المكانة التجارية لمدينة دمشق من القرن الثاني حتى نهاية القرن الرابع الهجري == Commercial Rank Of Damascus City From The Second Century Until The End Of The Fourth Century AH
Author name:
سلسبيل جابر عناد المياحي
Supervisor name:
وئام عدنان عباس النعيمي
General topic:
History
Specific topic:
Islamic History
Degree:
Doctorate
University:
University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Baghdad
First pages:
11T2808 - p.pdf
Abstract:
After endingour study of commercialrank of Damascus city from the second century to the end of the fourth century,it is preferable to refer to the most important findings of the study : • Through the study, it has shown that Damascus had enjoyed a unique geographical location , as there were many factors that made its feature including its proximity to the Arabian Peninsula and its openness from the east on the plains leading to the Euphrates and Iraq and from west by the presence of the mountainous areas which seized on the trade route leading to the Mediterranean coast which then contacts Europein addition to the access road north to Halab and Asia Minor making it an important trading center for receiving goods and exported.Damascus, and since ancient times specifically in Aramean age, focused on trade.Armeniansunderstood as the first who make Halab the capital and commercial center, as their trade linked with the different cities, in addition to its land,fertile soiland flowing waters which made it produced various types of agricultural crops.• The effect of the political events in Damascusdid not disruptits Commercial activity.And if there was any impact for the eventsso it was due to the timeof its happening and then quickly Damascusregainedits commercial activitiesin timethat its commercial ties remained effectively working inside and outside.• Damascus had seen progress in various economic aspects.It hadbeen knowing in its various agricultural crops and its export types to different regions inside and outside Belad Al - Sham. The availability of natural and human conditions helped itin this respect. In Damascus, agriculture was the vital tributaries that flowed into the internal and external trade. In addition,Tradein Damascus had characterized by its high quality and plentifulwhich included various kinds of industries and what made in Damascus of any kind of these small or large industries weremuch more than what was made anywhere else in the world and perhaps this distinction was due to the availability of theexpertise, as they have skilled makers succeed in more than one art and throughout the ages as well as the abundance of raw materials in Damascus and its suburbs.• Through the study, it hasbecome clear to us that Damascus had enjoyed asolidcommercial connections with various Arab and non - Arab countries, dating back to before the advent of Islam , and since the dawn of history , and had enjoyed this status even after losing its centeredness as the capital of the Islamic State of Arabic, as that Damascus export to other cities was more than its import, and this was as indication of the agricultural and industrial ability of the city.During the era of the study,Damascus marketshad flourished.Although of all the crises, the trade balance continued for the benefit of Damascus with evidence that exports were more than imports.• The trade routes had an important role in linking Damascus with various countries of the world as theinterest and development of commercial roadshad been belonging to ancient centuriesand continuing until the Islamic era. Damascus had been associated with the world with two types of land routes and overseas transportation , and as a result of the importance of these routes in the trade promotion,Islamic State had worked to secure and interest in them and provide them with all the supplies that would facilitate everything related to business process , and we do not forget the role of traders who aimed at securing roads in times of disrupted the country's efforts in this aspect through alliances with the Bedouin tribes who were living in trade caravans passing zones.• Damascus continued to hadits trade rankwhich enjoyed since before Islam even later ages due to itslocation for the Al - Sham on the one hand and other areas on the other hand,moreover, Damascus was the center of an important source of production, industrial and agriculturalwealth sources and a commercial center and great market for many of the coastal cities that were based on the their market that contain all kinds of goods that allcities need. Every city ofDamascus cities represented the commercial center received many trades and from different countries of the world as and as we saw that. What Helped it in this respect was theavailability ofnumerous transportation which was land and sea.• Money was the main pillar of the trade process, the localization and changes that took place on the money throughout the ages had an essential and important role in the advancement of the state and not to succumb to the foreign domination. Securities represented by the instruments , the Bills and banking had theirimportance as they had facilitated the process of trade exchange, and there had a role for the weights and pecks in the business process which linked very closely to the market and in the buying and selling operations.The various conditions like strife and tribulations Damascus experienced influenced directlyon prices. As a result, there was the appearance of phenomenon of rising prices , but we can say thatits impact was chronic.It became clear through the study, people in Damascus including traders had the ability toovercome the crises and advancement economic reality, but even though, poor people were the most affected class of Damascus'ssuffering , as the economic shocks had a negative impact on their level of living.• Arab Islamic state had given attention and special care to merchantslayer to provide them the means of doingtheir economic work, and aspects of care were providingthem with buildings for harboring passenger shelters and storetheir goods. Examples of these buildings includefields , hotels and agencies and the store. The breadth of the business exchangebetween the various countries of the Muslim world led to the diversity of merchants types and trade firms, among them there werethe treasurer andthe equipped.
Summary:
11T2808 - A.pdf
References:
11T2808 - R.pdf
