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اثر اسلوب المواجهة التفاعلية في تنمية سلوك المساعدة لدى طلبة الجامعة == The Effect Of The Interactive Conformation On Developing The Assistance Behavior At University Students

Author name: ذكريات كاظم دعدوش الخفاجي
Supervisor name: بتول بناي زبيري
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Psychological And Educational Guidance
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: الانسان كائن حي لا يستطيع ان يعيش بمعزل عن الاخرين وحياته تكاد تكون مستحيلة دون تفاعله وتعاونه مع الاخرين، ويبدو ان ما افرزته الحياة المعاصرة من ازمات وسلبيات من الممكن ان يكون سببا في ضعف سلوك المساعدة.ويعد سلوك المساعدة من المفاهيم الاساسية في جميع مي | Man is a living creature who cannot live in isolation from others. In fact, his life is almost impossible without the interaction and cooperation with others. It seems what was resulted by the modern life and its troubles and ups - and - downs can be a reason in decreasing the assistance behavior. The assistance behavior is deemed one of the main concepts in all fields of social, political, and economic life that are in connection with the various forms of human relations. The importance and need of this study increase due to the increase the responsibilities of man on daily basis. Man can dedicate much of his time to cooperate with others, otherwise he may live a selfish existence. . The current research targets the following : 1 - Measuring the assistance behavior with its three dimensions (Favor, donation, Interference at urgency) at university students.2 - Measuring the assistance behavior with its three dimensions (Favor, donation, Interference at urgency) depending on the variable of gender (males, females) at university students.3 - Measuring the assistance behavior with its three dimensions (Favor, donation, Interference at urgency) depending on the variable of the specialty of study at university students.4 - Identifying the impact of the counseling program in accordance with the Interactive Confrontational Approach on the development of the assisting behavior with its three dimensions (Favor, donation, Interference at urgency) at university students.Concerning the limitation of the study (scope), the study was limited to university students in each of ((The College of Education for Pure Science, College of Arts, The College of Law, and the College of Engineering)).Also, in order to set the theoretical frame of the research, the researcher discusses the most important theories addressing the premises and basic concepts of personality and its different aspects, including Bern's Interactive Analysis Theory in reference to its most important premises. This theory is taken as the theoretical framework of the research, which has benefited from the guidance and therapeutic applications provided by it. Moreover, discussed are number of researches and studies that addressed important aspects of personality.In order to reach the goals and results of the research, the following actions are taken : 1 - The amendment of the scale of the Assistance Behavior of (Jaff 1992). The final form of the scale includes 41 points after having been statistically treated in order to extract the factors of honesty, discriminatory strength, and consistency, so the scale becomes ready for application. 2 - The scale is applied on a sample consisting of 400 male and female students from the colleges of Law, Engineering, Arts, and Pure Sciences Education who are selected arbitrarily. After analyzing their answers, 15 students are chosen at the same arbitrary way to form the group appeared to have a decline in assistance behavior, which is set as the experimental sample of the study on which the counseling program to be applied. In the same random way, a sample of 15 male and female students are chosen to form the control sample that is to prove the effectiveness of the counseling program.3 - Preparing and construction of the counseling program : The researcher draws the map of the counseling program to develop the assisting behavior at university students, benefiting from the outcome of Bern's Interactive Analysis Theory in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic steps in this field. The program includes (the identification of needs, the choice of priorities, determining the general and procedural goals, determining the number of sessions, choosing the topics of sessions, and the presentation of topics in each session). Then the researcher has submitted the program to a group of professors, specialists, and experts who pointed some notes that were taken by.4 - The program is applied by the researcher along (20) sessions through which the researcher applied the Assisting Behavior Scale on the experimental sample as well as conducting the statistical processes.The results are shown as follows : 1 - The research findings show the impact of the counseling program used as there are clear differences of statistical significance between the average degrees of each of the experimental and control groups after the application of the program; which is the evidence that the counseling program does have a role in developing the assisting behavior in university students.2 - The research findings show the existence of differences with statistical significance between the average degrees of the male and female samples, as it is clear that the male sample are more assisting than females.In light of the results of the research and to achieve benefit out of them, a group of recommendations and suggestions are formulated as shown in Chapter 4
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اثر برنامج ارشادي جمعي في تنمية الكفاءة الذاتية لمعلمات ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة == The Impact Of A Mentoring Program In The Development Of Collective Self - Efficacy Teachers With Special Needs

Author name: بثينة كاظم شهاب احمد الاحمدي
Supervisor name: امل عبد الرزاق نعيم المنصوري
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Psychological And Educational Guidance
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: نتيجة لازدياد عدد ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة في العالم. اذ اشارت احصائيات منظمة الامم المتحدة للاطفال (اليونيسيف) وجود ما يقارب (500) مليون معاق، لعام 2000(القمش والسعايدة، 2008، ص.ص22 - 23). ونتيجة للاهتمام العالمي المتزايد بتحقيق اقصى رعاية لذوي الاحتيا | As a result of the increasing number of people with special needs in the world. If indicated the United Nations Organization statistics for children (UNICEF) and the presence of nearly 500 million disabled people, for the year 2000 (Amish and Samadhi 0.2008, S.s22 - 23). As a result of the growing global interest in achieving maximum care for people with special needs in terms of education and training for teachers to achieve the principle of equal educational opportunities between people of the same community of integrated care for people with special needs, according to their abilities and aptitudes (CEC, 2000).((As a result of the existence of deficiencies in this aspect at the local level, and the cause of low self - efficacy of teachers as clear to the researcher that the self - efficacy of teachers with special needs are not at the required level and not fit with the requirements and needs of this class, these students need to be aware of the characteristics and demands of development and behavioral problems teacher The emotional, social, and has the ability to provide the necessary expertise for the growth Perceptions these students and their senses and release all the potential inherent energies, (Amish and Samadhi, 2008, p. 15). As a teacher one input of the educational process must be to raise self - efficacy through practical in - service training by providing support The attribution indicative. From this standpoint wanted researcher shed light on the self - efficacy through the construction of a collective mentoring program in self - efficacy parameters with the development of special needs, and contribute to the training of teachers professional training appropriate to deal with the special needs class, even Istria keep pace with the rapid changes in the field of knowledge humanitarian and applied in real life. The current research aims to : The current research aims : to identify the impact of the Indicative Programmer in collective self - efficacy parameters with the development of special needs through hypothesis testing zero following : 1. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) ranks among the scores of the control group in the pre - test and post on the self - efficacy scale.2. There were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) among the ranks of the experimental group in the pre - test and post on the self - efficacy scale after application Indicative Programmer.3. There were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) among the ranks of the experimental and control groups on self - efficacy scale after application Indicative Programmer.The sample search basis of (45) a teacher of special needs teachers, were selected (20) a teacher of them from low self - efficacy dispensers randomly into two groups, a control group and the experimental group of (10) parameters in each group, were parity procedure sets in a number of variables that are related to the variable.The researcher has including the following : 1. building measure of self - efficacy parameters, as the number of items of the scale, which was built on according to social learning theory's (Albert Bandura) (42) paragraph, were verified sincerity by showing the scale on a group of arbitrators specialists in the department of psychological counseling and educational guidance and analysis statistically two methods (the two extremes and the relationship of paragraph primarily a measure of the total), were verified the veracity of scale by the virtual honesty and sincerity indicators of construction, and to calculate the stability of a measure of self - efficacy, researcher relied on the way Alvakronbakhvkan reliability coefficient measure (82.0). 2. building a mentoring program and a collective, which was prepared according to the social learning theory's (Albert Bandura), reaching the number of sessions indicative (12) session by three sessions per week. For the purpose of verification of research procedures and outcomes researcher used the following statistical methods (Pearson correlation coefficient and the equation Altair and Nacho test and Mann - Whitney test and Caucasians and samples t - test for two independent samples).The results showed the following : 1. No statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) ranks among the scores of the control group in the pretest and posttest on a scale of self - efficacy. 2. There were statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) ranks among the scores of the experimental group in the pretest and posttest self - efficacy on a scale after application of the counseling program. 3. There were statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) arranged between grades experimental and control groups on a scale of self - efficacy after applying Indicative Programmer. In light of the results of research findings the researcher to a number of recommendations and suggestions of the most important.Recommendations 1. on the parameters apply what they have learned from the techniques and methods of guidance with pupils and that what these technicians of a positive impact in achieving the mental health of students and achieve compatibility and thus raise the scientific level of the students (such as modeling - and role playing and relaxation - and persuasion logical) because they are more effective in the educational process.2. make the subject practical training and development of competencies within the Platform for the preparation of teachers and teacher training. Proposals 1. to conduct a study similar to the current study in order to develop teachers with special needs and commensurate with the type of disability suffered by these students. 2. conduct a pilot study similar to the current study to identify the impact of the Indicative Programmer in the development of self - efficacy of teachers ordinary students.
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الجمود الفكري وعلاقته بانماط الشخصية لدى طلبة الجامعة == Dogmatism And Its Relationship With Patterns Personal To The University Students

