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كفاءة النقل العام الخارجي بين بغداد والمحافظات العراقية == Factors That Affect On The Level Of Demand Of Public Transport Services

Author name: سارة بلال سلمان البياتي
Supervisor name: جمال حامد رشيد الدليمي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يحظى النقل العام في جميع دول العالم المتقدمة والنامية باهتمام خاص ومتميز كونه يمثل عصب الحياة التي يحتاج اليه كل فئات المجتمع. ويمثل الوجه الحضاري للمدينة. ولاتقل اهمية النقل العام عن اي عنصر من عناصر الحضارة والتطور. فالنقل العام بمختلف وسائلة هو شريان ا | The public transport in all developed and developing countries of the world have special and significant attention and featured as a lifeline that it needs all sectors of society and represents the civilized face of the city. The importance of public transportation not less than from any element of a civilization and development , public transport with its different means is the lifeline of any city and a source of its movement and economic activity.This study examined the factors that influence on the level of demand for public transport services "factors that affect on bus service such as population, income, ownership of the car, bus route descriptions, impact of driver rest and not regulated on the efficiency of the bus, the bus accident impact on the run of other buses," the study also addressed how the demand for public transport activated by a range of represented factors of " price change, quality of service, type a means of public transport, giving priority to public transport, comfort, safety and convenience.The study also addressed some proposals that within it can deal bus work obstacles

سياسات التنمية الحضرية في المدن الصغيرة : حالة دراسية مدينة ابو غريب : دراسة في جغرافية المدن

Author name: سارة عامر فاضل المجمعي
Supervisor name: بشير ابراهيم الطيف الدايني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: حضيت المدن الصغيرة باهتمام قليل من قبل دول العالم عامة، والدول النامية خاصة، ,ولاسيما تلك المدن القريبة من المراكز الحضرية الكبرى، وغالبا ما تطبق عليها السياسات ذاتها التي تطبق على المراكز الحضرية الكبرى وتتعرض الى زحف الكتلة العمرانية الكبرى وتاكل ارضه | Benediction small towns little attention by the countries of the world in general, especially the developing countries , especially those close to the major urban centers of cities , often applies the same policies that apply to the major urban centers and are exposed to major urban cluster creep and the erosion of its territory in the absence of strict laws limit it.Therefore, this study was to take the form of these small towns, namely, (Abu Ghraib), and I have deliberately researcher to take Abu Ghraib city a model for this, for its proximity to the city of Baghdad, and the presence of many development aspects that can be used as policies in the development of the city. Shows through the study also found that agricultural activity has become limited compared with the growing interest in commercial and industrial activity, so this study was to reveal the potential of the region and the use of a variety of policies in accordance with each use of the use of urban land in the city and try to develop it and choose its own policy as well as the policies that have been applied to assess the study area within the development of the city's strategic plan.The researcher found that the best policies applied to the region is to promote the reality of urban city and the rehabilitation of slum areas and develop policies without removed , causing expensive state costs under its budget deficit because the restoration and rehabilitation costs less than building a new residential neighborhoods.As well as the development of these small towns by opening the axes of the expansion of the city identified these hubs , according to the future population growth and expectations of urban land use in the city of Abu Ghraib to the year (2034. AD) and a researcher trying to sign the main uses in the proposed themes.The recommendations are the official authorities, especially government institutions responsible for the implementation of these policies and upgrade them and most of that commitment in the implementation of these policies and cooperation between the government and the people and the private sector in the commitment to implement these policies, and to take responsibility in the development of the city and upgrading, and limit the expansion of the influence of municipalities and development through the introduction of modern equipment, geographic information systems and development, and the elimination of administrative corruption.

نمو سكان العراق وعلاقته بتباينهم المكاني للمدة (1957 - 2007) == Iraq Population Growth And Their Relation With Spatial Variation 1957 - 2007

Author name: زينب محمد امين
Supervisor name: فلاح جمال معروف العزاوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تصاعد اهتمام الباحثين والمسؤولين على السواء بالاثار المترتبة للنمو السكاني وما يتعلق بتلك الاثار، وعلاقة ذلك بالظواهر السكانية الاخرى ومنها التوزيع السكاني المكاني، وباتت الحقائق المتعلقة بالعلاقة القائمة بين نمو السكان وتوزيعهم المكاني من اكثر الحقائق اه | Both, reserarchers and people in charge interest in consequential results of population growth, is arising, with regard to those effects, and its relationship with other demographic phenomena, including the spatial distribution of population, whereas the facts concerning the relationship between population growth and spatial distribution became the most important facts if there is a sufficient demographic information, has become an urgent necessity needed by researcher in the population geography, because those facts have no value in thierselves only, but is an essential element of interference in the formation of most aspects of the population. So population Studies have become of paramount importance at the present time, where captured the attention of senior researchers in the field of economic and social studies, and other, this importance have doubled when countries in the world began, including Iraq, to suffer from problems associated with contemporary demographic population and growth are directly and indirectly, as well as its significant impact in the processes of planning and development, as the development of economic and social policies requires full knowledge of the population because they are the goal of development and its device and the basic rule in the movement of construction and progress. This study was to reveal the relationship between the growth of the population of Iraq and disparity in place and at the level of administrative units (governorates), thus, the objective of the study is to highlight that relationship through the influence of the elements of population growth on the spatial variation of the population and the state of imbalance in the geographical distribution, and through multiple axes represented by five chapters the study contained, introduction, conclusions and proposals, depending on the number of sources.Conclusions reached by the study confirmed the fact interdependence between the parties to the population equation in terms of the relationship between population growth and the impact of that growth in population spatial variation and the adoption of the data referred to by population censuses 1957.1977, 1987, 1997, and estimates for 2007, as The study concentrate distribution Iraq's population on a limited area of land through the use of certain statistical methods that showed irregular distribution of the population of Iraq and its units areal image. Valtbaan in growth rates resulting from internal migration movement suffered by the specific provinces of Baghdad come in the forefront Find concentrated population severe in Baghdad in particular, and a tendency to focus somewhat on the provincial level in general, from the Gap last owns all of Iraq's provinces elements of development (natural and HR) qualify to be areas of population attraction if these ingredients invested according to scientific bases, and in order to achieve ease of population momentum on Baghdad province, which focuses more than a quarter of Iraq's population, which at the time amounted to an area (1%) of the area of Iraq. At the same time in order to achieve the best investment of the natural and human resources in each governorate.

التحليل المكاني لصناعة منتجات طواحين الحبوب في محافظة بغداد لعام 2013 == Spatial Analysis For Manufacturing Grain Mill Products In Baghdad Governorate For The Year 2013

Author name: زينب عبد الزهرة جعفر العصامي
Supervisor name: ناهض هاتف محمد السعيدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis aims to study the reality of the industrial plants for grinding grain in the governorate of Baghdad in 3102, as well as aiming to focus on the spatial analysis of those facilities through analytical tools according to geography of industry methodology and building integrated data to support researchers in this field.The grain milling industry is not free of problems as it is like any other many industries, researchers did the best in order to analyze, identify , and accurately diagnose according to the analytical descriptive approach, and the analysis is concentrated into two mainLevel I : the study of patterns of spatial distribution of facilities, grain milling industry and the use of GIS technology and take advantage of the method of statistical analysis of several indicators, including the use of (HOT SPOT ANALYSIS) in ((Arc GIS program 01.33)) and average or center of gravity of the spatial Mean Center)), the central element or average (Central Feature) mediator and the center (Median Center) and tool standard distance (Standard Distance), and study the direction of the distribution of the phenomenon (ellipse standard (DIRECTION SITRIBUTION STANDARD DEVIATIONAL ELLIPSE) and link neighboring coefficient (Nearest Neighbor Analysis), then the application of these statistical operations and displaying the results in the form of digital maps, Interpreted the nature of the spatial model for facilities mills grain where emerged during the analysis (Hot Spot Analysis) that the hot spots indicate to spatial in (Alkarkh - District in Baghdad), while the indicators Statistical the above - mentioned were in (Rusafa District - in Baghdad), and this consolation and reasons why the research is owned by (the judiciary) of the attracting factors represented by the broad market, the availability of labor, capital, infrastructure services average and the location of the judiciary, as well as Historically, the region and gave fame for this industryLevel II : The study of the reality of the industry and an analysis of the problems in accordance to strategic analysis (SWOT) and demand forecasting the quantities of flour up to 3132, and is the mills are able to meet the needs and the demand of flour despite growing population numbers in the Governorate of Baghdad?We concluded there is not any deficit in the amount of flour despite the fact that all Baghdad mills do not work at full production capacity manner because the General Company for manufacturing of grain and provide them with specific amounts depending on the need of flour produced only so as to meet the needs of the State of the Ration Card.For the analysis of (SWOT)) , Studying the internal environment of the industry and the strengths as well as weaknesses has been done and performed , and the external environment study and of analysis of reservoirs opportunities and threats and risks facing the grinding in Baghdad and follow the dual analysis (Performance Gap Analysis) industry which measures the distance between reality and ambition under the Matrix of Strategic Analysis according to a study analyzing the success factors of the industry and linked to the most significant operations. It was the most important success factors and by priority lies in the ((Efficiency and user satisfaction and coverage of population need of flour, and export the surplus labor and development.)).Thus Performance Analysis Gap was measured between the real situation and the best case of analysis, which amounted to (3,2) it was found that a large gap is formed in accordance with the measurement of five degrees.The most important, results that we did reach to from the Performance Analysis Gap is concentrated in encouraging farmers to use and means and ways that will increase the efficiency , the quality and quantity of raw material used in industry in order to rely on the local product and also reduce import as much as possible

جيومورفولوجية سبخات السهل الرسوبي في العراق باستعمال تقنيات الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) == Geomorphology Of Sebkha For Mesopotamia Plain In Iraq - Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information System (GIS) Techniques

Author name: زينب ضمد حسن
Supervisor name: ثائر مظهر فهمي العزاوي | هالة محمد عبد الرحمن
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Remote sensing techniques and Geographic information system (GIS) proved the installation of the bands (3,4,7) is the best in the discrimination of Sebkha and their moisture content, which gives the Sebkha dark gray inclined to brown, and gray indicating least moisture; salts take blue color and installation of (3,4,5) is associated with distinguishing the crescent lakes, with installation of (2,3,4) is associated with river islands. The merging between these channels has an advantage in differentiating these phenomena and their geo - morphological relationship with Sebkha.A relationship between the Sebkha areas and the rainy seasons prior to the summer is established which works on assembling salts from the high surrounding areas and its concentration in low basin areas within these plain Lands. This explains the increased marsh spaces in 2013 in each of the Baghdad, Babil, and Wasit governorates with increasing amount of rain during the rainy season 2012 - 2013. The increase of Sabcka areas in Diwanya, Theeqar and Basrah governorates with the increase in rain quantity during the rainy season (2012 - 2013). In addition, corresponding spatial visualization space is performed to indicate the effect on the tectonic shift mechanism on rivers change together with identifying geomorphological processes affecting the increase of Sebkha and crescent lakes and river islands.The results of change detection and calculation of changing spaces in these phenomena declared that the alluvial plain is characterized by the positive change in 2013 by the increase in vegetation cover, water area and positive decrease for each of the Sebkha saline crust area and soil Sebkha, also all the provinces within the alluvial plain have been distinguished to undergo positive change in significant increase of vegetation and water plains in 2013 except the province of Karbala where water area decreased, and as for the Sebkha of salt crust, it underwent a marked negative increase for each of the province of Baghdad in which the changing area, Maysan, and Wasit an area. The large increase in the salt crust Sebkha included Wasit province, followed by Maysan, and then Baghdad. As to the other provinces, the results indicated positive change revealing less spaces of salt crust Sebkha in the summer of 2013. In regard to the Sabcka soil, the change was negative as noticed by the increase in the province of Baghdad, Basra, Karbala, Maysan, and Wasit. As to the other provinces, the Sabcka soil has decreased in varying sizes compared with 2002.The field study proved the accuracy of the results, that have been obtained via geographical techniques, in determining the spatial distribution of the Sebkha sites, which gathered by deled observations with interpretation and statistical digital classification), their locations were identified through a Global Positioning system GPS, in addition to description of geo - morphological phenomena and their interpretation, besides determining the field variables toincrease reliability. Samples of soil, surface and ground water carefully selected were obtained in a fashion to be distributed over a wide geographical area. The field study has shown forms of Sabcka, which has taken local distribution dispersed in the alluvial plain in the low basin areas of the plain, whose level is close from ground water and on both sides of the river, around the temporary and permanent plains, and dried areas. It started to extend near populated areas and planted depressions. The Sabkha dimensions varied from governorate to another, which varied almost from 1 - 15km, and in most cases extends in an intermittent and continuous form in between populated and all agricultural areas along the roads between governorates.The exact geo - morphological forms associated of Sebkha formats have been all determined, such as : Alnbaka, lakes, salt flats, and others of small forms : bridges with brine, mud cracks, salt ponds etc…together with determining vegetation cover associated with Sebkha of Holophyte with their classification and importance, in detail and accurately documented with terrestrial field Photographs. These are to be compared with the levels and standards of the varieties that have been carefully selected to be acquainted with their characteristics and to determine their locations using the Global Positioning System(GPS). Furthermore, geomorphological map related to sabkha is to be prepared.Following the recognition of the properties of the sedimentary and geochemical properties of recent sediments in the sedimentary basin through, analysis of the positive and negative of basic elements and heavy elements of surface and ground water was performed, besides the soil with regard to its distribution and its classification according to maps. These maps indicated that the pollution of the area under study by negative and positive ions of Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfates, and Chlorine, rare and heavy ions represented by Nickel, Cobalt, Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Zinc. The chemical analyses indicated that the soil increase in their concentration by amount exceeds Iraqi and international limits. Best method to simulate soil elements concentration was found in the Arc GIS V.10, which is the IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted Spatial analyst interpolate). Laboratory analyses have shown that the water quality is poor due to increased salinity, dispersed small quantities of polluting elements, besides determination of most important environmental traces that cause increase in Sabkha by loss of agricultural land, in addition to loss of pasture areas and animals. Further degradation is in water quality and increased desertification phenomenon and its impact on urban sprawl and deterioration of construction quality, loss of biological varieties and crop structure due to high salinity

المناخ واثره في زراعة وانتاجية محاصيل القمح والشعير والذرة الصفراء في قضاء الخالص == Climate And Its Effect On Agriculture And Productivity Of Wheat & Barly & Corn Crops In Qada'A Al - Khalis

