المصادر:

تجارة الرقيق في شرق افريقيا والخليج العربي (1820 - 1914) == The Slave Trade In East Africa And The Arabian Gulf 1820 - 1914

اسم المؤلف: فادية جمعة اسماعيل العبادي

اسم المشرف: احمد عبد الواحد عبد النبي الحلفي

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Slavery knew since ancient times, its age estimated as long as history, its treatment varied from people to another, and Islam came and found slavery vested in the social and economic entity, it did not canceled at once, but rather sought to drain its resources and the expansion of its banks, and slavery was known in the African continent, which was spending the each other, and the Arabs knew the African slavery and traded it on a small scale, but the expansion of trade is done by Europeans in the modern ages through their geographically discovery which leads them to the African continent , so they have to trade slavery for four centuries, and the slave trade increased after the discovery of America.The West worked in the slave trade in West Africa, while the Arabs worked in the east of the continent, and what increased the Arab needs at the beginning of the 19th century is to plant the cloves trees and the increased need to the working labor, and the Arabs used the internal roads to get to the center of the continent and bring slave to the coastal areas in the east of Africa, Zanzibar became the main center of the slave trade, and then transferred it to the Arabic Gulf.Britain tried to prohibit that trade Olive to human causes, while the prohibition not for that reason as it says, but to extend its control and influence over the region, and to protect its economic and political interests, as well as to fight the French influence and to prevent its spread in the Arabic Gulf and East Africa, and to hit and weaken the Omani coast tribes and weaken the denominators, and dismantling of the African - Arab sultanate. In spite of the Britain procedures to prevent the slave trade and the abolition of slavery later, but the trade continued until the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, but there are documents that confirm the continuation of trade until the forties of the 20th century through smuggling.And required nature of the subject is divided into an introduction and preliminary and four chapters and a conclusion, according to historical research methodology, turning in the boot to the definition of slavery and the historical dimension of slavery, servitude, slave conditions and their treatment, and enslavement methods. The first chapter it has meant the impact of geographic interdependence between East Africa and the Arabian Gulf and its role in the development of trade between them, and the impact of geographic explorations in the European slave trade, chapter II focused on the role of Zanzibar in the growth of the slave trade and its role as a Center for the slave trade between the Interior of the continent's coastal and Gulf sources. internal and external trade and slave track, markets, prices, and the volume of the slave trade , And economic viability, as well as the work of slaves, and the role of the Indian community in the slave trade, The third chapter was devoted to the study of British policy in the fight against the slave trade in the Arabian Gulf and East Africa in the first half of the nineteenth century. And the fourth and final chapter of Britain's role in the total abolition of the slave trade and slavery in the second half of the th century.

الملخص:

المصادر:

فؤاد سراج الدين ودوره في السياسة المصرية حتى عام 1952 == Fouad Saraj Aldeen And His Role In The Egyptian Policy Until 1952 (A Historical Study)

