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تاثير الصفائح النانوية على الخواص الفيزيائية والكهربائية لبعض المركبات البلورية السائلة Effect of Nanosheets On The Physical And Electrical Properties of Some Liquid Crystalline Compounds

المستخلص: هذه الاطروحة تمثل سلسلة من دراسات الكم من خلال التركيب الالكتروني للانظمة العضوية الفلزية. تتضمن نتائج الفصول خلاصة عمل تعود لكيمياء الروثينيوم (الفصل الثاني) واستخدام النظريات لتساعدنا على التشخيص التركيبي من خلال اجهزة الطيف الحاسوبية (الفصل الثالث والر | This thesis presents a series of quantum chemical studies into the electronic structure of organometallic systems. All of the results chapters are self - contained, summarising work related to Ruthenium chemistry (Chapter 2) and the use of theory to aid structural identification through computation of spectroscopic parameters (Chapters 3 and 4). Chapter 5 relates to distinct work done concerning to the Topological Analysis of the Electron Density in the dihydried Triruthenium Cluster, but the focus on the question of dihydried triruthenium motif represents a close link to the material covered in Chapters 3 and 4. In Chapter 2, Density Functional Theory (DFT) is used to probe the structures of triruthenium clusters Ru3(CO)12. The researcher shed light on the equilibrium geometries and the best function (PBE1PBE) and basis set (SDD Ru/ SVP on (C, O)) can be used. On the basis of that, the global minimum found for Ru3(CO)12 is an unbridged (1D3) structure. In Chapter 3, DFT with PBE1PBE functional and (SDD Ru/ IGLOIII, TZVP P, H/ SVP on (C, O)) basis sets have been used to identify structures of species observed in hydrogenation reactions of alkynes using catalysts based on Ru3 clusters. The identification of the hydride intermediates observed by NMR spectroscopy is ambiguous, and is generally based only on 1H NMR and JP - H coupling constants for hydrides attached to the ruthenium metal centres. Our calculations propose that the experimentally observed species A and B do not contain the Ru3(? - H)(H) motif, as proposed by Duckett group but have Ru3(? - H)2. In Chapter 4, these studies were extended to the analogous dihydride triruthenium monodentate and bidentate phosphines. By computing energies, 1H chemical shifts, we propose that the experimentally observed species A1 and B1 do not contain the Ru(µ - H)(H) motif, as proposed by Duckett and co - workers, but rather the dibridging Ru(µ - H)2 structures common to A2 and B2. In addition, the results confirm that our methodology is able to model the environment of a terminal hydride correctly.Finally, Chapter 5 describes the Quantum Aim (QTAIM) topological analysis of the electron density in the Picolyl N - Heterocyclic Carbene Triruthenium cluster [Ru3(? - H)2(?3 - ?3C2,NHCpyCH2ImMe)(CO)8] (3 - methylimidazol - 2 - ylidene). However, this cluster has been chosen since, firstly, has Ru3(? - H)2 motif similar to triruthenium core proposed in chapters 3 and 4 , secondly, this particular cluster contains one hydride - unbridged and two hydride bridged Ru - Ru edges and a face - capping ligands with different types of Ru - C and Ru - N bonds , this allowing interesting comparisons between the topological properties of related but different atom - atom interactions, within the same molecule.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: عصام عبد الكريم عبد اللطيف عمار هاني الدجيلي
اسم المؤلف: الاء فاضل سليمان داود

العلاقة بين المشعرات المهبلية والعوامل المرضية التناسلية الاخرى بين النساء في مدينتي كركوك وتكريت Relationship Betwee Trichomonas Vaginalis And Other Genital Infectious Agents Among Women In Kirkuk & Tikrit Cities

المستخلص: تم خلال الفترة من الخامس عشر من شهر تشرين الاول 2006 ولغاية الثلاثين من شهر حزيران 2007 اجراء دراسة عن وبائية طفيلي المشعرات المهبلية وبعض مسببات الالتهابات المهبلية الافرازية المرافقة وغير المرافقة لها بين النساء المراجعات لقسم الاستشارية النسائية والتول | An epidemiological study was carried out from 15th, October 2006 to 30th, June 2007 for prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis parasite and some causative agents of secretary vaginal inflammations associated or non - associated with the parasite among women attending the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in two General hospitals in Kirkuk city and Tikrit teaching hospital in Tikrit city. A total of 300 samples (200 in Kirkuk, 100 in Tikrit) were colle - cted from (15 - 47) years old women. Two swabs were taken from the vaginal (high vaginal) and the lining of uterus cervix (endocervical) for each woman by Gynecologic physician. A gross examination of the swabs was done to determine the color of vaginal secretions and measurement of pH. A wet preparation was done from the (high vaginal swab) and examined microscopically for diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida spp. In addition a Gram stain smear was prepared from a portion of the same swab and examined by oil - immersion for diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis. A chemical test was done for the detection of Gardnerella vaginalis bacteria & Candida spores. The swabs prepared from endocervical were treated by ACON - Chlamydia Kit specific for diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis in vaginal swabs samples. The study concluded the following results : 1 - The infection with various sexually transmitted diseases agents were 68% , 78% in Kirkuk & Tikrit cities respectively (P>0.05).2 - The maximum infection rate for T. vaginalis was 19.5% in Kirkuk city & 16% in Tikrit city among co - infection with other agents and single infections.3 - The percentages of single infections with T. vaginalis alone for various age groups were 16.5%, 8% in Kirkuk and Tikrit cities respectively (P>0.05).4 - The rate of infections with various vaginal micro - organisms were in the following sequence : T. vaginalis (19.5%), G. vaginalis (18.5%), C. trachomatis (14%), Candida spp. (11.5%) & N. gonorrhoeae (4.5%) in Kirkuk city, whereasin Tikrit city the sequence of infection rates were as follows : G. vaginalis (43%), T. vaginalis (16%), C. trachomatis (12%), Candida spp. (6%) & N. gonorrhoeae (1%).(P>0.05).5 - The highest rates of infections with T. vaginalis only as a single infecting agents were 21.27%, 10% among a group age range (36 - 45) years in both Kirkuk & Tikrit cities respectively (P<0.05). 6 - The maximum rate of infection with the T. vaginalis were recorded among women with yellowish vaginal secretions without itching (37%), (31.25%), whereas in those with symptoms of copious secretions onlythe corresponding figures (30.17%), (18.51%) were recorded in bothcities respectively (P<0.05). 7 - The maximum infection rate with C. trachomatis in bloody swabs were (40%), (50%) in Kirkuk & Tikrit cities respectively correlated withclinical signs & symptoms. However, maximum infection rate with G. vaginalis was recorded in women with whitish vaginal discharge (60.86%) or yellowish (53.12%) then greenish (52.94%) in Tikrit city in comparison to Kirkuk city. The maximum infection with G. vaginalis were among women with bloody secretion (40%) followed by whitish secretion (30.35%). (P<0.05). 8 - The maximum infection rate with Candida spp. were recorded in women discharge milky secretions (33.33%), (25%) in Kirkuk & Tikrit cities respectively. Infection with N. gonorrhoeae showed different color vaginal discharge (P>0.05).9 - The maximum rate of infections with T. vaginalis (27.43%), (19.69%) were recorded in women whose pH of vaginal secretion range was between (5 - 6). (P> 0.05). The high vaginal swabs have been revealed to be more efficient in diagnosis of vaginal infection with T. vaginalis than endocervical swabs. The maximum rate of infections recorded by these swabs were (22.22%), (19.73%) respectively. The infection rate of pregnant women were (48%), (22.22%) from positive cases in both cities.10 - The maximum rate of infections with T. vaginalis were recorded in women using various contraceptive, women using intrauterine contraceptive device were the highly infected (33.33%), (31.57%) in both cities. P<0.05
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
السنة: 2008
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: يحيى جرجيس سلمان ابراهيم شعبان داود
اسم المؤلف: برهان احمد محمد علي بيباني

دراسة تاثير البروبايويك في تكوين الغشاء الحيوي وانتاج البروتيز لبكتريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa المعزولة من اخماج الحروق والجروح Study The Effect of Probiotic On Biofilm Formation And Production Protease Enzyme By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated From Contaminated Burns And Wound

المستخلص: he study includes the collection of 70 burns and wound swabs from patients of different hospitals, in Baghdad area, for the period from November 2013 to February 2014. 2) 31 isolates characterized as Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9 (45%) from wound and 22 (78.57%) from burn swabs, depending on the characteristics of the colonies phenotypic and microscopic when grown in differential selective media, as well as biochemical tests todiagnose isolates, Then the identification of these species were confirmed by using the system (GN I Card) using Vitek 2 device complementary step.3) The study includes sensitivity test towards 16 antibiotics for each species by using the system (AST Card) using Vitek 2 device, and the isolates ware Multi drug resistance, As results all isolates were resistant by 100 % for each of Piperacillin, Ticarcillin, Ticarcillinclavoulanic acid, Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone and Tigecycline. All strains were less resistance to Ceftazidime with percentage 50%. 4) All the isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with percentage %100, have ability to produce protease enzyme.5) This study was use tow methods of biofilm formations seen in P. aeruginosa, Micro - titer plate method (MTP) and Tube method (TM), Results revealed that MTP was found to be more sensitiveand specific method for biofilm detection than TM. 6) Well diffusion method revealed the inhibitory effect of bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and its supernatants in the growth of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and P. aeruginosa, and was the supernatant of L. rhamnosus GG isthe largest inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus and P.aeruginosa with inhibition diameter 32 and 34 mm respectively, while the inhibition of growth by supernatant of L. acidophilus diameter 25 and 27 mm respectively. 7) Estimated the amount of protein in each of the biosurfactant and bacteriocine producers of L. rhamnosus GG bacteria concentration of 74, 54 Mg/mL respectively, while their concentration in bacteria L. acidophilus 44, 40 Mg / mL, respectively.8) Found that the bacteriocine product of bacteria L. rhamnosus GG and L. acidophilus GG have inhibitory effect on ability of P. aeruginosa to produce the enzyme protease, and the absence of this effect in the Biosurfactants the product of these two types.9) The biosurfactant product from L. rhamnosus GG showed inhibitory effect greater than the effect of the biosurfactant product from L. acidophilus to inhibition (production of biofilm and adhesion to epithelial cells).10) studied the suspension's effect of L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus GG in contrived injuries wounds in mice contaminated with P. aeruginosa, Positive results have been shown to be affected by the contaminated bacteria injuries wounds.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: منيرة جلوب اسماعيل العبادي ضيماء محمود ابراهيم
اسم المؤلف: علا عبد الكريم كاظم النعيمي

تقييم دور الجين في دم نساء عراقيات مصابات بسرطان الثدي Evaluation The Rule of Mammoglobin A Gene In Blood of Iraqi Women With Breast Cancer

المستخلص: Mammaglobin A is a member of the superfamily of secretoglobins. Its expression is highly specific for mammary tissue and has been shown to be overexpressed in breast tumor tissue, indicating that mammaglobin A might confer a growth advantage to mammaglobin A - expressing tumor cells. The present study was undertaken to develop the mammaglobin A as a serum biomarker for the early detection of breast cancer, and breast cancer patients follow up after treatments. This study had taken ten months, it involved 84 patients with age ranged 15 - 74 years who had diagnosed with either stage I to III breast cancer or benign lesions of breast at certain Iraqi hospitals and breast cancer centers, and a total number of 10 apparently healthy individuals, with comparable age range of patients as control group.Ten ml of venous blood was collected from studied groups in order to be used for measuring estrogen and progesterone levels, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR) test for detection of their serum m - RNA mammaglobin A existence, and serum mammaglobin A levels using Enzyme - Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Demographic study revealed that most cases enrolled in this study were women within their reproductive age 25 - 44 years old. Distribution of patients according to age group, marital status, and lactation status showed no statistically significant association (P>0.05) with any of these variables, in all comparison.The hormonal study states that elevated levels of estrogen were observed in 52 (62%) patients, also decrease in progesterone levels were observed in 50 (59%) patients out of the 84 cases studied. This indicate a highly significant SUMMARYassociation (p < 0.01) between breast cancer risk, elevated estrogen levels, and decrease in progesterone levels. Mammaglobin A protein was detectable by ELISA in 100% of breast cancer patients (65 case), and not in any benign tumor patients (19 case) nor healthycontrol women (10 females) which indicate the highly specificity of ELISA test (P<0.01) for measuring mammaglobin A levels in patients serum. With high concentration of protein in sera of women with late stage of breastcancer compared with a low protein concentration in sera of women with early stage of breast cancer. By applying a statistical analysis on the result it was found that serum mammaglobin A ELISA test is highly significant (P<0.01) for, differentiation between patients with metastatic breast cancer and patients with early diagnosed breast cancer. In this work, SCGB2A2 gene which coded for mammaglobin A was detected in 64 out of 65 breast cancer cases, but not in the benign or healthy individuals indicating its high specificity as a marker gene (SCGB2A2) for cells derived from mammary glands. A statistical analysis was made for comparison between the three groups, E - Malignant Tumors \ Early Stage, L - Malignant Tumors \ Late Stage, and B - benign, (E, L, and B) which show that the results of molecular study of mammaglobin A detected by RT - PCR is statistically high significance (P<0.001) when used for the differentiation between E group and B group, also between L group and B group. The results showed that mammaglobin A can become an important tool for detecting primary and metastatic breast cancer, and predicting disease outcome.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: امنة نعمة الثويني
اسم المؤلف: نانسي فيصل رشيد

دراسـة بيئيــة للافقريات القاعيـة في هور الدلمج - وسط العراق An Ecological Study of The Benthic Invertebrates In Al Dalmage Marsh - Middle of Iraq

المستخلص: استهدفت الدراسة الحالية التنوع الاحيائي لمجتمع لافقريات القاع في هور الدلمج / وسط العراق فضلا عن بعض الخصائص الفيزياوية والكيمياوية لمياه الهور، اختيرت ست محطات لجمع العينات وذلك للمدة من بداية كانون الثاني وحتى كانون الاول 2013. استخدم تحليل التوافق CCA | Benthic invertebrate diversity on the Al - Dalmage marsh in the middle of Iraq, in addition to the some physical and chemical properties was the goal of the present study, for a period from January to the end of December 2013. Six stations along the eastern side of the marsh were chosen for monthly samples collection.The results showed water temperature ranged from(9 - 34.1)?C. The pH values were neutral but tends to near alkaline and ranged from (7.2 - 9).The Electrical conductivity values varied from (22735 - 2330) ?s/cm, according to the values of salinity (1.5 - 14.6) ‰ the marsh was classified as mesohaline (TDS) which showed high values ranged from (1820 - 17762) mg/L.This study showed that the marsh were well oxygenated due to the dissolved oxygen values which ranged from 7 - 12 mg/L, the study recorded values to BOD5 were ranging from (1.5 - 3)mg/L, and the marsh classified as very hard according to the total hardness values from (6980 - 825) CaCo3 mg/L. The high perecentage of organic matter in the sediment was 2.7 %. The results showed the station were characterized by sediment texture varied from silt clay sand sediment in the stations 1, 4, 5 , silt clay in St(2) and sand silt in St(3), sand clay silt in St(6).A total of 21286 individual benthic invertebrates was sorted, which represents which 78 taxonomic units, including 9 taxa. The Crustacea was the dominate group representing 29% of the total number of benthic invertebrates. It was noted that there were obvious differences in the total number of sorted individuals in which varied in each location and each month. The highest total number recorded in was st (2) was 4360 including 73 taxonomic units, while the highest total number recorded in April was 2624.The results of The relative abundance index showed that the species insects : Polypedilum sp Were more abundant in St(2 - 6), and dominant in St(6), while the Seinura sp were dominant in St(6), while the other taxonomy units varied from less abundant to rare abundant. Also the results of constancy index showed The which were considered "constant " However the other taxonomy units varied from "accessory " and" accidental" taxonomy units in study stations.The Shanon - Weiner index of totall benthic invertebrates varied from (1.2 - 3.8) bit/Ind, The uniformity index of benthic invertebrates varied from(0.7 - 1), these high values indicate that there is no ecological stress on benthic invertebrates in the study area.The Results of Jaccard Presence - community of similarity showed the highest degree of similarity to be 96% which recorded between St(1) and St(2).The values of the index of spcies richness varied from 1.3 - 15 with the greatest values recorded in April while lower values were in October.Six species of Turbellarian Platyhelminthes that were recorded, from which Stenostomum leucops, Stenostomum bryophilum, Stenostomum unicolor, Gyratrix hermaphrodites, Macrostomum sp, Dalyelliidae, which were considered as new records for Iraq, with Gyratrix hermaphrodites as the most abundant species and representing 25% of the total number of Turbellarian. It was noted that there were obvious differences in the total number of sorted individuals which varied in each location and each month, the highest total number recorded in St 3 was 400, while the highest total number recorded in November was (198).The present study result showed that three species of Nematoda were recorded incuding Seinura sp, Alaimus sp, Dorylaimus sp, Seinura sp as the most abundent species representing 84% of the total number of Nematoda. Spatially the highest total number of 590 individuals was recorded in St (4) , while temporally, the highest total number of 366 was recorded in October.One unidentified species of Gastrotricha was recorded for the first time in Iraq, 102 Ind were sorted these were considered "constant" recording to constancy index 63.8% which were sorted from all stations.A total of 2319 individuals of Rotifera was sorted, these were identified as 15 species that included Philodina sp, Rotaria citrinus, Dipleuchlanis sp, Euchlanis sp, Notholca sp, Ttriploeuchlainis sp, Colurella sp, Lepadella sp, Lecane sp, Proales sp, Cephalodela sp, Synchaeta sp, Hexarthra mira, and finally Brachionus sp which was recorded the highest number of individuals 540 individuals.A total of 1888 individual Annelida were sorted representing 12 species including nine species belonging to the family Naididae (three belong to the sub family Naidinae and six belonging to Tubificoid worms), two species belonged to Aleosomatidae including Aeolosoma hemprichi, Aeolosoma variegatum, and finaly one specie belong to Hirudinea which was Glossiphonia heteroclite, with three 3 ind in all study.The family Aleosomatidae recorded the highest percentage of 58% of the total number of Annelida.The sub family Naidinae including Paranais litoralis, Dero (Aulophorus) furcata, Stylaria lactustris.The highest frequency of 23.6% was recorded by P. litoralis.The Tubificoid worms represent six species which were Limnodrlius hoffmeisteri, Limnodrlius profundicola, L. claparedeianus, L udekemianus, Tubifex tubifex, Branchiura sowerbyi. This study also isolated 6238 individual Crustacea, these were identified as 15 species that included five species belonged to Cladocera, four order belong to copepod, which were recorded the highest percentage 30% of the total number of Crustacea, in addition to Macrobrachium nipponense from Decapoda, Sphaeroma annadalei anndalei from Isopoda, Ostracoda, Amphipoda, Conchostracha. It was noted that there was obvious differences in the total number of sorted individuals which varied in each location and each month, The highest total number recorded in st (2) was 1480, while the highest total number of 730 was recorded in April. The study finds 4297 individual insects groups, were sorted represent seven order includes larvae of Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Odonata, (Zygoptera, Anisoptera) Diptera (Culicidae, Chironomus sp, Polypedilum sp) Lepidoptera larvae Hemiptera (Corixidae, Nepa cinerea), and adult of Coleoptera (Dysitidae, Hydrophilidae Elmidae, Curculionidae, Coleoptera larvae), the Diptera larvae were recorded the highest percentage 55 % of the total number of insects groups, and Nepa cinerea was considered as new records for Iraq.This study showed two class from Mollusca, 1956 Ind were sorted, including Gastropoda and Pelecyopoda.The Gastropoda which were recorded the highest percentage 94% of the total number of Mollusca, these were identified to physa acuta, Lymnaea sp, Melonoides tuberculata, Melnopsis nodosa, Theodoxus sp, physa acuta which was the greatest percentage 41% of the total number of gastropoda. pelecyopoda which were including Pseudodontopsis euphraticus, Tigridis Unio, Corbicula fluminea, Corbicula fluminali
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - اللافقريات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: هيفاء جواد جوير
اسم المؤلف: ميسون حسن مشجل السراي

دراسة تصنيفية حياتية مقارنة لانواع من الجنس Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) في العراق A Comparative Biosystematic Study of Some Species of The Genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) In Iraq