Author name: ريم عبد الرزاق حسوبي الزبيدي
Supervisor name: اسماعيل داود سليمان العامري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الى ابراز اثر عناصر المناخ في انتاجية المحاصيل الاستراتيجية في قضاء الخالص، ومن هنا انطلقت مشكلة البحث (هل لعناصر المناخ تاثير في انتاجية محاصيل القمح والشعير والذرة الصفراء في قضاء الخالص) عبر فرضية البحث (لعناصر المناخ تاثير سلبي احيانا واي | This study aims to show effect of climate elements on productivity of strategic crops in Al - Khalis Qada'a and from this study , problem of research appeared ( Are climate elements have effect on productivity of wheat, barley and yellow corn in Al - Khalis Qada'a ) through hypothesis of research ( climate elements have sometimes negative effect and other times positive effect on productivity the under - studied crops) , study depended on Al - Khalis Station data for period ( 1991 - 2013) , Khaniqeen and Samara'a ( 1983 - 2013) because they are the nearest for study area , study included four chapters as well as results and recommendations.Qada'a Al - Khalis has many natural vitals represented by geological structure and difference in surface forms in addition to climate features , soil variety and available of water resources that made Al - Qada'a region useful for farming and productivity agricultural crops. The climate requirements determined for the under - studied crops from ( water, light and heat requirements , winds and relative humidity ) through development stages for each crops and then comparing these requirements by availability of climate vials in the region of study to know rang of corresponding or un corresponding for each element of climate elements during agricultural season. Then , evaporation / generating process conducted according to Bnman Monteeth scale during season development the under - studied crops and Bnman Monteeth equation used in determining water consumption and technology for crops and estimating climate water balance , study have been shown that trend of evaporation value / generating towards increasing in both Khalis and Samara'a stations or towards declining in Khaniqeen Station, and trend of water consumption (evaporation /generating losses ) for the under - studied crops towards increasing in Khalis and Samara'a stations while declining in Khaniqeen station which reflected on increasing water technology and water deficit in both Khalis and Samara'a stations and declining in Khaniqeen Station. The study also have been shown that trend of productivity the under - studied crops towards increasing in the region of study during period (1992 - 2013) and quantitive method used in limiting relation among water consumption ( evaporation / generating losses), productivity of crops as an independent variable (Y) and climate elements as a variable follow (X1….. X8) and this was the result. As for water consumption : - the statistical analysis proved existence a strong relation with high sign between water consumption ( evaporation /generating losses ) for crops of wheat , barley and yellow corn for three monitoring stations (Al - Khalis - Khaniqeen - Samara'a) and the independent variables ( ordinary heat average, great heat, low heat, relative humidity , solar lightening , wind speed, active rains ) , these variables depended on several tests ( S - E , t - test , F - test ) by truth degree (99%) for three monitoring stations , and value of limiting coefficient (R2) for stations of monitoring (AL - khalis 97% , Khaniqeen 93% , Samara'a 94 % ) as for both crops wheat and barley , while corn crop , its value of limiting coefficient ( R2) for three monitoring stations (97%) and (3%) due to factors could not limited. As for productivity of crops and independent variables : - (evaporation / generating process, ordinary heat, Great heat , low heat, relative humidity, solar lightening, wind speed, active rains) , the statistical results for Khalis station have been shown that value of relation among in dependant variables and wheat productivity is (0,33%) , barley productivity ( 0, 22%) and corn productivity (0,31) and rest of variables due to numbers of factors most important are (irrigation methods , soil fertility , fertilization process, maintenance means (diseases and insects ), type of used seeds, human factor (labor hands - machines - tools - harvesting ).For Khaniqeen station , the statistical results have been shown that value of relation among independent variables and wheat productivity ( 0,62% ) and barley productivity ( 0,93) and corn productivity ( 0, 41) and the rest of variables due to the previous mentioned factors.While for Samara'a station , the statistical results have been shown that value of relation among independent variables and wheat productivity is (0,49%) and barley productivity (0, 26%) and corn productivity (0,31%) and rest of variables due to previous mentioned factors

اعداد خرائط التلوث البيئي لمدينة بغداد == Preparing Environmental Pollution Maps For Baghdad City

Author name: ريا فاضل رضا موسى الحداد
Supervisor name: اياد عاشور حمزة الطائي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تكمن اهمية البحث في التعرف على ظاهرة تلوث مدينة بغداد واسبابها والتغيرات البيئية التي ترافقها فضلا عن بيان مدى الاضرار التي تؤثر في صحة الانسان وجميع الكائنات الحية والبيئية بشكل عام.و توجيه الانتباه الى مدى خطورة هذه الظاهرة للحد منها من خلال توجيه المخت | Importance of research is concentrated on pollution phenomenon of Baghdad city and it Causes , environmental variationswhich accompanied , as well as over damage which affect human health and all organisms and environmental generally. To pay attention to the seriousness of this phenomenon to reduce them by specialists and concerns making - decision to limit the spread of situation and ensure the safety of natural environmental of changes Baghdad city , to keep Baghdad city pure and natural environment livable.Research problem concentrated inthe heterogeneity of the components of environment within geographical boundaries of Baghdad city , there are no maps clarify environmental pollution of city distributed by all environmental pollutants elements and it concentrations.The research aims to studying ,analyzing , diagnoses, types of environmental pollutants (air, surface ground water , soil, noise radiation) of Baghdad city and measure the studied elements, Is it within natural locally and internationally border, as well as set up data base using geographical technical and using ARC GIS 10.2 PROGRAM and statistical program (spss) , to set up the maps it shows studied elements ,multi shapes pollutants maps circular representation and stack columns and illustrated by the results of the tests for pollutants elements and analyzing the maps ,graphics, and schedules by quantitative analysis and sight comparing.It has been analyzed researched elements and it chosen five stations (al andulus - al jamia'a - al khadimiya - al nafot - al yarmook).It has been measured (no2,co,no,so2,o3) for each month around year.About (surface water pollution) it has been taken samples of Tigris river and filtering station (12) location (alkarkh water project - al muthana bridge - al a'aima bridge - al shuhada'a bridge , al ahrar bridge - al khadisiya water project - al rasheed water project - al zafaraniya water project - sader al wihda pumping station - , al doora water project - dira'adijla station - 9 nissanstation ) for each month around year , it has been measured physical and chemical variations (MG,TH,NA.SO4,CA) (Ground water pollution ) it has been taken samples of water from (18) wells , those wells are divided according depth into 2 groups , the first less than 20m and the second group more than 20m distributed on Baghdad city , it has been measured the physical and chemical variations wells water ,(PH,CA,MG,NA,K,HCO3,SO4,CL,NO3,E.C,TDS) (Soil pollution) , it has been taken samples from (al mansor ,al jadiriya,aldoora,alrasheed camp , al zafaraniya, al grea'at ) around year , it has been measured (FE,PB,ZN,NI,CU,CR,SO4,PH) (Noise pollution) it has been measured level of equivalent pressure (LEG) (75) area in baghdad , registered data classified into areas (commercial - residential - industrial ) around year.(Radiation pollution) it has been survey (8) locations and measured also the rate of natural radiation for soil of Baghdad city.Researcher have been reached to abstract some of conclusion (nox) recorded high average in air which cause acid rains , but the soil sulfate rise the rate which resulted high salinity , and rise the rate of nickel which causes the damage and poisoning the plants , and rise the soil acidity to (7) show the middle of soil is alkaline , therefore difficult soil absorption for heavy elements , but the surface water exceeded salinity , oils, solid materials determined, ground water exceeded all determined researched elements specially the wells which less height about 20m and rise the rate of water salinity its not valid for human and agricultural use.Noise has been registered high in all city areas specially Palestine st. al mustansiriya in residential use and al ameen area in commercial use and al talibiya area in industrial use.Radiation pollution has been registered (8) locations almost are war waste collect areas (remnants) through the maps analysis we concludes the rise of salinity in surface , ground water , and soil , specially whenever towards to the south and south - east of Baghdad city , and rise of noise level specially in al rusafa sector , al rusafa sector is polluted more than al karkh sector , resulted to all those pollutants diseases has been rise specially the cancers.

خدمات البنى التحتية في وحدة بلدية الغدير == Infrastructure Services Unit In The Municipality Of Ghadeer

Author name: رشا محمد حسن كاطع الشويلي
Supervisor name: رفل ابراهيم طالب
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: the infrastructure services is one of the threads that have a close relationship to human life and its evolution so come to represent an important indicator of the progress and development of civilization in the city include these services (drinking water service and sewage and electric power), and has been selected (unit Municipality Ghadeer area) to study for being one of the important urban areas in the city of Baghdad experiencing population increase markedly in recent years, which requires focus and study of the service, and aims to that there is variation in the provision of services within the residential neighborhoods in the study area and came neighborhood confirmed inspired April 9 at the forefront of these neighborhoods with a deficit in infrastructure services (drinking water, sewerage, electricity) and the lack of efficiency and adequacy on the basis provided for each person according to planning standards and in sufficient quantities, to variation in population growth and Kthavthm by neighborhoods and high excesses (slums) and the apparent increase secretion of residential land ( fission residential) Which impact on the rising demand for services and then decline and deterioration of the efficiency of the service.jaet study four chapters where the first chapter discusses the natural and human characteristics and their impact on services in the study area as the second chapter the spatial distribution of services, mechanism of action, and the third chapter is complementary second to separate from the reality of analysis services supported in clarification on a range of tables and graphics, while the fourth chapter dealt with the current and future needfor drinking water and knowing discharged quantities of water and the amount of electrical energy needed size. The study found a set of conclusions and recommendations that have a contribution to addressing the problems or trying to reduce their negative effects at present and in the future by increasing the number of water projects and energy design and extending sewerage networks in the shops of others are served with a continuing those networks maintenance and equipping the population with electricity. Any The services are planning according to local and international standards for the advancement of the best of those services.

تقييم الاثر البيئي للصناعات الصغيرة في مركز مدينة الرمادي == Environmental Impact Assessment Of Small - Scale Industries In The City Of Ramadi Center

Author name: رشا سعد هواس ابراهيم المعاضيدي
Supervisor name: اسماعيل عباس هراط
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Anbar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الى تقييم الاثر البيئي للصناعات الصغيرة في مركز مدينة الرمادي التي شهدت تركزا كبيرا للمنشات الصناعية الصغيرة بمختلف انواعها والتعرف على اثر هذه المنشات على البيئة المحلية التي يعيش فيها السكان وصحته وراحته وممتلكاته, وتبرز اهمية هذه الدراسة ف | The research aims to assess the environmental impact of small - scale industries in downtown Ramadi that has seen significant concentration of small industrial enterprises of various kinds and identify their impact on the local environment installations where population health and comfort and their property, and highlights the importance of this study under the heading now towards industrial investment and neglect the environmental dimension, which means increasing the risks and pressure on environmental resources, a temporary development did not take into account environmental degradation and its negative effects and to the right of future generations of these resources and ensure life Happy. The researcher was used to identify about public participation in the environmental assessment process as it followed the method of statistical analysis using spss , The study revealed the presence of obvious environmental hazards as industrial intervention outweigh the negative effects of its positive effects on industry, and the diverse effects of wastes on the health of the population and the biosphere, especially air pollution. the indiscriminate expansion of unregulated stocks, including industrial facilities. the deterioration of the quality of the natural and cultural environment, due to the neglect of environmental dimension when implementing industrial projects, and the lack of clear plans to locate industrial sites in the various development plans and the absence of the role of government action to alleviate the problem of pollution.

التحليل المكاني لخصائص السكان كبار السن في مدينة بغداد للمدة (1997 - 2013) : دراسة في جغرافية السكان == Spatial Analysis Of The Characteristics Of The Elderly Population In The City Of Baghdad , For The Period (1997 - 2013) ( Study At The Geography Of The Population)

Author name: راندا ناصر محمد
Supervisor name: صلاح محسن جاسم
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الى دراسة التحليل المكاني لخصائص السكان كبار السن في مدينة بغداد على مستوى وحداتها الادارية (اقضية ونواحي)، من خلال دراسة حجمهم وتوزيعهم وخصائصهم الديموغرافية، والتعرف على حالتهم الزواجية ومستواهم التعليمي، فضلا عن التعرف على خصائصهم الاقتصا | Aims Thread to study the spatial analysis of the characteristics of the elderly population in the city of Baghdad at the level of administrative units (districts and the areas), through the study of their demographics and learn about the marital status and level of education in addition to the identification of economic characteristics in terms of human their strength and scope of the exercise of their economic activity and their process included the study to know the most important health difficulties they face in addition to the knowledge of the most important reasons leading to it and learn about the deaths in this category of the population. The study aimed to reveal the image of the spatial and temporal variation of the characteristics of the elderly population for the period (1997 - 2013), where he adopted a researcher on the 1997 census data, and the data and the ministries of planning and health in relation to the year 2013. The study found that the proportion of older people is still low in terms of ( 3.46 % ) for 1997 to rise to ( 3.84 % ) for the year 2013 and that the proportion of females is higher than males in terms of ( 56.51 % , 52.19 % ), respectively for the years study , as the study found an increase in the proportion of married couples in terms of ( 55.32 % ) for 1997 to be submitted to ( 62.11 % ) for the year 2013 while both bachelors and divorcees and widows decreased , either in terms of their level of education , the illiteracy rate is still very high in terms of ( 36.14 % ) , either with respect to their strength , rising non - human ratio of economically active than ( 86.47 % ) in the year 1997 to ( 94.08 % ) in the year 2013, Either by the economic activity the wholesale & retail trade and repair of vehicles and got the first in mining and quarrying came last, and when the examination, showed a characteristic. The health problems considered in the first place the difficulties experienced by the elderly and reached the 31.56% although old age is the main cause of the difficulties experienced by the senior age.

المناخ وعلاقته بزراعة محاصيل القمح والشعير والرز في محافظة ذي قار == Climate And Its Relationship To The Cultivation Of Crops Of Wheat, Barley And Rice In The Province Of Dhi Qar

Author name: خلود مساعد ايدام الغزي
Supervisor name: عبد الرزاق خيون خضير ال محيميد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: This study aims tagged (climate and its relationship to the cultivation o f wheat and barley crops, rice farming in the province of Dhi Qar) to clarify the effect of the elements of the climate on the cultivation of field crops in the province of Dhi Qar, by finding the relationship between climatic requirements necessary for the cultivation of agricultural crops studied and the available resources in the study area, as well as show the relationship of climate in the injury of agricultural crops in various plant diseases. In order to determine the best types of agricultural crops suitable for cultivation in the study area that will be the expansion of cultivated The study showed that the climatic requirements of each crop of agricultural crops examined in the study area vary in terms of the high temperatures and minimum and optimal require rements and the requirements of light and humidity, rain and wind. Climate elements were analyzed in the study area Kalahaaa solar temperatures, wind, and the manifestations of air and dust air humidity and precipitation and evaporation The results of the statistical analysis of agricultural crops in the study area suitable large for agriculture because of great consensus between the climatic requirements of agricultural crops and the available resources in the study area. Oazart the results of the statistical analysis for the analysis of simple correlation (Saberman) and use the test (t) and test (Friedman) for field crops suitable climate of terms of temperature, relative humidity and wind adequate solar radiation and rainfall, which is compensated by the shortage of irrigation

التحليل المكاني لاستعمالات الارض الحضرية في مدينة عامرية الفلوجة باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS == Spatial Analysis Of Urban Land Uses In The City Of Fallujah Amiriyat Using GIS

Author name: خالد ابراهيم حسين العيساوي
Supervisor name: احمد سلمان حمادي الفلاحي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Anbar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: The importance of the subject of the study (spatial analysis uses of urban land in the town of Amiriyat al - Fallujah using geographic information systems) in an analysis of spatial patterns of these uses and stages of development and analysis of efficiency and geographical factors influencing the use of GIS technology, and remote sensing data representing by (Quick Bird) visual for the year 2011 as well as field work, office work and down to clear these uses and categorized and evaluated for geographic database building after doing spatial analysis on the layers of spatial information, as the city has an important location, as it is located within the hinterland intensive agricultural, which in turn led to the growth and development of the city as well as industrial companies, which lies southwest of the city, which contributed significantly to the growth and development of urban infrastructure of the city, as well as historical and archaeological sites, which led to the emergence of the first core of the city, hence the need for the city to the applied study related to land use, the aim is monitoring the current reality of land uses in the city and apply it on maps. And evaluate the reality of these uses, according to planning standards, for the purpose of later use as a basis for development, planning and improving the situation of the city The study dealt with four chapters, including Chapter I : theoretical background in the use of urban land and geographic information systems, and the second chapter : the evolution of the city, the natural and human influencing factors on land use patterns, and included the third quarter on : analysis of urban land use patterns in the study city during the contemporary period, the study concluded in the fourth quarter analysis of the functional efficiency of the use of urban land in the city and the study found a set of conclusions the most important result of the study area residential and function mainly as The percentage of residential use them (48.69%) of the total other uses, while the lowest rate it uses the land for religious services and by (0.45%) of the total uses, and that the space visuals high precision an important role in studies of uses of urban land, and most land use does not match the planning standards, particularly service institutions. The study recommends the necessity to rely on satellite visualizations of discriminatory high resolution data in the study of land uses and categorized and analyzed to facilitate the work of researchers and build a GIS database, and take advantage of the applicable previously basic designs mistakes, and work to find a solution to the excesses happened, and guide the relevant departments for the necessity to encourage business owners to invest a residential vertical expansion as well as attention to infrastructure and services there.