Author name: زينب جميل عبد الجليل شنان التميمي
Supervisor name: عبد السجاد عبد عبد السادة البدران
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Psychological And Educational Guidance
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تتلخص مشكلة البحث بالاتي : 1 - ان الشباب لا يستطيعون توجيه تفكيرهم بالشكل الصحيح كون الانغلاق الفكري او الجمود الفكري عائقا في ذلك حيث يتعاملون مع المشكلات بطريقة سطحية. 2 - هناك مشكلات وتحديات كبيرة لدى الشباب وهي تحتاج الى تفكير مرن منفتح ومن دون اي انغل | The research aimed at identifying the level of intellectual stagnation among the students of the University of Basra and the correlation between intellectual stagnation and the five patterns of personality as the study sample consisted of 400 male and female students.The problem of the study was as follows : 1 - Young people cannot afford to properly guide their thinking due to the fact that the intellectual isolation or intellectual stagnation represent a hindrance in terms of dealing with the problems in a superficial way.2 - There are significant problems and challenges of young people that need flexible and open - minded thinking without any isolation to deal with these problems.3 - Intellectual stagnation stands as an obstacle to the creation of variety of ideas aiming at overcoming the problems of life and complexity.4 - Intellectual stagnation leads to development in response, resistance to change, not to bear ambiguity, and lack of tolerance for others.5 - Intellectual stagnation leads the individual to poor compatibility, defeat, inability of management, and the lack of intellectual and scientific alternatives.* The problem arose through the following questions : 1 - Is it possible to detect intellectual stagnation among university students?2 - Can we identify the correlation between intellectual stagnation and the five patterns of personality?* The importance of the present research is summarized in the following points : 1 - The current research acquires its importance through the study of a category of university students that represents the conscious slice that is the present of the nation and its future, and that contribute to the society building. Also, this category represents the youth stage which is one of the most accurate stages in life, the longest stage, and the most influential one. That's why it is necessary to focus great attention and a special care for the university youth as they are the crucial factor in the university in particular, and in the society in general.2 - Highlighting the importance of freedom and intellectual creativity as the nation feels the need to revival and flexibility far from stability, cognitive isolation, and intellectual stagnation. Intellectual freedom and getting away from rigid thinking helps to create a conscious generation of university youth.3 - The study of personality is the primary source of knowledge of human behavior because the subject matter of personality is not limited to examining what we are but what we ought to be.4 - Enriching the personality theory and the patterns theory in particular with cognitive relationships.5 - Also, the importance of this study comes from the linking between two variables (the intellectual stagnation and the five personality patterns, which are Neuroticism, extraversion, openness, vitality of conscience, and acceptability).To the knowledge of the researcher that no Iraqi or Arabic study has focused the linking of these two variables.Limitation of the Research : The current research is limited to students in the University of Basra / College of Education for Humanitarian Sciences and The College of Education for Pure Science, both sexes (male and female) for the academic year (2013 - 2014).To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher adopted the analytical descriptive approach and applied the following tools in the study : 1) The scale the intellectual stagnation from the preparation of the researcher.2) The scale of the five patterns of personality prepared by the researcher, Abdul Karim Ghali in 2012.The researcher also used the statistical packages (SPSS) to manage and process data.Among the most significant outcomes of the study are the following : 1) High intellectual stagnation is evident among university students.2) Males and females are characterized with a level of intellectual stagnation.3) The students of scientific disciplines have a larger tendency to the feelings of intellectual stagnation compared with those in humanitarian disciplines.4) The highest average is for the acceptability factor, and the least is neuroticism. In the second place comes the openness factor, followed by the vitality of conscience, and ranked fourth is the extraversion factor.5) There is no evident correlation between intellectual stagnation and the five patterns of personality.Recommendations : In light of the results of the study, the researcher recommended the following : 1) To promote self - confidence and create a state of free talks within the educational situation in the university in line with the spirit of the era and the concepts of democracy.2) The establishment of symposia at the university and to provide free scientific and cultural atmosphere represented in open scientific discussions and consolidate the culture of talks, tolerance, and acceptance of other opinion, not to discarded or contempt it because of differences.3) To encourage the various media for the communication among the various community groups and the containment of their contradictions toward citizenship and the spread the spirit of open - mindedness and knowledge.4) The university should pay attention to students through seminars and wall bulletins to overthrow the pent - ups among the university students and to get rid of frustrations caused by academic failure to reach a state of balanced and psychologically stable personality.Proposals : 1) To conduct experimental study addressing the effectiveness of guidance programs in modifying and developing positive thinking, which is reflected on the intellectual stagnation.2) To conduct a miscellaneous study indicating the relationship between intellectual stagnation and other variables, such as methods of socialization, parental social treatment, and social personal responsibility
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اثر اسلوبا التعامل مع الذات واعادة البناء المعـــــرفي في تنمية مهارات ادارة قلق الامتحان لدى طالبات المرحلة الاعدادية في محافظة البصرة == The Style Of Impact Of Style Of Dealing With Self And Knowledge Rehabilitation Or Styles In Developing Skills Of Managing Examination Anxiety Of Preparatory Female Students In Basrah Governorate

Author name: رجاء خليل عبيد العكيلي
Supervisor name: بتول بناي زبيري
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Psychological And Educational Guidance
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: باتت الاضطرابات النفسية والسلوكية ومنها القلق هي الاكثر والاوسع انتشارا خاصة وان المجتمعات الانسانية يطرا عليها بين الحين والاخر تغيرات تكنلوجية يتبعها تغيرات اجتماعية واقتصادية وسياسية وكنتيجة لاجتياح الازمات والحروب والكوارث , والتي تخلف اثارا بعيدة | The psychological and behavioral confusions among which the anxiety is the most widespread especially that humanitarian communities face from time to time technological changes followed by social, economical and political changes and as a result of the crises, wars and disasters caused long term effects on the man, some may refer the reasons of anxiety to the family relation weakness and non - satisfying the self - requirements and the demands of the life as well as the ideological expectation which is varied among persons. Thus, it can be determined the problem of the present study upon replying the following questions : 1) what is the level of anxiety examination of female students?2) does the style of dealing with self - have effect in acquiring skills of managing anxiety examination of female students?3) does the style of knowledge rehabilitation have effect on acquiring anxiety management during examination of female students?This study excites the student at preparatory stage by group skills assist them to overcome the anxiety during examination as the development of skills and acquiring it but the student effects in promoting his ability to manage his emotions and to control his self in all aspects of the life in addition to that the student will be responsible for himself at all times.The objectives of the study : - First : measuring skills of managing anxiety examination of female students/Second : identifying the effect of counselling program according to the style of dealing with self to develop skills of managing and controlling anxiety examination of female students of preparatory stage though electing the following hypothesis.1) No important statistical differences in the skills of managing and controlling examination among ranks of degrees of first experimental and control group in the posterior test at mark level of 0.05.Third : identifying the effects of consulting program according to the style of knowledge rehabilitation to develop skills of managing anxiety examination of the female students of preparatory school through testing the following tests. 1) No important statistical differences in skills of managing and controlling anxiety examination between ranks of degrees of second experimental and control groups in posterior test at mark level of 0.052) No important statistical differences in skills of managing and controlling anxiety examination between ranks of degrees of first and second empiric group in the posterior test at mark level of 0.05 3) No important statistical differences in skills of managing and controlling anxiety examination between ranks of degrees of first control and second empiric group in the posterior test at mark level of 0.05.Theoretical part of the present study includes theories and technical applied modes so that the researcher adopts theories of real consulting (Glacier) through applying stylist of dealing with self and knowledge consulting theory through applying knowledge reconstruction. The scope of the present study : - Community of the present study is consisted of : 1)measurement sample : it is totaled (?) female students at preparatory schools of Basrah Governorate Directorate of Education. 2) Experimental Sample : it is consisted of (45) female students were distributed on three groups each group of 15 female students for first empiric group and 15 female students for second empiric group and 15 female students for control empiric group. Tools of study : The literatures of firmer studies, the searcher adopts measurements of skills developing of managing the anxiety examination (Atallah, 2010) as this measurement consisted of 40 items in the primary form distributed by four fields : Muscle relaxation and controlling with physical symptoms - controlling negative thoughts or ideas - replacing it with positive thoughts or ideas - managing time. It is concluded group of psychometric characteristics for the items of measurements through producing it to group of experts and arbitrators in the education and psychology and after getting approval of 80% of the experts, the measurement became able to be applied so that the final form becomes consisting of forty items and that some items were applicable and later extracting the truth of measurement through using extinguishing force and correlation coefficient of items with total degree of the measurement and coefficient of items correlation with the field. The researches verify the truth of stability parameters y two ways (Re - test and Cronbach coefficient).Two consulting programs were built according to the style the dealing with self and knowledge rehabilitation as it is applied at Adul Majeed Al Majidi preparatory school for girls for the period from FEBV.16,2014 to April 24,2014 using chisquare - T test for two independent patterns - person correlation Coefficient) - Mann - Whitney - U test - Kruskal - Wallis - Ttest for a pattern) as a statical means to be applied in the present research. Results are concluded by this study. Two consulting programs upon two styles of dealing with self and knowledge rehabilitation effecting on developing skills of managing the anxiety examination. The researcher offers group of suggestion sand recommendations
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السمات الابتكارية وعلاقتها بالاداء الوظيفي لدى المرشدين التربويين من وجهة نظر مدراء المدارس

