy started to move. Arabian Gulf entered the regional interests. The negotiations began with Gulf countries to give it military facilitations causing the competition between United States and Britain which its severity eased after end of Second World domination. Through the discussion of the dissertation it appears that the strategic location and huge oil treasures in Arabian Gulf attracted colonists and invaders which saw that liberation of the region from colonialism means eliminate all forms of exploitation and colonialism.Arabiam Gulf exposed to conflicts of greed colonial countries specially Britain an United States that connect Arabian Gulf interests with their monopoly oil companies to maintain the current situation and fight national powers and stand against advaanced thoughts to Arabian Gulf Area. The end of the Second World War is considered as turn point in the nature of American policy towards Arabian Gulf specially its military existence in Bahrain as resulted from Britain withdraw from Arabian Gulf in 1968 and abandin its historical responsibilities in this region. It occurred because of world changes in the end of the Second World War that led to appearance of United State power that entered the region as a strong competitor of Britain policy specially when direct colonialism became not worthy after appearance on indirect forms in which colonial countries maintain their interests without use of military force. Bahrain fears appeared from the results of Britain withdrawal from Arabian Gulf as it feared from Iran greed to control it. Iran use Britain withdrawal to have regional role to serve American interests in Arabian Gulf through American Administration introduce of Nixon principle based on balance of two pillars Saudi Arabia and Iran. Iran occupied the three Arabic islands in cooperation with Britain that controlled Arabian Gulf. Thus the political and military relations was developed after it acquired independency in 1971 where American officials said that Bahrain is the strategic ally out of NATO specially after the change of Iran regime, fall of Shah Mohammed Ridha Baglawy in 1979 and Iran - Iraq war.All that led to establisd Gulf Cooperation Council with Bahrain as Active member in 1981.Also the beginning of American military and political support as it considered it as Arabic organization that aims to make communication and cooperation between the six countries of the Gulf. The military and political cooperation was crystalized between United State and Bahrain as the six consequent and a center for protecting American interests in and a location to watch Iran movements in Gulf coasts. Also United States sought to support military and security defennses of Bahrain defense force. Thus several military and political agreements were made between United States and Bahrain. It provide Bahrin with weapons and military instruments.It supplied modern Bahrain army and strength it for stability of security and protect Bahrain regime from any conspiracy to overthrough it. This study aims to analyze political and military relations between United States and Bahrain in the period (1971 - 1988). The reason behind choosing this period as it is the date of independence of Bahrain in 1971 from Britain occupation that last for one hundred and fifty days in which it spread discrimination between the components of Bahrain and interfere in its internal relation. The year 1988 represented historical stage in Arabian Gulf with the end of Iraq - Iran War and the influence of American role in international politics in Arabian Gulf in general and in Bahrain policy specially. This study explained that the roots of American belongs to earlier stages of modern history. Bahrain state was distinguished by great strategic importance because its geographical relations as it locate on the strait that stretched along Arabian Gulf towards Hermiz strait and to Oman Gulf to represent cross point of communication roads among Asia Africa and Europe. All oil and non - oil exports and imports of the Gulf pass through this road. These reasons give Bahrain exceptional importance for the powers that seek to protect naval transport and oil fields or to attack it.It represent military importance used by United States to established military bases to secure its strategic interests. Also,Bahrain was an important center of energy after the discovery of oil and beginning of production in commercial amounts.Thus the aim of United States in continue flow of oil is behind the trends of American policy towards Bahrain. The policy of Bahrain was not an easy matter after independence. It face several difficulties such As Iran claims of sovereignty on Bahrain Islands. In the beginning the thought was at wide union that includes (Q atar, Bahrain, Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Shariqa,, Aas Al Kahima, Um - elqiween, Fujairah and Ajman),but its union with UAE was not successful for many reasons such as the difference of ministerial representation and choose of the union capital. Finally it declare its independence as a sovereign state internationally and Arabic recognized.After overthrough of Shah of Iran in 1979 and declare on Iran Islamic Republic which works against American interests the attitude of Bahrain from new regime in Iran which contrast it ideologically and the reflection of influence of Islamic revolution in iran of internal situation because of Shiite majority that support Iran. These reasons made United States to find a solution to maintain it interests that cinfront risk after the fall of its ally Shah of Iran (the policeman of the gulf). It works on break a long war between Iraq and Iran to weaken the tow countries and deplete their powers. This war achieved many objectives for the United States the most important was to hold Soviet expansion towards Arabian Gulf. It works to find permanent military bases in Bahrain and other Gulf countries. Thus it works to militarize the region to defend its vital interests. This matter made the six gulf states to cooperate to confront international and regionl conflict. They established Gulf Cooperation Council to face the influences of first Gulf War (Iraq - Iran War). United States support Gulf Cooperation Council and deals with it as a world organization. Thus American administration began to interest in Bahrain and makes political and military relation with it. It considered Bahrain as a strategic ally although it is a small country with limited economic. It is from American point of view has a great military features made it of great value to watch Iran coasts through establishing radars devices on the boraders with Iran which seeks to develop its nuclear program to spread its domination on the region. The United States refuses Iran acquiring these weapons which cause other countries attempt to acquired it as well as it sends the Fifth American Squadron to intervene in case of a war breakout or face threat of external force especially Bahrain is politically unstable country. That makes it asking United States for aid and support to stable its internal situation and protect its foreign boarders. The reason behind the researcher choosing this subject is the lack of Arabic library to this subject studies and few studies that deals with this subject. That made the researcher face difficulties in gathering the references and resources related to the study American - Bahrain relation specially in the period of the study Second, it is difficult to travel to Bahrain state to bring documents. The researcher met UAE Ambassador Mr. Salah El - Maliky who refused to give the visa to Bahrain.
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مخــطوطات البحر الميت : دراسة في الطائفة الاسينيـة == The Manuscripts Of The Dead Sea A Study Of The Essenion Community

Author name: رائد رحيم خضير
Supervisor name: غسان عبد صالح
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study is the first comprehensive study of the Academy in Iraq and the Arab world, on the subject of the Dead Sea Scrolls the study Essenes community. To facilitate the study of the subject was divided into two parts ; the first was titled "Dead Sea Scrolls", and included three chapters, distributor each and every one of them on two sections, a comprehensive study of the area of Qumran geographically included The reason for the settlement and the stages through which the region, as well as the entire revenue of the story the discovery of manuscripts by Jordanian shepherd Mohammed Deeb Altamera, with a full description of what was found in eleven caves, sealing the first chapter lists the era notation manuscripts and its ownership and the languages that are written. The second section of the first chapter of this section Fajts talking about the contents of the caves, which divided the researcher to biblical manuscripts and scrolls Mnholh, scripts authored by the sect that inhabited Qumran area. The second chapter of the first section , it is the other distributor on two sections , the first included a comprehensive study of the geographical, cultural and political terms the findings desolate area refunded and the Valley of the boxes , the second topic is to study the cultural and political impact of these discoveries through the semi - detailed for the most important translations of the Old Testament to explain. The third chapter he put under the title of "waste material", which is also divided into two sections from the first physical residue of the remains of the settlement of Qumran study, while the second section, examining a discovery of the money and the position of the sect started manuscripts from this site housing.The second section, Vtalv of three seasons, and was placed under the title "A Study in Al Essenes community," included the first chapter two sections, the first chapter in which to talk about the origins of Alosinyin and derive their name and the meaning and origin and prepare them in Palestine. The second section of this chapter has been devoted to the study of the relative links and intellectual Al Essenes with communities in the region, such as Al - assideens , Mtaahidi Damascus, Alasah, Alsekara, and others.The second chapter is also on two sections, the first of it to study the political connections of Essenes with Jewish groups, such as (Al Machabee, Sadducees, Al Pharisiens). The second section of this chapter, it is the political links Essenes with non - Jewish elements (the Nabataea's, Romans, Seleucids). The third and final chapter is about organizational beliefs of the sect Al Essenes , and talk about the separation of the regulatory side of the Al Essenes and Conditions join them and their rejection of earthly delights and commitment loi Mosaic, and appended thesis conclusion included the most important findings of the researcher.
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الرواية التاريخية عند الشيعة الامامية في احداث القرن الاول الهجري : دراسة تحليلية للمصادر حتى القرن السابع الهجري == The Historical Novel When Shiites Forehand To Bring About The First Century, An Analytical Study Of The Sources Until The Seventh Century

Author name: رافد عبد الحسن ماهور الجادري
Supervisor name: حسين داخل زويهي البهادلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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الامام حميد بن ابي حميد الطويل ت 341 ه / 067 م سيرته ومروياته التاريخية == Imam Hameed Bin Abu Hameed Altawel His Biography And Historical Mroyate ( 143 AH / 760 AD )

Author name: دلير صلاح عبد الرحمن سليمان الجاف
Supervisor name: عبود حمود شنتاف الرحالي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Anbar
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: The ?rst chapter : his name and the nickname, also known as Family and its inception until his death, also took his time and witnessed the private city of Basra, political events and some parts of the Arab and Islamic countries, because he was born and grew up and died in Basra, and he was interested in the application of science and education without being occupied by these events after realized that the scienti?c and intellectual activity that is famous for the city of Basra in the mosque and scientists houses and supervision, including the markets for Mirbid market and the in?ux from scientists from Makkah and Medina , Kufa , Sham and others, who have become Shaikh to him, and his disciples after he won the holiday. Chapter II : dealt with the Shaikhs of Imam Hameed Altach which numbered more than forty - Shaikh was headed by Anas Ibn Malik and Hasan al - Basri, and T habit ibn Aslam and others. Also addressed the students of the Imam Hamid term whose numbers more than ?fty pupils, was led by the Sufian Al thoawri, and Malik ibn Anas and others, and also included the views of the scholars in it. Chapter III : Historical of Mroyate from Adam (peace be upon him) to the Farewell of the Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) and included mention news some prophets such as Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus (peace be upon I them) and the source of the Prophet (Muhammad peace be upon him) and , emigrated to the Al madiana, Moakhah between immigrants and supporters, and his battles and conquests and Saraya. Chapter IV and the last : Mroyate as varied as the wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and rumors of some of the women, and the virtues of companions, and food and drink, but morality and justice, retribution, farms and spaces. Some news of the Caliphs and some news about the Caliph Abdul Malik bin Marwan, and the Caliph Omar Ibn Abdul Aziz also addressed. The conclusion included the most important ?ndings of the study
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الاغتيال السياسي في الدولة الفاطمية (297 - 567هـ - 909 - 1171م) == Political Assassination In The Fatimid State : 297 - 567 AH / 909 - 1171

Author name: دعاء سعود حسون نايف المسعودي
Supervisor name: حسين كاظم حسون القطب ال طعمة
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: most of the successors of the Fatimid state used assassination as a means to aberuncate opponents and dissidents and negligent in the performance of their work; has begun using this method since the era of Obaid al - Mahdi in the first months of life of the State; was the share of the credit for the first in its proposal Abu Abdullah Shiite and his brother Abu Abbas and a num Kutama tribe leaders carried on their shoulders this great state.. After the reign of the Mahdi number of cases of political assassination in the succession of his son - Alkem because of his absence continuing from the capital of succession as a result of concern hounding Rebel external dad over; and the situation continued as it as during the succession of his son AL Mansur, who did not find in his reigh only two cases of assassination; while the number of such cases in succession Moez Ledin Allah who use this method to eliminate increaswd his opponents either in North Africa or in Egypt... Although the use of ALmoes to this method, the son AL Aziz Bellah did not resort to them; But that did not prevent his successor Al - Hokim BiAmr Allah of using this way to find some kind of control over the men of their owns; The assassination was punishemente immediate affect both tempted to default in the performance of his or infringement the public domain or even infringement the caliph.. women's have contributed to contribution is evident in the proliferation of these phenomenon; and started it since the days of Caliph Al - Hokim BiAmr Allah when he intervened sister Princess sit AL Mulk was an important reason for the assassination of some statesmen; has increased its intervention this after the death of her brother, Al - Hokim BiAmr Allah; and charged with trusteeship son Al - dhaher le Iizaz Deen Allah; resorted to this method that toppled Badedda the state of men qualified to overcome this critical stage after that formed a major threat to state her nephew..... Not only the contribution of women these on the role of Princess Sit Al mulk; but spread to others; was in forgronnd Ms. rassad "the wife of Caliph Al - dhaher le Iizaz Deen Allah and the mother of his son al - Mustansir"; these maid black, which was most important in the deterioration witnessed the era of al - Mustansir after having to issue orders to assassinate a number of Men state; and then caused by the conflict between the slaves and the Turks, which killed a lot After the split of the Ismaili da'wa for the first time in 487A.F on two types : Nizari and Mstalih; due to one end of Nizar for succession and assassination with Nasser state Avtekin and the Judge son Ammar; cases occurred assassination of several long Caliph Alamer in 524 AH; did not go on this division less than fifty years until exposed Ismailia Musta'li to split a new following the death of Caliph Alamer in 524 AH; dropped influence because of this division the of the Fatimid Caliph who became the puppet in his ministers; accompanied the decline bitter struggle for the position of the ministry, which has become the share of the strongest; has created this conflict a number of cases of assassination Political began with the assassinating Minister Hazar Almelok. As a result of this deteriorating situation، which was experienced by the Fatimid caliphate because of the dominance of its ministers; recognizes the succession successors young tried to restore their powers usurped; witnessed the last ten years of age Fatimid state violent conflict on the position of the Ministry; engaged the limbs forces external represented with znkyin "followers of the Abbasids," and the Crusaders; and because of that Egypt opened it doors widly ;and that conflict was ended by the assassination of Shur and controling of the Salahuddin on the Ministries of the country and carrying out an end to the rule of this state in the year 567A.F
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وزارة الاصلاح الزراعي في العراق 1958 - 1968 : دراسة تاريخية == Ministry Agricultural Reform In Iraq, 1958 - 1968 Historical Study

Author name: داليا محمد شهاب العبيدي
Supervisor name: حيدر حميد رشيد
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This historical study highlights on one aspect of reality in ministry of Agriculture reform 1958 - 1068. Iraq witnessed during Royal Age political, social and economic development which were reflected on the formers life. This matter made the sense of injustice as a motive to abolish classism which was dominated at that time. The 14 of July 1958 Revolution came as a response for the ambitions of Iraqi people. The Revolution perform this by legalization of first Agriculture Reform Act No. 30 on 1958 which eliminate the authority of feudalism and big properties by divided them into little properties. This act application oblige the achievements of the designed purposes it was made for by create Ministry of Agriculture Reforms. This thesis shade a light on the influence of ministry of Agriculture in implementing the Act of Agriculture Reforms. Also the thesis discusses the influence it put on the farmers lit in the period between its foundation on 1958 till 1968. The thesis consist of introduction, preface, four chapters and conclusion, the preface discuses the essence of the subject. It introduces concentrate image on the attempts of agriculture reform in Iraq and its influence on the formers life. First chapter deals with discussion of Agriculture Reform Act No. 30 on 1958. It shade lights on the most important amendments in the period from 1958 to 1968 in detailed discussion and from the aspect of its reflection on implementing of Agriculture Reform Act. Also it review the political parties attitudes from the issue of this act. And the attitudes of Journals as well as the Act of Farming societies and the difficulties that this Act confront. The second chapter discusses on making the ministry of Agriculture Reforms, its directories and its committees as well as its a achievements during the period entailed by this study. Third chapter introduced the most important ministers practical and scientific careers and their influence in the Ministry of Agricultural Reforms. The forth chapter is about the achievements and activities and most important projects this Ministry introduced in the entailed period. We conclude that this Ministry came as a response to the economic and social situations for Iraqi farmer by Act of Agriculture Reforms as it made several projects and achievements.
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مدينة صور من الفتح الاسلامي حتى القرن السابع الهجري : دراسة في احوالها العامة == The City Of Surfrom The Islamic Conquest Until The Seventh Century A.H. A Study Of The General Conditions

Author name: خالـدة عباس نصيف الزهيري
Supervisor name: غنية ياسر كباشي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: When I have chosen (The City of Sur from the Islamic Conquest until the Seventh Century A.H.)I had to be obliged to the conducting of work towards that work in a decent war. I had to tackle the city from all angles : politically, economically, socially in poverty and prosperity. I have passed through the stages of the life in the city from the beginning of the Rashdi Caliphate )orthodox caliphs (and then passing through the degeneration era to the weakness which made it difficult from the Fatimid state to protect the fortified borderline cities and that has made them cede the city to the Turk leaders, who worked hard to protect them from the Crusade attacks. Thus, the affiliation of the city went to the protégé of the Tolonian and Akhshedia states. The weakness of the later led to the fall of the latter led to the conquest of the Levant in the hands of Saladin. This period was one of the most dangerous periods as far as the city age is concerned. This is because those who escaped the conquered cities agglomerated in the city of Sur and it has become a fort from the forts of the Crusades. The city has been exposed to years of devastation as it represents a coastal city on shore from which the enemy can penetrate. From the other aspects, we concluded that the city is one of the best cities. It was known in the fishery and pottery making and textile. It is a Shiite stronghold in Lebanon. Through the study we found that the city of Sur is prosperous in trade, industry, and intellectuality. We concluded that the Sur community was prevailed in peace and simplicity. Now, we have ended the research I mention the most important findings of the study like that the city of Sur was a cradle of civilization Phoenician cities. The matter of rope was imported from Egypt which is used in ship making. The wood was brought from the nearby forests in Carthage city, which competed with Rome in the command of the Mediterranean Sea since the sixth century. The Suris excelledin textile and weaving and the purple dye which the Phoenicians kept secret to monopolize the formulae. The water passages which arrived at the city of Sur. Sur was one of the oldest cities in coinage and the spread of the Sur dinar until the very last day of its fall indicates its richness. Since the year (69 - 79 BC) Sur began to mintcoins as an autonomous entity. In the era of Emperor Trajan (119 - 98 BC) the Sur was known for mintage and the Emperor Hadrian a Metropolis. The Emperor Siphrios raised the degree to a colony and they were regarded as Roman citizens. The paper industry was also known in Sur.
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دور ائمة اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) في الحياة العامة (183 - 256هـ/799 - 870م) == The Role Ahlulbait (Peace Be Upon Them) In Public Life (183 - 256 A.H\ 799 - 870 A.C)

Author name: حيدر عبد السادة شداوي
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم خيطان حسن الياسري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Praise be to God, who sent down the Criterion to His servant to be a harbinger for workers and peace and blessings on Muhammad, the illiterate Prophet whom God sent a witness and a missionary and a harbinger and calling for God's ear and lamp illuminating. Did not know the history captured as a family of Abi Talib penned glory crown at the junction of jihad lost her right Vttalbh patiently and consistently struggling bad ones cynical of their armies smiling to die crowned right Va - i - hdoa satisfied them comforting their consciences Sabrin Sabra beautiful raises Avannin admiration and admiration and radiates the colors of appreciation and reverence. Tnaasra enemies of the Immaculate family to fight it and invented the invention colors of doom and bulldozed kinds of heinous murder, And they hated the house (peace be upon them), but accused the owners of the right.Ara rulers haters did the Prophet (peace be upon them), but no edema. Sabo and severe shares on children and women and men to abandon their humanity, and in reckless foolish pigmentation foreheads actors Bhnan evil souls and become another of these martyrs (peace be upon them) newly tells the story circulating stories where people find glory and toughness right tale. Vmutiroa him and on choosing and they wrote with their blood because it contains the seed of renewed life. Despite the large number of enemies of this family were unsuccessful attempts to eradicate them fail.In perpetual trip between sheets of history in search of the truth and Tgosaia experience deep human actors struck me some of the names gleaming leading figures who have had the active role the constant and tender in the Islamic Shari'ah service and movement religious scholars over the centuries, is the most prominent of those figures are Ahlulbait peace who can Mtaatbaan them and researchers through the study of their lives and their careers to learn about the broad effort large and hardship they have made in order to uphold the banner of Islam and the preservation of religion from identity theft wrongdoers and interpretation of the ignorant, in addition to their positive attitude is clear about the serious circumstances surrounding the nation and the Islamic, which tried to change the line of Islam on the track after an absence Great Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon God for leadership Theater.With this in mind we've to choose the subject which deals with the biography of some imams Ahlulbayt and their role in public life in the third century and of religious and secular their interests and their responsibilities towards society and the parish at the time, is no secret that when we study the lives of those Imams peace be upon them as a whole and link the activities and attitudes of some some note that the fabric of one and planning an interconnected complements mutually aims to maintain the frequency of the debt through the generations and show Sharia according to the right approach corresponding to the words of God Almighty and the words of the Holy Messenger, bless God and God and peace, or the purpose behind his choice due to several reasons, including : The study in this letter deals with attitudes and opinions of imams peace and their role for them in social life and the other based on the perception of college instead of a fractional view of any perception of the imams in a comprehensive manner is the image of single every front, this thus gives a clearer picture of the roles they undertake all in the life of the Islamic and arguably that on the basis of that view that we go out the results of the largest and broadest of the total outcome of the fractional studies.
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الفرد النقاش ودوره السياسي في لبنان 1887 - 1971 == Alfred Al - Naqash And Political Role In Lebanon 1887 - 1971