المستخلص: تناول البحث الحالي دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة لثلاث وعشرين مرتبة تصنيفية تعود جميعها للجنس Euphorbia L. من العائلةEuphorbiaceae النامية في العراق، تضمنت الجوانب المظهرية العامة والدقيقة ودراسة حبوب اللقاح والمركبات الكيميائية والبيئة والتوزيع الجغرافي فضلا عن ا | The current research deal with twenty - three taxa belong to the genus Euphorbia L., Family Euphorbiaceae grown in Iraq. The study included the gross general morphological and micromorphological characters, the Pollen grains also studied and the chemical compounds, Ecological and geographical distribution and taxonomic treatment have done.Also botanical key was putted to separate the species. General survey for the Phytogeographical districts where the taxa spread in, and the result was a large crowds of samples, and new locations of taxa distribution were recorded. The specimens studied, and correct the mistake naming, specimens were identified and reidentified some miss identified specimens in the Iraqi herbaria. A comparative morphological study was undertaken to all plants parts of taxa appeared from habit and duration of taxa to the quantitative and qualitative attributes the members of the vegetative and floral parts included the roots, stems, leaves, stipules, flowering parts and fruiting parts and drew charts diagrams, tables and accompanying with natural images for different morphological characteristics, as well as the field images. This study showed that all species was herbs, shrubs and succulent and semisucculent annual and perinnal, the major taxonomic importance was for flowering parts includeing the specific Inflorescence, installation of a cupped and its regularity on the branches of the plant, glands forms, numbers, presence or lack of appendages, bractes and bracteoles shapes, dimensions and color fruits shape, indumentum and seeds forms, dimension and her surface sculpturing; and the presence or lack of caruncle, as well as the qualities of roots, stems and leaves, and the morphological characteristics of all plant parts mentioned above have a taxonomic importance in identification and separation of the studied taxa. The study of the micromorphological characters of hairs, leaves epidermal cells and the stomatal complex which included anomocytic, paracytic, anisocytic and tetracytic, have a taxonomic importance of supporting the morphological characters in separation and identification of the genus taxa.The pollen grains have a taxonomic importance because their different in shape, dimensions of polar and equatorial view, the wall thickness and their ornamentation. They are mostly of Tricolporate except two species were Hexacolporate, also the differences in their shape in the polar and equatorial view.They were spheroidal, ovoid and oblate - spheroidal in the polar view and oblate, spheroidal, subprolate and oblate - spheroidal in the equatorial view.The ornomentation they were reticulate, microreticulate and foveoate.The chemical study also importance in separation of the genus taxa four compounds Flavonoids diagnosed in all the studing species but different in concentrations, by using HPLC, they are Myriscetin, Quercetin, Kaempferol and Coumarin esculetin and this confirms that there are a common evolutionary link between the species in terms of their chemical properties, which suggests belonging species to the genus Euphorbia.Through field surveys and information installed on the herbarium samples, the taxa where distributed on their growth areas, and maps have been drawn for taxa distribution in the Iraqi natural geographical districts. the species of Euphorbia were distributed in all Iraqi districts especially in LCA, MSU, MRO, and DWD and some species were farmed in gardens and nurseries either to the beauty of their bractes colors or because their acceleration to the environmental changes such as succulent species, As well as wild species were spread in mountainous areas, oak, nuts forests, in orchards, cultivated fields, flat plains and desert areas in loam soils, clay, gravel, and sand. Through this study some new taxa where founded in Iraq and they are E. cyparissias Kunth ; E. maculata L. ; E. serpens L. ; E. tirucalli L., and this study suggests to recorded them for the first time in Iraq.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عذية ناهي سلمان المشهداني
اسم المؤلف: ازهار طاهر صليبي

دراسة بيئية وسكانية للقوقع الارضي Candidula gigaxii (L.Pfeiffer, 1850) (Pulmonata : Hygromiidae) في مواقع مختارة من محافظة بغداد Ecological And Population Study of The Land Snail Candidula Gigaxii (L.Pfeiffer, 1850) (Pulmonata : Hygromiidae) In Selected Locations From Baghdad Province

المستخلص: Few studies on terrestrial snails in general, and garden snails in particular, existin Iraq. The group being important apparently for its wide - spread distribution in various habitats. One species of this group which has been previously recorded in Baghdad, is the garden snail Candidula gigaxii, class : Pulmonata, family : Hygromiidae.Available samples of the land snail C.gigaxii were collected from four locations within Baghdad province; a Taji, the Army Canal area, the Zafaraniyah, and Al - Jadiriya district, the study period of June 2013 to May of 2014.Environmental measurements were recordedat each site. Results showed that air temperature range was 10 - 34? C, soil temperature range was 5 - 26? C, pH range of the soil was between 4 - 8.9 and the content of the soil organic matter was between 0.3 - 2.0%.Snail samples were divided into seven size - classes according to the dimension of the shell and these were <2, 2 - 4, 4 - 6, 6 - 8, 8 - 10, 10 - 12, >12 mmPercentages of each size class were calculated. Having measured shell dimensions, shell growth index (Ia) was also calculated. The range of growth index value for this snail was 1.9 - 3.86 where the highest value was recorded at the Taji site in January 2014 which was probably attributed to low temperature range and high soil moisture and organic matter content.Results also showed that C. gigaxii favored soils with moderately high pH values and rich in organic content. Soil moisture appeared to be a limiting factor for growth; and a loamy soil texture for existence of the studied species. Average highest population density of living snails and empty shells were 44 and 32 individuals / m2 respectively. The overall population density was also calculated for the purpose of obtaining realistic population density of the species.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عماد الدين عبد الهادي المختار
اسم المؤلف: بشرى محمد كاظم ديوان البيضاني

دراسة تصنيفية لحشرات عائلة الخنافس الرواغة Staphylinidae : Coleoptera في بعض محافظات العراق

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الحشرات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: سعدون ابراهيم اسماعيل
اسم المؤلف: كاظم عادل هادي

دراسة نوعية مياه خزان الحبانية موقعيا والاستشعار عن بعد Study of The Water Quality In Alhabbaniyah Reservoir In Situ And Remote Sensing

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة المائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عادل مشعان ربيع
اسم المؤلف: احمد عطا الله حسن الفهداوي

العلاقة بين مؤشر الموت الخلـوي المبرمج (ربيطة فاس الذائبة) وقلة النطاف عند الرجال Correlation Between Apoptotic Marker (Sfas Ligand) And Oligozoospermia In Men

المستخلص: The Fibroblast associated (Fas) system in the testes has been identified as a key regulator of apoptosis, a process that greatly influences the germ cell population of the testes. and the soluble Fas Ligand (sFasL) may be a competitive inhibitor to induce apopto¬sis of the Fas baring cells. Therefore, this study measures the level of sFasL in the semen of oligozoospermic men evaluating the association between seminal plasma sFasL and spermatogenesis.A total 58 oligozoospermic men and 29 normozoospermic volunteers were included in this study. They were attending the Infertility Clinic of the High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, AL - Nahrain University\ Baghdad. Their age mean was 31.77± 5.48 years and a median of 30 years. Semen samples were evaluated according to World Health Organization 2010 standard parameters. The Seminal plasma was separated from the cellular elements after centrifugation and the supernatant was transferred to plane tubes and frozen at - 20 ?C till using for measurement of sFasL. These patients were classified into patients with severe oligozoospermia (sperm concentration ?5 million / ml) which include 29 patients, and patients with mild and moderate oligozoospermia (sperm concentration ranging between 5 - 15 million / ml) which includes 29 patients as well. The control group comprised of 29 men with normospermic parameters according to WHO 2010 standard (Normal volunteers). The sFasL was measured using ELISA enzyme immunoassay for quantitative determination of sFasL Kit. Data were analyzed statistically using Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Least Significant Difference (LSD) and Correlation Coefficient (r).The sFasL level was found significantly higher (P< 0.01) in seminal plasma of oligozoospermic men, with weak correlation of the level of sFasL with the degree of severity of oligozoospermia. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that sFasL is a novel marker found in the seminal plasma of oligozoospermic men. It's level was higher in cases of oligozoospermia regardless of its severity.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: صباح ناصر العلوجي انعم رشيد الصالحي
اسم المؤلف: احمد حسين علي الزاملي

تكامل جرعة منخفضة من مبيد الترفلان مع مخلفات زهرة الشمس في مكافحة الادغال وتحسين نمو محصول الماش لتقليل الاعتماد على المبيدات والحد من مخاطرها Integration of Reduced Dose of Trifluralin Herbicide With Sunflower Residues For Weed Control In Mungbean Field

المستخلص: Two field experiments, several greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted during the course of study to evaluate the allelopathic potential of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars on companion weeds and weeds grown in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. R. Wilczek) field alone and in combination with reduced rate herbicide, and to determine the chemical and genetical bases of allelopathic traits in the test cultivars. The aim of the first experiment was to test whether the variation in weed growth between the sunflower cultivars (Shumoose and Sin Altheeb), which was observed in the field, was due to differences in their allelopathic potential. Results showed the ability of both cultivars to reduce weed population and biomass with the superiority of Shumoose cultivar in suppression of weed density at 60 and 120 days after sowing compared to Sin Altheeb. Weed biomass was significantly reduced up to 90 and 71% by Shumoose and Sin Altheeb cultivars, respectively. Stair case experiment indicated that root exudates of Shumoose cultivar showed more suppression to weeds than Sin Altheeb giving additional evidence for the superiority of Shumoose cultivar in its allelopathic weed suppression. Chemical analysis by High performance liquid chromatography indicated the presence of 9 compounds in root exudates of Sin Altheeb and 8 compounds in Shumoose, and all are Phenolic in nature. However, total of the isolated phenolics was doubled in Shumoose than in Sin Altheeb. Most of the isolated chemicals are reported to have inhibiting ability for germination and growth of plants, including weeds. Second field experiment was undertaken to explore the response of weeds and mungbean crop to soil incorporated with sunflower residues in combination with lower rate of a pre - plant herbicide (trifluralin). Sunflower residues of the two cultivars Shumoose and Sin Altheeb at 3.2 and 6.4 t ha - 1 were used either alone or in combination with trifluralin at 1.2 L ha - 1 (50% of label rate). Weedy check (control), trifluralin at full label rate (2.4 L ha - 1), and weed free treatments were also included for comparison. Plots treated with 50% of label rate of herbicide and amended with sunflower residues of cultivar Sin Altheeb recorded least weed density and dry biomass and this suppression was much greater than the residue treatments alone and more than cultivar Shumoose. Application of herbicide at 50% rate in plots amended with Sin Altheeb residue resulted yield 64 % more than with the label rate of herbicide treatment. Chromatographic analysis of sunflower amended field soil revealed the presence of several potent allelopathic compounds in the residues of both cultivars with greater quantity (355.5 µg/ml) in Sin Altheeb than in Shumoose (250.9 µg/ml). Dynamics of release, decomposition and degradation of allelochemicals into the soil showed that different compounds exhibited differential behavior for these processes. Overall quantity of allelochemicals started to increase after 2 weeks of decomposition and peaked at 4 week of decomposition (180.1 ppm) then declined sharply in their quantities thereafter. Periods indicating higher quantities of total phenolics as shown by chromatographic analysis was coincided with the periods in which higher suppressive activity against weeds grown under field conditions. Bioassay of sunflower residues decomposed in soil at different times on Echinochloa colonum L, one of the weeds dominated the mungbean field, revealed that residues of both cultivars suppressed growth of E. colonum weed. The phytotoxicity started after 2 weeks and persisted for 8 weeks. However, Sin Altheeb residues showed greater inhibition than Shumoose cultivar at the last three decomposition periods. Shumoose residues recorded appreciable reduction to the growth of test weed compared to Sin Altheeb. The effect of residues of both cultivars on chlorophyll content and ions uptake in Amaranthus retroflexus L. weed revealed that residues of both species reduced chlorophyll content of leaves and the reduction increased with the increased residue rate. Sin Altheeb cultivar residues were more inhibitory than Shumoose at the lower residue rate. In the same weed, ions uptake was significantly averted by the residues of both cultivars. P and K was significantly increased over control, while Ca, Mg an Fe were found to be decreased over control due to application of sunflower residues in soil at 8 g per kg soil. N was the only test element that did not significantly influence by the residue treatments. No significant differences were found in the test ion uptake between the test sunflower cultivars. Results of using RAPD technique on the sunflower genomic DNA revealed that all the 19 primers used in this study scored different amplification monomorphic and polymorphic bands in the tested genotypes with 12 primers generated polymorphic bands. These bands present in one cultivar and absent in another. They could be responsible for allelopathic trait or secondary compounds associated with this phenomenon. Further work is recommended to analyze the sequence of this band to find out whether it is related to allelopathic trait or not.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: اﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺪﺍﻭﻱ
اسم المؤلف: اﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ

التنميط الجيني لفايروس التهاب الكبد نوع اي لمرضى الاصابة الحادة في محافظة المثنى - العراق Genotyping of Hepatitis E Virus Among Patients With Acute Infection In Al - Muthanna Province / Iraq

المستخلص: Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection is found worldwide. It is responsible for large outbreaks in East and South Asia. This study was carried out to identify the distribution of acute HEV infection in AlMuthanna province and then determine the genotypes responsible for the disease spreading. This is the first investigation about the occurrence of hepatitis E genotypes in Al - Muthanna province patients. The study included 270 jaundiced patients of both sexes From AlMuthanna province which included out patients in public health laboratory in Samawah city, for the period from October 2013 to June 2014. All these patients were tested for anti - HEV IgM antibodies by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In Al - Muthanna province, 72 patients (26.66 %) out of 270 patients showed positive results for anti - HEV IgM antibodies, and all those patients were tested for confirmatory test at central public health laboratories (CPHL) in Baghdad province. Those patients consist of 45 females and 27 males with age ranged between (4 - 74) years old, were all negative for routinely screened markers of Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C, Ten normal healthy individuals, used as normal control in this study. This study showed that the HEV IgM is more common among younger age group (15 - 24), with a percentage of) 41.67%(, and it was higher in females (63%) than in males (37%). Highly significant differences (p ? 0.01) appeared among age groups. The levels of liver function enzymes demonstrated significant differences (p ? 0.05) in HEV patients as compared with healthy controls. The levels of Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) were (23.41 ± 12.38) mg/dl, Serum Aspartate transaminase (SAST) were (887.17 ± 9.87) U/l, Serum Alanine transaminase (SALT) were (859.91 ± 13.28) U/l, and the levels of Serum Alkaline phosphatase (SALP) were (206.56 ± 5.04) U/l higher than healthy controls (0.884 ± 0.05) mg/dl, (37.27 ± 4.58) U/l, (34.14 ± 7.63) U/l, (48.09 ± 15.42) U/l respectively. RNA was extracted from sera of positive anti - HEV IgM antibodies by using a QIAamp® Viral RNA Mini Kit. Nanodrop and Quantus™ Fluorometer instruments were used to determine the RNA yield and purity according to the standard kit protocol. High levels of RNA concentration were measured by Nanodrop and Quantus™ Fluorometer. Forty - six samples have high RNA concentration out of 72 samples were detected for genotypes I, III & IV by using Applied Biosystems Real time PCR 7500 machine. In this study, HEV type I and III were detected in 23 samples out of 46 samples by using Real Time PCR systems. Ten samples were positive for this test. Thirteen samples (56.52%) were negative for this test. The distribution percentage of genotypes I and III was (43.48%). The results appeared significant difference (P ? 0.05). Also by using the same technique (Real time PCR systems) the HEV type IV was detected in 23 samples out of 46 samples. Which included, 13 samples that recorded negative results by I & III genotypes kit and only 2 samples from it recorded positive results and 11 samples recorded negative result for HEV genotype IV. From other 10 samples, only 3 samples recorded positive result and 7 samples recorded negative result for HEV genotype IV. In a total, 5 samples were positive for HEV genotype IV and 18 samples (78.26%) were negative. So that the distribution percentage of genotype IV was (21.74%). In this study, the samples that showed negative results in both kits have not been tested for other genotypes. This study indicated that the acute HEV infection is highly endemic in Al - Muthanna province in Iraq. Genotypes I & III were the most distribution than genotype IV in patients from Al - Muthanna province in Iraq. These results suggest that the genotypes I & III are the main causative agents of sporadic HEV infection in Al - Muthanna province
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: رغد حربي مهدي العزاوي
اسم المؤلف: ازهار صبري مسلم الذهبي

تاثير بعض العوامل البيئية في مجتمع الهائمات القشرية لنهر دجلة وجزيرة بغداد السياحية - العراق The Effect of Some Environmental Factors In Crustaceans Plankton Community of The Tigris River And The Island of Baghdad Tourist - Iraq

المستخلص: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the water body type on the density of crustaceans zooplankton of the cortical Cladocera and two orders of copepod (Cyclopoida, Calanoida), addition to the physical and chemical effect of lake of Baghdad Tourist Island and Tigris river within the water of the lake near the site and electric and know the effect these characterties on density of crustaceans Zooplankton and for doing this study. We choose five places, tow on Tigris river and three places on the Island in AI - Fahhama in north of Baghdad The samples of water were collected every 15 days all these stations from beginning of December 2013 to May 2014. This study had corrected the temperature of air and water and the pH, electrical conductivity. and Dissolved oxygen, BOD5, NO?¯, PO?¯ and the density of Crastaceans Zooplankton. This study showed that the temperature of the air was nearly in the river and the lake and that because of their being in the same geographs area.The temperature was between (16°c - 34°c)in Tigris while it was (11.9°c - 33°c)in the lake Hydrogen Ions, it was (7.3 - 7.9) in the river and (8.18.8)in the lake because that were a lot of water plants and phytoplankton. This study shows that water of the river and the lake in the areas of study have a good of air and that was shown by recording the heigh values of oxygen. The values of dissolved oxygen (DO) was between (8.11 - 11.5) mg\L in river between (7.9111.37)mg\L in lake and showed from the study that the values were few. It was less than 5mg\L it was (0.33 - 2.6) mg\Lin the river and (0.64 - 3.55) mg\L in the lake. The values electrical conductivity of water in all the placed the study in the permissible range the water, it isn't over than 1500?s\cm. The electrical conductively records were between (851 - 1184) ?s\cm in the river, and it was (755 1270) ?s\cm in the lake. From the other hand nutrients, the phosphor records between (0.025 - 0.0563)mg\Lin the river and in the lake between(0.00310.0429)mg\L The Nitrate records its values highs in the month of winter because of the rain and it was increased in the river, it was (0.345 - 0.9135)mg\L compare with the lake, it was (0.028 - 0.626)mg\L in the places of the study that were appearance of two clear increases in the density of Zooplankton one was in winter and the other was spring.The density of zooplankton in the lake much more than it was in the river. The density of the zooplankton belong to Cladocera between (0.019 - 0.307) ind.\L in the lake and the density of the Calnoida was between (0.003 - 0.065)ind. \L in the river and (0.0078 - 3.37) ind. \L in the lake. The results shows differences if there are changes in places and month on most of physical and chemical biological characteristic the measured during the period of this study. The kind of water body effects on most characteristics and soon the density of crustaceans zooplankton.the results of the study mention the binding morale relation between the density of zooplankton the values of electrical conductivity and value of BOD(Biological Oxygen Demand) while there isn't any morale relation between the density of zooplankton and the value of Hydrogen Ion and Nitrate and dissolved oxygen that because the value of these changes was near to be equal in all the places that eayses the reduce of its effective on the average of density of these organism. The study shows that Baghdad lake have the environmental ingredients makes the lake natural protected to forming and breeding a fish in the lakes in addition that it is a place for Tourism.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - اللافقريات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: صباح فرج عبد الاحد
اسم المؤلف: اعتدال فليح حسن العامري

تاثير عصارة نبات البروكلي في متلازمة تعدد الاكياس المبيضية المستحدثة في الجرذ الابيض Effect of Broccoli Plant Juice On Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome In Albino Rats

المستخلص: The goal of present study was to investigate the benefits of broccoli as anti androgenic plant in protection and treatment for reproductive hormonal and metabolic disturbance, which combined with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Three experiments for 3 PCOS models were done. First Experiment : The prepubertal female rats at 21 days old, were injected with Testosterone (T) subcutaneously for 39 days (first model). The females of this experiment were divided into 6 groups (8 rats each) as follows : Group 1 was injected with sesame oil. Group 2 was injected with T hormone. Group 3 was injected with T hormone with orally gavaged of broccoli juice. Group 4 was injected with sesame oil, and at the end of the last injection was orally gavaged with distilled water for 30 days. Group 5 was injected with T hormone, and at the end of the last injection was orally gavaged with distilled water for 30 days. Group 6 was injected with T hormone, and at the end of the last injection was orally gavaged with broccoli juice for 30 days. Second Experiment : The prepubertal female rats at 21 days old, were injected with Letrozole (L) subcutaneously for 39 days (second model).The females of this experiment were divided into 6 groups with the same style of the first experiment. Third Experiment : it was achieved by the injection of pregnant rats prenatally (days 16 to 19 of gestation) with 1 mg of T hormone subcutaneously (third model), and then the female offspring were divided into groups (8 rats each) as follow : The first offspring group : The female rats offspring at 21 days old (their mothers were injected with sesame oil from 16th to 19th day of gestation) were orally gavaged with distilled water until 60 days of age. The second offspring group\ gavaged with distilled water : The female rats offspring at 21 days old (their mothers were injected with T hormone from 16th to 19th day of gestation) were orally gavaged with distilled water until 60 days of age. The second offspring group\ gavaged with broccoli juice : The female rats offspring at 21 days old (their mothers were injected with T hormone from 16th to 19th day of gestation) were orally gavaged with broccoli juice until 60 days of age. The third offspring group : The female rats offspring at 21 days old (their mothers were injected with T hormone from 16th to 19th day of gestation and orally gavaged with broccoli juice) were orally gavaged with distilled water until 60 days of age. Females of all groups were sacrificed after 24 hours from the last treatment to undertake weight, histological, hormonal and metabolic study for each group. the results of present study showed the symptoms that reported PCOS of the three female experiments such as ovarian cyst, hyperandrogenemia, hormonal and metabolic disturbance, etc. Also a well improvement has been noticed in all syndrome symptoms on females gavaged with broccoli juice for all three rats PCOS experiments, these results indicate that broccoli juice has got a protective and curative role against this syndrome.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الفسلجة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: نهلة جاسم محمد الشاهري
اسم المؤلف: رقية احمد صالح