Author name: دعاء احمد مطشر
Supervisor name: صفاء عبد الزهرة حميد الجمعان
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Psychological And Educational Guidance
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تلخصت مشكلة البحث بالاجابة على السؤال الاتي : 1 - هل توجد علاقة بين السمات الابتكارية للمرشد التربوي والاداء الوظيفي من وجهة نظر مدراء المدارس؟ تجلت اهمية البحث في ما يشهده العالم اليوم من تغيرا متسارعا في جميع مجالات الحياة وذلك نتيجة التقدم التكنلوجي اله | Summarized the research problem by answering the following questions : 1 - Are there innovative features with the educational counselors?And manifested itself the importance of research in Witnessed the world today has changed rapidly in all areas of life as a result of technological progress tremendous became the hallmark of the present era and this progress has led to change many of the concepts of social, political and economic terms of the changes of technological make all that is sophisticated and modern shortly after backward and undeveloped.This rapid change and that was helpful for individuals in many respects, but he cast a burden on the same individuals who are facing this change and deal with it and affected by it as no longer life in today's life easy Statistics, which was experienced by people in the past, but is complicated and varied roles and intertwined social relations as increased social pressures due to put a lot of restrictions and controls on the behavior of the individual, which is heavier shoulders and hamstrung by some of his liberty has become so finds himself behaves not please him, but only in order to satisfy the other members of the family or school group or friends or others from the significance of current research in the following points : 1 - Contribution of this study is to assess the functionality of educational counselors in schools from the perspective of managers.2 - Addressed slice guides who increased the need for their efforts in recent times.3 - Is considered one of the first studies on the level of Iraq (to the knowledge of the researcher), which focused on the disclosure of innovative attributes with educational counselors and their relationship to job performance.The goal of current research to : 1 - measurement attributes innovative educational counselors.2 - to find the statistical significance of differences in attributes innovative variable according to sex : - (males - females)3 - find statistically significant differences between the educational counselors educational counselors in innovation attributes variable depending on experience 4 - measure job performance of the educational counselors 5 - find statistical significance of differences in job performance on variable according to sex (male - females)6 - find statistically significant differences between the educational counselors in the level of job performance variable depending on experience.7 - create the relationship between innovative attributes and functionality to the educational counselors.And identifies current research in the school principals Educational Directorate of Basra province under guidance educational for the academic year (2013 - 2014), and with respect to the background theory has reviewed the researcher a number of theories that explain attributes innovation then offered many studies that Addressed attributes and innovative functionality and the sample consisted of (371) principals In order to achieve the objectives of the present research may require the use of tools first to measure attributes innovation with educational counselors that the researcher has built on according to the practical steps to build a psychometric assessment, as identified areas constituting the scale and put each area a number of paragraphs and offered standard on a committee of experts and specialists in the field of educational Guidance and educational and Psychological Sciences to judge the validity of the measure and after analysis of expert opinion obtained the approval of the (23) paragraph consisting of the scale, according to fields three were extracting discrimination paragraphs using samples t - test was all paragraphs distinctive in that light was obtained (23) paragraph constitute the measure in its final form. It is clear from this that he has achieved a measure of the honesty and sincerity of the virtual construction Lama stability has been extracted in two ways : Retest method and Cronbach's alpha equation, has reached ((0.95) and (0.91), respectively.The second tool : they measure the performance of career guides educators. As the researcher used measure of job performance prepared (Ziad Mahmoud Mohamed Schumann) as the researcher to verify the sincerity and persistence as extracted honesty virtual through a presentation to the committee of experts and specialists in the field of Educational Guidance and Educational and Psychological Sciences to express their opinions about its validity in this study either stability has extracted in a way re - test and Cronbach's alpha was reached ((0.970) and (0.94), respectively, and then applied the tools are on a representative sample of the research community.Using statistical methods through the bag statistical (SPSS), reached the search results to the following : 1 - there are innovative features has educational counselors 2 - a lack of statistically significant differences between males and females in innovation attributes 3 - lack of statistically significant differences in attributes innovation variable depending on experience 4 - sample current research has high performance and functional and this shows the seriousness of the counselors in their work and their love for the work of extension 5 - lack of statistically significant differences in the level of job performance between males and females 6 - a lack of statistically significant differences between the members of the research sample in functionality depending on the variable experience 7 - existence of correlation between innovation attributes and functionality The researcher recommended : 1 - hold training sessions for mentors for innovation to develop intensively to have and to encourage innovative features 2 - let the guides do mutual visits to each other in order to exchange experiences and ideas to build3. Work to upgrade the system where each guide efficiently should be rewarded in order to maintain the high level of performance they have4 - activation of the system of incentives through Alivadt to honor and outside the country in order to on everything new and novelty in the field of Educational GuidanceThe researcher suggested : - 1 - study of innovative features and their relationship to job performance with counselors from the viewpoint of counselors2 - study job performance and personal relationship patterns among counselors.3 - conduct a similar study of the current study to counselors from the perspective of students.4. Study functionality with counselors and its relationship to the leadership style practiced by managers
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التفكير الابتكاري وعلاقته بالعادات الدراسية لدى طلبة الجامعة

Author name: انعام قاسم خفيف الصريفي
Supervisor name: ابراهيم عبد الخالق رؤوف
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعد التفكير الابتكاري عملية عقليه تتضمن القدرة على انتاج شيئا جديدا فكرا او عملا، وبدرجة عالية من المرونة والطلاقة والاصالة، وان العادات الدراسية تعد طريقة الطالب في ادراك المعلومات وتنظيمها وفهمها ونقدها وتحليلها واسترجاعها استعدادا للاداء الجيد والالمام
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علاقة بعض الاساليب المعرفية بقدرات التفكير التباعدي

Author name: سامية حسن خزعل
Supervisor name: سلوى ابراهيم عقراوي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: General Psychology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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العنف الجمعي وعلاقته بالتعصب والتسهيل الاجتماعي == Collective Violence Its Relationship With Prejudice , Social Facilitation

Author name: فرحان محمد حمزة
Supervisor name: بثينة منصور الحلو
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: شغل موضوع العنف اهتمام رجال الدين والسياسة وعلماء الحياة (البيولوجيا) وعلماء النفس والاجتماع والقانون , فالعنف ظاهرة مركبة لها جوانبها السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والثقافية والنفسية. وهو ظاهرة شمولية عرفتها كل المجتمعات البشرية بدرجات متفاوتة , وبص | Violence has preoccupied theologists , politicians , biologists , Psychologists , Sociologists, and man of law because it is a compound phenomenon which has its political , economic and social, cultural and psychological aspects, Besides, it is a phenomenon known by human societies with different degrees and types and for various and interrelated reasons. It differs according to the variation of societies, cultures and historical stages. It seems that human violence has increased by time, a matter which has given rise to a new science which is called (the science of Violence). A great amount of human history is a record of enmity and conflict among groups because for them it is the easiest method to reach their goals and advantages. Most thinkers and historians agree that human history is a history of violence and its methods were used all over the world along ages. A actually , the fact that violence is timeless, that is inherited by generations along centuries is confirmed. Collective violence represents an important aspect of violence in its social meaning , and arousing such a subject (Collective Violence) is no more than explaining the kind of the relationship between a man a group. The author notices that collective violence appeared due to the assembling of individuals in a society and the means of production.In the Iraqi society , however , collective violence, especially in the universities is a complicated phenomenon which is the result of the reaction and interrelations among a number of factors and variables which show the social crisis in Iraq. In fact it is the result of the abnormal circumstances of the country. Henceforth we can say that what the enemies of Iraq planned was creating a kind of chaos. It is shown that the groups act more violently in comparison with the individuals and perhaps this could be caused by the fact that the members group enhance one another because they behave covalently. One of the factors which arouses collective violence is Prejudice among the individuals, In this way violence becomes an essential factor and not absolute in making such prejudicious situations and if there had been no ability for violence, people's situations. Would have been less strict and more tender, and probably without prejudice. Besides, prejudice instigates man to act violently. So, prejudice is sometimes the result of violence and other times the cause of it. As violence coincided humanity from its beginning humanity knew negative trends and prejudice among individuals , groups and nations, a matter which formed uninterrupted series of clash, misery and misunderstanding among human beings, especially when prejudice becomes a trend in society with its own being , culture and symbol ,a matter vows enormous dangers in the all aspects of life. Other effective factors in the collective violence besides prejudice are situation pressures which lead to behaving against the standers the individuals have that is not to hurt others. These pressures are social facilitation. Because the Iraqi current environment witnesses a racial and religious attraction and noticeable violence with the existence of facilities from various social categories , it is worth studying as the author sees from his personal witnesses and relations with others and what her hears from them. Thus, we can say that this research gains its importance from the three variables it previously dealt with and how they react with each other (collective violence , prejudice and social facilitation) and play an important role in the individual's personality and in the most effective category in the track of events and their development. This category is the university students who are the pillar of future in a critical and historical stage which our society passes by : wars, political , social and economical crisis. The research aims at studying : - 1 - The relationship between collective violence , prejudice and social facilitation. 2 - The contribution of the independent variables (prejudice and social facilitation) to the total contrast of the following variable (collective violence). The research was restricted to the students of Baghdad and AL - Mustansaria universities for all sexes in the four stages of the morning class. To achieve the aims of his study , the researcher built up three measurements to measure up the collective violence , prejudice , and social facilitation - the sample of the construction consisted of 400 students - and after taking out discriminative of its items, Validity (Face Validity) and Reliability (by Retesting and Alpha Cronbach formula), the researcher applied it on a sample of (300) university students choose randomly from eight colleges in Baghdad and AL - Mustansaria universities. Having collected the data and treated them statistically by using t - test for one sample and t - test for tow Independent Sample and pearson correlation coefficient , Alpha Cronbach formula, Multiple Correlation, std - Error, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The research came up with : 1 - there is a positive relationship among the three variables of the research. 2 - the independent variable (prejudice) contributes to the following variable (collective violence) , while the other independent variable (social facilitation) does not contribute to the following variable (collective violence). The author came up with minor results : - the university students have collective violence. - the university students have prejudice. - the university students have social facilitation - there is a difference between male and female in the collective violence for the male. - there is a difference between male and female in prejudice for the male. - there is a difference between male and female in the social facilitation for the female. - there is a positive relationship between collective violence and prejudice. - there is a weak relationship between collective violence and social facilitation. - there is a weak relationship between prejudice and social facilitation.According to these results the author made many suggestions and instructions
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تاثير ثنائية اللغة في الانتباه التنفيذي == The Effect Of Bilingualism On Executive Attention

Author name: حيدر محمد كطان
Supervisor name: انعام لفتة موسى الهنداوي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Attention remain as important issues for scientist at present. For a long time, researchers thought that attention was just one thing, but we know that there are different components of attention. These functions are organized in the brain into ‘attention networks' and at least three such networks have so far been identified orienting, alerting and executive control (including conflict monitoring). Recent research in attention has involved one of important types for attention is including in executive control. Theorist have described it as manger of knowledge and acts as system related with set of mechanisms coordinated in their functions.and it including in theory of self regulation and theory of meta cognitive. Executive Ettention responsible of resolve conflict between information truly. Phenomenon of Bilingualism is considered important characteristic.It is represented ability to deal with two linguistic systems and keeping attention to allow selecting vocabulary for all language with suitable situation. For a long time, bilingualism was discussed in literary of psychology as Phenomenon delays child 's cognitive developmental. but resent research ensuing that children need to what helping them to separation overlap for two languages and control of complexity between their constructs, so that they develop attentional control that allow to do that and it impossible to effect on their flexibility of thinking.The present research was targeting at : 1 - Preparing tool for personification language background for Kindergarten2 - Determining children whom have bilingualism (Arabic - Kurdish). 3 - Preparing tool for measuring executive attention for Kindergarten5 - Comparison of executive attention according to the sex variable (male , female). For the purpose of fulfilling goals of this research , the researcher has prepared scales for measuring executive attention and planning experimental design to be equal experimental groups by age, working memory and receptive vocabulary. After proving their validity and reliability the research has applied it on a sample of (45) children of both sexes. After collecting data and processing same statistically by the use of chi - square for sample , the research arrived to the following results : 1 - Preschoolers are characterized by the capacity in executive attention.2 - Bilinguals has excelled than Monolingual in executive attention. 3 - No different find out between children according to sex available. In the light of this research , the researcher has arrived to numerous recommendations and proposals.
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التسويف الاكاديمي وعلاقته باساليب التفكير لدى طلبة الجامعة == Academic Procrastination And Relationship To Thinking Styles Of Undergraduates