Author name: حيدر رزاق راشد الطفيلي
Supervisor name: خضير حسن سلمان
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The Arabic history in general and the history of the Levant in particular is need of an historical academic study to reveal much of its political, economic , social and administrative situations and their mutual influence eon the pan - Arab and international environment. The history of Lebanon and the subjection of that beautiful country and the attempt to tear the unity of the Greater Syria exploiting the sectarian and ethnic diversity by more than one European.The study of the biography of the political figures has got the attention of the scholars. This study open a window on the sum of the regional and international complex. Undoubtedly, going through this study requires basing on the historical methodology based on the objectivity in exposing the events and becoming as possible free of bias and deviation from objectivity.Perhaps the situation in Lebanon during the World war II and the succession of the French government of Vichy and then the Free France government of De Gaulle and the coming of more than one government in difficult times that need a deep study that tackle these characters and their role in building the Lebanese state.In the light of our understanding of the peculiarity and his political role in Lebanon and the period (1887 - 1971) for the role in saving Lebanon from mass destruction in World War II. His role has left a memory in the mind of Lebanese as well as their history. He assumed the office of the President of the Republic in 1941 - 1943, his responsibility increased specially that the country was not independent and the foreign powers were struggling to get it.The nature of the study requires the division to introduction, four chapters and a conclusion as well as of references and annexesChapter One : studied the political development in Lebanon until 1941. It falls into four inquiries : the first inquiry is about the Frenchoccupation of Lebanon; the second inquiry is about the Mandate and the state of greater Lebanon; the third is about the presidential elections and the political until 1939 and the fourth inquiry is about the World War Two and its effect on Lebanon (1941 - 1934).Chapter two tackles the Alfred George Al - Naqqash in four inquiries. The first inquiry is about his biography and his feature; the second about the assuming the office of presidency 1941, the third tackles the foreign policy in his era, and the fourth inquiry is about the interior policy.Chapter Three is about the foreign policy in his term in two inquiries; the first inquiry is about the Lebanese political relationship with Arab states in his term and the second is about the Lebanese political relationship with foreign states during his term. Chapter Four tackles the political activity and his assumption until since his resigning and death. It is distributed into four inquiries; the first inquiry is about the Lebanese Election Law in 1943 while the second is about the Council and independence issue in 1943. The fourth inquiry is devoted to the study f the Palestinian issue and the attitude of the Parliament from the Evacuation of British forces from Egypt, the fourth inquiry tackled Alfred George Al - Naqqash as forieng minister of Lebanon 1955.The study depended on a list of diverse sources in the first of which comes the unpublished documents and the royal documents in the House of Books and Documents in Baghdad the reports of the Iraqi consulate abroad. We also have access to the French documents and the foreign books that have studied many important issues as far as the history of Lebanon is concerned. In addition to the above, the research was diligent that he includes the writing of the Lebanese writers who were contemporary to thee ageand occupied a great part of the thesis. These were makers of events or part of it or a witness the events. The memoires of the Lebanese politicians like the presidents of the Republic Bichara Al - Khoury and the Kamile Chamoun and Sami Al - Soulh and former premier.
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منهج الداعي الفاطمي ادريس عماد الدين وموارده بالسبع السابع من كتاب عيون الاخبار وفنون الاثار

Author name: حيدر جابر عبد جبر الربيعي
Supervisor name: علي عطية شرقي الكعبي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الحمد لله الذي لا تحصى نعمه ولا تعد فضائله والصلاة والسلام على رسوله الامين ابي القاسم محمد والة الطيبين الطاهرين ومن سار على نهجهم واتبع خطاهم بصدق الى يوم الدين. في ختام هذه الدراسة الموسومة (منهج الداعي ادريس عماد الدين وموارده في السبع السابع من كتاب
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الحركة النقابية العمالية في مصر 1952 - 1970 == The Labaur Union Movement In Egypt 1952 - 1970

Author name: حنين عبد الله صالح الحديدي
Supervisor name: احمد عبد الواحد عبد النبي الحلفي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The historical origins stretch for the emergence of the Egyptian working class to the beginning of the twentieth century come into being where her existence as a class.The selection of the 1952 date for the start of the study because it represents the beginning of the regime shift in Egypt from the monarchy to the republican era in Egypt and became a reality trade union under the Bull of which overthrew the monarchy represents the striking hand that her position in the community through its laws and obtained by the strengthened position , while in 1970 was chosen the date of the end of the study the death of Abdel Nasser's strong support of the trade union movement.The nature of the study required to divide the message into an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion in which the most important conclusions of the study.Since the beginning of the first chapter dealt with the working class and the labor movement of 1921 - 1939 and the labor movement in the wake of World War II until 1952.He revealed the second chapter about the role of the trade union movement Mn1952 - 1958 and the position of the labor movement of the 1952 revolution and internal developments in Egypt and the evolution of trade union reality of the labor movement.The third chapter discusses the role of Egyptians workers of the political developments in Egypt 1958 - 1961 and the evolution of trade union reality.And singled out the fourth quarter on the Egyptian labor movement Anaqbih 1962 - 1970 and the evolution of trade union reality of the labor movement and the evolution of labor legislation, as well as after a setback June 5 on the workers.The message chapters have shown about the role of unions and political attitudes that have changed the course of political events, including the Great was their role in the liquidation of the dispute between Muhammad Naguib and Nasser, and effective and efficient role in the war as the tripartite aggression coming together with the Egyptian working class in the rest of the working classesThe homeland of the Arab and European countries, and the large role played by workers in the tension of the Egyptian - US relations through the crisis of the ship Kilobacrh and force allied countries against the ship to bow at the end of the crisis.vdila positions and the role of the workers in that period, they have received many privileges and legislation issued in their right where they have lifted them as a class position in Egyptian society
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الـمرويات التاريخية لهشام بن حسان المتوفى : 147ه/ 764م == The Historic Novels Of Hisham Ibn Hassan (147A.H\ 764A.C)

Author name: حنان شهاب احمد الشمري
Supervisor name: سعاد هادي حسن الطائي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Thankfully, the first with no beginning, and the other without end, immortal without expiration, the Creator without following the example, Bari is the requirement, and peace and blessings on the best wild Mahtda, and Otehrhm generator, and Osalbhm glossary, and mushrikeen Madza, Mohammed a great creations, and methods of orthodoxy, and his family good pure.After : the Islamic nation gave birth to a lot of personalities who have served the Islamic history with images of various and so save them and their version of Narratives which dealt with aside "whatever" of Islamic history and witnessed the events have had a significant impact in changing the ascension of history in general, and they do so they kept the course of that period of During their version of events, and between those characters : (Hisham bin Hassan Basri).And personal Hisham referred stigmatized them, in terms of confidence, even if some have described a selected elite who seconded itself to serve the Sunnah, did not Stadtha, hence the importance of studying, (Almruyat historical Hisham bin Hassan Basri) to look in his own way to collect them, and those who heard, and Onthlha, and how the photos from the mouths of its resources, who gathered in their chests, he is the one who, folded deserts and wasteland to saved in all the regions, and have made for that hearing, and gave their ages, and guarded it, and kept its laws, Vtnagulwh Capra for Capper, and swept him like what he heard the first of them to the last of them, and dear God to them that the wisdom of it to save his religion, guarding his law. In spite of all the adversity and events in Islamic history, kept us this great Secretariat and passed on to subsequent generations, they took it for services and the greatest of Islam, with a lack of resources available to them at that time, but what is available today to accomplish in history, the first and science is nothing What if a bit of a century and the possibilities of modern means in the printing and the search for sources. Under the guidance of the scholars, especially my teachers esteemed, and guidance of Almighty God chose topic being includes within it, a model and one of the advanced generation in the Arab Islamic history, Vtmachit with him through Mroyate, for the purpose of showing its role in keeping the heritage of this nation and how others adopt it by taking him , and the inclusion of his novels in the most important sources of the Arab Islamic history, a biographical works and the Hadith.The study of such magnitude, must be fraught with some difficulties, which was in the forefront of the lack of information on the translation of his personal life. The other difficulty Vtmthelt, lack of sources that talk about Mroyate in the Abbasid period, and that if there had to shed light on an important era of his life and his position Some of the events in, and the large number of difficulties scientific research supplied by historical novels written Sunan within its parts amounting to forty - two.The study has been organized in, an introduction, four chapters, and a conclusion; came first chapter under the title (the biography of Hisham bin Hassan and the circumstances of his time) by, three sections, devoted the first part, for (a biography of Hisham bin Hassan), which dealt with his personal life and included his name and lineage and his nickname, his title and his birth and his family, and his death; while the second section entitled (the era of Hisham bin Hassan), which dealt with political, economic and cultural his time The third section is the (scientific status of Hisham bin Hassan) dealt with his request for information, and scientific trips, and his elders and his disciples.Chapter II has carried the name of (historical Almruyat to Hisham bin Hassan from the prophets), included two sections, included the first section, Narratives Hisham bin Hassan prophets peace be upon them, while the second topic dedicated to (historical Almruyat to Hisham bin Hassan from the Prophet Mamed) has It included historical Mroyate from the Prophet's era of Prophet source ? until his death, and his wives, as well as some of the characters that lived with the Prophet.The third chapter was entitled, (historical Almruyat to Hisham bin Hassan for Rashidi and Umayyad and Abbasid) and Qaeda SHTML two sections Investigation, First topic was titled (historical Almruyat to Hisham bin Hassan for age - Rashidi (11 - 41h / 632 - 661m) and the Ahl al - Bayt), while the second section, (historical Almruyat to Hisham bin Hassan from the Umayyad period (41 - 132h / 661 - 749m) and Abbasid (132 - 147 AH / 632 - 764 AD), while catch the fourth chapter is devoted to (Hisham bin Hassan resources and approach) We put it to the most important resources Hisham bin Hassan that drew them Mroyate and the foundations of the selection of historical material, and style of presentation, as well as a display method, and the finale, it has dealt with the most important conclusions reached by the subject of the study.
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عطاء بن ابي رباح (ت115هـ/733م) ومروياته التاريخية == Historical Uarrativco Of Atah Bin Abi Rabah

Author name: حميد صبار عواد الزوبعي
Supervisor name: فاروق عبد الرزاق حسين الالوسي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Anbar
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: Messa has given the Islamic Arabian culture the gist of its intellect and introduced to history celebrated intellectuals in poetry prose , linguistics and morality. It is represented by Islamic intellectual and prominent leaders. By the generous effort of the educational circle , the researcher intends to study all aspects of Messa,s intellect in Biography through one of its most prominent figures. i.e, Imam Atah Bin Abi Rabah who is not given attention and studied though he is one of the most famous narrators , in addition to the importance of his historical narrative. Thus he is chosen to be the subject of this thesis because of his importance and because of the necessity of studying this figure. The aim of the study is to present his scientific life that his predecessors started and who made of Mecca a beacon for science and knowledge. It is important to shed light on the heritage of those begotten by Mecca and who through history , are immortalized because of their great deeds and giving's. The historical narrative of Atah Bin Abi Rabah which are found in many source are of great importance in the study of Biography. This is not high lightened before by researchers. Thus this thesis aim at clearing the mystery around this figure by concentrating on him and his historical narratives
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مصر في عهد علي بك الكبير (1760 - 1773) == Egypt During The Reign Of Your Great Ali (1773 - 1760)

Author name: حمزة صباح كاظم الحمداني
Supervisor name: علي حسين نمر الاسماعيلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Sections of history in the Iraqi academic institutions dealt with different history issues that varied Period temporal diversity Moadaaha, especially those related contents on Egypt, and in particular its modern history, and formed this fact motivated the first in the selection of the researcher to the subject of this study (Egypt during the reign of Ali Beck great 1760 m - 1773), the title to the subject of the study, it was for the period between the years (1760 - 1773 AD), especially in the history of Egypt importance. In 1760 attaches to your great chieftain of the country in Egypt, and Egypt has witnessed during his chiefdom most important event in its modern history, a movement for the independence of Egypt from the Ottoman Empire in 1769, one of the separatist movements and to demand independence for the Arab countries of the Ottoman Empire, and doing so has dealt a blow to the Ottoman state was not exposed since that Egypt underwent a verdict in 1517, and the study ended with his death in 1773. The cast of this study highlight the do to your movement for independence from the Ottoman Empire, a dangerous precedent in the history of the Ottomans, who are accustomed to the inauguration of the governors to Egypt on their own, and accompanied the duration of the rule of Ali Bey of events involved in the making of the history of Egypt's recent political history, can be counted first political roots the orientations of the Mamluks in order to revive their state and independence in Egypt, and so with the help of foreign countries such as Russia, in order to build an army strong fleet realize its projects independence as well as the control of neighboring Egypt, the country such as the Hijaz and the Levant, to configure the Mamluk state include all of these regions. After the completion of the writing of this study we have reached a number of important conclusions, as follows : Egypt in the Ottoman era, the mandate is characterized by political conflicts between the houses Mamluk for control of the power which, especially in the eighteenth century for control of power where, precisely the position of chieftain of the country, because the author of this post be the owner of the real power in the country and the superiority authority of the Ottoman viceroy, whose presence in Egypt, a formality authority, does not have any authority over the sheikh of the country, but on the contrary the last van is controlled by prefectural Ottoman, and may even sometimes be performed Sheikh country to expel the Ottoman governor if he found it opposed his policy, and this shows the weakness of the Ottoman state power in Egypt. Egyptian relations European during the period 1760 - 1773, a period of the rule of Ali Bey, were not at the same pace, as based Egyptian relationship with France, Britain and the Republic of Venice on the economic side, these countries and raced to hold trade agreements with Ali Bey Al - Kabir in Egypt, and try to your exploit these relationships in neighborhoods through the Red Sea, but these countries do not agree to engage with him in this project, fearing for their privileges in the Ottoman provinces. Based Egyptian relations - Russia during the reign of Ali Bey Al - Kabir on the military side, as Russia tried to exploit the ambition to your independence from the Ottoman Empire in its favor, because it was at war with the Ottoman Empire, as well as the backing and support in some of the battles in the Levant through its fleet Protein content in the Mediterranean.That the error, which occurred when Ali Bey was why he was killed and the fall of his rule, is the absolute reliance on Mamluks, especially Mohammed Abe gold, which gave the military leadership in foreign campaigns, and took advantage of Mohammed Abu gold this position in the formation of relationships and internal friendships State, this confidence and complete dependence on Mohammed Abe gold make the latter thinks in control of the rule of Egypt, and was the beginning of this split is withdrawing from the Levant abruptly, and signed by you in the same error when assigned ordered discipline Mohammed Abe gold to owned by Ismail Bey, who refused to fight Osman Pasha Alkrgi when he was in Levant and disobeying orders apparent age, which led to the accession of Ismail and his father Mohammed to two gold and stand against Ali Bey. Speed up and rush to your in order to return to Egypt based on the promises he received from some of his supporters in Egypt and who wrote these letters under pressure from Mohamed Abe gold to lure him to Egypt, and despite the fact that an ally of Ali Bey in the Levant apparent age tried to prevent Ali from your Back and his assertion that these messages intrigue of Mohammed Abe gold, but the Ali Bey did not listen to the tips ally, and his insistence on his mind and its dependence on astrological predictions and show him the stars, especially what to tell him Rizk Coptic teacher who told Ali Bey that victory ally since returned to Egypt, so he decided to return to Egypt before the arrival of Russian aid, and this was the matter of the main reasons in the end, and eliminate it. Log in to your Egypt, although the duration of the short reign in foreign wars had exhausted the treasury of the country, so it's reflected on the Egyptian people, who became under the shadow of poverty due to the large number of taxes imposed on them to be funded his army, he was spending his campaign on the Hejaz (26,000, 000) francs, the equivalent of (520,000) bag of gold, and cost - Sham campaigns more than that.The movement on your despite failing to achieve its goals, but it showed the weakness of the Ottoman Empire, and encouraged a lot of niches Egypt after him to do the sole power and monopoly by virtue of Egypt, and it was for that matter the negative repercussions on the Ottoman presence in Egypt, opening the way for states Alobeh especially France and Britain for control of Egypt in order to achieve political and commercial gain.Found on your apparent age ally who supports it so as to unite the goal between them, the fact that Monday was for them the same goal which is independence from the Ottoman Empire, and can count this coalition of coalitions first of the independence of the Arab lands of the Ottoman rule after rule that lasted five centuries, and his movement, although - year - old palace, have had far - reaching consequences, including the people who took power in Egypt after, they took the thinking of re - independence experience in Egypt, and this thing happened with Muhammad Ali Pasha, when the revolt against the Ottoman Empire boarded Egypt. Were not with apparent old enough strength to face the Ottoman Empire alone, so we find it was based on the Ali Bey achieve its goal of independence, has tried to prevent Ali from your return to Egypt and stay with him to achieve his projects in freedom and the formation of their own, because he finds in the your considerable power out. Finally, I put in the hands of members of the discussion and I'm sure that the scientific opinions and observations will contribute to enriching the study and help to overcome the shortcomings, so be scientific appearance that should be it.
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القنصلية البريطانية في البصرة 1764 - 1914 : دراسة تاريخية == British Consulates By Basra 1764 - 1914 Historical Study

Author name: حلا مزهر جايد الحسيناوي
Supervisor name: محمد داخل كريم السعدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Basra, the second largest city in the Republic of Iraq and the center of the province of Basra, located in the far south of Iraq, on the west bank of the Shatt al - Arab, a crossing of water, which consists of the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates in Qurna, 110 kilometers north of the city of Faw, about Basra province, about 55 kilometers from the Gulf Arab and 545 km from the city of Baghdad, an area of maintaining 19,070 km 2, with a population of nearly three million people (according to 2010 estimates), its international borders with Saudi Arabia and Kuwait to the south and Iran to the east, and the local borders of the province of Basra, in common with all of the province of Dhi Qar, Maysan, north , Muthanna and west. uThe search dividing into four chapters and a conclusion right with a list of the names and sources are as follows : - Chapter One ( the historical development of Basra and the strategic importance ) And divided into two sections we dealt with in the first historical development of Basra until 1914 , and the form of this section an introduction to the study, where we dealt with Basra's history since it was founded by the Muslim Arabs in 635 AD at the time of Caliph Omar ibn al - Khattab until 1914 , and in the second section dealt with the importance of Basra for thought West , where he was the site of Basra, the strategic importance of the big in all the projects that were European countries covet in their implementation , and since it is located within the region , which is the shortest way leading to India has taken the UK interested in working for the D lines of communication using either ships in the collapsed Iraq or railway or telegraph line extending through it. - Chapter II ( the penetration of British interests in Basra )Divided this chapter into three sections , devoted First research him to take care of the orders growth of British interests until the establishment of the consulate and the activity of English East India Company , which was representative of the interests of the British in Basra , while the second section was about the founding of the British consulate and development of administrative , where she founded the East India Company English Mqimih in Basra since 1723 , turning the Residency to the agency , and Basra, the first rose which representation to a degree Guenaslh and that based on the Furman Soltani obtained by Henry Neville in 1764 , and designate which Robert Garden representative of the East India Company in Basra consul in this city , either section third we have offered the evolution of British interests after the establishment of the consulate , and try to promote British commercial and political influence in Basra , Iraq. - Chapter III ( political activity of the British Consulate and the local ties )Contains this chapter on the three sections , the first of it was the political activity of the British Consulate , and it reminded us that the functions of consuls Britons who are in Iraq are limited to two basic firstly take care of the economic interests of the state , particularly commercial in Iraq and the second Ashraf affairs nationals of their country in Iraq , and Pena how to move beyond them all the context of their work and performed another activity intelligence and political , while the second section dealt support Consulate for British interests , as was the Iraq of the areas of competing political, economic and cultural cooperation between European countries major in the nineteenth century and early twentieth century , and in the context that occurred upon consuls British in Iraq mission monitor the activities of the competing countries and inform their governments detail , with an attempt to thwart those activities and obstruction , either the third section has included social activity and local Guensbah Britain , where she was a relationship consuls British and the local authorities affected by several factors , most important of which are enjoyed by the consuls British in Iraq, the influence of the local.Chapter IV ( Protestant missionary activity and the role of the consulate( This included a chapter on the four sections , the first we had the thought of evangelization and development among Christian sects , and in the second section dealt with the missionaries Albroostantih , where thus missionaries Protestants appear in Iraq since the twenties of the nineteenth century , while the third section was about the relationship of missionaries with the British missionaries Other The rivalry between them, and the fourth section included other activities of the Protestant missionaries , Kalnchat medical and educational , and the difficulties faced by these missionaries.It has been dealt with as a single unit Thread. Pena Balkhatemh importance of the geographical location of the city of Basra and its port , and what was its impact on global trade and the greed of competing European countries seized upon to ensure its interests in the East, as well as the objectives of Britain in Iraq and how to begin to exert influence on Iraq commercially and then and then politically , followed by military control , and Basra are foothold foot them and drove them to the occupation of Iraq. As well as Pena role carefree played by consuls Britons who took advantage of their office and their powers to sow seeds of discord among the people , and get them to disobey the Ottoman state and provide them with weapons , which Atakznh Britain profitable business due to evade consuls weapons into Iraq and sell it on the Iraqi tribes.God is reconciling and payment
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التاريخ السياسي والحضاري لبلاد الهند في المصنفات العربية الاسلامية حتى نهاية العصر العباسي == The Political, Social And Cultural History Of India Until The End Of The Abassid Era In The Arab Islamic Resources

Author name: حسين كريم حميدي المسعودي
Supervisor name: جابر رزاق غازي الكريطي
General topic: History
Specific topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kufa - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: The Arab Islamic resources contained so important information on India. The Muslim Historians who created big volume of references gave great efforts in collecting classifying and sectioning them. These information have not been only on the political sides of India, but they included sizeable knowledge about the spread of Islam in these spots and the influence of this religion in the transformation of the nature the life therein into a better way.
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البنك المركزي العراقي 1947 - 1964 : دراسة تاريخية == The Central Bank Of Iraq 1947 - 1964 Historical Study

