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فعالية استراتيجيتي التعلم التوليدي ودورة التعلم الخماسية في التحصيل والاحتفاظ بالمفاهيم النحوية لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية == Effectiveness Of Strategy Of Generative Learning And Quintet Learning Course In Achievement And Retention With Grammatical Concepts With Students Of Secondary Stage

اسم المؤلف: ثامر نجم عبود الشمري
اسم المشرف: عبد السجاد عبد عبد السادة البدران
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اتسمت اللغة العربية بسمة التعبير، وكثرة المفردات، وتنوع الدلالات واتساع طرائق التعبير، ولا توصف لغة بهذا الوصف، الا اذا كانت لغة عريقة اصابت حظا كبيرا من التقدم والنضج. (العزاوي، 2004، ص40) واللغة العربية هي لغة القران الكريم وهي لغة العروبة، واعظم مق | The Arabic language is characterized with expression feature, frequent vocabularies, diversity of connotations and expand of expression methods. There is no language is described in such way only if it was an ancient language, it has progress and maturity.(AL - Azawi,2004,p : 40) The Arabic language is AL - Quran language ,it is Arabism language and it is one of the greatest Arab Nationalism ingredients, it is language of a strong life ,Arabic language has got high status among other languages. Omar bin AL - Khatab said ((Stick to Arabic language ,it proves the mind and increase virility )).(AL - Mutaqi AL - Hindi,2005,p : 887) For Arabic language many branches including grammar, it is a term that called for each of the syntactic and morphology rules in secondary and intermediate schools, Arabic grammar is a tool to control the speech and the correction of pronunciation and writing, it is a tool to safeguard the tongue and pen of the error in the expression, in addition to it is a tool of understanding and resolve the ambiguity in the reception of meaning. The discrimination of mistake and avoided it in speech according to pronunciation and writing. Arabic grammar completes the meaning its destination, without grammar the listener ignores the meaning. Abn Khaldoon says about the importance of grammar ((principles of tongue science are four : language,grammar,statement and literature. The grammar is one of the most important of them.Grammar distinguishes the actor from accusative, subject pattern from predicate.Without grammar the most of usefulness is ignored (Ibn Khaldoon ,1978,p : 186) Although the great importance of grammatical rules, the weakness of collection in it and aversion of students from it is clear for anybody works in the field of learning, this is clear in the correction of examination sheets or listening into their continuous conversations and expressions, this is what the researcher himself has found it through his work as an instructor in college of Education and Basic Education college It is noted that the clear weakness in subject of grammatical rules not regards only our students in Iraq but it transcend to all Arab Homeland. Aisha Abd AL - Rahman confirms a painful realty with her speech ((the dangerous phenomenon for our linguistic crisis is whenever a student has progressed a step in a language learning increased ignorance and a version from it, maybe he progresses in an educational way into final course , so he graduates from university who can’t write a simple speech with language of his people , he can’t read a typical reading without grammatical mistakes (Abd AL - Rahman , 1969 , P : 191). We know the goal of teaching mainly is facility, guidance and stimulation of learning, then guarantee occurrence of learning , so it should be used the method that makes learners active and effective. The learners earns from the learning proses as much as it is making. It should be used a modern efficient and renewable methods in teaching because a good method lets to attainment of educational goal and achievement it with less time and little effort. It also excites and motivates learners to work and fruitfully participate in the lesson.( Ismaeel , 2005 , p. 57 ). Since the researcher is acquainted with learning theories and teaching methods , he adopted a direction towards modern teaching methods which say that teaching process happens in a social interaction way between the teacher and his students and it is an open and divers process which enables them to exchange experiences and feelings. The constructive theory has gained large salability and increasing interest in the cotemporary educational mind because it consternates on the positive and effective role of the student through the process of teaching by practicing a lot of educational activities. So it is a cognitive and educational theory or a making meaning theory which it shows an explanation and interpretation for nature of knowledge and how human being learns this knowledge. This theory confirms that individuals construct new concepts or their knowledge of the beforehand known interaction and think of thoughts, events and activities through their close contact with others. ( Akar , E, 2005 , P : 5 ). The constructive theory is a process of interaction among three elements in the educational process, previous experiences, educational situations presented to the learner and the environment in which the educational process takes place in order to construct and develop a new knowledge structures that characterized with inclusiveness and generalization compared to the previous and using these structures in treatment of a new environmental situations. ( Afanna and Abu Malouh, 2006 , p 6 ). There are many strategies and models that have been proposed to employ constructivist approach in teaching. And each of them has a great value in the learning and teaching process 0 These strategies and models generally confirm the active role for students through the learning 0 They work many activities and experiences among groups or teams ,also it emphasizes on ineffective intellectual participation through practice activities for example model of generative learning and model of quintet learning ( AL - Essa2006,p03). The researcher chose to employ some strategies of constructive theory 0They are strategy of generative learning and quintet learning course in teaching of Arabic grammar. The goal of Studying : The goal of studying is knowledge ((activity of Generative learning strategy and quintet learning course in collection and retention in Arabic grammar with students of secondary stage))Two hypothesis of studying : There is difference with statistically significant of (0,05) among rates of attainment variable degrees of students of first experimental group who study Arabic grammar according to generative educational strategy and collecting of second experimental group students who study Arabic grammar according to strategy of quintet learning course and collecting degrees of group students who study Arabic Grammar according to traditional method. Study Limits : The current study is determined as follows : 1 - Highy schools students (Morning Study only) in Al - Muthnna province center.2 - Generative learning strategy and quintet learning course strategy.3 - Arabic grammar text - book for fifth class, first edition,Study Measures : The researcher chose the experimental design with partial control and later test depending in his study on three groups one of them is an experimental group subject to the independent variable which is the generative learning strategy while the other group is an experimental also subject to the quintet learning course strategy, in addition to that, there is a controlling group which is studied by the ordinary way. By the end of the experiment, the researcher will apply final collection test and after two weeks the same test will be applied on the study groups in order to measure retention in getting Arabic grammar. The study groups represent literary fifth class students in high schools (morning study) for boys at Al - Muthnna province center for the annual year 2013/2014. The researcher chose the students of the fifth class because the fifth class is actually an introduction for the sixth class which is considered as the gate from which the student will transfer to the university stage where the student thinking is characterized at this stage as being abstract and the attention level is at its highest level. The researcher chose randomly Al - Sadr high school (morning study) for boys where he found that it contains four sections for the literary fifth class which are ( a - b - c - d ). The number of students of the fifth class was ( 197) , ( 51) in section (a) , (50) in section (b) , (49) in section (c) and ( 47) in section ( d). The researcher chose randomly (a,c) sections to be the experimental groups where section (a) is studied by generative learning strategy and (c) section is studied by quintet learning course strategy while (b) section is the controlling group which is studied by the ordinary way and in order to avoid the variables which might effect on the study results with regards to the individual differences among students , the researcher made the harmony on the sample of his study in ( previous information , time age , students degrees in grammar in mid - year examination , scientific levels for parents ). ) After assigning the scientific material from fifth class Arabic grammar text - book for the annual year2013/2014, the researcher worded60 behavioral goals for grammar subjects, then he prepared teaching plans for the study groups and showed samples to a group of experts in teaching methods where the experiment took a full school course.. The researcher assigned the teacher lesson to teach the three study groups after he showed how teaching will be according to each strategy. The researcher made a collective test to measure the students collection in Arabic grammar after completing the experiment. The test was made of (30) test items of the numerous choice kind. The researcher made sure that the test was true by showing it to a group of experts and judges and he made sure that it was solid by applying it on a sample of (44) fifth class students after he made sure they completed the current research subjects. To analyze the results, the researcher used statistical measures like (one - way anaova) , (Kay square) , (item difficulty coefficient equation), (item discrimination coefficient equation) and( development rate equation). The researcher applied the later test to measure collection variable on the three study groups and after discharging the marks and treating them statistically , it was proved that there are discriminations among the study groups in collection variable to the advantage of the experimental groups on the control group. We found also that the second experimental group which was studied by quintet learning course strategy, excelled on the first experimental group which was studied by generative learning strategy and after two weeks, the researcher applied the retention test and it was proved that the second experimental group which was studied by quintet learning course strategy was the most keeping information group comparing with the other two groups. According to the results the current study made, the researcher concluded the following : 1 - It is preferred to apply quintet learning course strategy in raising the scientific level in Arabic grammar comparing with generative learning strategy. 2 - It is preferred to apply quintet learning course strategy in raising the scientific level in Arabic grammar comparing with the ordinary method.3 - It is possible to apply quintet learning course strategy in teaching Arabic grammar on the literary fifth class students to raise level of learning and retention. The researcher gave certain suggestions with regards to this study : 1 - Making a similar study about applying quintet learning course strategy in teaching Arabic grammar on different teaching stages. 2 - Making a similar study about applying quintet learning course strategy and generative learning strategy in teaching other branches of Arabic like (literature and composition.) 3 - Preparing a manual for Arabic teacher at high school stage deals with the steps which should be done in teaching Arabic grammar according to quintet learning course strategy and to all the subjects of the text - book.
الملخص:
المصادر:

