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فيروس الورم الحليمي شديد الخطورة : دراسة جزيئية في مرضى سرطان الثدي في محافظة ذي قار / العراق == High-Risk Human Papilloma Virus: Molecular Detection in Breast Cancer Patients at Thi-Qar Province/Iraq

Author name: بشرى جبار حمد
Supervisor name: منال بادي صالح
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:

عزل وتشخيص عاثي المكورات العنقودية الذهبية وتقييم نشاطه المضاد للبكتيريا == Isolation and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriophage and Evaluation of Its Antibacterial Activity

Author name: عارف عباس غايب
Supervisor name: ابراهيم عبد الله احمد | حامد خلف احمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • phage Rih21
  • phage genome analysis
  • bacteriophage
  • S. aureus
  • Staphylococcus aureus phage Rih21
  • staphylococcus aureus
  • bacteriophage
  • novel bacteriophage
  • Staphylococcus phage Rih21
  • MRSA
First pages:
Abstract: The antimicrobial therapy, in the long term, is expected to become ineffective against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) due to its ability to produce new and more virulent strains. Bacteriophages are known to fight bacteria for a very long time and have the ability to adapt to the developing bacteria. In this study, 129 clinical specimens were collected from different places in Baghdad and from different clinical sources during the period from October 13, 2020, to January 26, 2021. Only 45 isolates showed cultural (mannitol salt and blood agar) and biochemical (catalase, coagulase and oxidase test) characteristics that were specific to S. aureus. The identity of S. aureus isolates was further confirmed by using specific primers for amplification and sequencing of the S. aureus thermonuclease (nuc) gene, and the blast result of sequences in the NCBI database was 99% to 100% identical to S. aureus species. Also, the S. aureus isolates were tested for sensitivity of different types of antibiotics, and results revealed that: all S. aureus isolates demonstrated high levels (100%) of resistance against the cefoxitin, penicillin, and ceftazidime. It also showed intermediate levels of resistance against tetracycline 55.56% (25/45 isolates), and azithromycin 46.67% (21/45 isolates), and the lowest levels of resistance was against the erythromycin 44.44% (20/45 isolates), rifampin 17.78% (8/45 isolates), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 17.78% (8/45 isolates), clindamycin 15.56% (7/45 isolates), gentamicin 13.33% (6/45 isolates) and ciprofloxacin 11.11% (5/45 isolates). also found that no antibiotics tested in this study were able to kill all S. aureus isolates, therefore all isolates tested in this study were classified as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. From the hospital waste-water, a novel bacteriophage was isolated and characterized. The enrichment method was used for isolation of Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage and six rounds of purification based on the plaque assay were used to purify a single type of bacteriophage against S. aureus clinical isolates. According to characterization properties, this bacteriophage belongs to the Siphoviridae family and can form a halo around the phage plaque. The maximum bacteriophage titer was recorded at 37°C and a pH of 7.2. The bacteriophage titers were decrease at 45°C, 50°C, and 55°C, until completely lost its activity at 60°C. This bacteriophage was completely inactivated at highly acidic (3, 4) and basic (10, 11) pH values and lost part of its activity at pH 5, 6, 8, and 9. This bacteriophage had a 44,789 bp linear double-strand DNA genome, and within the genome sequence, there are 61 genes, all of which are encoded into proteins. Although this bacteriophage does not have any virulence factors or antimicrobial resistance genes and had specific lytic activity against some antimicrobial resistance S. aureus clinical isolates. All the features mentioned above about this bacteriophage could make it a valuable antibacterial choice against antimicrobial-resistant S. aureus clinical isolates.
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الدور الكامن لفيروس الورم الحليمي البشري والتعبير الجيني للجينات ذات الصلة في سرطان عنق الرحم == Potential Role of Human Papillomavirus and Gene Expression of Related Genes in Cervical Cancer

Author name: عقيل عبد علي عبد الصاحب العبادي
Supervisor name: زينة وحيد عطوان
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:

عزل وتشخيص العاثيات البكترية ضد جرثومة Pseudomonas aeruginosa المقاومة للعديد من المضادات الحيوية والمعزولة من مرضى الحروق في محافظة البصرة العراق == Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophages Against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Burn Patients in Basrah Governorate - Iraq

Author name: ميس باسل جليل السيمري
Supervisor name: حيدر عبد الحسين مكلف | زينب راضي عبد الحسين
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:

العلاقة بين التهاب الكبد الفايروسي نوع (C) والاعتلال الكلوي في مرضى فقر دم حوض البحر الابيض المتوسط == The Relationship Between HCV And Kidney Impairment In Beta Thalassemia Patient

Author name: سيف ياسين حسن
Supervisor name: سيف جبار
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Najaf
Key words:
  • Diagnosis.infectious blood
First pages:

دراسة مصلية جزيئية لفيروس التهاب الكبد نمط ب عند الاطفال بمنطقة الفرات الاوسط == Serological and Molecular Study of Hepatitis B Virus in the Chil-dren at the Middle Euphrates Area

Author name: رؤى محمد جساب
Supervisor name: كرار محمد عبد الساده
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Najaf
Key words:
  • التهاب الكبد – الفرات الوسط – نسبة انزيمي -ALT, AST
First pages:

الدراسة الجزيئية لفايروس BK لنماذج من مرضى عراقيين مصابين بالتبول الدموي == A Molecular Study of the role of BK virus in hemorrhagic cystitis in a Sample of Iraqi patients

Author name: فائز كامل كتاب
Supervisor name: غانم عبود الموى
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
Key words:
  • Immunological parameter Urine cytology BK , Real time PCR
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التعبير الجيني لبروتين الغشاء المتاخر للايبشتاين بار فايروس والجين الكابح للسرطان بي 53 في المرضى اللذين يعانون من سرطان الكلى == Epstein Barr virus LMP-1 expression and Tumour suppressor gene P53 in patients with renal cell carcinoma

Author name: اسراء حمزة المعموري
Supervisor name: سيف جبار ياسر
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:

دراسة نسيجية وجزيئية لـ STAT3 في سرطان الثدي المرتبط بالابشتاين بار فيروس == Histological and Molecular Study of STAT3 in Breast Cancer Associated with EBV

Author name: الاء مهدي عبيد جاسم
Supervisor name: موسى نعمه مزهر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
Key words:
  • ايشتاين بار فيروس EBV)), جين محول الاشارة ومنشط النسخ ( STAT3)
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التوصيف الجزيئي لفيروس الروتا الذي يسبب الاسهال لدى الاطفال في محافظة النجف الاشرف == Molecular Characterization of Rotavirus Which Causing Diarrhea among Children in AL-Najaf AL-Ashraf Governorate

Author name: ليلى مكي عبيد النصراوي
Supervisor name: احلام كاظم نعيم ال ياسين
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
Key words:
  • بالفايروس العجلي , جيـنات التركيـبية ( VP7 وVP6 ) ,جينات الغـير تركيـبية (NSP5,NSP4,NSP3,NSP2,NSP1) . تقنية Conventional PCR وNested PCR
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دراسة حول فايروس الانفلونزا المعزول من نوبة وبائية في بغداد خلال الفترة 1988/1987 == A Study Of Influenza Virus Isolated From An Outbreak In Baghdad During 1987 - 1988

Author name: علي سالم الدباغ
Supervisor name: نوال الجنابي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
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التحري عن فيروسي التورو والغدي عند الاطفال المصابين بالاسهال الحاد في محافظة بابل == Detection Of Torov- and Adeno Viruses in Children Infected With Acute Diarrhea In Babylon Province

Author name: زيتون عبد الرضا اكحيوش الخفاجي
Supervisor name: غانم عبود المولى | هاشم رحيم طارش
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Najaf
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الدور المحتمل لفايروس EBV في التسبب في سرطان البروستات == The Possible Role of EBV as a cause of Prostate Cancer

Author name: ليلى عبد الكريم وحيد
Supervisor name: باسم شهاب احمد | داود سلمان داود
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

انتشار فيروس التهاب الكبد الفيروسي HCV في محافظة ذي قار وتقييم تكرار الجين NS5B وبعض من انواع السايتوكينات == The Prevalence of HCV Infection in Thi - Qar Province and Evaluation of Frequency of NS5B Gene with Some Types of Cytokines

Author name: رياض عيدان عبد الحفاظي
Supervisor name: علي نعيم سلمان | عواطف حميد عيسى
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
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دور المدور اللفاوي 8 والعامل الناخر لخلايا السرطان الفا والتغيير المظهري لخلايا الدم اللمفية المحيطية في المرضى المصابين بالتهاب الكبد الفيروسي نوع سي == The Role Of TNF - ? , IL - 8 and Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Patients of Hepatitis C Virus Infections

Author name: ريما نعمة الله حسن
Supervisor name: علي عنوك نجم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

انتشار الاصابة بفايروس التهاب الكبد نمط (C) بين المتبرعين بالدم في محافظة المثنى - العراق == Frequency of Hepatitis C Virus infection among blood donors in Al - Muthanna Province - Iraq