Author name: حسين زعيل حالوب الموسوي
Supervisor name: اميرة حسين محمود الكريمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The Central Bank is considered the ultimate financial government facility that governs mainly on the banking and financial system of each country. The responsibility of this central bank is to issue the currency and working as an advocate to the government, and monitoring other branching banking systems. In addition, they central bank monitors the credit to support the economic growth of the country. The central bank carries on its shoulder the economic stability of the country. Due to the significance of this facility, it behooves me to uncover the history of central bank of Iraq. The idea of founding the central bank of Iraq goes back to 1920 after the formation of the first Iraqi government. The government decided to obtain and solidify the economic independence. The British experts who were assigned on this mission recommended to form a primary currency committee to be situated later in London. As a result of the consistent demands of Iraqi people to found an independent central bank, the authorities later subdued and issued the Iraqi law of currency No. 44 of the year 1931. Based on this law, the Iraqi committee of currency was formed. After the WWII in 1939 - 1945 the idea of the central bank surfaced the public demands but due to internal and external circumstances interfered and delayed the foundation. The year 1947 witnessed the issuance of Law No.42 of the year 1947. The Central Bank of Iraq was founded accordingly. This Central Bank is considered one of the oldest banks in Middle East. The bank initiated its activities in July 11 1947 and was considered a symbol of national independence. According to the Law No. 42 of 1947 (The Iraqi National Currency Law), the jurisdictions of issuing currency was assigned to the Iraqi National Bank. The Iraqi National Bank influenced the growth of Iraqi economy especially after thoughtfully spreading its financial policy through loans to banking faculties with easy interests and limiting interest levels that the bank receives on discounted offers of the trade banks. Due to that thoughtful banking policy, the country transformed from a depending financial system (Currency Committee) to a semi - independent financial system but connected indirectly to the Sterling Zone of British government. In 1949, the Iraqi National Bank initiated its activities as a fully authorized central Bank. The first currency bills were coined in that year that carries its logo in September 17th 1950. By the same year, the Central Bank started to monitor international transactions in addition to legislating the law of banks monitoring No. 34 of 1950. Moreover, in 1956, the Iraqi government’s accounts and deposits were transferred from Al - Rafidain Bank to The Iraqi National Bank and the same year witnessed the birth of law No. 72 detailing the Iraqi Central Bank policy. According to this law, the terms of the National Bank were drawn and witnessed an increase in its capital to reach 15 Iraqi millions. In July 1958, the Kingdom regime was toppled in Iraq and was replaced by the Republican regime. This transformation of government regime overshadowed many of the Iraqi government laws of which was the Iraqi currency law. In July 1959, the Iraqi government issued law No. 92 of 1959 (The Iraqi law of currency). According to this law, a new set of currency bills was issued that carried the logo of the Iraqi Republic Regime. In the same month, Iraq declared its independence from the Sterling Zone and accomplished the complete economic independence. Later, the mission of managing the Iraqi financial policy was assigned to the Central Bank of Iraq. Fast forward to July 1960, an official decision was made by the Iraqi government forbade the transactions of any currency other than that one carrying the logo of the Republic of Iraq. This decision was implemented in 31st of January 1961. It is worth to mention that the year 1961 witnessed the encoding of another law. The law is entitled 19th to monitor the foreign transactions. According to this law, the Central Bank was assigned main authorities to monitor foreign transactions. Additionally, the very law stipulated that all forms of payment other than Iraqi currency is subject to rules of foreign transactions policies. The Central Bank of Iraq during the period of 1947 through 1964 exercised bureaucratic activities without significant influence on the economic growth since it was chained to proceed according to the Sterling Zone and the internal government policies that crippled and subdued it. In conclusion, on the 14th of July 1964, the Communist laws were legislated to nationalize multiple Iraqi facility from the foreign control. One of the nationalized facilities was the economic facility of which was the national Bank of Iraq
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حزب الشعب 1925 - 1929 == Al - Shaab Party 1925 - 1929

Author name: حسين جابر عبد الله علي
Supervisor name: كريم صبح عطية
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Contemprary Iraq history witnessed emergence some parties supported to government and opposited for it , like " Al - Shaab Party " 1925 - 1929 that being opposite parlement party to the Iraqi ministries their work were practicing its political activity although it was never continue in opposition especially after its members enter in the administrative positions that followed establishing the party till 1929. Study divided into introduction, four chapters , conclusions and supplements. The first chapter included introduction about establishment " Al - Shaab Party " till 1925, then bigninngs the political activity in Iraq and appearing the organized party political activity and the Iraqi parties such as " The Iraqi National Party" , " Iraq Al - nahzaa party" , " Iraqi Al - hur Party" and " Natin Party " after that parties that appeared in Mousl to let the public opininoun know its case in front of Turks ambitions , and " The Al - Takadum Party" that mentioned here also, Body of esteblishment party and its intlectual, cultural and social backrounds , then ended by establishment the party on 3th of December 1925. The second chapter included the organized structure of " Al - Shaab Party" and its end. It researhed on approach of the party and its internal system , such that press thing that represented by " Nida'a Al - Shaab " that was the tongue of the expressed sound on its views with studying the conferences of party held on the period of its existence on the Iraqi political events stage to end to the fall of party and its collapse.The third chapter tackled stand of "Al - Shaab Barty" from the local cases by showing its stand from the political, economic and social cases and range of their effect on socitety , its stand from relation with Britain through his stand from 1926 and 1927 treaties , the two treaties refused by the party, concern with its stand from Abdul Muhsen Al - Saadoon fixed ministry that opposite for it and its stand from Jaafar Al - Askary second ministry especially in the two cases, the public debts and obligatory recruitment. The fourth chapter tackled stand of the party from Arab cases by clarifying its stand from Najid invasion that evoked border problems between Iraq and Najid that reflected on Iraqis resident near from it, its stand of the syrian revolution and its supported for it, clarifying also its stand from revolution of Abdul Karim Al - Khetabi and his struggle against spains and French troops , then ended by refering to its stand from Palestine case by introducing details of its stand from visit of British zionist Alfred Mond to Iraq and events accompanied that for example students demonstration and the government strict stand towards them
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اليزيدية في العراق1921 - 1958 : دراسة تاريخية == The Yezidism In Iraq1921 - 1958 A Historical Study

Author name: حسون عبود محيبس الجيزاني
Supervisor name: حسين علي فليح الخزرجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Iraq has different population's nature which we can find the religious sectarian and ethnic differences in. We can see the differ believes in hole Iraq, because the land of Iraq was the homeland for many religions, sects and ethnic groups. They lived in harmony. Every one of these religious, sects has it's ceremonies, habits, characters distinguishing them from each other, therefore the study of any one of them is very interesting and has it's features we can know the marking evidences of different historical periods by.The author of this paper tries to make an attempt to fix historical features of one of these sects - Yezidism. Yezidism is one of the oldest sects in Iraq. It considered the source of knowing huge historical information, but the nature of this sect made the ability of research so difficult, because the live in closed societies, and ruled by firm religious laws.The Yezidism - object of our research was differently called. There are many different opinions of its origin, the influences of political circumstances on this religion. It isn't outspreading religion, therefore it wasn't found in Iraq not by outspreading, but by the immigrants who came to Iraq from Iran. They lived in north of Iraq. In spite of their social religious specialty, their special habits, traditions and ceremonies, there was a mutual influencing between them and the societies that they live in. The study of sects and religions is still a rich field of research, needs big efforts, especially in the period of kingdom in Iraq, when the yezidists gained many achievements, considering them as members of religion, whose ceremonies are protected by constitution. The Yezidism wasn't studied deeply by researches because of the closed nature of the yezidic society, and the lived where the mountains are, therefore these travelers who wrote about the aspect of believing, social habits couldn't write about the political economic aspects of Yezidists. Therefore the author tries to write about the Yezidism when he is in their places, touching the circumstances of them, and knowing a real truth of them by being in their places. We researched this secret of this sect to discover unknown sides of this part of Iraqi social national society.
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الرواية التاريخية في كتاب (غرر الفوائد ودرر القلائد) للشريف المرتضى المتوفى (436هـ/1044م) == The Historical Novel In The Book (Ghurar Al - Fawaed And Durar Al - Qalaed) For Al - Sharif Al - Murtadha Deceased (436 AH / 1044 Ac)

Author name: حسام داخل علي
Supervisor name: مثنى فليفل سلمان الفضلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: We have cemented in the mind of many of us, that foreign control of resources of any country, especially if that control directly. It will lead to paralysis and disable a lot of those institutions of a political nature was the mother of the state's social or scientific, but perhaps in all walks of life. However, the specialist study of history, and from the history of Islam, could be up after research and investigation and take the necessary time to study a certain period of time, while making painstaking effort between the folds of historical pages, up to the facts may be a far cry from what we have referred to in advance, but may prove Facts new historical, that the foreign occupation and domination of Atakhlu positive effects in certain aspects of the life of that society. Including the period of our research and tagged {historical novel in the book (and pearls tricked benefits necklaces) for Sharif Murtada deceased (436 AH / 1044 AD)}. Since Albuehip control (334 - 447h / 945 - 1055m), the bulk of the capabilities of the Abbasid state in Baghdad. And who directly. As dazzling and striking at this stage is the development of a lot of aspects, including the activity and the growth of the scientific movement in Baghdad, because of this close association nature of our address, where the spread of the seminars that are part of that growth and intellectual activity and scientific. For this Fmma is no doubt that Mr. Murtada and his family the top is one of those productions for that time period. However, this does not mean that does not lead us to say that without this occupation because it is apparent that Mr. Galilee, but we want to say that with all the negatives that accompanies any foreign control over the destiny of a country, perhaps she the same time be a catalyst for the advancement of society in the areas of what, was the prophet Sharif Murtada, who wowed the Muslim world Bsjalath intellectual many in number and type, and his works, became the flag of the Islamic nation and Jhbma of Jhabztha in that historical period, and this is seen by many scientists and historians until he became named Sharif star with doctrine Imami duodenum, but an old man of the great elders, which issued the religious leadership of the Shia Imami. And he had a clear role in preserving the heritage of the Islamic nation in general, and especially the Shia Ithna; Mr. Sharif alMurtaza was the repository of many of the sciences that Nhlha of his teachers and elders Venerable, who schooled on their hands, and is reflected in the variety of his compositions. It was so scientific encyclopedia for Aanill trough, Venhl of his abundant many students, his home until he became a popular destination and a platform for seminars. That the purpose of the study of this inimitable personal and that was particularly important in forensic science and scientific Bmosusah, which dominated the scientific character, which some called to deny him a depth of knowledge of historical events, which are an essential part of the scientific personality, and that the cave between the folds of novels and historical events for different ages we have quoted in chapters of this letter, which addressed one of his books that we are going to study them. History as we know, is built on the foundations of a very important time and place is human, the group including the individual, and these pillars are often shared by many human sciences, and perhaps in the forefront of forensic science. The study of any authorized branches can not resign from the study of history according to each individual subject. Therefore, we find that the book (tricked benefits and dryer necklaces) has contained a lot of the verses of the Holy Quran and the Hadith, and support Mr. Murtada all that a lot of poetry and prose, was that Mr. Murtada one of Avmaz and the pillars of the Islamic world in general, and Imami jurisprudence duodenum in particular. The fact that all scientific effort is not without its small difficulties were large and is connected nature of the subject to be searched, so we see that the book methodology (tricked benefits and dryer necklaces) for Sharif Murtada had neglected to mention the bulk of the dates of the events and historical novels cited mention poked jurisprudential Besides very brief in the matter of historical facts, which require listed, and the historic nature of our approach to this study, exposure to refer to most of the historical sources that we have reached, and which varied in the disruption. The goal is to reach the origin of the novel or the historic event after viewing the report by Mr. Murtada in his ambiguity on those sources to determine the proportion of congruence and difference and in doing so get out the fact that historic event, and that too with the help of the views of some historians modern and views regarding dictum by writing this letter. One of the things that have been neglected in the book of ambiguity is not to mention the dates of those events. But we and the help of God we were able to evacuate this difficulty through what we mentioned above, the nature of the approach taken, where shows that between the folds of the chapters of this letter which contained this introduction, four chapters and an epilogue, came the first chapter, addressing in three axes, the first of which may be defined on the Biography vitae of Mr. Murtada and his family are honest, while the second axis has included mention of scientific life of Mr. Murtada and definition elders Mr. Murtada who are Oaazationm Imami elders who have the NHL galore knowing Shaykh Saduq (d. 381 AH / 991 AD), and Sheikh useful (d 413 AH / 1022 AD), with claims of Prophet Murtada Imami Twelver after his death, came in this axis also mentioned a number of his students venerable, who popularized prominence throughout the Muslim world Kalnjashi (d. 450 AH / 1058 AD), and Tusi (d. 460 AH / 1067 AD) and others, and is no doubt that such a world must leave the inter literature and workbooks that formed Aretha major scientific percent exceeded author in various forms of knowledge as we got it today, has become an important source should be referred to in the study, each according to its requirements, particularly for students of jurisprudence Imami duodenum, even scientists and historians said the sayings with altitude its status, it is what we see in a few right. Finally, the third axis of this chapter we dealt with the book that we have studied and we were able, with God's help come up with all the information arcane detail about him, the reasons for the book Voahtna named and described the nature of his themes and so on. The second chapter, which collected the historical narrative of the three eras, the pre - Islamic era and the message finally caliphate and the reason for this combination are the requirements of scientific methodology in finding a balance between the chapters of the message. It was the third quarter came under the historical novel of the era of the Umayyad address. And Mr. Murtada Khtmanaha era historical novel, the meaning here Abbasid era... and that was a title for the fourth quarter and last. And we finished our study to prove and install a number of findings that resulted during our trip school with these wonderful and personal meditation in his book (tricked benefits and dryer necklaces), which is also known Balomala... All of this was under Conclusion address. In conclusion, we ask God Almighty to have been successful for the completion of this message and to gain satisfaction and satisfaction of Muhammad and the pure satisfaction of our Lord Sharif al - Murtaza (Jerusalem secret); and finally satisfaction of my professors Distinguished members of the defense committee, which Sevadon the views and perspectives of scientific view and that will fill some of the gaps that scientific effort, which would make it more scientific and sedate. Vdzahm God and the people of prophecy House (peace be upon them), the best penalty box. The penalty for them is to pray for them Bmofiqih safety and security for themselves and their beloved Iraq. Peace, mercy and blessings of God.
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علي ممتاز الدفتري ودوره السياسي في العراق 1940 - 1958 == Ali Mumtaz Al - Daftary And His Political Role In Iraq 1940 - 1958

Author name: حامد فرج عبد الحسين
Supervisor name: عماد نعمة العبادي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of political characters had expanded in the field of historical researches clearly. This is attributed to the diligence to know the contribution of these characters in the time durations in which they live, simply because the person is the creator of the historical event. So understanding the nature of that personality in a scientific and objective way proved the saying that; roles done by some characters are reflection to the social environment they had lived and affected by.In consistence with these basis and principles, the choice of the person of Ali Momtaz al - Datfry and his role through the assumption of various positions as the minister in eleven Iraqi cabinets during the periods 1941 - 57, a member of the Iraqi parliament during the period 1941 - 50, then a member of the Notables Council 1953 - 58.All that has motivated the researcher to choose the character of Ali Momtaz al - Datfry for its important effect to study in an academic and scientific method after it was neglected by the researchers who did not study this and show his role in that historical period in the modern history of Iraq.The thesis included an introduction, four Chapters and conclusion.The first chapter was entitling (the Bringing up and Political Activity of Ali Momtaz al - Datfry in the Iraqi Parliamentary until 1950). While Chapter Two was entitled (Ali Momtaz al - Datfry As a Minister of the Finance between 1941 - 44).Chapter Three was entitled (His Ministerial Positions and Political activity between 1946 - 50). And Chapter Four was entitled (His Ministerial Positions and his Role in the Council of Notables 1953 - 58).It appeared through the study of the character of Ali Momtaz al - Datfry and tracing his activity and political role in Iraq in the period 1941 - 1958), the following : - Ali Momtaz al - Datfry was brought up in a well - known well - off family that worked in the trading which enabled him to live in prosperity. This facilitated for him to complete his study with excellence. - Ali Momtaz al - Datfry was explicit in expressing his opinions and in more than one occasion. He was not known as conservative. His opinions in total were realistic and flexible making it easy to apply. - He was a financial expert and a notable among the figures in the financial and economic issues in Iraq in the 1940s and 1950s. He had inherited the financial expertise from his famous family concerning money and finance. - Ali Momtaz al - Datfry proved that he was a lofty politician and sociologist. He did not show any affiliation to a certain sect or race, that had made him acquire the feature of dealing and communicating with the various successive governments that had ruled Iraq. His administrative and economical abilities also proved to be successful as He had managed to confront various positions in government and dealt with multiple crises with logic and ease that made him gain the admiration of even his confronters. - Ali Momtaz al - Datfry contributed to put the corner stone of the financial and economic institutions in the monarchy era. For example, He contributed to the foundation of Al - Rafdain Bank, the first Iraqi Bank, to be as the strong nucleus of the Iraqi economy. His traces were also clear in the foundation of the Construction Council and the ministry of the Reconstruction. - He entered the parliamentary life in 1941 after the resignation of Salih Jabur. He won the elections on the Dewaniya in its ninth round, and also the tenth and the twelfth rounds in Baghdad. He was known for his patriotic and nationalistic attitude. - His pan - Arab attitudes were summarized in his opinion regarding the necessity to accomplish the Arab unity by uniting Arab states' economics against the Zionist Entity. He also joined the Party of Ahrrar after the return of the political life in 1946, when Taweeq Al - Swedy, the second ministry in which Ali Momtaz al - Datfry was one of its corners, had allowed its return. - He was appointed in the Council of Notables for the period from April 1953 to July 1958. As Ali Momtaz al - Datfry has merits he also has demerits as he had no role in the October 1952 insurrection, perhaps his avoidance of political life in that period was the reason. - At the end, We are obligate to say that Ali Momtaz al - Daftry was one of the well known Iraqi political figures that started his work with love and sacrifice to his country and the Monarchy role.
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اثر النفط في التطور السياسي والاقتصادي في دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة 1881 - 1891 م == The Effect Of Oil In The Political And Economic Development In United Arabs Of The Emirat 1981 - 1991

Author name: حاتم احمد حسين سالم العيساوي
Supervisor name: احمد صالح خليفة الدليمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Anbar
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
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عصر النبوة في مرويات حماد بن زيد البصري (ت179هـ/795م) : دراسة مقارنة مع النصوص المعاصرة

Author name: جعفر ابراهيم عباس ال خاطر الجوراني
Supervisor name: نوال ناظم محمود
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Hammad bin Zaid was one of those who witnessed the marvelous start, which was establishing to an Islamic Arab civilization. The maturity and the rise of this civilization was going hand in hand with the time of Hamad's life span from his birth in ( 98 AH - 716 AD ) until his death in ( 179 AH - 795 AD ). It was the time of the most important events and political changes of that period, which culminated in the fall of the Umayyad dynasty ( 41 - 132 AH / 661 - 749 AD ) , and the establishment of the Abbasid dynasty ( 132 - 656 AH / 749 - 1258 AD ). Hammad did neither take any role in those events, nor had any connection with a Caliph..He had only few meetings with the princes of his city of Basra, where he was born, lived , died and buried. Hammad was the pioneer scholar of the city of Basra, he was a descendent of a well - known knowledgeable family, originally from the captivity of Sajestan city in the Muslim East. Their grandfather was a captive who was owned by the tribe of Alozd Aljhadm, he embraced Islam became a member of them by loyalty until they set him free from slavery and he got a grand position in Basra, Hammad began to learn at the hands of grand scholars and highly knowledgeable people of different prevailing sciences at that period.Then, he became knowledgeable in the different readings and interpretation of the holy Quran and the authentic narrations of the prophet Muhammad (known as hadith). He became a comprehensive scholar followed by many students who became later prominent figures in that city. Hammad learnt all the hadith by heart he did not use to write it although he was able to do so. His students and disciples conveyed about four thousand authentic narrations of the prophet Muhammad (known as hadith), His work enriched several famous books. He was proficient, jurist, pious and a trustworthy scholar who was praised by his contemporaries, elders and disciples. The focus in this thesis is on Hammad's authentic narrations of the prophet Muhammad 's period because of the abundance of his narrations on the other Islamic periods.Then, there is a comparison between his works that are concerned with the prophet's period with the works of other scholars. The faces of the similarities and differences are exposed as far as form and content are concerned to achieve the desired benefit of the research. Towards reaching and investigating about the reason behind the dependence of most sources on the work of Hammad as a base and raw materials at the beginning step of documenting the Islamic history
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الاوضاع الاجتماعية في مصر 1967 - 1981 == The Social Situation'S In Egypt 1967 - 1981

Author name: ثائر صائب صالح عداي الحياني
Supervisor name: جاسم محمد عبد الشجيري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Anbar
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: The social Egyptians studies in Egypt suffer from many difficulties some of these difficulties comes from the insufficiency date bases and the integrated statics based to the developed patterns and suitable to calculate and date analyses, the others comes from the nature of direct political reflections that relate by indicators the results of these studies for what call the military ruling elite ((social stability)), it's getting harder when the society offer to a state of class polarization when the operations of fortune concentration grow at hands of social limited categories from the side and the economic clout diminish and the and the social impact for the categories medium social, the operations of proportional poverty condense for categories and another levels represent the majority at the Egyptian social fabric from the other hand.Most social studies on Egypt assigned no room for the historical facet of its social structure. studies as such leaned to examine the Egyptian typological social structure comparatively to those European counterparts failing to refer to the historical background of the grandual development of social entities in Egypt.Accordingly, the importance of the study stems from the fact that it deals with the historical aspect of the social situation in Egypt ( 1967 - 1981 ), aperiod witnessed extensive development at the political level and in the social activities for many years begin by war ( june 1967 ) and ending by assassination the president Anwar AL - sadat at ( october 1981 ), which are fertile years fully by many events, decisions and Laws the regime of AL - sadat depended them, so these Laws had reflected on the social construction in Egypt. To attend the outlined aim the study falls into an introduction , four chapters and a conclusion.The first chapter reviews the status of the Egyptian society since the socialism Laws at ( july 1961 ) until ( june 1967) where I handle studying the combination of the Egyptian society and its levels at Egyptian countryside and cities also the problems of the Egyptian society which the Egyptians suffered from it the Egyptians, these problems represented expansion the population, immigration, unemployment and the drugs, rather than studying the efforts for rising by the Egyptian society which represented by polices of society reform at fields education, health, unions trade and social insurance, and the role of the union Arab socialism and journalism social role.The second chapter discussed the societ structure in Egypt room of war ( june 1967 ) until assassination president AL - sadat at ( octoper 1981 ), urbin rural and soceit for studing the classical forming in Egyption countryside and classical devision in the Egypition city, rather than studying the condition Bedouin at that time.The third chapter concentrated the polices of the social reform which represented by the decisions and the laws issued by the Egyptian government, while the period war (June 1967 until 1981, at the fields education, health, unions trade, social insurance, the media and the Arab union social, all these fields have strong relation by the Egyptian society. The forth chapter handles by studying the social Egyptian where focused on the basic problems that the Egyptians suffered from at that time, and the treatments for these problems which represented by the increasing of population, immigration, unemployment and the drugs, rather than high prices and what had resulted of demonstrations at January 1977, and beyond of sectarianism events and arrests at September 1981 and assassination president Al - Sadat at October 1981 all these problems effected at construction the Egyptian social
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الحياة الثقافية في بغداد (1921 - 1933) == Cultural Life In Baghdad (1921 - 1933)

