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دراسة مقارنة في الذاكرة العاملة بين الانبساطيين والانطوائيين من طلبة المرحلة المتوسطة
Author name:
عذراء محمد سعيد عبد الله الحمداني
Supervisor name:
لمياء ياسين زغير الركابي
General topic:
Psychology
Specific topic:
Educational Psychology
Degree:
Doctorate
University:
Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Baghdad
First pages:
04T1547 - p.pdf
Abstract:
لقد اصبحت الذاكرة في النصف الثاني من القرن العشرين المنصرم من اكثر مشكلات علم النفس العلمية التي حظيت بالدراسة العلمية المعمقة.اذ يرتبط التعلم ارتباطا شديدا بالتذكر، ذلك انه اذا لم يتبق شيء لدينا من خبراتنا السابقة، فلن نتعلم شيئا، ولو كان الانسان يتذكر | The problem of Memory becomes one of the most investigated problems by insightful research in the second half of the twentieth century. Learning is strongly related to Memory, for, if we have nothing from our old experiences, we never learn anything.If man had been able to remember what he learnt, or, had there been any possibility for preserving facts, concepts and skills, tests would have been very easy and our information would have been extensive, but all these are contrary to reality. The deficit of working memory affects the operations of organist ion, storage, restoring, defining and re - learning. Operating memory represents a system that work for encoding supplying and transmitting information to the long - term memory, therefore any weakness or disturbance in any one of the working memory operation (encoding, storage and restoring) would expectedly lead to many difficulties in many academic activities. Furthermore, the quantity of information that can be kept in this memory limited to nine units. These units are either letters or short syllable. This is reflected in the individual's ability to deal with events and situations and consequently it affects the nature of the individual's personal relationships and his psychological structures that formed his personality which consists of important dimensions that to gather form his personality. Among these dimension are two that of the (extroversion - introversion).These two represent dipolar continuum that have the highest extroversion in an extreme and the lowest introversion in other extreme and individuals lie in different degrees on this continuum. Memory is a fundamental element in learning process and, especially, in learning the academic skills because we depend largely on our past experience in learning, and through using memory, an individual can interact with information by preserving, storing or restoring it. Memory is one of the most investigated cognitive operations by long studies for a long time. The increasing concern in memory is due to its extreme importance as the pivot that cognitive operations orbit around. The rational and sensory perception, learning and thinking all depend on recalling past images. Memory occupies an important position because it highly affects psychological life. Rational perception depend on recalling past images, also, the personality depend in recalling the past, but for the memory we have personality and rational perception. Researchers have concerned them self with working memory because the latter is the component of memory that has a major role in information processing. Most of the studies that dealt with the two dimensions of personality (extroversion - introversion) refered to the importance of these two dimensions as the most significant constituents. Among these studies are ( Barkat's , 2008) (AL - Isa's , 1969) and (Sharif 's ,1995). Adolescence is one of the critical stages of individual's growth; rather it is the most complicated and the most effective stage in his future life, so the researcher has paid a great attention to this stage through studying the adolescent's problems at the academic, hygienic, emotional, economic, family levels. The present research aimed to defining the following points : 1 - The working memory in extrovert male students of intermediate school. 2 - The working memory in introvert male students of intermediate school.3 - The difference in working memory between extrovert and introvert male students of intermediate school.4 - The difference in working memory between extrovert and introvert female students of intermediate school.The sample of the study was chosen randomly and the study was applied to (400) students of (4) intermediate school : (200) male, (200) female. In order to achieve the aims of the present research, Ezenck's list of personality was adopted. Further. A working memory test was constructed after acquaintance with several prior studies. The data were statistically analyzed and processed by using the statistical package (SPSS) by using (T test) for two independent samples, Cronbach's Alpha, skeness, kurtosis, chi - square, phi coefficient, and Point - Biserial. The research came up with the following finding : 1 - Extrovert male students of intermediate school haven working memory. 2 - Introvert male students have a working memory in less degree than extrovert. 3 - There is difference in working memory between extrovert and introvert male students in favor of the extrovert male students in the intermediate school. 4 - There is difference in working memory between extrovert and introvert female students of intermediate school. According to the finding of the research, the researcher recommends the following : 1 - Teachers have to pay attention to student's personality including all the cognitive and emotional aspects. 2 - There must be suitable training programs in order to prompt the sufficiency of introvert student's working memory and to increase the sufficiency of extrovert student's long - term memory. 3 - Teachers should be trained on how to treat students in accordance with their individual differences which are apparent in the personal characteristics. Certain suggestions were made : 1 - more studies that tackle the relationship between the personal characteristics and the ability to remember should be conducted on new samples and in different academic stages. 2 - A comparative studies should be made between extrovert and introvert students on the long - term memory. 3 - More studies dealing with comparison of working memory according to gender and age should be conducted
Summary:
04T1547 - A.pdf
References:
04T1547 - R.pdf