اثر استراتيجيتي (فكر، زاوج، شارك) والقراءة الفعالة (SQ3R) في اكتساب المفاهيم النحوية والاحتفاظ بها لدى طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة == The Effect Of The Strategy Of (Think ,Link ,Participate) And The Strategy Of The Effective Reading (SQ3R) In Acquiring The Syntactic Concept And Keeping Them/The Student Of The Intermediate Level

اسم المؤلف: مشرق محمد مجول
اسم المشرف: صلاح خليفة خدادة اللامي
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يهدف البحث الحالي الى معرفة اثر استراتيجيتي (فكر، زاوج، شارك) والقراءة الفعالة (SQ3R) في اكتساب المفاهيم النحوية والاحتفاظ بها لدى طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة، ولتحقيق ذلك صاغ الباحث مجموعة من الفرضيات الاحصائية ذات العلاقة بموضوع البحث.ولتحقيق ذلك اعتمد البا | This research aims at knowing the effect of the strategy (Think, link , Participate) and strategy of the effective reading SQ3R in acquiring the syntactic concept and keeping them / the student of the intermediate level.To achieve that , the researcher had used an experimental design lics in the field of the experimental designs of the partial control and attest to measure the acquisition of the Syntactic concepts according to the procedures of the acquisition of the concept and then do the test again in a reasonable duration to measure the retention of three group, two & them are experimental and one is control.The researcher chose AL - Hamzah intermediate school for boys situated in AL - Hussein quarter/ the western Hamzah in the governorate of Babylon.The Basic sample consisted of(100) student. (34) students in the first experimental group which is taught the Arabic language according to the strategy of (think, link , participate).(34) students in the second experimental group that is taught the same material according to the strategy of the effective reading(SQ3R).(32)Student in the control group that is taught the material according to the traditional method. The researcher chose the classes randomly.The researcher had applied a statistical equivalence among the three groups using the following variable : (the age of the student calculated in months , the Score of the students in Arabic language in the previous year , inelegance test of the student , the researcher formed 124 behaviorism targets to the subjects thought in the experiment period and prepared daily teaching plans for teaching the three groups.The two tools of the research were I attest for measuring the acquisition of the syntactic concepts according to the procedures of acquiring the concept , its items were 30 distributed as three types of questions. Each question is of 10 items. The first question is attest of true or false and second is Multiple choice, the third is writing reasonable sentences.The researcher applied the tools research groups after ending the experiment period which continued for ten weeks the researcher himself taught the research three group. The researcher used the following statistical aids (mono - contrast analysis, Kai Square, person Correlation coefficient, Spearman Brown formula, difficulty Coefficient formula, item recognition coefficient formula , the activity of the wrong alternatives, shefeh method, percentage as a calculation ways.The resultsPredomination of the student of the two experimental groups who are taught the material of the Arabic language according to the strategy of(think, link, participate) and the strategy of the effective reading SQ3R upon the control group that is taught the material according to the traditional way in the test of acquiring the syntactic concept and the process of keeping them.Recommendations1 - Directing the teacher of the Arabic language to use the strategy of(think, link, participate) and the strategy of the effective reading(SQ3R) in teaching the material.2 - it’s the necessary to train and encourage the teacher by the ministry of education on using modern methods and strategies of teaching in away the student be the hub of the instruction process.3 - The supervisors shoud emphasize on the importance of the strategies (think, link, participate) and the strategy of the effective reading SQ3R while visiting the teachers.4 - Increasing students realization by exposing them to instruction situation require using modern strategies that imply their mental capacities5 - Concentration on the instruction situations that moderate student on the dive participation in the lesson.6 - It is necessary to let the teachers of the Arabic language participate in training courses that enable them to use these two strategies and how to imply them in the teaching process.The researcher proposes the followings 1 - Making an identical study on another branch of the Arabic language.2 - Making an experimental study to know the effect of the strategies on another levels.
الملخص:
المصادر:

اثر استراتيجيات معالجة المعلومات في تحصيل مادة قواعد اللغة العربية لدى طلاب الصف الرابع الادبي والاحتفاظ بها == The Impact Of Information Treatment Strategy In The Achievement And Retention Of Arabic Grammar For Pupils Of Fourth Secondary Class (Literary Branch )

اسم المؤلف: عارف حاتم هادي
اسم المشرف: عبد الزهرة لفتة عداي البدران
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يهدف البحث الحالي الى معرفة اثر استراتيجيات معالجة المعلومات في تحصيل مادة قواعد اللغة العربية لدى طلاب الصف الرابع الادبي والاحتفاظ بها.ولتحقيق هدفا البحث اختار الباحث اعدادية القاسم للبنين الواقعة في قضاء القاسم - التابعة لمديرية تربية بابل العامة، بص | The Present study aims at investigating the impact of information treatment in the achievement and retention of Arabic grammar for pupils of forth class ( literary branch ). To obtain the required goals of this study , the researcher deliberately chose AL - Qasim Secondary school for boys ( which belongs to the general educational institution of Babylon ) and he also chose four random sections in the fourth class ( literary branch ) in this school. The sample of study consisted of 122 pupils : 30 pupils in the first experimental group , 31 pupils in the second experimental group , 31 pupils in the third experimental group and 30 pupils in the fourth control group. To complete the required aims of this study , the researcher made the following : 1 - He adopted an experimental form of partial control with four groups ( three experimental groups and one control group ) where by the researcher taught the first group with organization strategy , the second experimental group with classification strategy , the third experimental group with analysis strategy and finally the fourth control group with the normal or conventional method of teaching. 2 - The researcher made the variables of age , educational achievement for parents , degrees of Arabic grammar of the year 2013 - 2014 and cleverness equal to all four groups under study. 3 - The researcher identified the required topics of Arabic grammar , which were eight topics. 4 - 84 behavioral goals were identified according to Bloom's classification of educational field and its six levels. 5 - The researcher made four plans for the groups : organization , classification , analysis and normal ( or conventional ) method. 6 - The researcher organized an achievement test which composed of 30 multi - choice items , filling in the brackets , forming new meaningful sentences. The researcher also identified the level of difficulty , the discrimination force and the validity of each alternative. he also identified the stability of the test using the partial division method ( which was 0.71 according to person ) then it was reformed with spearman formula to reach 0.96 which was a high degree. 7 - The researcher made the test for the group under study and , two weeks later , he made the retention test. After scoring , the researcher analyzed the results statistically. The results arrived at show the following : 1 - First group pupils (who studied according to organization strategy ) were better than second and fourth groups' pupils. 2 - Second group pupils ( who studied according to classification strategy ) proved to be better than the fourth control group. 3 - Third group pupils ( who studied according to analysis strategy ) were better from first , second and fourth group. In the light of the findings arrived at , the researcher put the following recommendations : 1 - In forming Arabic language teacher to adopt information treatment strategies in teaching Arabic grammar. 2 - Reforming the syllabus of fourth secondary class ( literary branch) in accordance with information treatment strategies due to their positive role. 3 - The importance of paying due attention to the Analysis strategy due to its positive role in increasing pupils' achievement level. Finally , the researcher suggested the following : 1 - Performing a similar study for girls in the same class. 2 - Performing a similar study for other classes. 3 - Carrying out a similar study for other selected strategies of information treatment as application , evaluation and criticism ….. etc. 4 - Building an education programme according to the above mentioned strategies for the pupils in the fourth classes and improving their trends towards Arabic grammar
الملخص:
المصادر:

الكفايات المهنية للازمة لمدرسي مادة التاريخ في المرحلة الاعدادية

اسم المؤلف: اسمهان عنبر لازم
اسم المشرف: سعيد جاسم علي الاسدي | سليم حسين ياسين
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2005
الموضوع الدقيق: طرائق تدريس التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:
المصادر:

صعوبات تعلم قواعد اللغة العربية في الصفين الخامس والسادس الابتدائيين من وجهة نظر معلمي المادة == Difiiculties Of Learning Arabic Grammar In Fifth And Sixth Classes In Primary Schools Fro Arabic Teachers Point Of View

اسم المؤلف: علي ماجد عذاري الفرطوسي
اسم المشرف: عياد اسماعيل صالح السامرائي | فيصل مفتن كاظم
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2005
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:
المصادر:

اثر استعمال برنامج تدريبي في تنمية مهارات الخرائط الجغرافية في التحصيل والاستبقاء والاتجاه لدى طلبة اقسام الجغرافية في الجامعات العراقية في مادة الخرائط الجغرافية : دراسة تجريبية