Author name: حميد فرهود عبيد
Supervisor name: محسن عبد نعمة الروضان | محمد عوده ملاح
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Muthanna
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التحري الجزيئي لفيروس parainfluenza في الرضع والاطفال في محافظة المثنى == Molecular Detection of Parainfluenza virus in Infants and Young Children in AL - Muthanna Governorate

Author name: ابرار عبد الله كاظم
Supervisor name: محسن عبد نعمة الروضان
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

تقييم لقاح الحصبة لدى الاطفال والبالغين باستخدام طرق مصلية مختلفة == Evaluation of Measles Vaccine in Children and Adults Using Various Serological Methods

Author name: كريم مؤمن ليلو الساعدي
Supervisor name: ضحى سعد صالح | فيصل غازي الحمداني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: بالرغم من نسبه التغطيه (العاليه ) من التلقيح في العراق الا ان وباء الحصبه مستمر في الحدوث وازدياد نسبة المعرضين للاصابه بمرورالزمن الى مستوى ينتشر فيه المرض بسهوله. ان السيطره على هذا مرض في بلدنا عمليه صعبه لسهولة انتقال الفيروس بين الملامسين بالاضافه الى عدم تطور البنيه التحتيه لانجاز عملية التلقيح ومراقبة الاصابات للحد من انتشار المرض . شمل البحث دراسة الاستجابه المناعيه ضد فايروس الحصبه لنمادج من المصل لاشخاص عراقيين من بغداد ولاطفال من زامبيا مدينة لوساكا .فيما يخص نماذج العراقيين تم اخذ 165 نموذج دم لاطفال وبالغين بواقع 95 ملقحين و70 مصابين من بينهم 34 مصاب بالحصبه على الرغم من التلقيح ضد المرض باعمار تتراوح بين ( 8 شهر - 30 سنه) وللمده ( من شباط / 2007 الى حزيران / 2007 ) , قسمت النماذج الى ستة مجاميع اعتمادا على المدى العمري . شخصت الاصابات التي وقعت عام 2007 سريريا في المراكز الصحيه ومن ثم تاكيدها مختبريا في مختبر الصحه العامه المركزي في بغداد , تم تقييم الاستجابه المناعيه المتخصصه ضد فايروس الحصبه باستخدام ثلاثة طرق مصليه مختلفه وهي : التعادل المصلي الدقيق وقياس الكلوبيولين المناعي صنف G وطريقة تثبيط التلازن الدموي اجريت هذه التجارب في مختبر تقييم اللقاحات الفايروسيه والزراعه النسيجبه في المركز الوطني للرقابه والبحوث الدوائيه . اظهرت نتائج طريقة التعادل المصلي ان جميع المشاركين بالدراسه يمتلكون الاجسام المضاده ( وهم الذين يمتلكون عياريه مساويه او اعلى من ( 128 ) المتخصصه ضد فيروس الحصبه ولكن بمستويات مختلفه , حيث كان مستوى الحمايه المصليه بنسبة 79% للملقحين و94,2% للمصابين وهذا يؤكد على بقاء الاجسام المضادة هذه لفتره طويله بعد حصول الاصابه والتلقيح . وكان معدل الانتشار المصلي لمختلف اعمار الملقحين : 923± 258 , 714± 336 , 705 ± 384 , 268 ± 289 , 278 ± 214 للاعمار (6 - 10 ),(11 - 15) , (16 - 20) ,(21 - 25) , (26 - 30) سنه بالتعاقب , اذ تبين عدم وجود مؤشر احصائي معنوي (P>0.05)عند المقارنه بين الملقحين بالعمر(6 - 10 ) سنه مع المصابين حديثا باعمار اقل من 6 سنوات, اما الملقحين بعمر (11 - 15) سنه قد اظهر وجود مؤشر احصائي مختلف (P<0.01) عند المقارنه بين الملقحين بالعمر(6 - 10 ) سنه , اما الفئات العمريه (16 - 20) , (26 - 30) سنه من الملقحين فقد اظهرت مؤشرات احصائيه مختلفه (P<0.01)بالمقارنه مع نفس الفئات العمريه من المصابين ولم تظهر الفئه العمريه (21 - 25) سنه من الملقحين مؤشر احصائي مختلف مع المقارنه لنفس الفئه من المصابين . اظهرت النتائج نسبه 97 - 100% للحمايه المصليه لفئة الملقحين في المدى العمري (6 - 10) سنه بعد ذلك تبدا بالانخفاض بتقدم العمر , وكانت نسبة الحمايه المصليه 95 - 100% للمصابين بالمرض من مختلف الفئات العمريه المشاركه في الدراسه . اجريت دراسه ايضا بقياس الحمايه المصليه بالاعتماد على عدد جرع اللقاح المعطاة باستخدام طريقة التعادل المصلي وكانت النتائج (1 : 838 ± 403) , ( (1 : 938± 244) للاشخاص الذين اعطوا 5 و6 جرع على التوالي واظهرت اختلاف احصائي(P<0.01) عن الذين اعطو (1 - 2)جرعه من لقاح الحصبه .تمت دراسة فترة بقاء الاجسام المضادة المتخصصة ضد فايروس الحصبه للملقحين والمصابين اذ وجدت بنسبة عاليه قبل مرور فترة 3 سنوات من اعطاء اخر جرعه من اللقاح حيث اظهرت مؤشر احصائي مختلف من الذين امضوا اكثر من 3 سنوات باستلامهم اخر جرعه , بينما لا توجد مؤشرات احصائيه مختلفه من اعطاء اخر جرعه لفترة (3 - 10)سنه واكثر من 10 سنوات , وهذا يعطي دليل بانخفاض مستوى الاجسام المضاده مع مرور الوقت سواء بعد التلقيح او الاصابه الطبيعيه . اظهرت نتائج قياس IgG بطريقة ELISA ان الحمايه المصليه تمثل 89% ضد الاصابه بفايروس الحصبه وتمثل نسبة 7.7% حمايه مصليه غير ثابته ونسبة 3.3% دون حمايه مصليه .وكانت اعلى نسبه من الحمايه المصليو 94,7% في الاعمار الصغيره (6 - 10) سنه من المشاركين في البحث واقل نسبه من الحمايه المصلية 75% للاعمار الكبيره (25 - 30) سنه . وبصوره عامه فان معدل عيارية الاجسام المضاده المتخصصه ضد فايروس الحصبه صنف IgG هي 2080 ±1837 لجميع الملقحين قيد الدراسة وبدون اختلاف احصائي معنوي بالمقارنه مع المصابين والتي كانت 1949 ±1838 , وان التلقيح بالجرعات التعزيزيه الاضافيه للفئات العمريه المناسبة تلعب دور كبير في تمنيع المجتمع للحد من حدوث الاوبئه وانتشارها . اما باستخدام طريقة تثبيط التلازن الدموي وجد 60 مشاركا من اعمار مختلفه يمتلك اجسام مضاده متخصصه مثبطه للتلازن الدموي , وعند الاخذ بنظر الاعتبارعيارية 1/8 كمؤشر للتعرض للاصابه وجد الانتشار المصلي المثبط للتلازن الدموي 53,6 % , 73,6% للملقحين والمصابين بالتتابع , كما وجد انخفاض واضح لمستوى هذه الاجسام المضاده بتقدم العمر , وكما كانت النتائج التي حصل عليها هذا البحث باستخدام تقنية التعادل والاليزا يمكن الاستنتاج ايضا ان مقدارتركيز الانتشار المصلي المثبط للتلازن الدموي ذو علاقه مباشره وطرديه مع نسبة الحمايه المصليه ضد النوع البري للاعمار ما بين (6 - 15) سنه , وكانت نتائج معظم افراد الفئه العمريه (16 - 30) سنه ذو نسبه واطئه من الحمايه المصليه وهذه النتائج ربما تعود ان المشاركين في الدراسه للفئه العمريه الكبيره كانت ولادتهم قبل الشروع ببرنامج التلقيح الموسع اوكونهم عاشو خلال فترة كانت فيها نسبه واطئه من التغطيه في التلقيح مما يؤدي الى انخفاض ونقص في الانتشار المصلي . اما نتائج دراسة المقارنه باستخدام الطرق المناعيه الثلاث في قياس الاستجابه المناعيه ضد الحصبه وجد هناك علاقه جبده ومباشره بين طريقتي التعادل وتثبيط التلازن الدموي ( r =0.87 , P<0.01 كما بينت النتائج ان طريقة تثبيط التلازن الدموي اقل حساسيه من طريقة التعادل , اما المقارنه مع طريقة قياس الكلوبيولين المناعي صنف الكلوبيولين المناعي IgGتعتبرمقياس دقيق وذات علاقه جيده ومباشره مع طريقة التعادل (r = 93 , P< 0.05) واخيرا يمكن الاستنتاج ان طرق التعادل هي الطريقه المثلى في قياس الاجسام المضاده ضد فايروس الحصبه وتعتبر الطريقه المناسبه لقياس مستوى الحمايه ضد المرض . اما بخصوص نماذخ المصول العائده للاطفال من زامبيا , شملت الدراسه (50) نموذجا , يعضها كان قبل التلقيح والبعض الاخر بعد (1 - 3 اشهر ) من تلقيح الاطفال بلقاح الحصبه المنفرد بعمر 9 اشهر , تم قياس الاجسام المضادة المتخصصه ضد فايروس الحصبه بتقنية التعادل المصلي في الاكار وباستخدام النوع البري لفايروس الحصبه المعزول من حالات مصابه بالحصبه واجري الاختبار باصابة خلايا كلية القرد الاخضر الحامله للمستلم CD150 واجري الاختبار بالتزامن مع المصل القياسي العالمي لغرض المقارنه ولغرض تحويل العياريه للنتائج الى الوحدات العالميه , تم اجراء الاختبارات في مختبر الاستاذه كرفن في جامعة جون هوبكنز الامريكيه.اما نتائج هذه الاخيبارات فقد كان قياس الاجسام المضاده للاطفال الزامبيين بعمر 9 اشهر قبل اخذ اللقاح 0.079 وحده عالميه وبنفس الوقت هي تمثل ما تبقى من الاجسام المضاده المكتسبه وهي اقل من مسوى الحمايه ضد المرض التي هي 0.120 وحده عالميه عند استخدام تقنية التعادل المصلي في الاكار , اما بعد الفتراة الزمنيه شهر واحد وثلاثة اشهر من التطعيم كان قياس الاجسام المضاده 0.606 , 0.493 وحده عالميه وبمؤشر احصائي P< 0.05 ,P<0.01 , على التوالي بالمقارنه بنتائج قبل التطعيم وهو اعلى من مستوى الحمايه ضد المرض , بينما كان قياس الاجسام المضاده بعد الاصابه الطبيعيه للاطفال بعمر 76 شهر 3.303 وبمؤشر احصائي P<0.005 وحده عالميه وهذه النتيجه تؤكد النتائج السابقه بان الاستجابه المناعيه بعد الاصابه الطبيعيه اعلى من نسبتها بعد التطعيم .