القدس في عصر المماليك (658 - 922ه / 1260 - 1516م) == Al - Quds In The Mamluk Era (Study In The General Case) (658 - 922 A.H / 1260 - 1516 A.D)
Author name:
مريم علاوي فهد الكناني
Supervisor name:
عباس عبد الستار عبد القادر الزهاوي
General topic:
History
Specific topic:
Islamic History
Degree:
Master
University:
University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Baghdad
First pages:
11T2871 - p.pdf
Abstract:
We have reached , via our research , analysis, and review ,to hereunder results extracted from the current paper titled "Jerusalem under era of Al - Mamluki" during the period (658 - 922AH)(1260 - 1516AD) : 1 - Jerusalem has been a mountainous area located in middle of Palestine surrounded by mountains from three sides ; the north side easily to be penetrated by aggressors as to enter the city; furthermore , the water of the city has been insufficient, thus residents rely hugely on rain water by savory for water. The residents have also depended on some pools just like Salwan pool.2 - Jerusalem has been called different names that deviated the genuine name of the city (Kinani Name); the city was firstly resided by Arabs (Al - Yabusayayn) later called as (Yabus) and it is also called (Yurshaleem) originally (Kinani). 3 - Jerusalem has been witnessed political turmoil and crusaders occupation as well during the period that is coming to be known as wars of crusaders. But the city returned back to the Islamic Arabic State after being liberated by(Salah Al - Din Al - Ayubi), but struggles among sons of (Yubs) help weaken (Ayubayeen) and help appear new powers represented in establishing State of (Al - Mamalik).4 - (Mamaleeks) could defeat Mogul aggression, where the battle of (Ayn Jalut) considered as a turning point in the history of the city, especially , after the victory of (Mamaleeks) on Mogul in this battle and smashed the myth saying that "Mogul is undefeated strength". Thus, (Mamaleeks) entered the city which became under the rule of (Mamaleeks) under the leadership of the hero "Sultan Beris". 5 - The city , after "Mamaleeks" entered , witnessed important events represented in stability and quietness. It has been established many construction establishments. 6 - The administrative boundaries of Jerusalem include walled city , surrounded by villages ranging from "Al - Ramlah" toward north and to "Khalil" city in south and from Mediterranean Sea in west to river of Jordan in east.It is a huge area as that determined by contemporary references explaining that it is administrative center during days of "Mamaleeks". 7 - Jerusalem during the era of Mamleeks is a completed city where all job are available including administrative, financial and religious, despite the city administratively linked to Damascus and Gaza. but since it became independent for its increasing importance due to its religious stance. 8 - The present paper confirms the Islam of the holy city in spite of existing Jews and Christians, the Islamic impression prevailed over. Muslims remain the majority among its residents and the city remained as one entity; three religions became under the control of Mamaleeks; the Jews and christens enjoyed with tolerance and justice as that indicated by pilgrimage journeys by Western European , together with good treatment for them by (Mamleeks).9 - The city has become a scientific center , where scholars came to Jerusalem from all over the world and established educational institutions in the city. 10 - The city has been witnessed prosperous developments of agricultural and industrial and trading fields due to stability and quaintness, especially in era of "Mamleeks" the first. The city has revived the treasury due to taxations imposed on it.
Summary:
11T2871 - A.pdf
References:
11T2871 - R.pdf