Author name: رحاب نوري لفتة العبادي
Supervisor name: زينب حياوي بديوي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على : - التسويف الاكاديمي لدى طلبة الجامعة. - الفروق ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في التسويف الاكاديمي لدى طلبة الجامعة حسب المتغيرات ( النوع - التخصص). - اساليب التفكير لدى طلبة الجامعة. - الفروق ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في اساليب التفكي | Title : (Academic Procrastination and Relationship to Thinking Styles of Undergraduates)Current research aims at : - Identifying academic procrastination of undergraduates. - Identifying differences in academic procrastination of undergraduates according to variables (gender and specialization). - Identifying the common thinking styles of undergraduates. - Identifying differences in common thinking styles of undergraduates according to variables (gender and specialization). - Identifying the relationship between academic procrastination level and common thinking styles of undergraduates. Research was conducted to a sample of Al Basra University undergraduates (males and females) according to specialization (i.e. scientific - human) for the academic year 2015 - 2016. For theoretical framework, it concentrated on the following two themes : 1 - Academic procrastination : concept, causing factors, and theories. 2 - Thinking styles : concept, kinds, and theories. Descriptive relational methodology was used to explore the relationship between academic procrastination and common thinking stylesacademic procrastination, and the development of thinking styles through including thinking skills in curricula. As complementary to research, suggestions were concluded for future study such as performing a similar study on a sample of undergraduates with low and high achievement levels. 1 - here were statistically significant differences at (0.05) between mean degrees of the sample according to gender, in favor of males. 2 - There were statistically significant differences at (0.05) between mean degrees of the sample according to specialization. 3 - There was an interaction between gender and specialization related to effects on academic procrastination. Other findings included : 1 - Research sample had more than hypothetical level of common thinking styles. 2 - There were statistically significant differences (at 0.05) between degrees of the sample according to gender in favor of males. 3 - There were no statistically significant differences (at 0.05) between degrees of the sample according to specialization. 4 - There was an interaction between gender and specialization in effects on the four common thinking styles.Moreover, it was found a significant correlation between academic procrastination and common think styles. Results are interpreted and discussed according to the adopted theory of each variable (academic procrastination and thinking styles). Additionally, the results were discussed in relation to literature. The researcher concluded some recommendations included : holding seminars and conferences to decrease academic procrastination and show its passive effects on undergraduates and all levels of society. Moreover, there should beFor procedures, the research was conducted to 800 undergraduates (i.e. 400 respondents as treatment and 400 undergraduates as control group), selected by random stratified method of University faculties.To achieve the goals, Academic Procrastination Scale (63 - items scale divided to behavioral, cognitive and emotional fields) was used; in addition to the translation and using Gregorc's Thinking Styles Scale (15 situations, with four choices per each situation; each respondents are free to choose 2 situations distributed to four fields : concrete sequential, concrete random, abstract random, and abstract sequential. External validity, structure validity indicators and discriminatory validity were considered for the Academic Procrastination Scale. As for Thinking Styles; external validity, translation validity and discriminatory validity were considered. In addition, stability of scales was confirmed through test - retest and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. To verify research procedures and results, the following statistical methodologies were used : (One - sample t - test, two independent samples t - test, two - way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's test for multiple comparisons, relative weight, standard error equation, and Pearson relation coefficient). Research concluded the following findings : 1 - The sample scored higher than hypothesis level in academic procrastination.
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ما وراء الذاكرة وعلاقتها بالدافعية للتعلم لدى طلبة الجامعة == Meta - Memory And Its Relationship With Motivation For Learning Among University Students

Author name: سماء فالح غالي السبيلاوي
Supervisor name: عبد الزهراء لفتة البدران
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يعد موضوع ما وراء الذاكرة من الاستراتيجيات المعرفية الفعالة التي تعمل على تحسين اداء الذاكرة، ورفع كفاءتها اذ تنمي عند الطلبة فهما ووعيا افضل عن كيفية عمل الذاكرة، والوعي باستراتيجيات التذكر المناسبة، والوعي بانظمة الذاكرة المختلفة، وذلك يساعد على انجاز | Meta - memory is considered as one of the effective cognitive strategies that work to improve the performance of the memory, where it grows students' understanding and awareness about the way the memory works and appropriate recalling strategies. This helps perform all cognitive tasks effectively. Thus, it impacts students' motivation to learn and perform. Through this research, we aim to identify : 1. Meta - memory among university students.Z. Motivation to learn among university students.3. The relationship between Meta - memory and motivation to learn.4. Statistically significance differences in the meta - memory scale among university students according to the gender variable (males - females).5. Statistically significance differences in the meta - memory scale among university students according to the stage variable (second - fourth)6. Statistically significance differences in the motivation to learn scale among university students according to the gender variable (males - females).7. Statistically significance differences in the motivation to learn scale among university students according to the stage variable (second - fourth).8. Statistically significance differences in the level of relationship between Metamemory and motivation to learn among university students according to the gender variable (males - females).9. Statistically significance differences in the level of relationship between Metamemory and motivation to learn among university students according to the stage variable (second - fourth).The research sample is (420) male and female second and fourth years students. In order to achieve the goal of the study, the researcher built a meta - memory scale depending on previous studies thattackled the topic. The scale was applied on the study sample (second and fourth years students). Depending on previous studies and scales, the researcher built another scale to measure students' motivation to learn because there weren't any scale that suits the study sample. The psychometric features of the two scales have been verified by the use of thefollowing statistical tests : (T - Test one sample, T - Test two independent samples, Z - test, Pearson correlation, Alpha Cronbach's formula). The following results have been reached at : University students have a good level of meta - memory.University students have a good level of motivation for learning.There is a positive relationship between meta - memory and motivation for learning among university students.There are no statistically significant differences in the level of meta - memory according to the gender variable (males - females).There are statistically significant differences in the level of meta - memory for second year students.There are no statistically significant differences in the level of motivation for learning according to the gender variable (males - females).There are no statistically significant differences in the level of motivation for learning according to the stage variable (second - fourth).There are statistically significant differences in the relationship between the two variables according to the gender variable for females at the expense of males.There are statistically significant differences in the relationship between the two variables according to the stage variable for the second stage at the expense offourth stage.At the end of the research, the researcher came up with a number of suggestions and recommendations.
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الذكاء الثقافي وعلاقته بالاندماج الجامعي لدى طلبة الجامعة

Author name: نجلاء عبد الكاظم محيبس
Supervisor name: عبد المحسن عبد الحسين خضير
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: وقد هدف هذا البحث الى معرفة : 1 - الذكاء الثقافي لدى طلبه الجامعة.2 - الاندماج الجامعي لدى طلبة الجامعة.3 - العلاقه بين الذكاء الثقافي والاندماج الجامعي لدى طلبة الجامعة.4 - العلاقه بين الذكاء الثقافي والاندماج الجامعي لدى طلبة الجامعة على وفق متغيرات.ا - الج
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اثر اسلوب التفاعل الاجتماعي في خفض قلق التدريس لدى طلبة كليات التربية في جامعة البصرة == The Impact Of Social Interaction In Decreasing Teaching Anxiety Among Students Of The Colleges Of Education Basrah University