وهذه النتائج تتفق مع نتائج الاستجابه المناعيه للاطفال العراقيين دون سن 6 سنواة فيما يخص مستوى الحمايه ضد المرض . | In this study, the potency of the live measles vaccine ( Rouvax / Sanofi pasture production) has been determined by an in vitro microtitration assay ,the results were considered comply and meet with the WHO requirement .The estimation of the prevalence measles antibody among serum samples from Iraqi and Zambian population after measles vaccination and natural infection. Regarding the Iraqi blood samples were collected from Iraqi children and adults with documentation of vaccinated or exposure to natural infection with an average age of (8 months - 30 years) .Samples were divided into six groups based on the age of participants .The individuals were infected during 2007 outbreak identified in the health center of their area and confirmed serologically in Center Public Health Laboratory (CPHL) in Baghdad; Serological assays were performed at the National Center for Drug control and Research ( NCDCR) to detect measles antibody . All 156 participants had detectable neutralizing antibodies, while the prevalence of protective level of neutralizing antibody titer (≥ 1 : 128), was found in 79% of vaccinated group and 94.2 % for participants with a history of measles cases suggesting that the rate of antibody persist longer when expressed exposure to circulating wild virus. When groups distribution of the Geometric Mean Titer (GMT) values was determined according to the age groups, revealed that the measles neutralizing antibody titers after vaccination were 923± 44.2 , 714 ± 68.7 , 705 ± 99.2 , 268 ± 91.4 and 278 ± 87.7 for groups 6 - 10 ,11 - 15 ,16 - 20, 21 - 25 and 26 - 30 years respectively . There was no significant statistical difference (p>0.05) for age group 6 - 10 when comparing with infected children (<6 years), 11 - 15 years group showed statistical significancet when compared with infected children (>6 years) ( P < 0.01) , 16 - 20 and 26 - 30 of vaccinated groups also showed to be statistically significant when comparing with similar age of infected individuals (P< 0.01 ) ; But there is no statistical significance for age groups 21 - 25 years when comparing with similar age of infected individuals ,(p> 0.05) The percentage of neutralizing protective level was 97 - 100% for (>6 - 10) years of vaccinated group and then decreased with increasing ages, while persistent (95 - 100%) for the different age groups infected with measles. Neutralizing antibody titers after five and six vaccine doses was a (1 : 838 (SEM) 100) and (1 : 938 (SEM) 93) respectively this is showing statistically significance when compared with individuals previously had received one and two doses (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01) respectively . In the study of persistence of neutralizing antibody after vaccination and natural infection the prevalence of measles antibody was very high before 3 years of the last dose and show significant differences when compared with group of individuals who had received the last dose after more than 3 years ( P<0.05) and there was no significant statistical differences between groups with the period 3 - 10 and >10 years after the last dose. therfore, no evidence was found of neutralizing antibody against measles which decreased to nonprotective levels from neutralizing result after both vaccination and natural infection. In the second assay, sera were tested for measles specific IgG by ELISA result showed that 89% of all individuals who participated in the research were seropositive against measles, 7.7% equivocal and 3.3% had shown seronegative. The highest seroposivity was ( 94.7% ) among individuals with the lowest age group (6 - 10 years), and the lowest seroposivity (75 %) was among the oldest age group (26 - 30 years). In general all individuals participated in this study have shown IgG level 2080± 197.5 mIU/ml of the vaccinated groups. when compared with participants previously exposed to measles natural infection that was found (1949 ± 262.5mIU/ml) with no statistically significant . When individuals grouped according to the increased age , a marked decline in IgG levels were observed, resulting in different levels of protection against measles and suggested that supplementary vaccination might play a role in vaccinating population before measles outbreaks . In the third assay the prevalence of measles antibody by hemagglutination inhibition has been found that 60 participants of different age groups have detectable hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer using the titer(<1 : 8) as indicator of susceptibility .It was found that 53.6% and 73.6% of hemagglutination inhibition seroprevalence among vaccinated and those with previous to natural infection respectively . Hence again a marked decline in hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers was observed with the increasing age of participants in this study. Regarding neutralizing and IgG - ELISA antibody, the results of hemagglutination inhibition suggest that the seroconvesion after vaccination correlated with the protective levels against wild type among age group (6 - 15) years and most of the participants with (16 - 30) years age group have a low percentage of hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers, and these results may be due to the fact that individuals were born before the implementation of routine immunization against measles in 1985 and lived in the time of low vaccination coverage resulting in waning of antibody or lack of initial seroconversion. In comparison of different methods that have been used in this study to evaluate specific measles immune response, it was found that a good correlation between hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization test ( r=0.87 , P<0.01).With measles virus , hemagglutination inhibition was considered less sensitive than neutralization test . Also was found a good correlation between IgG - ELISA and neutralization assays ( r=0.93 , P<0.05). It has been concluded that the neutralization assay is considered the gold standard in measuring antibodies properly and most important in clinical protection. About the Zambian children were used in order to know the level of immunity required for measles elimination after administration with different measles virus vaccine strain .Fivity serum samples were available from Zambia children in prevaccination , 1 - 3 months after vaccination at 9 months of age ,and infected children with ages (76 ± 65 months ) . A modified plaque reduction neutralization assay was conducted to measure measles antibodies ,using wild type of Measles virus strain to infect veroSLAM cells , Plasma samples were tested in parallel with the International World Health Organization (WHO) Serum Standard and results were transformed into mIU/ml .The tests were conducted in Prof. Griffin lab. of the molecular microbiology and immunology department in John Hopkins School of public health. In the present study,Zambia infants vaccinated at 9 months of age have had passive antibody (79 mIU/ml) lower than the protective level (≥ 120 mIU/ml) and the presence of passive antibody at the time of vaccination continued to have high titers of antibody after one month ( 493 mIU/ml ) (P> 0.01) and three months (606 mIU/ml ) ( P<0.05) of measles vaccination above the protective level against measles infection ,while the antibody levels have reached to (3303 mIU/ml) ( P > 0.005) in children with natural infection, these results showed in agreement with the results of Iraqi children under 6 years of ages regarding the level of protection against the disease .