اسم المؤلف: ضحى عادل سلمان

اسم المشرف: سميرة عبد الرزاق عبد الله العاني

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The study of figures has obtained and still obtains an increasing importance by the researchers of modern and contemporary history. The history of Egypt is full of the examples of notable figures that has effected and left imprints in history. The purpose of this study is to know one of these historical figures by subjecting it to an objective study and historical investigation so that we know their effect, negative or positive, and we can then evaluate it. Also, the study aims to reveal the unknown facts about it and its relation to the relation to the development of the historical facts so that we can understand the course. The figure of Fouad Seraj Aldeen appealed to me for his aspiration and political wisdom and his assumption of many positions in early age. He is regarded the youngest minister in the modern history of Egypt. He became the secretary general of the Delegate Party and the controlling power after Al - Nahhas in taking decision. Seraj Aldeen was one of the most important Egyptian politicians in the last decade of the monarchy. Form that fact we set on to choose Fouad Seraj Aldeen and his role in Egyptian policy until 1952 an attempt to evaluate his role scientifically stressing the scientific neutrality.The historical events required to the division of the thesis into four chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by an introduction which includes the most important findings of the study. Chapter One is devoted to study the life of Fouad Seraj Aldeen including his birthdate in 1910, his social belonging to a landowner class and its relation to the royal family of King Fouad. Chapter Two tackles the political role of Fouad Seraj Aldeen since 1942 until 1944 for closeness of Al - Nahhas the role in convincing him to return to Cairo, and the formation of his fourth cabinet in February 1942 in which he occupied the ministry of agriculture.Chapter Three studies the political role since 1945 until the resignation of Hussein Seri in 1949 when the opposition media tried defamed and his attempt to approximate to Britain 1945 - 1946. Chapter Four tackles the activity of Fouad Seraj Aldeen in 1950 until the year 1952 and his role in the role in the triumph in the elections of 1950. The research ends up with a conclusion which includes the most important findings of the study which are : 1 - The year 1948 was a golden year for Fouad Seraj Aldeen as he managed to become the secretariat - general of the Wafid Party in spite of his young age. He endured great tasks at the same time this position found enemies for him inside the Wafid Party who accused him of corruption and the exploitation of his power. 2 - Fouad Seraj Aldeen is a distinguished member of the Senate when he was the cleverest and brilliant opponent Senates. He recorded noteworthy attitudes as he expressed the opinion of his party in the best manner possible due to his rigid attitudes.

الملخص:

المصادر:

ابرز احداث الحروب الصليبية بين مؤرخيها المعاصرين العرب واللاتين : دراسة نقدية مقارنة (489 - 895هـ/ 1095 - 1489م) == The Most Outstanding Events Of The Crusader Wars Between The Contemporary Arab And Latin Historians (A Comparative Critical Study 489 - 895 A.H./ 1095 - 1489Ac)

اسم المؤلف: شروق مجيد محيبس السراج

اسم المشرف: عباس عبد الستار عبد القادر الزهاوي

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: This thesis deals with the most outstanding events of the crusader wars between the contemporary arable and Latin historians (a comparative critical study, an image that is governed in two opposite views, an Islamic view towards a Latin topic of the crusader wars, by all its events and consequences. These are the topics of our thesis from the beginning of the Crusades and the results it comes up with. The thesis concludes that in spite of the difference of the two views, there are many agreements and similarities that led to the signing of conventions and between the two parties, and also led to attitudes that were governed by tolerance like the attitude of Salah Alden Al - Ayubi towards the residents of Jerusalem when liberated it from the Crusader control, and how he treated the Crusader prince who were captured in Haotin Battle. Also, a notable example was how Al - Kamil Al - Ayubi, sultan of Egypt, treated the emperor Fredriech II. There was a friendly relationship at the hands of the Crusades. The thesis also concludes through some of the Latin historians that there were admiration and praise as a result of following the policy of tolerance and pardon as well as recognition of their knighthood and heroism like the case of EmadAldinZenki and his son Nor - Aldin Mahmoud and Salah Aldin. The research proves that failure which afflicted the mogul - Crusade against Muslims, especially in the Levant and Egypt, had reasons and consequences the most importance reason was the solidarity and coherence among the Muslim factions for the reason of evacuate the Holy Lands for any foreign existence. It shows that the divisions among the Crusaders princes, monarchs and knights, especially the English and the French, and the French and Germans, were not divisions because of competition and the capturing of authority, but mostly due to the feeling in Europe in general and in Papal feeling that those monarchs and princes do not serve the Crusader and the Cross cause, but they were out of the papal claim that they were out of law. Therefore, the Pope made a decree to excommunicate the German Emperor Friedrish II. Also, the weakness form which the crusaders suffer becomes clear when the sought support by the Moguls. But the Crusaders were not united in that alliance with the Moguls. Antakya allied with them and some refused the alliance as in Akka. The research concludes that the Muslim husotrianswere not neutral and objective in dealing with the Crusader leaders and they were described as ‘damned and outlaws’ and ‘heretics who worship the trinity.’ Many of the historians did not mention the name of the king but they only mention the title like ‘the Prince,’ ‘the King’ or the Emperor’ and the like. The study concludes that the mutual civilizational effects between the Muslim east and the Latin west were one - sided which resulted in the future European Renaissance that includes all the intellectual, military and social fields. The civilizational sharing which happened after warring and aggressing andhostility made the Europeans recognize not only their defeat but also they acknowledged the crimes which they had committed. Finally, this thesis is like a work that contributeswith other researches and studies about the Crusader movement as a suitable place, before the judges of history, for the disasters and pains it caused and has left behind.