التحري الجزيئي عن النمط الثالث لداء السكري البادئ عند النضج (MODY 3) في مرضى السكري العراقيين Molecular Investigation of Maturity Onset Diabetes of The Young Type 3 (MODY 3) In Iraqi Diabetic Patients

المستخلص: شملت الدراسة 63 مريضا مصابا بداء السكري غير المناعي المنشا في اعمار مبكرة من ذوي التاريخ العائلي بالاصابة بمرض السكري ممن لايعانون البدانة الذين تم اختيارهم من مرضى السكري من مراجعي المركز التخصصي لامراض الغدد الصم والسكري في الرصافة/ بغداد للفترة من ايار | This study included 63 non obese patients having early onset of non immunogenic diabetes with strong family history of diabetes selected from diabetic patients attended the specialized center of endocrinology and diabetes at Alrusafa/ Baghdad during period from the begging of May 2011 till the end of February 2013. The demographic study revealed that there is no association between the disease incidence with neither the gender nor the blood group. But there is a significant difference in the distribution of the patients according to age of the first diagnosis and gender, as the study showed that majority of male patients (53.846%) were first diagnosed with hyperglycemia below the age of 20 while the majority of females (72.972%) were first diagnosed with hyperglycemia after the age of 20.The distribution of patients according to the type of treatment also reveled association between the gender and both age of diagnosis and type of treatment of the hyperglycemia as the study showed that there is a higher percent of male patients (80.768%) using insulin at the beginning of their diagnosis with hyperglycemia or transferred later to insulin than those of females (67.565%).The present study reported for the first time in Iraq the presence of monogenic diabetes (maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3) as major cause of diabetes within non obese diabetic patients' early onset of non immunogenic diabetes with strong family history of diabetes. The sequence analysis of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1? gene showed that Iraqis have mutational hot spot at exons 3 and 4 of this gene responsible for maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3, and that mutations in the promoter region or exons 5, 6, 8 and 9 are a rare cause of diabetes.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: نورية عبد الحسين علي
اسم المؤلف: اسراء عدنان ابراهيم البغدادي

دراسات وراثية خلوية ومظهرية لثلاثة انواع من شبوطيات المياه العذبة العراقية (Barbus luteus, Cyprinion macrostomus, Chondrostoma regius) Three Species of Iraqi Freshwater Cyprinidaes (Barbus Luteus, Cyprinion Macrostomus, Chondrostoma Regius)

المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية التعرف على الطراز الكروموسومي ونظام تحديد الجنس والتمييز بين الجنسين مظهريا في ثلاثة انواع من اسماك المياه العذبة العراقية ممثلة بسمكة الحمري Barbus luteus والبنيني كبير الفم macrostomus Cyprinionوالبلعوط الملوكي Chondrostoma regius | These present studies were carried out to determine the karyotypes & the system of sex determination between the two sexes as well as the sexual morphological characteristics of three species of Iraqi fresh water fish Barbus luteus, Cyprinion macrostomus, & Chondrostoma regius that were fished from Tigris river at Baghdad during 2005. The cytogenetic studies revealed that the chromosome number of Barbus luteus is 2n = 148 & the karyotype of males is (80m + 52sm + 16st) while the females has (80m + 51sm + 17st). The chromosome number of Cyprinion macrostomus is 2n = 50 the males has (6m + 24sm + 12st + 8t) while the females has (6m + 23sm + 13st + 8t). The chromosome number of Chondrostoma regius is 2n = 48 and the karyotype is (14m + 30sm + 4st). Sex chromosomes were identified in Barbus luteus & in Cypinion macrostomus for the first time , the sex is determined by ZZ / ZW system, the female was considered as heterogametic (ZW) while the male was considered as homogametic (ZZ) , & the chromosome Z was represented as submetacentric chromosome & chromosome W as small subtelocentric chromosome. In spite of the difference in their chromosome number , the ratio between red blood cell diameter & it's nucleus was approximated in these species. The differences among these species in both of the diameter of cell and the nucleus didn't match with the differences at the polyploidy levels or with the difference in chromosome number within the same level. The liver & intestine were recommended as new sources for chromosomal studies , because of the good ratio of dividing cells (71.4 % & 58.2 %) respectively from the whole dividing cells in kidney that was considered as a control. The crude aqueous extract of fresh convolvulus arvensis leaves showed good effect in arresting the cell division of fish at metaphase , the concentration (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, ) mg / gm arrested kidney cells of carp fish at the metaphase in ratios 71.1 % , 88.1 % , 94 % respectively from the colchicines treated kidney cells (control). Positive significance correlation was found (r = 0.9518) between the percentages of arrested cells at metaphase & the concentrations of crude extract. Comparison between the females and males of the three species revealed that in Barbus luteus the distance from head edge to the anal orifice & from head edge to the dorsal fin were larger in males than females. The females have dark colored fins with reddish ventral aspect of head & body in comparison with the males during the whole months of study. So , they were considered as permanently sexual dimorphism characteristics. But , during the spawning seasons (May & June ) a more brighting color of male with reddish coloration of both sides of body were noticed in comparison with female with a golden orange corneal coloration in both sexes. Thus, they were considered as temporary sexual dimorphism characteristics. In Cyprinion macrostomus the distance from the head edge to the anal orifice was larger in females than males. The colors of anal & caudal fins were darker in females than in males during the whole monthes of study.So , they were considered as perminantly sexual dimorphism characteristics. While, during the spawning seasons ( May , June , July & August) , the gill operculum was of orange color only in male that extend to the end of pectoral fin. So , this was considered as a temporary sexual dimorphism characteristic. In Chondrostoma regius the distance from the head edge to the dorsal fin & from the dorsal to caudal fin as well as the pectoral fin base length were larger in females than in males during the whole months of study it was considered that they are permanently sexual dimorphism characteristics. Differential characteristics were not noticed during the spawning season (February & March). The permanently sexual dimorphism & the general characteristics were not affected by the differences of standard length , weight , age & season , because they were observed in fishes of different lengths , weights & ages & during the months of study 2005. But , the seasons affect the development of temporary characteristics in Barbus luteus & Cyprinion macrostomus , because these characteristics were observed during the spawning season only. Aging of Barbus luteus was accompanied by growth increase as indicated by the mean of standard length during May , July, August, September & December & by the mean of weight during May , August, September, October & December. A positive correlation was found between standard length & weight during the months of study , with the exception of January. While aging of Cyprinion macrostomus & Chondrostoma regius was not accompanied by growth increase as indicated by the means of standard length & weight , but a positive correlation between standard length & weight was found during the studied months. Same growth type were observed in the three species of fish , it was allometric in two sexes.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الوراثة
السنة: 2008
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: ندى عبد المجيد الانصاري طه ياسين الدوري
اسم المؤلف: اسماء سامي ابراهيم

دراسة تصنيفية مظهرية لبعض انواع عائلة قفازات الضفادع من رتبة متشابهة الاجنحة Homoptera : Cercopidae من بعض محافظات العراق Taxonomic Morphological Study of Some Species of Froghoppers, (Homoptera : Cercopidae) From Some Iraqi Governorates

المستخلص: تضمن البحث دراسة تصنيفية مظهرية لخمسة عشر نوعا تابعة لاربعة اجناس لعويلتيCercopinae، Aphrophorinae لعائلةCercopidaeمن رتبة متشابهة الاجنحة Homoptera جمعت من مناطق مختلفة في العراق تم الاعتماد على النوعCercopis vulnerata(Rossi, 1807) نموذجا للعائلة.وهذه ا | The present study comprisers taxonomic morphological of 15 species belong to four genera of the two subfamilies Cercopinae and Aphrophorinae, belong to the family Cercopidae of the order Homoptera, it has been regarded the speciesCercopis vulnerata(Rossi, 1807) as typical sample of the families.The species studied in were : Family : Cercopidae West wood, 1838Sub family : Cercopinae West wood, 1838.Genus : Cercopis Fabricius, 1775.**Cercopis vulnerata (Rossi, 1807)Sub family : Aphrophorinae Amyot&Serville, 1843.Genus : Aphrophora Germar, 1821.**Aphrophora alni(Falle'n, 1805).**Aphrophora major (Uhler, 1896).**Aphrophora oblique(Uhler, 1896).**Aphrophora salicina(Goeze, 1778)**Aphrophora straminae(Kato, 1932).**Aphrophora forneri(Haupt, 1919).**Aphrophora intermedia (Uhler, 1896).*Aphrophora triticasp.nov.*Aphrophora asadisp.nov.Genus : Phileanus Stal, 1864.Phileanus spumarius (Linnaeus) 1758.Genus : Neophileanus Haupt, 1935.** Neophileanus lineatus(Linnaeus, 1758).**Neophileanus campestris(Falle'n, 1805).**Neophileanus longiceps(Puton, 1895).**Neophileanus exclamationis(Thunberg, 1874). *New species for the science.**New recorded to the Iraq insect fauna of Homoptera.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الحشرات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: حسن سعيد جاسم الاسدي
اسم المؤلف: حلا تايه عمران

التحري عن التشوهات الكروموسومية وطفرات المورث FLT3/ITD في مرضى ابيضاض الدم النخاعي الحاد Screening For Chromosomal Aberrations And Gene Mutations FLT3/ITD In Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia

المستخلص: صممت الدراسة الحالية من اجل تسليط الضوء على تاثيرات مرض ابيضاض الدم ((AMLفي بعض معايير الوراثة الخلوية والجزيئية الحاصلة في كريات الدم البيضاء في ثلاثة حالات للمرضى اشتملت على مرحلة ما قبل العلاج, في اثناء العلاج وبعد العلاج الكيميائي. كما شملت الدراسة ا | The present study was designed to shed light on the cytogenetic and molecular effects caused by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathogenesis in three stages before, during and after treatment with chemotherapy (in vitro) in lymphocytes. It was also aimed to investigate chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus formation and FLT3/ITD point mutations in CN - AML region 100 - 300 bp compared with healthy control. The study was comprised of forty - seven AML Iraqi patients their ages ranged between 2.5 - 81 years. It included twenty females and twenty seven males compared with twenty - six healthy control. The following results were obtained : AML is most common leukemia in adults and uncommon in children. It was found that 46.8% patients suffer from AML, who were under 15 years old, while 19.15% patients their age ranged between 16 - 30 years; 19.15% of patients their age were more than 45 years and 14.9% of patients their age ranged between 31 - 45 years of the total AML patients. AML is more common in males than females. The percentages of females and males were 42.5% and 57.5% respectively representing 1.35 : 1.00 male : female ratio. Two AML patients 5.3% have diploid cells when examined under light microscope. The highest mitotic index was 7.498±1.7 occurred in patients before taking treatment while recorded 6.784±4.5 during treatment and 7.000±2.5 after treatment. Nuclear anomalies such as nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds were observed in AML patients, Micronucleus mean values recorded 0.033±0.018, 0.020±0.00015 and 0.036±0.01for AML patients before, during and after treatment respectively when compared with the control which recorded 0.002±0.00002. Nuclear division index (NDI) means before, during and after treatment of AML patients were 1.658±0.2, 1.000±0.022 and 1.424±0.19 respectively. Significant differences occurred among the three groups when compared with the control group (1.282±0.09). Extracted DNA from 30 AML patients was amplified by PCR to obtain FLT3/ITD gene from exon 11 to intron 12 and ten of them sent for sequencing. Two patients showed larger bands (470 and 460) bp when compared with wild type (330) bp. Among six patients, three displayed point mutations of deletion and substitution while others were normal since no mutations were detected. The percentages of mutation types were substitution 57.78% and deletion 22.2%. The effect of mutations was missense mutation (55.54%), deletion (22.22%) and nonsense (22.22%). It has been concluded from the current work that AML is more common in adult males, patients suffer from AML exhibited high MI, NDI, MN and point mutations are present in such patients including deletion and substitution causing missense, nonsense and deletion.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عبد الحسين مويت الفيصل
اسم المؤلف: سمارة كاظم محمد

تقييم الواقع البيئي لمعمل بابل /2 للبطاريات Assessment Study For The Environmental Situation of Babylon\2 Batteries Plant

المستخلص: In this study was investigated the quantity and quality of industrial water from (Babil/2 batteries plant in Baghdad) and estimate the amount of air pollutants for some factory sections and estimate the amount of solid waste resulting from the industry and study the impact of these pollutants on the environment and public health.The first target of this study is investigated the physical and chemical characteristics of the discharged water from sections shipping and ficus where the sample water collocated was two samples per month for 6 month was taking during period from Novembers 2013 to May 2014. Some measurements were conducted laboratory and others on site, the result showing the following values of the variables rates for the shipping and ficus sections before treatment and respectivelyResults of the study showed that there is a significant increase inThe concentrations in sulfate and TDS, heavy metal When reached after treatment for the same variables and respectivelypH 9.9, EC 1524.9 ?s/cm, TSS 166.4mg/l, TDS 611.7mg/l, Cl - 64.46mg/l, (SO4)+2 486.8mg/l, BOD 49.2mg/l, COD 220.4mg/l, Pb+2 0.55mg/l, Zn+2 0.09mg/l, Cd+2 0.01mg/lpH 8.2, EC 1191.6?s/cm, TSS 68.1mg/l, TDS 927.6mg/l, Cl - 76.95mg/l (SO4)+2, 722.6mg/l, BOD 4.4mg/l, COD 29.2mg/l, Pb+2 0.04mg/l, Zn+2 0.03mg/l, Cd+2 0.01mg/lFrom the results of the study showed that there is a no significant increase in the concentrations in sulfate and TDS, but increases slowly. In the water of charging department reached the concentration of same variables and respectivelyThe second aims of this study a steamed the concentration and rate of air pollution (Total Suspended Particles, heavy metal, Oxides and gases) collected the sample of outstanding minutes analysis made to know and identify the concentration of heavy metal for same factory section and compared those with local and global determinants also the concentration of air emitted was measured.Results of the study showed that there is a significant increase in the concentrations of the outstanding minutes compared to the allowable limits as it reached the highest concentration in the Department of Shipping 3313.46?g/m3. The lowest concentration was in the section of the Aggregation 0.8155?g/m3. Where the concentration of heavy metals, especially lead element exceeded the permissible limits as it reached the highest concentration in Ficus section 3.53?g/m3 the lowest concentration in the assembly department which is 0.36 ?g/m3 concentration of CO gas in the department of Ficus, Shipping, assembly, queries reachedpH 1.6, EC 12058?s/cm, TSS 148.3mg/l, TDS 10122mg/l, Cl - 76mg/l(SO4) +2 3838mg/l, BOD 23.55mg/l, COD 203.5mg/l, Pb+20.55mg/l Zn+20.46mg/l, Cd+2 0.022mg/lrespectively.(21.7, 3.9, 2.44, 2.84?g/m3), the concentration of CO2 was 231.8, 187.6, 219.4, 225.4?g/m3.In the department of Ficus, Shipping, assembly, respectively queries either NO2 was 0.12?g/m3 in sections of Ficus, Shipping and queries, 0.16?g/m3 in the assembly department. The H2S appeared only in sections Ficus, Shipping with concentration 0.02?g/m3, 0.18?g/m3 respectively, either gas SO2 only appeared in the shipping department and was only 0.01 ?g/m3.The last part of these study was to calculate the amount of solid waste for a period of study in terms of total solid waste generated by the plant was 37.004 tons for eight months and included this waste pastes lead and lead plates and scrap processing units either the amount of recycling of batteries that are broken in the foundry of lead in Khan Dhari amounted to 354.832 tons for eight months, and the output of 181.1 tons. In this study we foxed on the problems in these factory that effected the process of industry and we found liquid wastes in the factory is not efficient in reducing the concentrations of all the variables treatment and gaseous emissions generated in the factory, there are no have any significant treatment of solid waste recycled and are utilized as it emerged that the Babil / 2 battery plant on a large degree of pollution sulfate and TDS with regard to liquid waste. The minutes and the outstanding lead with respect to gaseous pollutants to the current study that recommended a set of recommendations that would work to eliminate or minimize the causes of pollution and thus access to good results.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: سهير ازهر الكاظمي
اسم المؤلف: منال مالك سعدون الموسوي

الكشف عن بعض عوامل البيئة الداخلية للخلايا السرطانية للنساء العراقيات المصابات بسرطان الثدي Detection of Some Microenvironment Factors In Tissue Samples of Iraqi Women With Breast Cancer

المستخلص: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of cancer - related deaths in women. It continues to rank as one of the top killer of women. This cancer increased in frequency in the last years in Iraq. The aim of this study was to shed light on the immunohistochemical for some factors that could be affect on development of microenvironment in breast cancer of Iraqi patients. And these factors include CD133 as a marker for breast cancer stem cells (BCSs), and also studying tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF - ?) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF - ?). 53 samples Formalin - fixed, paraffin - embedded (FFPE) wax block appeared their ages were range from 29 - 70 year with a mean age of 48.45 years. 32 patients with breast carcinoma and 21 patients with benign breast lesions were included in this study for comparison. The results of this study show that the CD133 positive expression was found in (56.2%) of Iraqi breast cancer cases. Also the result of this study show that (62.5%) positive expression from both (TNF - ? &TGF - ?) of breast cancer cases, compared with sample of benign breast lesion. The results show (52.3%) positive expression of TNF - ? and (28.57%) positive expression of TGF - ? of samples with benign breast lesion, there is a significant different between studied samples, compared with (19.05%) samples positive expression of CD133 of sample with benign breast lesion so there is a significant different between the samples with breast cancer and benign breast lesion. Also the results show there is a positive relationship correlation between (TGF - ?) expression and (TNF - ?) expression, while there were no relationship correlation between (TGF - ?) and CD133 and no relationship correlation between TNF - ? and CD133. The results show there is a positive correlation between the grade and breast cancer with the three different expressions of marker but in different strongest correlations between (TNF - ?) and (TGF - ?) with the graded but this correlation becomes weak with CD133 marker the value of significant. According to the relationship in breast cancer case in this study between the studied markers and stage of case it shows (TNF - ?) has a strong positive correlation while the correlation appear week between the stage of this studies case and end each of TGF - ? and CD133. For this we concluded from the results there high expression of CD133 and TNF - ? indicators and TGF - ?. CD133 could use in diagnosis of the cancer cell and the high expression of TNF - ? & TGF - ? indicate that these factor play important roles in tumor microenvironment metastasis. And the strong correlation between the expression of these markers with grade and stage of breast cancer
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: اخلاص مشرف عيدان
اسم المؤلف: فاطمة سمير عبد الرزاق الزبيدي

دراسة بعض الجوانب المناعية والبكتريولوجية لمرضى ذات الرئة Pneumonia Study Some Immunological And Bacteriological Aspects of Pneumonia Patients

المستخلص: جمعت 120 عينة قشع من اشخاص مصابين بمرض ذات الرئه للمدة من ايار 2013 الى شباط 2014 من ثلاثة مستشفيات في مدينة بغداد وشملت مستشفى اليرموك التعليمي, مستشفى دار التمريض الخاص, مستشفى بغداد التعليمي. شخصت العينات باستخدام الفحوص البايوكيميائية, نظامApi 20 E و| From May 2013 to Feburey 2014, 120 sputum and Aspiration samples of patients with pneumonia disease were collected from different hospitals in Baghdad included : Al Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Hospital Nursing Home sector and Baghdad Teaching Hospital. All samples were diagnosed by biochemical tests, Api 20 E and Api20 strep. Systems, The results was found to be 28 isolates (23.3%) belong to K.pneumoniae, 26 isolates (21.7 %) belong to S.pneumonia while 66 isolates(55%) belong to causes : E.coli, Pseudomonas sp., Moraxella catrrhalis, S.pyogens, Monilia and S.aureus. From (55) blood samples of pneumonia patients and 30 blood samples from healthy individuals, number of white blood cell (Neutrophil) counts were measured, percentage of Neutrophil cell count in female (53%) higher than the cell count in male(47%). Some markers of pneumonia disease were studied such as ratio of infection between male and female, chronic and acute cases and smoker and non smoker, the results were showed the ratio of infection in female more than in male, (60%, 40%), respectively. And number of acute cases of pneumonia patients 41(74.55%) more than chronic cases 14(25.45%). While infection ratio in smoker patients more than nonsmoker patients at ratio 24(57.14%)18(42.86%), respectively. The result of interleukin - 8 level through acute and chronic phases in pneumonia patients sera was showed high level in patients compared with healthy persons (86.4403 ± 25.50919 vs. 58.7636 ± 4.73152 pg / ml, respectively) with a non significant difference statistically (P?0.05). Also in the age group (age 15 - 60years), The results showed the results interleukin 8 levels higher than the age groups of (2month - 3years) and (age 60 - 85) (93.63 ± 51.65, 68.88 ± 17.17, 65.68 ± 11.73 pg / ml, respectively) with non significant difference (P?0.05). The result of Leukotriene B4 level through acute and chronic phases in pneumonia patients sera showed high level in patients compared with healthy persons (36.00 ± 3, 82 vs. 25.96 ± 4.44 pg / ml, respectively) with a significant difference (P?0.05). Also in the age group (two months - 3 years) were showed the results interleukin 8 levels higher than the age groups (age 15 - 60) (age (60 - 85)(33.61 ± 11.06, 19.29 ± 4.67, 16.86 ± 4.51 pg / ml respectively) with no siginificant difference (P?0.05), the correlation coeifficient between interleukin - 8 and leukotriene B4 was (0.12) with no siginificant difference. The phagocytic activity was determined in pneumonia patients sera according to measurement C3 protein level through acute and chronic phases, the result were showed the ratio of C3 protein levels in healthy persons more than in patients (135.93 ± 12.74, 133.19 ± 12.01 pg / ml, respectively) with a difference was not significant statistically (P?0.05).
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: رسمية عبد ابو ريشة
اسم المؤلف: كرم رياض حسن الجراح

التنميط الوراثي لمستضدات التطابق النسيجي في عينة عراقية من مرضى السكري النوع الثاني Hla Genotyping In A Sample of Iraqi Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

المستخلص: داء السكري مرض واسع الانتشارعالميا تختلف نسبة الاصابة بين البلدان المتطورة والنامية ويعتبر المسبب الرئيسي للاعاقة والموت في العالم.داء السكري النوع الثاني هو الاكثر حدوثا حيث تبلغ نسبة الاصابة (90 - 95%) من مجموع المصابين بالسكري للانواع الثلاثة الرئيسية. | Sixty of non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients who were diagnosed according to American Diabetes Association criteria (ADA) 2007 were selected from the specialized center of endocrinology and diabetes (Baghdad AL - Russafa Health Directorate) during the period between first of May 2013 to last of October 2013.Their age ranged 35 - 70 years. Fourty apparently healthy individuals their age ranged (35 - 70) years were considered as control. Enzymatic colorimetric methods used for measured FBS (fasting blood sugar) and HbA1c (glycohemoglobin) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for hormones and enzyme markers. Fasting blood sugar revealed high significant in patients with median (11.6 mmol/L vs. 5.9 mmol/L) and (P<0.001) in comparison to control groups.Elevation of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with mean (9% vs. 5.5%) in comparison to control groups. Another reliable marker are the concentration Adpionectine hormone, Insulin hormone and adenosine deaminase activity the results of those estimated significantly difference between levels mean (20.7 vs. 34 ng /ml) in patients compared to healthy subjects (P<0.001) for adiponectin ; mean (106.6 vs. 59.3 ng/ml) for ADA (adenosine deaminase) with (P<0.001) and the median (12.1 vs. 16 uIU/ml) for insulin hormone with (P 0.001). In order to investigate the accuracy of previously mentioned tests, a statistical analysis [Receiver - Operator Characteristics (ROC)] has been applied to show the accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of the tests under test.This analysis revealed that serum ADA activity is the best marker with highly specificity 100%, sensitivity 100%, and accuracy 100% while; FBS was the best test with highly specificity 100%, sensitivity 100% and 100% accuracy in comparison with other tests. It was denoted that type2 DM was associated with certain HLA class II alleles were analyzed for their genotyping by Polymerase Chain Reaction - Sequences Specific Olegionucleotide (PCR - SSO) technique. The present study revealed that diabetic patients were positively associated with HLA - DQB1*0201 (83% vs. 5.0%) which is the most prevalent in patients followed by DRB1*1137 (46.7% vs. 0.0%); DRB1*0401 (41.7% vs. 2.5%), and DRB1*1306(15% vs.0.0%) while HLA, A*0201;B*3559;Cw*0410 and DQB1*0501 is negatively associated in type 2DM in comparison with healthy control groups.This study has shown that there is no significant association between FBS, HbA1c, serum insulin, HOMA2(Homeostatic Model Assessment2) ? - function, HOMA2 - IR, serum adiponectin, serum ADA and HLA alleles(DQB1*0201, DRB1*1137, DRB1*0401, DQB1*0501, DRB1*1306) in spite the significant associated between FBS and serum ADA and HLA - DRB1*0701 allele with (P 0.021, P 0.008) respectively.The current result concluded that there may be an important role for HLA genotyping in arising the chance for enhancing the susceptibility for either disease development or protection against its initiation.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: محمد ابراهيم نادر بتول حسن الغرابي
اسم المؤلف: احمد كاظم محمد

انشاء وتوصيف لخط سرطان الثدي الخلوي العراقي Establishment And Characterization of Iraqi Breast Cancer Cell Line

المستخلص: Several primary cultures were initiated from different samples obtained from Iraqi female patients of breast tumor, one sample was successful, and this sample was histological diagnosed as breast cancer infiltrating ductal carcinoma.The cell suspension was cultured in tissue culture flask and confluent monolayer achieved after 16 days from primary culture. The continuous subculture was done in grown cells in tissue culture flask each 48 - 96 hrs. Between subculture to other until across 50 passages through11months.In our current study different experiments were done to characterize the cultured continuous cells, which are studying the growth curve of the new established cell line and calculating the population doubling time that have been 22 hours.Furthermore, a morphological study was carried out by staining the cells with hematoxilin and eosin dyes. The cells were elongated multi - polar epithelial like cells with nuclear polymorphism and multi - nuclei, in addition to high nuclear to cytoplasm ratio, all these characters of the malignant tumor cells.The Cytogenetic study showed chromosomal aberrations with many numerical changes among the tumor cells and abnormal structure gives chromosomes with unknown origin called marker chromosome. In furthermore the G - band stained of normal 46XX chromosome was done to facilities the comparisons between chromosomes of the new established breast cancer cell line and normal chromosomes aberrationsImmunocytochemistry examination was done for the tumor cells grown in multi well tissue culture slide chamber to detect the presence of some hormonal receptors (ER and PR) gives negative result, and to test Her - neu2 gene that gives week positive result.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: محفوظة عباس عمران احمد مجيد الشمري
اسم المؤلف: مرتضى عادل الشامي

تاثير فطريات المايكو راي زا الشجيرية والمادة العضوية في مرض الذبول المتسبب عن الفطر Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici في نبات الطماطة Lycopersicon esculentum Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza And Organic Matter On Wilting Caused By (Fusarium Oxysporum F.Sp. Lycopersici) In Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum)

المستخلص: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three arbuscular mycorrhizal species (Glomus etunicatum, G. leptotichum, Rhizophagus intraradices) and the organic matter (Peatmoss) on controlling the wilting caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici on tomatoes using pot cultures. The study was included two experiments : 1 - The first experiments was performed to select the best mycorrhizal species or a maxture of two or three species acting on several parameters, Results showed the followings : - Significant increase of the tri mixture activity of the three mycorrhizal species compared to the dual mixture or single species on mycorrhizal colonization, mycorrhizal dependency and the weight of mycorrhizal roots after four and eight weeks planting. - The highest activity of the trimixture of AM fungi in increasing the plant growth parameters after four and eight weeks planting. - The highest activity of the tri mixture of AM fungi in increasing the percentage of N, P, K and the protein in leaves and roots after 8 weeks planting compared to other treatments.2 - The second experiment was performed to study the effect of the tri mixture of AM fungi (which gave the highest activity in the first experiments) and the organic matter in the presence of the pathogen F.o.l. and their interactions on mycorrhizal parameters, disease parameters, analysis of some elements and compounds, study of some plant growth parameters, enzymatic and non - enzymatic antioxidants in tomato plant, Results revealed the followings : - Significant increase in mycorrhizal colonization included % of mycorrhizal frequency, mycorrhizal intensity in the root system, mycorrhizal intensity in in root fragments, abundance of arbuscules in parts of root fragments, abundance of arbuscules in root system and the highest values were shown in the treatment (organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) after six and ten weeks planting. - Significant increase in dry weight of mycorrhizal roots, the highest was shown in the treatment (organic matter x control) after 10 weeks planting. - Increase in percentage of mycorrhizal dependency after 6 and 10 weeks planting and the highest percentage was shown in the treatment (absence organic matter x control) after 10 weeks. - Increase in number of mycorrhizal spores, the highest was recorded in the treatment (organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) after 12 weeks. - Significant decrease in % of disease parameters in leaves and roots, the lowest percentage were recorded by the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) for all parameters. - Results of plant growth parameters showed significant increase of all for different weeks. The treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control) recorded the highest for all parameters tested in plant. - The treatments affected the flowering and fruit duration, the shortest was shown by the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control) - Significant increase in percentage of N, K and protein in leaves and roots, and chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll in leaves, the highest values were shown in treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control). - The treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) recorded the highest percentage of P, souble carbohydrates, highest content of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in leaves and roots as well as highest percentage of lignin in roots. - Significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves and roots, the highest activity recorded by the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x absence organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection). - Significant increase of non - antioxidant enzymatic in antioxidants included content of carotene in leaves, content of ascorbic acid, proline, total phenol, and glutathione in leaves and roots, The treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control) showed the highest content of carotene and ascorbic acid while the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) showed the highest content of proline, total phenol and glutathione in leaves and roots.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: بتول زينل علي
اسم المؤلف: ثامر عبد الشهيد محسن علي الابراهيمي

دراسة تصنيفية لانواع مختارة من نباتات ذوات الفلقتين في محافظة كربلاء المقدسة, العراق Taxanomical Study For Selected Dicot. Spp. In The Holy Karbala Province, Iraq

المستخلص: تناول البحث الحالي دراسة بيئية لعدة مواقع من محافظة كربلاء المقدسة بين شهري شباط وايار ولسنتي 2013 و2014 من حيث نوع الترب والمجتمعات الاحيائية لهذه المواقع جمعت خلالها انواع مختلفة من النباتات تابعة لعائلات مختلفة ضمن ذوات الفلقة الواحدة وذوات الفلقتين اذ | The present work includes ecological study for different locations of the holy Karbala province between February and May and for the years2013, 2014, investigating soil kinds and communities in these locations. Different plant species of Monocots and Dicots were collected from variable soil kinds, such as sandy saline soil, loamy saline soil and sandy gravely soil. The species of Haloxylon salicornicum, Zygophyllum coccenium were dominant in the communities of sandy saline soil, Nitraria retusa, Juncus sp. and Halocnemum strobilaceum were dominant in loamy saline soil.Comparative anatomical study has been done for (30) Dicots wild species grown in these environments of Karbala province, as follow : a.Family : Aizooaceae1) Aizoon hispanicum L. b.Family : Chenopodiaceae2) Chenopodium murale L.3) Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.)M.Bieb.4) Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.)Bunge ex. Boiss.5) Salicornia herbacea L.c. Family : Compositae (Asteraceae)6) Carthamus oxycantha M.B. 7) Launaea capitata (Spreng.)Dany 8) Launaea mucronata (Forssk.)Muschl. 9) Rechardia tingitana (L.)Roth. d. Family : Convolvulaceae10) Convolvulus oxypyllus Boiss. e. Family : Cruciferae (Brassicaceae)11) Diplotaxis harra (Forssk.)Bioss. 12) Sterigosella africana (L.)Boch. 13) Sterigosella grandiflora (Bnge)Bochantsev 14) Savignya parviflora (Del.)Webb. 15) Neotorularia torulosa (Desf.) Hedge & J. Leonard 16) Zilla spinosa (Turra)Prantl. f. Family : Cucurbitaceae 17) Citrullus colocynthis (L.)Schrad. g. Family : Geraniaceae18) Erodium laciniatum (Cav.) Willd.h. Family : Malvaceae19) Malva parviflora L. i. Family : Neuradaceae 20) Neurada procumbens L. j. Family : Nitrariaceae21) Nitraria retusa (Forssk.)Aschers.22) Peganum harmala L. k. Family : Papillionaceae23) Trigonella stellata Forssk. m. Family : Polygoniaceae 24) Rumex versicarius L. n. Family : Resedaceae25) Oligomeris linifolia (Vahl)Macbr.q. Family : Solaneaceae 26) Lycium barbarum L.r. Family : Tamaricaceae 27) Tamarix florida Bge.28) Tamarix macrocarpa (Ehrenb.)Bge.u. Family : Zygophyllaceae29) Fagonia glutinosa Del. 30) Zygophyllum coccenium L. The present research focused on many anatomical characters and studies comparatively, such as epidermis types, stomatal complexes, leaf venation, cross sections of root, stem and vertical sections of leaf blades. Different cross sections were shows variability cuticle thickness and epidermis, vascular cylinder tissues, collenchyma and sclerenchyma in different species studies. Variations were noticed among these tissues in the variable species.Thickness of cuticle epidermis of leaves were variable, and unifacial and bifacial mesophylls were noticed for the first time in some species studies. Some cross sections were obtained for scale leaves in Tamarix florida, Tamarix macrocarpa, Halocnemum strobilaceum, Haloxylon salicornicum and Salicornia herbacea.The anatomical characters of these plant parts has not been studied before for these species, at least for Iraqi specimens. The following species Launaea capitata, Oligomeris linifolia and Zilla spinosa were glabrous in all vegetative and reproductive organs. In time that the other species, Haloxylon salicornicum , Salicornia herbacea, Launaea mucronata, Reichardia tingitana, Strigosella grandiflora , Peganum harmala, Lycium barbarum, Tamarix florida and Tamarix macrocarpa were glabrous just in the vegetative parts, but hairy (pubescent) in the reproductive organs. The indumentums was variable in thickness within variable plant organs and parts, even on the lower and upper leaf surfaces. Different kinds of crystals were found and verified in the stems and leaves of different species. Size and density of these crystals were variable in variable locations of stem and leaf tissues.. Geographical distribution was investigated for all the studied species using Iraqi satellite maps by GIS program. Neotorularia torulosa was the most distributed species, and Rumex versicarius was the least distributed one. Schedules, schemes, illustrations and micrographs were presented for the different species studied in this work. Lastly results were discussed depending on available references and reasons.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: علي حسين عيسى الموسوي خليل ابراهيم الشمري
اسم المؤلف: زينة خليل ابراهيم البهادلي

دراسة تصنيفية لانواع الجنس Echinops L. (Compositae) في العراق Comparative And Systematical Study of The Genus Echinops L. (Compositae) In Iraq

المستخلص: تناول البحث الحالي دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة لانواع الجنس Echinops L. في العراق حيث شملت الصفات المظهرية والتشريحية وحبوب اللقاح، وكذلك البيئة التوزيع الجغرافي فضلا عن المعاملة التصنيفية. شملت الدراسة المظهرية دراسة صفات الجذور والسيقان والاوراق والرؤوس الزهري | The present investigation dealt with comparative systematic study of the genus Echinops L. (Compositae) in Iraq.The work involved comparative morphological and anatomical characters, in addition to palynology, ecology, geographical distribution and taxonomic treatment for these species. Morphological characters of roots, leaves, involucre bracts, inflorescence, in addition to, indumentum variations were discussed and the study concluded that stems, leaves, involucres bracts, especially the inner most layer characters were useful aid in distributing species of the genus. Comparative anatomical characters were used, such as characters of leaves, epidermis stomatal complexes, variation patterns, cross sectionings of stems, leaves as well as L.S of growing points. The study revealed that the anatomical characters are important taxonomically. The present investigation observed that pollen grains of all species were tricolporate and echinate. The taxonomic important of grains characters were assessed of the species. Maps of geographical distribution were prepared for all species studied. The study shown that most species were distributed in the North area of Iraq and a few species of the genus were distributed in the East and South of Iraq. In conclusions, (11) species of the genus Echinops were recognized in Iraq. Taxonomic treatment was carried out for all Echinops species and key was designed for them
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: علي حسين عيسى الموسوي
اسم المؤلف: سكينة عباس عليوي

دراسة مقارنة للتاثير السمي للزنبور الاحمر Vespa Orientalis L والزنبور الاصفر Polistes Olivaceaus (De Geer) (Hymenoptera : Vespidae على تحلل كريات الدم الحمراء والتخثر لدى الانسان Poison Effects of Red Wasp Vespa Orientalis L. And Yellow Wasp Polistes Olivaceaus (De Geer) (Hymenoptera : Vespidae) On The Decomposition of Red Blood Cells And Coagulation In Humans

المستخلص: To study the impact of toxic of the the Red Wasp Vespa orientalis L. and yellow wasp Polistes olivaceaus (De Geer) from family (Vespidae) the decomposition of red blood cells and clotting in humans. Were collected 508 insect Red wasp was where the number of workes 390 insect the yellow wasp gathered 539 insect where the number of worker 418 insect, and the diagnosis was confirmed based on the taxonomic keys and professors speclalized in the natural history museum and then extracting machine stinging for poisonWasp red and yellow toxin were purified by gel filtration throw Sephacryl S - 200 were obtained on three peaks of proteins, and when estimated the activity of lysis and clotting for peaks separate P1, P2 and P3 for wasp red toxin, the lysis activity of separate P1 was 98% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 47.3 minutes, while the lysis activity of separate P2 was 62% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 27.53 minutes, and the lysis activity of separate P3 was 29% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 13.67 minutes, so P1 separate from Wasp red poison was selected to purification and study the molecular characteristics, while when estimated the activity of lysis and clotting for peaks separate P1, P2 and P3 for wasp yellow toxin, the lysisactivity of separate P2 was 91% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 43.8 minutes, while the lysis activity of separate P1 was 49% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 19.28 minutes, and the lysis activity of separate P3 was 29% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 7.52 minutes, so P2 separate from wasp red poison was selected to purification and study the molecular characteristics The molecular weight of wasp red and yellow toxin the protein cm wasp red toxin P1 was 22387 Da and wasp yellow toxin P2 was 22382 Da using the gel filtration Sephacryl S - 200, while the carbohydrates content were 60.057 and 44.460 mg/ ml for wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin respectively as determined by phenol - sulfuric acid method, and type of link between carbohydrates and protein in the separate P1 and P2 investigating by using gel filtration Sephacryl S - 200 and absorbance at 280 and 490 nm.The percentage of iron in wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin were 0.88 and 0.44 ppm respectively as determined by atomic absorption, the contain proteins separate P1 and P2 on the iron were investigating by using gel filtration Sephacryl S - 200 and absorbance at 280 and 557 nm. The optimum pH of lysis and clotting activity for wasp red toxin P1 was 6.5, while lysis activity was decrease in pH 4 and 8 to be 38 and 79% respectively from its original activity, and clotting time was decreased from 47.3 min at optimum pH to be 17.9 and 37.3 min at pH 4 and 8, respectively, it was noted that wasp red toxin P1 was constant in the pH range of lysis activity from 6 - 7.5, but it lost 67 and 25% from its original activity at pH 4 and 8 respectively, while the clotting time was constant in the pH range from 6 - 7.5, but it decreased in pH 4 and 8 to be 15.6 and 35.4 minutes respectively The optimum pH of lysis and clotting activity for wasp yellow toxin P2 was 6.5, while lysis activity was decrease in pH 4 and 8 to be 18 and 37% respectively from its original activity, and clotting time was decreased from 48.8 min at optimum pH to be 8.7 and 35.6 min at pH 4 and 8 respectively, it was noted that wasp red toxin P2 was constant in the pH range of lysis activity from 5.5 - 8, but it lost 74 and 19% from its original activity at pH 4 and 8 respectively, while the clotting time was constant in the pH range from 6 - 7.5, but it decreased in pH 4 and 8 to be 12.6 and 39.5 minutes respectively The results for optimum stability temperature of lysis and clotting activity for wasp red toxin P1 refer to increase activity by increasing the action temperature until it reached a maximum at a temperature 35oC, then lysis activity was decreased to be about 4% of its original activity at 80oC, while the clotting time was decrease from 48.8 minutes at the optimum temperature to be 1.8 minutes at 80oC, it was noted that the lysis and clotting activity were stabile at 35oC for 30 min, but it is beginning to decrease with increasing temperature to loses 84% of its original lysis activity at 80oC, and the clotting time was decreased from 47.3 min at 35oCto be 2.3 min at 80oC.The results for optimum stability temperature of lysis and clotting activity for wasp yellow toxin P2 refer to increase activity by increasing the reaction temperature until it reached a maximum at a temperature 35oC, then Lysis activity was decreased to be about 8% of its original activity at 80oC, while the clotting time was decrease from 48.8 minutes at the optimum temperature to be 3.9 minutes at 80oC, it was noted that the lysis and clotting activity were stabile at 35oC for 30 min, but it is beginning todecrease with increasing temperature to loses 98% of its original Lysis activity at 80oC, and the clotting time was decreased from 48.8 min at 35oC to be 5.3 min at 80oC.The results refer to found a relationship between the influence of the wasp type and dose on the red blood cells lysis degree in males and females, it was observed that the concentration had a significant effect (p<0.05) in the red blood cells lysis degree in females, it was 0.401 at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it was 0.331 at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, the concentration also had a significant effect (p<0.05) in the red blood cells lysis degree in males, it was 1.020 at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it 0.842 at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, also it refer to found a significant effect (p<0.05) between the effect of the wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin and dose on the red blood cells clotting time in females, itwas 46.80 min at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it was 46.20 min at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, the concentration also had a significant effect (p<0.05) in the red blood cells clotting time in males, it was 47.80 min at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it 40.47 min at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, there was no significant effects for blood clotting time when making a comparison between the wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin for eachconcentration in females and males. The compared between red blood cells clotting time due the wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin dose in females and males did not refer to found a significant effect (p<0.05), the clotting time for wasp red P1 was 46.80 and 47.80 min at concentration 100% for females and males respectively, while the clotting time at concentration 6.25% was 17.30 and 17.10 min for females and males respectively, whilst the clotting time red blood cells due wasp yellow P2 toxin in females was 46.20 min and 47.40 min in males at concentration 100%, and it was 17.00 min in females and 17.10 min in males at concentration 6.25%.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الحشرات
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: سعدون ابراھیم اسماعیل محمد عبد الرزاق الصوفي
اسم المؤلف: شهد فلاح عباس

دراسة تصنيفية مظهرية لبعض انواع عائلة فراشات اللهانة من رتبة حرشفية الاجنحة (Lepidoptera : Pieridae) من مناطق وسط العراق وشماله Taxonomic Morphological Study of Some Species of Cabbage Butterflies, (Lepidoptera : Pieridae) From Mid And North Regions of Iraq

المستخلص: The present study comprises taxonomic morphological of seven species belong to six genera of the subfamilies Pierinae, Coliadinae, (Pieridae : Lepidoptera) which were collected from middle and north of Iraq.The described species in this study are : Famliy : Pieridae Duponchel - Subfamily : Pierinae DuponchelGenus : Pieris Schrank, 1801Pieris rapae Linnaeus, 1758Pieris brassicae Linnaeus, 1758Genus : Belenois Moor, 1881Belenois aurota Fabricius, 1793Genus : Colotis Hübner, 1816Colotis fausta Olivier, 1804Genus : Anthocharis Boisduval, 1836Anthocharis cardamines Linnaeus, 1758 - Subfamily : Coliadinae SwainsonGenus : Colias Fabricius, 1807Colias croceus Fourcroy, 1785Genus : Gonepteryx Leach, 1785Gonepteryx rhamni Linnaeus, 1758The last species as new recorded to fauna of Iraq
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الحشرات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: حسن سعيد جاسم الاسدي
اسم المؤلف: مهند محمود اغا

التمنيع باضداد الخمل النوع الاول المنتجة من بكتريا الاشريكية القولونية المسببة لالتهاب المجاري البولية ضد استيطان واصابة المثانة Immunization With Type 1 Fimbriae of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Against Colonization And Infection of Bladder

المستخلص: Between September and November 2013 a total of 140 urine specimens obtained from patients in Al - Kadhmiah Teaching Hospital, Ibn - Al Naffees Teaching Hospital, and Educational Laboratories in Medical city. These midstream urine specimens were obtained from patients clinically suspected to have urinary tract infection (UTI) in sterilized containers. All specimens were processed immediately after collection.A total number of 140 specimens of mid - stream urine were collected from patients suffering urinary tract infection symptoms. These isolates were obtained from 41 male and 99 female patients. They were distributed in the age group of 5 - 60 years old. All specimens were identified using biochemical tests and API 20 E system. 60 (42.85%) of urine specimens was Escherichia coli and 15(10.71%) of specimens growth was Klebsiella spp. and 25(17.85%) growth was Proteus spp. and 40 (28.57%) was G+ve bacteria.The adherence ability of E.coli isolates were evaluated by using Congo red agar and detected their ability to produce biofilm by using methylene blue staining technique in polystyrene microtiter plates and then Optical density was determined at 580 nm.All sixty isolates of E.coli were grown on Congo red agar medium to detect their adherence ability. Twenty (33.3%) isolates were given negative result by forming pink colonies on congo red agar, were as, forty (66.6%) isolates were given positive result by forming black colonies with a dry crystalline. Three isolates give strong results E.coli (13, 8, and 40). Consistency indicated biofilm production by microtiter plate. E. coli 40 which isolated produced the thickest biofilm (O.D. : =3.17).Type 1 fimbriae expression by E.coli 40 isolate was detected by mannose - resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) of human blood group (O) IRBCs in the presence of 2% D - mannose. The isolate showed strong MRHA characteristics of type 1 fimbriae under microscope (40x). The E.coli E.40isolate which produced the thickest biofilm and gave strong MRHA was elected to be the source of type 1 fimbriae.Type 1 fimbriae was extracted by heating and mechanical shearing and partially purified by Ultracentrifugation (48, 000xg for 3hrs). SDS - PAGE with a molecular weight 20, 000 Dalton.Anti - type1 fimbriae antisera were prepared in rabbits. The specificity and titration of anti - type1fimbriae antibodies were determined using IgG protein by radial immunodiffusion plate and bacterial agglutination. IgG antibodies to fimbriae type 1 were also detected in rabbit sera from immunized rabbit and non - immunized. Immunized rabbit test 1 had increases in Fim1 - specific IgG antibodies (9.5) mg/dl. Immunized rabbit test 2 had increases in Fim1 - specific IgG antibodies (8.6) mg/dl. The non - immunized rabbit had no increase in absolute IgG antibodies to Fim1.The antisera agglutinated bacterial cells up to 1/80 dilution confirming the presence and titer of specific antibodies against type1 fimbriae.The microtiter plate method was applied to estimate the role of the prepared anti - type1fimbriae antibodies in reducing the biofilim formation by E.coli. Prevention of bacterial adherence and subsequent biofilm formation to polystyrene microtiter plate was studied by employing different dilutions (1/10, 1/20, 1/40, 1/80, 1/160, 1/320, 1/640) of rabbit sera containing anti - type 1 fimbriae antibodies. The maximum inhibition of biofilm formation in terms of optical density (580 nm) was found in lowest dilution (1/10) (highest concentration of Abs). However, the minimum inhibition was observed in highest dilution of rabbit antisera (1/640) (lowest concentration of Abs). Here the inhibition occurs in a dose dependent manner as the biofilm formation increased dramatically with increasing in antisera dilution. The results also showed that there is a significant difference(P<0.05) among data treated with sera and data without sera and among serial dilutions.General urine examination and culture for urine that absorbed from test 2 and control was done (GUE) show that pus cell in urine was (1 - 2/HPF). There was no growth of bacteria in urine culture.The Histological section show that the Control and test 1 rabbit (have been immunized with fimbriae and adjuvant and injected with E.coli intra muscular) and Test 2rabbit (that has been immunized with fimbriae and adjuvant and injected with E.coli directly in bladder has normal epithelial cells and mucosa.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: رسمية عبد ابو ريشة
اسم المؤلف: اروى علي شكر

التقييم الجزيئي لنسخ جين المقاومة الدوائية MDR1 في بعض المرضى العراقيين البالغين المصابين بسرطان ابيضاض الدم الحاد Molecullar Assessment of Multidrug Resistance Gene (MDR1) Transcript In Some Adult Iraqi Patients With Acute Leukemia

المستخلص: The present study aims to shed light on the follow up of acute leukemic (AL) patients at initial diagnosis and after treatment to assess the response and early relapse through evaluating the gene expression level of one of the major multidrug resistance genes which is the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) to investigate the possible association between level of MDR1 gene expression and the clinical outcomes and this may be considered as a potential marker for response to chemotherapy of acute leukemic patients. Furthermore, the current study correlates between the MDR1 gene phenotype and MDR1 genotype in three important coding regions (C1236T, G2677T/A, and C3435T considering the potential influence of altering MDR1 activity and its effect on therapy outcome as well as susceptibility to develop cancer.White blood cells (WBCs) isolated from 106 blood sample of acute leukemic patients were provided by Iraqi hospitals in Medical City. These samples were distributed as follows : 46 newly diagnosed patients with acute leukemia who had not received chemotherapy and follow - up 25 after 1st induction, 17 after 2nd induction and 8 at consolidation, with 10 blood samples of healthy voluntaries. Two comparative groups were taken included 46 sample of peripheral blood (PB) and 26 sample of bone marrow biopsy (BMB) in paraffin blocks to validate the level of gene expression compare to WBCs. For genotyping analysis, 56 of blood sample were taken to study genetic variation of MDR1 gene polymorphism. The samples preservation with TRIzol was done. Samples subjected to total RNA and DNA extraction, then molecular study by using reverse transcription, Quantitative Real Time - polymerase chain reaction (qRT - PCR) and direct sequencing, at Molecular Oncology Unit in Guy´s Hospital - Kings College / London.The study reached at the following results : 1 - The results showed age groups (20 - 39 years) were associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), while (13 - 19 years) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).2 - The level of MDR1 gene expression showed high significant differences with WBCs compared to PB and BMB.3 - The clinical outcomes indicated that the rate of complete response (CR) of newly diagnosed acute leukemic patients was 19(41%), while 27(58.7%) was non - responder (NR).4 - Statistical analysis showed significant differences with NR at initial diagnosis in acute myeloid leukemia, while appeared after 1st induction in lymphoid type.5 - The results of positivity MDR1 gene expression were 10(21.7%) out of 46 newly diagnosed in acute leukemia, while 36(78.3%) were MDR1 - negative depend on (1.1±0.03) cutoff value.6 - The positivity MDR1 gene expression appeared mainly in non - responders patients at initial diagnosis, and with early relapse patients, after complete remission, in consolidation.7 - The MDR1 mRNA expression showed significant differences with high level in NR compared to CR patients at initial diagnosis. During treatment follow up the increased level of MDR1 gene expression in CR patients and appeared non - significantly with NR.8 - The results of MDR1 C1236T genotype and allele frequency showed that 1236CC wild type genotype and C allele were significantly frequent in healthy control. While CT heterozygous genotype frequency was highly significant in AML and no significant difference in allele frequency. ALL showed non - significant difference in genotype and allele frequency of MDR1 C1236T.9 - Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (ORs and 95%CI) analysis showed no evidence associated with risk factor in MDR1 C1236T ALL carriers. While risk factor observed in AML with MDR1 1236CT carriers.10 - The results of MDR1 phenotype - genotype association indicate that MDR1 1236CC wild type was significantly high expression among healthy and it was aprotective genotype. While the MDR1 1236CT showed significant differences with high level of MDR1 gene expression in AML patients. Whereas ALL revealed significant differences in high level of MDR1 gene expression with MDR1 1236TT genotype. Both CT and TT were affected genotypes.11 - The results of MDR1 G2677T genotype and allele frequency indicated that 2677GA genotype significantly appeared with low frequency in healthy control with no significant difference in allele frequency. Both ALL and AML showed high significant frequency in 2677GT genotype. G allele frequency was showed significant differences in AML while non - significant in with ALL.12 - Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (ORs and 95%CI) analysis showed the MDR1 2677GT genotype was associated with risk factor to developing ALL and AML. Whereas the GG appeared associated with AML only.13 - MDR1 phenotype - genotype association, indicate that MDR1 2677GA genotype was significantly high expression in healthy individual. While AML patients showed significant differences with high level of MDR1gene expression in 2677GT genotype. ALL showed significant differences with high level of MDR1 gene expression in MDR1 2677TT genotype.14 - The results of MDR1 C3435T genotype and allele frequency showed significant difference in genotype and allele frequency with heterozygous CT in both control and AML patients and mutant T allele. Whereas non - significant genotype and allele frequency with ALL.15 - Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (ORs and 95%CI) analysis showed that the MDR1 3435CC genotype carriers associated with risk to developing ALL. While no risk factor associate with MDR1 C3435T variants to develop AML.16 - MDR1 phenotype - genotype association, indicate that the wild type 3435CC genotype was significantly high expression in healthy control. The MDR1 3453CT genotype showed high significance with high level of MDR1 gene expression inAML. While ALL showed significantly high level of MDR1 gene expression in 3435TT genotype.17 - The results of MDR1 genotype - phenotype association showed similar impact of MDR1C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T genotypes in AML clinical outcomes. The MDR1 CT/GT/TT genotypes were associated in NR AML with high level of expression at presentation, compared to significant low level in CC/GG genotype. In contrast, CR patients were observed non - significant with MDR1 gene expression at presentation and significant with low MDR1CC/GG genotypes in post treatment. In regards to ALL patients the MDR1 TT genotype showed significant differences with high level of MDR1 gene expression in NR and CR ALL at presentation and significant only with NR at post treatment. So there was no clear evidence between MDR1 genotypes and clinical outcome with ALL.18 - The haplotype results showed that the three MDR1 C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T genotype were linkage disequilibrium significantly with heterozygous haplotype B (CT - GT - CT) compared to A(CGC) and C(TTT). Also B haplotype appeared significantly with high level of MDR1 gene expression compared to A and C. According to the clinical outcome, haplotype B was observed significant differences in NR AML patients while other haplotypes were non - significant
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عبد الحسين الفيصل
اسم المؤلف: كفاح جبار شاكر اليعقوبي

اليات استحثاث المقاومة في نبات الخيار بواسطة Trichoderma harzianum وBacillus subtilis وGlomus mosseae اتجاه الفطر Rhizoctonia solani المسبب لمرض سقوط البادرات Resistance Mechanisms In Cucumber Plant By Trichoderma Harzianum, Bacillus Subtilis And Glomus Mosseae Against Rhizoctonia Solani Causing Seedling Disease

المستخلص: نفذت هذه الدراسة للتحري عن اليات استحثاث المقاومة في نبات الخيار ضد الفطر الممرض Rhizoctonia solani بوساطة المعاملة بالعوامل الاحيائية وهي harzianum Trichodermaو Bacillus subtilis وGlomus mosseae وتاثير ذلك في نمو نبات الخيار وحاصله النامي تحت ظروف البيت | This study was carried out to investigate the mechanisms of induced resistance in cucumber plant against pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani by bioeagent factors Tricoderma harzianum fungus, Basillus sibtilis bacteria and mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. The effect in parameters growth and yield of cucumber plant which growing under greenhouse and field conditions. The pathogenic fungus showed high Pathogenesis on cucumber plant. Three isolated of B. subtilis and T. harzianum showed high antagonism ability against R. solani under laboratory condition. For mycorrhizal fungus G. mosseae isolated was tested to study their ability in cucumber growth for chosen the best isolated which can used in anther experiment which results were as follows : - A - Pots experiment 1 - The bioeagent factors was showed their ability to induced several mechanisms of resistance in cucumber plant against pathogenic fungus R. solani, Which included increasing the activity of defense enzymes in existed of pathogenic fungus R. solani, The treatment (T. harzianum + G. mosseae) was recorded highest level in enzyme activity of Phenylalanine ammonia layase enzyme which was (25.3541) unit/gm fresh weight, While T. harzianum treatment showed significantly increased the enzyme activity of Polyphenol oxidase and Peroxidase which was (10.6707, 2.6137) unit/gm fresh weight respectively. This study showed no enzyme activity for chitinase enzyme excepted in some treatment and some periods.This study recorded increased in plant content of total phenol, lignin, salicylic acid hormone, total protein, The (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) treatment overtaken on other treatments in increased plant content of total phenol which was (1.989) mg/gm fresh weight, B. subtilis treatment was significantly increased plant content of lignin which was (18.318) mg/gm fresh weight, The treatment (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) showed significantly increased plant content of salicylic acid hormone which was (1.8658) mg/gm fresh weight. This study recorded no Jasmonic acid hormone activity in treated plant except in some treatments but with low level, The treatment (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) was recorded highest content in total protein which was (239.3) ?g/mg. 2 - The rate of seedling death and disease index was significantly reduced in bioeagent treatments, The lowest rate for seedling death in the treatment of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis), (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) and (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) which were 11 % each for them comparison with control treatmentwith pathogen which was 100%.3 - The rate number of spores and percentage of mycorrhiza infection was significantly increased when mycorrhizal fungus G. mosseae interaction with T. harzianum or B. subtilis. The treatment of mycorrhiza infection with pathogen recorded highest number of mycorrhizal spores which was (1410) spore. The mycorrhiza infection reach to 100% in (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) and(G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment with pathogen fungus. The treatment of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) without pathogen recorded highest index of mycorrhiza infection which reach to (80)%, But the index of mycorrhiza infection and mycorrhizal root weight were decreased in the existed of pathogenic fungus, Mycorrhizal dependency it was increased in all treatments with pathogenic fungus and the treatment of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) with pathogen recorded highest percentage in Mycorrhizal dependency which was (58.873)%. 4 - The plant content of chlorophyll (a, b, total) was significantly increased, The tratment of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) with pathogen recorded highest level in chlorophyll a it was (5.30)mg/gm, the highest level in chlorophyll b found in(G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) without pathogen it was (6.07)mg/gm, (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment without pathogen recorded highest level in total chlorophyll it was (10.79)mg/gm. The concentration of phosphor concentration increased in shoot part of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) without pathogen which was (0.538)%, potassium concentration were decreased in all treatments with pathogen excepted (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) treatment, The highest level of potassium in treatment of (B. subtilis) without pathogen which recorded (4.65)%, For nitrogen concentration was increased in all treatments with pathogen and the highest level in (T.harzianum) which was (5.114)%. Carbon concentration significantly decreased in all treatments with pathogen and (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) without pathogen recorded highest concentration in carbon which was (46.203)%. 5 - The result showed that all growth parameters either in the absence or presence of pathogenic fungus was significantly increased in all bioagent treatments.The percentage of germination reach to (100)% in (B. subtilis) with or without pathogen , the treatment (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) with pathogen recorded highest level in shoot length it was (92.40)cm, And the same treatment recorded highest rate in fresh and dry weight for shoot part which was (7.412, 0.990) gm respectively, (T.harzianum) without pathogen recorded highest rate in leaf area it was (453.083)cm2, The highest rate of flower number was in (T.harzianum) with pathogen which was (15.66)flower/plant. The fresh and dry weight for root, root length, root surface area and the rate of root diameter were significantly increased in comparison with control treatment without pathogen. The treatment of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) without pathogen recorded highest level in fresh and dry weight for root which were (0.359, 0.094)gm respectively. Highest root length in (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) without pathogen it was (48.14)cm, root surface area decreased in the treatments with pathogen and the treatment (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) without pathogen recorded highest root surface area it was (19.16)cm 2, The root diameter was increased in(G. mosseae) with pathogen was reach to (0.363)mm.B - Field experiment 1 - Under field condition the percentage of germination increased in the treatment without pathogen which were (94.44)% in treatments (G. mosseae) , (B. subtilis) and (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) respectively, In the treatments with pathogen the percentage of germination reduced and The bioeagent factors showed no reduction in percentage of disease infection or disease index with pathogenic fungi R. solani under field condition which reach to (100)%. 2 - The rate number of spores, percentage of mycorrhiza infection, index of mycorrhiza infection, mycorrhizal root weight and Mycorrhizal dependency on cucumber plant significantly increased when mycorrhizal fungus G. mosseae interaction with T. harzianum or B. subtilis. (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) significantly overtaken on other treatments in increased rate of mycorrhizal spors it was (3950)spore, The mycorrhiza infection reach to (100)% in all treatments, For index of mycorrhiza infection the treatments of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) and (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) recorded highest rate which reach to (100)%, (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment recorded high increased in mycorrhizal root weight and Mycorrhizal dependency which were (545.67 gm, 67.78%) respectively. 3 - The plant content of total chlorophyll was significantly increased, The highest level in(G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment which was 5.19 mg/gm. There was significantly increased in the concentration of nutrition elements P, K, N, C in cucumber plant. The treatment (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) recorded highest concentration in phosphor and nitrogen which were (489.4, 3.62) % respectively, The treatment of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) recorded highest concentration of potassium which was (2.975)%. The highest concentration of carbon recorded in B. subtilis treatment which was (34.823) %. 4 - All shoot, root and yield parameters of cucumber were significantly increased under field conditions. The treatment (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) recorded significantly increased in plant height, dry shoot weight, leaf area rate number of flowers, rate number of fruit and fruit weight which were (42.87 cm, 10.85 gm, 631.06 cm2, 19, 17, 1275 gm) respectively. The treatment G. mosseae recorded significantly increased in fresh shoot weight which was (32.76) gm. The treatment with (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) recorded significantly increased in fresh and dry weight of root, root length, root surface area, rate of root diameter, rate number of fruit and fruit weight which were (11.4 gm, 5.5 gm, 151.71 cm, 44.05 cm2, 0.763 mm, 17, 1275 gm) respectively,
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: علي هاشم الموسوي هادي مهدي عبود
اسم المؤلف: رباب مجيد عبد الذهيبي

دراسة مقارنة لتاثير بعض المستخلصات النباتية وبعض الاحماض الكاربوكسيلية في البكتريا المسببة لالتهابات الحروق Comparative Study of The Effect of Some Plants Extract And Carboxylic Acids On Contaminating Bacteria In Burns Infection

المستخلص: جمعت (500) عينة من المرضى المصابين بالحروق من ثلاث مستشفيات في مدينة بغداد للمدة من 1/6/2007 ولغاية 1/11/2007. زرعت هذه المسحات على الاوساط الزرعية للعزل الاولى وتم تشخيصها بالفحوصات المظهرية والبايوكيميائية. اظهرت (489) عينة ملوثة بالبكتريا وبنسبة | • Five hundreds swabs were collected from patients suffered from burns in three hospitals of Baghdad city, for the period from 1st June 2006 to 1st November 2007. The swabs were implanted in order to be isolated and diagnosed by morphological and biochemical tests. • The results showed that 489 swabs were contaminated with bacteria (97.8%), while 11 swabs were not (2.2%). The identification and prevalence of the bacteria was as follow Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 148 swabs (30.27%), Klebsiella pneumoniae in 102 (20.26%), Staphylococcus aureus in 79 (16.16%), Escherichia coli in 70 (14.31%), Proteus mirabilis in 52 (10.63%) and Enterobacter cloacae in 38 (7.77%). • Information card for each patient was assigned included age, sex, time of suffering from burns, social status and address.• The degrees of suffering were as follow : - First degree of burns, 201 cases (40.2%). - Second degree, 187 cases (37.4%). - Third degree, 112 cases (22.4). Sensivity test to antibiotic and was done for all the isolated bacteria, and it was found, that, they were sensitive to Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin, Tetracyclin and Fusidic acid within the percentage ratio of 0.0, 59.1, 3.7, 58.5 and 11.6%, respectively. Also it was found that the investigated bacteria showed high Vesistance to Penicillin G (87.9%), Erythromycin (93.9%), Trimethoprim (100%), Carbencillin (83.9), Cefotaxime (63.4%), Ampicillin (75.9%), Gentamycin (67.9%), Streptomycin (83.6%), Nalidix acid (89.4%) and Linomycin (83.2%). o Searching for the active compounds in the extracts of investigated plants (Linum usitatissimum, Nigella sativa and Eruca sativa) was conducted. It was found, that, the seeds of the three plants contained Glycosides, Alkalis, Flavonoids, Soapiness and Resins, which are not water soluble, but could be detected by the alcoholic extraction. Cumarin was noticed in the seeds of N. sativa and E. sativa only. o Different concentrations of water and alcohol extracts were prepared in addition to the isolation of oils, soapiness and Flavonids. The effectiveness of the extracts was tested at the concentration of 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 mg/ml for all the plants, against the bacteria.o The Phenol, water and alcohol extracts of L. usitatissimum and E. sativa showed high effect against the bacterial species, while that of N. sativa was less affective.o The Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), was found to be different according to the type of extract and the species of bacteria.o The effects of the organic acids (Acetic, Citric, and Lactic) were tested at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 4% of each acid. An increase in the diameter of inhibition area, related with the increase in the acid concentrations, was detected. It was found that the acetic acid was more affective against the microorganisms, followed by the Citric acid and then the Lactic acid.o on the base of ratios of inhibition area diameters (in vitro), the results illustrated that E. coli was more affected by Acetic acid when the diameters reached 18.75, 21.75, 30.75, 38.25, 40.00 and 44.75 mm, respectively. The concentration of 1.5% was the effective enough against E. coli as diameters rates for P. mirabilis were 19.25, 18.25, 18.0, 22.56, 27.75 and 31.0 mm, respectively, followed by Ps. aeruginosa, S. aurues and En. cloacae when exposed to the optimum concentrations of Acetic, Citric, Lactic acids. The diameters at concentration of 4% were 23.50 and 23.66 mm. o The water extracts from all the involved plants, in addition to the organic acids showed good levels of effectiveness against the different studied bacterial species, when suffered by burns rats were exposed to them. A clear decrease in bacteria numbers in these rats in comparison with non - treated animals, in the swabs removed from the treated and non - treated rats, in addition to the absence of any histophathalogical changes in livers and skins of the treated animals. o Biochemical tests of serums from animals treated with the water extracts and organic acids at concentration of 16 mg/Kg and 18 mg/Kg for seven days and the microscope investigation, proved that these compounds were not toxic.o The effects of the water extracts and the organic acids were studied too from the point of the immunity point of view. An increase in the Levels of IgG and IgA of the supplementary systems C3 and C4 was noticed in the suffered from burns in general. The levels of IgG and IgA tended to be normal after the treatments with the water extract from the studied plants and with the organic acids.o The L D50 of N. sativa and E. sativa was 18 mg/kg while it was 16 mg/Kg of L. usitatissimum.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
السنة: 2009
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: مهدي ضمد القيسي جنان مجيد العقيدي
اسم المؤلف: سـعاد خليـل ابراهيـم

دراسة جزيئية عن جين المقاومة mecA في بكتريا العنقودية الذهبية المقاومة للمشيسلين والمعزولة من بعض مستشفيات بغداد Molecular Study For Detection of Meca Gene In Methicillin - Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Some Hospital In Baghdad City

المستخلص: Two hundred and thirty clinical specimens were collected from two different hospitals in Baghdad during the period (December 2012 to April 2013). These specimens were collected from visitors, hospitalized patients and the health care workers in these hospitals. The specimens included nasal swab, wound swab, burn swab, abscess and pus, sputum, ear swab, urine and blood culture diagnostic results show that 150 out of the (230) specimens gave positive bacterial cultures and (100) isolates are characterized as Staphylococcus aureus depending on the cultural and biochemical examinations.the coagulase test was performed and the results showed that from total 150 isolates of Staphylococci, 100 isolates (61%) were coagulase - positive (COPS), while only 50 isolates (39%) were coagulase negative (CONS). In addition, the distribution of methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus spp. was investigated.The use of the antibiotic susceptibility profile for these isolates was examined against methicillin resistance. Using disk diffusion method revealed that (13) isolates were proved to be methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), While (87) isolates of S. aureus showed sensitivity to methicillin (MSSA) and there was no intermediate resistance among these isolates.The ability of MRSA isolates to produce some virulence factors were investigated and the results showed that MRSA isolates produce many enzymes and toxins that contributed in their virulence such as protease, urease, dnase and gelatinase, and also produce a beta types of haemolysins.The ability to produce slime layer by MRSA isolates was also investigated and the results showed that all isolates of MRSA were produced slime layer when theytested by Congo red agar method and the results showed that all of MRSA isolates produced strong slime layer.One of the aims of this study was to adopted a accurate diagnostic method to detect S.aureus by its genetic material contents through extracting of DNA and gel electrophoresis of the PCR product for the specific gene.Detection of methicilline - resistance gene represented by A confirmatory test was carried out for the selected isolates using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for further characterization up to the species level by the amplification of (mecA) gene.This is Staphylococcus aureus specific gene that encodes the extra Penicillin Binding Protein, which is unique to methicillin - resistant staphylococci. All the (13) positive isolates by disk diffusion test are found to be positive for the presence of (mecA) gene as their agarose gel revealed the presence of DNA band of mecA gene with a molecular size about (200 bp.).Results of the detecting (femB) gene showed that it was positive in all of MRSA isolates as they appear to have a band with a molecular size of about (651 bp). The genetic determinants of methicillin resistance mecA and femB genes were amplified using multiplex PCR technique in order to identify methicillin resistant (mecA+) and susceptible (lacking mecA) staphylococci and to differentiate S. aureus (femB+) from coagulase negative staphylococci (lacking femB). All of the S. aureus isolates (100%) were found to harbor femA gene, it is species specific marker for S. aureus.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: محمد ابراهيم نادر
اسم المؤلف: لمى ياسين موسى

استجابة ثلاثة اصـناف من حنطة الخبز Triticum aestivum L. باضافة سماد NPKZn والرش بالجبرلين Response of Three Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) 3With Gasprying Fertilizer And NPKZn Cultivars To

المستخلص: A field study was conducted at the farm of Biological Dpartment, College of Education (Ibn Al - Haitham) University of Baghdad during the grown season 2013 - 2014, to study the effect of compound fertilizer NPKZn (15 : 15 : 15 : 1) - Turkish origin was introduced to Iraq recently - in both ) 3(GA acid Gibberellicvarious concentrations of with morphological and chemical indicators, the components of yield, some quality and biological characteristics of three varieties of the Iraqi wheat (Bohoth 22, Alfath, Bohoth158). Experiment was carried out according to the design of complete sectors of randomization [Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)].160) (0 of fertilizer, two levels used experiment Asthree replicates, with ) 015, 100, acid concentrations (25, 50 Gibberellicof fourand 1 - .hKg and three varieties of as well as to the treatment of comparison 1 - .lmg wheat. So the expriement was factorial on (2 x 5 x 3).It included 90 experimental units..The study of components of yield have gone on its : 1. There is difference in these three different varieties Bohoth 22, Alfath, and Bohoth 158 in the studied indicators.The class Bohoth 158 exceeds on the other categories in the following phenotypic indicators (dry weight of vegetative part, space of flag leaf and sustainability of biomass), with increase as like {(17.85, 11.37), (14.66, 7.33) and (17.02, 14.24)}%, respectively, while Bohoth 158 significantly exceeds on the other varieties absolute growth rate. And also the differences were significant between varieties in the following chemical indicators (phosphorus and calcium content and the percentage of protein in the grain) and in the components of yield there was significant increase in the (spike length with awn and without its, the number of spikes, weight of spike and its grains, weight of grains in spike and grains yield), while in the Bohoth 158 there was a significant increase in qualitative and rheological characteristics for the following qualities, (the proportion of wet and dry Glutine, flour absorption susceptibility of water, sedimentation values, ash content in coarse bran compared to others two classes. 2. The results of the study showed that the transactions under the influence of fertilizer has excelled significantly in all the study indicators (morphological and chemical components of yield, quality and rheological) with the exception of the dry weight of roots. acid was the best among Gibberellic 1 - .lmgof 100 concentration 3. The the concentrations giving him the highest average of indicators of morphological and physiological components of yield, quality and rheological. and spray 1 - 160 Kg.hbetween the manure level overlap 4. The result Gibberelllic acid showed 1 - mg.l 100 of concentration under the significant increase in all studied indicators except for the (dry weight of roots, the sustainability of biomass, and 1000 - grain weight) 5.The trio overlap transactions showed exceeding of Bohoth 158 nder the influence u 1 - .hKg160 in level fertilizer of add ithw significantly 22 Bohothcategories : other acid onGibberellic of 1 - .lmgof spraying 100 and Alfath in the following indicators : Dry weightof the flag leaf, spike length with awn, number of spikes, grains yield, the percentage of dry Glutine and the values of sedimentation.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عباس جاسم حسين الساعدي
اسم المؤلف: عبد الجبار جاسم جريان

دراسة بيئية للدايتومات الملتصقة على بعض النباتات المائية في هور العودة ضمن محافظة ميسان جنوب العراق A Study On The Ecology of Epiphytic Diatom On Some Aquatic Plants In Al - Auda Marshes / Maysan Province / Southern Iraq

المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الفصلية على الدايتومات الملتصقة على النباتات المائية لثلاث مواقع في هور العودة ضمن محافظة ميسان جنوب العراق (من شهر تشرين الاول 2013 لغاية شهر تموز 2014) نظرا لاهمية الدايتومات في الانظمة البيئية المائية والاهمية البيئية لاهوار العراق على مس | Seasonal study on the quality and quantity of epiphytic Diatoms was conducted in the Al - Auda marsh within Maysan Province throughout one year from October 2013 to July 2014.These Diatoms have an important role in biotic ecosystems. Three taxa of aquatic plants were selected (Phragmites australis Trin ex stand, Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Typha domengensis Pers) in three sites within Al - Auda Marsh; these sites were Al - Adleh, Al - Auda and Um - Almashahef. Also, the study included measuring physical and chemical factors of all the study sites, such as : temperature (air and water), power of hydrogen (pH), total hardness(TH), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), turbidity (Tur.), light penetration(LP), depth of water (D), total dissolved suspend material (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total alkalinity (TA), dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) and reactive Silicate (SiO3). The mean ranges of the studied factors were recorded : air temperature (10 - 38 C°), water temperature (13 - 34 C°), pH (7.1 - 8.6), TH (672 - 3800mg/l), Ca (97.8 - 264.5 mg/l), Mg (125.1 - 896.13mg/l), Tur.(7.62 - 30.7NTU), LP(46 - 113cm), D (190 - 413cm), TDS (1170 - 3075 mg/l), TSS (0.02 - 0.08 mg/l). while TA (207.5 - 300mg/l), DO (6.4 - 13.5 mg/l), TN (2.41 - 8.58µg/l), TP (0.013 - 0.23 µg/l) and SiO3(101 - 776.77 µg/l).Results of the study indicated presence of 111 taxa of epiphytic diatoms, which belonged to 13 families and 26 genus (one family and two genus of centric diatoms, 12 families and 26 genus of pennate diatoms).The present study recorded 21 species that were found only on one host plant, 20 species that were found on two host plants and 70 species that were found on all host plants, nine of diatoms taxa were present in all host plants among all study seasons which are Achnanthes minutissima, Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Synedra affinis, Syneda ulna , Gomphonem parvulum, Mastogloia smithii var. amphicephala, E. zebra var. porcellus, Rhopalodia gibba.One of the diatoms taxa was recorded in the present study is new to Iraqi flora, the new record of diatom include one taxa of Achnanthidiaceae family (Achnanthes exigua var. constricta). The results of this study included description of the basic characteristics of this taxa with complete photographic documentation.It was evident, from the results, that the morphological form of host plants influenced the number of the attached epiphytic diatoms. C. demersum had attracted 92 diatoms taxa(35%) while the lowest number was 82 taxa (31%) attached by Typha domengensis. The seasonal variation of diatoms growth was evident. Spring 2014 was characterized by the highest number of attached taxa (69 on P. australis - 11%) whereas the lowest number was observed on C. demersum (32 taxa - 5.4%) in autumn 2013.Numbers of epiphytic diatoms fluctuated among study sites, seasons and aquatic plants. The total number of epiphytic diatoms on P. australis ranged between 0.73×104 cell/gm wet weight in summer 2014 at Al - Auda and 406.89104 cell/gm wet weight in spring 2014 at Um - Almashahef. C. demersum recorded highest total number 513.9 ×104 cell/gm wet weight in winter2014 at Al - Adleh, while the lowest total number was 0.1×104 cell/gm of wet weight was recorded in the spring 2014 at Um - Almashahef. While total number of taxa on T. domengensis ranged (0.84 - 427.89) ×104 cell/gm wet weight in summer and winter 2014 at Um - Almashahef.Fluctuations in the total number of main epiphytic diatoms families were observed on all aquatic host plants throughout the study period. The higher total number(92.59×104 cell/gm of wet weight) of diatoms recorded in Achnanthidiaceae family in summer 2014 on P. australis and lower total number (0.28×104 cell/gm of wet weight) on same plant observed in Rhoicospheniaceae family in spring 2014. C. demersum showed highest total number (95.15 ×104 cell/gm of wet weight) in Fragilariaceae family in spring2014, while the lower total number (0.3×104 cell/gm of wet weight) was in family Rhoicospheniaceae in autumn 2013. Individual of Achnanthidiaceae family were recorded as highest total number (168.57×104 cell/gm of wet weight) on T. domengensis in Achnanthidiaceae family in the winter of 2014, but lower total number (0.28×104 cell/gm of wet weight) recorded in Coscinodiscaceae family in the same season. The study showed highest values for richness index (3.77) in the spring of 2014 for epiphytic diatom on C. demersum in Al - Auda site, while lower richness index recorded was (0.6) on T. domengensis in theautumn of 2013 at Um - Almashahef. Shannon - Weaver index ranged (0.24 - 2.45) for epiphytic diatom on P. australis during winter of 2014 at Um - Almashahef and autamn 2013 at Al - Auda, respectively. Highest values for Evenness index were recorded (0.28) for epiphytic diatom on C. demersum in the spring of 2014 at Um - Almashahef site, while for the same site lower values recorded was (0.03) on T. domengensis in winter 2014. Higher percentage for Jaccard similarity index (63.2%) obtained between epiphytic diatoms hosted on T. domengensis and lower percentage of similarity (28.9%) found among the common taxa of epiphytic diatoms on C. demersum, and highest percentage for Jaccard similarity index between host plants was (70%) between P. australis and C. demersum while lower percentage of similarity(67%) was obtained between T. domengensis and C. demersum.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: جنان شاوي الحساني
اسم المؤلف: الاء عيسى موسى البوعجي

دور الكاينيتين والسماد المركب (NPKZn) في تحمل نبات الفلفل Capsicum annuum L.)) للاجهاد الملحي Role of The Kinetin And NPKZn In Salt Stress Tolerance of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.)

المستخلص: اجريت تجربة اصص في الحديقة النباتية التابعة لقسم علوم الحياة، كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - ابن الهيثم، جامعة بغداد في الموسم الربيعي عام 2014 هدف الدراسة كان دراسة تاثير تركيزين من كلوريد الصوديوم هي 50) و100) مليمول.لتر - 1 فضلا عن معاملة السيطرة واربعة | The aim of the pots experiment which was conducted in the Botanical Garden of Biology Department in the Faculty of Education /Ibn - Al - Haytham / University of Baghdad, during the spring season of 2014 was the influence of different concentrations of Sodium chloride (50, 100) mM.L - 1 in addition to the control treatment and and Four concentrations of kinetin (25, 50, 75, 100) ppm in addition to the control treatment.It is also aiming to study the effect of application and non application the level 160 Kg.H - 1of NPKZn fertilizer, and their interactions in some morphological characteristics root length, root size, plant height, the internode length, stem diameter, Leaf area, dry weight for root and shoot and the absolute growth rate for shoot.and some physiological characteristics Elements content and protein ratio in root, Elements content, protein ratio, total chlorophyll content, carbohydrates percentage and cytokinine concentration in shoot. Biochemical characteristics (enzyme activity of the enzymes) (SOD, POD and CAT) and some antioxidants that nonenzymatic : (the proline and vitamin C concentration) in shoot. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in shoot, and some Floral morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of fruits (Number of branches, The total number of flowers, Number of blooming flowers, ratio of aborted Flowers, Number of knotted flowers, the number and size of fruits, their wet weight , nitrogen and calcium concentration, protein percentage and vitamin C concentration in fruits of pepper plant California weleander variety.The experiment was designed according to Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD)with three facters kinetin, manure addition and Sodium chloride,) consisting 90 pots. Seedling of pepper plant was planted on 4/2/2014 acompanied by making all agricultural operations of irrigation and the removal of the jungles. results were obtained can be summarized as follows : 1 - The results showed that increasing the concentration of sodium chloride from zero to 100 mM.L - 1 Led to a decline in morphological, physiological and floral characteristics, with and significant increases in the content average of sodium, chloride, The proportion of flowers aborted and biochemical characteristics. The rate quality effectiveness for enzyme SOD increased from 7.24 to 34.66, POD from 8.10 to 26.35 and CAT from 4.91to 39.57 (unite mg protein - 1) , and proline acid content from 23.05 to 40.30 (mg.L - 1) and vitamin C concentration from 2.67 to 3.68 % and Malondialdihyde (MDA) from 1.84 to 3.86 (µM.gm F.W. - 1)2 - As concerns kinetine treatment effect, the results showed a significant increase in the average of morphological, physiological and floral characteristics, and significant decreases in the average of sodium, chloride contents and biochemical characteristics, in the cased increasing in the concentration of kinetine from 0 to 100 ppm caused decreases in the average of quality effectiveness for enzyme SOD from 25.79 to 21.91, POD from 21.83 to 17.20 and CAT from 27.88 to 21.73 (unit mg protein - 1) , and proline acid content from 34.27 to 31.68 (mg.L - 1), Malondialdihyde (MDA) from 3.15 to 2.85 (µM.gm F.W. - 1) and vitamin C concentration from 3.42 to 3.23 %.3 - application the level 160 Kg.H - 1of NPKZn Manure caused a significant increases in all averages morphological, physiological and floral characteristics, and significant decreases in the average of sodium and chloride contents and biochemical characteristics, fertilizing with the level 160 Kg.H - 1of NPKZn fertilizer caused decreases in the average of quality effectiveness for enzyme SOD from 22.03 to 19.88, POD from 17.70 to 14.53 and CAT from 23.34 to 17.34 (unite mg protein - 1) , and proline acid content from 32.84 to 28.93 (mg.L - 1), Malondialdihyde (MDA) from 2.97 to 2. 75 (µM.gm F.W. - 1) and vitamin C concentration from 3.29 to 3.03 %.4 - Results of the bilateral interpenetration between the Fertilization by fertilizer NPKZn and Sodium chloride concentrations, showed that the fertilizations has a positive and effective influence in reducing the negative effects of sodium chloride in all characteristics studied. 5 - The results showed the positive role of kinetine in decreasing the negative effects of sodium chloride Through bilateral overlap between factors. Especially when the concentration of 75 ppm of kinetine and concentration 100 of sodium chloride In all morphological, physiological and biochemical floral characteristics of plant.6 - The results indicated that the Interference between the fertilizer NPKZn and kinetine has a positive and clear role to both factors increase morphological, physiological, floral characteristics and reduce biochemical characteristics.7 - The effect of the triple overlap between study factors was significant, The results showed That plants sprayed kinetine And fertilization led to a significant reduction of most of the negative effects resulting from the of high concentrations of Sodium chloride in all morphological, physiological and flowering traits. Especially in the concentrations 75 ppm kinetine and in the existence of fertilization.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عباس جاسم حسين الساعدي
اسم المؤلف: سعاد عبد سيد الجلالي

استخدام الزراعة النسيجية والفطر Glomusmossaes في الازالة الحيوية لعنصري الرصاص والكادميوم وتحمل الملوحة لنبات السيسبان Sesbaniarostrata L Application of Plant Tissue Culture And Glomusmossaes In Bioremediation of Lead, Cadimum And Salinity Using Sesbaniarostrata L. Plant

المستخلص: اجريت تجارب عدة لغرض دراسة تحمل نبات السيسبان Sesbania rostrata L. للكادميوم والرصاص وكلوريد الصوديوم على مستوى النبات الكامل ومزارعة النسيجية. استحث الكالس واديم على وسط موراشيج وسكوج 1962 والمجهز 0.3 ملغم/لتر من الكاينتين و2 ملغم/لتر من حامض 2, 4 داي مث | Several experiments were carried out to study cadmium, lead and sodium chloride tolerance at the tissue culture or whole plant levels of Sesbania rostrata. Callus was induced and maintained on Murashige and Skooge (1962) medium (MS) supplemented with 0.3 mg/l Kinetin and 2 mg/l 2, 4 - dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4 - D) using cotyledons as the source for callus induction. Different concentrations of cadmium, lead and sodium chloride directly or gradually were added to the culture medium as contaminants. Selected tolerant cell lines were subjected to regeneration. Callus showed better tolerance to gradual exposure than direct addition. The concentrations of Potassium, lead, Cadmium and Sodium recorded to 17, 24, 27, 35 ppm when 1.0, 2.0 mg/L and 0.4% of cadmium, lead and sodium chloride were added respectively. The study included the effect of the cytokinin (benzyl adenine, BA) and the auxin (Naphthalene acetic acid, NAA) on the regeneration of shoots from callus tolerant to pollutants reached 76, 87 and 85% for callus tolerant to Cadmium, Lead and sodium chloride respectively, when the combination of 0.7 mg/l BA and 0.2 mg /l NAA was supplemented to the medium. The effect of indole butyric acid (IBA) on rooting of shoots. The concentration 0.7 mg /l gave highest percentage of rooting amounted to 66, 70 and 85% in a medium supplemented with cadmium, lead and sodium chloride respectively. Acclimatization of plantlets using river sand soil recorded 85% survival. The study was also included effects on plant height and fresh weights, shoot fresh weight was superior at the concentration 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l of cd and pb recording 8.7 and 7.5 g respectively. Treatment with NaCl led to increase the root fresh weight recording 19.1 g. Maximum cd accumulation reached 12.5 ppm in shoots, 10.5 ppm for lead in roots, 39 ppm for NaCl in roots. The experimental work investigated the effect of mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae) on cd, pb and NaCl removal by Sesbania plant when grown in either soil contaminated with cd, pb and NaCl or non - contaminated soil (control). Inoculation with mycorrhiza led to an increase in seed germination percentage (96%), plant height (28 cm) in non - contaminated soil, while achieved an increase in shoot and root fresh weight recording 10.0 and 6.8 g respectively. Inoculation with mycorrhiza also led to a significant increase in cd and pb accumulation in roots reached 9.0 and 87.4 ppm respectively. Meanwhile, Mycorrhiza caused a significant increase in Na accumulation in root system (42.5 ppm) which already affected K concentration as a result of competition with Na recording 16.5 ppm in shoots. Mycorrhiza inoculation led to a significant increase in number of root nodes in non - contaminated soil recording 86%. Finally, mycorrhiza succeded in infecting Sesbania rostrata roots reached 90% in non - contaminated soil while it was 85% in contaminated soil
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: علي هاشم الموسوي كاظم محمد ابراهيم
اسم المؤلف: التفات فاضل شحاذة الطائي

دراسة وراثية جزيئية لبكتريا المكورات المعوية البرازية Enterococcus faecalis المعزولة من جذور الاسنان الملتهبة للانسان في بغداد Molecular Genetics Study of Enterococcus Faecalis Isolated From Root Canal Infection of Human In Bagdad

المستخلص: تم التحري عن نسبة وجود بكتريا المكورات المعوية البرازية Enterococcus faecalis في (100) عينة معزولة من اشخاص مصابين بالتهاب قناة جذر السن, اذ تم جمع (70) عينة من الاصابات الابتدائية لقناة الجذر، و(30) عينة من الاصابات الثانوية لقناة الجذر (اعادة العلاج) وم | To detection Enterococcus faecalis in (100) root canal sample were collected from primary and secondary root canal infection patient`s from all the ages (10 - 50) during the period of (August 2013) till (January 2014). Detection depending on cultural & microscobial characteristics of bacterial cell was done to find (45) 0f E. faecalis species & Biochemical tests & Serological diagnosis by Lancefield method done to find (24) isolates of this species & Diagnosis by Vitek2 was done to find (20) isolates of E. faecalis. When the Molecular genetics Diagnosis was done the result showed find (32) isolates belong to E. faecalis. The antibiotic sensitivity test was done by using (14) antibiotics, (5) isolates showed resistant against all antibiotics & the isolates showed multiresistant against for some antibiotics. All the isolates were resistant by (100 %) against (5) antibiotics. To detection of the isolates ability of production of protease enzyme, lipase enzyme, hemolysin enzyme & gelatinase enzyme.The results showed that (24 isolate) (75 %) were protease producer, & (8 isolates) (25 %) were lipase producer, & (16 isolate) (50 %) were hemolysin producer, & (5 isolates) (15.6 %) were gelatin producer. To detection the presence efa A gene of the isolates by used specific primer to this gene, and all isolates
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عذراء حميد حسون
اسم المؤلف: سوزان علي كاظم

دراسة تصنيفية مظهرية خارجية لبعض انواع عائلة الفراشات فرشاتية الاقدام من رتبة حرشفية الاجنحة (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae) في وسط وشمال العراق Morphological Taxonomic Study of Some Species of Brush Footed Butterflies (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae) In Mid And North of Iraq

المستخلص: The present study comprises taxonomic morphological study of seven species belonging to four genera of the subfamiliesNymphalinae, Danainae, Satyrinae belong to the family Nymphalidae of the order Lepidoptera.The following species were studied in the subject are : Famliy : Nymphalidae Swainson, 1827 - Subfamily : Nymphalinae Swainson, 1827Genus : Vanessa Fabricius, 1807Vanessa japonica Linnaeus, 1758Vanessa cardui Linnaeus, 1758Vanessa atalanta Linnaeus, 1758Genus : Junonia Hubner, 1819Junonia orythia Linnaeus, 1758 - Subfamily : Danainae Swainson, 1827Genus : Danaius Kluk, 1802Danaius chrysippusLinnaeus, 1758 - Subfamily : Satyrinae Boisduval, 1833Genus : Coenonmphyma Hubner, 1819Coenonmphyma pamphilus Linnaeus, 1758 Coenonmphyma spThe species Vanessa japonicaLinnaeus added as new record to the Iraq insect fauna of Lepidopteraand the species Coenonmphyma sp added as new expected species to the world.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الحشرات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عماد احمد محمود حسن سعيد الاسدي
اسم المؤلف: ايناس صادق عبد الكريم

العلاقة بين انتاج الانزيم المحلل للكولاجين وتكوين الغشاء الحياتي بوساطة بكتريا Pseudomonas aeruginosae The Relationship Between Collagenase Production And Biofilm Formation By Pseudomonas Aeuroginosa

المستخلص: A total of 359 samples divided as 228 clinical and 131 non clinical specimens were collected during 2012 from four hospitals in Baghdad city including : Al - Kadhymia Teaching hospital, Baghdad Teaching hospital, The Burn Specialist Hospital and Al - Imam Ali hospital, for isolation of P.aeruginosa to study the correlation between collagenase production and biofilm formation. Eighty two Pseudomonas isolates were screened for biofilm formation, 28 isolates were classified as strong biofilm formers, 25 as moderate and 27 as weak biofilm former. The 28 isolates were identifid by VITEk - 2 Compact system which confirmed that the isolates were P.aeruginosa. Collagenase production assay was used to screen 28 isolates that were strong biofilm formers inorder to detect the ability of these isolates to produce collagenase, the substrate of collagenase (collagen) was purified localy from bovin tendon and the results showed that just 8 isolates could grow in mineral salt media with collagen after 4 days of incubation. The factors affecting biofilm formation and collagenase production were studied to determine the optimual conditions for their production, those factors included : 1 - Nitrogen sources represented higher influence on collagenase production specialy (yeast extract) in media containing collagen than other media without collagen as a substrate. The specific activity differed between the 8 isolates, biofilm formation also became more pronounced with (yeast extract), while NH4Cl and NaNO3 depressed biofilm formation at the same conditions. The statistical analysis between the two parameters (biofilm and collagenase) according to different nitrogen sources demonstrated highly significance at p?0.01 with yeast extract and casein. 2 - pH, results showed that the best pH for production was 7 for both collagenase and biofilm.The statistical analysis for determination the relationshipe between the two parameters showed highly significance at p ?0.01 for different pH. 3 - The maximum production of the two parameters was at 35?C temperature which gave highly significance at p?0.01 with defferent temperature. 4 - Long incubation periods revealed increasing in collagenase production and biofilm formation which represented highly significance detween them when incubation periods were prolonged at p?0.01. Results of this study showed that collagenase production increases when bacteria switch from a planktonic to biofilm phenotype. This indicates that biofilms and collagenase are more virulent and have a greater ability to cause tissue destruction. The REP - PCR analysis using BOX - primer, showed a clusters genetic relatedness among the isolates. The isolates were grouped according to the REP - PCR in 9 different genotypes, named cluster 1 to 3 which included C1, C2, C3 with relatedness : 8 (80%), 8 (86%), 3 (80%) respectively. A19 and A20 both of them were not included in any cluster, they have 78% similarity.The REP - PCR analysis showed that the genotypic relatedness is consistently high between the 8 producer isolates and non producer isolates (13), showed similarity reached 86
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: شذى سلمان الطحان
اسم المؤلف: امال عزيز كريم السعدي

عزل وتشخيص الجين lipA المنتج من بكتريا الزائفة الزنجارية من مياه الصرف الصناعي Isolation And Identification of lipA Gene Producing Pseudomonas Aeruginosa From Industrial Wastewater

المستخلص: توضح هذه الدراسة عزل lipA gene من الزوائف الزنجارية من مياه الصرف الصناعية للزيوت النباتية وتشخيصها اعتمادا على تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل (PCR). استغرقت هذه الدراسة تسعة اشهر, من شهر شرين الاول 2014 لغاية حزيران 2015. تم جمع خمسين عينة من مياه الصرف الصناع | This study clarify the isolation and identification of lipA gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from industerial wastewater of vegetable oils factories depending on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The present study had taken nine monthes starting from October 2014, till the mid of June 2015. Fifty samples of industrial wastewater were collected from the factories of the general company of vegetable oils, fourty from AL Rasheed factory and ten from AL ameen factory, the samples collected from the physical, chemical and biological treatment units, and other different wastewater tanks departments. While the four sewage samples were collected from sewer service Baghdad /Alrustumaiya. For Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two types of tests were used in this study. The first type was the routine tests, which include selective cultures, bacteriological and biochemical tests. Thirty four of fifty samples (68%) gave a positive growth and results for tests that were used to confirm the presence of P. aeruginosa. In addition to diagnosis P. aeruginosa in sewage sample which prepare the biological treatment units in vegetable oils factories as active sludge, other bacterial types have been diagnosed by using traditional methods and API 20 E system. For detection of bacterial lipolytic activity, two methods were used for this purpose, the first was the screening of bacterial lipolytic activity which was based on values of clear zones diameter around bacterial colony. The best values were between (1.9 _ 2.7) cm. The second test was carried by the Gas - Chromatography - Flame ionization detector, fatty acids solutions that were produced from hydrolysis by lipase enzyme were extracted by Petrolium ether solvent then analyzed by gas chromatograph apparatus. The second type of test was the Molecular diagnosis by using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect lipA gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by two primers. Through two primers used, lipA 948 was the best and more specialized primer to isolation lipA gene of P. aeruginosa. It gave (100%) a positive result. While the second primer lipA 558, gave (66.66%) a positive result and that may be due to the design of this oligonucleotides was not specific for lipA of P.aeruginosa. This is so as was based on highly preserved region of 12 bacterial lipA - homologous genes for many genus and many species belong to Pseudomonas. DNA sequencing done for amplicon generated using lipA 948, this sequence aligned by using BLASTn software against NCBI database to validate the results and investigate the similarity degree with other corresponding strains.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: واثق عباس الدراغي
اسم المؤلف: انتصار طه لفتة

الاكثار الخضري لنبات Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. خارج الجسم الحي In Vitro Vegetative Propagation of Spilanthes Acmella (L.) Murr

المستخلص: وظفت تقانة زراعة الانسجة لاكثار نبات Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. كونه نباتا غير مستزرع في العراق ولاهميته الطبية والزراعية بوصفه نبات زينة فضلا عن استعمالاته الاخرى. عقمت البذور بمادة هايبوكلورات الصوديوم(NaOCl) وزرعت على وسط Murashige وSkoog (1962) (MS | The technique of plant tissue culture has been manipulated to In vitro micropropagation of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. It is an ornamental and medicinal plant not cultivated in Iraq. Seeds were sterilized by sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and cultuared on full strength Murashige and Skoog medium(1962) (MS). Nodal segments, apical shoots, and leaflets explants were taken from seedlings and cultured on (MS) medium enriched with different concentrations of Indol acetic acid (IAA), Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) Benzyl adenine (BA), and 6 - furfurylaminopurine (Kin.). The study include the effect of node orientation vertically and horizontally on induction of shoots formation. The effect of the interaction between IAA and BA, IAA and Kin. on shoot multiplication was investigated. Rooting was also studied after inclusion of IBA and IAA to full and half - strength (MS) medium. At acclimatization stage, different ratios of river sand and peat moss as agricultural media were tested and plantlets survival was recorded. DNA isolation was carried out from fresh and dry plantlet leaves as well as from seeds and Agarose Gel Electrophoresis (AGE) was done. Results showed that 1.5% sodium hypochlorite for 15 min was very effective for disinfecting and survival. The nodes cultured vertically exhibited relatively highest response as compared with apical shoots and leaflets culture. Supplying the culture medium with 1 mg/L. BA was effective for lateral shoot induction. The mean number of shoots obtained from nodes were 7.43 with a mean length 0.9 cm. Adding IAA at 0.1 and Kin. at 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mg/L. to the growth medium was effective for multiplication. Mean number of the developed shoots were 12.00, 14.20, 13.60 shoots/ explants with a mean length of 3.40, 2.60, 1.40 cm, respectively. Adding 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/L IBA to the half strength MS medium was very effective in root formation which produced 45.0, 42.5, 40.0 roots, respectively, with mean length of 3.25, 3.80, 3.80 cm, respectively. Plantlets were acclimatized successfully achieving 100% survival after four weeks when transferred to agricultural medium consisted of river sand and peat moss at 1 : 1 v/v ratio. This study showed the ability of in vitro micropropagation of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. DNA isolation from drying leaves was butter than fresh leaves with the precense of liquid nitrogen.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
السنة: 2013
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: بشرى محمد جابر علوش
اسم المؤلف: انسام زهير جاسم الحسني

تاثير الكلوتاثيون وبيروكسيد الهيدروجين وتداخلهما في بعض الصفات النوعية والكمية لنبات الماش Vigna radiat Effect of Glutathione And Hydrogen Peroxide And Their Interactions On Some of The Quantity And Quality Characteristic of (Mung Bean) Plant Vigna Radiata L.

المستخلص: Two field experiments were conducted during the spring and autum growth season of Vigna radiata L. in the year 2014 at botanical garden of Biology Department, Collage of Education for Pure Science (Ibn AL_Haithem) University of Baghdad.The experiments aimed to study the effect of glutathione and hydrogen peroxide, and their interactions on some of quantity and quality characteristic of plant Vigna radiate L.The treatment of glutathione (0, 25, 50, 75, 100) mg.L - 1 While the H2O2 (0, 5, 10, 15) ml mol. L - 1.The two experiment were designed as Randomized Complete Block Design as factorial experiment with two factors with three replication which included 60 experiment units the area of each one (1×1`) m. Results were analyzed Statistically and compared using average L.S.D at 0.05. The results of the experiments showed that glutathione revealed significantly increased all study parameter espically in 100 mg.L - 1 concentration, stem diameter by 54.56%, 28.04%, leaves number 69.34%, 53.14% for two seasons, fresh weight 44.20% for first season, the dry weight 37.43%, 91.46%, leaf area 61.61%, 151.23%.leaf area index 86.61%, 146.35%, biomass duration 60.48%, 101.06%, absolute growth rate (AGR) 32%, 92.68%, inflorescences number 56.55%, 39.90%, flower`s number 71.97%, 22.60%, root length19.82. %, 26.20%, root dry weight 76.10%, 79.25%, total function of SOD 69.32%, 40.52%, total Function of POD 29.45%, 82.25%, total Function of GPX 30.90 %, 63.62%, chlorophyll concentration of a 73.48%91.40%, chlorophyll concentration of b 35.42%, 17.67% for two seasons respectively. The total chlorophyll content 13.69%, for second season, Caroten concentration 207%, 309%, proline concentration 84.47%, 31.75%, (MDA) concentration 6.25%, 38.35%, glutathione. concentration 41.49%, 23.62 %, H2O2 concentration 52.16%, 33.24%, pods number 17.43%, 16.93%, 100 seeds weight 22.95 % 22.48%, , 93.62%, seeds yield 52.17%, 43.70%, the carbohydrate percentage 64.07%, 19.21 %, the protein percentage 22.32% for first season while the results of effect of soaking seeds with H2O2 specially with 15m ml.L - 1 concentration increased stem diameter 45.52%, 34.00%, leaves number 18.55%, 30.75%, Lateral branch 26.06%, 48.04% for Two seasons respectially, fresh weight 35.45% for first season, dry weight 40.89%, 43.85%, leaf area 53.24%, 64.53%, leaf area index 92.30%, 62.39%, biomass duration 35.35%, 57.53%, abosult growth rate34.78 %, 48%, in, inflorescences number 34.98%, 38.10% flowers number 2.987, 20.13%, root length19.44 %, 19.36%, root dry weight 99%, 96.52% total functhion of (SOD)100%, 2853%, total function of (POD) 176.57%, 40.58%, total function of (CAT)118.29%, 71.78%total functhion of (GPX)12.80%, 61.40%, Caroten concentration 54%for second season, prolineconcentration 40.93%for first season, (MDA) content 17.31% for second season, glutathione concentration, 13.68% 24.29%, H2O2 concentration 26.53%, 30.58%, number of pods 42.77%, 20.51%, seads number /pod 22.93%, 22.93%, 100 seeds Wieght 24.07%, 24.86%, seeds yield 16.69% for first season, the solubly carbohydraty percentage 43.26%for first season, the protein percentage 11.50%, 25.18 % for two seasons respicatlly, while chlorophyll a decreas concentration ed by 15m ml.L1 12.87%for second season, total chlorophyll concentration 39.66%, 26.22 for two season respicatlly. There were high significant interaction between glutathione and H2O2 in all study parameter characters in the two experiments.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: وفاق امجد القيسي
اسم المؤلف: ايمان حسين هادي الحياني

