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مقاربات تداولية في كتاب معاني القران للنحاس (ت 338 هـ) == A Pragmatic Study of Al - Nahas' Ma'any Al - Quran (338 A.H.)

Author name: علاء سامي عبد الحسين ياسين
Supervisor name: عمي فرحان جواد
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Pragmatics is considered as one of the new branches of linguistics in which the linguists have found new trends of research. The importance of the present study comes from the idea of linking the new trends in linguistics with the Arabic tradition. Also, there is no pragmatic study conducted on this important book "Ma'any Al - Quran". This would enrich the Arabic libraries of new studies with modern conceptions so as to study the traditional books with modern methods of research.The present study is composed of four chapters and conclusions, in which the researcher has adopted the pragmatic, Analytical, descriptive, and historical methods of Analysis. It has depended on several important sources and bibliographies both traditional and modern like Sebawah's book, Al - Muqtathab for Al - Mubarad, A. H. Al - Shahry's Strategies of Discourse, and M. A. Nahla's New Trends of Modern Linguistic Research.Chapter one discusses the indications in all its types. It is composed of three sections : section one dealt with the sensory indications and how could the addresser point out to himself to interact with the addressee what he wants to say. The second section is dealing with the mental indications that the addressee could understand by his mental ability. While the last section dealt with temporal and spatial indications. Chapter Two discusses the rules of spoken discourse. It contains two sections : the first section previewed the Gricean maxims of cooperative conversation and the conversational restrictions. The second section talks about what is included within speech of hidden meaning and the shared knowledge.Chapter Three is entitled "Speech Act". It includes two sections : the first one discusses Austin's classification of the direct Speech acts, while the second section dealt with Searle's theory of indirect speech acts. The fourth chapter was devoted to the Arguments. It is divided into three sections : the first section is devoted to the argumentative connections. The second section dealt with the elements of argument, while the last section dealt with the way of arranging arguments to reach the result.The present study has concluded some important conclusions :  Al - Nahas has referred to vagueness and considered it as an indication of two types : mental and sensory indications. Al - Nahas was aware about the strategies of conversations or what is called in the modern terminology as cooperative principles. He dealt with the speech acts on the base of what it accomplishes.The arguments were very powerful in the book of Al - Nahas

الجواز النحوي في كتب معاني القران للفراء والاخفش والزجاج == The Syntax Authorization in Quran Meanings Books To the End of Third Century Hegira