اسم المؤلف: كريم عبيس ابو حليل
اسم المشرف: فاضل عبد الزهرة مزعل
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اسم البحث : - اثر برنامج تدريبي في تنمية مهارات الخرائط الجغرافية في التحصيل والاستبقاء والاتجاه لدى طلبة اقسام الجغرافية في الجامعات العراقية في مادة الخرائط الجغرافية مشكلة البحث : - نتيجة للتطور العلمي الحاصل في جميع مجالات الحياة اصبح علم الجغرافية يحو | Dissertation title : The Effect of a Training Program of Developing Skills in Geographical Maps in the Achievement, Retention, and Attitude of the Students of Geography Departments in the Iraqi Universities in the Subject of Geographical MapsThe problem As a result of the scientific evolution in all the aspects of life, geographical science has become containing tremendous amount of information that go into teaching the syllabus of geographical maps which is considered as a suitable tool to identify the shapes, locations, and directions of geographical phenomena both : natural and humanistic with linking the place of incidence of these phenomena with their time of incidence. Thus, the possibility of reaching the skills of drawing, reading, and interpreting the geographical maps which is highlighted since it represents the language of this science and its key. In spite of the importance of geographical maps, the complaining about the weakness of owning it still continued. This was what asserted by several studies (e.g. Al - Sa’idy 2008, Al - khakany 2006, And Aubeis 1998).also, it is surprising that the less effective teaching method is the most commonly used one in all the aspects of teaching. This method based on dumping and teaching the information and facts. It is not very useful and do not add something new to the ideology of the students, since it leads to the students’ failure in accessing the right way to achieve the target educational objectives which aims to be armed by the skills of knowing how to deal with the geographical maps. Thus, the present study which aim to know “the effect of a training program of developing skills in geographical maps in the achievement, retention, and attitude of the students of geography departments in the Iraqi Universities in the subject of geographical maps” hoping to participate in solving this problem.The significance of the study Geography considered as one of the important human sciences which participated in developing most of the nations in both past and present. Also, there is no science fulfil the human needs and aspiration more than geography, since it interested in studying all the natural and humanistic phenomena on Earth. Moreover, it uses the geographical maps to solve the problem of surveying the information, since it plays an important role in understanding the meanings and information as well as putting it in its proper place of knowledge which increases the achievement of the learners. Since that, the education in the modern age directed towards emphasizing the use of educational methods, techniques, models, and programs which rise the thinking for the purpose of solving educational problems of the students. The objectives of the studyThe present study aims at knowing the effect of a training program of developing skills in geographical maps in the achievement, retention, and attitude of the students of geography departments in the Iraqi Universities in the subject of geographical mapsHypotheses The present studies hypothesize the following : 1. There is no statistical significant differences at (0,05) between the average of the scores of the experimental group which study the geographical maps subject according to the strategies of the training program , and the average of the scores of the controlling group which study the same subject according to the normal strategy in achieving the skills of geographical maps by the students of Geography Department / fourth grade/ Colleges of education in the Iraqi Universities 2. There is no statistical significant differences at (0,05) between the average of the scores of the experimental group which study the geographical maps subject according to the strategies of the training program , and the average of the scores of the controlling group which study the same subject according to the normal strategy in the retention of the skills of geographical maps by the students of Geography Department / fourth grade/ Colleges of Education in the Iraqi Universities 3. There is no statistical significant differences at (0,05) between the average of the scores of the experimental group which study the geographical maps subject according to the strategies of the training program , and the average of the scores of the controlling group which study the same subject according to the normal strategy in the Attitude of the students of Geography Department / fourth grade/ Colleges of Education in the Iraqi Universities Limitations of the studies The present study is limited for : 1. The student of the fourth grade /Departments of Geography, Colleges of Education / Middle Al - furat Universities. 2. The lectures of geographical maps subjects (the study of the items of geographical maps subject in Flijah & others’ 1985 “ The science of maps and survey studies” 3. The second semester of the academic year 2013 - 2014 ADResearch methodology In order to achieve the aim of the study, the researcher has chosen an experimental design with partial control of two equal groups. One of them is the experimental group which studied according to training program. The other one is the control group which studied according to the traditional method. After identifying the population of the study, the researcher chose a random sample. The sample composed of the fourth grade students /department of geography / College of Education for Humanities/ University of Al - Muthanna. The department includes two sections which might be an arena to apply the experiment. Section “A” was chosen to be the experimental group, and section “B” to be the control group. The main sample composed of 80 students, i.e. 40 students for each group. The researcher equalized both of the groups through using “T - test” and “Chi - square (ca )2 in chronological age which counted by months and the achievement, as well as the profession of the parents. Also, there was a pretest to measure the attitudes, the previous information about the geographical maps, and the achievement as well as applying Rofan’s test of cleverness. In all the variables, there was no statistical significant differences at (0, 05)After identifying the subjects of the experiments, the researcher designated the behavioral objectives for the identified subjects. There were 100 behavioral objectives in their final form after presenting them on a group of experienced referees in methods of teaching, educational psychology, and geography in order to test their validity. The researcher studied with the lecturer of geographical maps subject in the department with both of the sample groups of the study during 10 weeks. Research instruments The researcher designated an achievement test according to the steps of the experimental map to identify number of behavioral aims that are needed to design the required items of the test in order to measure them. It composed of 50 multiple choice items and the performative items. The items distributed on the light of the experimental maps according to Bloom’s classification which composed of six levels of knowledge domain. The items of the test were designated to measure the attitudes of the students towards this subject. The items of this test were 34 items. The truth of the tools The items of the achievement test and Attitude measurement were presented on a group of experienced referees in Methods of teaching, Educational Psychology, and Geography to get advantage of their valuable insights and experiences. After that, there was an adjustment on some of the Items of the test. The test was approved by the experts by more than 85%. Test Analysis The test and the standard were applied on exploratory sample consisting of 100 students of the population of the study. After arranging the scores of the students in a descending order, and dividing them into two groups (upper and lower), and taking 27% from each group. Then, the difficulty coefficieny of the items, the power of their distinction, and stability coefficieny through the partial division which was calculated through using Pearson’s correlation coefficieny. After correcting its correlation coefficieny through Spearman Brown’s correlation coefficieny, it is found that the stability was (0,85). Also, it was characterized that the false alternatives attract the attention of the students. The standard to measure the attitude was (0, 76). After completing the period of the experiment, the researcher has applied an achievement post - test on the two groups.Research results The study concluded the following : The preponderance of the experimental group, which studied through using the experimental program, on the control group which studied through using the traditional method. The difference between their results was statistically significant at (0,05) in on the achievement and the retention in the light of the results of the study. The researcher concluded that the usage of this program is suitable to develop the skills of the students in geographical maps, as well as retention them. As a result, this will lead to raise the students’ motivation towards this subject.The researcher recommended the adoption of this program. Also, in order to complete this study, the researcher suggests to conduct a similar study on samples of students from other grades as well as other Universities and in other subjects. Statistical means The researcher used the following statistical means : T - test, Chi - square, Pearson’s correlation cofficiency, the equation of Spearman - Brown, cofficiency of the discrimination of an item , cofficiency of difficulty , the equation of the effectiveness of false alternatives, and other statistical tools.
الملخص:
المصادر:

اثر الارشاد النفسي في تقدير الذات الواطئ لدى طلاب الصف الخامس الاعدادي

اسم المؤلف: لطيف غازي مكي الاسدي
اسم المشرف: ناجي عبيد ملاغي الحجامي
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 1995
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:
المصادر:

دراسة مقارنة لمستوى التوافق بين طلبة الدراسة المتوسطة (الجذب الجيد، الاعتيادية) في مركز محافظة البصرة

اسم المؤلف: رجاء خليل عبيد العكيلي
اسم المشرف: مها حسين يوسف سالم البدر
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 2004
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
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قياس الضغوط المهنية لمدرسي المرحلة المتوسطة ومدرساتها : بناء وتطبيق == Measure The Vocational Stress Of Male And Female Teachers Of Intermediate Stage Structure And Application

اسم المؤلف: عبد القادر رحيم الانصاري
اسم المشرف: مظفر عبد الصمد عبد الرزاق
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 2001
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
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المستخلص: This study has been conduced to achieve the following : 1. Constructing a test to measure the vocational stress of the teacher of intermediate stage.2. Measuring vocational stress for teachers.3. Identifying the differences in vocational stress.4. Identifying the differences of vocational stress accordin to : A - Gender B - period of service The research has been limited to the teachers in all schools ofBasrah.The item indicated that items have items have significance.The reliability coefficient 'vay (0.81) where t - test method was used. The scale was signs of face validity,. For this purpo~e of this study a stratified random sample ·which consisted 1f(325) teachers according to (Gender and period of service 'vf taken. ·He research has shown following results : · 1. There are significant differences, which means thc : rt teachers experienced vacationed stress.. 2. There are different stresses according to gender.· 3. There are different stresses according to period df service.
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التفضيل المهني وعلاقته بالحاجات النفسية لدى طلبة الصف السادس الاعدادي == The Vocational Preferences And Their Relations To Psychological Needs Of Sixth - Class Students In Preparatory Schools

اسم المؤلف: ماجد احياب رمضان
اسم المشرف: مها حسين يوسف سالم البدر
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 2001
الموضوع الدقيق: علم النفس
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
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دراسة مقارنة في السلوك القيادي بين مديري المدارس الثانوية ومديراتها == Acomparative Study To Leadership Behavior Among Secondary School'S Headmasters And Headmistresses

