التحليل المكاني لتملح التربة في قضاء الهندية واثره في انتاج المحاصيل الحقلية == The Spatial Analysis Of The Soil Salinity In Al - Hindiyah District And Its Impact On The Production Of The Field Crops
Author name:
دعاء عباس رشيد جاسم الطرفي
Supervisor name:
سلمى عبد الرزاق عبد لايذ الشبلاوي
General topic:
Geography
Specific topic:
Applied Geography
Degree:
Master
University:
University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Karbala
First pages:
10T1616 - p.pdf
Abstract:
تعد مشكلة تملح الاراضي من اهم المشاكل التي تعاني منها الزراعة في المناطق الجافة وشبه الجافة التي هي اثمن الاراضي, حيث تحد من زراعة الكثير من المحاصيل , اذ ينجم عنها هجرة الاراضي الزراعية المتملحة وزيادة الضغط على الاراضي الاقل تملحا واستغلالها بشكل كبير , | Soil salinity is one of the most important problems that faces agriculture in the dry and semi - dry areas which are the most precious lands for their ability to be planted with more than one crop yearly in addition to the ease of their exploiting.That problem (soil salinity ) limits the planting of a lot of crops leading to the migration of the salty agricultural lands , the increase of the pressure on the lands with less salinity ,and exploiting them largely that results in the deterioration of the soil qualities as well as its organic materials which are important for the plant growth. The salinity problem has even taken a global impact that interests the researchers in agriculture and plants production for its close connection with the source of humans food. Accordingly, this study intends to know the effect of the geographical factors (the human and the natural) on the salinity of Al - Hindiyah district lands and point out the most prominent factors that lead to the appearance as well as the growth of that problem. Throughout its chapters, the thesis has found out that the geographical ingredients in that area have paved the way for the appearance of that problem. The climate in those areas is dry where there is an increase in the temperatures and lack of the rain falling that are accompanied by evaporation during Summer.All this leads to the appearance of salinity in addition to the weathering processes that are regarded as a source for most ions which are the components of salts especially the sedimentary rock. Furthermore, the other natural factors also have helped in the appearance of that problem such as the regression and the geological structure. The study reveals that the type of water (the surface and ground water) which is used in the irrigation process contains a rate of salts.After examining the water taken from the area under study and according to the American salinity standard, it is found out that the irrigation water belongs to (C3, C4) criteria which is not used in irrigation process without the availability of specific conditions (network puncture). The appearance of seepage problem in some provinces of the areas under study results from the inefficiency of the brook padding material as it comes across cracking and breaking processes that cause water filtration.This, in its turn, leads to the increase of ground water levels , its rising by capillary property , and then its deposition on the structure after evaporation leaving salts. The human factors , in addition to the natural ones , also play a vital role in the salinity problem.The researcher's direct observation as well as the questionnaire form show that leaving the land without agriculture ,using the christa perfusion ,enlarging of Summer agriculture , and the much use of fertilizers have a great effect in the growth of salinity problem in addition to the bad human administration for water and soil. The difference in the effect of those factors (natural and human ) leads also to the difference in saline soils distribution in the area under study.Such difference has appeared either among those three administrative units (District Centre ,Aljadwal Alghrby ,and AL - Kyratt) or in the administrative unit itself. Lastly, the study shows the direct and in direct impacts of salinity (soil, water) on the lands and the production of agricultural crops (field crops). According to those conclusions, some solutions and suggestions have been recommended to treat the salinity problem and it is possible to apply them on lands to reclaim soil again