Author name: ثامر محمد حميد حسين
Supervisor name: محمد يحيى احمد الجوعاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Anbar
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: The historians, researchers and writers dealt with the contemporary and modernist political history of Iraq in deep details, but they didn't make the cultural history of Iraq as a main part of their interesting. For this reason, the researcher wanted to study this subject and spotlights on the history of the cultural life in Baghdad for the period of (1921 - 1933). Accordingly, Baghdad ranked to the top city among the Iraqi cities in the field of cultural developments during that period. The time - frame of the research had started from 1921 and ended in 1933, which means the study included the monarchal period since the crowning of the prince Faisal as a king until his death. It was necessary to divide the dissertation into introduction, four chapters and epilog, in order to cover the target period. The first chapter entitled the Educational Organization in the City of Baghdad; and this chapter was divided into four sections. Consequently, the first section dealt with the establishment of the Ministry of Educations and its role in organizing and directing the education. The second section dealt with the Primary Education representing by small educational groups, kindergartens and the primary schools. In the same time, the third section focused on the Secondary and professional Education as well as preparing schools and its expansion. The fourth section showed the Higher Education whence the colleges and institutes as well as the elements of its establishment, development and advancement. The second chapter studied the Libraries and Printing Houses, and its cultural role in Baghdadi society. This chapter divided into two sections; the first one dealt with libraries by reviewing the governmental, academic, military and school libraries as well as the private, domestic libraries and storehouses. In addition, the section examined the beginnings of these libraries, its expansion and pervasion. The second section highlighted the printing houses and its pervasion in Baghdad, and its role in the Baghdadi cultural movement. The third chapter talked about the journalism and arts (Theatre and cinema) its role in the cultural life of the society for the target period. This chapter included two sections; the first one studied journalism and its types whether it was independent, factious or specialized which included the literary, religious, womanish, military, humorous and sportive. The second section specialized in studying the theatre and cinema : it's first beginnings and referred to the numbers of the theatrical groups and its artistic activities, in addition to the numbers of the cinematic and theatrical shows. Consequently, the fourth chapter studied the associations, clubs and literary and cultural councils in Baghdad. This chapter divided into three parts : the first one examines the associations whether they were public or womanish and how they were established as well as its cultural role. The second part focused on the cultural clubs; its propagation and time of establishment. Similarly, the third part dealt with the literary and cultural councils and its effect in the cultural aspects and between its preparing and the people who are in charge of as well as the places of its sessions. Finally, the researcher came to logical conclusions through this study; for example in the field of education, the schools had established in many types and the education in this period had been developed, but in a slow way. While the libraries which expanded in all its types and forms in Baghdad as well as it opened its doors for all the people of Baghdad from different levels. Similarly, the propagation of the printing houses also was another element in directing the steering wheel of culture ahead. In addition the process of printing and publishing different books in different specializations and directions led to the edification and development of the society. Concerning the journalism and arts, the researcher found that those two elements had a great effect on the society in Baghdad through the publication of numerous magazines and newspapers that had a clear effect in the process of edification and education of the society. Concerning the arts, Baghdad witnessed the establishment of the theatrical groups and the erection of show rooms which increased year after year. These show rooms showed many cinematic and theatrical works that increased the culture and realization of the recipient as well as it expanded his horizon and consciousness. Last but not least, the associations, clubs and literary and cultural councils in Baghdad prevailed in different years and had a great effect in the development of the society as well as it created the cooperative spirit among the individuals of the society.
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كتاب الفتوحات الاسلامية المبكرة للمستشرق الامريكي دونر الفرد ماكجرو : دراسة منهجية نقدية == The Book Of Early Islamic Conquests Of The American Orientalist Fred Mcgraw Donner. Acritical/Methodological Study

Author name: تسالي عطية عذير
Supervisor name: ليث شاكر محمود
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study consists of a preface, introduction and four chapters in addition to the abstract and the bibliography and references in the light of the historical in formation available in the resources and references ,our design to the thesis comes out as follows; the prefac deals with the Contemporay American oriental and the biography of the oriental fred Donner which combines the four sections;The first section;the American mentaliy directions and its relation with East,as l have illustrated how it developed since the exploration and how the first writers took care in their writings whether ,literary ,historical ,of the East.The second section;The American Orientalism and its relation with the lslamic Arab History as l have stated the consideration with the lslamic studies While the third section; combines the most contemporary American Orientasls ,the fourth section talks about the life of the oriental fred Donner and highlights his scientific life.Ln the first chapter l have dealt with Donners methodology in the book of the Early lslmic conquests and it contains two sections; The first section the methodology of Donner in the Early lslamic conquests book stating the contents of the book and how he divides the book.While the second section is a reading in the method and resources of Donner in the book of Early lslamic conquests.While the second chter includes in the message era and has two section; the first is about the early conquests in the messag era discuss civil biography features of peace be upon him and the start of the lslamic invasions.The second section about the lslamic in vasions of Syria in the message era(622AD/1H - 632AD/11H) as it tackle the invasions the prophe (peace be upon him) sent to northern Syria. And the third chapted is all ocated to the lslamic conquest in Syria and combines two sections ;the first is the lslamic conquest in the era of caliphate of Abu bakr (622AD/11H - 632AD/13H)and about sending of the lslamic armies to Abu Bakr and how to choose the conquest leaders and the most important battes. The second section talks abot the lslamic conquest in the era of Caliphate Omar ibn al - Khattab (634AD/13H - 644AD/23H)as he continues the lslamic conquest after the death of caliph Abu bakr as Syria was conquest in his caliphate. Chapter four is the conquesn of lraq and includes two sections; the first section the lslamic conuests in lraq in the caliphate of Abu Bakr (632AD/11H - 634AD/13H)deals with the conquests during the era of caliphate of Abu bakr and compares it with the Arabic and oriental resources. The second section;the lraq conquests in the era of caliphate omar ibn alkattab (634AD/13H - 644AD/23H)and opening the most important area of lraq and Donner highlights in lraq conuest on the most important battles that have an effect in open of lraq
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قبيلة بلي ودورها السياسي والحضاري من عصر الرسالة حتى نهاية العصر العباسي الاول (1 - 247هـ /622 - 861 م)

Author name: تحسين احمد سعيد خليف العبيدي
Supervisor name: عبد الستار مطلك درويش
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Anbar
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: Praise to Allah lord of the worlds and prayer and peace upon the prophet Mohamed (peace be upon him ).The study of the Arab tribes is important historical studies. it is an essential pillar and important episode in the study of the political and social history for these tribes as we knew. the most of these tribes were believed in Islam and contributed significantly as well as its contribution of spreading of the Arabic language and Islamic religion because these were the most capable in this area. the tribe Baly (Ble) Alqdiah were one of Hejaz tribes which believed in Islamic religion and contributed to support this religion. Most of their men and characters participate with the prophet Mohamed. In the first and second era and Bader one. They had a great roll in release processes in sham or Egypt or Andalus. My studies included an introduction and four season and conclusion. 1 - the first season : the general condition for Ble tribe. I mentioned the pedigree and their members and the places that they were settled down. As well as I mentioned their alliances with the other tribes. At last I mentioned their religion.2 - the second season : I wrote about Ble tribes roll in the age of the Message (1 - 11) H/ (622 - 632) M. I mentioned their roll in the Islamic calling before the prophets migration (6.9 - 620) M. they participated in the first and second obstacles. more over than I mentioned their roll in the prophets invasion (1 - 11) H ( Bader battle - Uhid battle - Trench battle - Al hudibia reconciliation - Mutach battle - with chains battle - Okash bin Husn faction to other land and Ble - Tabuk battle). Also I mentioned Ble tribe's delegations to the prophet Mohamed (peace is upon him).The third season : special study to the political condition of Ble tribe in the age of Al.Rashidi and All Umayyad. In the beginning their position of the pledge caliph Abu Baker (Allah be pleased upon him) and the companions contribution for eliminative of (Bizakha and Yamama) apostasy. Also their roll in the battle of releasing Egypt and the siege of Babylon's fortress and Alex Andria siege. I also mentioned tribal members participating in killing the caliph Othman bin Afan (Allah is pleased upon him). After that they pledge allegiance the caliph Ali Bin Abi Talib (peace is upon him).They participation in completing to open Egypt, then they entered Africa and Alandluse.The fourth season : the administrative economic and intellectual affection in the age of the message until the first Abbasis age (1 - 247)H. I mentioned in the end the important results that the study reache
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جريدة الزمان وموقفها من التطورات السياسية الداخلية في العراق (1945 - 1958) : دراسة تاريخية == Al - Zaman Newspaper And It'S Attitude Towards The Internal Political Developments In Iraq 1945 - 1958 Historical Study

Author name: بشار نعيم علي
Supervisor name: كريم مراد عاتي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The press is still one of the most important means of codification of historical events , because of its importance in the recording and analysis of political positions , especially the events in Iraq after World War II, which saw significant political developments and bitter struggle continued until 1958 to acquire power. And the importance of these events prompted us the essential need to study and learn the opinion of independent civil journalism, of those developments and conflicts. The choice of the newspaper Al - Zaman for the study being published in one of Baghdad's local newspapers that do not belong to any political party , they do not represent any religious component or a class , as well as being a successful Iraqi newspapers, and The complexity of the topics addressed by the Gazette and plentiful and diverse , require limited study on the domestic political front in Iraq between ( 1945 - 1958 ). The message material distributed according to its requirements to the front and four chapters and an epilogue , we addressed in the first chapter : the founding of the newspaper Al - Zaman and factors of intellectual and administrative composition, the process of issuance and follow us sustain and even went through the social , cultural and political composition of the editorial board of the newspaper starting his concession Tawfiq Sam'ani to her through to other editors, then he continued in order to learn their language and the printing press and news sources , classify and structure until the stoppage. Chapter II focused on the study of the position of the newspaper Al - Zaman of internal political developments ( 1945 - January 6, 1949 ). Chapter III continued position of the newspaper Al - Zaman of internal political events during the period (1949 - January 29, 1953 ). The fourth chapter is devoted to the study of the position of the newspaper Al - Zaman of internal political developments between (1953 - 1958). The newspaper Al - Zaman at the forefront of newspapers that called for the resurrection of democratic life and called for constitutional freedoms, and the establishment of political parties , and defended freedom of the press and called for reform of laws that restrict freedom of expression , as noted in many of her articles about the poor condition of the country and the deterioration of its situation, it became pregnant Gazette political responsibility for that degradation. The position of the newspaper Al - Zaman was not confined to the inner side, Apple exceeded that and defended the spirit of nationalism and clear all liberal Arab issues, denouncing the colonial policies of domination against the sons of the Arab nation , although it has avoided more often criticize the attitude feeble than those abuses of the Iraqi government, as of We could promise that the technique that helped her not to draw the government's view in the disabled, has given the plan to continue to work , in order not to be counted among the left - wing opposition newspapers authority. We have proved the newspaper through her articles that it was successful in many of the conclusions that have already got, probably stems from the strength of the culture of the board of writers and editors, who were followers good events, and sustained in the supplement and enrich the numbers Gazette comprehensive information , which came to analyze events and the statement causes. It is also the integrity and its national curriculum confirmed through the nobility of intellectual, political, social and economic purpose, which is drawn on the number of pages, since those ends showed through national and pan constructive articles, which are outlined in a lot of national positions, particularly oil issues and attempts nationalized
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الحركة النقابية في السودان (1956 - 1969) : دراسة تاريخية == The Trade Union Movement In The Sudan (1956 - 1969)

Author name: بان علي حمد سلمان
Supervisor name: ابتسام محمود جواد
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The Trade Union Movement appeared in Sudan as a result to many projects established by the British colonial. These projects were considered as the first step toward appearing working class which evolved a lot over time because of the British projects needs to manpower. Agricultural projects also contributed to the development of this class, especially cotton planting projects. Sudan was importing cotton from Egypt, but, because of the deterioration of agricultural there it started planting cotton, after proving appropriateness of its soil for planting cotton with high quality. The thesis is divided into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. Chapter one includes a necessary contradictory account of the political developments in Sudan until 1956; the geographical nature of the country; and the competition between British and Egypt on Sudan. It also contains brief accounts of the emergence of the Sudanese National Movement; the general conference of graduates; the formation of the Sudanese parties until 1956; the emergence of the Sudanese trade union movement and its most important organizations, such as Labor Union, Agricultural Union, Student Union, and Feminist Union; the obvious effect of these unions in the Sudanese life; and attitudes of these unions toward the formation of the parliament, the bilateral negotiations in 1950, unions, and Sudan's self - determination and the Declaration of Independence. Chapter two is titled ''Trade Unions and Political Variables 1956 - 1958''. It represents the political developments in 1956; ''Jauda'' projection; and the fall of Al - Azhari government. It also discusses Abdullah Khalil's first government and Sudanese unions; the public opinion from the US aid; unions and discusses Abdullah Khalil's second government; the 1958 election circumstances and its aftermath; and the strike of November 21, 1958. Chapter three focuses on unions under General Ibrahim Abboud's government 1958 - 1964; General Ibrahim Abboud's coup and the public opinion; Military counter - coups to the military rule of 1959; attitudes of students and workers toward the military rule; formation of the Public Central Council; and the reasons for the outbreak of the 1964 revolution and the end of ; General Ibrahim Abboud's rule. Chapter four studies the state of unions during the second democratic period (1964 - 1969). It focuses on unions and Sirelkhatim Khalifa's first government and its effects; unions and 1965 election under Sirelkhatim Khalifa's second government; formation of Mohamed Ahmed Mahjub's first government, which did not continue, and its most significant procedures; Al - Sadiq Al - Mahdi's government and the failed coup attempt by Communist Party and the unions; Mohamed Ahmed Mahjub's second government; Sudan's official and public position against 1967 aggression; and unions and the strike of August 20, 1967. And trade unions and strike Twenty August 1968 The conclusion was where we recorded what conclusions we have reached through our study of the trade union movement in the Sudan (1956 - 1969 And it can say that the trade union movement in the Sudan have a great importance in the Sudanese society through what is provided by the unions of achievements throughout the duration of their struggle
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الحياة الاجتماعية والثقافية في سورية 1920 - 1946م

Author name: بارق عباس عبيد عباس الراوي
Supervisor name: محمد يحيى احمد الجوعاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Anbar
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: The defeat of the ottoman state is considered in the first world war and its retreated towards Anatolia state resulted in getting out all the Arabic territories which were under its control amongst them Syria, the Arabic forces led by Faisal bin Al - Hussein could enter them after the Ottoman armies withdrawal from it and establishing Arabic government in Damascus.The Arabic government continues to govern Syria until 1920, but the allays abandoned of their promises for the Arabs in Sarema conference held in the Italian city San Remo in 1920 where they have agreed that the Arabic territories extended from the Mediterranean cost to the Arab gulf under the mandate, and Syria has become under the French mandate, the matter which effects directly in the political and administration aspects also the economic , social and cultural aspects, a lot of academic studies have illustrated the nature of the effects in the political and political aspects at the time the researchers has avoided counter the studies in the social and culture aspects, what has attracted me to the researcher in this subject to study the developments the social and culture life has witnessed in Syria during the French mandate.The study included introduction and four chapters and conclusion, the first chapter has discussed the social and cultural life in Syria(1919 - 1920) before imposing the French mandate on Syria in which the Syrian population structure of society consisted of Muslims, Christians , Jewish and classes the society consisted of them besides studying habits, traditions for each sect of these sects, also the chapter has displayed that the cultural life has built in it at the time of education, newspapers, magazines at this French political policy pursued against it.As for the second chapter , I have discussed in it the population structure and the society and the classes of the Syrian society along the period of the French mandate(1920 - 1946) and styles of the French policy pursued against the Syrian society and working to confirm one sect or class on the account of other service in favor of the mandate.The third chapter has discussed, the habits and traditions of each sect and the developments occurred on them at the mandate time.The forth chapter investigated the cultural life phenomenon which discussed teaching, newspapers, magazines, press, clubs and societies, cinema and theatre and the authorities fighting the French mandate for each culture activity counter its existence in Syria.
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التدوين التاريخي ومنهجه في الاندلس من القرن الخامس الهجري حتى نهاية القرن السابع الهجري == Historical Documentation And Its Approach In Al - Andulus

Author name: ايمان محمود حمادي العبيدي
Supervisor name: كريم عجيل حسين الجباوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Anbar
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: Researchers of History paid attention to the study of historical documentation and its approach for such study is useful for specialists in this field. A lot of theses, dissertations, books and papers in the past decades and the first decade of this century have been written dealing with the compilations of Islamic historians and their approach. The present thesis is entitled “ Historical Documentation and Its Approach in Al - Andulus 5th Century to 7th Century of Hijra” and is classified into five chapters. Chapter one deals with the documentations of the people of Andulus in the field of History according to the style of biographies which is one of the old and important approaches done by Islamic historians. It shows the development of the historical documentation and its trends and effects due to the changing circumstances of Al - Andulus. The chapter includes seven sections. In each section, there are three major points, which deal with the documentation of men biography, jurists and judges biography, literary writers and poets biographies, the documentation of princes, caliphs, women biographies, and the documentation of writers and doctors biographies. The last section deals with another kind of biography which is the documentation of sheikhs index (Known as Al - Baramij). Chapter two deals with the documentation of events in al - Andulus (5th century to 7th century). It includes two sections. Each one includes three major points dedicated to the documentation of Al - Magazi and Al - Seyar and the documentation of ancestry and news. We have mentioned at the end of each chapter what the sources mentioned as informational or historian therefore it did not mention his books. Chapter three deals with the approach of Ibn Hazm (died in 456 h.) in the documentation of biographies. We have chosen four letters in biography as models of study. We have studied his approach in each letter and his approach in the organization of each letter and the nature of biographies. Ibn - Hazm wrote in the first letter about the readers of Egypt. He mentioned them in a scientific approach caring to the time and place choen for his biographers. The space of his biographers in each letter was not equal, which was natural. Each writer has his approach in choosing the kind, bases and space of biographies, which lie behind certain reasons known for specialists. Ibn - Hazm dedicated his letter for the famous readers of various places and mentioned the name and death year. His criterion of fame was clear. In the second letter, he mentioned the narrators of Hadith, mentioning the great names of narrators only. He dedicated the third letter to Fatwa sheikhs in various places. The fourth letter deals with the biographies of Al - Rahedeen, Amoyeen and Abbaside Caliphs, ending with Al - Muqtader. He followed a specific approach. The biography includes major pillars which mention the nickname, the name, year of ascending the throne, date of death and name of Caliph’s mother. Chapter four deals wit the study of the approach of ‘Pioneers of Maliqa’ for Ibn - Asaker (died in 636), which is completed by his nephew Ibn - Khamis (died in 639). This book deals with two kinds of biographies : the jurists and literary men of Maliqa. We presented the contents of the book, then we studied the approach of biography of the writer, which is the name, ancestry, nickname, living place ans sometimes death year and their poetry. The chapter presents the approach of the book sources and the written books. Finally, it includes the political, administrative and cultural contents of the book ‘Pioneers of Maliqa’. Chapter five deals with the book of ‘Al - Awasim from Al - Qwasim’ for the judge Abi Bakir Ibn Al - Arabi (died in 543). It talks about his general outline and his approach in organization. He divided his book into two parts. The first deals with the dogmatic and thoughtful crises faced the nation through the statements and opinions of philosophers and various schools of thought. It includes too the solutions and answers for these problems. The second part of the book deals with the historical crises of the nation, especially the death of the prophet Mohammad (peace and blessing upon him), which was a great crisis in the Islamic history. Then the writer talked about the reaction to this crisis which is ended with the selection of Abu Bakir who ended this crisis. We studied the approach of Abu Bakir in systemizing his book, his contents and his sources. He was the first to deal with this approach in dealing with the thoughtful problems and dangerous historical events in the history of the nation when he made his book ‘crises and prevention’. He expressed his personal opinion in these issues, which is an opinion of an Andulusian historian concerning the crises of the nation. He showed his ability and direction in this approach, which he saw as useful to solve these crises. Therefore, he dedicated his book to deal with this issue. The study ends with a conclusion and recommendations. The study concludes that there are certain reasons for the abundance of historical documentation in the decades of the fifth century of Hijra. Among these reasons are the development of Moslems life and the intellectual movement in Al - Andulus. The centralized political rule in Al - Andulus and the establishment of the rule of states helped to prepare the suitable milieu for development and prosperity. The scientific progress is ended in Al - Andulus with the end of the centralized political power. Scientists, literary men and poets deserted Qurtaba city, the Capital of great Andulus because of the lack of security due to the great disturbance. Those writers deserted Qurtaba in 399 H. to the cities, which lie far of the tension. They found the encouragement and status with the princes of these cities. The princes of these states, during the years of disturbance and after the end of the Amoayan Caliphate in Al - Andulus in 422 to attract the scientists, gifted men and craftsmen and make them so close because some of the princes were poets or scientists brought up in a civilized society appreciating knowledge and science. We are not certain that the books mentioned in the two chapters by the Islamic historians are the only two documentations but they reflect part of the development of historical documentation in Al - Andulus till the end of seventh century. It is clear that the documentation continued in the fifth, sixth and seventh centuries more than the fourth century, which was politically and culturally stable though the political fragmentation led to the appearance of many small states known as the states of Al - Tawaaif in a time of political and military retreat of Al - Andulus in the ages of Al - Tawaaif, Al - Murabeteen and Al - Muhadeen. It is clear too through chapters three, four and five that the Andulusian historians are different in their approaches in organizing their books, so it was difficult to compare their approaches for their books are different in their contents too.
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المرويات التاريخية عن العراق وبلاد الشام في كتاب تاريخ حوادث الزمان وانبائه ووفيات الاكابر والاعيان من ابنائه لابن الجزري المتوفى (738هـ/1338م) == Historical Texts About Iraq And Syria From Tarikh Hawadith Al - Zaman Wa - Anba,Uhu Wa - Wafayat Al - Akabir Wa - Al - A'Yan Min Abn,Ihi By Ibn Al - Ja (738 AH/1338 Ad