Author name: عدنان حسين مدلول حسن الموسوي
Supervisor name: صاحب منشد عباس الزيادي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: التمهيد : تحدثت فيه عن الجواز في النحو العربي, اذ تتبعت دلالات المصطلح في صيغته الاصطلاحية, عند علماء العربية القدامى, وتحديدا سيبويه, وابن جني, فضلا عن الفراء والمبرد والزجاج, وغيرهم من النحويين, وحددت له ثلاث ماهيات, الاولى : قاعدة فرعية, والثانية : حكم, وهو ما وسمه السيوطي بـ(حكم الجائز على السواء), والثالثة : سبب يجوز الحكم, وهو ما وسمه ابن جني بـ(علة), وازعم ان الاخير هو المعني بمصطلح "الجواز النحوي". وقد بينت الماهية المقصودة بمصطلح الجواز عند سيبويه, وعند ابن جني, وقسمته على قسمين : احدهما : ما يجوزه اللفظ, والاخر : ما يجوزه اللفظ والمعنى. ثم عرجت على الدراسات الحديثة التي تناولت الجواز, وقد بينت كيف خلط بعض الباحثين الذين تناولوا موضوع الجواز, بين تجويز الحكم وتجويز الاستعمال, وبين الجواز النحوي والتوجيه النحوي. الباب الاول : اقترحت فيه ثلاثة مسالك عامة للجواز في ضوء علاقته بالنظام النحوي, وكان على ثلاثة فصول, يكون كل منهما مسلكا عاما, الاول : في العامل, وما يعرض له في التركيب من حذف واهمال او اعمال, وغيرها, وفي الفصل الثاني تناولت عددا من مسائل الاستئناف والاتباع, وفي الفصل الثالث تناولت الوظائف النحوية, والاساليب النحوية, وجمعتهما تحت عنوان, المعنى النحوي.الباب الثاني : وتحدثت فيه عن الاحكام القيمية للجواز؛ لاستيفاء جوانب المصطلح في النقطة التي يلتقي فيها جانبه المعياري, بوصفه حكما نحويا قياسيا - سببا يجوز الحكم - , بالجانب القيمي بوصفه مستوى من مستويات الاداء اللغوي, وحاولت تطبيق فكرة التفريق بين المفهوم والمصطلح, , وكان على ثلاثة فصول, خصصت الاول منه, لدراسة قيم الاحكام النوعية, ومعاييرها, ودلالاتها, ومجالات استعمالها, في المصطلح بقسميه, والمفهوم عامة, وكان الفصل الثاني في معايير الاحكام الكمية, وعلاقتها بمستويات الاداء اللغوي, والغاية من استعمالها, فضلا عن اقترانها بالاحكام النوعية, وكان الفصل الثالث في المرجعيات العميقة لاختيارات اصحاب كتب المعاني لبعض وجوه الجواز, وما اطلقوه من احكام وتعليلات تكشف عن بعض هذه المرجعيات اذ تباين اصحاب كتب معاني القران في نظرتهم الى الجواز, بين دلالة الاستعمال, ودلالة الوضع, ثم اوجزت في خاتمة البحث اهم ما توصلت اليه من نتائج | The Authorization from where it be a concept engaged with basics buildings , and syntax origins , basophilism , orienting , explanation , from where be a term linked with the spoken behavior , and come to expand the available options in using the structure union , on expanding side in preferred judgment in certain use , and grammar and syntax origins demanded . And from where it be a standard judgment , it has two different substances , one of them : a judgment have a fixed pure value , which result from it an equal structures in its power , and Al - Suyoti called it "Permissible Judge on equally" . And the other : a reason allow the judge , and result from it a structures have variable values in power , and Ibn Jinni called it "Vowel" to separate it from judge from where stability and separation , and the second one is our target in this study . And I choose subject to study in Quran Meanings Books as the following : - 1 - Quran Meanings , for Yahya Bin Ziyad Al - Farra'a (dead 207 H) . 2 - Quran Meanings , for Sa'eed Bin Mis'eda Al - aKhfash ( Dead 215 H) . 3 - Quran Meanings and its syntax , for Abi Isaac Al - Zajjaj ( Dead 311 H ) . And the research plan consist of the following : - Introduction : The authorization in the Arabic Syntax , and limits three substances for authorization from (Sebawaih) until (Ibn Jinni) . The First Unit : The paths of Syntax authorization and its relation in the syntax system , and it is divided into three chapters : - First Chapter : in the worker , and what happen to it in structure from elimination , ignoring and works , … etc. Second Chapter : deals with numerous of appealing and following problems . Third Chapter : The Syntax meaning , which deal the syntax functions , and the syntax styles . The Second Unit : talking about the valuable judgment of authorization , which divided into three chapters : - First Chapter : specialized for study the typical judgment values , its guidance , and uses fields . Second Chapter : in the quantum judgment standards , and its relation with the linguistic performance levels . Third Chapter : in deep references for authors of meanings books selection to some sides of authorization .And this research deal with syntax authorization in the meeting point of standard side as a standard syntax judgment - reason permit the judge - with the valuable side as a level of linguistic performance levels , and the following the brief of what this study result : - - The authors of Quran meanings books use an authorization expression in three substances : the first : branching base , the second : Judge , and this called by (Al - Suyoti) "Permissible Judge on equally" , and the third : a reason permit the judge , and it is called by (Ibn Jinni) "Vowel" , and the latest is our target the term "The Syntax Authorization" . - The syntax authorization divided into two divisions : the one : what the pronunciation permit , the second : what the meanings and pronunciation permit . - The authors deal with first division as it is a permissible judge , in other hand they deal with the second division that it is a reason permit the judge and not oblige on it . - The authors deal with the second division as it is individual or dialectal use , but it have secure paths of the spoken , not stain in grammatical mistakes , because the Arabic syntax system contain this uses and dialectics . - The worker theory have a big effect in authorization origin and expands . - The meaning was the basic in differentiation between the authorization and judgment permit in Quran meanings books . - Discrimination between the authors until the end of third century hegira in their vision to the authorization , between the uses guidance , and the situation guidance , according to origins which each author adopted in certain problem . - More of oblige and permit judgment at (Al - Farra'a) in many Quran structures , in other hand syntax explanation have been dominated at (Al - aKhfash and Al - Zajjaj) . - It maybe consider the syntax permit in a division of it an element from the stylish structure which companied the language standards , rather than the dialects consider in its origin stylish deviation from the origin language . - Almost empty the Quran meanings books from the stylish indications of the structures build which carry on the permit , beside what marking in (Sebawaih) books . - The appealing and following considers a wide paths of syntax authorization in Quran meanings books and Arabic syntax generally . - The instructions of (Al - Farra'a) for the authorization have been dominated what indicates to spoken style , and on instructions of (Al - aKhfash) syntax industry , and on (Al - Zajjaj) instructions the estimations of explanation meaning , and (Al - Zajjaj) was be biased to the Quran language in all authorization sides . - The valuable judgment considers common between the term and the concept , and in each of them the valuable judge indicates to the level of linguistic performance levels . - They use the quantum judgment for claiming to steadiness the structure in certain level or few uses , also to monitor the steadiness uses in certain linguistic level , specially Holy Quran , as if this uses represent in stylish phenomena . - For the non - linguistic context the effect of limiting the spoken options in each divisions of authorization . - The valuable syntax authorization judges , options and reasons have recover about its situations of the linguistic performance levels in Holy Quran . - (Al - Farra'a) was oblige many of authorization judgments for guidance reasons extended about the juristic origins tendency based on the explanation heritage , and the Islamic culture , rather than its consideration of syntax guidance relations between the hidden structure and appearance structure . - (Al - aKhfash) maybe from the (Mu'tazila Mufawadha) , whose say on absolute authorization . - The God justice believe was the obvious reference in instructions of (Al - Zajjaj) of authorization problems in verse of holy Quran which indicate to human will in doing selection . - Some of researchers whose deal with authorization subject mix between the judgment permit and uses permit , (i.e. between the term and general concept ) which guide to acceptance

الحاكمية في فكر الامام علي (عليه السلام) : دراسة في ضوء الانساق الثقافية == MAGISTRACY IN THE THOUGHT OF IMAM ALI (AS) IN THE LIGHT OF THE CULTURAL PATTERNS

Author name: عبد الامير دلي مجباس الزيدي
Supervisor name: وليد شاكر نعاس الرفاعي
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: MAGISTRACY IN THE THOUGHT OF IMAM ALI (AS)Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, and peace and blessings be upon the master of the messengers and his purified progeny and companions .Magistracy or assuming power has been one of the topics that attracted the attention of man throughout ages and it has been the focus of his thought and most engaging concern because of what this issue has been characterizedwith as regards its being the source of the misery or welfar and happiness of the society ; hence it has been realistic and a living matter or affair which is inevitable and unavoidable. Chapter two is entitled "manifestations of the magistrate" in which the researcher dealt with, in a critical study, important issues in the Islamic history such as allegiance in addition to practicing the magistrate by Imam Ali(AS) and those who preceded him as well as those who came after him.Chapter three carries the title ' patterns of conformity and differences" in which the researcher dealt with the extent of the conformity of the magistrate practices with the Islamic revivalistic constructive project within the historical, patrimonial and juristic patterns of Imam Ali (AS) and other rulers.A conclusion has been annexed to the research in which most of the findings and general and specific outlines have been included in addition to a comprehensive bibliography of sources and references.The conclusion of our prayer will be : Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds! These steps have been accompanied by a series of difficulties distributed between the topic difficulty and the abundance of the scientific material which the thesis haswithin this framework.The structure of the research required that it contain(s) a preface and three chapters followed by a conclusion . The preface has been devoted to highlighting the broad concepts of magistrate and cultural criticism .The chapters have been as follows : The title of chapter one is " scope of identity" in which the researcher has dealt with the nature of the pre - Islam Arab incubator socially, religiously and economically. Later on the well - known changes took place on the Arab field after the advent of IslaDespite the difference in people's thought , religion, culture and the discrepancy of their languages, magistrate remained an obsession irking those who incline towards it and sacrifice everything to have it in his command and to sit on its throne.So it is conspicuous that the study of this topic is of great significance especially in an era or epoch which represented the first dose for that age : an age in which the flame of assuming power glowed , specifically in the thought of a man whose period of governance was full of hidden patterns or formats not yet revealed neither by history books nor ancient critical studies.In this person , practicing magistrate varied according to philanthropy, religious culture , knowledge of the basics of religion and the extent of consistency with what religious law2 and custom through the prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his purified progeny).

مقامات السيوطي ت 911هـ : دراسة في ضوء علم النص

Author name: عباس عذيب عبد الله مطير
Supervisor name: كاظم داخل جبير الجبوري
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The modern era has witnessed great scientific developments and rapid leaps in all fields of science. These developments have been difficult to follow, as the effects of developments in some sciences have been reflected.The science of linguistics as a science science theory has also witnessed many great developments that changed the attitudes of learners and scholars alike, and reflected the effects of other sciences on it, and emerged trends and doctrines and theories - for more than two centuries of time - , including what influenced the historical research, Influenced by natural sciences, and other influenced by the humanities and others.Our research is an attempt to keep abreast of developments in modern and contemporary linguistics, to make use of these developments to identify them, and to apply what suits our Arabic language.We chose to study some of this development, which is the current linguistic lesson, namely the science of the text, which deals with the text as the most comprehensive unit of speech, and the subject we have chosen is "(the mausoleums of Suyuti study in light of the science of text"), (Consistency, Consistency, Conscientiousness, Acceptance, Information, Contextualization and Consistency) The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that these standards are present in the texts of denominations.The research has been joined in three chapters preceded by an introduction and a preface and followed by a conclusion containing the most important findings of the research, and then proved the most important sources of research and review, the preface to the presentation of the concepts of (Maqamat, Suyuti, text science) to reach that the Maqamat is text, The second chapter was the linguistic level (consistency in the denomination), where the textual consistency and its mechanisms were examined on three levels (grammatical, vocal, and lexicon). The second chapter is the semantic level, And semantic relations. The third chapter is the deliberative level (other textual criteria). The study examined the criteria related to the users of the text (the speaker and recipient) namely the intentionality, admissibility, and media, and the criteria related to the external influences, context, Which I have reached : - The referral is one of the most proficient grammar consistency in the text Almqamat, as well as that the conscientious reference was one of the most types of references Roda in these texts is almost without text. - The elements of consistency and harmony have been combined in the construction of the semantic structure of these texts, which led to some kind of analysis in which we can judge them as coherent and coherent texts. - The texts of Maqamat on one level in terms of brevity and redundancy are shortened and lengthened according to the subject of the text and the circumstances in which it was written and the nature of the relationship from the addressee, although the attribute of the tannabis generally appear in the subject of most denominations. - The instability of some of the concepts and terminology in which this study was conducted by researchers or students in the science of text, reflecting the divergence of views of these concepts and the different backgrounds of knowledge of each.