الملخص:

المصادر:

اسم المؤلف: سارة عبد الكاظم جواد

اسم المشرف: اسراء شريف الكعود

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

الملخص:

المصادر:

العلاقات السياسية المصرية - الايطالية 1922 - 1943 == The Egyptian - Italian Political Relations (1922 - 1943)

اسم المؤلف: زينب خالد حسين

اسم المشرف: عبد المجيد كامل عبد اللطيف التكريتي

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Egypt over its history did not witness isolation and always retained relations with most countries, many factors helped her to do so, it has got advantages by virtue of its geographical location and its supervision on the trade route between East and West, and the supervision in the modern era on the main maritime artery of world trade, i.e., the Suez Canal. Italy was one of the countries that Egypt have been associated with close relations, those relationships characterized with some features, comes in the forefront, the old age of those relations, which had grown significantly in the nineteenth century and then consolidated in the reign of Khedive Ismail, especially after he took refuge to Italy when he was forced to abdicate the throne. The relations evolved steadily in the reigns of King Ahmed Fouad I and his son Farouk, for both were pro - Italian. The Italy's aspiration of colonizing Libya, Egypt's western neighbor, has founded a new area of relations between the two countries. In addition to that Egypt embraced a large Italian community.The subject of international relations considers one of the most important historical subjects because it studies the history of nations that will not be done without knowing the nature of the foreign relations of any nation and what had been exposed to of external influences. The subject of Egyptian - Italian's Political Relations 1922 - 1943, comes as an update to a series of studies on Foreign Relations of the Arab countries and Egypt as the largest Arab country and has a long and majestic history, should her foreign relations be studied, particularly with Italy the European country that has historical ties with the Arab world.The reasons which made me choose this theme and confine with this period in particular, goes back first to its historical significance both politically and militarily, and secondly that the topic of Egyptian - Italian political relations has not been researched in a comprehensive and detailed in any academic study or history book, whether in Iraq or Egypt. Thirdly the study attempts to verify the veracity of Axis powers' allegations in liberation of the Arab region in North Africa from British and French colonialism.Basing on these assumptive data, and on my readings in documents in question and its direct sources in the National Archives House in Cairo and the Middle East Center at the University of Ain Shams, I managed to collect material of this study.The thesis is divided into an introduction, five chapters and a conclusion.The first chapter Egyptian - Italian Relations 1901 - 1922, is divided into two sections, the first deals with relation during the Italian occupation of Libya 1901 - 1914, while the second examines the impact of the First World War on the Egyptian - Italian relations 1914 - 1922.Chapter II highlights the evolution of the Egyptian - Italian Political Relations 1922 - 1933. The chapter includes three sections, the first discusses the impact of the Statement of February 28th, 1922 on development of diplomatic relations between Egypt and Italy. The second section discusses the fascist government's attitude towards the Egyptian national movement and the Italian community in Egypt from 1922 to 1933. The third section tackles the issue of the fascist government backing the economic activity in Egypt and its impact on the consolidation of the Egyptian - Italian political relations.The third chapter focuses on the problem of western borders of Egypt in period of 1922 - 1933, the chapter is divided into three sections, the first looking in the Italian ambitions in the western borders of Egypt until 1925. The second section deals with the Egyptian - Italian relations under disagreements about Jaghbub Oasis 1925. Third section examines the issue of talks on resolving the Jaghbub Oasis.Chapter IV "Italian occupation of Ethiopia and its impact on the Egyptian - Italian relations 1935 - 1936", is divided into two sections, the first section deals with the Egyptian attitude towards the Italian occupation of Ethiopia in 1936, and the second sheds lights on the Egyptian - Italian political relations in 1936.Chapter V "The Evolution of the Egyptian - Italian Relations 1937 - 1946", divided into three sections, the first discusses the abolition of foreign privileges on Egypt in 1937 and Italy's attitude towards them. The second section researches the Egyptian attitude towards the British - Italian agreement in 1938. While the Third studies the impact of World War II on the Egyptian - Italian political relations 1939 - 1943.Britain was the axis point around which the political relations between Egypt and Italy spun, as long as Egypt wanted to get rid of British hegemony, found in Italy hope that can be supported in her just cause. However, Italy was trying to put pressure on Britain in a political game in order to obtain further gains in East, found in Egypt her long seeking goal. Sometimes declares her full support to the Egyptians independence and at other times acquires part of its territory, by exploiting Britain in order to take an attitude with or against her in the expected open war. Thus, the Italian - Egyptian political relations were in ebb and flow in accordance with the developments of political events between the two great powers, Britain and Italy.The thesis depends on a variety of sources documents come in the forefront, including unpublished documents preserved in the National Archives House in Cairo. As will as the unpublished documents in the National Archives House in Baghdad, which are the files of Iraqi Commission in Cairo and reports of the Iraqi Commission in Rome. Beside the files of the Iraqi Foreign Ministry reserved in the ministry archives in the form of sequential boxes, contained most of the reports of political, economic and social developments. In addition to the documents of British Foreign Office, which I managed to obtained from the Middle East Center at the University of Ain Shams. The thesis is also based on a set of published documents, comes in the forefront the House of Representatives' Proceedings that saved in the Egyptian National Archives House in Cairo.