Author name: ايمان عبد الجبار محمود التميمي
Supervisor name: مشتاق كاظم عاكول المياحي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: In the light of exposing historical relates mentioned by (Ibn Al - Jazri), the study gets to a number of matters : 1 - The Book of (Tarikh Hawadith Al - Zaman) known as the history of (Ibn Al - Jazri) died in (739AH - 1339AD) is our study case. This book is an important since it includes a historical period concerned with different sides of life under Mamalik political era including the religious, social and economic sides. Besides, the book concerned with deaths and was as a witness for aspects of that life. The book presented news that might not be found in other historians.2 - The book exposes accurate details about political and military (Damascus), whereof (Ibn Al - Jazri) talked about the death of Sultan (Sayf Al - Din Qilawin) and how his son Sultan (Khalil) was killed. Accordingly, his brother Sultan (Al - Nair Muhammad) ascended the throne. The book frequently talked about the throne forcibly taken from Sultan (Nasir), but he got it back and remained in the throne until his death. The book also talked about great achievements occurred during the era of Sultan (Al - Nasir), wherein (Ibn Al - Jazri) spent most of life, together with achievements Sultan fulfilled in neighboring cities.3 - The book talked about absolute authority Sultan ( Al - Nasir) gave it to the prince of Sham (Tankaz Bin Abdullah Al - Hussami) whose rein characterized with stability and security for the people due to economic achievements including lands reform, building , water , taxes reduce and other achievements. It has been indicated through our reading these events , that Bilad Al - Sham was economically prosperous via the agriculture that gave it a very prominent geographical site since it was located near the mountain of (Qasyun) and near the rivers. Moreover, there prevailed industry, office of taxes and internal and external trade prosperity as to encourage Sultans to do more.4 - The book depicted life of the people, along with their happiness, traditions, social, national and religious ceremonies. Ibn Al - Jazri talked about social appearances for Ruling family as Sultans and princes ( their daughters marriage or marriage of one of them in addition to luxury. (Ibn Al - Jazri) also concerned with religious and national ceremonies for other people ( non - Muslims) lived side by side with Muslims in Damascus. 5 - The book exposes all religious and cultural sides during Mamluki era through establishing schools , mosques and appointing efficient teachers, judges ( with all religious references) who were living in Damascus. The book concerned with the prominent men's religious ceremonies. Hence the book was a real mirror to expose cynicism in BiladAl - Sham and it mentioned the most prominent figures of cynicism in Bilad Al - Sham at that time. 6 - Despite the author concerned with the history of Bilad Al - Sham, Egypt extremely,but he did not confine himself at this point , rather he exceeded to include news of other neighboring countries just like Iraq ,Yemen and others as India, Habasha and Binghal. 7 - The historical subject included in this book being mostly regarded as an accurate one, sometime, the author tends to summarize the details, depending on the sources.8 - The book did not depend only on observations of (Ibn Al - Jazri), but it exceeded that by depending on his interviews and his relations with Shaykhs and talks delivered to him from his father, his uncles and his relatives.9 - The book mentioned wonders and strangers and some jokes happened in the city of (Ibn Jazri) (Damascus) or received news from other countries via sources he relied on in his book. The book also included simple colloquial words of his city (Damascus).10 - The book included poetry, poems and recitations which (Ibn Al - Jazri) organized about prominent figures in addition to other tales recited to him by prominent figures about their life. Thus, the book has considered as a literary one since it includes names of books and volumes. It is worthy to be mentioned that the author translated in it (the book) for himself, for his sons, for his brothers and for his relatives. Despite a lot of writers wrote about him (Ibn Al - Jazri), but their details were simple and abridged exceeding not more than few lines, even if they were contemporary with him or were directly contacting with him.
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حسين جميل ودوره السياسي في العراق 1954 - 1968 == Hussein Jameel And His Political Role In Iraq (1954 - 1968)

Author name: اية جميل عباس محمد
Supervisor name: جمعة عليوي فرحان الخفاجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of famous characters is a very important issue, because through them we can know the facts and the events that they contemporaries and of which contributed significantly in shaping and formulating the events at that time. The contemporary history of Iraq had witnessed the emerging of a number of very important characters and among them Hussein Jameel.The title of this study is "Hussein Jameel and His Political Role in Iraq 1954 - 1968". Hussein Jameel led the Democratic Movement in Iraq, and combined in his personality : the lawyer, the political, the thinker and the writer. He devoted his life to the project of renaissance based on the rule of the law and the human rights. This thesis is a complementary to another one, which studied Hussein's jameel character since his birth 1908 until 1954. It has been divided into : Introduction, Preface, Three Chapters and a conclusion. The Preface has dealt with a brief summary of his personal life.Chapter one has highlighted his activities and his political attitudes in between 1954 - 1958. He participated in establishing the National Congress Party 1956. This chapter also presents Hussein's Jameel apposed attitudes towards Baghdad alliance, and his attitudes towards the most important Arab issues such as : the Palestinian and the Algerian issues, and the tripartite aggression against Egypt. He supported all the Arab issues financially and morally, and he had connections with the organization of the Free Officers "Al - thubat Al - ahrar". He was also a liaison between President Gamal Abdel Nasser and Lawyer Union, in which he had became the Head President 1953 - 1957, and after that he was chosen as the General - which he defended the lawyers' rights and participated in several conferences which were devoted to develop the reality of the unions in the Arab land, pursuing and supporting the Arab issues.Chapter two had handled the drafting of Hussein's Jameel to the Interim Iraqi Constitution in 1958, after the 14th of July Revolution in 1958; which organized the working system of the state during the transition period. Then he became the Iraqi ambassador in India and worked on closer ties between the two sides. After that he became the Minister of Guidance for two days only due to the divergence of views between him and Abdul Karim Kawwem. Later he became the Iraqi ambassador in Tehran and sought to improve the strained relations between the two countries. Finally he resigned from his position at late and get back to work with the party as it had been allowed for political parties in 1960 to practice their activity. He participated in the establishment of the National Democratic Party, which collapsed in 1961 because of the disagreement between its members, especially between Muhammad Haded and Kamil Al - Jadraji, then the dispute between Hussein Jameel and Kamil Al - Jadraji. During that duration he wrote many articles in the newspaper "Al - Ahaly" which was the mouthpiece of the National Democratic Party, and contributed to the drafting of the military supreme law court.Chapter three touched on his contribution to the formulation of the National Council for the leadership of the Revolution and his supported position to the Kurdish issue. He participated in the negotiations with the Kurdish delegation in 1963. During the sixties of the last century he raised several memorandums to the ministers' leaders as a result of the deterioration of the political, economical and social situations in the country. He demanded for the need of reforming the situations in the country and working on the changing of the style of the governance system, as he emphasized on the need to base the government system on popularity and mass. He also participated in the meeting of the Republic Palace which was held to resolve the political, economical and social problems. Hussein Jameel had presented many proposals and solutions in order to find the appropriate solution to get out from the crisis, particularly the oil crisis that erupted between Iraq and Syria. Again he emphasized on the need to change the governance system to solve all the other outstanding problems. The thesis also addressed the intellectual production of Hussein Jameel as he wrote many research articles, political books, books on law which enriched the aThe conclusion contained the main findings of which the most important was that Hussein Jameel was a supportive of the Arab states and supporting them in crises, believed in the Democratic Parties work, and this is why he participated in establishing it. He believed in the freedom of thoughts and advocated the human rights in his writings. He was a proficient lawyer, participated in formulating the Iraqi law, worked on developing law as a profession, believed in freedom, approved his skillfulness in the diplomatic carrier and beside all this he had enjoyed the love of everyone. His house, especially after he had got retired from political jobs, was a place visited by the intellectuals and politicians from both inside and outside Iraq. He helped and guided post graduate students by supplying them with useful references and books from his own library. The thesis had adopted a verity of sources, which include documents unpublished and published, books in Arabic language and translated to Arabic, personal notes, journals and magazines in addition to his own writings.Finally we can say that Hussein Jameel was a National figure and one of the leaders of the Democratic Trend in Iraq who defended the human rights and the freedom of thoughts.
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سياسة الولايات المتحدة الامريكية تجاه الصراع الاثيوبي - الصومالي حول اقليم اوغادين (1960 - 1978) == United States Policies Toward The Somali, An Ethiopian Conflict About The Ogaden Region(1960 - 1978)

Author name: ايام مشهد كاظم
Supervisor name: منتهى طالب سلمان
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Most studies about the United States policy towards the Third World in general and Africa in particular, have not get an independent scientific study in Iraq towards the Horn of Africa or in particular and the Ethiopian - Somalian conflict about the Ogaden region, which is part of Somalia, and has been spilt up by the European countries which have divided Somalia into several parts among them and made this region under Ethiopian control, despite the efforts of Somalia to retrieve this territory from Ethiopia but remained under Ethiopian control.The importance of the main study comes to clarify the US policy toward the Somalian - Ethiopian conflict, and to show how the United States entered the Horn of Africa, and find an affective areas there, especially in Ethiopia, which was able to provide a lot of help and facilities to the American presence in the region. Ethiopia is set as a basic point for the US in the Horn of Africa in order to control the ways that transfer oil from the Arabian Gulf through Bab al - Mandab's Strait. as well as to observe the role that done by the United States, through the provision of military aid to Ethiopia, which has been able to maintain the Ogaden region at the time. As addition the study dealt with evaluating of the US policy, the conflict between the regional countries, the impact of success and failure over this policy with the impact of the intervention of the other regional and international powers. 1. In light of what presented above the submitted thesis has divided into four chapters, documents, supplements and conclusion, the first chapter consists a study of three sections, the first includes the definition of the strategic importance of the Horn of Africa and the beginning of the European competition, while the second section shows the roots of the t Somalian - Ethiopian conflict till 1960, and the third dealt with the beginnings of the US presence in the Horn of Africa until 1960.2. The second chapter comes to discuss the role of the United States in the political developments in Ethiopia and Somalia 1960 - 1964, and it includes three sections, the first section addresses the political situation in Somalia after independence until 1964, while the second section shows how the problem has been put in conferences and African organizations and the impact of African countries in reducing this conflict, whilst the third section dealt with the Somalian - Ethiopian war - in 1964 and the role of the United States in it.3. The third chapter comes under the title Ethiopian - Somalian relations and its impact on international competition in the region until 1973, consisted of three sections, the first section has devoted to clarify the normalization of Somalian - Ethiopian relations policy from 1965 to 1969, the second section touched Somalia under the military rule 1969 - 1973, while the third section shows the military government relations between Ethiopia and the great nations1969 - 1973.4. The fourth chapter hold the title the impact of Somalian - Ethiopian conflict upon the international competition in the region until 1978, this chapter has been divided into two sections, the first section has allocated to the Ethiopian politics in the era of Mengistu Haile Mariam from 1974 to 1977, the second section touched the Somalian - Ethiopian war 1977 - 1978 and the role of international forces in it. in the conclusion we find the summary of what the study has reached, of results and general conclusions in this regard.5. The Ethiopian - Somalian conflict regarded as the most intractable conflicts in the African continent and the longest - lived, it's rooted belong to the Middle Ages, it began after the arrival of Islam to this region and embraced by the Somalian. Since then, the conflict started and take multiple forms, and the wars that have existed between Ethiopia and Somalia were undecided. 6. As a result of the Somali division, Ethiopia has turned into a multi - ethnic and norms empire, and to control the Horn of Africa and take a part of drawing the political boundaries there. Where there no considerations to the principle of nationalities or the right to self - determination in drawing those boundaries, so Ethiopia borders have not been fully recognized by their mutual and among its neighbors, except its border with Kenya, and Djibouti. Somalia lost the western Somali region (Ogaden) as a result of British colonialism conceded through treaties and agreements about this region, so that this region has become a zone of conflict between the two countries for a long time continued to the present day.7. Africa in general and the Horn of Africa in special did not get the United States attention for many years, because it did not find any threats from the European powers which represented by Britain, France and Italy to its interests in the continent. So that, the US attention in the Horn of Africa has started after the II World War, after it came out of the war loaded with big capitals, the United States invested it in the African continent which took the form of economic and military aid to gain access to cheaper and abandoned industrials martials from the continent. The US interest in the Horn of Africa has grown as it occupying geostrategic location next to the oil resources in the Middle East, the necessary object that needed by the United States, as well as its location in the South desert of Africa, and the huge size of the military facilities on the Red Sea shores, and the need of such military facilities for the United States , as well as geographical proximity of the Horn from the Arabian Gulf, which is the gateway of oil to the United States, as addition this region is considered to be economically good stockpile of mineral resources, and other sources of energy, especially since the region occupies a central position in the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean, which made it a region of vital importance to the interests of the United States of America, particularly the strategic priority of the United States was lie in searching cheaper and enriched oil stocks in the world.8. It has been proved scientifically and historically that the revolution is moving by infected and push the winds of change from one place to another, especially if the environment is paved ,ready and mature, Ethiopia were those mature environment to welcome the change, so that the military coup in Ethiopia in 1974 occurred and overthrow the Imperial rule, and with the rise of the military Ethiopia to power in September 1974,and after five years after the rise of Somalia's military regime to power in the October 21, 1969, the political stage in Horn of Africa has become on the edge of a new challenge and change, Racing challenge and confronta - tion between the military of the two neighboring countries , has become the most important race not in the Horn of Africa alone, but in all of Africa, which has seen many other similar positions, and changes over successive military coups, changed the balance of power, changed alliances and ignited old and new conflicts and animosities altogether. 9. Loss the Ogaden war 1977 - 1978 backed to the recklessness of Siad Barre, who announced severance the relations with the Soviet Union, which led to depriving Somalia of military aid from them, although the Soviet Union tried to find a balance between Ethiopia and Somalia, and not to lose one of the parties in order to keep benefit from the basis taken by the Soviet Union in the region, so the Soviet Union became the master in the region. The hesitation of the United States of not providing assistance due to personal inexperienced and the naive of the US President Carter and decision - makers there who feared to repeat the Vietnam war in Ogaden, which left t negative effects, so the US preferred to be observer to the events that happen in the Ogaden, in particular the Horn of Africa in general.The conflict between Ethiopia and Somalia has regarded as one of the conflicts that have evolved into full - scale war, in traditional sense. After that hundreds of thousands of both sides went victims to armed operations, the case is still under investigation and subject to further research, tight and attract, though the war has ended, Skirmishes, clashes border and political maneuvering diplomacy, or (what might be called an indirect conflict) is still Ongoing and continuous.
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مدينة جوين : دراسة في احوالها العامة من القرن الاول الهجري حتى نهاية القرن الثامن الهجري == Gwen City Study In Public Their Conditions From The First Century Until The End Of The Eighth Century AH

Author name: انعام صافي عبد جاسم الربيعي
Supervisor name: سعاد هادي حسن الطائي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الحمد لله الاول قبل الانشاء، والاخر بعد فناء الاشياء، والصلاة والسلام على سيدنا محمد خاتم الرسل والانبياء وعلى ال بيته وصحبه الغر النجباء... شهدت مدن العالم الاسلامي ومنذ الوهلة الاولى لانتشار الاسلام فيها الى تغيير هائل في بنائها المدني وعلى جميع الاصع | Praise be to God first before construction, and the other things after courtyard, prayer and peace be upon the Prophet Muhammad ring of the apostles and prophets, and the family of his home and his family a granite nujaba... I saw the cities of the Islamic world and the very outset of the spread of Islam in which to a huge change in the civil construction and at all levels, and thus draws attention that historical period extending from 3 AH / 9th century AD onwards has been characterized advantage outperformed other advantages, making it the focus of attention of writers and researchers and is busy the Islamic world and its cities to science and knowledge and the arts Arts, which characterized most of the Islamic character, which encouraged them to label these centuries of life of the Islamic nation the Golden Ages to the campaign of the evolution of massive cities and in all of science, has raced cities to appear booming cities scientifically and if Beyond talk of the capital of the caliphate Baghdad nearby cities including Kalsham, Egypt, Morocco, and we went Bonzarna towards the Orient to the Khorasan province and its cities and Rsataiqa as the various sciences flourished until Nishapur became schools of the largest and most important universities in the Islamic world at that time, I have written in this area a lot of studies and research, but they still give researchers from der what ownership of the treasures of science and knowledge, it is still a lot of angles and aspects of what it is worth research and study, and in one corner of Nishapur attracted our attention ancient city Hdtna the momentum sciences and the diversity of knowledge and culture of her children, was the catalyst and encouraging the study and I am pleased as saying that the idea It was studied with the encouragement of my professor virtuous Prof. Suad Hadi Hassan al - Tai, as suggested commendable study and Omdtna the reasons for the access..Gwen that city, which is Rustaq fourth of Rsatiq Nishapur, and one of the important Orhan same geographic location is important geographically and regionally, in the city met the reasons for urbanization, because it is abundant agriculture, industry list, and moneymaking popular, and culture full of science inherited a sophisticated, entered the Islamic religion Vhzb its civilization, and camel culture, and the age of its society to become integrated Islamic city, and had interest in Islamic science has intrigued researchers and writers, as he appeared in a large number of scientists who took the science of religion and cared for him very much attention, but that attention to the science of the Islamic religion did not prevent interest in science again, Gwen The community characterized by inclusiveness because the other sciences, such as language and social sciences and applied sciences and intellectual has figured Jawinyin.The information and news about frequent and diverse city has helped us to know what it was and how the city was geographical, regional, economic, social, scientific and intellectual environment for their children.Despite the presence of valuable information in the books for the city but there are some difficulties that we have encountered in some respects during the search, including the Arab sources did not expand to talk about some aspects, such as some of its villages names and the meaning of the city and villages name and derived language, which led us to adopt the Persian and other foreign sources.One of the difficulties that we faced also the lack of available information on the names of some of the educational institutions and their locations, especially mosques, connectivity and schools, as well as having some Alguinah scientific figures with an interest in the novel the Hadith, but wrote Sir translations only a little and only mentioned their names in not remember them outsource some novels Hadith Although the accuracy of the research.Life has been in integrated Gwen city and from different aspects, has been characterized sciences diversity and inclusiveness, due to interest people in science and learning, and the interest of the governors and governors in this regard, which was the outcome of that city's appearance appearance scientific diversified It is worth to him noted that previous studies did not take the city only Some scientists study such as Abdul Malik bin Abdullah Jouini famous Faqih Shafi'i (d. 478 AH / 1085 AD), was interested in this regard jurists if ate his books of fiqh and his style and approach them as Arjawa on his views of jurisprudence in various issues, as well as with of Atta king Jouini (d. 681 AH / 1282 m) as he studied his political role with the Mongols and this Makedmh Mohammed Saeed Jamal al - Din in his book Aladdin Atta king Jouini governor of Iraq after the expiry of the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad, either from the city of Gwen public and condition did not address her studies before and that this study is the first in this area If dealt with different aspects of the city and this is what Snodha chapters in the thesis : Thesis included four chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion.I dealt with in the first chapter, entitled (Gwen) City geography, which included two topics First topic (linguistic and historical roots of the name Gwen city and its geographic borders) as it addressed naming the city and linguistic derivation and meaning of the label and the gradient in pronunciation and localization and opinions that have been said in the meaning of the label and derived, then City site and its importance, and its borders, and length, width.In the second part, which carries the name (villages Gwen city and its roads and terrain, climate) has been the study of cities, towns and villages and Qsbadtha and associated and the change in the towns from time to time and the importance of conducting, including roads and referred to the importance of this in life, especially economic and social city, either topography and climate have The study addressed the importance of the fact that in terms of general ambience of the city, and the importance of it in the lives of its inhabitants.The second chapter, which carries the name (the elements of the population in the city of Gwen and religious beliefs and economic and political activity) has included three sections of which the first part, which dealt with the (elements of the population in the city of Gwen and religious beliefs) It was found that the city containing different social composition formed their complementarity community Jouini as we find the Persians, Arabs, Kurds, Turkmen and Baluch or Baloch, have varied religious beliefs among these populations from one era to another. After the spread of the ancient Persian religion of worship based on polytheism and polytheism, we find in the later periods of the spread of Zoroastrianism and doctrines of other such doctrine Mani and Mozdok, has spread temples this religion in most cities, especially Gwen and villages, and besides those religions we find Judaism, Christianity, and then to be the conclusion keeping with the Islamic faith, which has spread in the city of Gwen all the cities of the Orient Islamic and the Broader religion and the broader After the conversion of the population of the Islamic religion, which has become the official state religion.In the second section dealt with (economic activity in the city of Gwen and its impact on public life), if done in the city, all the elements of its economic life has been the study of agriculture in the city, industry, mining and commerce dealt with, and the impact of economic activity on public life in the city, the study showed that Gwen City an economically prosperous city for the success of cultivation and development of industry, trade and vogue because it is located on the road to commercial convoys and it was a rest station for these convoys as well as the attention of rulers and encourage trade and secure.In the third section dealt with (the Arab conquest of the city Gwen political, military and condition (31 - 800h / 651 - 1397m) has included the study of the Arab - Muslim conquest of the city in 31 AH / 651 AD and political conditions which accompanied and followed it to the year 132 AH / 749 AD) then addressed the political and military developments in the city in the period Allhakh (132 - 800h / 749 - 1397m).In the third chapter it was about our research center (agents and catalysts boom scientific life in the city of Gwen), which included four topics included the first (the spread of Islam and the Arabic language in the city of Gwen and its impact on the prosperity of the scientific life)(And the emergence of educational institutions in the city and its role in the evolution of the scientific life) represented in the mosques and Koranic schools, connectivity and Khanqahat and houses scientists and bookcases, as was the prominent role of these institutions in the prosperity of the scientific life of the receivables Gwen.In the second section dealt with (scientific councils and their impact on the prosperity of scientific life in the city of Gwen) and is represented on the boards of dictation and Alastmlae, and boards of preaching and reminders, and boards of the debate, and the role of these councils valuable publication of science, culture and awareness in the cityIn the third section dealt with (the role of the princes and rulers of scientific and families in the scientific life support and prosperity in the city of Gwen), as was the cam and princes important role in the scientific life support if encouraged scientists and Qrbohem and made them gifts and prizes, but they built them schools and the role of education and exaggerated in the press for authoring and classification provided So many awards and grants, also addressed this topic in scientific role of families in the city of Gwen in the scientific life support which emerged after a distinguished families such as the family of Al - Jouini vitality and brown febrile Jouini and family Bahauddin Jouini (owner of Court).In the fourth section dealt with (trips and their impact in support of scientific activity in the city of Gwen) has focused research on scientific trips and their impact in support of scientific activity as the Muslim world scientists journey showed to the city of Gwen and their role in the dissemination of science in the debtor, and a trip Gwen city of scientists to the cities of the Muslim world The track of them in the dissemination of sciences in those cities and the introduction of Yalom cities that left it and seeking more of them then deployed in the city of Gwen when they return to it, as well as put a cost pilgrimage to the Mecca of the importance of the pilgrimage in the development of science and knowledge if it meets the pilgrimage seasons many scientists both in Mecca or in cities that are located on the roads leading to it making it easier to meet with those scientists and taking them.In the fourth chapter, which carries the title (flourishing religious and human, intellectual and mental sciences in the city of Gwen) has included four topics singled out the first section of which (actively religious sciences in the city), represented in the Holy Quran science of conservation and readings and interpretation included as well as the Hadith Sciences and prosperity of science Fiqh in the city of Gwen and the most prominent jurists.In the second section dealt with (boom of Human Sciences in the city of Gwen), which is in Arabic language sciences Activity in the city of grammar, literature and the subsequent poetry and prose, letters, shrines and they might rhetoric and Arts rhetoric as well as dealt with calligraphy and prosperity of writing, the most prominent writers in the city, as has been pointed to the social sciences in the city, such as history and geography did not empty the city of the arts, especially music, as some have been identified and authors interested in this aspect.The third section, which carries the title (the evolution of intellectual science at the City Gwen), have been identified, of which the most prominent intellectual of Science in the city theology in particular, and science controversy and disagreement, and philosophy, wisdom and logic, mysticism and the most prominent interested him from the people of Gwen city.In the fourth section, which carries the title (support mental sciences in the city of Gwen and development), the research focused on the medicine, engineering, algebra and arithmetic and mathematics.The thesis is attached tables and charts for scientific families in the city, as well as geographical maps of the city and several pictures illustrate some areas and archaeological sites of the city.
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السياسة الداخلية في انكلترا (1509 - 1547) : دراسة تاريخية == The Internal Policy In England (1509 - 1547)