تاثير الجسيمات النانوية للنحاس على بعض اعضاء الجهاز التكاثري الذكري للفئران البيض Mus musculus Effect of Copper Nanoparticles On Some Organs of Male Reproductive System In Albino Mice Mus Musculus

المستخلص: This study was conducted on 20 male of Swiss albino mice, where the main target of this study was to identify the influence of copper nanoparticles (Cu - NPs) on some organs of the male reproductive system. Animals were orally administered with 0.1 ml of 100 mg/kg Cu - NPs for 7, 14, 21 days. Then the animals were dissected in the next day after the end of the dosing period and took from them testes and epididymis (head and tail) to study the parameters in which these particles have affected, and this parameter as follows : 1 - Changes in the weights of each of the animals bodies, testes, tunica albuginea, and epididymis (heads and tails). 2 - Changes in sperm characteristics in testes and epididymis (head and tail), which included : the percentage of live sperms, abnormal sperms and sperm concentration. 3 - Changes in the percentages of the spermatogenic cells, which included : a - Spermatogonia. b - Primary & Secondary Spermatocytes. c - Spermatids. d - Sperms. 4 - Changes in numbers of leydig cells and nuclei diameters. 5 - Changes in diameters of seminiferous tubules and their lining wall thickness. 6 - Changes in thickness and height of epithelial cells in both the head and tail of the epididymis. 7 - Histopathological changes in testes and epididymis (head and tail). Phenotype description of testes from mice treated with copper nanoparticles for a period of 21 days occurrence of congestion and a few amount of fatty material around the testes. The results also revealed a decline in the average body weights on the period of 7 and 21 days of treatment when compared with the weight of the same animals before treatment and the decline was significantly at (P<0.05). Whereas the testes and tunica albuginea weights recorded a significant decrease in their average weights (P<0.05) when compared with control groups. As well as the epididymis weights where showed significantly decrease (P<0.05) in the average of the epididymides heads weights for all three periods of treatment, while a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the average weight of the epididymis tail appear for two periods 7 and 21 days compared with control groups. The study also reported a decrease in the percentage of live sperm and the average sperm concentration and an increase in the percentage of sperm abnormalities extended to all periods of treatment compared with control groups and this change was significant at the level of (P<0.05). The number of leydig cells and nuclei diameters, the results show a decrease in their averages and all the extended treatment period when compared with control groups, and this decrease was significantly at (P<0.05). Treatment with particles of copper nanoparticle indicated a decrease in the percentage of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and sperms in all periods of treatment compared with control groups and this decrease was significantly at the level of (P<0.05). While the results of the study revealed a significant increase at the level of (P<0.05) in the percentage of secondary spermatocytes and spermatids compared with the control animals. The study also showed a significant decrease at the level of (P<0.05) in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules of testes and the wall thickness of the seminiferous tubules for all periods of treatment compared with control groups. As well as a reduction in wall thickness and height of the epithelium in epididymis (head and tail) for all periods of treatment compared with control animals and this decline was significantly at (P<0.05). The current study also recorded a textile damage in the testes and epididymis (head and tail), which summarized the crash of some seminiferous tubules, degeneration of lining cells in tubule, the appearance of vacuole between cells and lifting epithelium from the basement membrane. On this basis, this study has shown for the first time that particles of copper nanoparticles have a negative impact on the effectiveness and activity of the male reproductive system in albino mice.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الفسلجة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: محمد ناجي طه
اسم المؤلف: ايمن راضي حبيب

دراسة تشريحية مقارنة للاجزاء الخضرية وبعض الاجزاء التكاثرية لمراتب من العائلة القرعية Cucurbitaceae في العراق Comparative Anatomical Study of Vegetative And Some Reproductive Parts For Taxa of The Family Cucurbitaceae In Iraq

المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة الحالية دراسة تشريحية مقارنة لتسعة مراتب من العائلة القرعية Cucurbitaceae المستزرعة والبرية والتي زرعت في الحديقة النباتية لكلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة ابن الهيثم والمراتب هي : 1 - Citrullus colocynthis Schrad2 - Citrullus vulgaris Schrad3 | The present study included comparative anatomical study for nine taxa of Cucurbitaceae family for cultivated and wild types, which were planted in the garden of College of Education for Pure Sciences/ Ibn Al - Haitham. These taxa included : Citrullus colocynthis Schrad, Citrullus vulgaris Schrad, Cucumis melo Linnaeus, Cucumis melo var.flexuosus Naudin, Cucumis sativus Linnaeus, Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, Cucurbita pepo Linnaeus, Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl, Luffa cylindrica (Linnaeus) M. Roem. This study focused on some the anatomical characterization as compared study for the first time to these taxa in Iraq. This study included the features of ordinary epidermal cells, leaves petioles, stems, pedicles and sepals of the studied taxa. The results found the appearance of stomata in the stems and petioles in straight line as adjacent planar shape to the epidermal cells and not scattered as found in the leaves, this result was seen for the first time in the current taxa. Furthermore, the stomata have been shown in pedicel and sepals in same type as the stomatal complexes in leaves. The importance of phenotypic variation for the length and types of eglandular trichomes and the presence or not of glandular trichomes were found to carry out the role of indumentum in the different isolated taxa. Additionally, this study included the examination of the cross sections of the roots and also exposed the constituent tissues of it, the variation in the thickness of epidermis, cortex, vascular cambium as well as the arrangement of phloem cells have an important role in the studied taxa. The cross sections of stems, leaves petioles and pedicles showed shape and studied a significant role in the studied taxa and split them into groups.Moreover, this study concluded that the following of above sections from the outside into the inside has an important role to find out their constituent tissue. Thus the results of the study clarified the importance of epidermis tissue through the explanation of the outer and inner tangential walls of their cells and the variation in their dimensions, thickness and kind of stomatal complexes; therefore it has been given the importance of those features in the studied taxa in this study. Cortex tissue showed an extension of angular collenchyma and chloronechyma from stem to pedicel and have shown variation in the thickness in these two layers which was useful in the classification of studied taxa. Vascular tissues differed in the shape of vascular bundle, the number of rows and xylem units and the arrangement of the internal phloem, and all of those characteristics have helped in the studied taxa. In addition, the vascular tissues helped to find their arranged in the stems and found as vascular cylinder shape, while in the petioles and pedicel shown as vascular ribbons were which took the shape of sections petioles and pedicel. The medullar cells and medullary rays have been studied and also their similarity in the morphological characterization and function. Moreover, the anatomical features of the vertical sections of the laminae of leaves in mesophyll tissue have been examined, in the thickness of palaside and spongy layers in midrib, the variation in number and arrangement of vascular bundles have an important role in the studied taxa. In the current study, the ordinary and petal leaves venation and the type of venation have been studied in the studied taxa. Moreover the vertical sections for sepals were examined and also their similarity with laminae of leaves which was useful for studying the constituent tissues of some parts such as pedicel and sepals and anatomical features; and all of the studied characterization helped to study the vegetative parts through following them in studied taxa.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - التشريح
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عذية ناهي سلمان المشهداني
اسم المؤلف: باسمة محمد رضا كاظم العبيدي

مستوى هرمون الليبتين في مصل النساء المصابات بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض قبل وبعد العلاج بالميتفورمين Serum Leptin Level In Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Before And After Treatment With Metformin

المستخلص: Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrinopathy in women, affecting 5 - 10% of women of reproductive age.The principal features of PCOS are anovulation, resulting in irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, ovulation - related infertility, and polycystic ovaries; excessive amounts or effects of androgenic hormones. Leptin, a key hormone in energy homeostasis and neuroendocrine function, has a permissive role in the pathogenesis of reproductive dysfunction. Aim of the study To assess the role of serum leptin in women with PCOS and to evaluate leptin levels in PCOS women before and after treatment with metformin. Materials and Methods This prospective experimental study included 60 women of reproductive age (18 - 38years) were allocated to four groups : 15 obese women with PCOS (BMI >30 kg/m2), 15obese controls, 15 non - obese women with PCOS (BMI 18 - 30 kg/m2), and 15 non - obese controls. Serum leptin and insulin levels were measured and compared between case and control subjects also comparison done before and after treatment with metformin. Results There was a significant increase in leptin in non - obese PCOS group (8.2±2.73) compared to non - obese control (5.64±1.43), (P value=0.0032), insulin level was significantly higher in PCOS group (15.87±6.65) than control (5.47±1.68), (P value<0.001). There was significant decrease in BMI, leptin and insulin levels after 12 weeks of metformin treatment in obese and non - obese PCOS subjects. Conclusions Leptin level increased remarkably with increasing body weight. It is higher in non - obese PCOS women in comparison with non - obese healthy women. Treatment with metformin for 12 weeks resulted in significant reduction in leptin levels in both obese and non - obese PCOS subjects.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2012
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: وليد حميد يوسف سندال النصيري
اسم المؤلف: بتول حسين كاظم

التحري عن الاميبا الحالة للنسج/ الاميبا المتغايرة Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar في عينات البراز للمرضى با ستعمال تقنية PCR Detection of Entamoeba Histolytic /Entamoeba Dispar In Stool Specimens By Using PCR Technique

المستخلص: تسلط الدراسة الحالية الضوء على تشخيص وتحديد نسبة الاصابة بطفيلي الاميبا المرضية المتمثلة بالاميبا الحالة للنسج Entamoeba histolytica وتمييزها عن الاميبا غير المرضية المتمثلة بالاميبا المتغايرة Entamoeba dispar اللتين تتمايزان بشكلهما المتماثل في كلا الطور | This study sheds light on the determination and diagnose of the percentage of infection of like Entamoeba histolytica and differentiate it from the non pathogenic Entamoeba dispar that were morphologically identical in both cysts and trophozoite phase in two different groups : the first group includes 50 stool samples of patients suffering from diarrhea and abdominal pain (symptomatic group) while the second group includes 95 stool samples of patients not suffering from diarrhea and abdominal pain (Asymptomatic group).In addition to that, 20 stool samples were collected from healthy individuals as a control these samples were collected patients of AL - Zafaranyia General Hospital and AL - Alwyia Childhood Teaching Hospital in Baghdad from July, 2011 to May, 2012.These samples belong to different ages (1 year - < 50 years) of different sexes (males and females). Entamoeba samples were diagnosed by using two methods : the first one is the wet mount as a General Stool Examination(GSE) after macroscopic examination for sample and classifying them according to their consistency (solid, semisolid and liquid) and color (brown and yellow) and presence of blood and mucous in addition to diagnosing them microscopically to detect the presence of pus cells and both phases trophozoite and cyst for Entamoeba histolytica.While the second method that was depended in diagnosis is duplex polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) by using two pairs of genes for detection of their amplification in DNA sample isolated from stool. The first pair is cystein proteinase which represents one of virulent factors in Entamoeba histolytica parasite as a tissue invader. The second pair encodes the surface antigen present on the surfaces of both parasites E. histolytica and E. dispar. It is represented by Actin gene (Act). The results of the wet mount showed that in percentage of infection of both species (E.histolytica/E.dispar) the (54%) of patient symptom and (34.37%) patient a symptom.While results of the specificity and sensitivity showed that in positive sample wet mount negative PCR while negative sample wet mount showed that positive PCR and higher percentage of infection the Entamoeba dispar. While the results of the dPCR showed that in spite of the presence of both species Entamoeba pathogenic (Entamoeba histolytica) and non pathogenic Entamoeba (Entamoeba dispar) , the percentage of infection of Entamoeba histolytica was lower than that of Entamoeba dispar. This was clear by the detection of amplification the Reaction producets (dPCR) by using both genes : Actin &Ehcp5 where only 8 samples were detected and they were found to be positive amplification Ehcp5 and 31 samples were positive amplification in both groups of patients (symptomatic and a symptomatic). The percentage of infection in females was higher than that in males for all ages when using both tests (wet mount & PCR). More over the patients with less than (10) years old had higher percentage of infection in both sexes.In conclusion, it should not be depended on direct wet mount technique for the identification of infected parasite Entamoeba histolytica and differentiating it from Entamoeba dispar because of their high homology. That the molecular examination is the only method that is able to determine the kind of infection with parasite Entamoeba
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
السنة: 2013
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: اخلاص مشرف عيدان
اسم المؤلف: بثينة عبد الحمزة حسون الزبيدي

مقارنة نسب الحمل للنساء اللواتي يعانين من توقف الطمث لاسباب ثانويه بعد استعمال ادوية المنشطه للحويصلات المبيضيه باستخدام التمنيه داخل الرحم والطريقه الطبيعيه للحمل Comparison of Pregnancy Rate Between Intrauterine Insemination And Spontaneous Pregnancy After Ovulation Induction In Women With Secondary Amenorrhea

المستخلص: انقطاع الطمث لاسباب ثانوية هو انعدام الدوره الشهريه لمدة ثلاثة الى ستة اشهر للنساء اللواتي لهن دوره شهريه منتظمة.واستنادا لمنظمة الصحة العالمية ان انقطاع الطمث يتضمن مجموعة (WHOI) و(WHOII) والتي تكون (30%) من حالات العقم.وتعاني اكثر النساء ممن يكونون من م | Secondary amenorrhea refers to the lack of cycle for three months in a row or for more than six months in a woman who has had regular menstrual periods before, and its associated with conditions classified as World Health Organization (WHO) group 1 and WHO group 2 and has been estimated to represent almost (30%) of all causes of infertility. In clinical practice, WHO group 2 subjects present much more frequently than WHO group 1 subjects and they appear to be much harder to treat successfully. Among women classified as WHO group 2, those diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) constitute the largest group (60 - 85% of cases). These women account for most cases with oligomenorrhea (90%) and represent about (30%) of those with amenorrhea.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to find out the pregnancy rate following intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women complaining of secondary amenorrhea after induction of ovulation and compare it with those achieve pregnancy by natural way.Material and MethodsSeventy five females with secondary amenorrhea were involved in this study, there ages were ranged between (?30, 30 - 39, ?40) years old with infertility duration ranged between (?2, 3 - 4, 5 - 6, 7 - 8, ?9) years. History and medical examination were done for all women, with tubal patency assessment by HSG or laparoscopy.By cycle day two, hormonal assay (S.FSH, S.LH, S.E2, S.Prolactin and S.Testosterone) were done for all females in addition to ultrasonography to exclude any ovarian pathology.Ovulation induction program was applied for all females which include either clomiphene citrate (CC) alone, recombinant Follicular Stimulating Hormone (r - FSH) alone or combined CC and r - FSH. Vaginal ultrasonography was done for all females on day 12 or13 to assess ovarian response (size and number of mature follicles) and endometrial thickness. Meantime all male partners undergo seminal analysis to assess sperm parameters (sperm concentration, sperm motility and morphology).Thirty eight of females participated for natural pregnancy and thirty seven of females participate for IUI. Washing swim up technique was used for sperm activation for all male partner involved in IUI group.Follow up of all these females for pregnancy test to assess the pregnancy rate for both groups (natural and IUI).ResultsThe pregnancy rate achieved by natural way for a women with secondary amenorrhea is (23.7%), and (18.92%) by IUI way.In this study, it was found that female age, infertility duration, hormonal balance and ovulation induction program affect the pregnancy outcome where the young age group and short infertility duration correlate positively with pregnancy rate. Furthermore, early diagnosis of underlying causes of secondary amenorrhea to achieve hormonal balance by suitable ovulation induction program, have an effect on pregnancy rate, were combined CC and r - FSH produce a significant result among females achieve pregnancy by natural way (13.5%) compared with other ways. While ovulation induction by r - FSH drugs produce a significant results (13.5%) among females achieve pregnancy by IUI way.ConclusionFrom results of this study, it was concluded that young female age, short infertility duration, early diagnosis of underlying causes of secondary amenorrhea and the use of r - FSH drugs for ovulation induction produce a high significant pregnancy rate using IUI program.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: محمد باقر محمد رشاد فخر الدين
اسم المؤلف: سوسن كاظم عبد الامير

انتاج انزيم السيليلز من عزلة محلية لبكتريا B167 Streptomyces sp. واستخدامه في انتاج الوقود الحيوي Cellulase Production From Local Isolate of Streptomyces Sp.B167 And Its Application In Biofuel Production

المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى انتاج انزيم السليليز من بكتريا الستربتومايسس ودراسة تاثير بعض الظروف الزرعية على انتاج الانزيم; انتاج الوقود الحيوي من المخلفات السليلوزية من خلال التحلل المائي للمخلفات بالاحماض والانزيمات المايكروبية. تم غربلة 74 عزلة لبكتريا St | The current study was aimed to produce biofuel from cellulosic waste material degraded by local isolate Streptomyces. Seventy four isolates of Streptomyces were screened for cellulase production in solid and liquid media. The results showed higher capability of isolate Streptomyces sp. B 167 for cellulase production and bioconversion of cellulose. Therefore, it was selected for further studies. The results of optimization revealed that the cellulase enzyme productivity by the isolate Streptomyces sp. B 167 reached to 2.1 and 2.28 U/ml after 48 h of incubation time and pH 7 respectively. Cellulase productions in tested isolate improved (2.57 U/ml) by supplementation of cellulose liquid medium with 1 % of yeast extract as nitrogen source. Additives of carbon sources like (manitol, glucose, maltose, sucrose and starch) to the process of saccharification did not improve the cellulase productivity. The bioconversion of cellulosic waste to reducing sugar was maximum with Banana peels (77.78 %) followed by the rice husk (75.56 %), orange peels (71.11 %), corn steep peels (60.0 %) and lowest bioconversions (53.33 %) were recorded with sawdust. The degradation of cellulosic waste increased with increasing substrate concentration. Maximum cellulase productivity (3.18 U/ml) and bioconversion (86.1 %) was obtained at 3 % (w/v) of cellulosic waste (Banana peels). Saccharification of cellulosic waste with different treatment methods was studied. The pretreatment of cellulosic waste with 1 % HCl and H2SO4 produces 21 and 15.8 g of reducing sugar / 100 g of cellulosic waste. In comparison, hydrolysis with Streptomyces sp. B 167 enzymes resulted a significantly higher amount of reducing sugar yield (25 g / 100 g cellulosic waste). Further fermentation of cellulosic hydrolysates was performed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae using stationary fermentation condition. Maximum yield of ethanol were (0.30, 0.19 and 0.10 g ethanol / g glucose) observed with Streptomyces sp. B 167 enzymes, HCl and H2SO4 hydrolysates respectively after 48 h of fermentation
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: ناظم حسن حيدر
اسم المؤلف: بنان محمود سليمان

التحري عن عدد من المعادن الثقيلة والتلوث البكتيري في بعض الخضروات المعلبة والطازجة المستوردة في مدينة بغداد Determination of Several Heavy Metals And Bacterial Contamination In Some Imported Canned And Fresh Vegetables In Baghdad

المستخلص: تم اخذ ستة وثلاثين عينة من الخضروات المعلبة وخمس عينات من الخضروات الطازجة, وتجميعها من مناطق واسواق مختلفة من مدينة بغداد بشكل عشوائي خلال الفترة من شهر تشرين الاول 2013 الى شهر نيسان, 2014 حيث تضمنت الدراسة التحري عن تراكير بعض العناصر الثقيلة وهي (الرص | In this study, thirty six samples of canned vegetables and five samples of fresh vegetables were collected randomly from different markets of Baghdad city from October 2013 till April 2014. The study included determining of the concentration of some heavy metals (lead, nickel, zinc and iron) by atomic absorption spectrophotometery and the bacterial contamination in samples, also comparing the canned vegetables with fresh vegetables. It was found that the higher concentrations of heavy metals in canned vegetables as the following : lead 1.179 µg/g in olive, nickel 0.908 µg/g in olive, zinc 10.143 µg/g green pea and iron 90.601µg/g in white asparagus. The lowest concentrations were as the following : lead 0.002 µg/g in green asparagus, nickel 0.019 µg/g in mushroom, zinc 0.528 µg/g in white asparagus and iron 4.061 µg/g in green pea. In fresh vegetables, it was found that the highest concentrations of heavy metals were as follows : lead 0.919 µg/g in green pea, nickel 1.108 µg/g in green pea, zinc 4.304 µg/g in mushroom and iron 43.618 µg/g in tomato. The lowest concentrations were as the following : lead recorded 0.011 µg/g in tomato, nickel recorded 0.022 µg/g in tomato, zinc 0.876 µg/g in green pea and iron recorded 11.081 µg/g in green pea. The identification of the bacteria done by some identification tests for gram negative bacteria, the testes include growth on MacConkey agar, growth on EMB agar, IMViC testes and motility test. The identification tests for Gram positive bacteria included growth on manitol salt agar, growth on staph 110 agar and motility test. The bacterial tests ensured that there is no bacterial growth was detected in the canned vegetables, except some samples (white asparagus, green asparagus and mushroom) of December 2013, while it was detected in fresh vegetables. The bacterial species that isolated in these samples were E.coli, Klebsiela pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: ايثار كامل الميالي
اسم المؤلف: حسين خالد نعمان