الملخص:

المصادر:

الاسر الفارسية واثرها الفكري على الحضارة الاسلامية في العصور العباسية 132 - 656هـ/ 750 - 1258م == Persian Familes And Intell Ellectual Impact Boil Islamic Civilization In Abbasid Times (123 - 656 H.D/750 - 1258 A.D)

اسم المؤلف: رؤى رعد علي السامرائي

اسم المشرف: بهجة علي محمد

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: We reviewed our tagged (Persian Families intellectual impact on Islamic civilization in Abbasid times (123 - 656 h/750 - 1258 A.d) cultural links that existed between arabs and Persians that were the cause of intellectual exchanges amongciuilization and study contains preliminary to the era in which the Persian Families lived and how they have evolved Cultural life and its evolution the most important intellectual center that were prevalentin that era and then divided the study into three Chapter of the first Chapter Contains Three detectives First section dealt with geographical of Persia and Persain Families said by al Phabet and al - as Frini Family and al - bayhaqi Family and al - Baramkeh Family and al - Jouini Family and al - roiani Family and al - Sarkhasi Family and the Second Section contains al - Samaani Family and al - Shhami Family and al - Shirazi Family and al - Sabone Family and al - Saedi Family and al - Kiahrasi Family and al - qushayri Family. The Third Section wich Included al - Kraei Family and al - Ikaei Family and al - Monagm Family and al - Mazaki Family and al - Masergsi Family and Naubakht Family and al - Nashi Family and al - Nesabori Family. The Second Chapter has Included the Impact of Intellectual Families Parsianin Science Transport , it is divided in two Sections Contained The First Section The Impact of Persian Families in religious Sciences such as tafsir and Hadith and figh. Either the Second contained Contributions Frome Families in literary Sciences such as Poetry and literature and rhetoric. The Third Chapter of the intellectual impact of Persian Families in mentalscience and ensure that Chapter three detectives. The First Section contains the intellectual of Persian Families in medical Science and mathematic and Chemistry. Tither the Second Section contained Following Persian Families Teach Tricks and astronomy and astrology and science of Translation. The Third Section has included intellectual impact in the Persian Families in the Theology and Science of music and The Science of history, And our studies on this subject have reached several outcomes : 1. There were several factors helped development of intellectual life in Abbasid Baghdad especially being the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate became the place for prosperity of the scientific movement which led to attract large numbers of scholars of Persia, left a clear imprint on the March and the most important of these factors the spread of Islam and evolution of translation movement As well as the political situation that prevailed this time and the emergence of independent principalities and sponsoring science and scientific centres have a major cultural role in the prosperity of the Abbasid era.2. The study highlights the geographical location of Persia as Persia enjoyed an important geographical location which is part of the Islamic Orient and Persia and especially by Europeans of the Islamic Orient.3. He was a Persian families significant impact in stimulating intellectual movement and flourish in the Abbasid times as many households in Persian that long and take care of a lot of science, as it was mostly the encyclopedic scientists who take care of a lot of science in various aspects and worked on creating their own schools scientists teaching these families upon their death bury them.4. The study highlighted the intellectual contributions to Persian families and their impact in Islamic civilization where they excelled in multiple domains without a specific science specialization, we find them excelled in religious sciences such as modern interpretation and jurisprudence, which was the bulk of emergence in which scientists and literary Sciences excelled section of poetry and literature and eloquence and another excelled at mental science such as medicine, engineering and tricks, chemistry and other sciences.5. She held the religious sciences ample space for scholars of Persian families and large numbers of them emerged in tafsir and Fiqh and science of greater numbers in modern science and who were most active people seeking knowledge.6. As the study highlighted literary contributions to Persian families, don't overlook that large numbers of Persian families had an important impact in the poetic side, wrote poems and poetry and were among the poets and authors.7. Persian families contributed in mathematics, chemistry and science of scams and wrote many books on Science.8. As the study showed Persian families contributions in astronomy and astrology and popped in this whole science naubakht mine beds baramkeh.9. Scholars of Persian families contributed to traffic and translation and fixed bases in translation and some of them had a material and moral assistance for translators as a family they give me gifts; who mine baramkeh funds on scientis.10. Popped mine family family family Jouini alnobkht in theology and the whole family was prominent in most naubakht this flag.11. The entire family contributed to the mine and baramkeh musicology and wrote much literature on this flag.12. Nishaburi family contributed to the science of history and put several workbooks what our history book Nishapur to father Abdullah nishaburi which count of historical books on the history and mission of Nishapur

الملخص:

المصادر:

العلاقات الامريكية - البحرينية 1971 - 1988 : دراسة سياسية عسكرية == The Us - Bahrain Relations 1971 - 1988 A Political Military Study