Author name: ابتسام سلمان سعيد جبارة
Supervisor name: عبد المجيد كامل عبد اللطيف التكريتي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The foreign historians and researchers called the name (The Era of First Tudors) on the historical stage ranging between the years (1485 - 1547) including the era of the kings Henry VII and Henry VIII in England, which was considered an important stage in the English history, for it saw the beginning of transition from the Medieval age to the Renaissance age which resulted in the revival of England and the two revolutions (the religious reformation) and the movement of (great discoveries). Those two revolutions interacted with each other and led to a great change in the thinking pattern and view to the universe and religion which resulted in the entry to the modern world. The significance of this study came in the explanation of that change. In the beginning of the stage, England was a an isolated agricultural country, but had an importance in the balance of international powers at that time. At the end of that stage, England owned a naval power and an export industry represented by the industry of woolen cloth as well as a number of small industrial products. After it was a country subordinate to the Christian church in Rome, it had its own church called the Anglican Church. On the basis of that significance to study one of the development stages of one of the developed societies presently, i.e. the English society, this thesis came under the title (The Internal Policy in England 1509 - 1547) to examine the overall political, economic and social positions England passed through. The thesis also indicated the intensive labor state suffered by the English society with all its sections, especially the intellectuals class who faced various kinds of elimination, fighting and torture which led to losing their lives. That change was reflected on the poor class of the society where economic and political crises generated intense disorders, the most prominent one was the raise of the living standard, and here it is worthy to mention that the substantial factor in the incidence of those disorders was not the English government failure in treating them as much as it was a natural issue through which the societies passed who turned from the feudal system to the liberal one which often tended to experimentation and search for the new. The thesis consisted of an introduction, five chapters, a conclusion and an English abstract. The first chapter addressed the internal political developments in England (485 - 1509) including two sections, the first section was about the House of Tudor and their accession to the power in England, while the second one was about Henry Tudor's mounting the throne of England 1485. The second chapter dealt with the ruling system in England at the era of Henry VII in three sections, the first section was on the structure of governmental institution at the era of Henry VII, the second one was on the administration at the era of Henry VII, while the third one was on the State budget at the era of Henry VII. The third chapter studied the internal political developments in England (1509 - 1529) in two sections, the first section dealt with Henry VIII mounting the throne of England 1509, whereas the second dealt with the social and religious positions and notion in England at the beginning of the 16th century. The fourth chapter examined the movement of religious reformation in England at the era of Henry VIII (1529 - 1547) in three sections, the first section addressed the initiatives of the religious reformation movement in England, the second one addressed Thomas More's government, whereas the third one addressed the supreme sovereignty law in 1534. The fifth and last chapter addressed the internal political developments in England during the first half of the 16th century in two sections, the first section tackled the administrative organizations in north England, Ireland and Wales at the era of Henry VIII, while the second one tackled the economic developments in England during the first half of the 16th century
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وظيفة التفتيش الاداري في العراق 1958 - 1932 == The Function Of Administrative Inspection In Iraq 1932 - 1958

Author name: انس عبد اللطيف طه حسين
Supervisor name: كريم طلال مسير الركابي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of an administrative in royal reign of Iraq will lead us to study the inspective organization which inspects this system one of this inspective organization is the function of administrative system which is considered the most effective system in Iraqi administrative order because it evaluates its function and corrects its work. In addition to that it represents one aspect of the contemporary history of Iraq. The establishing of administrative inspection begins with the and with the declaration of the first law of the administrative inspec??on in 1923.The early stages of establishing this organization was just a means from the united kingdom to impose their flounce over because most of the people who worked there was British. After apricot of time the patriotic Iraqi people had realized the importance of this organization so they tried to have their own authority over it.After the success of this a tempt. The Iraqi government was able to red use the British in flounce gradually until this organiza??on became in Iraqi hand in the 1933.After that the administration inspection witnessed anew turning point represented by the declaration of administrative issue to improve this important organization to be more wellorganized as to fit with the new reality of independent Iraq. To develop the function of the administrative in section in all law's.the government declared the law of administrative inspec??on an 1936. The declaration of this law gave this organization a great role do supervise the state foundation. This organization had suffered same obstacle which effected its function for example punish some of important employers in ministry ofInerior and the political events of Iraq. As a result of this the reports of the inspectors become merely a routine and they are not taken in consideration. So problems of the institution of law's are not being solved.In order to develop the performance of the function of administrative inspection, the government has declared the law of administra??ve inspec??on in 1940.This law gave the inspectors money authorities but this reforming had laced a difficulty representing by the small number of the inspectors.The administrative inspection had an important role in the events of Iraq it is tory, like the event of joint of June in 1941 and the protest of 1948. This role was represented by reveling the secrets of these events.As well as. The administrative inspection played an important role in the establishing if constrictive council, this role was represented by observing the projects in / WA's of Iraq and making sure its success In the last decades of the royal reign the government hadincreased the number of the inspector to improve the inspective vole and reduce the corruption.
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مجلة الرابطة : دراسة فكرية سياسية 1944 - 1946 == Magazine "Al - Rabitah Intellectual Study Political 1944 - 1946

Author name: انتظار نجم كوت سالم القريشي
Supervisor name: عباس فرحان ظاهر شبر الموسوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: Iraq's Contemporary history witnessed emergence of intellectual and political trends and the most notable one was the democratic reformist trend that represented by the group of people that returned to political activities during the second world war , and sprang from those groups many parties and societies that played a major role in political domain in Iraq and emergance was accompanied by emergance of magazines and newspaper that were expressing their owners' ideas in terms of political and social subjects and other life matters and the most famous among them was (( Alrabete )) magazine that was issued from the cultural association organization , its founder was Abd Alfatah Ibrahim and was joined by a large number of politicians and educated people that had master degrees, some of them were graduated from American Universities that were trying to realize their goals that were subjected to political and economical and social advancement for Iraq. The importance of our study of (( Alrabete)) magazine that is one of the important pioneering magazines in Iraq , especially that the magazine covered subjects related to Iraq's history in different areas , the matter that made it a resource of Iraq's contemporary history and it contains big number of studies and scientific researches that deserve trying and studying , in addition to its course was written by a book that had a big role in Iraq's contemporary history and they tried with their ideas make the nation realize matters that could help bring the advancement for Iraq in democratic and scientific ways.The magazine dealt with so many various subjects , and we will deal with political , social and economical and cultural subjects of Iraq in our study. Also we will deal with most important Arabic world matters, In addition to magazine's attitude toward soviet union that was representing a major power in international political domain that time, and high intellectual orientations of the magazine in view of its proposals in these subjects. This subjects requires comprehensive study for all the magazine issued in 16/3/1944 and finalizes to the number 22 issued in 16/7/1946 with general study of Iraqi press history and describing its general direction. The thysis consisted of introduction and preface and five sections and conclusion, The preface and five sections dealt with studying Iraqi Press in the second world war that was among them Alrabete society Press, especially that those press were insisting on presenting the country's conditions in different aspects and in continuous way and to finding solutions to those conditions. The first sections dealt with that was subjected ( Establishing Alrabete magazine and its development circumstances ) and its activates and it studied the second appendix in establishing Alrabete magazine, the study dealt with magazine issue and its management and its funds and its printing and its news resources and the newspapers that were printed into it and its artistic level and news agents that sold the magazine. The second section speciallized to translating magazine "founders life" ((Abd Alfatah Ibrahim )) and the most notable writers who had a major role in political and intellectual life in Iraq in that era of Iraq's history. The third section devoted to studying the most notable econmical problems of Iraq. On that time there was an abvious deterioration in ecanamical condition in Iraq as on out come of second worlder reflections on Iraq and it created a big at tention from the magazine and especiallly from the agriculture that was creating the basis for nations's in come on that time. and it dealt with eather's problem and watering and national business , industry and also Iraqi Oil matters, and it also dealt with Iraqi financial matters. The fourth section consisted of addressing the magazine for the social conditions in Iraq as an educational and helath aspects and it spoke of magazine attitude of suffering Iraqi women in addition to it’s attitude to workers condition. The fifth section followed the magazine's attitude of cultural and political matters and in cultural aspects we represented the magazine's attitudes of Iraqi press and the most imortant litreature addressing and also political attention the sections cared for magazin's description of its attitude towared the second world war and its attitude toward the conflicting national, especially the soviet union and political devlopments in Iraq and the most notable Arabic matters especially the syrian and Palestinion matters, in addition to discussing the magazine attitude of events developments in Arabic Africa.
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الاعلام عند العرب قبل الاسلام : دراسة تاريخية == Pre - Islamic Arab Media Historical Study

Author name: امل عجيل ابراهيم الحسناوي
Supervisor name: خالد موسى عبد الحسيني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Arab History Before Islam
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: Media is a social phenomenon present with in dividual and society in all life's aspects. It is represented by the hvman beings commini cation among eoch other , no human or social , roup can do with out it. Media doesn't restriced to diffuse news or tell's , or to propaganda , rat her it in cludes each process by which the individuals share common concepts to exchange in for mation and ideas which man look for ward through the different era since the most primitive way to the mass media revolution media is known as aproduct of the new era. with it's communication potentialities , though it doesn't mean that media , as asocial phenomenon is anew art , rather it is an cient one has. It's deep roots within all the human developments stages , Man is amedia man by nature , his life in valved the communication with the others to express himself , heeds and feelings and here. We find the first root of media. The research is divided into four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter deals with the concept of media in Language and tradition , it's use during the an cient civilization , suchas that of Misapotinia , the Greek civilization. And ploman civilization. The second chapter is devoted to exhibite the Arab peninsula geography , and the social divisions such as Bedouins urbans due to it's importance for the thesis subject In the third chapter the researcher explains the pre lslamic Arab medie image viaselectiny their names , their descents , treaties , moral and adventures with which their society is distinguished. The mass media that the pre , lslamic Arabic in dividuals used have been studied in the fourth chapter those media were the oral ones such as poetry , speech proverbs , sayings and command ments and the written ones such as Lettersor rains. It also deals with the places of media such the markets and the hajj seasons and the tribs meetings the study obtained asset of results such as that the media use in the ancient civilization. Was very large and active and it successed in achieving , it's aims and purposes It was used in all life aspects starting with the simple detail of their social life to the policles of their kings and Leaders by using different mass medig and invented methods , and different place to be their forums suchas soogn ladh , and the hajj season which was in addition to its religions essence , aplace for exhibiting their advantages. Their tibes meetings were mass places , to exchange news and in for mation attended by agreatnumber of poets , orators and narrators where they were too successful to say that they had used thses matters un purposely and with out medition.
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المؤسسة العسكرية الاخمينية (559 - 330 ق.م) == Achaemeind Military Establishment 559 - 330 B.D)

Author name: علي علكم خريبط الدريعي
Supervisor name: سعد عبود سمار
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: The military establishment has contributed significantly to the establishment of the achaemenid strong state, after it had been scattered tribes do not have the ability to defend their territory as aresult of successive invasions on the tribes.But preferred this institution, has control over several states and countries, in addition, they have contributed to the formation of Persian civilization, as evidenced by the fees that explained the effects of (Takht - e Jamshid) which confirmed that most of these effects suggests Military force, it turned out that State,and expressed by the artist when he scored victories. lt is imperative to study the achaemenid military establishment and especially According to our belief, that he did not confirm the historical Arab force those studies did not bother them too much, so we chose this topic to be discussed this subject. The researcher has suffered from many of the most important of these difficulties, difficulties that libraries do not contain many of these books on our subject. In addition to the departure Persian books on focused attention the military side, so most of the information that I've found in the sources of the books were scattered and dispersed, and most of them written in ancient Persian, but this is the need for an immediate translation of specialists, meaning that most of the translators got away from translated because of the difficulty add to their wording , and this is what made me suffer a lot a lot. In addition to continuing my travel to the Islamic Republic in Iran for sources and references that help me.This study analyzed the physical effects of the Achaemenid civilization and documented by the artist in the form of letters and fees mural, fees have been focused on the military side, which emphasizes the power of the state and reviewed before the delegations coming to give gifts in order to convey an image to their home countries, in order to convey to the world Military force, which they own, and these patterns have affected the political reality, and the proof is that a lot of the armies of enemies became surrender just because they hear the Achaemenid military action, and in particular the military band that was called (Immortals), which has spread its forms in several runways of the palaces of kings Alakhminin.This study included four chapters, each chapter includes a lot of studies according to how important chapter. Conclusion and also included a special supplement with the illustrations on the subject of the search.The introduction included (Boot) a brief on the emergence of the state and the most important Achaemenid kings, and countries that have undergone. The first chapter may be ill and army subdivisions, if explained in the first part, to the most important class in the army and they Achaemenid (Immortals), who emerged as their importance through direct communication with King.And became the second section title (infantry and cavalry), who were the majority of the army Achaemenid. The third section has included the naval force and how to create them and the stages of its development and its role in the expansion of the state, in conjunction with ground forces joint operations. The fourth topic interested in other varieties, namely, (Department of Engineering - Department of medical care - administrative services consisting of classes E department Class of military salaries and supplies).
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التنظيمات الادارية في العهد الاخميني (550 - 331 ق.م) == Administrative Organizations In The Achaemenid Period (B.C 331 - 550)

Author name: اسماء جميل راضي
Supervisor name: مهدية فيصل صالح الموسوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: In this study The ancient Persian civilization in general. And the Achaemenid civilization in particular Researcher finds Achaemenids that the Kings did not leave written records kept of events that they have experienced. As if to be a glorification of victories or listed the battles they have fought. As well as any mention not up to us the sequence of historical events prepared by scholars and scribes of the royal court by order of any king of kings, the Achaemenids.Especially kings who knew the political wisdom And the efficiency of the state administration, such as King Cyrus II (B.C 530 - 559) and King Darius I (B.C 486 - 521). As they never left only minor administrative records, have been saved in property cupboards indicate that they have succeeded in organizing and managing their empire Therefore, beneficiaries of cultures and peoples systems that bowed under the authority of the Achaemenid Empire. But to say that the existence of such records. It does not mean that prospectors archaeologists were able to provide an archive of the entire administrative nature of the administrative System that the empire.Anumber of reasons, including damage to materials that were used to write it prevented that. And the existence of such records in the capital, PersepolisWas chosen the subject of research in order to identify the nature of the system, which make that a cohesive empire for two centuries (B.C 331 - 550).Before getting into the details of the divisions of research has to besaid what was written. By historians who are interested in studying the Iranian civilizations, especially on the subject of administrative regulations in the Achaemenid era which is a scattered research Therefore, I began to search for the character of the administrative system, which has become Case in the political ,entities that developed on the land of Persia Basically Depending on the circumstances of each entity and nature. Therefore, I divide the study into four chapters. With an introduction and an introductory essay and aconclusion.
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الرحالة البندقي ماركو بولو (ت725هـ/1324م) ومروياته عن المغول : دراسة في المصادر المغولية والاسلامية == Marco Polo The Venetian Traveller (D.725 H/1324M) And His Narratives On The Mongols A Study In Mongolian And Islamic Sources

Author name: احمد فرطوس حيدر
Supervisor name: مرتضى حسن النقيب
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The present study, which is entitled (The Venetian Traveler Marco Polo, died in 725 H, 1324 AD, and His tales on about the Mongols), discusses the most prominent historical narratives told by this Venetian traveller about Mongols in the middle ages. This traveler, no doubt, gained a prominent fame that none of the European travelers who preceded him acquired. There are two reasons behind this, firstly for the value of the narratives he wrote about Mongols whether it was from historical point of view or reports counties when they were at the summit of their prominence full of wars and unrest, and secondly, for the great impact these historical narratives had on the European thinkers and their societies about Asian Orient in general and specially the Mongol peoples, who quickly turned from tribes fighting each other to conquers of the world. They had conquered half of the world during the seventh Hegira Century, Thirteenth AD. This dissertation is consist of four chapters, introduction, conclusion, plus list of and appendixes a list of Source material. Chapter one discusses the life and time of the traveller Marco Polo beginning with his birth in Venice, and his growing statehood , his famous travel to China and post in the Mongol Royal palace till his departure to Venice and his death in 725H, 1324 AD. Chapter two deals with the social traditions and habits of the Mongols and the countries submitted to them through a contrastive study between Marco Polo's narratives and those of other contemporary sources in this respect concerning all social life of Mongol life. Chapter three is about Marco Polo's narrratives on the Ilkhanid Empire found by Hulagu Khan in the Eastern Islamic territories after the fall of the Abbasid state. This chapter, also, discusses important issues, such as the fall of Baghdad and the death of the Abbasid Caliph "Al - Musta'sim Billah". Chapter four discusses the most important descriptions of countries visited by Marco Polo, including wide parts of the Mongol Empire. The study has concluded the following results : 1 - This study affirmed the authenticity and truth of most narratives mentioned by the traveler Marco Polo about the Mongols, through the corresponding of these stories with approved historical Chinese and Persian sources that documented the news of these peoples, besides the corresponding of material in general, with those of other travelers such as William of Rubruck and Ibn Battuta among others, However we affirmed the exaggeration in the description of some of Marco's travels. 2 - Concerning debate by some researchers about the authenticity of Marco's visit to China and his residency there, the study confirmed the authenticity of Marco Polo's visit to China and his residency there for seventeen years. During this period, he enjoyed a special care of the Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan. Through a detailed study of Marco Polo's narratives about China, we found out the precision of the description of the historical incidents. He was accurate in describing Mongols and their capital Khanbaliq which precisely corresponding to the stories of the Mongol historians and contemporary travelers who visited China during the era of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.3 - The study reveals that the importance of Marco's narratives about Mongols relies in the fact that they were not only corresponding to those in the Mongol and Islamic sources, but they represent in addition describing a new era of history in which those Mongols and their nomad tribes had the capability to turn from nomades into civilized societies, as they presented a unique system of administration, of which Marco Polo himself was one of this administration. They could mix the 'Yassa', The Mongol code of law created by Genghis Khan, and the laws of other peoples who submitted to them, unlike the common idea known about Mongols in most of other writings, which described the Mongols as murders savage and barbarian tribes.4 - The study, through Marco Polo's narratives, uncovered many various social traditions of peoples forming the Mongol empire, proving the ability of Mongols to deal with conquered peoples and comprehend wide discrepancies and contradictions among various religions, race and ethics with a unique skill and wisdom.5 - Concerning Mongol Shamanism, which was the religion embraced by Mongols, the present study shows first one which contradict Islamic source that materials with religious Shamanism in claim that the origion of that religion dictate in both the worship of one mighty God.
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الممالك السورية في القرن الرابع عشر قبل الميلاد في ضوء نصوص تل العمارنة == The Syrian Kingdoms In The Fourteenth Century Bc In The Light Of Tall Al - Amarna Texts

Author name: احمد عبد الله فاضل الدليمي
Supervisor name: احمد حسين احمد الجميلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
University: University of Anbar
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: In the 4th century B.C. what was called the “Syrian Kingdoms” represented the economic and cultural core of the political events. They became like that for its strategic and political place. Even that those kingdoms were not one political entity, they shaped a cultural entity inside Syria. For the previous reason, those kingdoms were unable to defend themselves against the continuous raids. Those raids came from more than one direction and particularly from Mesopotamia, Nile valley, Mitani, and Hittite kingdoms. Those kingdoms [Syrian Kingdoms] were not also capable of holding back the tribes’ immigrations that went deeply into them and some of these tribes destroyed and conquered like what was known as Khabeero tribe and those facts are proven by excavations.The main cause behind choosing such subject was to know the avidity of the great countries towards Syria in the prehistoric period and the results that came after. The political and cultural significance of that era and its effects on Syrian kingdoms that time made the researcher seeks to find out the kingdoms’ role in that epoch through cuneiform resources that were discovered in Egypt in (1887 A.C.) in Tall - Amarna. That discovery had a big reverberation among the historians. It is also regarded as one of the most important sources of the Syrian history in the 14th century A.C. they are letters between Babylon, Assyrian, Mitannies and Hittite kings from one hand and Syrian kings from another, especially the kings of the coastal parts that were somehow related to pharaohs the Egyptian rulers through that period that became widely known as Amarna era. The language used in those letters was Acadian (Babylon middle accent) except one letter was written in Assyrain (EA15), another in Mitanni language (EA24 ) and two others were in Hittite (EA 31 - 32). The content of those letters included the political issues of the old east generally, the Syrian’s rulers attitudes towards Egypt pharaohs and it showed the political Egyptian effects and the alliances held to encounter Hittite dangers which was aimed on north Syria. The letters also depicted theloyalty differences among the Syrian kingdoms towards the main political powers (Egypt, Hittite kingdom and Mitanni kingdom) and how that influenced in their schism. That led to disturbed political situation that its impact extended to cease the cultural development and prevent the unity of the small entities; contrarily it made each Syrian ruler seeks for his own interests that ensures the continuity of his reign.The thesis consists of three parts preceded by an introduction and followed by an ending.The first part deals with the coastal kingdoms in the 4th century B.C. and it has two subdivisions the coastal parts and the other is entitles as the internal kingdoms.The second part includes the Syrian coastal kingdoms in the 4th century B.C. in accordance with Tall - Amarna Texts. It also has two subparts which are the relation between Egypt and coastal kingdoms in conformity with Tall - Amarna Texts , whereas the other is the coastal kingdoms economic conditions according to Tall - Amarna Texts.The final part is about the Syrian internal kingdoms in the 4th century B.C. according to Tall - Amarna Texts. The third part is divided into two subparts. The first one shows the internal kingdoms’ political relationships with Egypt according to Tall - Amarna Texts and the second includes the internal kingdoms’ economic conditions with Egypt according to Tall - Amarna Texts.
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الخطيب الخوارزمي الموفق بن احمد (ت 568هــ/1172م) موارده ومنهجه في كتابه المناقب == Al - Khateeb Al - Khawarizmi Al - Muwafaq Bin Ahmed ( Dead 568A.H - 1172A.D),His Sources And Method In His Book Al - Manaqib

