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التحليل المكاني للنفايات المنزلية الصلبة في مدينة كربلاء : دراسة في جغرافية البيئة == Spatial Analysis Of Residential Waste Solid In The City Of Karbala A Study In Environment Geography
Author name:
مؤيد ساجت شلتاغ الحيدري
Supervisor name:
رياض محمد علي عودة المسعودي
General topic:
Geography
Specific topic:
Human Geography
Degree:
Master
University:
University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Karbala
First pages:
10T1609 - p.pdf
Abstract:
This study aims at recognizing the state of residential solid waste management in the city of Karbala, evaluating the adequacy of the management in the light of (Iraqi - International) planning standards prepared for the system, and defining methods of surveying it through treating the problems which the system is facing. The main problem discussed in the study is the role of geographic factors in waste management and how they influence the differences in place and the environmental residues of waste, in addition to that it discusses the possibility of improving the management system with the fact of urban sprawl in the city and its increasing population till 2024. The hypothesis assumes that the geographic factors play a significant role in the variation of the residential solid waste management, in addition to the fact that the city lacks an integrated waste management which resulted in aesthetic, economical, hygienic and environmental consequences. The study aims at recognizing residential solid waste management in Karbala, the factors influencing it quantitatively and qualitatively, and the spatial, temporal difference in the averages of waste outcome and type, as well as its various components, through analyzing and weighing random samples collected from 70 households of 35 quarters and neighborhoods, with various distribution of residential units and different population rates, in addition to differences in the scientific, economical and social characteristics of these samples. In order that the study reaches its goals the researcher adopted a descriptive method in displaying waste management, while adopting statistical (qualitative) analysis using SPSS program in analyzing the data gathered to define the factors which lead to the increase of waste levels. These factors include the number of residential units, population, family size and its monthly income. Moreover field study, personal interviews and two questionnaires were adopted. The prominent findings of the study shows that the storage, collection, transformation and processing in the waste management system which is employed in Karbala do not follow an organized and correct scientific method due to the lack of environmental awareness and bad management provided by the authorities in charge. In addition to that the low finances allotted to waste management resulted in the lack of infrastructure needed. Moreover, there is the large decrease in the number of machinery and labor force necessary for collecting and transforming waste. The shortage in machinery reached to 70 waste compressors, while the shortage in labor force reached to 498 workers. The solid residential waste generated from the city reached to 439321 ton per day in 2014 with the average of 0.685 kg per day for a person. The anticipated amounts for 2024 will reach 873316 tons per day with the average of 0.988 kg per day for a person. The study also shows that there is difference in the quantity of waste according to seasons. The highest amount of waste recorded was in summer with 5.014 kg per day for a family, while the lowest amount was in winter with 4.103 kg per day for a family. Concerning the components of waste, the study shows that food waste is the highest rate among other components of solid waste with 56.6 , whereas leather and wooden waste was the lowest component with 0.4 % for each. The study included future orientation for solid waste management in Karbala, along with considering the requirements needed in transforming, collecting, later processing and disposal of waste with the lesser environmental consequences possible. It recommends that the present dump site become a transfer station (joint), at the same time assuring the need for constructing the site proposed by Karbala municipality as it conforms to the Iraqi and the international standards of place and environment. The study also stresses the necessity of constructing recycling factories for waste of different components in order to have sustainable management and to be able to benefit from its outcome in various economical, hygienic and environmental aspects of Karbala city.