في نماذج عنق (HPV) التنميط الجيني للفيروسي الحليمي البشري الرحم لنساءعراقيات باستخدام تقنيتي الوقت الحقيقي - سلسلة تفاعل البلمرة والصفوف الجينية == Genotyping of Human Papillomavirus in a sample of Iraqi women with cervical abnormalities by using Real - Time PCR and Macroarray

Author name: حلى يونس فاضل السعدي
Supervisor name: ضحى سعد صالح | فيصل غازي ناصر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية التحري عن العلاقة بين اصابة الفيروس الحليمي البشري (HPV) وحالات الخلايا غير الطبيعية لعنق الرحم في النساء العراقيات. تضمنت الدراسة 122امراة لديهن اعراض سريرية لاصابة عنق الرحم, 110 امراة منهن تميزت بنمو الخلايا غير الطبيعية لعنق الرحم او السرطانية, حيث كان 40.9 % من تلك النساء كان لديهن اصابة بالفيروس الحليمي البشري, اما 12(16.7%) امراة المتبقية تميزت بنمو الخلايا الطبيعية لعنق الرحم بالرغم من وجود التهاب مزمن والتي جمعت خلال عام 2010. تضمنت مجموعة السيطرة 10 نساء والتي تميزت بغياب كل من التغيرات الخلوية, العلامات السريرية والاصابة بالفيروس الحليمي البشري. اظهرت نتائج مسحات عنق الرحم وجود نوعين من خلايا عنق الرحم غير الطبيعية هي : اصابة الخلايا الطلائية الداخلية الحرشفية قليلة الخطورة (LSIL) التي شملت 70% من حالات الاصابة بالفيروس, واصابة الخلايا الطلائية الداخلية الحرشفية عالية الخطورة (HSIL) التي شملت 26% من حالات الاصابة الايجابية. بينما 4% من مجموع الاصابة الكلية تمثلت بالنساء ذو الخلايا الطبيعية لعنق الرحم والالتهاب المزمن . هي الصفة المميزة للاصابة بالفيروس. تلك الصفة ترافقت مع 100% بوجودKoilocytosisالثاليل التناسلية الظاهرة للعيان و16.7% ترافقت مع الثاليل المستوية (غير الظاهرة). تشير دراسة الدنا الفيروسي باستعمال تجربتي سلسلة تفاعل البلمرة - الوقت الحقيقي(PCR Real­Time) والصفوف الجينية(MacroArrays) التي طبقت لاول مرة في العراق الى وجود الفيروس الحليمي البشري بنسبة 35.6% في كل المجاميع المدروسة. تشير النتائج الى وجود 17 نمط جيني مختلف للفيروس الحليمي البشري بين 47 امراة مصابة باستعمال تقنية الصفوف الجينية, اربعة عشر من هذه الانماط الجينية كانت من الانماط عالية الخطر والتي شكلت 82.35% من مجموع الانماط والانماط الجينية المتبقية كانت من الانماط قليلة الخطر والتي شكلت 17.56% من مجموع الانماط. دى النتائج المهمة للدراسة الحالية تشير الى وجود 10 انماط جينية مختلفة ربما سجلت للمرة الاولى في النساء العراقيات ( 31 - , 45 - , 51 - , 52 - , 53 - , 58 - , 59 - , 66 - , 68 - , 44 - HPV ). لنمط الجيني 16 - HPV هو السائد على الانماط الجينية السبعة عشر, شكل هذا النمط مع الانماط الجينية (59 - , 39 - , 66 - , 6 - HPV) الانماط الخمس الاكثر شيوعا في العينات الموجبة. كما اظهرت الدراسة بان النساء ذوات الخلايا الطبيعية لعنق الرحم والمصابة بالفيروس تحمل الانماط الجينية 16 - HPV و59 - HPV. كما شخصت سبعة انماط جينية مختلفة في عينات الثاليل التناسلية الظاهرة وهي (16 - , 6 - , 11 - , 39 - , 59 - , 66 - , 44 - HPV ). اشارت النتائج الى ان 32 (68.09%) من بين 47 امراة مصابة كانت لديهن الانماط عالية الخطر فقط, سواء كانت الاصابة بانماط مفردة او متعددة, بينما ثمان نساء (17.2%) كان لديهن الانماط عالية وقليلة الخطر سوية, وسبع نساء (14.89%) كان لديهن الانماط قليلة الخطر فقط. استعمل المجهر الالكتروني النافذ للتحري عن الجزيئات الفيروسية في عشر عينات موجبة للدنا الفيروسي وذو تغيرات خلوية مختلفة, حيث اظهرت النتائج وجود الجزيئات الفيروسية في ست عينات بمستويات مختلفة من المرضى واربع عينات لم تظهر جزيئات فيروسية. استخدمت تجربة التحول اللمفاوي لتقييم الحالة المناعية للمصابين. حيث وجدت نسبة التحول عالية في النساء ذوات الخلايا الطبيعية في عنق الرحم والمصابة بالفيروس (اصابة كامنة), بينما انخفضت نسبة التحول اللمفاوي في النساء ذوات الخلايا غير الطبيعية في عنق الرحم . امتلكت 40% تقريبا من حالات الثاليل التناسلية معدل عالي للتحفيز التكاثري للخلايا التائية عند مقارنتها بمجموعة السيطرة. اضافة الى ذلك كان التحفيز التكاثري للخلايا التائية مستقلا احصائية عن كل من نوع الاصابة, المحتوى الفيروسي والمجاميع العمرية. استخدمت تجربة تفاعل سلسلة البلمرة - الوقت الحقيقي للكشف عن الفيروس وكميته لثلاثة عشر نمط جيني الاكثر ترددا بين المستويات المختلفة للنمو غير الطبيعي للخلايا الطلائية لعنق الرحم في الحالات : قبل الاورام, الاورام والسيطرة الاصحاء(132 عينة). اظهرت نتائج فحص سلسلة البلمرة بان 35 حالة موجبة من 47 حالة اصابة فيروسية التي شملت 74.5% من مجموع الاصابات الكلية. بينما الحالات المتبقية (12 حالة ) التي مثلت 25.5% من مجمو الاصابات الكلية لم يكشف عنها بهذه التقنية. لذلك قدر عدد نسخ الدنا الفيروسي لاغلب الانواع الفيروسية عالية الخطرفي 33 عينة موجبة بمستويات مختلفة من التغيرات الخلوية وعينتين موجبتين ذوات خلايا طبيعية لعنق الرحم . توزع المحتوي الفيروسي ل 33 عينة اعلاه من 1×10 الى 9.4×106 نسخة /مل بمعدل (4.17×104 نسخة /مل). اما العينتين المتبقيتين كانتا خارج قيم المنحى القياسي لذا قدرت ب 5× 107 و1×109 نسخة /مل تقريبا. صنف المحتوى الفايروسي لل35 عينة اعلاه كالاتي : 46% من العينات كمحتوى فيروسي عالي, 34% كمحتوى فيروسي منخفض و20% كمحتوي فيروسي متوسط. استخدم اختبار الصفوف الجينية لفحص 68 عينة, 36 عينة منها كانت موجبة و32 عينة كانت سالبة باختبار سلسلة تفاعل البلمرة - الوقت الحقيقي. حيث وجدت الانماط الجينية عالية الخطر باستعمال هذه التقنية في (36/35) 97% من العينات الموجبة, بينما العينة المتبقية كانت سالبة لفحص الصفوف الجينية. كما وجدت الانماط الجينية قليلة الخطر وعالية الخطر المحتمل في تلك 35 عينة الموجبة والتي لم يكشف عنها فحص تفاعل سلسلة البلمرة - الوقت الحقيقي فهي الانماط (6 - , 11 - , 53 - , 66 - HPV). اما فيما يخص العينات السالبة في فحص تفاعل سلسلة البلمرة - الوقت الحقيقي حيث فحصت باستعمال اختبار الصفوف الجينية ووجدت الانماط الجينية في 12 عينة منها, الانماط هي : (44 - , 66 - , 53 - , 11 - , 6 - , 58 - , 39 - HPV). تبين مما تقدم بان فحص الصفوف الجينية يتحرى عن 8 انماط جينية لا يكشف عنها فحص تفاعل سلسلة البلمرة - الوقت الحقيقي, تلك الانماط شكلت 32.84% من تردد الانماط و33.33% من الحالات الموجبة التي تمتلك عدة انماط وهذا يعكس العامل المهم الذي يفضل فحص الصفوف الجينية في التحري عن الفيروس. لذا يبدو اختبار الصفوف الجينية طريقة دقيقة واكثر حساسية لكشف وتنميط اصابات الفيروس الحليمي البشري مقارنة مع فحص تفاعل سلسلة البلمرة - الوقت الحقيقي. | The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cytological abnormalities in Iraqi women. One hundred twenty two women were included in this study with a cervical infection. A sample of 110 women with abnormal cytology cervical dysplasia / cancer, 45 of which 40.9% had HPV infection and 12 (16.7%) women had chronic infection with normal cytology during 2010. A control group with 10 women of normal cytology and no HPV infection was included in study for comparison. Pap smear test results showed two types of cervical cytological abnormalities, low squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) which comprised of 70% of HPV positive cases, and high squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) which comprised of 26% of HPV positive cases. Whereas 4 % out of the total risk group was represented in women with normal cytology. Koilocytosis is pathognonomic for HPV infection. Furthermore, Koilocytosis was accompanied with 100% with genital wart presence and 16.7% was accompanied with flat wart presence. HPV - DNA studied using Real - Time PCR and MacroArray assay (GenoArray) which applied for the first time in Iraq indicates the presence of HPV - DNA in 35.6% of all tested groups. Results indicate the presence of 17 different HPV genotypes among 47 infected women by using macroarray technique. Fourteen of these HPV genotypes which comprised of 82.35% were high risk (HR - type) and 17.56% (3/17) were low risk (LR - type).One of the important results in the present study indicates the presence of ten different genotypes which may be recorded for first time in Iraqi women (HPV - 31, - 44, - 45, - 51, - 52, - 53, - 58, - 59, - 66 and - 68 types). Out of 17 genotypes HPV - 16 was the predominant one, this genotype together with genotypes 59, 6, 39 and 66 comprised of the five most common types detected in HPV positive cases. Moreover, percentage of HPV - 16, and - 59 were extended to involve women with normal cytology. Seven different genotypes - 6, - 11, 16, 59, - 39, - 66 and - 44 have been identified in genital wart specimens. Results indicated that 32 (68.09%) out of 47 infected women had HR type alone, whether single or multiple types, while eight women (17.02%) had HR types in association with LR types and seven women (14.89%) had LR type only. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used for viral particles detection from ten HPV DNA positive samples with different cytological changes. Results indicated the presence of viral particles in six samples with different grades of disease and four samples showed no viral particles. To evaluate the immune status of patients lymphocyte transformation assay was applied. Results indicated that transformed lymphocyte were found to be high in women with normal cytology which may have HPV as a latent infection, while they were decreased in women with abnormal cytology. Approximately 40% of genital wart cases have higher mean of proliferative T cell response when they were compared with control group. However, proliferative T cell responses were statistically independent on HPV infection type, viral load and aging group. Real - time PCR assay was employed for HPV detection and quantitation (viral load estimation) from the range of HR - HPV DNA 13 genotypes most frequently found in different grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical tumors and health controls from (132 samples). Results showed that out of 47 positive cases 35 cases can be detected by real - time PCR which comprised of 74.5%. Failures in detection by this technique included 12 cases which comprised of 25.5% of the positive samples. Therefore, viral DNA copies number for the most HR - HPV types in cervical samples was determined from 35 sample with low and high - grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I, II, III and Squamous Cell Carcinoma), and with normal cytology. However, the viral load of the 33 samples spread over a wide range from 1×10 to 9.4×106 copies/ml (mean 4.17×104 copies/ml). In addition, two samples were around the standard curve values as : approximately 5×107 and 1×109 copies/ml considered. Viral load was estimated approximately 46% constituted as high viral load, 34% as low viral load and 20% as slightly high viral load. Macroarray was applied in 68 samples, 36 of which were positive and 32 were negative by the real - time PCR test. High - risk genotypes were found in 35/36 (97%) real - time PCR positive samples, whereas remaining two samples were negative for HPV DNA (false - positive) by macroarray assay. The low - risk and probable high - risk (PHR) HPV genotypes were detected in the 35 HPV - positive samples which are not detected by real - time PCR included genotypes : HPV - 6 (in three samples), - 11, - 53 and - 66 (in two samples for each). HR, PHR and LR HPV genotypes were detected by macroarray in the 11/31 HPV - negative samples in real - time PCR which comprised of genotypes : - 39, - 58, - 66, - 11, - 6 and - 44. The GenoArray (GA) is capable of detecting 21 HPV multiple genotypes, including 8 types not detecting in real - time PCR. These types represented 32.84% of HPV types frequency and 33.33% of HPV positive cases had multiple types, this may reflect the important factor potentially favoring the GA for HPV detection. Therefore, the GA genotyping assay appears to be more accurate and sensitive technique for the detection and genotyping of HPV infections than real - time PCR one.

دراسة جزيئية ومناعية كيميائية لانسجة عنق الرحم المصابه بفايروس الورم الحليمي البشري == Molecular and Immunohistochemical Study of Uterine Cervical Tissues Infected with Human Papilloma Virus

Author name: الهام جواد كاظم بلال
Supervisor name: ازهار عمران لطيف الذهب
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus. It is the main etiological factor for progress of cervical precancerous and cancerous lesions. In order to develop a cancer from dysplasia to invasive carcinoma, a series of cellular changes should occur. As genital HPV carries oncogenes involving in these critical changes, currently HPV has been considered the most important risk factor of cervical cancer.This study was designed as case control study. In the retrospective part of these study a total number of (56) formalin - fixed, paraffin embedded cervical tissues was involved were submitted to ISH and IHC technique 27 with Cervical Carcinoma (CC) and 16 with benign cervical tumors. Thirteen (13) apparently healthy cervical tissues were used as a control group .The age of this individuals (patients and control groups) was ranged between 23 and 73 years. Samples collected from the pathological archives of different general hospital as well as many private laboratories. Specimens belong to the period from January 2009 to September 2015. After sectioning of these cervical biopsies and staining by hematoxyline and eosin, a final definitive histopathological diagnosis was done by a consultant histopathologist.In the cross - section part of this study seventy two female patients taken from different general hospitals. Cytological examinations were performed for their Pap - smeared and a final definitive cytopathological diagnosis was done by a consultant histopathologist. According to their main cytological finding cervical cellular scrapes were divided into three cytological groups : cervicitis with squamous intraepithelial lesions, cervicitis without squamous intraepithelial lesions and healthy group. The DNA isolated from a representative cytological specimen was investigated by real - tim PCR analysis for the detection and genotyping of high/risk HPV DNA.The obtained results are summarized as follows : - The age range distribution mostly in age group (23 - 73 years), the most affected age group in malignant and benign cervical tumor was (52 - 67) , (36 - 51) years which constituted 55.6%(15 out of 27 cases), 50% (8 out of 16 cases) with mean age (54 ± 11.22), (38.8 ± 9.85) respectively, while (20 - 35 years) is the most affected age group in control cases were constituting 53.8% (7 out of 13 cases) with mean age (35.5 ± 8.64 ) . - The most common histopathological type among all studied archived cervical tissues was squamous cell carcinoma (66.6%), followed by the adenocarcinoma (33.3%). - The well differentiated grade of CC constituted 52%, whereas those with moderately and poorly differentiated grades CC constituted 37%and 11% respectively. - The percentage of HrHPV31/33 DNA was detected as follows : in 55.6 % of tissues from cervical cancers, 43.7% in the tissues from benign cervical tumors, while, no HrHPV31/33 positive - ISH reaction was detected in healthy cervical tissues of the control group. - The percentage of LrHPV6/11 DNA was detected as follows : in 33.3 % of tissues from cervical cancers, 31.3% in the tissues from benign cervical tumors, while, the percentage of LrHPV6/11 show negative - ISH reaction in healthy control group of cervical tissues. - The highest positive result for ISH of HPV31/33 found in squamous cell carcinoma 72.2% and in adenocarcinoma was 22.2% while the percentage of HPV6/11detection according to cancer type was 50% found in squamous cell carcinoma while 0.0% in the type of adinocarcinoma. - The highest percentage of HPV31/33 detected in relation with tumor grade depending on the differentiated of cells was 70% (7 out of 10 cases) show in moderately differentiated, followed by 57.1% (8 out of 14 cases ) in well differentiated , and none of poorly differentiated showpositive signal . - The highest percentage of HPV6/11 detected in relation with tumor grade depending on the differentiated of cells was 42,9 % (6 out of 14 cases) show in well differentiated, followed by 30% (3 out of 10 cases ) in moderately differentiated , and none of poorly differentiated show positive signal . - The highest percentage of co - infection with High risk HPV31/33 and Low risk of HPV6/11 types was (22.2%) in malignant cervical tumor group. While in benign cervical tumor and healthy control was 18.8% and 0.0% respectively. - The highest percentage of HPV DNA detection by Rt - PCR was 80% (16 out of 20 cases) within group of cervicitis with SIL, 16.7% (5 out of 30 cases) in group of cervicitis without SIL, while none of control group shoes positive result. - Phylogenetic tree analysis image, results that local HPV amplicon(S1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20) show closed related to NCBI - Blast HPV type 16 (KMO58666.1), the local HPV isolates (S2, 4, 6, 11 and 19) show closed related to NCBI - Blast HPV type 18 (KC470225.1), whereas the local HPV isolates (S10 and 13) show closed related to NCBI - blast HPV type 33 (EU918766.1), the local HPV isolates (S8) show closed related to NCBI - Blast HPV type 45 (KC470260.1). - Retinoblastoma protein overexpression was detected by IHC test in 59.3% of malignant cervical tumors, 43.8% of benign cervical tumors but no signal was reported in the tissues of control group. In the malignant cervical tumors group, 43.6% has strong score (score III), whereas 37.5% and 18.8% has moderate score (score II) and low score (score I) respectively. While, in benign cervical tumor group, 57.1% were found tohave moderate score (score II) , 28.6% and 14.3% have strong score (score III) and low score (score I) respectively. - P16 protein overexpression was detected by IHC test in 63% of malignant cervical tumors, 56.3% of benign cervical tumors while none of positive result was reported in the tissues of control group. - The highest positive result for IHC of Rb and P16 according to cancer type was found in squamous cell carcinoma 61.1% and 72.2%, respectively, while there percentage in adenocarcinoma was 55.6% and 44.5%, respectively. - The highest percentage of Rb protein expression was found within poorly differentiated that have 100% (3 out of 3 cases) .Followed by 70% (7 out of 10 cases) and 42.9 % (6 out of 14 cases) within moderately and well differentiated respectively. - The highest percentage was 100 % (3 out of 3 cases), 64.3%(9 out of 14 cases), 50% (5 out of 10 cases) of cervical cancer tissues that showed IHC reaction for P16 protein have poorly, well and moderately differentiated respectively. - Among 22 cervical cancer tissues that showed infection with high oncogenic risk - HPV31/33 genotypes 100% and 77.3% have additional impact by P16 and Rb protein expression respectively. - Immunohistochemical examination of cervical tumor tissues for CD8+,CD16+ and CD20+ cell surface markers, revealed that CD8+cells the percentage of detection was 66.7% in cervical cancer group, 62.5% in benign cervical tumor group and 23.1% in control group. Also, CD16+ was detected in 29.6% of cervical cancer group, 31.3% of benign cervical tumor group and in 15.4% of control group. The CD20+ cells were detected in 44.4 % of cancer group, 43.8% of benign tumor group, and in 15.4 % of control group. - Among 22 cervical cancer tissues that showed infection with high oncogenic risk - HPV31/33 genotypes 77.3% have additional impact by CD8+ protein expression. Whereas 45.5%, 54.5% have additional impact of CD16+, CD20+ protein expression respectively

الكشف الجزيئي عن فايروس الجي سي وجينات البي ثلاثة وخمسون والشبكية الجيني والبتا - كتنين في المرضى المصابين بالاورام الغدية للقولون والمستقيم == MOLECULAR DETECTION OF JC VIRUS, P53, RETINOBLASTOMA GENES AND ? - CATENIN IN PATIENT WITH COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA

Author name: ابراهيم فاضل ابراهيم الدروبي
Supervisor name: فائزة عبد الله مخلص | بان عباس عبد المجيد
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تمهيد : يعود فايروس الجي سي الى عائله الفيروسة التوارمية. ينتشر الفايروس بين السكان وعلى نطاق واسع حول العالم. يحمل الفايروس جينة Ag T والتي لها القدره على التكوين السرطاني في الانسجة من خلال التفاعل مع المسارات التنظيمية المختلفه, ويمكن ان تتداخل مع التحكم في دوره الخلية واليات عدم الاستقرار الجيني.العلاقة بين فايروس الجي سي وسرطان القولون وسرطان المستقيم لايزال المنظر ينتضرالقرار النهائي.اهداف الدراسة : 1. تحد يد الدور المحتمل لفايروس الجي سي في سرطان القولون والمستقيم من خلال الكشف والتقدير الكمي لجينة التي وتحميل جينة الاكنوبروتين واظهار الحامض النووي الدي ان اي للفايروس في كل من الخزعات النسيجية السرطانية والطبيعية للقولون والمستقيم. 2. الكشف عن الايجابية المصلية من خلال فحص الاجسام المضادة للفايروس في مصول مجموعه البحث.3. تقدير الرابطة المحتملة بين فايروس الجي سي مع البيتاكاتانين وملاحظة قابلية الفايروس على كبح او تحديد عمل الجينات المشبطة للاورم البي خمسة وثلاثون والشبكية الجيني.طرق العمل : تم تصميم البحث كدراسة مستقبلية للسيطرة على الحالة وانطوت على اخذ الجزعات الطازجة لانسجة القولون والمستقيم من خلال تنظير القولون والمستقيم وقد شملت على 28 مريض مصاب بورم القولون والمستقيم الخبيث وثلاث وثلاثون مريض ممن لم يشخص لديهم ورم سرطاني قي القولون والمستقيم والذين راجعوا وحدة التنظير في مستشفى الاورام ومستشفى بغداد التعليمي ومستشفى اليرموك التعليمي خلال الفتره من حزيران 2013 ولغاية اذار2014. تم الكشف عن جينة فايروس الجي سي ( التي جين) والاكنوبروتين بواسطة جهاز تفاعل سلسلة البلمره وكذلك فحص الحامض النووي الدي ان اي لفايروس الجي سي من خلال التهجين الموقعي وكذلك تم الكشف عن الاجسام المصلية المضادة للفايروس بطريقة الاليزا. تم الكشف عن البيتا - كتنين وبروتين الشبكية الجيني بطريقة المعلمات المناعية والكشف عن البي خمسة وثلاثون بتقنية التهجين الموقعي الفلوري.النتائج• بالنسبة لمجموعة السرطان كان اعلى نسبة تردد للاصابة بورم القولون والمستقيم (35.71%) في المجموعة العمرية مابين 50 - 59 سنة. كان سرطان القولون والمستقيم اكثر شيوعا في الذكور منه في الاناث وبنسبة 1.8 : 1.• اضهر الفحص النسيجي ان النوع الاكثر شيوعا كان بنسبة 85.72% من نوع غدية غير ميوسينية.وان ورم القولون الاكثر شيوعا هو غدية متباينة بشكل معتدل (75%) بين درجات غدية ورم القولون والمستقيم• تم الكشف عن جينة الورم لفايروس الجي سي بطريقة الوقت الحقيقي لتفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل وسجل اعلى تردد للاصابة(57.1%) واعلى نسبة نسخ من الجين في مجموعة السرطان مقارنته بمجموعة السيطرة (27.3%) وكانت نتائج الحمل الفايروسي لمجموعة السرطان بمعدل416.93±217.77 نسخة/مايكروغرام اما مجموعة السيطرة فكانت بمعدل229.866±111.49 نسخ /ميكروغرام والتي اضهرت بدورها فرق كبير بين مجموعات الدراسة.• تم تشخيص جينة الاكنوبروتين لفايروس الجي سي بطريقة الوقت الحقيقي لتفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل في مجموعة السرطان وكانت النتسبة ( 53.6%) وهي اعلى من النسبة التي تم تشخيصها في مجموعة السيطرة والتي كانت (15.2%). الحمل الفايروسي في مجموعة السرطان كان بمعدل 317±129.12 نسخة/ مايكروغرام وهو اعلى من معدل الحمل الفايروسي في مجموعة السيطرة (152.94±10514) نسخة/ مايكروغرام .• وجد اتفاق كبير بين نتائج تشخيص جينة التي وجينة الاكنوبروتين بطريقة الوقت الحقيقي لتفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل لمجموعة السرطان ومجموعة السيطرة.• بطريقة التهجين الموقعي لل(دنا) لفيروس الجي سي, اضهرت النتائج ان 53.6% من مجموعة السرطان اضهرو نتائج موجبة لفايروس الجي سي . اما مجموعة السيطرة فاضهرت (30.3%). وكان الفروق ذات دلاله احصائية بين مجموعاتا لدراسة P<0.05 . تبين وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين مجموعات الدراسة بشان كثافة اشارة ونسبة الاصابة ونمط تورط (P <0.05)، في حين لا توجد فروق كبيرة عثر فيما يتعلق بالمشاركة غدي او اللحمية (P = 0.458)• لم يتم العثورعلاقة ذات دلالة احصائية عند مقارنة ال (دنا ) بواسطة التهجين الموقعي وفقا لدرجات ومواقع الورم.• وجد اتفاق كبير بين نتائج تشخيص جينة التي بطريقة الوقت الحقيقي لتفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل ونتائج التشخيص بطريقة التهجين الموقعي لل ( دنا) بين مجموعات الدراسة.• وجد اتفاق متوسط بين نتائج تشخيص جينة الاكنوبروتين بطريقة الوقت الحقيقي لتفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل ونتائج تشخيص فايروس الجي سي بطريقة التهجين الموقعي لل (دنا) بين مجموعات الدراسة.• فحص المضاد المناعي لفايروس الجي سي بطريقة الاليزا اضهرت وجود مضاد مناعي في 14/ 22(63.6%) مريض من مجموعة السرطان في حين وجد ان 15/28 (53.6%) من مجموعة السيطرة تحمل المضاد المناعي. (p=0.474) وجد توافق ضعيف بين نتائج تشخيص فايروس الجي سي بطريقة الوقت الحقيقي لتفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل ونتائج التهجين الموقعي لل (دنا) ونتائج فحص المضاد المناعي في مجموعات الدراسة.• تم الكشف عن توطين البتا كتنين في النووية بطريقة الفحص النسيجي المناعي الكيمياوي وكانت بنسبة12/28 ( 42.86%) من مجموعة السرطان، في حين لم يكشفت على تلطيخ نووي ايجابي في مجموعة السيطرة (P <0.05). لم يتم العثور على علاقة احصائية لا مع درجات الوروم ولا الى موقع الورم.• تم الكشف عن بروتين جينة الشبكية الجيني بتقنية الفحص النسيجي المناعي الكيمياوي.بالنسبة لمجموعة السرطان 10/28 (35.7%) اضهرت تلطيخ نووي ايجابي في حين ان 18/28 (64.3٪) كشفت عن تلطيخ نووي سلبي اما مجموعة السيطره فاضهرت(100%) تلطيخ ننووي ايجابي. لا اتفاق بين نتائج فحص جين الرتينوبلاستوما وجينة التي وجينة الاكنوبروتين وكذلك التهجين الموقعي لل (دنا) بين مجموعات الدراسة.• بطريقة التهجين الموقعي الفلوري تم الكشف عن التعبير الجيني للبي خمسة وثلاثون. فوجد ان خمسة حالات تم شطب موقع البي خمسة وثلاثون من كرومسوم رقم 17. ثلاث حالات وجدت فيها شطب كروموسوم 17 وحالة واحد وجد فيها خليط من شطب موقع البي خمسة وثلاثون وايضا شطب لكروموسوم رقم 17.الاستنتاجاتابرزت هذه الدراسة الدور المحتمل للفايروس الجي سي التي قد تشارك في طرق مختلفة في التسبب في سرطان القولون والمستقيم، والتي تتفق مع دراسات اخرى. على الرغم من هذه الادلة دور JCV في الاورام الخبيثة القولون والمستقيم وoncoproteins في تعزيز التحول لا يزال بعيدا عن الوضوح. | John Cunningham Virus (JCV) a member Polyomaviridae family is a type of human polyomavirus. It’s widespread virus detected in different populations throughout the world. JCV encodes for T - Ag which have oncogenic capability through interaction with different regulatory pathways and can interfere with cell cycle control and genomic instability mechanisms. The association between JCV and colorectal carcinoma still awaits the final conformation. Aims of study : 1. Determine the possible role of JCV in colorectal carcinoma by detection, quantification of T - Ag gene and agnoprotein gene load and demonstrating JCV DNA in both colorectal carcinoma and normal colonic tissue biopsies. 2. Detect the seropositivity of JCV antibodies among the study groups.3. Estimate the possible interaction of T - Ag with B - catenin and P53 and retinoblastoma tumor suppressor genes. Methods : This study was designed as prospective case - control study that involved fresh colonic tissue biopsies taken through colonoscopy from 28 patients with colorectal cancer and from 33 patients who did not have colorectal carcinoma attending to GIT endoscopic unit of Oncology Hospital, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, and Al - Yarmouk Teaching Hospital during the period from June 2013 to march 2014. JCV DNA was detected and quantified by real time PCR for T - Ag gene and agnoprotein genes. Using JCV bioprobe, chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) technique was used to detect JCV in tissue biopsies. Serological detection of JCV IgG antibodies was detected by ELISA. B - catenin and retinoblastoma protein products were detected by immunohistochemistry. Tumor suppressor gene P53 was detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization technique. Results : • Among the total 28 colorectal carcinoma cases, the highest frequency 10/28(35.7%) were detected in age group 50 - 59 years and its more frequent in male than female with ratio 1.8 : 1.• Histopathological finding revealed that 24(85.72%) cases were non mucinous adenocarcinoma and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma was more frequent 21/28 (75%) among grades of CRC.• JCV T - Ag was detected in 16 (57.1%) of CRC group and 9/33(27.3%) of control group, with viral load VL mean 416.93 ± 217.77 copy/µg for CRC group and 229.866 ± 111.49 copy/µg for the control group which in turn showed significant difference between the study groups• Agnoprotein gene was detected in 12/28 (42.9%) of CRC group with VL mean (317 ± 129.12) compared to 5/33 (15.2%) with VL mean (152.94 ± 105.14) in non CRC patient (p=0.016). • Substantial agreement was found between T Ag gene and agnoprotein gene by real time PCR for both CRC group K=0.72 and control group K=0.784.• Using chromogenic in situ hybridization technique JCV DNA was detected in 15/28(53.6%) of CRC compared to 10/33(30.3%) in control group (p=0.065). Significant differences were detected comparing the percentage of JCV DNA in study groups according to intensity, score and signal pattern of involvement (p<0.05).• Substantial agreement was found between T Ag by qPCR and JCV DNA by CISH among the study groups. Moderate agreement was found between JCV agnoprotein gene by qPCR and JCV DNA by CISH among the study groups. • Serological detection of JCV antibodies by ELISA revealed 14/22 (63.6%), 15/28 (53.6%) of CRC group and control group showed positive results respectively. (p=0.474). Poor agreement was found between (T Ag by real time PCR and by CISH) and JCV antibodies by ELISA in the study groups.• Nuclear localization of B - catenin was detected by immunohistochemistry in 12/28(42.86%) of CRC groups, while none of the control group revealed positive nuclear staining (p<0.05). No significant associations found neither to grades nor to the site of tumor.• Retinoblastoma protein was detected by IHC. Only ten out of 28 (35.7%) showed positive nuclear staining, 18/28 (64.3%) of CRC revealed negative nuclear staining. All control group showed positive nuclear staining (p=0.000). No agreement was found between Rb protein and JCV T Ag, agnoprotein gene and JCV DNA by CISH among study groups.• P53 deletion was detected using FISH technique. Five cases out of 25 were with deleted p53 region, 3/25 were with deleted whole chromosome 17, and 1/25 revealed combination signals of deleted p53 region and deleted whole chromosome 17. The results were invalid for statistical analysis.Conclusion : This study highlighted the possible role of JCV which might participate in different ways in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma, which in agreement with other studies. Despite these evidences the role of JCV in colorectal malignancies and its oncoproteins in promoting transformation is still far from clear