اسم المؤلف: رجاء رحيم مرسول ال نصر الله

اسم المشرف: قبس ناطق محمد الدليمي

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Unitd State of America interest in Arabian Gulf began since 1833 represented by send commissionaires as first step.It seeks to show its interest and provide services to strengthen the relations with people of Arabian Gulf through teaching and health services. The American preacher represented American interests and they established centers in Bahrain and other Arabian Gulfs regiins. American interests were developed after its oil companies were awarded the charter of Bahrain oil in the time when it had no true policy towards Arabian Gulf before Second World war It considered it as British domination region.After It particioate in the Second World War with Allies in 1939 its foreign policy started to move. Arabian Gulf entered the regional interests. The negotiations began with Gulf countries to give it military facilitations causing the competition between United States and Britain which its severity eased after end of Second World domination. Through the discussion of the dissertation it appears that the strategic location and huge oil treasures in Arabian Gulf attracted colonists and invaders which saw that liberation of the region from colonialism means eliminate all forms of exploitation and colonialism.Arabiam Gulf exposed to conflicts of greed colonial countries specially Britain an United States that connect Arabian Gulf interests with their monopoly oil companies to maintain the current situation and fight national powers and stand against advaanced thoughts to Arabian Gulf Area. The end of the Second World War is considered as turn point in the nature of American policy towards Arabian Gulf specially its military existence in Bahrain as resulted from Britain withdraw from Arabian Gulf in 1968 and abandin its historical responsibilities in this region. It occurred because of world changes in the end of the Second World War that led to appearance of United State power that entered the region as a strong competitor of Britain policy specially when direct colonialism became not worthy after appearance on indirect forms in which colonial countries maintain their interests without use of military force. Bahrain fears appeared from the results of Britain withdrawal from Arabian Gulf as it feared from Iran greed to control it. Iran use Britain withdrawal to have regional role to serve American interests in Arabian Gulf through American Administration introduce of Nixon principle based on balance of two pillars Saudi Arabia and Iran. Iran occupied the three Arabic islands in cooperation with Britain that controlled Arabian Gulf. Thus the political and military relations was developed after it acquired independency in 1971 where American officials said that Bahrain is the strategic ally out of NATO specially after the change of Iran regime, fall of Shah Mohammed Ridha Baglawy in 1979 and Iran - Iraq war.All that led to establisd Gulf Cooperation Council with Bahrain as Active member in 1981.Also the beginning of American military and political support as it considered it as Arabic organization that aims to make communication and cooperation between the six countries of the Gulf. The military and political cooperation was crystalized between United State and Bahrain as the six consequent and a center for protecting American interests in and a location to watch Iran movements in Gulf coasts. Also United States sought to support military and security defennses of Bahrain defense force. Thus several military and political agreements were made between United States and Bahrain. It provide Bahrin with weapons and military instruments.It supplied modern Bahrain army and strength it for stability of security and protect Bahrain regime from any conspiracy to overthrough it. This study aims to analyze political and military relations between United States and Bahrain in the period (1971 - 1988). The reason behind choosing this period as it is the date of independence of Bahrain in 1971 from Britain occupation that last for one hundred and fifty days in which it spread discrimination between the components of Bahrain and interfere in its internal