اسم المؤلف: صلاح خليفة اللامي
اسم المشرف: سعيد جاسم علي الاسدي
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 2000
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
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المستخلص: Undoubtedly , the head master has got the most important role in the educationaJ process. It is due to his efforts that the educational environment is prepared in an wat that helps in enhancing the teaching and administrative staff to produce their best in shorter time and heith less efforts. In fact , one can say that the head master is the · ing mindd that controls the whole educational process. His behaviour is considered th criterion that measures the achievements of school population.What gives this study its importance can be stated as follows : 1 - 'The importance of the educational administration in general and school administration in particular since they are regarded as the educational leadership that works to the objectives of the society.2 - The importance of secondary and preparatory schools that supply the institutions and univen;ities with large numbers of students.3 - The important and vital role of the headmaster who is considered the leading figure in/ his tretment with his teaching staff. I4 - It is important to srudy the leaden;hip behaviour of secondary schools head masters and mistress since administration.5 - School administration is put in a position fronting behavioural challenges that requir efficient and s.kil.ful administrative leaders.The.Problem of the Study : IIt is necessary to know and diagnose the differennces in the educational leaders1p and leadership behaviour in their administrative work one can arrive at and limit 1'te scieatific interpretations of the successful of this educaitional institute (school).No to say that the leaderhipl has style clear effect on education our generations and prepartijig them for the future.Aims of the stuely The aims of the present study is to answer the following questions : t' I.what is leadership behavion level that is praetisead by secondary schools head mast according to leudership behaviour test prepared for this purpose 2 - Are there any statistically significant differences between the headmasters and head mastresses in general •3 - Are there any statistically significant differences in the leadership behaviour betwee~ the head masters arid head mistresses in the different respects of the test (responsibilil : y , discipline personality , skill , and administration beliefs ) ?4 - What is the leadership behaviour level of the buildity sample (teachers supervisors , head mesters and mistresses , teaching staff ) on the test iin general. 5 - Are there any statistically significant differency in the leadership behaviour among th~ members of the building sample on the test in general ? 6 - Are there any statistically significant differences in the leadership behaviour between I the members of the building sample , on one side , and the members of the applicatior sample , on the other side , on the test in general ?Limits of the Study : The present study is limited to a sample including number of secondary schools i Basrah city, the academic year of 1998 - 1999. Procedur8y of the study : Firstly : Samples of the study : After limiting the original society of the present research which included (280) seclondary schools, the reseacher chose a randoun class sample of ((75)) head masters an mistresses. The percentage of this random sample constitutes 40% of the original soci Secondly : Means of the study : The researcher uused the leadership behaviour scale of secondary schools hea4 masters and mistresses which he constructed to achhieve his research objectives.Thirdly : Now to test the validity and reliability of the scale : ' ** Validity : The reseacher used three ways to ensure the validity of his scale ; content vaJ lidity , face validity and distingushilg? ** Reliability : Many statistical means were used to investigate the reliability of the scale.Scale stability coefficient was extracted by spli - half ocucording to spareman - Brown formula , it approximates (0,97). According to getman formula , it approximates ((0,98)) and ((0,98)) according to rolson formula. Scale consistency coefficient approac ((0,89)).Fourthly : AppUcatian qf the smfe : After presenting the : items of the scale to the jury and after doing some proced s and the required modifications, the items primarily applied to a random sample of (4 ) healh : nasters to be sure ofv the clarity of the instructions and the interprelation and e meaning of the items. The researcher also applied the scale to another random sample itseached (75) head mascers and mistresses. The reason behind that was to find out the v+.lidity and consistency by statistical means. After proving the above mentioned matterS , the fundamental application of the sc+ ' took place on original sample of (75) head masters and mistresses to measure the leadef - ' ship behaviour level and to know the implication of the differences among the head m~ - ters and mistresses in order to set the comparison.F!fUtly : Statistical Means : The researcher used the following means : 1 - Pcrcentages 2 - Analysis of variance 3 - The coefficient deviation. 4 - Spereman - Browit, Person , Jennan , Rolon , coder Richardson coefficient correlation to find the consist : u cy of the instrument. 5 - The T - test.71te ReS!dts : The results of the present study are summarized as the following : 1 - The secondary school's hedd masters and mistresses have very high leadership behav4 our which proves their efficiency in leading and controlling their schools. ! 2 - There are no differences of statistical significance between the head masters and mis tresses in the general application of the scale except in respect of ((resposibility and skill). Within these two respects , the scale shows significant statistical differences for the sak of the head mistresses.
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الكفايات المهنية للازمة لاعداد المرشد التربوي

اسم المؤلف: بتول غالب الناهي
اسم المشرف: جواد كاظم فهد المالكي
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 1995
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
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دراسة مقارنة في المشكلات التي يواجهها طلبة المدارس المتوسطة المشمولة وغير المشمولة بالارشاد التربوي والتوجية المهني

اسم المؤلف: احمد محمد احمد البكر
اسم المشرف: شاكر مبدر جاسم
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 1988
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
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كشف الذات وعلاقته ببعض المتغيرات الاسرية لدى طلبة الجامعة

اسم المؤلف: هناء عبد النبي كبن العبادي
اسم المشرف: مها حسين يوسف سالم البدر
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 1998
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
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التمايز النفسي وعلاقته بمعايير اختيار شريك الحياة لدى طلبة الجامعة == Psychological Differentiation And Its Relation With The Choice Of A Spouse In University Students

اسم المؤلف: رشاش نوري محمد اليوسفي
اسم المشرف: عبد المحسن عبد الحسين خضير
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 2015
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
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المستخلص: Modern society faces so many domestic problems that drive the youth to think twice on their priorities including marriage and the way of choosing a life partner. Choosing a partner is a very complicated process that needs experience and a skill that could not be available with the youth.One of the crucial decisions that a man make is choosing a partner. It represents the first corner stone in building the expected happiness and prosperity in case this decision is well - made according to reasonable criteria that meet the future ambitions of the person. If the choice is not appropriate for one reason or another it will lead to problems that could threaten the person’s future psychological security.The most differential person is more independent in making up his mind is not affected by others and this reflects his awareness to his personality. According to (Witkins,0191) people with low levels of differentiation are easily subjected to other people’s opinions because they do not rely heavily on their judgments. They respond in a fluctuating way and they cannot make a clear cut line between their ideas and other people’s ideas.The aim of this study is to arrive at a decisive understanding to the psychological differentiation in fourth - year students at the university level. The study also tries to arrive at significant differences according to gender variables, major of study (scientific or humanitarian), and knowing the best criteria for choosing a partner.A random sample of 311 students of both majors is chosen for the present study. Two procedural tools have been used. The first is Al - RamaHI (5103) psychological differentiation scale. The psychometric properties have been verified in addition to validity. Reliability is done by test re - test technique and it is found 18.5. and by Alpha Corenbach it found 1..0. The second tool is spouse choice scale which is constructed by the researcher. The psychometric properties have been verified like face and content validity. Reliability is done by test re - test technique and it is found 18.3 and by Alpha Corenbach it found 1. 90.The main results of the study : 0 - The psychological variable is the most outstanding one in the answers of the sample. It represents choice number one in fourth - year students at the university level.5 - There is a significant difference between psychological differentiation an the choice of a spouse.The researcher arrives at some conclusions as the sample of the study have a psychological differentiation that contributes to the their independence in decision making in addition they have a clear vision in choosing their partners.The main recommendations : Symposiums and lectures should be held to encourage students to achieve independence in taking decisions inclosing choosing a spouse.It is suggested that a study should be conducted on choosing a partner with some psychological factors.
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اساليب مواجهة المشكلات لدى المسترشدين وغير المسترشدين في المدارس المشمولة بخدمات الارشاد التربوي : دراسة مقارنة == Style Coping Problem To Counselor & Un Counselor Reporting School Educational Counselling Services A Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: احمد جمال احمد
اسم المشرف: مائدة مردان محي الطعان
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
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المستخلص: Problems associated with everyday life events , Since we are constantly exposed to and from different sources , They haunt us in the home, school, street work, and sometimes the us crisis stand powerless and compel us to search for ways of successful response. Individuals vary in their dealings and ways to face those problems through their methods and strategies they use, and how to realize them. And it is determined by the current problem in comparison methods address problems of target samples in search of the seeking guidance and not the seeking guidance, both male and female students in secondary schools covered by the services Psychological counseling and guidance Center in Basra Governorate. To put this problem under consideration and study researcher sought to achieve a number of objectives which established the current search. ? Research objectives : 1. methods of confronting the problems of the students the seeking guidance and not the seeking guidance on reporting school educational counselling services. 2. statistical significant differences in methods address problems among students the seeking guidance and not the seeking guidance on reporting school educational counselling services according to the variable type (m - f) and extension services (guided - guided). 3. type methods address problems among students the seeking guidance and not the seeking guidance on reporting school educational counselling services according to the variable type (m - f) and identification of extension services (guided - guided) through the statistical hypothesis testing. To move these goals into application Finder built three hypotheses of zero to assess the quality and level of significance of differences between samples (Counselor - un counselor ) to measure areas face major problems in the light of the variable ( Sex and exposure to extension services ).? Search samples Combine search three samples are : - Sample construction reached its size (340) students and (300) was examined to calculate structural honesty and (40) checked the sample Reliability. - Sample final application included (350) students as a sample guideline, and reality (185) led, (165) guided dragged way deliberate. - Random sample size reached 1106 students, which has been selected (756) was examined as a sample guideline equivalent to sample inspired, and reality (396) and (360) student. ? Search tool : The researcher also build scale methods address problems features (42) distributed over three major's magazines contain twelve method to address the problems. The researcher may restrict scientific steps to build measurement tools , It was honestly the tool by way of honesty and truthfulness Banai and honesty factor. It also verified the tool stability test method and test. The researcher also organized information form includes descriptive variables affecting results , The sample was intended to reward others guided with the sample inspired to ensure accurate scientific comparisons. ? Statistical methods : After applying the scale of research on core sample research researcher used a number of statistical methods to analyze data including (Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage ) In addition to the use of statistical pouch ( spss ) To analyze one way envoi. ? Search results : Search results showed a prevalence of mixed methods which came first for search samples (Counselor - un counselor ) Followed by methods focused on the problem and then emotion focused methods for the seeking guidance that came with the latest rankings, while ranking second emotion - focused methods followed in latest rankingsProblem - focused methods for sample not inspired , The results of the sample to the subsidiary methods contained in methods of confrontation focused on the problem demonstrated the superiority of the sample inspired both male and female sample others guided by adopting the method of active confrontation followed by the method of problem solving , While the sample is not only inspired by the method of suppressing a source and method of suppression of competing activities. Methods that contain confrontation emotion - focused methods, the sample has inspired my style of emotional catharsis and acceptance , Although this result varied among each of the seeking guidance and the seeking guidance in making emotional venting method the method acceptance among females , While the method acceptance on emotional venting in males, while occupied the first withdrawal method among respondents non - guided , This sample also participated with the sample inspired on emotional venting method adopted by the second. I got this sample to varying methods (escape, denial, acceptance) was more receptive male and an escape from confronting problems, whereas females are more escape and denial of problems. As for mixed methods, male and female have agreed on the importance of reference samples of religion and occupied it first among mixed methods in the last two results. But the results varied between them over other methods (Social support social support - practical emotional ) It occupied the social support practical method for the second order for the sample inspired, while the sample is not inspired more inclined to support social - emotional. In the light of the variable sex results showed existence of differences between the sample and the sample inspired others using methods focusing on the problem and the differences recorded in favor of the sample inspired both male and female. And the result has emerged for mixed methods. While differences in favors of non - sample inspired both male and female styles of confrontation focused on emotion. At the end of the search ended Finder A set of recommendations and proposals.
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المرونة المعرفية وعلاقتها ببعض انماط الشخصية التسعة وفق نظرية الانيكرام لدى طلبة الجامعة == Cognitive Flexibility And Its Relationship With Some Of The Nine Personality Types (Enneagram) Among University Students