Author name: احلام لواف صكبان الخفاجي
Supervisor name: طه جميل احمد النعيمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
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الفكر الاقتصادي والمالي عند القاضي سعد الدين بن البراج (ت481هـ) == Thought When The Economic And Financial Judge Saad El Din Bin Al - Braj D.(481 Ah

Author name: علي حسين علي التميمي
Supervisor name: عطا سلمان جاسم
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: Islamic history is full of unique personalities contributed to the political and social life and religious have played in different circumstances omission talk about a lot of these characters that have had a role in the preservation of the Islamic heritage. The main factors that were behind this omission is not aware of factors known to a mind, but it could be argued that the most important factor dogmatic and sectarian differences, which prompted some to turn a blind eye to the news these flags. Despite what distinguishes a son of Braj from standing prestigious scientific witnessed by his rivals and Mkhalvoh but there omission of a clear and neglect deliberate this character from some sources that direct experience or that came after that, which prompted us to study this subject is to highlight the personal son Braj and thought Economic, financial and shed light on his life and social status, as experiencing academic studies and research shortcomings in the study of flags thought al - Jaafari, and perhaps the most important thing they can offer us study these flags is to shed light on some of the features of Islamic economic thought that such a model in dealing with the economic conditions of theories and opinions imposed by the reality of life in the daily. The study included four classes led by the introduction included the scope of the search and display to some sources, and pave interested in studying political life and property in the era in which he lived son of Braj, to be the beginning of a springboard to the first chapter, which we discussed ((biography of Ibn Braj personal and scientific)). We dealt with in the second quarter to ((taxes when son Braj)), In the third chapter we studied ((financial transactions when the son of Braj)), while we have dedicated Chapter IV ((sales and usury, agriculture and Almsacap and Ijara when son Braj)). This study has resulted in many of the results, namely : 1 - There is no accurate information about his birth date and place, but that it is closest to the right of the city of Tripoli and studied in Baghdad. 2 - Braj son took a job with an important function of the judiciary, as the judge described. 3 - won the prestigious scientific knowledge, especially in the field of jurisprudence and speech as a result of his studies at the hands of the most prominent scholars of his time. 4 - Ask Shaykh Ibn Braj a number of issues pertaining to the community through his writings, including the economic side, which represents the pulsating artery of human life handled trade and sales transactions, and distinguished between corrupt and illegal. 5 - was the son of Sheikh Braj careful care of the maintenance of human dignity, it has been observed in many of the provisions that was launched by psychological stresses on maintaining human dignity and was perceived by the many wonderful humanitarian gestures in this area. 6 - confirmed Braj son's commitment to the principles of Islamic ethics - Semitism through the elimination of fraud and manipulation commercial transactions derived his views from the novels of Ahl al - Bayt (peace be upon them). 7 - The study of Islamic economic thought through the books of fiqh differ from other books because the approach taken by the scholars of accuracy and precision and perfection, which makes such studies a lot of precision
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سياسة الترغيب في العصر الاموي (41هـ - 132هـ) : دراسة تاريخية == Arousal Of An Interest Policy In The Umayyad Era (41 A.H - 132 A.H) A Historical Study

Author name: محمد عباس حسن الطائي
Supervisor name: جابر رزاق غازي الكريطي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: Praise be to Allah the Lord of worlds, prayer and peace be upon the most honorable prophet and messenger Mohammed and his pure progeny….The Umayyad ascendancy had not achieved the approval of all, or even most of, Muslims, they had took over power by muzzling everyone who refused them or rejected their project of governance, so the obsession of keeping power or authority was an effective element for them to work hard, using all means and methods to achieve their aim. Their policies were either arousal of an interest or terrifying. Arousal of an interest is the subject of this research , it has different aspects; political, economical, intellectual and social. The real reason of studying this subject is the pure desire to show the historical truth concerning the Umayyad history, exposing their false believing on Islam and their serious attempts to forgery truth and fabricate stories depending on illegal methods where their theory of governance did not consider the Islamic principles. The research includes a preface, three chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion. The preface gives the definitions of arousal of an interest in language and tradition, its significance in the holy Qur'an and prophetic Hadith.The first chapter deals with the arousal of the political desire within three topics : - the Umayyad attempts to win the support of the major personalities or figures by intrusting the serious post or position to them in addition to the authorities, the Umayyad efforts to win the support of the politicians by arguing them into their political project, so indulgence and mildness was their policy even with their enemy, and the Umayyad efforts to win the support of their foes by forgiving those who were opposing them.In the second chapter the researcher discusses the arousal of the economical interests within four topics to show how did the Umayyad had invest the money of Muslims in an illegal way to gain the support of the people to achieve their aim where this money had great effects resulted in the liquidation campaigns. It also shows the Umayyad offensive and harmful means to control the people potentialities according to studied policy, and their serious and hard attempts to enhance their protection by encouraging the few people, princes, leaders and officials, who supported them, by the exceptional gifts and endowments : - money, positions and agricultural and residential lands or plots to connect them with the Umayyad regime. In the fourth topic the Umayyad way of treating the out comers had been exhibited; they had welcomed them and were so generous so the out comers, with returning to their countries, would give a good image for the Umayyad.The third chapter is devoted to the intellectual and social aspect of the arousal of interest. It has four topics to study : - the Umayyad efforts in fabricating narrations that make people love them, the Umayyad efforts to efface their foes virtues, the Umayyad efforts to induce the jurists and the Umayyad efforts to induce the Arab tribes by connecting them with the relationships of marriage, respectively.The conclusion carries the most important results of the policy of the arousal of interests in the Umayyad era.
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الاثر الجغرافي وابعاده في بلورة الفكر الديني في شبه الجزيرة العربية قبل الاسلام == Geographical Effect And Its Aspects In Crystalizing The Religou Thought In Pre - Islam Arp Peninsala

Author name: رنا طعيمة حسين الصافي
Supervisor name: حسن عيسى الحكيم
General topic: History
Specific topic: Arab History Before Islam
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kufa - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: The geographical trace reflexes a clear presence of scope in the human societies not by its activity in giving of vitality but upon the daily lift items and in drawing of the lived nature frames , which had been divided in to two typs : (The Bedouins and the Urbans)but more of that , it acts to give ideological emergences for the worships reality which had inspired from the environmental world characteristic which surrounded the human.The examining look to history and geography of the Arab peninsula peoples worships discovers a united structure of the religion whenever we meet it as a pioneer cultural phenomenon , it is a hard work for imagine what should be impossible to imagine thepnviromental surroundings om which the human derives his survival elements , and the desire to change his secrets of his powers to bring their goodness or for fear of them.References and books of the history are full of a great deal of information which lies the light upon a nature of the pagan worships which had been founded by the human in the Arab peninsula with their final images , but the return with these worships totheir first original roots , and bringing out trace of the ideological culture in Wadi el - Rafidain upon these worships had been considered exciting subjects , besides that bringing out the Arab had adorned the stars which is un widespread with extent theirworship of the idols , and most of them were considered that they embodying the spiritual of the stars , and the Arab reached in to forming a durational trinity , transferring from adjacent experiments , and looking to the environment with vital characteristic , and scope of the assemble mental expression difference from the religious experiment and the appetence of the religious phenomenon in frame of (the belief , the ritual , and the myth).For whole that , the impulse was strong for me to study the subject by its description as a good ring include frame of the historical studies of the religious ideology and the environmental trace in life of the Arab before the Islam. Here , I must refer to a fact which had been considered as an obvious for every researcher it , difficulties and its special problems with the study's subject , it is necessary for the researcher who enters any door of the scientific research to surmunthese difficulties and problems then he passes them to reach to achieve what he aim to it from his scientific research. Some of the difficulties which I met through this thesis was the reference to study the ancient history , especially , the religious history of Wadi el - Rafidain to know the first principles of the ideological worship which springs from the geographical surroundings, and support them with the religions study of the Arab in the south , and the religions in middle and north of the Arab peninsula , plenty of tells and variousity of their sources drive me to necessity of deepen in their meanings and invent the mostacceptable of them , then and Ashoorian ages and its being as a religious system consists star banthium which extolled the astronomical planets. In the second chapter , I discussed the religious characteristic and satisfying the star Trinity (the moon , the sun , and Venus) in the southern Arabic region. The chapter mentioned two axises : The first exhibited effect of the nature revolution upon the religion , and the way of harmonizing of the politic with the spiritual side , and its rush from sanctifying of the natures elements to prevent the goodness , the ritual side of the religions had beenrepresented in the vows and the sacrifices , the united sides controlee upon the worships , this what had been cleared in the second research. In the third chapter , I put the light upon the religious believes in middle of the Arab peninsola.It consisted tow researches : In the first , I spoke about weathers of the Arab and their astromical interests , which directed their eyes to the sky's powers , then they followed the other nations to idolize these powers.In the second research , I followed through it the Jaheliah pagan roles but with their star roots , and embodying of these worships through the upper and the down Trinity principle and adoption of the vitality principle upon the external surroundings andmake it as hiden powers as it consists two personalities. The forth chapter had been set aside to study interact of the semi agricultural societies with the religion.It consisted two researches : The first research took care of the geographical reflections upon the religious life in Tudmor , and change of their worship in to worship in the base degree , besides that it represents of the fertility and the growth worship in Al - Anbat people.While the second research mentioned the urbans worships which depended upon the Trinity : (The God , The father Seed Marna (the Sun) , the mother Goddess (Mertin the Goddess) Venus , Bermerin the God (the Moon) , the holy side didn’t become out ofsanctifying of the natures powers among Al - Manathirah and Al - Ghasasinah. In Most of these mentioned worships , the religious impuls was prominent with geographical effect.The references and soureces of this thesis were various : They were from the holy books , the explicatory books , the biography books and the linguistic dictionaries , besides the historical references the geographical dictionaries , the poetry books andthe various modern historical references. This study had been led in to group of the results which I reached the they are asfollow : 1 - Variousity of the geographical trace did not effect to brand nature of the Arab life with the Bedouin characteristic and the Urban characteristic only , but framed their ramifying according to place and its requirements.2 - The ideological heritage in Wadi el - Rafidain country had roots which supplied with their giant storage worships of the sky and the nature (the external surroundings) in all parts of the peninsola , so worship of fertility and the natures factors (winds , rain , stars , sky) had been appeared with its first instinct , and since before the stone ages in worships of Wadi el - Rafidain , with increasing way , they blocked with star rush embodied with mythical cover , which tells about create of the atmosphere and beginning of the lifefrom uninfinity world , by act of the Gods and their star manifest ments. 3 - It drew attention of the souther Arab peoples minds for the agricultural nature of their lands , their ideas weaved star worships , starting from their reality and their agricultural environment the star Trinity (the moon , the sun and Venus) was a pioneer in their worship , besides another Gods as : Hadad (God of the air and the thunder , and fat Baal (God of the sky , and Munfuh) (God of the water and the irrigation)4 - The Arab became pioneers of the weather and the astronomic sciences after the Kildan and the Sabeaa , so they took from them these sciences and improred them until they attributed the acts to the stars without the creater , they said that our rain with weather so and so , they adorned the stars to get their blesses , and so they participated the other civilizations with these worships , the worship of the astronomic planets had been differed according to their acts differences in their life.
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مجلة الاعتدال النجفية 1933 - 1948 : دراسة تاريخية == Al - I Tida`L" Najafian Magazine (1933 - 1948) : A Historical Study

Author name: رسول نصيف جاسم الشمرتي
Supervisor name: علاء حسين عبد الامير الرهيمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
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محمد شمس الدين 1936 - 2001 : دراسة تاريخية == Mohammed Mahdy Shames Al - Deen 1936 - 2001 An Historical Study

Author name: رنا عبد الرحيم حاتم حسن الشفي
Supervisor name: طاهر يوسف الوائلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: study deals with the biography of sheikh Mohammed Mahdy Shames AL - Deen the chairman of the supreme Islamic She`i Council in Lebanon.He was born in Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf in 1936 where his father was there to study the religious sciences. ShamesAL - Deen, in his turn, studied in the Hawza in the Holy Najaf , and later he became one of the men of Hawza who had a great intellectual and reformative role in Najaf.The authorized " Marje`a " Sayid Mohsen Al - Hakeem had chose to be his deputy in the Middle Euphrates for the period ( 1961 - 1969 ),so he had the important reformative in the area ,the most famous one was founding the public library in Diwaniyah.Sheikh Shames AL - Deen returned to Lebanon , his homeland, to play a greater educational and political role.He shared so many political thoughts and visions with Sayid Musa Al - Sader who chose him to be his deputy in the supreme Council in 1975. When SayidMusa Al - Sader disappeared ,in ambiguous conditions in Libya 1978, Sheikh ShamesulDean run the Council affairs as a deputy till 1994 when he became the precedent of the Council till 2001 when he died.During this period he played an important nationalrole in the Civil War in Lebanon ( 1975 - 1990) when he tried to appease and quelled people and tried to get Lebanon out of the crises, he also declared the civil resistance against the Israeli existence in South Lebanon , and this was followed by declaring " Jihad "in the middle of the eightieths. Study This study consists of a n introduction , a preface , three chapters and a conclusion.The preface studied the educational relations between Al - Najaf Al Ashraf and the Islamic World ,where Jabel Amel was an example as it is the sheikh Shames AL - Deen homeland.The first chapter is entitled " Mohammed Mahdy Shames ALDeen, his birth, rise and his educational and reformative role in Iraq" , this chapter is divided into three topic : - "his birth, rise and education", "the educational role of Mohammed Mahdy Shames AL - Deen in Iraq " and " the reformative role of Mohammed Mahdy Shames AL - Deen in Iraq ". " The political and intellectual role of Mohammed Mahdy Shames AL - Deen in Lebanon" is the title of the second chapter which also divided into three chapters : - , the first one includes "a sociological study for the Lebanese society", "a study of the Palestinian issue and South Lebanon and their dimension in the thought of Sheikh Shames AL - Deen" and " the role of Mohammed Mahdy Shames AL - Deen inLebanon in (1978 - 1990) The third chapter of this thesis deals with the concept of history in the thought of Mohammed Mahdy ShamesAL - Deen and his recording method , it is also divided into three topics , the first one is devoted for the concept of history in the thought of Mohammed Mahdy Shames ALDeen , a study of his production about the revolution of Imam Hussain ( P.u.H ), while the third is for his works in the Islamic thought ,it includes a set of the books that are written by him in subjects relating "Nahij AL - Balaghah" for Imam Ali.After that we have the conclusion and the bibliography which has different resources , document , Arab books ,translated role ,magazines , newspapers , documentary programs and other resources.
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موقف ائمة اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) من الغلو والفرق الغالية حتى وفاة الامام الصادق (عليه السلام) == The Attitude Of The Imames Of Al - Al - Bayt Against The Ghulw And The Ghulat Sects Until The Death Of As - Sadiqh (P.B.u.H)

Author name: محمد جواد نور الدين عبد الزهرة فخر الدين
Supervisor name: عبد الجبار ناجي الياسري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kufa - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: The fifth chapter treats the thinking and the cililizational prospects in India and the extent through which other civilizations could have got benefit from the discreet legacy of India.
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سياسة بريطانيا تجاه عمان 1856 - 1898

Author name: مقدام عبد الحسن باقر الفياض
Supervisor name: صلاح محمد العابد
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kufa - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
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موقف المجلس النيابي اللبناني من الموازنة العامة : دراسة تحليلية - تاريخية 1952 - 1976 == The Position Of The Lebanese Parliament Towards The Public Budget An Analytical - Historical Study 1952 - 1976

Author name: ضي صباح كريم حسن
Supervisor name: علاء حسين عبد الامير الرهيمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: شرعت المؤسسات الاكاديمية العراقية المعنية بحقل المعرفة التاريخية والعلوم السياسية، ومنذ ثمانينات القرن العشرين، الاهتمام بدراسة تاريخ لبنان، خاصة في المرحلة المعاصرة، وذلك لجملة من الدواعي والاسباب، لعل من بين ابرزها : ان البلد العربي والشرق اوسطي هذا، كا | Since the eighties of the twentieth century, the Iraqi academic institutions concerned with historical knowledge and political science, have begun to show interest in studying the history of Lebanon, especially at the present times. That was for a variety of reasons, the most prominent are : that Lebanon, an Arabic country in the Middle East, has been and still is an integral part of the circle of the regional developments, political disputes and conflicts. The impact of the international interventions has been for the most part effective in drawing and consolidating their courses throughout the region. There were also bloody clashes that hit Lebanon.These events have caused Lebanon too much trouble after its independence in 1943 for many decades to come. Lebanon was often in the midst of these conflicts and a major field of conflicts in the region, especially that the Lebanese interior and centers of political and military power, for known historical reasons, allied with rivalries of the regional and international powers whether in the "challenge" of rejecting or "response" of allying with this or that party, each according to its relationship with those regional and international foreign powers.The study consists of the introduction, preface, three chapters and a conclusion of the most important results. The preface "Parliamentary practice and the concept of Public Budget : A concise study" is based on three sections. The first section is a brief reading of the roots of the parliament and the stages of its formation from 1922 to 1952, exploring the legal frameworks of its establishment and ethnic composition. The second section tackled the mechanisms of parliamentary elections and the development of its rules mainly in the period (1952 - 1976) along with forming governments and electing presidents. However, the third section was limited to defining the concept of "Public Budget" and the mechanisms of its endorsement within the Lebanese Legislative Institution augmented with an explanation of the related concepts such as "Legislative Budget", "Budget Cycle" and "the Principle of Balance" as well as the reasons and importance to the state.The first chapter is entitled "The Public Budgets and their Endorsement during the reign of Lebanon's Presidents 1952 - 1976, General Study." It contains four sections in which the researcher investigated "Revenues" and "Expenditures" of the Public Budget in the period (1952 - 1976). This period covers the reign of four presidents of the Lebanese Republic. The researcher also referred to the variation of "their effectiveness" and their approach in the formulation of domestic policy, including the financial, and economic policies. Furthermore, the regional and international changes have a profound impact on the country’s situation mainly affecting the real value of its currency and its exchange rate against the US dollar, and therefore its impact on the "growth" of the budget numbers especially that it has recently suffered a "deficit".The second chapter is called "The position of the Lebanese Parliament Council towards the allocations and conditions of the public services 1952 - 1976". Based on what influences of public services and social and humanitarian issues on the life of "the individual" and "society", the researcher divided the chapter into three sections. The first section studied the position of the Lebanese Parliament in relation to the budgets of education and cultural institutions such as schools, universities and curricula, as well as the interest in the success of the educational process mechanisms, especially the teaching staff. It also emphasized enhancing "the spirit of citizenship" and preparing a conscious righteous community. While the second section discussed health aspects and social welfare. The researcher tackled certain topics concerning hospitals, doctors and drug prices. In addition to issues related to "social security" and "the poor and indigent care". The last section was devoted to topics of "infrastructure" such as roads, electricity, water and distribution mechanisms throughout the country.In the third chapter, "The Lebanese Parliament Council and the Budgets of Sovereign Ministries", the researcher discussed thoroughly the following ministries : "Ministry of the Interior," " Ministry of National Defense," " Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates ". Each one of these was allotted a single section. The researcher explained in this chapter the "Percentage" of the Public Budget, the growing and declining of its financial allocations, in addition to pointing out the most prominent views of a number of parliament members.The study was concluded with the following findings : 1. The Public Budget of any country is considered a realistic expression of its financial and economic policy. Therefore, it is a reflection of the country's policy in all fields; socially, economically, culturally and even, politically. 2. The Lebanese economic and financial state was not only strongly related to the interior developments and the nature of its economic activities, but also to the regional and international variables. 3. The Lebanese Public Budget was endorsed during the period 1952 - 1976 by a “Legislatorial Decree” for certain reasons for the years 1953, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1964 and 1976, without being discussed and then endorsed by the Lebanese Parliament. This practice was repeated for many years as mentioned earlier. 4. The Public Budgets had witnessed, for the aforementioned period, a growth in their revenues and expenditures, taking into account the rise and fall in the Lebanese currency value. 5. The entries of the Lebanese Public Budgets, in their entirety, came from direct and indirect taxations, which constitute the essential tributary, if not the only tributary, for providing the budget with the necessary financial resources.
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تاريخ مصر السياسي في كتابات محمد حسنين هيكل في عهد جمال عبد الناصر == The Political History Of Egypt In The Works Of Mohammed Hasanain Haykal In The Reign Of Jamal Abdul Nasir

Author name: عبد الله محيذيف ميرم فاضل
Supervisor name: علي عظم محمد الكردي الشمري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: The study of the figures is a study of the history of a country and its people at the same time, as in the writings of Mohammed Haykal who left a group of printed heritage; books and journal articles. In his works he tackled a number of topics concerning the internal relations aspects and the foreign relations of Egypt. His works are not about the Egyptian History only, as being the consultant of publicity for the president of Egypt Jamal Abdul Nasir, but it also tackled the issues of the Islamic world and the contemporary matters related to the problems of the third world.The study included an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. In the first chapter whose heading is " Mohammed Hasanain Haykal, the Rise and intellectual construction" within two topics, the first is " the Rise and intellectual construction" in which I have revealed the intellectual effects on the creation of the Mohammed Hasanain Haykal's figure since the beginning of his life of social, economic and political factors which he lived during his life. The second topic is concerned with the effects of the writer and his adopted methodology and concentrated on the most important works particularly those which dealt with the political history of Egypt related to the internal developments and the foreign relations during the period of President Jamal, also I revealed the way of deriving the information and the language as well as the methodology of writing.In the second chapter entitled "the Internal Developments in Egypt 1952 - 1956 in the writings of Mohammed Hasanain Haykal" those developments were discussed within two topics, the first is concerned with the revolution of 23rd July , 1952 and the internal developments in Egypt in the writings of Mohammed Hasanain Haykal, the second tackled the main reasons that led to changing the regime in Egypt and the reflections of that change on the Egypt and the Arab countries. While the second topic discussed Al - Sewes war 1956 in the Mohammed Hasanain Haykal and tackled the policy adopted by Jamal Abdul Nasir in facing colonialism which led to the aggression on Egypt in 1956 as well the main results of that war. In the third chapter, entitled "Egypt and the Palestinian Cause in the Writings of Mohammed Hasanain Haykal". The first topic of which concentrated on the Egyptian attitude of the Palestinian Cause 1948 - 1956 and on the beginning of the Zionist movement as well as the main figures that participated in the rise of the Zionist entity. Also, it discussed the attitude of Egypt towards the 1948 war and the reasons of the defeat. In the second topic, the attitude of Egypt towards the Palestinian Cause 1967 - 1970 was discussed going through the war, its effects and reflections on the Egyptian policy. As for the fourth chapter, " the Foreign Relations of Egypt in the writings of Mohammed Hasanain Haykal", it discussed in its two parts; the first is about the Egyptian - Arab relations in the works of Mohammed Hasanain Haykal in which it concentrated on the attitudes of Egypt towards the Arab causes particularly refusing the Allay of Baghdad in 1955 and its role in building the Arab unity with Syria 1958 - 1961 as well as the attitude against the Royal rule. While in the second topic, the Egyptian - International relations were tackled especially with Britain with which it agreed upon withdrawing its troops from Egypt after an invasion lasted for 74 years which concentrates on the attitude of President Jamal towards the policy adopted for the Western Allays and the cold war between the USA and the Soviet Union.
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الرواية التاريخية في كتاب العقوبات لابن ابي الدنيا (ت281هـ/894م) == The Historical Narrationsin Alukuba'At Book By : Ibn Abi Al - Dunya(281 - 894 H)

Author name: فلاح حسن عباس
Supervisor name: عبد الستار نصيف جاسم العامري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: All praise is to Allah, the Lord of the worlds and His blessings and peace upon his prophet Muhammad and his Descendants (Ahl al - Bayt). The study of "Alukuba'at Book" ( Divine Miracle Punishments) written by Ibn Abi al - Dunya is one of the significant matters in religious Islamic History. Ibn Abi al - Dunya's full name is Abdullah bin Muhammad Bin Ubaid Bin Sufyan Bin Qais, Alqurashi,.He was born in 208 H/823 A.D in Baghdad and died there(Jumada Al - Ula) in 281H/894 A.D. He is considered one of the best learned and highly respected religion teachers, (deeply spiritual man) historians and narrators in the Third Hijri Century. His contributions are wide - spread in various fields of knowledge. His wide mentality and vast thinking are distinguished. This is very vivid in his productions(books) which some of them printed and others not yet. Although he was a freedman of the Umayyads, he became the tutor of several ?Abb?sid princes and in particular of those who were later to become caliphs as al - Mu?ta?id and al - Mu?taf? because of his intelligence and fame. Ibn Abi al - Dunya's father was a man of wisdom and Hadith narrator. He taught his son (Ibn Abi al - Dunya) and supported his progress from an earlier time. Ibn Abi al - Dunya contributed in The reformation movement of the community through his writings and classifications. He wrote many books in education and piety and continued teaching generations until his death at the age of seventy on Tuesday 14th of Jumadi 281 H/894A.D. Ibn Abi Al - Dunya was a man of moderation and neutralism between the sects in his religion(Muslims). So, he combined and comprised all sects. For examples, he wrote about Ahl al - Bayt (Prophet Muhammad's representatives) , and composed many books like; "Al - Awlia" (Faithful) and their virtues, "The Virtues of Imam Ali", "The death of Imam Ali", "The Marriage of Lady Fatima", "The Death of Imam Hussein", "Ashuraa", " The Telling of Lewis Al - Qurrani" and " The Death of Ibin Ju'bair" and others. This neutralism and fairness what has made me to select this personality because we (at this present time) are in an urgent need to such a person not to encourage extremism and terrorism. In my research paper, I have focused on Ibin Abi Al - Dunya of being historian rather than social counselor or religious educator. I have chosen his book "Alukuba'at Book" ( Divine Miracles and Punishments) a field of may study for what it contains so much history narrations (Stories) of nations (The People and their Prophets) of what happened to them. These nations disobeyed their Creator (Allah) and forged His Sharia (Divine Laws). I have organized this paper into four chapters with an index and the resources. The first section of the first chapter focuses on the background of Ibn Abi Al - Dunya, his name, birth, full name, surname, early growth (education), religious sect and his death. The second section handles his life, masters(teachers), students, fame, journeys and his books. The second chapter is of three sections which, of course, deals with the method and sources of the book" Alukuba'at". The first section I describe the book ,its reasons of writing, its importance, prints(copies) and its divisions. The second section is to clarify the resources Ibn Abi al - Dunya recited from which include Quran, Holy Hadith (The Prophet's speech) and other telling. The third section is about the fundamentality and method of his book (Alukuba'at), so I identified the basis of selecting his historical matters, his recitations of verses of Quran, the recitation of holy Hadiths and his personal mentality weaving these basis together. The third chapter I have dealt with the history of Hadiths (The time Hadith was narrated) in this book because it is not chronically arranged. I have rearranged them newly depends on other narrations which this chapter called 'History Stories of Prophets'. In this chapter I focused on the stories of the Prophets Adam, Abraham and Lot (PB). This chapter includes two sections. The first one is about the Story of Adam, its reasons and the heavenly punishments and the historical narrations about it. Also the story of the prophet Noah and what included of historical narrations. The second section comprises the stories of the prophets Methuselah, Heber, Abraham and Lot and their narrations. The fourth chapter is titled as 'The Historical Stories of the prophet Jacob' and also Elephant Companions and what has been revealed of Israelites. This chapter is of two sections. The first one deals with the stories of the prophets Jacob, Joseph and Jonah. The second one is about the story of the prophet Job, its history narrations and the Israelites in it.Finally, I have studied and reviewed these stories and historical narrations compared to other resources trying hard to achieve and select the most remarkable and acceptable one. In conclusion, I have deeply dealt with the best and convincing results of what I am aiming at depending on available information.
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كربلاء من 1749 - 1869 : دراسة في الاحوال السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية == Karbala From 1749 - 1869 A Study In The Circumstances (Political, Economic And Social)

Author name: احمد باسم حسن الاسدي
Supervisor name: فؤاد طارق كاظم العميدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت هذه الدراسة تاريخ كربلاء في المدة 1749 - 1869 دراسة في الاحوال السياسية ولاقتصادية والاجتماعية، وكان الجانب السياسي قد تميز بمرحلتين المرحلة الاولى منذ عام 1749 - 1802 وفيها تمتعت مدينة كربلاء بالاستقرار السياسي والامني النسبي، وتبين ان لذلك تاثير ايجا | This study takes the history of Karbala in the period 1749 - 1869, a study in the political, economic and social conditions, and it was the political side has been marked by two phases the first phase since 1749 - 1802 which the city of Karbala enjoyed the political and the security stability relatively, showing a positive impact on the overall economic, social and intellectual life. The second began with Wahhabi attack in 1802, and the subsequent attacks that have caused insecurity in most of Iraq's border towns on the West, including Karbala, then Daood Pasha attack on Karbala until the end of the Mamluk era. Karbala was also attacked in the subsequent period by the governor of Baghdad Najib Pasha in 1843. Karbala witnessed a chaos in its security in 1757 when the people of Karbala revolted against conscription.the study in the second chapter went to the economic conditions in Karbala, and we dealt agriculture in the forefront and land and factors affecting the production, then we talked about industry and industrial trades in the countryside of Karbala, in the city we found that the industry was primitive and in the rest of the state of Baghdad and surrounded lands. the industry was dependent on raw materials available in the city like clay and palm wood or Aromated, then the study took the trade in Karbala so we mentioned roads, transport and the markets in Karbala, and means of trade coins, and incomes of the city and of the visitors and fee of funeral and etc. The third chapter we took the social conditions in Karbala starting with the urban planning for the city of Karbala, then Karbalai society and aspects of social life in the city and the countryside and the most important families who live in the city of Karbala and the clans that live on the outskirts of the city and mutual influence between them, and we took the social aspects at the community in the city and the rural community. and there is no doubt that the relationship was overlapping between them and even social manifestations are similar to a large extent, because the city's community is an extension of the community rural, As for social services. In fact, it has been non - existent for them, there are no hospitals, no schools, no doctors, no teachers, which led to the spread of ignorance that has led to the spread of diseases that Karbalai community suffered a lot. The fourth chapter contained the scientific movement in Karbala that have flourished since the mid - eighth century, and was the most prominent scholars of Karbala at that time is the religion leader Mohammed Baqer Al - Behbahani. During this period scientific schools spread, libraries, government offices and mosques. Scientific movement has been accompanied by the emergence of different religious mobilizations affected the fundamentalist religion that came into conflict with them, including the news and then Shaykhiyyah, scout and then Babiah which is the most dangerous thing that faced fundamentalist religion but it’s survived thanks to the efforts of fundamentalists scientists. As well as the cultural movement flourished and a number of poets were appeared, it is worth to mention that the scientific movement was influenced by the political situation and turned out to be that the period of political stability accompanied by scientific prosperity which became weak in the nineteenth century because of the Wahhabi attacks as well as the political turmoil that accompanied the attack of Daoud Pasha on Karbala and the subsequent as the attack of Najib Pasha. But in spite of that we should realize that Karbala was enjoying a scientific prosperity in the next period thanks to the presence of a number of scientists.
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العلاقات الالمانية - الروسية (1870 - 1914) == Germany - Russian Relations 1870 - 1914

Author name: نادية جاسم كاظم علي الشمري
Supervisor name: علي هادي عباس المهداوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
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تطورات التعليم في الكويت 1946 - 1971 == Developments Of Education In Kuwait 1946 - 1971

Author name: عائد مجيد عبد زيد العيساوي
Supervisor name: احمد يونس زويد الجشعمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: The education of Kuwait has developed between 1946 - 1971 for many reasons that participated in this development, the geographical position and the trade with foreign countries , this has increased the relationship between the Kuwaiti people and tradesmen , so the idea of education created selecting the best educated people of Kuwait that are working in the trade field and by the help of capitalists and tradesmen by holding their accounts , also the help of mosques and small libraries that specialized in religion education to create people who know how to read so it became easy to teach them how to write by founding semi governmental schools by Al - Mubarakiya school , plus the founding of literature club that supported the students materially and spiritually and offered all their necessary needs that helped in supporting the education and the number of students , also the stable politician situation that happens in Kuwait after the stable ruling of Al - Sabah family that supported the education since 1921 ,and formed by founding the Al - Ahmadiyah school materially and spiritually so the governmental education emerged so as to the governmental schools that took the Egyptian and Iraqi curriculum , that supplied the society by local education energies , all that resulted in education cooperation between Kuwait and the rest of the world countries , because of the scholarships Kuwait offered its students outside its borders and the bursaries that offered to Arabian and the province students , that helped in developing the education of Kuwait , by contacting the different cultures of the countries that the scholarships have been sent to Kuwait helped other Arabian countries that helped in developing their education , the education in Kuwait did not stay at the elementary and high schools ,but it reached to creating the Kuwait University in 1966 and the graduation of different specializations in 1970.
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تطورات التعليم في البحرين (1961 - 1981) == Education In Bahrain Developments (1981 - 1961)

Author name: حسين نعمة محمد الخفاجي
Supervisor name: مشتاق طالب حسين الخفاجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Education is one of the basic factors that contribute to building societies, politically, socially, economically and culturally, so the Bahraini government has paid education much attention, especially after that I realized that investing in people is the best investment in the long run, as I realized that the power of education, cohesion and planning and development helps in the development of society, and even help to the renaissance of the state and its development, hence the importance of the subject and the motivation to study it. Despite the importance of the subject and privacy, but that academic studies omitted searched historically and disclosure of mastery, and as the Bahrain are part of the Arab system in general and the Gulf in particular, and as the search in the partial problem contributes greatly to the development of treatments for similar problems in them, so the study came to contribute to shed light on this issue to achieve the desired objective and above, but it is a motive to search. Therefore, this study was entitled to (education developments in Bahrain 1961 1981), to search for the cause of the development of education in Bahrain during the years in question, being of privacy in the history of Bahrain in general and the history of education in particular the years. As education witnessed in these years a remarkable development since 1961, due to the attention of the Emir of Bahrain Sheikh (Isa Bin Salman Al - Khalifa) and his education, he has established in his reign, many schools, colleges and universities, has sent missions to the study, and encouraged talented and gifted in a ceremony to be held for them in every year b (science festival) as grant awards for science and his students. We finished the study and up to 1981 for the accession of Bahrain, the Gulf Cooperation Council, since its accession there have become common policies in several areas with the countries that participated in this cooperation, including education.By tracking the development of education in Bahrain in the years 1961 1981 can devise a set of results, most notably : 1 - early education began in Bahrain early, marked by religious education Ketatibi, as it was the boys and girls memorized the Koran and the Sunnah and learn to read and write by the mullahs and writers who Qsteke to receive lessons. It was natural blossoming of this type of education as a result of religious factors and others relating to their need to meet the needs of society at the time of readers and writers, accountants, staff, and indeed these madrassas have succeeded in preparing the individual for life in accordance with religious and moral ideals that advocated by Islam. Which encouraged these madrassas to spread, especially since the state were not educational services of their competence at the time, but the competence of individuals and groups. The traditional education in the Arabian Gulf in general and Bahrain in particular the first seed to learn, and that was popularly educated, not officially, but it shows the interest of the Gulf society in general and specifically in science education and Bahrain.2 - Soon, there has been an education is something new not seen in the region before and had an impact on the functioning of the educational process in the Arabian Gulf in general and Bahrain in particular, and prepared by some of the first signs of modern education in the Gulf, but it is education system introduced by the missionaries of America, and although the goals those missions colonial and motivated by the foundation is the preaching of Christianity in the Arabian Peninsula and convert the population to Christianity, but Zwemer and his colleagues practiced by missionaries and other activities do not represent the reality of the missionary religious goals, including medical activities and educational and cultural and archaeological and geographical, but the (US - Arab mission) It failed in its mission, because it linked the provision of basic services, a mission of evangelization be Christians, because Muslims and Arabs in general very special clinging to their religion and will not accept them an alternative.3 - private education charity in Bahrain at the beginning of the twentieth century, specifically in 1919, and was intended to proceed with the civil committees from various segments of society, whether local or expatriate, to develop the first foundations for the nucleus of formal education in Bahrain, and also came in reaction to the Education Ketatibi which He prevailed in that period and which now does not meet the wishes of the community, especially after the first World war, as things have changed and resulted in the opening up of Bahrain more broadly on data from modern Western Renaissance to make a big political and social changes in the country resulted in the emergence of cultural and social awareness among the members of the community of Bahrain, so there was a need to create a modern educational institutes differ from Koranic schools in terms of systems and curricula and goals. However it was this kind of education does not achieve scientific adequacy fit the spirit of the age.
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الاستاذ الدكتور صادق السوداني ومنهجه في كتابة التاريخ == Prof. Sadik Al - Soudani (Ph.D.) And His Method In History Writing

Author name: بسام رضا محمد
Supervisor name: كريم مطر حمزة الزبيدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: An update of what initiated by researchers and historians studying the decades since the Iraqi mission joints of modern and contemporary history of Iraq through letters and Alatarih. And as far as the educational aspect has been many studies about the reality of education in Iraq it was discussed at the Royal and Republican covenants, including the doctoral thesis presented by Saleh Mohammed Abdullah tagged (the development of education in Iraq from 1945 to 1958). It is noted on these studies addressed the educational system structure only, ignoring the role of the scientific elite in the development of the scientific basis and development of education in Iraq, whether education in the initial stages (primary, secondary) or higher education, and did not receive light on the role this elite benevolent in this area. Proceeding from this and that decide to choose the subject with praise by the Scientific Committee in the department. The study is detailed and covers an important missing link of the history of education in Iraq, which cast a shadow over Iraqi society directly. In line with the interest of the Department of History at the College of Education / University of Babylon, studying the role of the early pioneers of leading academics historians who have left a clear imprint in the educational process in the country, we discussed the Master in the College of Education ten years ago dealt a prominent Iraqi historians, Dr. Kamal appearance Ahmed, then a series of historical studies dealing with these scientific personalities. In Baghdad University / College of Arts recently discussed the first two letters of Dr. Jafar - khasbak and the second for Dr. Saleh al - Abed, in the College of Education at the same university also discussed a message for Dr. Faisal Al - Samer, in the Department of History, University of Diyala also discussed the first two letters of the historian Fadel Hussein and the second for Dr. Hashim al - Tikriti. This academic scientific studies and contributed to bring the unique messages of its kind, as these studies did not discuss the personal life of the historian only, but dealt with his writings and his approach to the study and teaching of history, which is important because of the ignorance of most ((historians)) Iraq's new now, the foundations of the Iraqi school so to speak, or at at least those who are the pioneers of this school is founded by laid off or the first girls to her? These studies can give a clear picture of the aforementioned question. This study consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion, eating in the first chapter "of his life and his social science". He held the title of the second chapter; "the evolution of the historical vision and scientific activities".The third chapter is devoted to the study of his approach based on an analytical study of historical writing. A number of conclusions have been reached during the study, the most important ones are : 1. Bon we can say through the study of His analytical study of both books by or books translated or scientific research that his approach to historical writing clear since completing his thesis. Since then he charted himself a peculiar approach it based on historical themes eating away at the analytical study tendencies and fancies in the interpretation of the historical event. What reinforces this saying his thesis and research published a master student, as well as upgrade research presented by the year 1978, but this does not mean that his studies at the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom has not changed or has not achieved any change to the method not vice versa increased scientific sobriety and convictions its methodology in historical writing2. Was his method of unique and based supervise the review of what is written by the student carefully read the letter more than seven of taking out the messages and Atarih impact readings proud of the scientific departments, which studied there, and went researchers from rattling become them later receipts and tours in the area of research scientific.3. Calculated for Dr. Sadik Sudan in the field of historical studies include : - A great interest in Jewish history and synthesizes translation, he wrote three thousand (Zionist activity in Iraq (1914 - 1952); the Jews of the United States; (A Brief History of the Jews of Iraq) and translated two books (a coil of the history of the Jews; chapters of the history of the Jews).(B) is the first to introduce the idea of writing letters and thesis in European history in the Department of History / Faculty of Arts / University of Baghdad, and at that time the idea has not lived up to many of those concerned with history, but after not long supported it and excited her.(C) the first to introduce the subject of the case the Irish studies instruction through the teaching of the subject ((international problems of historical and contemporary)) and supervision, as Ashraf proudly on the message Master of the College of Arts / University of Baghdad and four thesis PhD from the Irish case two in the Faculty of Arts, University of Baghdad and two in the Faculty of Education / University of Mustansiriya, a total of 7, the title of the late Dr. Saleh al message Irish case was one of the proposal and was one of the members of the committee discussed. In the proposed B + C has opened up new horizons for the students to record their messages and Atarihhm. After you have exhausted or nearly titles, especially those concerning Iraq.(D) Dr. Sadik Sudanese, to my knowledge is the only one who read a minimum of seven readings as may be up to ten in order to show a message or thesis, supervised by the student and the supervisor, which is unusual and unprecedented, embodies Sudan's keenness on the level of messaging and Alatarih that bears his name as a supervisor, a little something to his credit.
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محمد حسن الطالقاني ودوره الفكري حتى عام 2003 == Mohammad Hassan Al Talqani And Intellectual Role Until 2003

Author name: هند اشهاب عبد الحسين
Supervisor name: نعيم جاسم محمد
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Contributed their writings in addressing important issues that affect the cultural and social reality as it issued anumber of cultural magazines and that the most important AL - Najaf knowledge magazine (1958 - 1961). By its founder and editor Mr.Mohammad Hassan AL Talqani has lived through a critical stage and the task of modern histoey of iraq after he moved from the system royal to the republican system in 14 july 1958 directed its attention researcher highlight the personality of Mr.Mohammad Hassan AL Talqani and intellectual role until 2003 when he enjoyed the prestaige and scientific seminar since he is from Najaf prestigious families who had a prominent role in the scientific , cultural and literary life in Najaf in particular and Iraq in general. the study consisted of the introduction and chapters and aconclusion to the most prominent conclusions reached by the researcher then avital annexes variety touched directly the life of Mr.Mohammad Hassan AL Talqani then followed by the sources relied on by this study The first chapter on the distribution of five sections studied the first section the birth and lineage of Mr.Mohammad Hassan AL Talqani as well as the place of his birth. the second section has included prominent media family and the statement of translations and the conduct of the most prominent of translations and the conduct of of the most prominent scienlists as Mr.Mihammad Hassan AL Talqani and Mr.Mashror AL Talqani and Mr.Abdul - Rasul AL Talqani.The second chapter titied cultural role of Mr.Mohammad Hassan AL Talqani has branched in to five sections Highlighted to raise the intellectual and the most prominent books published and unpublished and highlighted on the book which originally master message obtained Mr.Mohammad Hassan AL Talqani from Jesuit University in Lebanon estimate of (very good) grade.This chapter also discussed the books that made the most important part of the religious writings. the most important (AL tadiagnh) , Religion basics the achievement of the court of Hashem AL kaabi.Third chapter studied the political activity of Mr.Mohammad Hassan AL Talqani in terms of his position of the internal political developments , practicularly the Royal system (1921 - 1958) and his position on the 14 july revolution , Shawwaf movement in Mosul 1959 As well as his position on the coup of 8 february 1963.The other topic dealt axpatriate political currents and the position of which Mr.Mohammad Hassan AL Talqani. And in particular his position of the current communist and the scholars liberal group. highlight on the situation of political in the Arab ocean.The last section to his death and the most prominent participants in the memorial service
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الهبات والهدايا فـي الاندلس من الفتح حتى نهاية عصر الطوائف (92 - 484هـ/711 - 1091م)

Author name: زينب حسن نجم
Supervisor name: محمد عبد الله المعموري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
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