دور المناخ في تباين الاستهلاك المائي لمحصول القطن في وسط وجنوب العراق == The Role Of Climate In The Consumptive Water Variation Use For Cotton Crop In The Middle And South Of Iraq

Author name: حيدر هاتف احمد الجبوري
Supervisor name: اسماعيل داود سليمان العامري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت هذه الدراسة تاثير الظروف المناخية في الاستهلاك المائي لمحصول من المحاصيل الزيتية في وسط وجنوب العراق الا وهو محصول القطن, وعلى هذا الاساس هدفت الدراسة الى تقدير كمية استهلاكه المائي مستندة الى عاملين رئيسين هما : - 1. العامل المناخي الذي يتمثل باس | This study tackles the effect of climate conditions on the water consumption of the oil crops in the middle and southern Iraq, namely, cotton. On that basis the study the study aims at evaluating the quantity of water consumption on the following two factors : 1 - The climate factor influences is represented by the use of the climate elements in evaluating the evaporation exudation which represents a great share of consumption depending on the experimental method in evaluation represented by Penman - Monteith Equation which was applied on the form of a computer program known as CROPWAT 8.0.2 - The botanical factor which is represented by the crop of KC.For the clarification of the image of the geographic distribution of the water consumption and linking them with the prevalent climate in the area of the study, the researcher used the climate data for (13) climate station distributed to the middle and southern of Iraq for the climate circle (31) years extending from 1983 - 2013. The study proved that the quantity of water consumed by the crop of cotton was little in the first stages of growth for the area of the study (94.4, 160.9 ml) in April and May respectively. Then, the rates began to escalate in the stages of ripening and flowering to (242.7, 319.3, 239 ml) in June and July respectively. They decrease in the harvest stage to (108 ml) in September. The study proved that the general line of evaporation - exudation during the season of cotton crop growth is declining in most of the areas according to Penman - Monteith Equation in the following stations (Tikrit, Kahnqeen, kerbala, Hella, Al - hay, Dewaniaym, Najaf, Nasiriya and Ammarah). While the general line shows a significant increase in the stations of (Baghdad, Simawah and Basrah). The water consumption varies during the season of cotton growth seasonally in the area of the study. The research divided the scope of study into two main areas depending on the rate of water consumption as follows : First : the low water consumption scope : this represents the southern party of the undulant area and the northern part of the Plain and the western plateau this includes (Tikrit, Kahnqeen, Baghdad, Ramadi, Karbala, Hella, Al - Dewaniaym, Najaf ).Second : the high water consumption scope : this represents the middle and desert plateau this comes second in terms of area and includes (Al - hay, , Nassriya, Simawa, Basrah and Ammarah). In completion to the statement of the role of climate in the variation of the water consumption quantity temporally and spatially the researcher followed the statistical analytic method to show the correlation between the elements of climate as independent variables and the water consumption as a dependent variable by the use of SPSS. The results show a strong correlation between the water consumption (Y) and the climate elements (x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, x9) in the stations of ( Kahnqeen, Baghdad, Dewaniaym, Al - hay), and a strong correlation between the water consumption (Y) and the climate elements (x4, x5, x6) in the station of Simawa. The value of interpretation coefficient (R2) of the factors effecting the water consumption of the stations of (Kahnqeen, Baghdad, Al - hay, Dewaniaym, Simawa) which attained to (%0.93, %0.96, 0.99, %0.97, 0.77) with a confidence degree of (%0.95) for all stations. The test rate (F) reached confidence degree of (%99). The study also concludes the possibility of using the multiple decline model for the studied stations to predict water consumption of the crop of cotton in the future

الثروة الحيوانية في محافظة كركوك == Animal Weaith In Kirkuk Governorate

Author name: حسام محمد عبد الله العسافي
Supervisor name: كمال صالح كزكوز العاني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Anbar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: يعد الانتاج الحيواني الجانب الثاني للنشاط الزراعي لاية دولة كونها تشكل موردا اقتصاديا مهما من الناحية الغذائية للسكان وتوفر مادة اولية صناعية كالالبان والصناعات الغذائية واللحوم المعلبة والمجمدة. تقع محافظة كركوك في الجزء الشمالي والشمالي الشرقي من العرا | We can consider animal production the second aspect of for agricultural activity as an important economic resource of any state. At the same time it can provide the food for the population and the of raw material and industrial dairy products and food industries like canned and frozen meat.Kirkuk governorate is located in the northern part of the east and the north of Iraq and the area (10186) 2 km, all of these features earning natural ingredients and humanity can contribute to livestock diversity and development if they invested in a scientific manner studied, which contributes to secure the food security of the population, it has contributed to diversity in natural and human ingredient in livestock diversity, and can harness these ingredients to build a base for the development of livestock in the province.The adoption of the unity of the administrative area (districts, counties) in the study because of the large size of the governorate, because of its livestock diversity given it an important place and it was a cause to pay a researcher to study. In addition to what he went through general of Iraq and the province in particular and the preservation of political events contributed to the decline in their numbers, as this craft has become secondary to the population to go to work in the governmental and administrative functions.The adoption of the unity of the administrative area (districts, counties) in the study of the breadth of the province, given because of its livestock diversity was a cause to pay a researcher to study, especially that what passed diameter and conservative political events contributed to the decline in their numbers, as the craft became secondary to the population to go to work in jobs governmental and administrative.The study has made an offer of natural ingredients and their impact on livestock breeding, and human components that came to give a clear picture of the reality of livestock breeding, and this is what called to the geographical distribution of livestock eat by administrative units, and then give a picture of the problems faced by livestock and solutions proposed to that problem in the development of ways for the advancement of livestock in the study area.This study has relied often on the field study of personal interviews and direct site visits, looking for precision in the integrated information to take advantage of statistical single, but the province of Kirkuk governorate, productive livestock and lacks only the rational planning and follow - up and proper management.

كفاءة توزيع محطات تعبئة الوقود في قضاء الكوت : دراسة في جغرافية النقل == The Efficiency Of Fuel Supply Stations Distribution In Al - Kut District

Author name: حسام جبار لطيف عبد المعموري
Supervisor name: جمال حامد رشيد الدليمي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تزايدت اهمية محطات تعبئة الوقود في الوقت الحاضر نتيجة تزايد اعداد المركبات بصورة كبيرة خصوصا بعد عام 2003 حيث اصبح العراق سوقا لتصريف المنتجات الاجنبية والعربية بشكل كبير والمحلية على نطاق محدود, وكذلك حاجة الناس الى الخدمات التي تقدمها محطات تعبئة الوق | The Importance of fuel supplying stations have increased in recent time, as result of the increasing numbers of the vehicles in large quantities. After 2003, Iraq became a market for dispensing the foreign, and Arabic products in a large scale. There is local in a limited scale, There is peoples need to the services provided by these stations all year long in winter to get their need of fuel (kerosean, gas cylenders) for heating, and in summer for the shortage in electricity so they to stations to get (benzene and gasoline) to operate home generators in addition to the vehicles. and of these stations became of gneat importance in portance in Iraqis lives choosed fuel supply station in Al - Kut district is chosen as subject for this thesis in order to expor in details the importance of fuel supply stations and to study their efficiency from all sides spatal, artificial, or economical in the area of study. The study consisted of four chapters where we tackled the concept of fuel supply stations, their importance, their historical development, the cons, we tackled some international and Arabic experiments in building fuel supply stations like Saudi, libian and British experiments. Also we studied the natural conditions effecting in building fuel supply stations, in addition to the humane factors effecting them represented by standards and restrictions made by the specialized trends as for the structure and the features of fuel supply stations in the area under study from location, area, the width of the main road leading to them, number of workers and pumps, and other variables which we got from the questionnaire and their analysis by using (GIS).We tackle the range of standards applied in the stations under study with those applied by the sepecialized local trends, and for the efficiency of the stations in the area under study, which were tackled in accordance to the statistical curriculum represented by (standard distance) and waiting arrys theory in treating and the analysis for the data which were gathered by field work, then we reached to a group of inferences and recommendations.

السكن العشوائي في مدينة الكوت : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == Random Settlements In Al - Kut City ( A Study In Urban Geography)

Author name: حامد داوي كاظم السرايدة
Supervisor name: جبر عطية جودة المياح
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: The research aims to study the problem of slums in the city of Al - Kut , and their causes and the most important problems arising from them , also aims to geographical distribution study of slums and Pattern Recognition distribution them through the use of some statistical methods nearest neighborhood , distance standard medium and the site, also used some statistical methods other to achieve the aims of search abstraction percentages and the formulation of statistical tables and graphs and analysis study depended mainly field study and applied to a random sample in addition to the governmental institutions that serve the goals of search data. The study included four chapters The first chapter discusses the history of the problem of slums in the city off Al - Kut and its causes, and the second chapter is included the geographical distribution of the slums, and the third chapter is included the population characteristics and housing slums, and the fourth chapter problems caused by the random housing in the study area in addition to the (Future Vision) conclusions and suggestions Study concluded that the main reasons for the problem of random housing weakness application of random housing laws , and that the geographical distribution of the slums has been influenced by the existence of services and transport routes, and that the most important characteristic of slums population is low economic level and the spread of unemployment among them, child labor, dropout, and affect the type of the land on the type of building materials slums, the study also concluded that the lack of services in most slums lead to inefficient services in residential neighborhoods planned near it because of pressure from the slums

جيومورفولوجية المراوح الفيضية بين النجف والسماوة == Geomorpholoy Of The Alluvial Fans Between - Najaf And - Samawa

Author name: جميلة فاخر محمد
Supervisor name: اسحق صالح العكام
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Alluvial fans are one of the most prominent features of water deposition in the avid and semi avid regions.It separates between the nature of the center flow within the drainage basin runoff which spread easily on the environment of sedimentation.The study of Alluvial fans by two trends; the first of which is geomorphology an independent unit, with characteristics that distinguish the fan floodplains from the rest of the units basin water drainage through the study of the mechanism of formation, growth, the factors affecting it, the characteristics and environmental features, geomorphological processes that take place over it. The other trend was the study of alluvial fans as part of the integrated flood that is influenced by processes that take place with full parts of the basin, where the reached inputs affect geomorphological processes that occur on the surface of the basin. Their effects are shown on all parts of the basin, including the alluvial fan. The study consists of six Alluvial fans with the drainage basins.It contains extends in most AL - Najaf plateau and parts of the provinces of Al - Diwaniya and AL - Muthanna. The extends between (29.49 - 32.9)North Latitudes and between (42.29 - 45.1)east Longitudes. The study area Occupyies (23155)km2 of the surface area of Iraq.It occupied alluvialfans(156.1)km2, of basins (22998.9)km2of the regions of the whole area.The study takes the north - east direction.The emergence of depositions alluvial fans at the end of the canyons, where these sediments formed (156.1 km 2), with a rate of (0.67%) from the area configurations. It is an index of the consecutive periods of deposition and erosion by changes in the time Blaistaseen, These formations have continued in the deposition until the time of the Holocene ,it was reached to the forms of alluvial fans by comparing the geometry where the same model figure fans have included fans (Alkur, Abu doab, Abu Shinan). The fans that have triangle shapes include two fans (hasap, Alheiazi), whereas Valley Faraj fan, has an abnormal shape.It was concluded that the shape or (semi - turbofan). It was concluded that applying Milton coefficient, and the coefficient of the deposition rate (R) fans the study area, that the fans have reached an advanced stage of the surface construction. It has begun to move from construction to demolition. A laboratory quantitative analysis of the sizes of the surface sediments, where it has (18) samples and (3) samples of each fan, through the analysis that the large - scale sediment was deposited at the scope of fans flood peaks. It appeared that the gravels are the types of sediments which are prevalent in the tops of the fans.The results of the analysis of deposits amid fans have shown the medium sand deposits feet fans over silt and clay analysis. Thus, it appears that the volumes of thesediments across its parts.A morphological analysis of surface deposits that exceed the size (2mm), was conducted where pebbles were analyzed. (324) pebbles are of high proportion of round gravel and a good rotation that rates to (26.67%, 28.15%) in samples amid fans. It has adopted a method called (Krombaan) in the extraction spherical surface sediments, where it became clear which spherical sediments are high in general. The study has reached a spherical proportion of deposit peaks fans flood was (0.68%) where the deposits amid fans spherical sediments reached (0.73%), and the forms of sediments depend on (Zing classification was reached through it to the sharp form (roofing) is the dominant form of grit fans tops.It shows that its average rate is (43.78%) of the percentage of forms of gravel in the fans tops, as a square shape is the dominant form in deposits amid fans flood, where the rate stood at an average (37.04%) of the percentage of forms gravel deposits in the center of the fans. It reached to the degree of risk of floods that occur on the surface of the fans, were divided into three levels, and these levels varied in the areas within the fans, reaching high - risk area of land (57.13 km2), and by(36.6%) of the total fan area , while the medium - risk land area (52.17 km 2) and by (33.42%), while the few dangerous land area has reached (46.8 km 2) and by (29.98%) The classification of land use and land cover in the fans flood relying on the US Geological System (U.S.G.S) by drawing classification maps for uses of Alluvial fans, and the field study of these fans, where the uses were identified land down to the third level of the surface of fans.

التحليل المكاني لاستعمالات الارض التعليمية في بلديتي الشعلة والمنصور : دراسة مقارنة == Spatial Analysis Of The Land Uses Educational In Al - Shula And Mansoor Municipalitic (A Comparative Study)

Author name: ثريا جلوب جبر الكناني
Supervisor name: محسن عبد علي الفريجي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Education is closely linked to the lives of societies , It is considered as base for the development of any society and the advancement in the ranks of advanced countries in connection with economic and social development, so it is necessary to promote and develop what is reflected positively on the rest of the other sectors, as well as attention to good planning to use the educational ground and securing them standards adopted to achieve the best out of them.Therefore , this study refers to analysis the educational area which ,estimated ( 1346725 M2 ) and the building of schools ,that estimated (424 buildings ) which are governmental building and (107 non governmental building ) in four fields of learning , that to be known the real situation of learning in the two educational area in west side of Baghdad ( two towns ALSHUAALA & ALMANSOUR ) in the current time starting from Kindergartens and ending with high school. in both field Vocational and academic , and those be known in their Efficiency and their manner of , and according to the Iraqi planning category. as well as , explain the future needs from the area or building in the category of Residents and studentsThe study had depend on the statistic method in estimate the locational distribute and analysis the relations in distance and to know the their problems through the system of (Gis)The study also includes the explain the services of the area and distance and moving from the residential location to the location of school the study discovered disability in the area and the Quantum that was for the academic years 2014 - 2015 and the target year 2030.The conclusion of the study refers to Recommendations related with developing the educational regime.

التجسيم الكارتوكرافي الرقمي للخصائص الجغرافية في ناحية العامرية == Digital Cartographical Modeling For Geographical Features In Ameriya Region

Author name: بكر حاتم حماد مناجد الفلاحي
Supervisor name: احمد سلمان حمادي الفلاحي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Anbar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: تسعى الدراسة الموسومة (التجسيم الكارتوكرافي الرقمي للخصائص الجغرافية في ناحية العامرية ) الى تحقيق افضل حالة تمثيل للبيانات في ناحية العامرية واجراء المقارنة بين الخرائط ذات البعدين والثلاثة ابعاد ومن ثم بناء قاعدة البيانات الجغرافية للخرائط المجسمة. وقد | The tagged study seeks (Digital Cartographical Modeling For Geographical features in Ameriya Region ) to make the best case for the representation of data in Amiriya region and a comparison between the two - dimensional maps and three dimensions and then building geographic data base for three - dimensional maps. The researcher adopted in the study two types of data which are Spatial Data Attributes Data as known as geographic information systems. Spatial data prepared for this study consists of map includes agricultural provinces in Ameriya, as well as geological and topographical maps,...etc. While The Attributes data related to the numbers of the population and the quantities of agricultural production and the names of community services and their locations such as schools, after that the necessary data for the study was collected and then entered to the computer.Therefore the study begins from assumptions and goals that can be achieved by using the Tools or additions Extension tools own representation of this data on a third dimension and linked to the program President Arc GIS 9,3 maps after saved in the Toolbox Toolbox. The study found the conclusions of the group, including : - 1 - proved study limited studies to prepare modeling maps (the third dimension), especially Arab ones, so as to timeliness, as well as their need for a set of additions rare Extinctions and falling to own GIS programs ArcGIS tools 9.3, which requires skill and experience in their use.2 - The study proved that the cartographical modeling maps have high level of effectiveness and visual perspective compared to conventional cartographic maps, and through the results of the comparison, which took place at all study maps.3 - the study proved that the traditional methods have more problems in perception and understanding as opposed to cartographical modeling maps prepared by the software GIS and RS data. The study also included of four chapters, which included in the first chapter general concepts of anthropomorphism cartography in terms of definition and characteristics of the subject, and its importance, and ways of acting in a manner anthropomorphism starting from the primitive methods until the present day, also it contains the most important techniques used in the study, especially geographic information systems (GIS) in terms of the concept and definition of the most important advantages and importance, as same as for Remote Sensing (Remote Sensing(.Chapter two discussed the sources of the data used and programs of study, and map data sources and programs used in the study of which include Program (Arcmap9.3) and program (Surfer10) and program (Erdas8.4(..The third chapter, dealt with cartographical modeling of the natural geographical characteristics through the design of a two - dimensional maps (2D) and three - dimensional (3D) such as the surface and the properties of soil and groundwater... as a user system outputs of design with surrounding design in light of the data entered in the system. While the fourth chapter dealt with the cartographical modeling of humanity geographical characteristics as population in terms of the spatial distribution of the number of agricultural production and community services,...etc. In conclusion the conclusions and recommendations and then came sources and summary Search in English.