اسم المؤلف: فجر حسين كاظم السماوي
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم غالي محسن العيداني
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: علم النفس التربوي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
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المستخلص: Hindrances of cognitive flexibility are represented by the difficulty to use the appropriate strategies to face the different situations that the individual faces, and that learners' tendencies to understand study materials tightly by imposing one knowledge - based system is by all means inappropriate, and the treatment of limited number of the dimensions of the phenomenon is a problem by itself. University students face many hindrances and pressure of different types which play an important role in building their personality sides. The research problem is set by the following questions : Do university students have cognitive flexibility? What is the commonest personality type among them? Is there any relationship between cognitive flexibility and theirpersonality type?Cognitive flexibility, as a mental performance feature, helps the individual to change and multiply ways of mental dealing with matters according to their nature. The ability to change the cognitive strategies that are used in the treatment of the new and unexpected circumstances and situations of the students is an important dimension of the human personality dimensions which cares about gaining new styles of human behavior and get rid of old and static ones. Moreover, the study of personality types and understanding its dimensions and identifying the commonest personality type among students made educationalists and psychologists interact with them seriously and actively. The importance of this research stems from the importance of university students as they are the basic pillar of development, progress and production; they are the builders of the present and future.1. Identifying cognitive flexibility among university students. 2. Identifying cognitive flexibility according to gender variable (males - females).3. Identifying cognitive flexibility according to study specification (scientific - human)4. Identifying personality types among university students5. Identifying personality types according to gender variable (males - females).6. Identifying personality types according to study specification (scientific - human)7. Identifying the relationship between cognitive flexibility and personality types.The present study is limited to the University of Basrah (fourth year students) both sexes (males - females) day study only, whose study specification is (scientific - human) academic year 2015 - 2016.In order to achieve the goals of the research the researcher built the scale for the cognitive flexibility following the scientific steps for building psychological scales. Face validity of the scale has been achieved after being shown to a jury of experts and specialists in the field of education and psychology and psychological measurement.Differential validity of the scale has been calculated through the application of the scale on a sample of (400) students. The stability of the scale has been verified by retest procedure, it was (0.84), and by Alpha Cronbach's method, it was (0.81). The researcher used personality typology scale according to Enneagram (centre of emotions) proposed by (Riso & Hudson, 1995) which was translated into Arabic by (Alyasseri, 2004), which was applied to the Iraqi environment.Personality typology scale (centre of emotions) is composed of three personality types (the helper, the performer, and the individualized). The validity of the scale has been determined by a jury of experts and specialists. The differential validity of the scale has been calculated through applying it to a sample of (400) students. The stability of the scale has been calculated by retest procedure, it was (0.83 the helper type), (0.82 the performer type), and (0.82 the individualized type).The research reached at the following results : 1. Goal number one result has shown that university students have cognitive flexibility.2. Goal number two result has shown that there are no statistically significant differences between the individuals of the research sample according to the gender variable (males - females).3. Goal number three result has shown that there are no statistically significant differences between the individuals of the research sample according to the study specification variable (scientific - human).4. Goal number four result has shown that the highest mean is that of the (helper) type, the (performer) type came in the second place; the individualized type's mean is the lowest.5. Goal number five result has shown that; there are statistically significant differences for the helper type of human study specification. There are statistically significant differences in the performer type between human and scientific study specifications.6. Goal number six result has shown that there are no statistically significant differences in the helper type according to the gender variable. However; there are statistically significant differences in the performer type according to the gender variable for males at the expense of females. There are statistically significant differences in the individualized type according to the gender variable for females at the expense of males.7. Goal number seven result has shown that there is a positive correlative relation (0.981) between cognitive flexibility and the helper personality type, there is a positive correlative relation (0.980) between cognitive flexibility and the performer personality type, there is a positive correlative relation (0.974) between cognitive flexibility and the individualized personality type.In the light of the results, the researcher proposed a number of suggestions and recommendations.
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انماط التعلق وعلاقتها بخبرات الاساءة في مرحلة الطفولة لدى الطلبة المشمولين بخدمات الارشاد الفردي في المدارس المتوسطة == Patterns Attachment And Their Relationship To The Experiences Of Abuse In Childhood Among The Students Covered By The Patterns Of Individual Counseling Services In Middle School