relation. The year 1988 represented historical stage in Arabian Gulf with the end of Iraq - Iran War and the influence of American role in international politics in Arabian Gulf in general and in Bahrain policy specially. This study explained that the roots of American belongs to earlier stages of modern history. Bahrain state was distinguished by great strategic importance because its geographical relations as it locate on the strait that stretched along Arabian Gulf towards Hermiz strait and to Oman Gulf to represent cross point of communication roads among Asia Africa and Europe. All oil and non - oil exports and imports of the Gulf pass through this road. These reasons give Bahrain exceptional importance for the powers that seek to protect naval transport and oil fields or to attack it.It represent military importance used by United States to established military bases to secure its strategic interests. Also,Bahrain was an important center of energy after the discovery of oil and beginning of production in commercial amounts.Thus the aim of United States in continue flow of oil is behind the trends of American policy towards Bahrain. The policy of Bahrain was not an easy matter after independence. It face several difficulties such As Iran claims of sovereignty on Bahrain Islands. In the beginning the thought was at wide union that includes (Q atar, Bahrain, Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Shariqa,, Aas Al Kahima, Um - elqiween, Fujairah and Ajman),but its union with UAE was not successful for many reasons such as the difference of ministerial representation and choose of the union capital. Finally it declare its independence as a sovereign state internationally and Arabic recognized.After overthrough of Shah of Iran in 1979 and declare on Iran Islamic Republic which works against American interests the attitude of Bahrain from new regime in Iran which contrast it ideologically and the reflection of influence of Islamic revolution in iran of internal situation because of Shiite majority that support Iran. These reasons made United States to find a solution to maintain it interests that cinfront risk after the fall of its ally Shah of Iran (the policeman of the gulf). It works on break a long war between Iraq and Iran to weaken the tow countries and deplete their powers. This war achieved many objectives for the United States the most important was to hold Soviet expansion towards Arabian Gulf. It works to find permanent military bases in Bahrain and other Gulf countries. Thus it works to militarize the region to defend its vital interests. This matter made the six gulf states to cooperate to confront international and regionl conflict. They established Gulf Cooperation Council to face the influences of first Gulf War (Iraq - Iran War). United States support Gulf Cooperation Council and deals with it as a world organization. Thus American administration began to interest in Bahrain and makes political and military relation with it. It considered Bahrain as a strategic ally although it is a small country with limited economic. It is from American point of view has a great military features made it of great value to watch Iran coasts through establishing radars devices on the boraders with Iran which seeks to develop its nuclear program to spread its domination on the region. The United States refuses Iran acquiring these weapons which cause other countries attempt to acquired it as well as it sends the Fifth American Squadron to intervene in case of a war breakout or face threat of external force especially Bahrain is politically unstable country. That makes it asking United States for aid and support to stable its internal situation and protect its foreign boarders. The reason behind the researcher choosing this subject is the lack of Arabic library to this subject studies and few studies that deals with this subject. That made the researcher face difficulties in gathering the references and resources related to the study American - Bahrain relation specially in the period of the study Second, it is difficult to travel to Bahrain state to bring documents. The researcher met UAE Ambassador Mr. Salah El - Maliky who refused to give the visa to Bahrain.