التقييم الجيومورفولوجي لمنحدرات سلسلة كاره == The Geomorphological Evaluation Of The Slopes To Gara Chain

Author name: بسمة علي عبد الحسين الجنابي
Supervisor name: فاضل باقر الحسني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت هذه الدراسة التقييم الجيومورفولوجي لمنحدرات سلسلة كاره والتي تعد جزءا من نطاق الالتواءات العالية التي تمتاز بالتواءاتها المتعددة وكثرة تراكيبها الجيولوجية فتبلغ مساحتها (1591,378كم2) , اذ ينكشف في منطقة الدراسة تكوينات جيولوجية تمتد في اعمارها من | This study evaluation Geomorphologicaly the slopes of Gara chain , which is part of a high folded zone characterized by multiple folded and frequent geological structures of an area (1591.378 km 2), as revealed in the study geological formations area stretching in ages from the Triassic to the Miocene as well as deposits of returning to Quaternary age include nineteen exposed rock ranged between very extreme rigidity to fragile depositions , so it created a divergence in the nature of the surface of the severe land terrain and cut into plain land, then graded height between (357 - 2169 m) above sea level.the study area Affected by pressure , tensile and folding movement as well as cut off parts of them because of faults impulsivity and also been affected by the Geomorphological operations and prime factors over time, making it divided into (6) folds President and secondary , forming the Gara chain mountain hater, the climatic fluctuating conditions of warmth and humidity during successive time intervals work in the revitalization of erosion and weathering processes and cutting convex folds and concave with the current climate contribute to the erosion of the slopes of these folds fragments and ground materials transport of high convexity and extreme regions of regression to the concave and the less gradient slope , so the consequent availability of soil at the feet of the highlands and is considered one of the rich soils of minerals and elements useful arable despite the presence a few area , and the vegetation is affected clearly by the degree regression of the area being consistent with the presence of soil, higher the degree gradient less the soil and thus less it's presence, and knowledge of the natural characteristics that draw terrain features identified regression characteristics prevailing in the region, according to environmental variables so was applied both rating (Young, Demek, Zink) but it is matched in terms of class regressions differed in terms of topography realism of the area, so we've put a detailed classification of a special study area depends on the basis for determining the topographical nature, so it divided in to six regional slopes , it has been matching those regions later with rocky nature so it result inverse relationship between them.The study proceeded to analyze and interpret landforms associated with slopes and processes affecting them and determine the types of material movement on the slopes of these cliffs and determine the extent of their response to these operations, as the region as a whole strongly water erosion affected as prevailed where the intensity is very high erosion amounted percentage (70.84%) of the total area of the study area, followed by severe erosion, which amounted percentage (16.95%) of the total area, and third place it was the intensity of high erosion, reaching a rate of (9.83%) of the total Gara chain space. The wind erosion was simple impact on the region as erosion susceptibility results showed that it ranged from very few erosion in each of the stations Zakho and Dohuk and medium erosion in Aqra station, making these processes contribute to changing the morphology of the slopes from one place to another over time.The study found that the elected water basins of the Gara chain , which included (22) basin hydraulically taken forms between circular and rectangular as well as basins taken an oval forms , this means lower signify the risk of flooding after heavy rain in the valleys and high in other valleys, particularly those valleys with a circular shape, The terrain characteristics has indicated that variation terrain values and the rate of basin texture as a result of the different nature of the rock formations, that although the majority of basins undergoing maturation, and the amount of sediment derived from each of these basins during the year is inversely proportional to the degree of regression rate.In light of these data, the study summarized by setting a standard takes into account the processes and factors Geomorphological most influential on the slopes of the cliffs as this standard ensures determine the reagon risk based on the nature of the rocks and the degree of regression according to the rating for the detailed study area and intensity of water erosion, which are classified into four reagon of danger which is low - risk represented a percentage (64.32%), and the average risk, which represented (9.17%) the risk represented by percentage (15.47%) and extremely dangerous was (11.04%) of the study area and an area that has been its impact on determine the appropriate parts of the Gara chain for the purpose of human use and benefit as a promising lands possess natural ingredients can be used after a proper planning in the future

الظواهر الجوية المصاحبة للرياح الجنوبية - الجنوبية الغربية - الغربية في العراق == Atmospherically Phenomena That Associated With Southern - Southern Western - Western Wind In Iraq

Author name: بدور محمد داود النجار
Supervisor name: فاضل باقر الحسني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تطرقت هذه الدراسة للظواهر الجوية المصاحبة للرياح الجنوبية - الجنوبية الغربية - الغربية في العراق الا وهي ظاهرة العواصف الغبارية الغبار الصاعد، الغبار العالق، الغشاوة، العواصف الرعدية، الضباب، البرد. ومن اجل توضيح رسم صورة التوزيع الجغرافي للظواهر الج | This study deals with air phenomena that associated with southern - southern western - western winds in Iraq which are the dust storms phenomenon , ascending dusts , pending dusts ,mist, thunderstorm , fog and In order to illustrate and draw the geographical distribution image that associated with wind in the study area depends on to climate data for (8) climate stations distributed on the north , middle and south of Iraq for a duration time (1990 - 2013).The study shows that there are many factors impacts on orientations and speed of wind, one of them is constant which determine the wind orientation , the movable one effects on temporal and locational reoccurrence variations.where the temporal and locational distribution of orientation and speed of wind has studied per hour , daily , monthly , season ,quarterly and yearly also linked it to the affection of climate factors in the action air phenomena associated with winds.The study indicates that the western direction is the most dominant among other directions and the dust storm , ascending dust , pending dust ,mist, thunderstorm and fog obviously increases with that direction while thunderstorm increases with southern wind , hails phenomenon is rarely happen or may be little with western - western eastern - eastern at stations ,gathering all scientific sides the Statistical analysis has used to show the type of relationship among air phenomenon that associated with wind wither it be dust phenomenon either be inverse or proportional directly , strong or weak or there is no relationship link the phenomena with the wind involving the cognition of meaningful range of the relation between them

الوظيفة السكنية لمدينة الحي : دراسة في جغرافية المدن

Author name: اية هاني موسى العقابي
Supervisor name: جبر عطية جودة المياح
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: The residential Position one of the basic and important jobs in the city and occupy a larger space compared with the Other Land Use, on the grounds that the housing is necessary and essential to the needs of the need for life human.az address the subject of the study (residential function of the City District), as it is a port of one of the important urban centers in the province Wasit, as the city and enjoy the important geographical location connects Wasit province, with the province of DhiQar, the city consists of 14 residential neighborhood has been studied in terms of residential installation, in addition to the study of social and economic dwelling characteristics and also the city's population stood at 79 478 inhabitants and a growth rate of 3.6% , as the city has embraced a religious centers and the shrine of TabiSalehSaeed bin Jubair (RIP), which gave the city an extra significance in terms of religious function. I have been relying on this study, field work (questionnaire) as well as office work, distributed to 14 district Residential for 2013, in order to reach the Court of geographical study pertaining to the subject of the study, and has also been relying on some statistical methods and of the extraction percentages, in addition to the use of EXCEL program to extract some percentages and rates of population growth, as well as the use of tables, maps and forms to get to the information base Find geographicbelong. The research in the four seasons since included the first chapter two sections dealing with the two study natural and human characteristics of the City District and its impact of these factors on the residential function, the second chapter guarantees the four topics as it has been through the review of the morphological stages through which the city since origination 1816 until the present time, With respect to the third quarter, as included on the study of the functional structure of the houses of the living city, and included two sections as eating First research study dwelling unit properties in terms of space, building materials and architectural style, while the second section guarantees the study of social and economic characteristics of the dwelling, as the study showed a clear divergence in the residential installation of houses in the city and on the different morphological stages, as well as the characteristics of those who dwell in terms of the type of profession and the average monthly income disparity, and the number of family members and the type of property and others. While devoted Chapter IV to study the housing problems, including the housing deficit, with the deficit rate for 2013 (6.3%) of the total houses of the city, in addition to the study of other cities problems, as it ensures Chapter Mbgesin first eating problems, while the second section has addressed some of the problems by introducing a set of proposed solutions Ohz and ended Find the conclusions andrecommendations, as the study found that the city has a locus of geographic and well - located, giving it the importance and became a population center of attraction, as it occupied residential function space was (65%) of the total area of the city, in addition to that the city has seen developments in terms of the residential structure and the economic and social side different morphological stages through which the city, which had a clear role in the development and growth of residential function, and finally the study found some of the recommendations, including giving the validity of those responsible to solve the housing problems in the city, in addition to the development of some of the measures that limit the migration from the countryside to the city, and to stop the abuses taking place on the basic design and uses of land and other

مقومات التنمية الزراعية المستدامة في محافظة الانبار == The Components Of Sustainable Agricultural Development At Anbar Governorate

Author name: امنة جبار مطر درويش الدليمي
Supervisor name: محمد دلف احمد الدليمي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Anbar - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: Anbar governorate is the largest governorates in Iraq. Its area is 55878708 sq.m. forming one third of the western part of Iraq. Thus, it has the natural and human components that can contribute to achieve agricultural development, if it is employed in a scientific and deliberate way. The economic basis of the governorate depends mainly on the agricultural sector. The variety of the natural and human components plays an essential role in the variety of the agricultural crops. These components can be utilized to construct a base for sustainable agricultural development at Anbar governorate.The district administrative units are used in the present study due to the largeness of the area of the governorate. The components of the governorate stimulate the researcher to pursue her study, especially the county got through drastic political events that affect negatively the whole agricultural process. Hence agriculture becomes subsidiary profession for citizens as they intend to be appointed at the governmental and administrative establishments.The present study introduces an overview of the natural components (the geological structure, surface levels, climate, soil, and water resources) and their impact upon the sustainable agricultural development, in addition to the human components that give a vivid picture of the aim of the sustainable agricultural development. Population is the means and end of development, what leads to tackle the agricultural state of the governorate with its two branches : crop and animal production. Then, the attitudes of the agricultural development at the governorate the agricultural development and its components at the governorate.Detailed information of the bases of the natural and human sustainable agricultural development, setting the reliable means to promote the agricultural state and achiere the aim of the sustainable agricultural development.

جيومورفولوجية حوض وادي الركاش == Geomorphology Of The Wadi Al - Rkash Basin

Author name: بشرى خليل داخل حسن الشمري
Supervisor name: هالة محمد عبد الرحمن
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الى الكشف عن الخصائص الطبيعية في حوض وادي الركاش والعمليات الجيومورفولوجية السائدة فيه والتعرف على اهم الاشكال الارضية الناتجة عنها وعلاقة هذه الاشكال بوجود الموارد الاقتصادية في المنطقة وامكانية استثمارها.يعد وادي الركاش احد الاودية الموسمي | The study aims at revealing the natural characteristics of the basin of Alrakash Valley and the prevailing geomorphological processes in the basin, as well as identifying the resulting earthly forms with the existence of the economic resources in the area and the possibilities for investment. Alrakash is one of the seasonal Valleys whose water is expensed inside the Western Hills, when its high resources starts from the south Eastern parts of Al Anbar province, heading towards the north east until it meets Tefrawi and Wadi Al Salam Valleys to the right by the salty Valley of Jeffir. Then all forms one valley ends with the Al Razaza Lake in Karbala province. Through studying the geological structure, the valley proved to contain deposits the third and the fourth east, in addition to the existence of cracks and (69) liner structures the affects the stream of valley and its secondary branches. The topographic study revealed that the basin lies in the lower valley area and it was divided into five height categories that may affect the general decline of the area, represented towards north east, which is divided to five decline categories. The old climate left its traces on the formation of the geomorphological visages in the basin, as well as the role of the current climate. The study reveals the characteristics of the mixed gypsum desert soil by taking four samples with structures scope of about very rough to medium smooth with a little organic content, reflecting the density of the natural plant of the area. The number of wells is (21) with variable suitability for usage according to physiological and chemical characteristics. The vegetation coverage is featured for its shortage and variety. represented by being seasonal and perennials. The morphometric characteristics reveal an area of (455) km2, a length of (55.7) km, a width of (8.17), and a perimeter of (174.4) km. this is divided into five sub basin is of (230.6) km2 area, that forms a ratio of (50.7 %) of the total area basin, getting closer to the shape of a triangle. It was the shape coefficient (0.144), The ratio of its circulation is (0.187) and its elongation is (0.432). the basin passes through aging phase throughout its life cycle, when its Hypsometer variable is of (16.765 %), additionally the basin reveals that it is in the sixth stage with a Bifurcation ration of (33.4) and a curve factor of (1.170). The earthly forms resulted from the geomorphological processes varied and categorized according to their seven forms, represented by the structural - even ground forms, the erosion ground forms, the deposit ground forms, the carsick ground forms, the ground forms resulted from the motion of the material, the evaporating ground forms, in addition to the forms resulted from the work of the living creatures. The ground basin is also categorized according to Unsupervised Classification into three ground unites, represented by the water deposit unit, the water erosion flat ground unit and the poor ground unit, accordingly the relationship between the form of the surface, the natural resources is evaluated, in addition to the human activities in the area

التباين المكاني لخصائص التربة في مركز قضاء الصويرة == The Spatial Disparity Of The Soil Characteristics In Al - Sweyra District

Author name: يوسف سامي حاج بازل
Supervisor name: سعد عجيل مبارك الدراجي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to know the spatial variation of the soil in terms of the physical and chemical characteristics and the suitability for the agricultural production. In order to achieve the objective of the study, a space visual scale 50000 : 1, and geological map scale 100000 : 1 and the topographic maps 100000 : 1 were taken to obtain the data from the climate from Al - Kut, Al - Hay, Badra, stations for the period 1982 - 2011.After the termination of the office work, we went to the field for the purpose of observing the area of study and taking samples. 41 sample for the soil were taken, the researcher chooses area samples from different regions of the soil of orchards and the regions of the fodder fields.The study comes up to the following results : 1 - there is a vertical and horizontal characteristics in the soil : textile, structure, colors, real density, porosity, salinity, pH, organic materials, calcium carbon (plaster), calcium sulfate(gypsum).2 - Soil poor with organic materials ranged (%1.5 - 1.74) 3 - the soil suffers from salinity as we went above the Tigris River in the mud. 4 - the value of pH ranged (6.8 - 8.3). The erosion range of soil according to the general equation of the soil losses was assessed. It ranges between (3.6 - 1.5) ton\hectare\year in the shoulders areas while ti ranged between (3.3 - 8.9) ton\hectare\year in the field areas. For the orchard areas, it ranged between (7.1 - 9.9) ton\hectare\year and the bare areas ranged between (3.1 - 16.3) ton\hectare\year. Finally, the classification of the study area by SyS 1980. The lands were classified according to the productivity.