اسم المؤلف: كاظم غميس ياسر العمري
اسم المشرف: مائدة مردان محي الطعان
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
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المستخلص: ان ما نشهده من تغيرات سريعة اصابت مختلف جوانب حياتنا الفكرية، والاجتماعية، والسياسية، والاقتصادية، ما هي الا نتيجة طبيعية للتطور العلمي، والتكنولوجي، والتقدم الصناعي في عالمنا اليوم، الذي سهل لنا الحياة من جانب وعقدها من جانب اخر، فملئت المجتمعات بالصراع | The quick changes that we are witnessing have struck the different aspects of our life; cognitive, social, political and economic. These changes come to be as a natural result for the scientific, technological and industrial development in our world nowadays, which simplified life from one side and complicated it from another side. Consequently, conflicts and problems filled the societies because of the change in life style. New needs come into existence which required varied means of fulfillment and various ways of dealing with such needs in order to achieve the intended goal of convergence to accommodate with the requirements of the changeable environment. Researchers have dealt with the role of attachment in adolescents who are in need for psychological care. They found that the model of attachment in these adolescents to their parents is related to negligence and abuse especially in the case of unsafe attachment in adolescence. That's why abuse experiences, regardless of their being parental or non - parental, make a universal problem, beyond the borders of our society or any other society but rather many human societies suffer from. For this reason, it was the core many researches. The problem of abuse experiences in childhood is one of the problems that impact the development of the individual. The problem of the research can be summarized in the following question : Is there any relationship between models of attachment and abuse experiences in the childhood of students who receive individual guidance in intermediate schools? What kind of relation it is? To answer this question, the researcher adopted three main objectives : 1. Knowing the models of attachment among students who receive individual guidance in intermediate schools according to the variable of gender (male - female).2. Identifying abuse experiences in childhood among students who receive individual guidance in intermediate schools according to the variable of gender (male - female).3. Identifying the kind and direction of the relationship between the variable of the models of attachment and the variable of abuse experiences according to the variable of gender (male - female).To achieve these objectives the researcher designed two scales; one for the models of attachment and the other for abuse experiences in childhood among students who receive individual guidance in intermediate schools. In order to verify their psychometric characteristics of validity and reliability, the researcher calculated both face and content validity. In addition, he calculated the reliability of the scale for models of attachment by the test retest method and the Cronbach's Alpha to measure the internal harmony of the scale. As for the scale of abuse experiences the researcher used the test retest method and the Cronbach's Alpha to measure the reliability of the scale. After verifying the psychometric characteristics of the two scales, they were applied on the research sample which is students, who receive individual guidance in intermediate schools in Di Qar governorate, the research results have shown that : 1. The targeted research sample is not a normal sample; it suffered from problems and difficulties as it tended to adopt confused and avoiding models of attachment and an obvious decrease in adopting safe attachment model.2. A high percentage of the males of the research sample have suffered from physical abuse experiences in childhood, whereas females were more prone to speech abuse. 3. There is a positive correlative relationship between the variable of the models of attachment and the variable of abuse experiences.4. Correlation between safe attachment model and abuse experiences in childhood, in general, was negative. Whereas it was positive between confused and avoiding models of attachment and abuse experiences in childhood.In the light of the results of the study the researcher has come up with some suggestions and recommendations
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القابلية للاستهواء وعلاقتها بالنزاهة الاخلاقية لدى موظفي الدولة == Suggestibility Relationship With The Moral Integrity Of Officials

اسم المؤلف: عبد الله عادل محسن السعيدي
اسم المشرف: صفاء عبد الزهرة حميد الجمعان
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعرض المجتمع العراقي الى العديد من الازمات والظروف السياسية، والاجتماعية والاقتصادية، من حروب، وسوء ادارة، وحصار اقتصادي، وصعوبة تدبير لقمة العيش، كذلك غياب الامن الاجتماعي، اثر كل ذلك بشكل سلبي على بنائه وتكوينه الفكري والاخلاقي.فعلى الجانب الفكري تجد ب | The Iraqi society has faced l lot political and social crises including wars, ill - administration, poor conduct, the economical siege its consequences, and above all, the absence of the social security. All these bad conditions have negatively affected the Iraqis’ morals and their ways of thinking. At the level of thinking, some figures suffer from bluntness in that one can notice them thinking in a traditional way. Thus, they become victims of rumors and superstitions. They have often been inclined to believe these kinds of biased circulations. These social rumors and superstitions may be communicated by a numbers od means such as the relatives and social media resulting in making these figures suffer from impressibility. At the moral level, capitalism, expediency and the materialistic tendencies in general have control over the humanistic and moral aspects of life, besides, the expansion of suggestibility and the deterioration of the religious and national impulses and motivations. These have resulted in weakening and destructing the moral ideology which embraces social, moral and practical values for the members of the society specially the officials who have been suffering from weakening or absence of the moral integrity. Accordingly, the aim of the study is to recognize suggestibility and integrity among the officials and to identify the individual differences in relation to tendencies to the number of years in service (lesser than five years or more between suggestibility and moral integrity. To attain the objectives of this study, an equal and random number of officials (4oo males and females) who have lesser than five years in service and more than five years.Two instruments are used in this study. The first one is manipulated to measure impressibility. The researcher has constructed a measurement for suggestibility and its psychological - metric characteristics have been attested such as the explicit honesty and the constructive one. The researcher has noticed a measurement stability via testing and retesting when the correlative factor reaches (0. 87), following cornbach’s Alpha, when the stability value reaches (0.81). appropriate statistical means are used to achieve the aims of this work and the procedures followed. The second instrument is used to measure the moral integrity when its psycho - metric feature are attested ( explicit and structural honest). The measurement stability is tested by the retesting procedure where the correlative factor reaches (0.89) following Cronbach’s Alpha where the stability value gets (0.82). The main results of this work can be summarized as in the following two points : 1) The specimen of this research enjoys a low level of suggestibility and this what enables subjects to criticize, analyze and have self - independence. They also show a considerable level of moral integrity, and of course, there are some individual diversifications from this level which is highly rejected by others officials in that they do represent the majority. 2) There is an inversely correlative relation between suggestibility and moral integrity. The researcher has recommended that the officials should be encourage to think critically and enjoying the moral integrity by holding seminars and symposiums aiming at praising and educating them. The researcher has also suggested some important things such as investigating the type of relation between the political and social levels that are liable to permissibility and moral integrity.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الاختيار المهني وعلاقته بانماط الشخصية والبيئات المهنية السائدة لدى طلبة مرحلة الدراسة الاعدادية == The Vocational Selection And Its Relation With Personality Styles & Vocational Environments Prevailed For The Secondary Stage Students