الملخص:

المصادر:

وزارة الاصلاح الزراعي في العراق 1958 - 1968 : دراسة تاريخية == Ministry Agricultural Reform In Iraq, 1958 - 1968 Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: داليا محمد شهاب العبيدي

اسم المشرف: حيدر حميد رشيد

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: This historical study highlights on one aspect of reality in ministry of Agriculture reform 1958 - 1068. Iraq witnessed during Royal Age political, social and economic development which were reflected on the formers life. This matter made the sense of injustice as a motive to abolish classism which was dominated at that time. The 14 of July 1958 Revolution came as a response for the ambitions of Iraqi people. The Revolution perform this by legalization of first Agriculture Reform Act No. 30 on 1958 which eliminate the authority of feudalism and big properties by divided them into little properties. This act application oblige the achievements of the designed purposes it was made for by create Ministry of Agriculture Reforms. This thesis shade a light on the influence of ministry of Agriculture in implementing the Act of Agriculture Reforms. Also the thesis discusses the influence it put on the farmers lit in the period between its foundation on 1958 till 1968. The thesis consist of introduction, preface, four chapters and conclusion, the preface discuses the essence of the subject. It introduces concentrate image on the attempts of agriculture reform in Iraq and its influence on the formers life. First chapter deals with discussion of Agriculture Reform Act No. 30 on 1958. It shade lights on the most important amendments in the period from 1958 to 1968 in detailed discussion and from the aspect of its reflection on implementing of Agriculture Reform Act. Also it review the political parties attitudes from the issue of this act. And the attitudes of Journals as well as the Act of Farming societies and the difficulties that this Act confront. The second chapter discusses on making the ministry of Agriculture Reforms, its directories and its committees as well as its a achievements during the period entailed by this study. Third chapter introduced the most important ministers practical and scientific careers and their influence in the Ministry of Agricultural Reforms. The forth chapter is about the achievements and activities and most important projects this Ministry introduced in the entailed period. We conclude that this Ministry came as a response to the economic and social situations for Iraqi farmer by Act of Agriculture Reforms as it made several projects and achievements.

الملخص:

المصادر:

الحركة النقابية العمالية في مصر 1952 - 1970 == The Labaur Union Movement In Egypt 1952 - 1970