توزيع سكان قضائي حديثة والرطبة : دراسة مقارنة == Distribution Of Population In Haditha And Rutba A Contrastive Study In The Geograophy

Author name: يوسف علي محسن يوسف الفهداوي
Supervisor name: حسين علي عبد محمد الراوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Anbar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis aims at studying the distribution of population of Haditha and Rutba districts : a contrastive study so as to be acquainted with the main factors affecting place and time of the distribution. Haditha district forms 206% of the total area of the governorate which is 137808 km. The center of the district forms 45.8% from the area of the district for the years of census 1997 - 2007 - 2010.This is a small ratio as compared to the whole district area which is 3684 km although the district represents a population size which is 78.3% , 78.2% and 75.2% for the years 1997, 2007 and 2012 respectively in comparison to Rutba district with all its administrative units.This reflected in discrepancy of the population of the area of study. The study reveals that the majority of Haditha inhabitants are concentrating in the administrative units along the Euphrates bonks i.e near the water resources whether surface or ground water.This results in an increase in their ratio in some of the administrative units on the account of other units. Rutba district forms a ratio of 67.8% from the total area for the aforementioned years of census , yet this immense area suffers from the rarity of population due to the rarity of water resources , human and natural abilities and the economical circumstances together with the nature of the desert area as compared to Haditha district which help in the stability of population in this district which is associated with Euphrates. The study falls into four chapters together with the conclusion and suggestions. In the introduction , the problem of the study, purpose, hypothesis , value of the study and approach as well as a definition of the geographical area (geographical site) have been presented. The first chapter deals with the geographical characteristics. It is divided into two sections : the first deals with the natural characteristics which affect the discrepancy of population. These include terrain climate , soil , water resources and natural plant. The second section is concerned with the demographic characteristics represented by population distribution and their growth as far as the two areas are concerned for the years 1997 - 2007 - 2012. It also includes the numerical and relative distribution and the population growth for the areas of study. The second chapter is divided into three sections : the first section deals with the environmental distribution for the areas of the study (urban - rural). The second section deals with the scales of population concentration.It includes the ratio of this concentration and Lorenz, James - Martin formulas. The third section deals with density of population which implemented by numerical, agricultural, rural and productive density. This distribution is represented by maps which facilitate their comparison by sight throughout the use of simple statistical methods. The third chapter deals with the change of population distribution. This is used via various methods such absolute , and relative changes and the change guide. The fourth chapter represents views of the distribution of the population of Haditha and Rutba for the period 2012 - 2021. The study is rounded up with conclusions and recommendations which are thought to be suitable solutions for the possible phenomena especially in Rutba. The researcher arrives at the conclusion that the density of Haditha population is a result of its situation represented by the Euphrates which helps in the linear spread of population along its banks together with the concentration of social , economical , and administrative establishments. Thus it occupies highest ratios of services for the population as compared to Rutba which lacks such services. This is passively reflected in the population distribution. The study recommends putting a plan to establish population complexes with reasonable distances so as to find a kind of equilibrium between the population and the total area occupied by Rutba district.

مظاهر تصحر المواقع الاثرية في محافظة ذي قار واثاره البيئية باستخدام التقنيات الجغرافية == Archaeological Manifestations Of Desertification In Thi Qar Province And Environmental Effects Of Using Geographic Techniques

Author name: امل حسين علي الموسوي
Supervisor name: رحيم حميد عبد ثامر العبدان
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The study entitled (Archaeological Desertification in Thi - Qar Governorate and its Impact on Environment) deals with the influence of archaeological sites in initiating and increasing different shapes of desertification in the area under study. Nine archaeological sites are chosen which are the most important and the biggest archaeological cities in the governorate including ' Larsa, Ur, Eridu, Tal Allaham, Umma, Um Alaqarib, Karsu, Tal Alhabaa, Zarghal ' in which this phenomenon will be investigated. By topography and satellite visuals, it is shown that in these cities which are towns, hills, highlands and sedimentary remnants play a great role, with the help of other human and geomorphological factors, in initiating and increasing desertification directly or indirectly. Among such factors is the geological structure and climatic factors such as high temperature in most months, a matter which causes evaporation. In addition to the few quantities of rains and long periods of drought cause the remnants in the area under study of low moisture content and then disjointed. Besides, other important factors have negative impact on these sites including : the elevations of archaeological sites, the physical and chemical properties of the soil, fewness of natural plant, wrong customs followed in agriculture, rareness of fenders and overgrazing. All these have roles in the ability of soil erosion, forming sand dunes and soil salinity which in turn lead to desertification.Moreover, the study covers the determination of the overall current geomorphological processes in the area of study which serves to crumble building materials and then changing these cities from castles, temples and ziggurats into heaps or remnants. These processes involve erosion, deposition, weathering, landslides and evaporation. All natural and human factors have roles in activating these processes which help desertification shapes such as : erosion of soil remnants and forming sand dunes, soil salinity, soil hardness and dust storms.Shapes of desertification are categorized into four categories : soil erosion (water and wind), sand dunes, dust storms, soil salinity and its waterlogging. All of them fall within severe desertification. The study also shows that there is temporal and spatial difference in the quantity of particles that wind remove from the surface of these cities according to the capacity of the climatic nature of the area. These two variables are the most important ones that govern the degree of windy erosion that forms sand dunes. On the contrary, this process disappears through rainy months, but increases gradually in drought period. Moreover, the study proves that the soil of the area is of high salinity and non - alkaline according to the American lab of salinity, and the spread of sand in the area.In addition, the negative impact of these shapes in the area and its spread to adjacent areas such as farmlands, irrigation canals, archaeological and tourist sites and transport ways. These are accompanied with increasing amounts of dust with different types. Consequently, these affect the civil life through causing respiratory system diseases, namely asthma, allergy and eye diseases. The study suggests the best ways of limiting the environmental impact in the current time and in future.

العلاقات الاقليمية للمستوطنات الريفية في ناحية السوير وسبل تنميتها : دراسة في جغرافية الريف == Regional Relations Of The Rural Settlements In The Alsuwair District And Ways Of Its Development (A Study Of Rural Geography)

Author name: حسين علي صاحب
Supervisor name: حبيب راضي طلفاح الدليمي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: خلصت دراسة العلاقات الاقليمية للمستوطنات الريفية في ناحية السوير في ضوء المعايير المعتمدة بان هناك علاقات اقتصادية وخدمية متنوعة سلطت الضوء على قوة علاقات بعض المستوطنات وضعف الاخر منها، وهو امر يتيح للباحث الجغرافي والمخطط الريفي مفاتيح مهمة تحدد سبل تنم | The study found that rural settlements in alsuwair district varied regional economic relations and service, which is helping geographical researcher planned to identify ways to develop spatially, The study found the correctness of Research Hypothesis wihch based on the diversity of regional relations between rural settlements in the study area and in the following manner : 1 - The natural ingredients such as geographic location, climate and water resources and surface soil, and human, such as population size and growth of the geographical distribution of the population, and projects and irrigation methods and other character distinct lets provided strength characterize some rural settlements where and earn power in regional relations, especially near urban centers and rural settlements and adjacent to rivers and fertile soil of sedimentary.The study found that (%44.7) of the total employees practiced agricultural activity, and is a farm income ratio (%45.8) of the total economic entered into, and that means the predominance of agricultural activity on the rest of the economic activities.It also showed that (%35.5) of the marketers of agricultural products turned towards the city of Samawah, while Turn (%34.5) of them toward the administrative center, and was heading ratios toward AL - Khuder and AL - Warka (%4.5,%25.6) of the total marketers of agricultural products to urban centers on the respectively.And displayed (%56.60) of the total self settlements perfusion, while (43.40)% of them have relied on others to get watering and irrigation water, and emerged (%58.49) of the approved settlements on the same access to agricultural mechanization, and (%41.51) of them have relied on other settlements in access to agricultural mechanization.As varied importance of pastoral regional relations rural settlements in the study area, some of which are characterized by regional relations pastoral distinct, like Nasser elaaj and Kareem Sadkhan and Hammadi and Hillel settlements and Al - Tadhhiea, etc., While decreased importance of the pastoral relations in agricultural and regional ties, such as settlements Al - Hamraa walKhomas, and Aelchenibrh and Alroydhi and others.2 - study showed the relative importance of industrial activity, with occupancy rate of (%5.2) of the total workers in economic activities, and the ratio of (%19.8) of the total cash in, and emerged the highest workers in North bodies ratios where the Alshainn settlement, while the highest rates appeared commercial access in the north - eastern and northern sides, where settlements of Aldabaal, and Almajoon walmalt , Kazem Salem, and Alamaal walhodeidah.Depending on the direction of movement of industrial products, industrial relations strong settlements north side with the elimination of Warka, the East with the AL - Khuder destrict, while the direction of the movement of industrial goods in the western and southwestern settlements towards the AL - Samawah district , and increase industrial relations with alsuwair district center as we head towards the central sides of the study area.And varied areas of industrial use, among others the study area, as appeared in the Aradhi abu mahar wal elchenblana Wal roaieia reaching 1200 m2, while the back of the least in Al - Zrijiah and Abu tebeekh and Hor Ziad, it did not exceed 100 m2.3 - study showed the importance of commercial activity, economic activity helps people to improve their living conditions, which showed employees ratios (5.6)% of the total workers in various economic activities, and the form of business income ratio of (18)% of the total entry of economic events in the study area, and appeared higher staff ratios in the northern authorities where the settlement Alsehainn, while the highest rates appeared commercial entry in the northeastern and northern sides, where settlements of Aldabaal, and Almajoon walmalt , Kazem Salem, and Alamaal walhodeidah.A trend most of the population of western and southern areas around the city of Samawah for the purpose of trade, while most of the northern settlements population moved Al - Warka district, either settlements south - eastern sections, namely population of Alskaf walkhninih settlements moved towards AL - Khuder destrict.It turns out that the size of the area of commercial use depends on the population size mainly, reaching the proportion of the population of the provinces of the first category (46)% and second (35)%, while the third (16)% of the total population of the study area.4 - The regional relations services for the education and health services grabbed a study the direction of the movement of people to urban centers to get those services, appeared Direction for most people in the northern provinces settlements towards the elimination of Al - Warka, and residents of the central provinces settlements around alsuwair district center, while the population of the western provinces and southwestern settlements turn towards Al - Samawah district, and the proportion of the population of the eastern provinces of eastern and southern settlements moved to AL - Khuder destrict.The study showed the geographical distribution of religious services provided by rural settlements contrast to each other, which were distributed in eight mattresses spearheaded Alkuam settlement in the central sides, for providing religious services to all settlements in the study area, while appeared in the western and southern sides settlements of Alroydhi and Farhan Mohsen and Besateen Aldora ranked the last.5 - The rural settlements in alsuwair district suffers from a distinct lack of provision of basic services, despite the fact that there are settlements where available (7 - 5) services but does not meet the needs of the population, as the number of such settlements is only accounted for seven of (13.21) % of total settlements, while the rest of the settlements, however, are suffering clearly from the deterioration of services in quantity and quality, where most of them provide the (4 - 2) Services and total(46) rural settlements form (86.79) % of the total settlements, and this will reflect negatively on the economic and social role of the population in the study area.6 - The study is based on the findings of the regional economic and service relationships in determining the ways of development that would advancement of rural economic and service settlements.

الانتخابات البرلمانية في ايران بعد عام 1979م : دراسة تحليلية في الجغرافية السياسية == The Parliament Elections In Iran After 1979 An Analytic Study Political Geography

Author name: هادي كعيم جلان
Supervisor name: حميد ياسرعبد الحسين الياسري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geopolitics
Degree: Master
University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: ان الديمقراطية والانتخابات اصبحتا حقلا معرفيا سياسيا وممارسة عملية لها اليات ومراحل انجبت نظم حكم سياسية بخصوصيات تستند على خلفيات وارث تاريخي وثقافي واجتماعي اتخذت منه الجغرافية السياسية موضوعا دراسيا تطبيقيا كونه نشاطا وسلوكا بشريا يتاثر بالقرارات والاف | The democracy and the elections become a political gnostic right and a practical exertion which have tools and stages gave birth of political regimes with particulars braced on the backgrounds and the historical, cultural and social heritage that the Geopolitics considered it as an applicable study subject since it is an action and a human behavior can be affected by the decisions, actions and the strategic plans of the state, and the concluded results. One of these political activities is the study subject.The parliament electoral experiment of Iran is considered as a phenomenon for the political change which took place after the Islamic revolt in 1979 A.C., and the transforming of policy toward the democratic system was decided by the constitution of the state that people have voted on in 1980. The start of forming the enactment elections of the Islamic consultation council was the study core which represented as a political act, did not depend on one motivation alternative but it is an intersecting state stimulating in it many human and natural factors. Some of them are interior and the others are foreign that the volition of the elector are faced by to choose the legislative authority which represents his choice.So, Geopolitics has a basic role in the analytic study of this exertion paths within the political Islamic spatial environment with different effects. Time played in this process as a main factor in polishing the democratic form under the religious reference authority of the state of Faqih which adds its legality to the participated political parties in the elections and excludes the ones who intersects with the religious reference.Therefore, the political plans of the legislative elections are changed since the first circle till the ninth. Political parties were formed and some of them were absent and away from the political scene. However; most of these parties are religious, they have different ideologies.Each electoral circle has circumstances that form paths of the political work and behavior of the candidate and the voter which find variations among the electoral circles and among the provinces. As a result of all this, two political associations have given birth. They are the conservatives and the reformists. Each one of them has political supporters having parties and audiences that attract the political area in the Iranian state

دور مصر في النظام الشرق اوسطي وافاقه المستقبلية : دراسة في الجغرافيا السياسية

Author name: اعياد عبد الرضا عبد ال
Supervisor name: سعدون شلال ظاهر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الخصائص الجيومورفولوجية لمجرى نهري الكحلاء والمشرح واثرهما على النشاطات البشرية == Geomorphologial Characteristics Of The Course Of Rivers Al - Kahla And Al - Msherah In Maysan Province And Its Impact On Human Activities

Author name: اشواق عبد الكريم حاتم
Supervisor name: عبد الرزاق محمد البطيحي | اسامة خزعل الشريفي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة نهري الكحلاء والمشرح اللذان يمثلا احد الفروع الرئيسة المتفرعة من الجانب الايسر لنهر دجلة ضمن محافظة ميسان، بطول (59) كم لنهر الكحلاء الذي اتخذ اتجاها جنوبي شرقي في جريانه ,واتجاها شرقيا في جريان نهر المشرح وبطول(56كم)،بهدف دراسة خصائص الع | The study addressed the rivers Al - kahlaa and Al - Musharah which represent one of the main branches branching from the left side of the Tigris River within the province of Maysan, a length of 59 km of the river Al - kahla which was taken Southeastern trend in flowing. And oriental trend in the flow of the river Al - Musharah and a length (56 km) the aim of study geomorphological processes prevailing characteristics in the longitudinal sections of the two rivers and identify natural and human factors affecting the activity and work, To highlight its role in the formation of ground features and detected trends geomorphological changes in the flow of rivers and determine the impact of an extension and its evolution the various human activities. The study focused on the field reconnaissance of natural and human factors that affect the functioning of geomorphological processes and identified the causes that led to the fork of the Tigris River from his left side to two branches, The study proved that the geological characteristics of the installation the formative besides regressions morphologies characteristics are responsible for the existence of branches of the Tigris River, because the area constitute a the rivers are lower stream of approximately (3 - 1 m) and represent a natural direction for Land depth, according to Country data flow of the Tigris River water Because rivers Al - kahlaa and Al - Musharah are identical in the direction of flow with the direction of the flow of the Tigris River, and a repeat of flooding in this direction has produced an outlet watery continuously toward the two rivers causing it to the formation of such a course, and especially that the configurations being the rivers are depositions disassembled little of resistance to erosion processes and removal by the flood waves the increase in water season, This is proven by the hydrological study, which showed that the increase in water Al - kahlaa River system follows the natural state of water in the rivers to increase starting in January until the month of May at an annual rate (70 m3 / s), Al - Musharah river human interventions have shown by bridging Amara and rhyming Al - Musharah control evident in the amount the drain by a large margin for Al - Musharah River as it reached the peak of discharge of during the month of May annual rate (17.7 m3 / s) And that this period represents the duty cycle geomorphological and soil erosion or earthmoving work in this stream and then discharges decline starts to begin the two rivers new phase represents a period of low water levels and a weak output and business activity geomorphological the sedimentary and this period is between July until the end of the month of December, Was it studied soil characteristics to identify the their physical properties to determine the extent of its response to the operations geomorphological the existence of a close correlation between the severity of erosion and soil type spun relationship because the soil, the less the content of the muds become less resistant erosion and this factor is very important to explain the disparity in the dredging activity and erosion between the part and the last of stream river and through laboratory analysis of samples of river banks show that the soil mix overcome it alluvials mud, The island's soil has the results of laboratory analysis showed it's completely different in their webs from the banks of the soil as it is of a very high content of sandy soil compared to banks, as it was found to contain a proportion of sands ranging between (70 - 54%) So it is with a soil mixture sandy, well considered human activities of the factors influencing the hydrological and dynamic water in the stream and thus appeared to her reflections on the activity of geomorphological dredging and the sedimentary processes and represented agricultural activity, irrigation, animal husbandry and the activities of the civil rights of (dams and head regulators, roads and bridges), which was a larger role through the its pillars, which occupy a large space of the stream and facing water flowing, which had a role in the revitalization of aqueous deposition stream, The dams and head regulators it may larger role in controlling the hydrological system represented water quantity and discharges and this was reflected on the activity of drift and the sedimentary before the water regulator and several as it has been monitoring the activity even after regulator the output speed and high the troubled water flowing from the regulator, as the increase in stream capacity after regulator (10m) Activity drifting stream capacity is not restricted, but it has spread to affect the depth of the stream, with the increase in the depth of the stream after the regulator (2) m for the same reasons, a high apocenosis and turbulence of the water. Study geomorphological processes focused on the analysis of topographic maps and aerial photos and visual space, along with the field survey has been withdrawn different water samples "the temporal and the spatial" analyzed the laboratory to measure the concentration of loads (soluble, plankton and benthic), Show that the concentration soluble load inversely proportional to the quantity of water and discharges of water in the river that is, they declining in the water increase season and rise in water scarcity season, And also containing ions are of positive and negative such as calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in varying proportions content in time and space and the total content makes the water are invalid to drink human according to Global and Iraqi specifications but are valid for irrigation and for all crops and plants. As for payload plankton were measured for calculating on the ground using a device being discharged (Home Made Tools) Show that the highest proportion of the load of plankton measured against the near the surface of the water and diminishing vertically towards the bottom of this is due to the liberation of surface currents and speed that exceed the speed of currents beneath them as evidenced by field measurements ranged discharge loads plankton speed in Al - kahlaa River between (1, 31 - 1,1 kg / s) and ranged quantity (140, 30 mg / l) in the measurement range, (A) near the water's surface, As for Al - Musharah River has a load ranged from plankton (1508 - 67 mg / L) within the measurement range of the near surface As for A discharge load plankton speed ranged between (12.7 - 0.9 kg / s).It was measured benthic load device (Bed Load Transport meter Type Arnhem) for monitoring the movement of sediments every half an hour was the amount of the load of the river bottom Al - kahlaa ranged between (2521.8 - 583.4 tons / year), while ranged in Al - Musharah River (17277.5 - 1003.9tons / year). Was characterized by the processes of sculpture and deposition with varying their activities where he showed the field of measurement and using a topographical map for the year (1980) and the visual space of the year (2013) by measuring the (229) points on the two rivers by 119 measuring points of the River Al - kahlaa and (110) measuring point of the River Al - Musharah Audited measurement on the ground for 10 points, Confirmed the measurements made to (42) points, I noticed a sculptural activity in Al - kahlaa River and 10 points have confirmed the presence Activity sculptural in Al - Musharah River and what remains of the points confirmed the existence of Activity sedimentary which means sovereignty Activity deposition process is clearly on the course of the two rivers. The study focused on the survey and analysis of the morphology of the Stream bed by a device (ADCP) to determine the geomorphological work directions and points of impact in the stream, Has been longitudinal sections and occasional Drawing of two rivers and their branches by 390 measuring points were identified to measure its dimensions and characteristics of the future and their impact, by checking out the space visuals and modern topographic maps and field surveys indicate the presence of multiple river manifestations such as cornering the river where they were monitored (37) turn and twisting and carrot river (9 guestrooms) and tongues fluvial (river banks of the updated) of (19) of the tongue has been measured dimensions and determine the factors responsible for the its formation, The study revealed a river delta of the River Al - kahlaa shaped my finger (foot the bird) were quantified lengths of the branches and the plains of the delta area and the rate of decline of the delta plains and the direction of the gradient. It resulted in the total hydrological changes and geomorphological during the period (1980 to 2013) of the establishment of the helm Amara and head regulators Al - kahlaa and Al - Musharah and pounded the old dam (1992), a series of fundamental changes in the geomorphological status of stream and the impact of natural and human factors, and that left the various its effects and visible fingerprints in the dimensional morphological manifestations ground in the two rivers.

الخصائص المناخية للاقاليم التضاريسية في الجزيرة والهضبة الغربية للعراق == The Climatic Features Of The Terrain Region In The Peninsula And The Western Plateau Of Iraq

Author name: اسيل موفق محمد الطائي
Supervisor name: سالار علي خضر الدزيي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The climatic features are only a group of exchangeable relations between the elements that shape them. This study is carried out to seek for the features and traits of the terrain regions of the peninsula, represented by the upper and lower islands, and the western plateau represented by the upper valleys, the rocks and the pattering.The researcher relied in this study on the stations of the terrain regions constructing the area under study. This includes Al - Mousil and sinjar's stations, representing the upper islands' region, Baji's station representing the lower islands' region Al - Rutbah station representing the upper valley's region. Al - Ruwayshid station representing the Hamadah region, and the stations of Anah, Hadithah and Al - Najaf are representing the region of the lower valleys. As for the stations of Al - Nikhaib and Al - Salman, those represent the rocks' region, and for the station of Al - Bassiyah and Al - Theebah, they represent the plattering region.It has been clarified through this study that these region are characterized by a diversity in their topography and in their natural phenomena, and this led to the variations happening in the climatic features of each in the area under study. This has been made obvious by shedding the light on the analysis of the climatic elements (normal temperature, the macro temperature, the micro temperature, wind speed, the relative humidity and rain) of the stations consisting the area under study. Through two study it has also been identified the type of the climate in each of these terrain's regions and this is done by using the climatic classifications as Borisor's classification of identifying thecontinental temperature, Curner's equation of identifying the ocean temperature, Tom's equation of knowing the rate of the climatic comfort for each season (winter, spring, summer and autumn), Lang's criterion to identify the dry region, and finally cobin's classification. The variation coefficient has been used to know the ranging of the climatic elements from one year to another, and to know, also, the climatic characteristics of the regions consisting the area under study.The statistical relation have been used between the surface layers of the area under study, and the climatic elements by using the T - test and correlation coefficient through finding the relations between the light of the stations related the regions of the area under study and their climatic elements.It has also been shown through this study that the high - temperature regions, of the area under study, take the shape of parallel ranges. In this way, Al - Hamada region and the pattering region appeared within a single temperature class, while the regions of the upper islands and the lower islands and of the upper valleys have shown themselves within two different temperature classes. As for the regions of the lower valleys and the rocks, they appeared within three temperature classes. It has also been clarified that the pattering region recorded the highest averages of the macro temperature amongst all the regions consisting the area under study, while the region of the upper islands recorded the lowest ones. Concerning the micro temperature, Al - ltamadah region and the pattering region were both occurring within a single temperature class, while the region of the rocks and the upper valleys were includedwithin two temperature classes, while the other regions, that are the upper islands, the lower islands and the lower valleys, were found within three temperature classes.Fur the more, it has been made obvious through this study that the regions of pattering and of the rocks are the most terrain regions having high wind speed, while the least regions in their wind speed are of Al - Hamadah, of the lower islands and of the upper valleys. Also, it has been clarified that Al - Mousil station is the only one in the area under study that has a normal average of the relative humidity, while in the other stations the relative humidity is absent; these stations proved to be dry. Further, for the amount of the annual falling rains, it decreases as much as the direction is for the north, moving away from the south of the area under study.Also, it is shown in two studies that the area is characterized by a continental climate and this is due to its being for away from the bodies of water, adding to this, is the diversity (variation) in the temperature averages between winter and summer in the area under study. Also, the ocean temperature increases in the north and the western parts of the area and decreases in its other parts. It has been made obvious that the climatic comfort in the area under study is ideal in the two seasons of spring and autumn, while in winter and summer there is no climatic comfort. Also, it is clarified that the stations of Al - Mousil and sinjar are characterized by a dry climate while the other stations have an excessively dry climate according to Lang's classification. Also , the terrainregions in two area are identified as dry regions according to cobia's classification.According to this study, it has been shown that the variation coefficient varies between one region and another in respect to the wind speed and rain amount, while this same coefficient does not show that diversity between one region and another in respect to the other climatic elements (as the normal temperature, macro temperature , micro temperature and relative humidity). It is also clarified that the correlative relation (person's) between the height of the stations above the sea level, and the climatic elements in the area under study (as the normal temperature, macro temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and rain) is an inverse relation except for the rain amount for it is a direct relation, yet it is a weak direct relation. As for the relation of the height of the terrain regions above the sea level with the climatic element, it is an inverse relation, but it ranges from strony, medium to weak.

التركيب التعليمي لسكان محافظة بغداد للمدة 1997 - 2013 == The Educational Structure To The Population In Baghdad Province

Author name: اسيل ابراهيم طالب
Supervisor name: صلاح محسن جاسم
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على التركيب التعليمي لسكان محافظة بغداد، ومعرفة مدى الارتباط الجغرافي بين السكان والعوامل الديموغرافية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والثقافية، وتحديد تباين التركيب التعليمي من وحدة ادارية الى اخرى وتوزيعه بصورة علمية جغرافية تتضمن الربط | The present study aims at knowing the educational structure of Baghdad province , and the geographic correlation between the population and the demographic, economic, social and cultural factors. It also aims at determining the variance of educational structure from one educational unit to another for the period 1997 - 2013, and to know the change that was made on that structure through the educational unit which was provided. It also tackles the changes that were made on the level of education as a result of the economic sanctions which Iraq goes through as well as the change that took. A high rate begins the more the level is advanced to high levels it declines gradually for different stages. Also, the variation in the gender, environment and the age section. We depended on the data issued by the Ministry of Planning and Education. The study showed a positive development has occurred in the primary, secondary and university as well as postgraduate education services with an increase in the number of students and their growth for the period 1997 - 1998\2013 - 2014. There is also a variance in the admission of male students in comparison with female ones. The study also shows a decline in the educational level following gender, and especially female students in comparison with males the period 1997 - 1998\2013 - 2014 due to sociological factors and the traditions and the cultural costumes deep rooted in the governorate of Baghdad. Most families, especially in the suburbs of Baghdad, try to prevent the admission of females to education after 2003. There is also a variance in the rate of educated individuals between the urban and rural areas for the concentration of the educational centers in the urban centers. The study also shows that there are a group of variables effecting the spatial distribution of the education. The household income is specified as the most important variable affecting education and also the situation in which Iraq has gone through in the course of education as a result of the population increase. Through the application of the standard degree and the use of SPSS package. When using the factorial analysis method it appease that the sum of all these affecting factors which explained (%95) out of the total variation of the variables which were inserted in the program the most important of which is the monthly household income (Iraqi dinar) and the parent level of education , and the instability of the security situation. There is variation between the other variables.

التباين المكاني للحوادث المرورية في قضاء الكرخ == The Spatial Variance For The Traffic Accidents In Alkarhh Province

Author name: اسماء دهـش محـمـد
Supervisor name: جمال حامد رشيد الدليمي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان الانتقال من مكان الى اخر هو ضرورة حياتية لاغنى للانسان عنها , وان هذا الانتقال يتم في الغالب عن طريق مركبة يقودها الانسان في ظل حركة مرورية بالغة التعقيد والازدحام , لذلك اصبحت حركة الانسان ماشيا اوراكبا محفوفة بالمخاطر والمتمثلة بالحوادث المرورية التي | The transportation from one place to another is an indispensible fact. This movement is done mostly via a vehicle driven by human in a very complex traffic movement and congestions. Therefore, the movement of man whether pedestrian or riding vehicle is one of the most serious problems that are faced by the modern societies for the economic, social they inflict as well as the waste of the human and material resources. The province of Alkarkh suffers from high rates of traffic accidents as it is part of the center of Baghdad, in addition to being an entrance for most of the southern governorates. This will result increase the density of the traffic movement in a manner not consistent with the capability of the streets to comprehend that number of cars. That led to the great number of traffic congestion and traffic jam. Also, the big number of checkpoints spreading in the streets is a result of the accidents. Hence, the aim of the study is know the size of the traffic accident problem in the province and determine the degree of danger through classification, analysis and following the statistics related to various types, and to know the most dominant types, so that we can realize the most outstanding location in which accidents occur. This is because the scientific and subjective realization of the spatial distribution and its time - based trends is regarded as application contribution to know the effects resulting from traffic accidents and the followed procedures to stop them. The study comes up to a group of findings such as : • The number of traffic accidents is increasing in the period of study (2006 - 2015). The highest level was in 2015 in (382) traffic accidents out of the total number of traffic accidents (3064) accidents. • It was clear from the study that numerous natural and human causes lurk behind the traffic accidents. However, the basic elements causing them are man (the user of road), the vehicle, the road, but man with his negligence and violation of the traffic rules is considered the main reason behind the traffic accidents, especially the driver. The percentage of (%49.3) out of the total number of accidents are caused by men, whereas the pedestrians, vehicle and the road caused (%9.9, %22.6, %11.7) of the traffic accidents respectively. • The variables (population size, number of cars, climatic elements) are shown to have effect in traffic accidents. However, the most effective of these variables were (population size, number of cars) in the province. • The study affirms that the problem of traffic accidents has a big economic and social dimension. It has a clear influence on the national GDP, as it is clear in the cost of these traffic accidents (22038000) $ during the period of study(2006 - 2015).• The weak procedures followed to stop the traffic accidents whether related with the traffic awareness, or the geometric dimensions of the roads and the cars, the sanitary, social factors and the governmental politics

التحليل الجغرافي لكفاءة خدمات البنى التحتية في محافظة الانبار == Geographical Analysis Of The Efficiency Of Infrastructure Services In Anbar Province

Author name: احمد محمود علي احمد الحرداني
Supervisor name: مشعل فيصل غضيب المولى
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Anbar - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: The significance of studying the infrastructure utilities comes from its being the basic factor of the structural centers and human settlements. Besides to its effects , positively , in the growing of the movement of the people inside these settlements. Moreover , infrastructures are considered one of the main elements of housing and one of the important and vital subjects which are related to the ability of the planner and the executor alike while on executing the proposed plans and evaluating them regularly so as to get the results that help bridging the gaps and coming up with the scientific development.This study (The Geographic Analysis of the Capacity and Levels of the Infrastructure in Anbar Province) Limits its subject in studying the reality and the levels of the infrastructure utilities However , the hypotheses of thee study were hypothecated according to the problem of the falling of the levels of the infrastructure for the population of Anbar. we had searched the reasons and made database explained in maps and daters so that we can give a scientific vision to overcome the obstacles and the problems of the low capacities of these utilities The study depended on the inductive , deductive and field survey styles and an analysis in the form of the questionnaire which was given to a sample of people throughout Anbar province according to the milieu they live in.The study concluded many results. The most important ones of these results are the quality, quantity and coverage of the utilities indicating that there is a state of ignoring the schematic criteria in most of the results of the hypothetical analyses. The general average of the area of the roads was (286.7km. length for each 1000 people). All these roads are under the world schematic criterion. It was found out that %69.1 of people are benefited from the drinkable water, %71.5 of them are urban and %67 are rural. In turn of this the pre capita of the produced drinkable water is 250 liters a day the urban and 48 liters a day for the rural population. However , there is a disability to meet the needs of the province in the drainage, gargoyle and the electrical system throughout the province. The reflects a state of depravation in varied levels among the indications of the infrastructures that show a dropping in the capacity of the provided utilities.In constructing any infrastructure - utility project, a clear strategy has to be taken into consideration. This strategy, a clear strategy depends on comporting with reality by using the suitable schematic criteria for arriving the amid purposes. In addition to the co - ordination among the utilities of the infrastructure to unify the data among the rules of the in infrastructure utilities for future purposes. This helps forming greater activity in the plans of development and in taking the best decisions

اثر موقع واتجاه محور الاخدود وارتفاعه في شدة المنخفضات الجبهوية في العراق == Effect Site And Direction Trough Axis And Height In Severity Frontal Depressions In Iraq

Author name: احمد ماجد عباس الجبوري
Supervisor name: يوسف محمد علي حاتم الهذال
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Aim of the study in the search for effect of site and direction of axis of the trough and a height in intensity frontal depression in Iraq , in order to find out after more sites and trends axis trough of other , as it was relying on it on the analysis of weather maps daily compared to basis standard rain that was extracted by using equation of the standard deviation , and from which reached into three categories rain (above average and close of it and without it) , this was dependent the data rain daily period (1995 - 2008) for two observations (00) GMT and (1200) GMT , besides the analysis of weather maps that locked within three , the level (500) mille bar to locate the direction of axis of the trough , level of (1000) mille bar to select type of the frontal system , the level (850) mille bar it has been approved to determine the depth of the frontal system. Has been shown by the product of the study that Iraq is affected by three sites of troughs , the first site trough western and the location west of Iraq , the second site trough above the study area and this type of websites that cover the study area fully to almost the entire , as for the third is the site trough the east and the location of the east of Iraq , as to the direction of axis of the trough has appeared also three axes : the first axis of the trough north - south (vertical) , the second axis northeastern - southwestern(lying down on the right) , the third axis northwest - southeastern (lying down of the left). During the reached concluded that the site trough western (west Iraq) was the most locations influential in frontal depression accompanied by category rain over the average , interpreted so that Iraq is the bottom of the arm of the rising the trough prevails operations escalation antenna formed frontal depression surface , it also shows that the axis of the trough north - south (vertical) is the other also more hubs trough influential in frontal depression , because of the distance short broken of pole to tropical and gets amendment to the characteristics of the block airway or might be modified little , more over it became high trough its effect on the amount of rain falling , as the appeared trough analysis weather maps daily for high trough rise in the month of October November April and May , increasingly height in observation (1200) GMT with him in the (00) GMT , often accompanied by close of rain and without the rain , drop high during the winter of November , January and February , drop high observation (1200) GMT with him in the (00) GMT the result of the control of the block aerobic polar and deepen the trough often accompanied by category rain over the average. This is influenced by Iraq kinds many of frontal depression deep an shallow of Mediterranean low , Sudanese and integrated low , as it has been through search repeating this depression reached the presence of an increase in the frequency and Sudanese low the record ranked first frequently by analyzing the weather maps , accompanied by category rain above average and close of it and without it , according to the analysis rain data , comes the med - low to score a second place , and integrated rank the third and final. As demonstrated the study using methods statistical , according to what showed the result of the coefficient of person correlation between the site and direction of axis trough and the frontal depression and the relationship rain over the rate and close of it , indicated the presence of relationship link centrifugal strong the rain over the rate and site trough western , and weak to medium with sit trough above the study of area also the case from the rain close to rate , the relationship between the rain and direction of axis of the trough the back of a relationship link centrifugal intermediate between the rain over the rate and close of the amended with the axis of the trough north - south (vertical) and axis northeastern - southwestern (italic left ( , centrifugal weak with axis trough northwest - southeastern (italic right

الخصائص الطبيعية والاقتصادية الاجتماعية لمدينة خان بني سعد == The Natural, Socio - Economical Characteristics Of Khan Bani Saad City

Author name: احمد كريم ناصر الساعدي
Supervisor name: محمد علي مرزا
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The essence of this thesis is summarized in the discussion and analysis of internal structure of Bani Saad city, or the so - called the urban land use. This city has been chosen for the size of its population (29.9) thousand person, and its total area1000 hectares, in addition to being one of the satellite cities of Baghdad even though it is a center of the province affiliated to Baquba district of Diyala Governorate.Since land uses represent the basic element in the economies of land uses, which is a product of the interaction of the natural features of the position and location of the city that give indication of the available sources on those two levels on one side and the populations of the city in terms on demographic growth and their social and economic other hand, and the reflection on their attitudes and behavior and their intellectual tendencies.Therefore the thesis includes an analysis of these two aspects and their by the uses of the land inside the city. According to those trends, the research perspective has become combined in a net of relations with mutual effect and influences in the formation of the environmental system of the city.The research has also been directed towards the study of a series of the operations of alteration in the city through analysis of the morphological stages.The conscious study required depending on the use of methods and scientific curriculum and the realization of some of the concepts and theoretical thoughts for the surprise of analysis interpretation and conclusion in the first chapter.The study was supported with tables, diagrams, figures, maps and images of the direct field surveys, the study comes up to the diagnosing of the land uses, their features and spatial distribution, in addition to evaluation in accordance with the population requirements and needs. The study also presents the suggestions for the means and procedures to the treatment of the shortages and weakness in the city so that it becomes a city of healthy environment for living, work and entertainment. Consequently, it may become a center of luminance and affection in the future.

مقومات القوة الصينية والتوازن الاقليمي في اسيا == Elements Of Chinese Regional Power Balance In Asia

Author name: احمد رعد رمضان الخزاعي
Supervisor name: شيماء محمد جواد الجبوري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يتفق معظم الباحثين في مجال الجغرافية السياسية على ان الدولة هي اشهر الظاهرات السياسية الموجودة على خريطة العالم، وتخضع الدراسة الحالية الى تحليل جوانب الصين من الناحية الطبيعية والبشرية والاقتصادية، والوقوف على نقاط القوة والضعف في كيان هذه الدولة، وباختص | Most researchers agree in the geo - political area that the state is months of political phenomena on the world map, and subject to the current study to analyze aspects of China of natural, human and economic terms, and stand on the strengths and weaknesses in the entity of this state, in short, the present study was concerned with studying China strength and the importance of such a force on the regional and international levels and their impact on the state's power levels, and meant this study was to know the international balances that are part of the geo - political, concerned with the study of geographical conditions and its dealings with the international system through three mechanisms, namely, (integration, change and isolation), and through the application of this category to China, we find that it is heading in terms of integration, China is linked to working within the current system of rules in the world, and China accept the main basis of the international system in today's world, and that does not mean she does not prefer the change in international politics, it rejects hegemony of the United States of America and its interference in the Taiwan issue, and that the growing power of China has been invited to impose its hegemony on the regional level, the growth of China from a weak state of the third world to a strong state and a more well - being of its population led to strict foreign policy, and see China today in its relationship with the outside world is moving towards the principle of insurance needs energy and strategic minerals that support the growing level of living standards for a large number of the population, representing almost fifth of the world's population, as China has become, thanks to its continuous growing on the international and regional arena of the main distinguishing features for beyond the end of bipolarity China is the highest growth rates of its kind in the world and strategic weight at the regional and international level flying towards modernization and military institutions of higher population density and its cultural heritage, historical and cultural great, it has become a place of various think tanks and academic institutions specialized care throughout the world. The population (the human element) moving a vital factor in political unity, as well as increasing their importance, it is associated Bhgmehm distribution and their composition and national feelings of ethnic, social and Ansjammehm, and this factor is the essence of power in the state unless it is linked to the economic, political and military - inspiring.

تاثير المناخ في المقنن المائي لمحصول البطاطا في محافظات بغداد وبابل وواسط == Climate Impact In Water Rated For Potato Crop In The Governorate Of Baghdad , Babylon And Wassit

Author name: ابراهيم عبد شندي الساعدي
Supervisor name: سلام هاتف احمد الجبوري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study tackles the effect of elements of the climate in the water rated for potato crop in the governorate of Baghdad , Babylon and Wassit as it represented the main question the study the problem revolves around Are elements of the climate impact in the watery rated for the potato crop in the governorate of Baghdad, Babylon and Wassit ? The hypothesis has been fired from that represented an answer that there are elements of the climate impact in the area of the study in the net water rated for the season potato crop growth ( spring and autumn ).The study demonstrated existence of potential climatic climate in the area of the study are compatible with the climatic requirements for the cultivation of the potato crop made it occupies the forefront in terms of cultivated area , production and average yield , The study demonstrated existence of the change indicate in the elements of climate extending from ( 1985 - 2014 ) can be counted a clear indication of the occurrence the beginning of climate change if this trend continues in the future, in turn will increase the rated water for the crop.The study proved that the quantity of the net water rated for potatoes crop by all irrigation method ( surface , sprinkler and drip ) variation spatially and temporally in all of the study area stations during the season potato crop growth ( spring and autumn ).the researcher followed the statistical analytic method Results of the study demonstrated that , proven through multiple linear regression model and multiple correlation having a very strong positive correlation between the net water rated in the study area tations and the most influential climatic elements relationship ( hours of actual sun shine, minimum temperature, degree normal temperature ,maximum temperature, wind speed at a level of 2 meters, evaporation from pan A) , also proved the existence of a very strong correlation is negative between the net water rated in the study area stations and the most influential climatic elements ( atmospheric pressure ,dust storms, rising dust , suspended dust , relative humidity, rainfall ) , The study demonstrated the value of determination coefficients ( R2 ) to the most influential climatic elements and the net water rated in the study area stations during the season potato crop growth ( spring and autumn ) by all irrigation method ( surface , sprinkler and drip ) between ( 91.4% - 98.5% ). also proved the results of statistical analysis moral multiple correlation by test (SE) (T) with a confidence degree of (95%), and test (F) reached confidence degree of ( 99%).The study also concludes the possibility of using the multiple regression model for the studied stations to predict water consumption of the crop of potato in the future.

الخصائص الطبيعية في محافظة القادسية وعلاقتها المكانية في استغلال الموارد المائية المتاحة == The Natural Features In Qadissiya Government And Their Spatial Relationship With The Available Water Resources Exploitation

Author name: ابتسام عدنان رحمن الحميداوي
Supervisor name: علي صاحب طالب الموسوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على سيد المرسلين واله الكرام المنتجبين وبعد، يعد الماء اساسا للحياة وموردا حيويا يرتكز علية انتاج الغذاء ويشكل اهم عناصر البيئة، كما انه يؤدي دوررائيسيا في التنمية الاقتصادية بجوانبها المختلفة، فالماء مصدر الحياة | Praise be God , lord of the worlds , and prayer and peace be upon the lord of messengers , Mohammad and his honorable. water is a main thing for life. it is a vital source on which food production is dependent. it represents the most important element of nature , and plays a main role in the economic development in its different aspects. water is the life source , and is the most precious element of nature , especially in the dry and semi - dry regions. map of water is almost computable with that of life. Due to the increasing importance area and intensity of agricultural lands are determined, any achievement of that will depend on how efficient we explain waters according to the modern scientific methods of irrigation. because of the limited and scarce water resources , its necessary to make use of what is available of them efficiently in order to reduce wasting , depending on the methods that achieve that.The study comprises six chapters , pervaded by a number of topics. the first chapter implied the theoretical framework which included the study problem , suppositions and importance , in addition to previous studies and scientific terms and concepts while the second chapter , represented in the natural features of the study area , it focuses on the detailed natural features such as those of location and geological and topographical status , in addition to the climatic features and features of sail and natural plant. the second chapter shed the light on the characteristics of the agricultural - irrigative in the governorate.As for the third chapter, it implied the geographical extensions of rivers' networks and irrigation streams in the governorate , and focuses on studying the development of Euphrates waterway as being a vital artery for the governorate lands while the second section focused on studying resources of its water be for entering the governorate.The fourth chapter studied ways and methods of irrigation and their systems in the study area through focusing on ways of water conveyance and irrigation in the first section. in the second section , we talked about organization of irrigation and drainage process , in addition to the water needs and control installations.The fifth chapter was entitled ( A geographical Evaluation of Rivers Network and Irrigation streams Efficiency in the governorate ). while the sixth chapter evaluated the geographical extensions of rivers' network and irrigation streams, besides, evaluating the methods and ways used in the irrigation and water waste in the second section of this chapter , we studied the increasing salt portions in the water and soil of the study area and analyzed them.Lastly , the study reached a number of conclusions and some recommendation that can be made use of to meet the aims the study tried to achieve in order to reduce the problems the watering - irrigative statue suffer from in Qadissiya governorate

التباين المكاني للشذوذ الحراري في مناخ العراق == Spatial Variability Of The Thermal Anomalies In The Climate Of Iraq

Author name: صدام رزاق عبود
Supervisor name: مالك ناصر عبود الكناني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الى الكشف عن طبيعة التباينات الحرارية المكانية بين محطات الرصد الجوي الواقعة على دوائر عرض متشابه في العراق للمدة (1970 - 2015), اذ بطبيعة الحال لابد ان تتقارب كمية الاشعاع الشمسي الواصلة الى المحطات المناخية الواقعة على دائرة عر

اليمن : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == Yemen : A Study In Geopolicy

Author name: حميد سعيد خالد المخلافي
Supervisor name: جواد صندل جازع البدران
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study auns at exposmg the geographic components; natural 3illd man, I - e. public, economic and political which Yemen enjoys, and to evaluate m from a geo - political point of view and analyze them to indicate their vantages and disadvantages in order to reflect their exclusive power. The study is divided into introduction, conclusions and recommendations and ve chapters.iapter One presents the natural geographic components of the region which is 1bject of the study. These components include position, area, shape, roof, climate r natural resources, e.g. natural plant, water and minerals resources which have rous impacts on the state. hapter Two discusses the human components, e.g. public and economic and onomic. These are numerous such as population, the geographic distribution and tensity, the quality structure , age , the social and economical indicators. The cimomical components present the most important variables. This chapter also s ~ies the economical sectors of the state which include agriculture, hunting , iperals, transforming industrials, services, tourism, trading, communication and nsformation and the contribution of each sector in the local aggregate. apter Three is concerned with studying the political structure of the state and its c mponents. The contents of this chapter shows the development in the political s stem, the regime - structure and decision - making centers. J!apter Four analyzes the foreign policy of Y cm en : its neighbouring countries. It a •~ deals with the relations of Yemen with the Arab homeland, and with the great p ier like the united states, the European Union, Japan and with the international nizations.apter Five foreseers the geo - political future of Yemen through the researcher's scriptive and through his evaluation of the reign which is subject of the study.< : main conclusions that the study has arrived at are : Yemen has an important position which ts characterized by its geo - political effects on the reign.2. The large area of Yemen brigs a variety m the natural phenomena, e.g. the hypgraphic nature and clinate which help in creating various climatic and plant environments that provide economical specification among the different districtsin Yemen (the products of the orbit areas in planes, the products of the moderate areas in the high lands). This brings about a self - sufficient rate reaches at (%55 - 31) of food. Moreover, the area of Yemen gives it the ability to defend itselfin depth. 3. Yemen has (5) neighboring countries, 3 of which are marines and the other two are land countries : despite that Yemen has border problems with most of these countries, yet Yemen was able overcome these problems through makinga!,'feements to solve them.4. Although soil represents an important element of the elements of power in state, Yemen sulfurs from a reduction in the area of agriculture soils which include about 3% of the entire area of the country this is a small area and it represents oneof the geo - political weaknesses of the state.5. Yemen suffers from a clear reduction of water. The roof waters are very few and the rain waters arc inadequate in most areas.6. The study explores that Y cm en has about ( 4) billions drums of oil reserviour in 2000. This forms 0.4 , 0.5 of the world reservoir and opec reservoir in the same year. Yemen also has a large amount of natural gas, about (479)billions/m3 Thisforms a rate of(0.30, 0.69) of the world reservoir and opec reservoir respectively in the same year.7. The population intensity varied among the different districts in Yemen. It is very high in the capital, Ta'z and Al - Hudidya where it reaches about (6703, 204 , 145,7) pcrson/km2 respectively in 2000. On the contrary, the population intensity records the lowest rate in Al - Muhra' where it reaches (1) person I km2. This has a negative influence on the political and economical situation in Yemen. he study finds that there is a reduction in the social indicators for the public such as health. This reduction is due to the rate of spending on this sector which records about (1 and 2) in the aggregate of the local production.emen still depends in its foreign exports on a sole resource which is oil. The oil exports forms about %69.85 of the total exports in 2000.1 • The study shows that the strategic industrial sector occupies the first rank among the other economical sectors in the total aggregate where it fonns about (% 38.8). this sector includes about (0.49) only of the total employee in Yemen,whereas the agriculture sector contribute in about %54 of the employee in 2000. I. In studying the decision - making constitutions, it appears that the position of the president of the republic has effectively and vitathy affected the policy if the state. The other constitutions such as the representative council , the ministry council , the foreign ministry and the Judicial power have taken a participant rote in the political system. I •Yemen's economical relations with the other Arabian countries, i - e. non - gulf countries , are still wench. The economical indicators indicate that the value of the Yemenian exports to these countries reached about (51652000) dollars in 2000; while the Ycmen

تطور النقل بالسيارات في العراق 1950 - 1980 : دراسة في جغرافية النقل

Author name: حميد غالب عجيل السكيني
Supervisor name: سرى محمود المدرس
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

دراسة جغرافية لمنظومة الري في محافظة ذي قار == A Geographical Study F'Or The Irrigation System In Thi - Qar Governorate

Author name: فيصل عبد منشد
Supervisor name: ماجد السيد ولي محمد العلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The research aims at studying irrigation tables in the governorate and analysing its sufficiency through studying the geographical factors influencing on it. The ireaearch falls into three chapters.The first chapter dealt with the geographical circoastances of' the governorate, where it appeared that the : physical f'ac.tors (surface, weather, soil) had a large linrluence on the expansions of rivers and channals.The surface had affected by its slow slopeness on 'the expansions of rivers and the movement of water inside ithem •. The weather had also affected through its variations ion the increase of' evabo : ration and consequently on the num11er of irrigations and their quantities. It has also ~p~d that the dii"f erence in osmosisty of the soil had - .n : b'd'luence on the irrigation processes in the governorate. The second chapter dealt with the geographical expansions commonly used method, despite of its detects and its influenceon salting the soil. The third chapter dealt with an evalution to the enougbness of irrigation the study of the Crops needs ot / water. It appeared that there was always a sUllllller lack of I/ water in most of the rivers and irrigation - canals in the govern.orate and there was always winter extra water expelle4 to the marshes. !he districts that sutfer from natural diab1lity (lack) or which do not have enough irrigating water had been designated (limited) and proper stut1ons had been ottered (given).!'he two - divisions system in the governorate had also been studied and found that system needed coordination with the neighbouring goverBorates to limit water portions to each are et them. Tl : le thesis ended with a.revealation et the most important conclusions that the : research reached.

صناعة وسائط النقل المائي في محافظة البصرة وافاقها المستقبلية : دراسة في الجغرافية الصناعية

Author name: فارس مهدي محمد
Supervisor name: محمد يوسف حاجم الهيتي | كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

طرق التكوين الاساسية لاطلس محافظة البصرة الزراعي : دراسة خرائطية

Author name: مها دحام عبد الرضا السامر
Supervisor name: مصطفى عبد الله محمد السويدي | بشرى رمضان ياسين
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تحليل جغرافي للانتاج الزراعي في قضاء المدينة == Analyse Of Geography For Agricultural Production In Al - Madina District

Author name: بشرى رمضان ياسين
Supervisor name: ماجد السيد ولي محمد العلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: AL - Midayn9.h District is situated in the north - west part of Basrah Governorate. It consists of three administrative units : The district centre, Al - Huwair ~. and Talha zone. It's surrounded by water from - three directionsJ its northern and northern - west parts are represented by the' mid - marshe'S, and its southern and southern - west parts are represented by Al - Hammar Marsh.The interaction of the natural factors plays a great part in the agricultural production, in its spatial variations among the different places of the different quantities from year to year. most of the crops is concentrated on the District and in i r The cultivation if sides of the Eup~ because of the concentration of the river levees that arecharacterized by its relative height if compared with the! low areas t~at are nearby to it. It seems that most of - t'l he climate factors are adequate to cultivate and produce diffe rent crops relatively in the district.The effect of the human factors is no less in imp<F than the effect of natural factors in the agricultural pro duction and its variations from one place to another, Chapter three reveals that there are two types of' ' agricultural production in the district. They are the typof horticulture cultivation and field cultivation. Th~ former iH concP.ntrf' : ted mainly in the areas of river letee where loem clay soils of good discharge are dominant •tic are adequate to the cultivation of Horticulture crops.The latter, like wheat, is concentrated in the river basin areas where clay soils of bad discharge are dominant. This shows the intermixing of the cultivation of these types due to intermixity of agricultural soils with one another in the district.Chapter four deals with the most important natural and human problems which the ae;ric1il tural production has in the area of the study field. The salinity problem is considered one of the most obstacles in the agricultural production tbat leads to the lessening of the soil fertility yearly.Water resources, also have different problems which are represented by the continuation of the low levels of water and their variations. In addition to this fact, there is bad use of these resources and a growing of wate~ plants through river ducts.The research work reveals the decrease in efficiency o using agricultural lands in spite of the possibility of expansion in its use which could lead to the increase of the quantities of agricultural production in a way that is symmetrical to the increase of population - growth averages which is accompanied by need for more food.

تحليل اثر العوامل الجغرافية في التباين المكاني لزراعة الطماطة في محافظة البصرة

Author name: محمود بدر علي
Supervisor name: عبد الاله رزوقي احمد كربل
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: TOlllllto i• a crop whoae origin ldd ia the 110untaine of Alldez1 it •• tr11J1.9ferred to the Old \ilorld "DJ' Spanish explorers. '?be crop ha• • high nutritive value 'because it has Vitainin(c) and coDSiderable amount• of minerals, protein and carbohydratea. It lute also an economic val11• aince it ia the raw aterial. for a llUllber of induetries such aa to•tfopaate alld tomato juice. The effect of the geographical factors on tb9 difference in llaerah is the subject of thia study. Chapter One ehowa that there ia a big developaent in the plantatl!on of this crop, especially after 17 - : 50 July Revolution. Demands for tld• crop M.ve increaNd markedl7 ae a result of the high rate of conllUllPUoa due to an incr... se in population rates, and the rise in the et•~ of living. It also ahov• that the high revenues accured, the developaeat of transportation sector and colllllUDication, along vi.th the faciliti•• and aide rendered bY the gover1111ent to develop agriculture have contri ted a great deal to the development of tomato cultivation. Th.refoN, ellltivation of the crop increased : from 116,7 : 50 donum in 1969 to 190.p : !I · in 1985. The study, •oreover, shows that the areas pl.e.11ted in aumaer eMI• are far gr... ter than those of winter. In addition, a difference ie l'ecogDiHd. in the aru planted with tomatoe among the governoratee in Ir : Be.srah governorate coaee firet in ternlll of the size of the arees, the quantity produced during the d,..,. : .t {f. ~.i. ' i~'i '~, - Y• while it is still ~rciilc behind in the other eouterl : m ,gOverap~tee a~; some of those in the - 1 •· In the late seventies, to.;t;,o c~;~ : li~}ti~.Ji~neeaed a big increase ill Chapter Two showa that natural factors (land aurface, climate, water reaource, eoil) have their clear impact on the geographical diatributioa of t - to in Baerah. For land surface, it ia noticed that we caa al.most divide it into t"9 equal parta : the eastern which ia a plan area characterised with it• al.ow elope, natneaa except the river levee• and the mrt.U adjacent to th•. It i• thia very area which i• relied on for agricul.tllre And the Weatarn part baa becoae the aoat aui table area for t - t• cul ti#atioa dae te certain charactariatica.Aa to the cli•te, it baa been clear that it ia suitable for the prod11otion of ~to •• winter crop. Aa to beet, it ia alao auitable, even in its highest and loweat degree•, for the crop to grow during the vario11a etas••• In aoat extreme caaes, producers can le1111en the effectll by protecti11g the crop with the uae of the available meana. Rain, however, baa not that high significant to the agricultural activitiee due to the fact of its littleness aJ : ld fluctuation. Tbua, cultivation becoaea dependent upon the irrigation potentials available in the area of at'Udy - wiJlde - blowing on the area is ao11tl7 north - west; it ha• negative infl11ence11 on t - to duri11g winter aince it decreases tea,111t1 : '&4 ture in winter and al90 cauaea water los11e11 in sumer because it is bot;In addition, it bas its influencea on water levela in Shatt - Al - Arab and thia will conaequently ha•• ita influences on agriculture in the are moat iaportant reacurcea of irrigation in the eastern part is the ri•era, •inl7, the Tigris and Euphrates and Shatt - Al - Arab. Levelsof watera ha•e strong relationa with the cultivation of crop. It is noticed that thi• part is now suffering from low levels of - tera as underground.,.ter baa no 11ignificaw : e to the agricultural activities due to ealination rates that are high. Certainl;y, it i• found thatsubterranean water ha11 become the eole aource that tomato plaJltation depllJlda upon, in the western part of the governorate. Soil, it is found, is of alluvial origin, newl : r foraed and prevale11t through the eastern part of the area of this stud : J. Moat of the soils of this part 11\lffer fro• high salination rates and bad draiaage, and high leYel of aubterr&11ea11 water except lillited areas repr...aented by riTer levees llJld some areas adjacent to thell. Man has teaded in the 11&rsh area11 to collect soil as e•bankaent making use of the hilgh leYels of waters in welling up the ealts of the soil, and therefore,. the IJUCcesa of to•to cultintion. Sand;y soil conatitute.e the weatena part of the governorate characteriMd by rough texture and le•• aali•tion rate• and the decreaae or the rate.e or organic.. teri•la. Chapter Three •hows that manpower (workers, irrigation proceaae..peasant• Aaeociations) has a great role in the development of the tOllllto agriculture in the governorate since manpower is one of the basic fac.. tors for the success and the deTelopment or to.. to plantation, despiteor llOdern mechanization in some agricultural proceseea. Manpower is divided into hired and native; the first is emplo;yed in Zubllir - Safwan and mo.et of it co•es fro• Egypt and Sudan while the native are mostl7 ef family members in addition to part - timers to work out some agricultlU'tl activities in the areas of 11&rabe11. The 11tud1 has ehown that there are chazlges in irrigation CQllP8recl to that in the fifties. While cultivated ar.. s used to be irrigated 'r free now of water in the fifties, this wa7 ia no longer used, and itis replaced by pu11p11. The ways adopted in irrigation are MDY' there ia the open C8Dllllls uaed in Zubair - Safwan, and Shatt - Al - Arab levees, the •bluikments in the iaarshes, the bllllins method in Talha, aQd fina.lly ao•e Jl].aatation areaa have adopted a very developed method in Zube.ir - Safwn. Co - operative Farmers Association have played a prominent role in the development of T011ato plantation through the services rendered to - bera. Theae services take the forms of loans, machines and agricultur.i aupplies. Alao Agricultural offices in the area pl~s an equal active role through guidance given in application of modern techniquea. Chapter Four shows that the cultivation of To111ato is concentratedin aoae llU'eas and thus the area of the study is divided into three producing regio111t on the basis of the concentration rates of to.. to in it. It also revealed that theae regione vary according to the historical background of the area in question and the significance of the crop in it in proportion to other crops planted in every regions and ao.. of the - e;ricultlll'el activities required. Chapter J'ive deals with marketing since it is one of the basic factors that help develope the plantation in the research a.t'ea. Marketing haa witnessed during the latest 1e&rs a major development as a • re81.ll t of the developaient of factors related. These include the high d - . for thia crop, advances in transport and co111111Unication. The Mrketing of the crop now is rUJl buy the private sector, it is : ahown that Baghdad governorate gets the largest eh&.re of tomato lllllrketed ' tro11 B&srah governorate. It is fOUlld out that lllBrketing auffers 0011 from so many probl - auch as non - availability of ellOungh trailers to transport outside the governorate, the low prices of crop mainly

تصنيف بعض اراضي منطقة البصرة : دراسة في الجيومورفولوجيا التطبيقية

Author name: صباح عبود عاتي
Supervisor name: تغلب جرجيس داود
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis is concerned with the study of the Land 111 Classii'ication of part of Basrah District, applied Geomorph - f,1 ological Approach. The study area lies between lai tuds 0° 20 - - 31° BN & longj)itude 47°E, to Shat - Al - Arab RiverIi from the east bounded by Qurna in the North and Abu - Al - Khaseeb ii in the South. The area is extended from Hor Al - Hammar in the north to Khur Al - Zubeir in the south. Air photos, topoi ~. graphic maps and field checkes revaled that the - a.. - "N : !a could be ciassii'ied to eight land Systems as folJ.o1 - Natural Levees of Shatt Al - Arab.2 - Al - Hartba Land System.3 - Ho.. - Al - Hammar Land System.4 - Hai Al - Shuhadaa Land System.5 - Al - Zubair Land System. u·111 - The.i.ow land of Burgesia Land System.Al - Subkha Land System.8 - Arte.wee Land System.These land Systems have diffe~ent phisicai properties soil texture, percentage of clay minerals, soil PH, So, soditun ion exchange and Salinity.• The study of the area has shown that these variations ;in those elements due the different geomorphological processes : which effected the area. The Zubair land system is formedfrom Alluvial deposits and affected by deflation and denudation while Artawee Land System represent afluvial 'l!deposits of ancient running water. The Hur Al~Hslll!ll8.r formation is part of Marshes and moor lands lie in the Southern part of Iraq. The Natural Levee of Shatt - Al - Arab formed from suspended material carried by the river. Eartha ladd system forever is affected by the flood of Hur Al - Ha~r and Shatt Al - Arab and is formed.by Fluvial Flood plain. Hai Al - Shuhadaa represent the effect ion fresh water deposits on one hand, and by sediments from the Arabian Gul.t during I' the high Tide. It has been found that the high percent or Salinity end gypsum formation are the main elements of salt weathering in the area.The extent and rate of the geomorphological processes are affected by two types : - l. Dry weather and high temperature, so as the salts in solution are drawn up vmrds by capila : rry action and deposits in the upper horizons of the land, especially in Hartha landsystem, the margines of Hur Al - Hammar, the Hai Al - Shuhadaa and Artawee formations. ' The area is also affected by natural subsidense due to the earth staticts process which causes the subsidense of Deltatic area in the southern parts of Mesopotamian plane in Iraq.This plane is fulled up by deposi.. carried by the Tig : ris, Euplu?ates and their tributaries in : addition to the aealian deposits which is thought to be (l,750m3) million and caused t~e high percentage of clllY minerals montmorillon;te type, Silt and gypsum in the flood plain, v1h : t - : : e the quartz and non clay minerals become higher in the western parts of the area. 2. Human interfeJ."ence, where the land is an old civilization area, many civilized construction, had bui.ld up in the area, like rivers and canals used in irrigation processes from ancient times, which caused the aalinimation of the soil, on the other hand, man has constructed some dams at the margins of Hur - Al - Hammar as a mean !or draining the area and reclamation or the dam which was constructed !rom Basrah to use as railways. This dam has prevented the fresh water of the Hur to flood over the area, and exceeds the effects of the Arabian Gulf water to pentrate through it. These reasons revealed that the area become under the influence of high degree of salt weathering which attacts the concrete formation in one hand and lowering the agricult111' 9 capability on the other hand. So the area cound be classified for land use to four c1asses with minor ones.l. Land with minor limitation good for agriculture and civil construction i.e. Natural Levee Land System. 2. Lands with moderate limitation for agriculture and civil construction.3. Lands with moderate sever limitation restrict its use in pasture, agriculture, civil constructions.Lands with extremely sever limitation cannot be used for Human activity. However, the study has revealed that. the area could be [i face in future some problems mainly :

جمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية الشعبية الخصائص الجيوبوليتيكية للموقع الجغرافي واثرها في علاقاتها الدولية

Author name: خلف راجح جيناوي المالكي
Supervisor name: عبد الحميد عبد المجيد القيسي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The coru : lusi.on that the study came out with i~; the significance that the geographical location envoys, lwt.11 011 th., n•ylortMl 1u1d 1.11.. IHUI l\1 AIJ 1..,,v.,I du.. D111mocr.. tic v..... m. For 1 : 11.. intpr - nAtlfHo.~l JJO~IFff&#34;I i&#39;ln~ u...beneficiaries of the geographical location to achieve its strategic and political interests. This has its own reperoussions on Democratic Yamen where it has been partitional into two.Moreover, its has negative infuences on its relations with the neighbouring collntries. All have negative ingluences on national secur i ti. - .This study falls within the field of political geography for it deals with the geopolitical features of the geographical location of the Democratic Republic of Yamen. In order to give prominence to the influence on : 1 - Rise of the state and its development.2 - Nature of the political situation.3 - International Relations The study includes ·{or chaptersChapter one studies the yeographic : al c : ont!lilnte of the geographical location comparing it with elements of power in the state. Chapter two includes the. idea of the state, and the factors of its valuation throuhg studying the tribal tendency, the British policy, and the National movements.Chapter three studies the political situation in tha mtata and the most important political events. This is done through the sutdy of the historical roots of the, ruling political organization and its internal relations.Chapter four studies the international relation of the damccratic republic of Ya.men and the influencing factors, this is studied on two levels.
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