التنميط الجيني لفايروس التهاب الكبد نوع اي لمرضى الاصابة الحادة في محافظة المثنى - العراق == Genotyping of Hepatitis E Virus Among Patients With Acute Infection In Al - Muthanna Province / Iraq

Author name: ازهار صبري مسلم الذهبي
Supervisor name: رغد حربي مهدي العزاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection is found worldwide. It is responsible for large outbreaks in East and South Asia. This study was carried out to identify the distribution of acute HEV infection in AlMuthanna province and then determine the genotypes responsible for the disease spreading. This is the first investigation about the occurrence of hepatitis E genotypes in Al - Muthanna province patients. The study included 270 jaundiced patients of both sexes From AlMuthanna province which included out patients in public health laboratory in Samawah city, for the period from October 2013 to June 2014. All these patients were tested for anti - HEV IgM antibodies by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In Al - Muthanna province, 72 patients (26.66 %) out of 270 patients showed positive results for anti - HEV IgM antibodies, and all those patients were tested for confirmatory test at central public health laboratories (CPHL) in Baghdad province. Those patients consist of 45 females and 27 males with age ranged between (4 - 74) years old, were all negative for routinely screened markers of Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C, Ten normal healthy individuals, used as normal control in this study. This study showed that the HEV IgM is more common among younger age group (15 - 24), with a percentage of) 41.67%(, and it was higher in females (63%) than in males (37%). Highly significant differences (p ? 0.01) appeared among age groups. The levels of liver function enzymes demonstrated significant differences (p ? 0.05) in HEV patients as compared with healthy controls. The levels of Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) were (23.41 ± 12.38) mg/dl, Serum Aspartate transaminase (SAST) were (887.17 ± 9.87) U/l, Serum Alanine transaminase (SALT) were (859.91 ± 13.28) U/l, and the levels of Serum Alkaline phosphatase (SALP) were (206.56 ± 5.04) U/l higher than healthy controls (0.884 ± 0.05) mg/dl, (37.27 ± 4.58) U/l, (34.14 ± 7.63) U/l, (48.09 ± 15.42) U/l respectively. RNA was extracted from sera of positive anti - HEV IgM antibodies by using a QIAamp® Viral RNA Mini Kit. Nanodrop and Quantus™ Fluorometer instruments were used to determine the RNA yield and purity according to the standard kit protocol. High levels of RNA concentration were measured by Nanodrop and Quantus™ Fluorometer. Forty - six samples have high RNA concentration out of 72 samples were detected for genotypes I, III & IV by using Applied Biosystems Real time PCR 7500 machine. In this study, HEV type I and III were detected in 23 samples out of 46 samples by using Real Time PCR systems. Ten samples were positive for this test. Thirteen samples (56.52%) were negative for this test. The distribution percentage of genotypes I and III was (43.48%). The results appeared significant difference (P ? 0.05). Also by using the same technique (Real time PCR systems) the HEV type IV was detected in 23 samples out of 46 samples. Which included, 13 samples that recorded negative results by I & III genotypes kit and only 2 samples from it recorded positive results and 11 samples recorded negative result for HEV genotype IV. From other 10 samples, only 3 samples recorded positive result and 7 samples recorded negative result for HEV genotype IV. In a total, 5 samples were positive for HEV genotype IV and 18 samples (78.26%) were negative. So that the distribution percentage of genotype IV was (21.74%). In this study, the samples that showed negative results in both kits have not been tested for other genotypes. This study indicated that the acute HEV infection is highly endemic in Al - Muthanna province in Iraq. Genotypes I & III were the most distribution than genotype IV in patients from Al - Muthanna province in Iraq. These results suggest that the genotypes I & III are the main causative agents of sporadic HEV infection in Al - Muthanna province

تقييم وعزل فيروس الانفلونزا للانسان ودراسة الاستجابة المناعية في الجرذان التجريبية == Evaluation And Isolation of Human Influenza Virus And Studying Their Immune Response In Experimental Rats

Author name: فاديه مهدي مسلم العبيدي
Supervisor name: عبد المجيد عبد الله السعدي | يونس عبد الرضا الخفاجي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: This study has been conducted for the first time in Najaf / Iraq, and the study included the preparation of a local inactivated vaccine (whole and subunit).The number of cases infected with seasonal influenza virus were 647 cases out of one thousand suspected case. They were distributed into eleven groups. Seasonal influenza virus was detected by two diagnostic methods (rapid test device and real time PCR).The present study has reflected that the most diagnosed cases infected with seasonal influenza virus during the period extended from March 26, 2012 up to April 30, 2013 represented by were type A (H3N2) (283) cases. Whereas H1N1 (148) cases, H3N2+H1N1, (56) cases, H1N1 + H3N2 + B were (30) cases and 130 cases were infected with type B.Current study also revealed that age group of 46 - 60 years old infected with seasonal influenza virus were (159) case including (368) male and females were (279) of different infected group..The spread of seasonal influenza virus in Najaf varies from one region to another depending on the population density. Clinical cases were collected randomly during the months of the year. It has been found that the spread of disease has something to do with temperature and humidity as high humidity and low temperature lead to increased spread of the disease because of their relationship at the stage of the spread of epidemic influenza that spread from Dec 26, 2012 and up to April 1, 2013 in addition to expatriates infected..Two techniques were used for isolation of seasonal influenza virus first inoculation of embryonated chicken egg and secondly chicken fibroblast cell culture.It was found that at the embryonated egg lethal dosage (ELD 50 / 0.5 ml) (109.6) whereas tissue culture infective dosage (TCID50 / 0.1 ml) was (109.3) of (H1N1+ H3N2) and type (B) virus..Virus was purified by two ways that are depending on the vaccine type. The gamma irradiation that dosage used for inactivating vaccine of the purified virus which was extracted from allantoic fluid and tissue culture was (5.702) mSv/h for subunit virus vaccine type whereas gamma irradiation dosage for complete (whole) virus vaccine was (8.816) mSv/h. The results proved that immunoglobulins (IgM, IgA and IgG) levels as well as (IL - 17, IL - 10 and INF - 1?) indicated significant differences among vaccinated, infected and control groups.Subunit and whole virus vaccine extracted from chicken fibroblast cell culture are considered the best of derived from virus propagated in embryonated chicken eggs.Subunit virus vaccine is better than the whole virus vaccine derived from virus propagated in embryonated chicken eggs and extracted from chicken fibroblast cell culture.The current study also reflected that locally prepared virus subunit vaccine and purified whole virus killed vaccine capable of inducing humoral and cellular immune response in experimentally vaccinated rats..Histopathological changes appeared clearly on tissue sections (lung, trachea, heart, liver, spleen, kidney) of the infected group as compared with control and the vaccinated groups.

دور الفيروس المضخم للخلايا CMV في مرضى التهاب الكبد الفيروسي ذاتي المناعة في حالات التهاب الكبد المزمن نمط B == The Role of CMV In Autoimmune Hepatitis Among Chronic Cases of Hbv

Author name: هـدى جميل باقر الخلخالي
Supervisor name: محمد عبود محسن | محمد عبد كاظم السعدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تشخيص التهاب الكبد الفايروسي نمط (ب) وتشخيص التهاب الكبد ذاتي المناعة في المرضى المصابين بالتهاب الكبد.ودور الاصابة بالفايروس المضخم للخلايا البشرية CMV في حث التهاب الكبد ذاتي المناعة.من مجموع 360 حالة مشبه بها جمعت من مستشفى ال | This study aimed to investigate the existence of hepatitis B virus and autoimmune hepatitis in hepatitis B patients as well as to detect the role of cytomegalovirus in the induction of AIH disease. A total of 360 suspected cases were collected from Center Health laboratory/Al - Hakeem Hospital, and AL - Sadder medical city in AL - Najaf city, during the period from January (2013) to August (2013). Only 76 were seropositive hepatitis B (55 males and 21 females with age ranging 11 - 72 years).In addition, 15 healthy individuals without any evidence of chronic inflammatory disease were depended on the control group, age ranging 21 - 50 years.Blood samples were collected from patients and healthy controls were tested for HBsAg and Anti - HBc Ab using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique to investigate hepatitis B seropositive and chronic hepatitis B respectively. For investigated AIH disease was performed depending on the Line Immune Assay technique. While for detection CMV were initially identified by serological technique (ELISA, MiniVIDAS) to detect anti - CMV IgM and anti - CMV IgG; then confirmed employment molecular technique using Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for the detection the presence of DNA of CMV. Samples were collected from patients and control to estimation immunological level (C3, C4, IL - 10 & TFN - ?) by using ELISA and radial immunodiffusion method.The results showed that 76 HBsAg seropositive in all age groups but the age group 44 - 54 year revealed high significance (p<0.05) than other age groups. While 35 out of 76 seropositive with HBc Ab, the age group 55 - 65 years showed high significance (p<0.05) than other age groups, and males more infection than females. The result also revealed that the AIH disease was 5 out of 76 patients infected with Type 1 AIH. Included 2(40%) have demonstrated the infection HBsAg positive with reactivation CMV While 3(60%) infected with HBsAg only.The results showed that 68 out of the 76 samples were positive for anti - CMV IgG antibodies, and 4(5.26%) samples were positive for anti - CMV IgM. While the MiniVIDAS test results showed 73 out of the 76 samples was positive for anti - CMV IgG antibodies. 2(2.6%) were positive for anti - CMV IgM antibodies. The results of the Real - Time PCR revealed that DNA of CMV were detected in 23 out of 76 patients were found in all age groups with viral loads ranging from (0.24 - 1730000) Copies/ml, and the results of controls group in Real - Time PCR were CMV negative. The results of cytokines (TNF - ?) showed a high significance (P<0.05) elevation in the serum of all patients than control (419.3 ± 27.8) pg/ml, and the results that AIH showed increase in cytokine level was (1218.2±44) pg/ml than other patients. Whereas chronic hepatitis B patients recorded high significance (P<0.05) in level (IL - 10) was (901.5±22.2) pg/ml than other patients and control (373 ±30.3) pg/ml. According to sex no - significance difference between males and females in results of cytokines profile (IL - 10, TNF?). Complement fraction C3 decreased in all patients compared to those healthy control, while the AIH patient recorded high significance (P<0.05) 142.2±8 mg/dI than the other patients. In regard to C4 was revealed normal level in all patients compared with control groups while in the AIH revealed high significance (P<0.05) was 41.7±5.1 mg/dI compared with other patients and no - significance difference (P<0.0) between males and females in level of C3and C4.The overall finding results showed that the activation cytomegalovirus with hepatitis B virus Contribute to the induction of AIH and cause immune suppressor for them by increase and decrease many immune factors.

التحري عن بعض المؤشرات المناعية وارتفاع نسبة وجود الفيروس HCMV في المرضى المصابين بالفشل الكلوي == Assessment of Some Immunological Markers And Viral Load For Hcmv In Patients With Renal Failure

Author name: احمد جاسم شوالة الخويلدي
Supervisor name: مهدي حسين محيل العمار | زياد متعب الخزاعي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة على 150 مريضا الراقدين في مستشفى الصدرالتعليمي ومستشفى الحكيم (قسم الكلى) في محافظة النجف خلال الفترة الممتدة من كانون الاول 2012 الى شهر اب 2013. وكان الغرض من هذه الدراسة بيان علاقة الفيروس المضخم للخلايا بمرض الفشل الكلوي، تراوحت اعما | This study was carried out on 150 renal failure patients, who were admitted to the kidney department in AL - Sadder Medical City and Al - Hakeem hospital in AL - Najaf governorate during the period from December 2012 to August, 2013. Subjects of this study were Investigated for the role of Cytomegalovirus among them, their age ranged between (1 - 88) years. Twenty four (age - and sex - matched) healthy individuals without any evidence of chronic inflammatory disease depended as control. All patients and control divided in four age groups. Blood and urine samples were collected from patients and control for immunological (IgM, IgG, C3, C4, IL - 6, IL - 10, IL - 12 & IFN - ?) by using ELISA and molecular study by RT - PCR, respectively. The obtained results showed that HCMV - IgG antibody was 100% for all cases, while IgM was 18.66% compared with that of control. Real time - PCR amplification for presence of HCMV DNA in urine samples revealed that HCMV genome were detected in 22(14.66%) of the 150 urine samples in all age groups, that distributed into 12(21.05%) with viral load ranged (20 - 543840) Copy/ml in females and 10 (10.75%) with viral load ranged (40 - 28050) Copy/ml for males. The results of cytokines profile showed a highly significant(P<0.05) elevation in patients than control. According to sex females appeared higher IFN - ?, IL - 6, IL - 10 ( 83.86, 82.67, 9.06 pg/ml, respetively) than males were (76.57 , 79.36, 6.51 pg/ml, respectively). Where's IL - 12 were recorded higher elevation in male (28.83 pg/ml ) than females (27.35 pg/ml). According to age groups 41 - 60 age group showed high level in IFN - ?, IL - 6, IL - 10 were (96.45, 90.40, 9.62) pg/ml , respectively.While IL - 12 appeared high level (37.43 pg/ml ) in age group 1 - 20 years Complement fractions C3, C4 decreased in all groups of patients compared to those of a healthy control. C3 was recorded (64.37 mg/dl) in females, and (70.24 mg/dl) in males and decreased to (63.41 mg/dl) in age group (1 - 20) years, while C4 decreased significantly among sex it was (21.06 mg/dl) in females and(24.22 mg/dl) in males, and down to (21.65 mg/dl) in age group (21 - 40) years.The overall finding results showed that HCMV are more prevalence among chronic renal failure patients and cause immune suppressor for them by increase and decrease many immune factors.
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