اسم المؤلف: حنين عبد الله صالح الحديدي

اسم المشرف: احمد عبد الواحد عبد النبي الحلفي

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The historical origins stretch for the emergence of the Egyptian working class to the beginning of the twentieth century come into being where her existence as a class.The selection of the 1952 date for the start of the study because it represents the beginning of the regime shift in Egypt from the monarchy to the republican era in Egypt and became a reality trade union under the Bull of which overthrew the monarchy represents the striking hand that her position in the community through its laws and obtained by the strengthened position , while in 1970 was chosen the date of the end of the study the death of Abdel Nasser's strong support of the trade union movement.The nature of the study required to divide the message into an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion in which the most important conclusions of the study.Since the beginning of the first chapter dealt with the working class and the labor movement of 1921 - 1939 and the labor movement in the wake of World War II until 1952.He revealed the second chapter about the role of the trade union movement Mn1952 - 1958 and the position of the labor movement of the 1952 revolution and internal developments in Egypt and the evolution of trade union reality of the labor movement.The third chapter discusses the role of Egyptians workers of the political developments in Egypt 1958 - 1961 and the evolution of trade union reality.And singled out the fourth quarter on the Egyptian labor movement Anaqbih 1962 - 1970 and the evolution of trade union reality of the labor movement and the evolution of labor legislation, as well as after a setback June 5 on the workers.The message chapters have shown about the role of unions and political attitudes that have changed the course of political events, including the Great was their role in the liquidation of the dispute between Muhammad Naguib and Nasser, and effective and efficient role in the war as the tripartite aggression coming together with the Egyptian working class in the rest of the working classesThe homeland of the Arab and European countries, and the large role played by workers in the tension of the Egyptian - US relations through the crisis of the ship Kilobacrh and force allied countries against the ship to bow at the end of the crisis.vdila positions and the role of the workers in that period, they have received many privileges and legislation issued in their right where they have lifted them as a class position in Egyptian society

الملخص:

المصادر:

الحركة النقابية في السودان (1956 - 1969) : دراسة تاريخية == The Trade Union Movement In The Sudan (1956 - 1969)

اسم المؤلف: بان علي حمد سلمان

اسم المشرف: ابتسام محمود جواد

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The Trade Union Movement appeared in Sudan as a result to many projects established by the British colonial. These projects were considered as the first step toward appearing working class which evolved a lot over time because of the British projects needs to manpower. Agricultural projects also contributed to the development of this class, especially cotton planting projects. Sudan was importing cotton from Egypt, but, because of the deterioration of agricultural there it started planting cotton, after proving appropriateness of its soil for planting cotton with high quality. The thesis is divided into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. Chapter one includes a necessary contradictory account of the political developments in Sudan until 1956; the geographical nature of the country; and the competition between British and Egypt on Sudan. It also contains brief accounts of the emergence of the Sudanese National Movement; the general conference of graduates; the formation of the Sudanese parties until 1956; the emergence of the Sudanese trade union movement and its most important organizations, such as Labor Union, Agricultural Union, Student Union, and Feminist Union; the obvious effect of these unions in the Sudanese life; and attitudes of these unions toward the formation of the parliament, the bilateral negotiations in 1950, unions, and Sudan's self - determination and the Declaration of Independence. Chapter two is titled ''Trade Unions and Political Variables 1956 - 1958''. It represents the political developments in 1956; ''Jauda'' projection; and the fall of Al - Azhari government. It also discusses Abdullah Khalil's first government and Sudanese unions; the public opinion from the US aid; unions and discusses Abdullah Khalil's second government; the 1958 election circumstances and its aftermath; and the strike of November 21, 1958. Chapter three focuses on unions under General Ibrahim Abboud's government 1958 - 1964; General Ibrahim Abboud's coup and the public opinion; Military counter - coups to the military rule of 1959; attitudes of students and workers toward the military rule; formation of the Public Central Council; and the reasons for the outbreak of the 1964 revolution and the end of ; General Ibrahim Abboud's rule. Chapter four studies the state of unions during the second democratic period (1964 - 1969). It focuses on unions and Sirelkhatim Khalifa's first government and its effects; unions and 1965 election under Sirelkhatim Khalifa's second government; formation of Mohamed Ahmed Mahjub's first government, which did not continue, and its most significant procedures; Al - Sadiq Al - Mahdi's government and the failed coup attempt by Communist Party and the unions; Mohamed Ahmed Mahjub's second government; Sudan's official and public position against 1967 aggression; and unions and the strike of August 20, 1967. And trade unions and strike Twenty August 1968 The conclusion was where we recorded what conclusions we have reached through our study of the trade union movement in the Sudan (1956 - 1969 And it can say that the trade union movement in the Sudan have a great importance in the Sudanese society through what is provided by the unions of achievements throughout the duration of their struggle

الملخص:

المصادر: