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احمد جبريل سيرته ودوره العسكري ونشاطه السياسي في القضية الفلسطينية حتى عام 1982 == Ahmed Jibreel His Biography And Military Role And Politic Ativity In The Palestinian Case Until 1982
Author name:
فرات عادل لفتة
Supervisor name:
مهند عبد العزيز عطية الشبيب
General topic:
History
Specific topic:
Modern and Contemporary History
Degree:
Master
University:
University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Dhi Qar
First pages:
11T3095 - p.pdf
Abstract:
Ahmed Jibreel is one of Palestinian characters that played a major role in the Palestinian National Struggle on both the military and the political fields. He is the chief of the Palestinian Liberation front and then the popular front of Liberating Palestine - General Command.The study starts from 1937(which is the year he was born in the village of "Yazure" in Palestine) to1982 (which is the year of the exodus of the Palestinian Liberation Organization from Lebanon after the "Israeli" Invasion of Lebanon and the dispersion of the Palestinian Organizations all around the Arab countries, and so, Jibreel, the leader of the popular front of Liberating Palestine - General Command, decided to leave to Syria to continue his struggle against "Israel", and to stay armed till the liberation of the entire Palestinian lands is a achieved.The study consists of an introduction, four chapters, ending and few addendums. The first chapter dealt with the biography of Ahmed Jibreel and his early political and military activities through the years (1937 - 1967), in three sections, the first one talked about his birth, primary school. Circumstances in which he grew and it's effect on his military tendency, joining the military academy in Egypt in 1957, and his attempt to join the Algerian revolution. As for the second section, it covered the early political activity of Ahmed Jibreel and his role in forming the Palestinian Liberation Front in 1959 in order to return to Palestine without the need to depend on the Arab armies. This section also took the matter of the secret activities of the front befor annoucing the armed struggle. The section ended with Jibreel's stance from forming the Palestinian Liberation organization's in1964. The Third section dealt with Jibreel's attempt to arrange his work with Fatah movement but that only lasted for six months. Because the disagreements between the two organizations.Chapter two studied the role of Ahmed Jibreel in the Palestinian National Struggle during (1967 - 1973), it included three sections, section one talked about the participation of Ahmed Jibreel in the war of June in 1967 in the Syrian front, where the cells of Palestine Liberation Front existed.The sections also studied the efforts of Ahmed Jibreel for uniting the Palestinian organizations to reply on the defeat of June, which ended by forming the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. The section also talked about the battle of "al karama" in March 1968, and the military strategy that he followed to stand againt the "Israel" attack on the town of karama. As for section two, it dealt with the reasons that made Ahmed Jibreel split from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, and forming a new organization called the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command. The section talked about the principles of the front and the conferences that were held during that period, and the activities of Ahmed Jibreel that aimed to gain support for his forehead. The Chapter ended by stance of Ahmed Jibreel from Palestinian - Jordanian dispute in(1970 - 1971), and the project of the united Arab Kingdom, which was suggested by King Hussein in 1972.As for chapter three, it deals with the role of Ahmed Jibreel in the war of October in1973 and his stance from the projects of political settlement in1982. The Chapter included three sections; the first one was about Jibreel's attempt to deduct a suitable plan to protect the bloc of (Jawlan) befor the war of October. The plan was presented by the Libyan president Muammar Kaddafi, to the Egyptian government, which refused the plan. The section also talked about Jibreel's bloc role during the war by increasing it's operation inside the invited lands to disturb "Israel" plans and to open a third bloc against it. The second sections of this chapter pointed to the first of these commando operations, which is Al Khalisa (Kiryat shamon). The section also reffered to Jibreel's efforts and his visits to the Arab countries especially to Iraq, Libya. To gain their support to from the bloc of rejection in1974 to face the suggested settlement project. The chapter ended with Jibreel's stance from ending the Arab - Israel dispute (1978 - 1982).Chapter four concentrates on Jibreel's role in the Lebanon civil war. And defending the Palestinian existence in Lebanon in(1975 - 1982). And Jibreel's stance forms the Syrian intervention in the Lebanese civil war. Which was clearly accepted by Jibreel, and that affected his relation with some of the Palestinian leaders who were against this intervention. The Chapter ended Jibreel's role in con forting the "Israel" invasion to Lebanon in(1978 - 1982). And it's consequences depicted by Jibreel's positive stance with other leaders and cooperating with them to face this invasion especially during the siege of Beirut in1982. This invasion resulted in their exodus from Lebanon.The main conclusions arrived at in this study are : 1 - It is observed that Ahmed Jibreel had a good position in his powerful family in Palestine, and also in Syria, his mother came from Al - Assaly family, which was quite power full in Syria. So, his family immigrated to Syria in1948 after the war in Palestine, using these strong relationships, and they settled in the city of Al Qunaytra which is the center of Jawlan heights and the military center of the Syrian army and this Justifies the strong relationship between Ahmed Jibreel and the Syrian and the government in later times.2 - Ahmed Jibreel was influenced by the successful experiment of armed struggle that some nations had had, especially in Algeria and Vietnam which inspired many revolutionaries all around the world. Ahmed Jibreel became convinced that the solution of the Palestinian case implied in the ability of the Palestinians to go through an armed struggle against "Israel", and according to this point, he started his first organization, known as(the Palestinian Liberation front),which was, in addition to Fatah, one of the first commando organizations that adopted the of armed struggle.3 - It is noticed from struggling role of Ahmed Jibreel that he Tried to arrange to work with many Palestinian commando organizations; with Fatah in1965, and then he joined the Arab Nationalists movement, in1967 he formed the (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine). He also had apart in forming (The rejectionist front) in1974, but all of these efforts did not lead to uniting the Palestinian work efficiently.4 - By observing the biography of Ahmed Jibreel and his role in the Palestinian national struggle, it is seen that his points of view had a military tendency and not political, due to the environment in which he grew and lived. That's why he rarely attended the political meetings held by the Palestinian leaders. In such events. Some of the members of his "the Popular Front to liberate Palestine - General Command" him. But on the military field, Ahmed Jibreel had an outstanding role in training the commandos and participating and planning some of the operations.5 - Ahmed Jibreel was the mastermind of some of the commando operations that had a greal political and media attention, and cost "Israel" major losses, such as the operation of Al Khalisa (Kiryat shamon) and (um al Akareb) in1974 and the operation of Nawras in 1979.
Summary:
11T3095 - A.pdf
References:
11T3095 - R.pdf