اسم المؤلف: خلف مطشر دايخ الاسدي
اسم المشرف: عياد اسماعيل صالح السامرائي
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الاختيار المهني
  • انماط الشخصية
  • البيئات المهنية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى التعرف على الاختيار المهني وعلاقته بانماط الشخصية والبيئات المهنية السائدة لدى طلبة مرحلة الدراسة الاعداية، كما تضمن اهدافا فرعية اخرى وهي التعرف على كل من : 1. الاختيار المهني لدى طلبة مرحلة الدراسة الاعدادية.2. دلالة الفروق في | The present study aims to identify the vocational selection related with the personality styles and the vocational environments prevailed of secondary stage students as major objective. Furthermore , it also includes some other subsidiary objectives which are listed bellow : 1. The identification of the vocational selection of the secondary stage students 2. The identification of the denotation of differences of the vocational. selection in accordance with the specialization variable ( literary - scientific ). 3. The identification of the denotation of differences of the vocational. selection in accordance with the gender variable ( male - female ). 4. The identification of the personality styles of secondary stage students. 5. The identification of the denotation of differences of the personality styles of secondary stage students in accordance with the gender variable ( male - female ). 6. The identification of the prevailed vocational environments of secondary stage students. 7. The identification of the denotation of differences in the prevailed vocational environments of secondary stage students in accordance with the gender variable ( male - female ).8. The identification of the relation among the vocational selection , personality styles and vocational environments of secondary stage students. 9. The identification of the relation between the personality styles and vocational environments of secondary stage students. 10. The identification of the relation between the - - - - - - - - - subsidiary personality styles and the prevailed vocational environments of secondary stage students.11. The identification of the relation between the associative relation and the statistical denotation between the vocational selection as a variable and personality styles and the vocational environments of the study respondents. The study was limited to secondary stage students ( 6th grade ) for both genders ( male - female ) in Basrah Governorate for the academic year 2014 - 2015.In the first chapter , the researcher introduces a theoretical and procedural definition of the research variables. In the second chapter , demonstrates a theoretical framework related to the research variables , the vocational selection , theories of vocational selection , the concept of personality styles , the theories dealt with personality styles , vocational environments , previous studies which are reasonably in connection with the subject matter of research along side with a discussion of such studies. Research procedures are specified as follows : Study respondents The community research is represented by the male and female students of the 6th grade - secondary schools in Basrah. Total number is 19202 students of the morning study for the academic year 2014 - 2015. The study respondents are 290 male and female students as - - - - - - sample selected simply and randomly with a percentage no less than 2% of the original community while the sample of the final application is 480 male and female students with a percentage no less than 3% of the original community.Research tools : the research is composed of three tools : The tool of the vocational selection , the researcher built the items of the vocational selection and they were composed of 76 items in their preliminary formulation , divided into six fields : self , social , family , economical , valorem and environmental and personal field and in order to recognize the apparent truth of the tool , the researcher presented the scale before a group of experts and specialized members in the field of psychological counseling in order to evaluate the items whether or not they are fit to measure what they are after along side with suggesting proper modifications in the formulation of items. Consequently , the items approved by 80 % of experts ' approval or more were accepted while the rest which scored les vote were omitted , that is , 29 items were omitted and they were divided into six fields. The Remaining 47 items scored more than 80 % of experts ' approval. In order to know the distinctive truth of the tool , the researcher applied it to a sample of 235 male and female students selected randomly. students ' marks were arranged through a descending order began with the highest mark to the lowest mark in the vocational selection. The tow radical groups were specified with the full mark scoring 27 % out of the sample 's respondents. They were 64 in each group. T. test was applied for two independent groups for the purpose of identifying the denotation of the difference between the two radical groups in terms of each single item of the scale on the basis of that the calculated T force represents the distinctive force of items. It is reported that 6 items were not distinct at the level of 0,05 because the T calculated values were less than the T tabular value which was equal to 1,96 with a liberty degree of 126. Accordingly , they were excluded out of the scale while the 41 remaining items were distinct at the level of 0.05. Furthermore , the researcher conducted a group of statistical procedures to determine the truth of the interior correlations. It was reported that all correlations treatments were distinct except item No. 30 didn’t score the required correlation mark which is 0,11 or higher. Ultimately ,the tool in its final manifestation was composed of 40 items divided into six fields. Personality styles The researcher conducted the scale of personality styles in accordance with Holland Codes of personality styles after being translated from English to Arabic and its compliance with Iraqi environment. Holland's codes is composed of 80 items which he distributes into the six sub items where the personality styles are evaluated as follows Realistic (13) items , investigative (12) items , social (16) items , conventional (13) , enterprising (12 ) items and artistic (14 ). In order to express the apparent truth of the tool , it was presented in its preliminary manifestation before the experts and specialists in the psychological Counseling Dep. in order to evaluate the validity of its items. In the light of arbitrators ' judgments , 23 were omitted divided into six styles. Thus , the items of the personality styles tool is composed of 57 items divided into 6 fields. In order to recognize the distinctive truth of the tool , it was applied to a random sample of 290 male and female students selected randomly and simply. The researcher arranged the individuals ' marks in a descending order starting from the total highest in the personality styles up to the lowest one. then , the two radical groups were specified of 27 % out of the sample respondents which they were 78 respondents in each group. The T. test was applied to two independent groups for the purpose of the denotation of the difference between the two groups v , between the marks of each items of the scale. It was reported that there 2 items were not distinct at the level of 0,05 because the T calculated values were less than from the T tabular value (1,96 ) with liberty degree of 154 which was resulted in excluding them out of the scale. while the remaining 55 items were distinct at a denotation level 0,05. Thus , the tool was composed of 55.Vocational environments After reviewing the literature of the vocational orientation , Holland ' s theory and its constituents and the related previous studies , the researcher listed 166 careers divided into 6 vocational environments meeting opposite the aforementioned personality styles. Consequently , Holland ' s code of vocational environments is composed of realistic environment 38 careers , investigative environment (30 ) careers , social environment (23 ) , conventional environment (15 ) careers and the artistic environment (34 ) careers. To investigate the apparent truth of the tool , the researcher presented the scale of the vocational environments before 20 experts , specialized in the field of psychological counseling in order to evaluate the items whether or not they are fit to measure what they are after. Consequently , experts ' remarks led to some modifications in the scale items. They also approved the integration of both tools together as well as determining the environment which is opposite and peculiar for each style of personality. furthermore , they agreed to select 20 - 15 careers out of those which are widely common and acceptable in Iraq that 52 items were omitted and with applying such procedure , the tool was composed of 114 careers divided into 6 sub scales. The researcher inspected the distinctive force of tools by the use of the two radical groups at the ultimate mark through the application of the scale items over the same statistical sample of the scale of personality styles which are 290 male and female students selected randomly. The researcher arranged the individual's marks in a descending order began with the total highest mark to the lowest mark in the vocational environments. Then , the tow radical groups were specified with the full mark scoring 27 % out of the sample 's respondents. They were 78 in each group. T. test was applied for two independent groups for the purpose of identifying the denotation of the difference between the two radical groups in terms of each single item of the scale. It is reported that 14 items were not distinct at the level of 0,05 because the T calculated values were less than the T tabular values (1,96 ) with liberity degree of 154 which resulted in to be excluded out of the scale while the 100 remaining items were distinct at the level of 0,05. Thus , the tool of the vocational environments was composed of 100 items divided into six environments. tools stability In order to figure out the stability of the vocational selection scale of secondary school students , the researcher used the Retest Method and after applying the scale once again on the same sample which was 50 male and female students , Pearson ' s correlation coefficients were stated between the two applications which was 0,79. In terms of personality styles scale , the researcher figured out a stability for each style of the 6 personality styles. After reapplying the scale once again on the same sample , Pearson ' s correlation coefficients were stated between the two applications for each of the 6 sub scales to know the nature of the relation of the marks of both application , the first and the second. it appeared that correlation coefficients ranged from 0,84 - 0,75. In terms of scale of vocational environments , it was reported that the correlation coefficients ranged between from 0,98 - 0,71.The application of tools The researcher applied his tools on a sample of 480 male and female students who were selected randomly with percentage no less than 3 % of the original community. The time assigned for answering the questions was (30 - 40) minutes with average of 35 minutes. The final application required the period from 14/3/2015 up to 30/3/2015.In the fourth stage , the researcher introduced a demonstration for the results whom he culminated by the present research alongside with discussing such results in accordance with consequence of its objectives. Conclusions were as follows : 1. The presence of a statistical denotation in the vocational selection of secondary school students in general. 2. The presence of a statistical denotation in the vocational selection of secondary school students in accordance with specialization ( scientific - literary ). 3. The presence of a statistical denotation in the vocational selection of secondary school students in accordance with gender variable (male - female).4. The presence of a statistical denotation in the personality styles of secondary school students in general. 5. The presence of a statistical denotation in the personality styles of secondary school students in accordance with gender variable ( male and female ) in the realistic and investigative style while no such denotation is absent in the personality styles of secondary school students in accordance with gender variable ( male and female ) in the social , conventional , artistic and enterprising style.6. The presence of a statistical denotation in the vocational environments of secondary school students in general. 7. The presence of a statistical denotation in the vocational environments of secondary school students in accordance with gender variable ( male opposite female ) in the realistic and vocational investigative environments along side with the absence of such denotation in the vocational environments in accordance with ( male opposite female ) in the social , vocational conventional , vocational enterprising and vocational artistic environments. 8. there is no correlative relation between the vocational selection on one hand and personality styles and prevailing vocational environments of secondary school students on the other. 9. The presence of a correlative relation between personality styles on one hand and the prevailing vocational environments of secondary school students on the other.10. The presence of a correlative relation between styles of sub personality of the tool with the opposite vocational environments of secondary school students as follows : - The presence of a correlative relation between the realistic personality style and the vocational realistic environment. - The presence of a correlative relation between the investigative personality style and the vocational investigative environment. - The presence of a correlative relation between the conventional personality style and the vocational conventional environment. - The presence of a correlative relation between the enterprising personality style and the vocational enterprising environment. - The presence of a correlative relation between the artistic personality style and the vocational artistic environment. 11. The absence of a correlative relation and statistical denotation between the vocational selection as variable on one hand and the personality styles as well as vocational environment as second variable to the members of study correspondents in general.Recommendations : In the light of research results , the researcher suggested some recommendations , we hereby mention some of them : 1. Appling the code of the vocational selection by cancellers to develop the counseling process. Proposals : 2.conducting a study concerning the vocational selection of the secondary school students and its relation with other variables such the self concept.
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المصادر:

اقتراح برنامج ارشادي لتنمية الشعور بالانتماء الاجتماعي لدى طلبة كلية التربية جامعة البصرة == Designing Counseling Program To Develop Social Belonging At Students Of College Of Education, University Of Basrah

اسم المؤلف: رحاب حسام علي حسين الجواري
اسم المشرف: بتول غالب الناهي
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 2010
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The concept of Social Belonging is one of the most important central concepts of belonging in general. It determined the nature of the individual relationships with groups in all periods of time and everywhere. The importance lies in the social level because it is the excel theme of the groups without which the group loses its firmness specially the latter is group's individuals closeness, which depends on the scope of achievement of the groups to the needs of their individual since that the group did that then it can effect his thoughts and behavior. Every group has standards and values that its individuals must acquire by being one of the group and he can acquire also when belong to certain group cultural inheritance that enable him to interactive positively with his neighbors.Study Objectives : The study is aiming at the following : 1 - Verify the level of the social belonging among the students of the university.2 - Verifying methods of Social Belonging at university students as per variables (sex - specialization - stage) 3 - Designing instructional program for development of Social Belonging among students of the university.Limits of the Study : The study is restricted with a sample of community from College of education I Basra University for Academic Year 2008 - 2009.Procedures of the Study : Verifying the recent objectives of the study to use the measure (Al - Tamimy 1996) for the Social Belonging after verifying the procedures recognition validity and internal coordination and firmness for the measure when measurement is at its final format consisted of 65 paragraphs distributed among (5) aspects.The measurement is applied on the sample that consisted off 450 students (male & female) to verify the level of the feeling with Social Belonging among the students of Collage Education when the medium among the sample is (693,664) and standard deviation (9,334). When the sign was tested for the differential versus assumption medium, the statistics sign for the medium and this means that sample persons had low level somehow of the Social Belonging than that of maintaining the personal relationships with thee others, with emotional assistance and social evaluation and interesting and social comparison.As sequence to the results in the second objective, instructional program was designed according to sample steps (Dousary) for the instructional programs, after determining the needs of the individuals of the sample. The instructional sessions demonstrated according to theoretical strategies (Social Exchange) b are (simulationreincarnation - communication - realizing the role and acting for it - inspiration - social facility - social realization).Thus, throughout the results of the study, researcher recommended : 1 - Get benefit from instructional programs which are designed in this study at instructional centers and units in the university.2 - Training instructors of the stages in the university within developmental courses on using the instructional program to represent the educational context for them with students.3 - Conducting scientific synopses to shed the light on aspects of Social Belonging level reduction among students in the university and verifying reasons of it and developmental methods in feeling with the Social Belonging.4 - Bringing up students' festivals in the field of literature, sport to encourage the citizenship and the community.5 - Making students travels to the universities to enhance the unity among students.6 - Making students publications , advertisement and expressing the national products of students
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اثر الارشاد النفسي في تعديل اساليب الحياة لدى طلبة الجامعة : دراسة تجربية == The Effect Of Psycho - Counseling On The Modification Of University Students' Life Styles