Author name: اسيا صبري عبد الغني العبد الله
Supervisor name: بتول بناي زبيري
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تعد مهنة التدريس واحدة من الوظائف المهمة في المجتمع. فالنظام التعليمي هو الاساس الذي يبني عليه المجتمع طموحاته وازدهاره ورقيه. اما المعلم فانه اهم العناصر التي لها دور فاعل في تطور النظام التعليمي. فعندما يقوم المعلم بالتدريس في الفصول الدراسية فانه | Teaching is one of the important carriers in the society. The educational system is the foundation upon which the society builds its ambitions, prosperity and development. As for the teacher, he is the most important of the factors that effectively impact the development of the educational system. When the teacher teaches study classes he faces and undergoes many pressures among which is worry. The teacher's anxiety during his presence in the classes contributes in creating many problems like; the effectiveness of class activities, their quality and the way they are conducted. Anxiety that is resultant of teaching appears clearly at the beginning of the teaching experience or before it. This appears on the student teachers at the colleges of education who suffer a lot from the problem of teaching worry. - Social interaction is one of the main processes in all the different society institutions; it works on building mental health of individuals. Mental health has a positive relationship with social interactions, where the person who has social interaction can control worry. Anxiety is one of the most famous psychological variables that emerged in the present century. Anxiety in general and teaching anxiety in particular is one of the most important variables that affect trainees in the professional preparation stage. The importance of teaching anxiety appears clearly among the students during the teaching practicum period for the first time. The teaching process represents a new experience for the teacher students. Joyce and Gift emphasize the importance of building a training program whose objective is to enable the student teacher to socially interact with the carrier and overcome the difficulty of the teaching carrier. American experimentalist sociologists have taken interaction as main variable in their experiments, for it suits their wish of objectivity, as it is a great understanding tool among those who study the operations of small groups whether they are at the factory or at the protected group. - This research aims at identifying the following : 1. Teaching anxiety among students of the colleges of Education at the University of Basrah.2. The impact of the social interaction method in decreasing teaching anxiety among students of the colleges of Education at the University of Basrah.The following hypotheses are based on this objective : • There are no statistically significant differences at (0.05) in the post - test for the teaching anxiety scale in the experimental and control groups. • There are no statistically significant differences at (0.05) in the (pre - test - post - test) for the teaching anxiety scale in the experimental group.• There are no statistically significant differences at (0.05) in the (pre - test - post - test) for the teaching anxiety scale in the control group. - The basic research sample is composed of (845) fourth year students from the colleges of Education (college of Education for Human Sciences, College of Education for Pure Sciences, College of Education for Women, College of Education - Qurna, and College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences) at the University of Basrah. The experimental sample, (20) students, was chosen randomly from the college of Education for Human Sciences in the academic year (2015 - 2016). They were distributed randomly into two even groups, an experimental group and a control one. - To achieve the goals of the research, the researcher adopted teaching anxiety scale presented by (Parsons, 1973) (TCHAS (1)(29)) translated by Saied Aldhufri and Ayda Albosaidia (2009), and built a training program according to the social interaction method, it was composed of a theoretical side and a practical one depending on (R.F. Bales) theory of social interaction. - The researcher balanced the students of both groups in a number of variables (pre - test of the teaching anxiety scale, father and mother's qualification, age, gender). - The researcher investigated the validity of the scale and the training program through face validity method. The reliability of the scale was measured by Alpha Cronbach's formula. The scale's reliability was (0.80). The final form of the scale included 29 items (15 negative and 14 positive) and alternatives (Always, often, sometimes, rarely, never). Theoretical grading of the scales ranges between (29 - 145) points with a theoretical mean about (87). - The researcher used the following statistical means (T - Test one sample, Alpha Cronbach's formula, Mann Whitney Test, Wilcoxon Test). - The research reached at the following results : 1. Students of the colleges of Education at the University teaching anxiety where the mean obtained was a little lower than the hypothesized one.2. The results of the training program according to social interaction method showed that the program was effective. - In the light of the results obtained, the researcher concluded that : 1. The teaching anxiety scale (TCHAS (1) - 29) is effective in measuring teaching anxiety as previous studies had shown.2. The social interaction method is effective in decreasing the level of teaching anxiety among the students of the colleges of Education. - Depending on these results, the researcher recommended the following : 1. It is necessary to pay attention to the practical and training sides in the teacher preparation programs at the colleges of Education.2. It is necessary for the professors at the colleges of Education who supervise student teachers to advise them and decrease their fears and difficulties - The researcher also suggested the following : 1. Conducting a similar study to be applied to newly appointed teachers.2. Conducting a study to identify the hindrances of social interaction throughout the lectures at the colleges of Education
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الكدر الزواجي وعلاقته بكل من البلادة الوجدانية والكمالية العصابية عند المتزوجين == Marital Distress As Related To Alexithymia And Neurotic Perfectionism Of Married

Author name: زينب حياوي بديوي الخفاجي
Supervisor name: بتول بناي زبيري
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Psychological And Educational Guidance
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Mariage stability and continuity depend on understanding, adaptation, and adjustment between spouses. When a relationship is successful, it becomes a source of satisfaction for individuals; which make them feel belonging to the other part and give power to face hardships. When failed, it leads to unhappiness than could be imagined. Marital relationship goes without distress and obstacles. As a long - term relationship, marriage faces problems which may cause spouses feel frustrated with marital life. Thus, family disconnection constitutes great danger for spouses and offspring. So, spouses are confused because of problems about their disability to settle disputes as a result of deficits in personality such as neurotic perfectionism. Perfectionist spouses put high goals and expectations of self and others, and feel failure and distress when facing a difficulty in achieving them. So, it is negatively reflected on their marriage in addition to difficulties in emotional expression and inability to express emotions to partner, and causing marital distress. Thus, current study aimed at : - Identifying marital distress for a sample of spouses. - Identifying differences in marital distress according to sex, academic achievment, and duration of marriage variables. - alexithymia of the sample of spouses. - Identifying differences in alexithymia according to sex, academic achievement, and duration of marriage variables. - Neurotic perfectionism of the sample of spouses. - Identifying differences in neurotic perfectionism according to sex, academic achievement, and duration of marriage variables. - Identifying the relationship between marital distress, alexithymia, and neurotic perfectionism of the sample. - Identifying contribution of both neurotic perfectionism and alexithymia (independent variables) in marital distres (dependent variable).Research was applied on a sample of professors and employees in Basra university. They all were spouses of both sexes (males and females) during the academic year 2014 - 2015. As for theoretical framework, it was dealt with through the following three basic topics : 1 - Marital distress : concept, factors and interpreting theories. 2 - Alexithymia : concept, prevalence, distinctive features, and theories. 3 - Neurotic perfectionism : concept, types, dimensions; old and new trends of interpretation. Relational descriptive methodology was used to identify marital distress and relationship to neurotic perfectionism and alexithymia. For procedures, study was performed on applied (n= 410 respondents) and control sample (n= 400 respondents0 of spouses (teaching staff and employees). The sample was selected randomly from faculties and centres of the university. To achieve aims of the current research, a marital distress scale was prepared and applied on the sample. The scale consisted of (72) items distributed on six firlds (i.e. lack of communication, dissatisfaction, negative escalation, problem solving, lack of intimacy and love; and increased disagreements). In addition, neurotic perfectionism scale was built and applied. The scale consisted of (38) items distributed on three fields (i.e. self - oriented perfectionism, other - oriented perfectionism, and social perfectionism. Furthermore, Alexithymia scale was adapted. The scale consisted of (20) items distributed on three fields including difficulty of feelings description, difficulty of feelings identification, and thinking oriented outwards. The three scales (i.e. marital distress, neurotic perfectionism, and alexithymia) considered physical validity and structure validity indicators. In addition, stablity of the three scales were verified through re - test and Alfa internal consistency coefficient. To verify procedures and findings, the following statistical tools were used : Chi - square test, t - test for single sample, t - test for relationship significance coeefficient, three - way variance analysis, Scheffe test for multiple comparisons, Percentile weight, standardized error equation, Pearson relational co - efficient, multiple relational coefficient, and multiple liner slope. Current study findings were as follow : 1 - Research sample had higher than hypothetical average score of marital distress.2 - There are statistically significant differences at (0.05) level between degrees of the sample according to sex variable (in favor of females), and marriage duration (in favore of marriages more than 15 years). 3 - There are no statistically significant differences at (0.05) level between degrees of the sample according to academic achievement variable.4 - There is an interaction between sex and duration of marriage variables as effective in marital distress. 5 - There is no interaction between (sex and academic achievement), (duration of marriage and academic achievement), and (sex, academic achievement, and duration of marriage) as effective in marital distress.Moreover, it was found that : 1 - Research sample had higher level than hypothetical average score of neurotic perfectionism.2 - There are statistically significant differences at (0.05) level between degrees of the sample according to sex variable (in favor of females), and academic achievement (in favore of institutes).3 - There are no statistically significant differences at (0.05) level between degrees of the sample according to duration of marriage variable.4 - There is no interaction between (sex and academic achievement), (sex and duration of marriag), (duration of marriage and academic achievement), and (sex, academic achievement and duration of marriage) as effective in neurotic perfectionism.Additionally, it was found that : 1 - Research sample had higher than hypothetical average score of alexithymia.2 - There are statistically significant differences at (0.05) level between degrees of the sample according to sex variable (in favor of males).3 - There are no statistically significant differences at (0.05) level between degrees of the sample according to academic achievement variable and duration of marriage.4 - There is no interaction between (sex and academic achievement), (sex and duration of marriage), (duration of marriage and academic achievement) and (sex, academic achievement, and duration of marriage) as effective in alexithymia.Furthermore, it was found a significant positive relationship between marital distress and neurotic perfectionism; and significant positive relationship between marital distress and alexithymia. It was concluded that both neurotic perfectionism and alexithymia have statistically significant contributions to marital distress. However, neurotic perfectionism variable was the highest contribution, followed by alexithymia in predicting marital distress. The researcher interpreted and discussed findings in accordance with the adopted theory with each variable (i.e. marital distress, alexithymia and neurotic perfecrtionism). Findings were discussed along with findings of literature. Thus, the researcher concluded the contribution of the two independent variables (alexithymia and neurotic perfectionism) in marital distress of teaching staff and employees spouses encourages other researchers to study psychological and personal problems in following cases and experiments. In addition, research concluded several recommendations including the interest in marital coumselling during all stages of marriage through family counselling centres, mass media and family care centres to provide them with information about marriage and relationship improvement. At the end of study, the researcher suggested future studies including : building a counselling program to reduce neurotic perfectionism, alexithymia and marital distress for a sample of spouses.
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اثر الارشاد التربوي في تعديل مستوى طموح طالبات الصف الثالث

Author name: نوال جاسم محمد البدري
Supervisor name: مها حسين يوسف سالم البدر
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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اساليب المعالجة المعرفية للمعلومات الدراسية عند طلبة الجامعة == Cognitive Processing Of Aeademic Information By University Atudents

Author name: اسعد شريف مجدي الامارة
Supervisor name: عامر حسن ياسر المهنا
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Educational Guidance
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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بناء اداة لقياس دافعية المرشدين التربويين نحو مهنتهم == Constructing An Implement Of Measuring The Motivation Of The Educational Counselors Towards Their Profession.

Author name: احمد محمد نوري محمود الحيالي
Supervisor name: مهدي صالح هجرس
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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الذكاء الشخصي وعلاقته بادارة الانفعالات لدى المدرسين == Personal Intelligence Relationship With The Management Of Agitation Among Teachers

Author name: نور احسان علي الحيالي
Supervisor name: شيماء صلاح حسين العبيدي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The present study aims at achievement of the following goals : A. The level of Personal Intelligence for Teachers.B. The level of Emotions Management for Teachers.C. The Statistical relationship between personal intelligence and emotions management.D. Statistically significant differences between personal intelligence and emotional management according to the gender and social state variables.To achieve the goals of this study , the researcher applied the scale of Personal Intelligence Relationship With The Management Of Agitation Among Teachers , Construct personal intelligence scale of (28) item with weight of (3 , 2 , 1) respectively , and adopting Alma’mory’s(2008) emotional intelligence scale of (44) items for (4) fields each with (11) items. The items alternatives are (always , mostly sometimes , rarely , never) with correction weight (5, 4, 3, 2, 1) respectively.To check the reliability and validity to the secondary school of the province of Baghdad to achieve this , the researcher choose the sample examined the way stratified random amounting to (300) as a teacher and a school of male and female.The date has been processed using the statistical methods hence the researcher used the statistical package for social sciences( spss ) in the procedures and analysis of the date for the current research and as following : Pearson coefficient between the clause degree and the total degree for the Personal Intelligence Quotient and the Management of Agitation and the accounting of Reliability by the repetition way and Alpha - Cronbach coefficient to account the Reliability for the Personal Intelligence Quotient parameters , The Ttest for two independent samples to account the validity of the clauses of the Personal Intelligence Quotient and The Management of Agitation , and the the differences in the two variables determined according to the sex and the social status , Z - test for the indication of the coefficients to account the difference in the relationship between the Personal Intelligence Quotient and the Management ofAgitation. - The results of the present study show that : A. The level of personal intelligence is more medium comparing withhypothesized mean of personal intelligence scale.B. The level of emotional intelligence is higher than medium comparing with hypothesized mean of emotional intelligence scale.C. There are statistically significant differences between personal intelligence and emotional management in both variables.D. There are statistically significant differences in personal intelligence in favor of the unmarried males.E. There are statistically significant differences in personal intelligence scale and emotional intelligence scale in favor of the unmarried. - The researcher out a number of recommendations and proposals
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المفاضلة في الخصائص القياسية لاساليب انتقاء الفقرات الاختبارية لمقياس التحكم المدرك وفقا لنظرية المنحنى المميز للفقرة == A Comparison In Standard Characteristics Of Items Selection Test Methods For Perceived Control Scale According To The Theory Of Characteristic Item Curve

Author name: هشام جمعة صويح شامخ
Supervisor name: محمد انور محمود السامرائي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Measurement and Evaluation
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الحالي الى اجراء مفاضلة بين اساليب انتقاء الفقرات الاختبارية لمقياس التحكم المدرك لدى طلبة الجامعة في الخصائص القياسية وفقا لنظرية المنحنى المميز للفقرة. وقد تم تحقيق هذا من خلال هدفين رئيسين. تمثل الهدف الاول في بناء ثلاث صور من مقياس التحك | The current research aimed to make a differentiation between selection test items for perceived control scale among university students in the standard characteristics according to theory of Characteristic item curve. This has been achieved through two Aims. The first Aim is to build three forms of perceived control scale according to three items selection test methods (method based on theoretical framework, method based on synthesis - logical and method based on factor analysis).The researcher followed scientific steps to achieve these aims, according to the theory of responding to item, starting with the first and second scale (theoretical and synthesis - logical) instructed of these items displayed on expert authorities in Educational and Psychological Sciences, to make sure that these items have appropriate characteristics availability of items scale and alternatives, in form and content, and that it describes the measured characteristic based on definition that was specified for each measure separately, and after making some necessary adjustments, all of two scales promised to measure what was good for in order to measure them. And to ensure the clarity of items and instructions to our research sample, and to determine the time required for performance, the two scales applied to pilot sample of (104 students) from outside statistical analysis sample, and appeared that all instructions and items of each scale were clear. In order to determine the standard characteristics of the two measures and there items, as well as verification of model assumptions, the scale was applied to a sample of (1,100 male and female students) from university students in morning studies in city of Baghdad, which they were selected in a random manner with proportional stratified random sample. The researcher adopted Rating Scale Model originating from a single - parametric model, using a statistical method called (ConstructMap.4.6), resulting in two scales contain (39 and 36) items respectively. And to build a third form for perceived control scale by factorial analysis method, the researcher translated two foreign scales and displayed to expert authorities in Educational and Psychological Sciences to show their opinion about items and alternatives, in terms of form and content, and appropriateness for the local environment, and in terms of classification for measured feature on the basis of the definition that was specified for each unit measured, and with some minor linguistic on two scales on a sample to account time and instructions clarity, and then two scales applied to the same research sample, collected data answers for four scales (theoretical scale and synthesis - logical scale and the two foreign scales) to analysis in a factorial analysis method by using statistical bag of Social Sciences ( SPSS), and to draw the third form of the scale and factorial analysis under controls of using this method, which had produced a scale consists of (60) items which adopted to appropriate assumptions to analysis model. With this the standard features have been identified, to all items and to total scale for the three images to measure perceived control, and using the same statistical method. The second aim was to make differential comparisons between these three forms for measure perceived control in standard characteristics. These procedures showed in accordance to comparisons as follow : Suitable for adjusted estimate for progressive answers in building perceived control scale. And then retained items and individuals that achieved the model assumptions, and overall items and scales had good standard characteristics. For a comparison between three scale forms, it started with (information function and standard error) which showed that all scale forms were close, and results did not showed wide differences between them. So the Tau coefficient of progressive answers difficulty values revealed that three scales forms were close, and there were no significant differences statistically between them after using Kroskal - Alice equation. For property of stability, results showed, that there was a convergence and divergence in this property also, For stability based on information function, and the separation between individuals, there was a convergence in all scale forms, but for the stability that based on calculates variance between expected and observed individuals responses, which calculated through the statistical method, the form of the factorial scale characterized by consistently was higher than other tow form scales. Results from reliability property showed that there was a convergence and divergence of this property, there was a convergence and uniformity in reliability property function represented by accuracy of estimation factor, and there were no statistically significant differences between the three forms of perceived control scale in accuracy of estimation factor based on characteristic test Function. While there were significant differences between forms of scale in sincerity of selection of behavioral scope which objectively interpreter by variance , as it shows there was a statistically significant differences in favor of higher variance ratio for scale of factorial forms of scale, which offers highest ratio of interpreter variance, followed by a theoretical scale and finally synthesis scale.In summary, researcher can judge by convergence of the three forms of scales in standard characteristics, for both items and overall scale. Despite appearance of some statistical differences in factorial method of some of standard characteristics in current research. But cannot resolve the priority by other test methods to prefer some items on another. According to current research results, the researcher reached some conclusions, recommendations and proposals
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التفكير الحاذق وعلاقته باساليب معالجة المعلومات لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية == Smart Thinking And Its Relationship With Methods Of Information Processing At Secondary Schools' Students

Author name: هديل علي جبر الشمري
Supervisor name: سالي طالب علوان
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تحتل مسالة التفكير في علم النفس وفي العلوم الاخرى مكانة رئيسة لان مهمة التفكير تكمن في ايجاد حلول مناسبة للمشكلات التي تواجه الفرد في المجتمع والتي تتجدد باستمرار مما يدفعه للبحث دوما عن طرق واساليب جديدة تمكنه من تجاوز الصعوبات والعقبات وتقليص اضرارها ا | The case of Thinking in Psychology and other sciences has a great and a prominent place as the task of Thinking is concentrated in finding out suitable solutions for problems that Individual faces in Community which are renewed Constantly and continually that matter leads him to look for new methods that enable him overcoming difficulties and obstacles as well as to decrease their damages to the fullest possible extent.As nature of this era that we live in needs to untraditional Thinkers , needs to Smart Thinkers who are characterized with several skills that they can adapt with this dramatic change and with this rapid cognitive development.Smart Thinking presents great support and assistance for students in performing their duties in best manner , and leading them accessing new solutions and alternatives previously unknown when a problem happens, on other hand , it requires further experiences ,more training , and continuous education in order to be achieved well. It is so necessary to Invest students ' potentials in best ways and to shift methods of teaching from memorization and teaching into new methods that depend on teaching students how to deal with information and produce or reproducing accurate objective knowledge and to enable them to benefit from their studying so as to raise educational sufficiency. In accordance to what are said above , objectives of Thesis are determined in the following below points : 1. The level of Smart Thinking for Secondary Schools ' Students.2. Statistically significant differences in Smart Thinking due to the couple variables of (Gender - Branch).3. The level of Methods of processing information for the Smart Thinkers for Secondary Schools ' Students. 4. Statistically significant differences in methods of processing information due to the couple variables of (Gender - Branch).5. The relationship between Smart Thinking and methods of processing information for students of secondary schools.6. Contribution methods of processing information in Smart Thinking.The current research is determined in students of fourth grade in secondary school (morning Study) for both Branches (Scientific & Literary One) for schools that belong to Directorates of Education Karkh I in Baghdad Governorate for the academic years (2014 - 2015) For the purpose of achieving the objectives of Thesis , Researcher relies on the following : • Building smart thinking component of (60 items ) as the final paragraph, the researcher has extracted a measure of validity and reliability.• Adopting a Scale (1981, Schmeck) which is translated by by (Hamadi, 1997) for methods of information processing and is composed of four sub - scales and component of (43 items), the researcher has extracted a measure of validity and reliability. The researcher applies smart thinking measurement on the research sample amounting to scale (500) students were chosen stratified in random way then she applied the methods of information processing scale to students of thinking smart, which numbered (153 students) from the original research sample.The researcher found the following results : 1. The Preparatory fourth grade students have smart thinking.2. Female smart thinking enjoy a much higher degree than males.3. Scientific branch students enjoy thinking and much higher degree of smart literary Branch students.4. The Preparatory fourth grade students who have smart thinking are characterized by possessing methods of information processing.5. The lack of statistically significant differences among students in the fourth grade Preparatory of males and females in the methods of information processing.6. The lack of statistically significant differences among students in the fourth grade Preparatory of both scientific and literary branches in the methods of information processing.7. The presence of correlation between the methods of information processing and smart thinking.8. Contribute methods of information processing statistically significant contribution to addressing in smart thinking. In light of these results the researcher put forward a number of recommendations including : • The need to help students acquire methods information processing to suit modern requirements and to achieve the required smart thinking better level.• Increased interest in the educational system in the processing of students on the basis of how to think , and how to organize information. The researcher put forward a number of proposals including : • Conducting a comparison study on a sample of students (National School, Non - Governmental schools).• Conducting a study on methods of information processing and its relation to Cognitive beliefs.
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التفرد وعلاقته بالتفكير الاخلاقي والمسؤولية الاجتماعية لدى المرشدات التربويات == Individuality And Its Relation With Moral Reasoning And Social Responsibility Of Female Educational Counselors

Author name: هدى عبد الرزاق محمد الجنديل
Supervisor name: ازهار عبود حسون الجواري
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Doctorate
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعد دور المرشدة التربوية دورا فاعلا للقيام بمهام عملها الارشادي في المدرسة وهي المسؤولة الاولى عن تخطيط وتنفيذ البرامج الارشادية ومتابعتها , وتعمل المرشدة من خلال العلاقة الارشادية على فهم المسترشدة ومساعدتها على فهم نفسها، واختيار افضل البدائل المتاحة له | Educational female counselor plays a vital role in performing her counseling task in a school. She is firstly responsible on planning, performing and following the counseling programs. The counselor works throughout the counseling relationship to understanding the client, assisting her to understand herself and choosing the best available alternatives according to her awareness and assessment of the social environment requirements. Individuality represents the individual awareness of his abilities, possibilities and aptitudes in addition to self - confidence, distinctiveness, independency and self - control. Where the person knows his job requirements and its success conditions. The female educational counselor individuality represents her distinctiveness in achievement and is obvious in the context of her personal interaction with other female counselors. The present research aims at measuring individuality, moral reasoning and social responsibility of female educational counselors and knowing how ethical reasoning , social responsibility, years of service and academic specialization contribute in individuality. To achieve these aims the researcher has prepared individuality scale depending on Gilligan theory which determine it with four behavioral components : self - conscious increasing, understanding others without following them, pure and good memory and the considerably constant experience. (36) items have been formulated by using reported statements where each item has five ranked alternatives for answering : (always, frequently, sometimes, seldom and never) given them when correcting (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) ,respectively for items formulated towards individuality and the correcting is reversed for items formulated away from individuality. The researcher has ascertained from the discriminatory power of the items and the coefficient of their validity by applying the scale on (400) female counselors chosen randomly categorical. As a result the final form of the scale consist of (33) items for measuring individuality. The researcher has ascertained from the validity of the scale by using face validity through exposing it along with a questionnaire on (12) in psychological sciences and psychometric and also by the indicators of constructing validity through factorial validity and the relation between the item grade with the total grade, also the relation of the item grade with the behavioral component that it belongs to and by the internal relations array among the grades of components. The reliability of the scale has been ascertained by using Alpha - Cronbach formula where it is (0.72) when applying the scale on (50) female counselors. As for the concept of moral reasoning , the researcher has prepared a scaledepending on Gilligan theory which determine it with three behavioral components : expressing emotions, taking care of others feelings and transparency. (30) itemshave been formulated by using the style of verbal situation, for each situation there are threeanswers : the first (selfishness), the second (standards) and the third represents (moral thinking) when correcting they are given grades (1, 2, 3) respectively. The researcher has ascertained from the discriminatory power of the scale items and the coefficient of their validity by applying the scale on (400) female counselors. As a result the final form of the scale consists of (25) items for measuring the ethical thinking. The researcher has ascertained from the validity of the scale by using face validity through exposing it along with a questionnaire on (12) in psychological sciences and psychometric and also by the indicators of constructing validity through factorial validity and the relation between the item grade with the total grade, also the relation of the item grade with the behavioral component that it belongs to and by the internal relations array among the grades of components. The reliability of the scale has been ascertained by using Alpha - Cronbach formula where it is (0.74) when applying the scale on (50) female counselors. As far as the concept of social responsibility is concerned, the researcher has preparedthe social responsibility scale depending on Gilligan theory which determine it with five behavioral components : moral silence, moral emotions, deeply thinking with moral problems, ethical and cognitive association and anti - violence and harmony. (45) items have been formulated by using reported statements where each item has five ranked alternatives for answering : (always, frequently, sometimes, seldom and never) given them when correcting (5, 4, 3, 2, 1) respectively for items formulated towards social responsibility and the correcting is reversed for items formulated against social responsibility. The researcher has ascertained from the discriminatory power of the items and the coefficient of their validity by applying the scale on (400) female counselors chosen randomly categorical. As a result the final form of the scale consist of (39) items for measuring social responsibility. The researcher has ascertained from the validity of the scale by using face validity through exposing it along with a questionnaire on (12) in psychological sciences and psychometric and also by the indicators of constructing validity through factorial validity and the relation between the item grade with the total grade, also the relation of the item grade with the behavioral component that it belongs to and by the internal relations array among the grades of components. The reliability of the scale has been ascertained by using Alpha - Cronbach formula where it is (0.79) when applying the scale on (50) female counselors. After ascertaining from the psychometric properties of the research scale and their items, they are applied on the major sample of the research which consists of (300) female counselors randomly categorical chosen according to the variables of academic specialization and years of service. The data of the present research have been analysed by using the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) and the results show the following : 1 - Female counselors are characterized by individuality, moral reasoning and social responsibility.2 - Both of social responsibility and the academic specialization contribute in predicting of individuality whereas moral reasoning and years of service do not contribute in predicting individuality. Accordingly, the researcher has recommended a number of recommendations such as the necessity of enhancing the care of female counselors with their individuality because it considers from the important positive aspects of their personalities. The researcher has suggested to conduct future studies like conducting the same variables on male counselors and then comparing its results with the results of the present research.
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النميمة وعلاقتها بالحاجة الى الانتماء == Gossip And Its Relationship To The Need For Belonging

Author name: هبة فرزدق محمد جواد
Supervisor name: علي عودة محمد الحلفي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Literature - Department Of Psychology
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعيش المجتمع العراقي زمنا كثرت فيه الازمات والاحداث المؤلمة، فواقع الحياة اصبح محفوفا بالمخاطر والاحداث والخبرات الصارمة، وان امن المرء النفسي يعد مهددا اذا ماتعرض لضغوط نفسية، او اجتماعية او سياسية لاطاقة له بها، الامر الذي يؤدي الى الاخفاق في اشباع ح | Iraqi society lives in a time in which crises and painful events have escalated. The reality of life has become fraught with risks, events, and tough experience. And one's psychological security is deemed threatened if it is exposed to psychological, social and political stress which he can not bear. Moreover, that will cause failure in meeting security needs for someone which makes him not harmonious psychologically and socially, So, some of the behaviors, that are not preferred like gossip ,appear.Gossip is one of the social and cultural phenomena which have been addressed by many psychologists recently. it has been turned out that gossip may achieve some psychological needs through the exchange of information and this information covers everything about ones' life. But at the same time, if gossip is overused, that will affect the relations between individuals and their closely ties. And that what motivates the researcher to deal importantly with another variable which is need for belonging that is considered a strong source to bring members for the group and resist to abandon it (group).However, this variable is able to supply others with a sensitive stimulus that will not make life get bored and they can give kindness and protection against risks. subsequently, one's need for other lies in meeting his needs that he can not solve or meet by himself, so, they will make him feel secure and self - respect will increase. Hence, the importance of studying the relation between gossip and need for belonging for Iraqi society specially State employees came.The study aims at identifying : 1. Gossip among State employees.2. Significance of the difference among state employees according to the gender variable (male - female).3. belonging among State employees.4. Significance of the difference in the need for belonging among employees of State Ministries depending on gender variable (male - female).5. Nature of relation between gossip and need for belonging among employees of State Ministries.This current research has been determined to the employees of both genders in State Ministries in Baghdad for the year 2016.Regarding the theoretical framework, the researcher showed a number of theories specific to gossip and another number of theories specific to need for belonging. The researcher, in her study, adopted Foster theory, 2004 for gossip variable and Hagerty theory; 1992 for need for belonging variable in order to achieve the goals of the research, the researcher followed the necessary procedures to translate the two measures of gossip and need for belonging in which measures of gossip, in its final form, is composed of 23 items and the measures of need for belonging, in its final form, is composed of 18 items. Moreover, the validity of translation and face validity and construct validity have achieved for the two measures.while reliability was extracted for the two measures ways : split - half reliability method and cronbach's method. so, fortitude in split - half reliability method is in two alpha (0.86), and in cronbach's alpha method (0.87) for gossip measure while in the measure of need for belonging, reliability in split - half reliability method reached to (0.86) and in cronbach's alpha method (0.91).After applying the two measures to a sample of employees composed of 450 male and female employees, the research results showed the following : 1. State employees have a high degree of gossip and they have a high need for belonging.2. The absence of differences, according to the variable of gender (male - female), in each of gossip and need forbelonging.3. There is a correlative and relation between the two variables of gossip and need for belonging in employees of State Ministries.According to these results, the researcher presents Rec - ommendations and suggestions to conduct further studies.
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التفكير التسلطي وعلاقته بعامل الشخصية (المحافظ - الراديكالي) لدى رؤساء الاقسام العلمية في الجامعة == Authoritarian Thinking And Its Relationship With Personal Factor Conservative - Radical) With Heads Scientific Departments In Universities

Author name: هاله رحيم عطية
Supervisor name: محمد سعود صغير الشمري
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: نجد من الصعب، ان تسير العملية التعليمية بشكلها الصحيح في اجواء تسودها حب السيطرة وفرض القرارات، وعدم المناقشة، والخوف، كما هو الحال لدى ذوي التفكير التسلطي في تعاملهم مع من هم اقل درجة منهم , وفي المقابل يكون على الطرف الاخر الاذعان والرضوخ والخوف وقتل ر | We find it really hard to walk the correct form of the educational process in an atmosphere dominated by love of control, impose decision ,lack of discussion and fear as the case with those who have the authoritarian - minded in dealing with those who are less degree of them, in return, the other side should be submission ,fear, and killing the spirit of creativity.Sometimes the condition experienced by human whether his own family upbringing or as a result of the conditions of society and its problems and fluctuations make him used to a certain pattern in his life does not depart from it perhaps out of fear of a result cant be tolerate or respect for the footsteps of their biggest in terms of customs, traditions, religion and thinking, while we find the owners of preservative personality in the contrast of the liberal person , who is more open, accepting the new, acceptance of modern views with the desire to get rid of restrictions and the unequal submit to the conditions of the usual and respect for the rights and values of work and equality between people regardless of considerations of sex, religion, profession and respect the right of others to choose the life style and behavior and accept mans rights in leadership and progress without assessing the progress of his right or even if they disagree with the view of the man himself or community.It is no doubt that the progress and development sought by man to achieve happiness depends on the pattern of thinking practiced by man in his daily life and dealing with the various issues and things , authoritarian thinking is an obstacle in the way of sound thinking because the owners of authoritarian thinking do not believe in borders either be with or against (white or black), does not tolerate other and limiting tolerance with their supporters in opinion and thought and thus create an atmosphere infused with fear ,submission and kill the spirit of innovation and experimentation and innovation in place that controlled by this type of thinking and this is incompatible with the laws of healthy life.Knowing the properties of people with different types of thinking if it was a relable basic in accurate predicting in types of thinking that are done by those people that differs in metal abilities and different ways of thinking in facing different situations.The individuals with personal conservative and radical have influence in dealing with the around them of individuals or group of people because of what they have of ideas and beliefs about things they believe in and the desire of applying it in various fields of life. thanks to likert for rumor this concept of the psychological heritage in his famous book on the measurement of trends which was released in 1932.as promised radical - conservatism (liberation) of vital topics in cognitive psychology and social. As for conservatives personality tends to maintaining the existing conditions or which used to exist it has the opposition to change opinion and religious beliefs, this kind of personality has thinking , behavior and personal character of appeasement. conservative people tend to be clinging to their beliefs and attitudes and find it really difficult to change, they prefer to deal with things that are proven and reliable ,tends to be traditional in their behavior, tend to accept the authority and respect it. they are stubborn in their ways and not irritable emotional response(costa&widiger,1994,3) liberals tend to be not restricted by law permanently and to look on the possibility of development and change. They prefer mysterious attitudes ,they love renewal change in work and life they are open - minded and mentally enjoy flexibly through their dealings with different positions.The current research aimed to identify the : 1 - authoritarian thinking among heads scientific departments.2 - radical - conservative personal factor among heads of scientific departments in universities.3 - the relationship between authoritarian thinking and the conservative - radical personal factor at the heads of scientific departments in universities.4 - the difference in relationship between authoritarian thinking and radical - conservative personal factor with heads scientific departments according to : - variable specialization(scientific - humanist) - variable service(long - short).The current study identified the heads of scientific department in universities for the year(2013 - 2014)the two scales was applied on the research sample which are (430)heads departments were selected randomly ,in order to achieve the goals of this research ,the research built a scale of authoritarian thinking and personal scale factor(radical - coservative)after determing the theoretical and identify areas that make up the authoritarian thinking and personal factor (radical - conservative) ,this scale of authoritarian thinking included 37 paragraph debloyed between four areas and the personal factor scale included (42)paragraph deployed.It was checked of its sacrometerian properties through getting the honesty and honesty of building as for the stableness , it was for both scale in re - tasting ,for authoreterian thinking it was (0,83)and personal factor personality (conservative - radical)(0,85).After processing the data statistically current research found the following result : 1. the heads of departments do not have the authoritarian thinking.2. the heads departments do not have conservative personalities they are radical.3. There is relationship between authoriterian thinking and personsl factor (conservative - radical) but its weak.4. there is no difference in relationship between authoritarian thinking and (radical - conservative)
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التوقعات المستقبلية وعلاقتها بقوة السيطرة المعرفية لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية == Future Expectations And Their Relation To Cognitive Holding Power In Students Of Preparatory Stage

Author name: نورا حازم جواد
Supervisor name: لمياء ياسين زغير الركابي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: At present time, the world is witnessing un preceded change in considering future. As it is one of the things that form the major part of the challenge encountering societies. This situation requires a good knowledge about the abilities of society's members in order to make aims suitable to these members' abilities. Our success and our failure and the tasks we are to implement, all, depend on our being optimistic or pessimistic. The variety and abundance of capacities are not enough to achieve success in daily life, also, they are not enough to reach future ambitions, un less we have the suitable and enough amount of optimism. Each of us has his own problems that need effective and inventive solutions. This obliges us to use high0 order cognitive procedures suitable to resolve these problems. We need to have two types of cognitive Holding power (CHP) which is a learner's situation emerges from promoting learning position to the level of using cognitive procedures of first or second order. The first order of cognitive Holding power refers to a learner's position which entails their following regulations and qualitative procedures which the teacher chooses. As to the second order of cognitive Holding power, it refers a learner's positions which entails their performing their work by themselves and engage in the activities which require using different conceptions to discover strategies and solve all problems encountering the different learning situations. Preparatory level represents an important stage in individual's life because it is a basis from which he set out to study in college And to choose his scientific and professional future in accordance with the student's abilities in order to be scientifically qualified to serve their society in all aspects of life. So, because of the significance of the preparatory stage, all requirements which develop student's experience and skills should be fulfilled in cognitive holding power and all domains. Therefore the present research aimed to define the following points : 1 - Future expectations in students of preparatory stage (optimism - pessimism). 2 - Cognitive Holding power in students of preparatory stage 3 - The relationship between future expectations and the orders of Cognitive Holding power in students of preparatory school. 4 - The difference in relationship between future expectations and the orders of Cognitive Holding power according to the variable of gender (male - female). 5 - The difference in relationship between future expectations and the orders of Cognitive Holding power according to the variable of branch (scientific - literary). In order to achieve the aims of the research, two devices were used : the first future expectations measure which was constructed by the researcher. The researcher made sure of the validity of the measure by presenting it to many experts. After that the items were collected and analyzed. Then, the validity and the reliability of the measure were checked the final measure consists of (24) items the other measure was of Cognitive Holding power and the researcher adopted Stevenson's measure which consists two orders of Cognitive Holding power, the first order (FOCHP) and second order (SOCHP). This measure consists of (30) items. The validity and the liability of the measure were checked. The sample of the researcher consists of (400) students (male and female) in preparatory stage from AL - Karkh third directorate of educational. The students were randomly chosen. The research came up with the following findings : 1 - Students of preparatory stage have optimistic Future expectations; they are not affected by the standing situation.2 - The middle school students look alike in the level of thinking while they are in the learning environments are similar3 - The variable of future expectations is positively related to the variable of Cognitive holding power. 4 - There are no statistically significant differences between future expectations and Cognitive holding power (CHP) according to the gender variable (male - female). 5 - here are no statistically significant differences between future expectations and the first - order Cognitive holding power according to the gender variable. 6 - There are no statistically significant differences between future expectations and the second - order Cognitive holding power according to the gender variable. 7 - the specialty variable is not statistically significant on the two measure of the present research. In the light of the research findings many recommendations and suggestions were presented
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الايحاء الذاتي وعلاقته بالتفكير الاستراتيجي لدى ادارات المدارس == The Autosuggestion And Its Relation With The Strategic Thinking Of School Leaderships

Author name: نور محمد جمعة العقابي
Supervisor name: غسان حسين سالم
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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Abstract: الايحاء الذاتي وعلاقته بالتفكير الاستراتيجي لدى ادارات المدارس) ويهدف هذا البحث تعرف : 1 - الايحاء الذاتي لدى ادارات المدارس.2 - دلالة الفروق في الايحاء الذاتي وفق متغيرات البحث المستقلة( النوع,العمر,المنصب ,الخدمة) 3 - التفكير الاستراتيجي لدى ادارات المدا | The present study aims at finding out : 1. The autosuggestion of the school leaderships.2. The difference in the autosuggestion according to the following variables : gender, age, the yeas of service, office (headmaster, co headmaster).3. The strategic thinking of the school leaderships.4. The difference in the strategic thinking according to the following variables : gender, age, the yeas of service, official title (headmaster, co headmaster).5. The relation between the autosuggestion (dependent variable) and Strategic thinking (independent variable). 6. The contribution of the strategic thinking (independent variable) in predicting with the autosuggestion (dependent variable) of the school leaderships.For finding out the aims, the researcher has constructed two scales, the first for autosuggestion and the second for strategic thinking. The validity and reliability of the scales have verified by statistical analysis sample that is (400). The sample has selected according to the stratified sampling method from two administrations from Baghdad governorate( Karkh\2 and Alrusafa\3).The results show that : 1. The school leaderships have autosuggestion.2. There are no statistically significant differences in autosuggestion according to the gender, age, and official title (headmaster, co headmaster), while there are statistically significant differences in autosuggestion according to the years of service and the difference in favor of (21).3. The school leaderships have strategic thinking.4. There are no statistically significant differences in strategic thinking according to the gender, age, years of service and official title (headmaster, co headmaster).5. There is relation between the autosuggestion (dependent variable) and strategic thinking (independent variable).6. The strategic thinking (independent variable) contributes in predicting with the autosuggestion (dependent variable) of the school leaderships.administering the scales on the pilot study sample According to the results the researcher gives the following recommendations : 1. Make use of the self - suggestion and strategic thinking scales by the specialist of the field as tools for identifying the self - suggestion and strategic thinking for another type of samples.2. Open extra - institutions for preparing efficient educational leaders for the Iraqi schools. These institutions aim at providing high quality educational leaders with special theoretical and practical preparations.The study comes with the following suggestions : 1. Studying the relationship between the self - suggestion and other variables such as : personality traits, job satisfaction, mindfulness, and the educational leading ability. 2. Studying the correlation between the strategic thinking and each of mental fatigue and the professional pressure. 3. Extending the present study into other samples
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