اسم المؤلف: بتول غالب الناهي
اسم المشرف: سعيد جاسم علي الاسدي
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 2001
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The style of live is considered as one of the major aspects study and conceive the behavior of man which is formalized in the age of four or five years old. The style of live which one formalized depends largely on his individual circumstances. if he has a feelingof deficiency for special reason (real or imaginary), the style of his life may tend to compensate or extra compensate this deficiency.Beside the child could. formalize a style to him self similar to some one has as deep impact on him.The ways of breeding the child play an important role in formalizing the style of his life , his thought of him self , the measuring of the right and wrong and his attitudes to words others.consequently , the man's style of life determines the aspect of life he will concentrate on. It also gives the man his identity be\!ause it identifies the way he can treat his problems. the right style of life may approach. man to perfection and live congruously with society. where as the wrong style which results from selfishness and domination may cause the man to behave against the society.The behavior of man may be changed during his life as a result ·of direct requirement of the situation and the long range goals underlying the style life. the style of life remains relatively constant unless he is satisfied with the changes by psychological therapy which involves techniques aim to recognize and direct his goals and modify his beliefs.* The Problem : The following question identifies the problem of the research : - It is possible to modify the socially useless style of life by using counseling programme depending on a variety of techniques in psychological treatment which is draw from idlerian therapy.* Objectives Of The Study : The main aim of the research is to improve the socially useless styles of life of the university students.There are also secondary aims : I.Constructing measurement to the style of life of the university students.2.Establishing counseling programme to improve the socially useless styles life.3.Recognizing the impact of counseling programme on the improvement of socially useless styles of life. The research is confined to the university students of basrah.of the year (1999 - 2000). The research includes male and female academic students distributed on all the educational stages and all the scientific and humanistic specialization in order to construct a tool and declare the styles of life among university students. It also includes a sample of academic female students from the first stage of the year (2000) to accomplish the test of the research. * The Theoretical Framework : The theoretical framework allows this stuoy to state all the theories that explain the styles of life with regard to their negative and positive structure and the ways of treating or improving the inconvenient style. Emphasis is given to Idler's theory : ! : "'ti Idler's therapy because it is a general and variant therapy it takes a shGr\ - time, it is also regarded as a principal therapy on which many knowledge and social strategy depend in order to improve the inconvenient style.* Procedures : A : Tools Of The Study : In order to construct a tool to measure the style of life for the university students ,(73) behavioral situations have been designed in it prior way of choosing from a variety of three choices. The responsive has to choose the alternative that he finds suitable. Themeasurement consists of four secondary measure : the socially useful style contains (self control , activity and effectiveness , social cooperative), the selfish· style ,avoidance style ,and obsession style ,About ( 400) statements have been distributed on an arbitrarynatural sample from the university students (mal and female) which is analyzed statically in order to verify the validity of the tool by using (content validity , structure validity). Also the constant is found by the retest way and anova with regard to the first way , theconstant coefficient is : ( 0/o67, %, 73, 0/o80, %89, 0/o90, 0/o86 ) for the life way styles(self control ,activity and effectiveness, socially cooperative ,selfish, , and avoidance ) respectively then some situations were eliminated because they could be distinguished. so the ultimate measurement contains (60) situation which is distributed on a sample of (2023) students (male and female) to explore the current style of life among the university students.* Bl The Counseling Programme : The counseling programme is constructed on the current model which is based on planning pragmatic ,budget. the programme is designed on the base of Idlerian therapy which contains individual programme through which (180) individual meetings have been hold , about(6) meetings to each and it began on November ,20,1999 - January ,27,2000. the strategy of (playing the role ,the empty chair ,explaining and studying and treating the dream) has been used in the meetings.Each meeting took about 30 - 60 Minutes.The counseling programme also includes a collective programme through which (22) collective meetings have been hold •The strategies used there are (correcting principle, playing the role, lecture ,encouragement ,imagination ,and self control). The meetings began on February 19 - jun,11,2000. Each meetings have taken about half an hour to an hour.* Experimental Design : The before - after test design has been used and it has a control group. The sample of the research has been classified in to six experimental groups and different conditions have been subjected to each group for treatment.The first three groups received the same counseling (individual and collective) but the kinds of activity and implication of activity sours were different depending on the style of life which it follows.As for the other three groups (control) they did not receive any direction. Each of the six groups they consisted of ten female students which were equating in all variables. * The Results : The current study has concluded the following : 1. The result of the study have shown the spread of the life way style (socially useless) among the university students the common is the avoiding style of life,then the selfish style ,finally the obsession style.2. The counseling programme which has been used in this study is proved.·to be effective including the activities and different strategies which is used in improving the socially useless style oflife as the following : A. The getting Style : There are differences distinguished statistically among the marks of the experimental group in the before - after ,style on the basis of getting style of life measurement •• In the after test ,differences distinguished statistically have beenfound among the marks of the experimental and control groups on the measurement.B. The domination style of life : • differences distinguished statistically have been found among the marks of the experimental group in both before - after tests on the measurement of obsession style of life • • There are differences distinguished statistically among the marksof the control group in the after test on the measurement obsession style of life. C. Avoiding style of life : • Differences distinguished statistically have been found among the marks of the experimental group in both after;before tests on the measurement of avoiding style of life.• There are differences statistically distinguished among the marks of the experimental and control groups in the after test on the measurement of avoiding style of life •* In the light of the result of the study it recommends the following : 1. In interest should be given to create social feeling and spread the moral consciousness by using the academic lectures.2. Effective and serious interest should be put on the direction in university andsupply the counseling center with counseling programmes which aim style improve the style of life or the socially useless style
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المصادر:

علاقة السلوك العدواني باساليب العقاب الوالدية لدى تلاميذ الصف السادس الابتدائي

اسم المؤلف: حسن محسن سعدون الجابري
اسم المشرف: فاضل عبد الزهرة مزعل
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 2005
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:
المصادر:

اثر برنامج ارشادي نفسي في تخفيف القلق الوجودي لدى طلبة مرحلة الدراسة الاعداية == The Impact Of A Psychological Counseling Program On The Reduction Of Existential Anxiety In Secondary School Students

اسم المؤلف: عفيفة طه ياسين
اسم المشرف: عياد اسماعيل صالح السامرائي
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 2007
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Iraqi Society with drastic changes the Economic , political & social levels. These changes , violence & blood shed have there reflections on all the stratifications of the society. These events represent & index for the existential anxiety. Feeling the threat and the lack of security weaken the intimate social relations. Consequently , the individual feels that he/she is responsible for his/ her life or death. In this case life becomes meaningless for the individual.Secondary school students are strongly associated with existential anxiety if they realize that this stage determined failure or success. This means too much to their self - esteem and capabilities. During this period the student is just a teenage which is a very critical period of life time. He/she is subjected to different behavioral disorders which makes it very important to build a remedial program. Tlte st11dv aims at the {olloH"i11g : Constructing a scale to measure existential anxiety. Identifying the level of existential anxiety in Secondary school students. Identifying a statistical difference between anxiety and any of its fourdimensions in relations to(sex, class grade, study major)(scientific of literary).Designing a remedial program for a selected sample of Secondary school students to reduce the le\·el of existential anxiety. - Applying the program and identifying its results.To achieve the aims of the study, the researcher has constructed two Existential anxiety which consists of 80 items distributed among for dimensions. They are : ( death anxiety , freedom , existential isolation , meaninglessness. The validity and reliability of the scale were approved and it was applied to 400 female and male Secondary school students.2 - The counseling Program : The researcher has constructed a remedial program in accordance with the (five points). It includes : a) Analysis b) Planning c) applicationd) program evolution. e) decision making.different techniques of Psychotherapy have been adopted. The program takes (88) days, (24) group sessions and (38) individual sessions, two session a week. Each session is (90) minute.The researcher has used different statistical tools like qi square , Anova, t - test, mean , sd standard error and Person formula. The results show a high desgree of existential anxiety in Secondary school students. It is higher in female students and develop gradually in relation to the stage of study from the fourth grade to the sixth grade. The results show no significant difference in relation to the study major whether sci en ti fie or I iterary.The results show also that the program has a positive effect in reducing the degree of existential anxiety. Accordingly some recommendations and suggestions are forwarded.
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