الحجاج في شعر احمد الوائلي == The Argumentation in the Poetry of Ahmed Al - Wa'ili

Author name: صلاح جباري شناوة
Supervisor name: عايد جدوع حنون
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: فان الانسان يسعى جاهدا ليصل الى مكنونات الكلام, وكشف ما غمض منه فتعددت السبل التي اتخذها في بحثه الدؤوب عن المعاني الكامنة فيه, فوضع لذلك المناهج, وصاغ النظريات التي توصله الى المعاني, فكانت هذه المناهج والنظريات تتطور, ويتكئ بعضها على بعض, فيشهد ميدان البحث اللغوي ظهور نظرية بين الفينة والاخرى, قد تفند ما قبلها وتقوم على انقاضها, وقد تبدا بداية غير مسبوقة, ومنهج الحجاج من جملة تلك المناهج التي تصدت لمعرفة المعاني المقروءة, والمكتوبة والمنطوقة, واستطاع الحجاج ان يزاحم المناهج اللغوية, ويثبت لنفسه موطئ قدم بين تلك المناهج؛ لما يمتاز به من رؤية شاملة للخطاب تاخذ جوانب متعددة, وتعتمد القصد الذي يكشف مكنونات الخطاب بعد ربطه بسياق انشائه, زد على ذلك ان الحجاج بذاته متعدد فلا يقتصر على الفلسفة, والمنطق, والقانون, والاعلام فحسب, بل تعدى ذلك ليشمل الخطاب الادبي, واليومي, فاصبح الحجاج منهجا لسانيا تداوليا يمكن تطبيقه على النصوص, وهو من الموضوعات الجديدة في ساحة البحث الاكاديمي اللساني. ولست ازعم ان دراستي رائدة او كان لها قصب السبق في هذا المضمار, بل سبقت بدراسات في هذا المجال, لكن ذلك لايعني انها تكرار لما قدمه الباحثون في هذا المجال فلكل طريقته في عرض موضوعه, ولا انسى ان اشير هنا الى ان دراسة الاستاذ الدكتور عايد جدوع كانت من الدراسات الرائدة في الحجاج والتي كان عنوانها(الحجاج في كلام الامام الحسين عليه السلام), وكانت نعم الاساس المتين الذي نهضت عليه دراستي, وكان له كل الفضل في اختيار موضوع الدراسة وتوجيهي اليه, فكان هذا دافعا لدراسة الموضوع على وفق رؤية تجمع بين التداولية والبلاغة, وكان لتطبيق هذا المنهج على الشعر صعوباته التي طالمراافقت عمل البحث الى نهايته, وكان لهذه الصعوبة حسناتها اذ وجهت البحث الى المزاوجة بين القديم والحديث؛ للخروج برؤية تداولية حجاجية تسهم في فهم الخطاب الشعري, وهذا ما دفع الباحث الى تقسيم البحث على تمهيد, وثلاثة فصول, اما التمهيد فقد انقسم على قسمين كان القسم الاول منه تعريفا بالشيخ احمد الوائلي, اما القسم الثاني فكان تعريفا بمصطلح الحجاج لغة واصطلاحا وتعريفا بنظرية ديكرو للحجاج التي سار عليها البحث, اما الفصل الاول فقد بينت فيه ما للخطاب الحجاجي من بناء في الشكل والادوات, وقسمته على ثلاثة مباحث, المبحث الاول كان عنوانه الروابط الحجاجية, وقد فصلت القول فيه عن الروابط مبينا وظيفتها ودلالتها واثرها في الخطاب, وجاء المبحث الثاني معرفا بالعوامل الحجاجية, ومبينا ما لها من وظيفة حجاجية وهي توجيه الخطاب نحو قصد المتكلم, اما المبحث الثالث فبينت فيه ما للخطاب الحجاجي من استراتيجية في مراعاة المخاطب, والظروف المحيطة بالخطاب اذ تتجلى هذه المراعاة بالتدرج في ايراد الحجج, وكان عنوانه السلالم الحجاجية. اما الفصل الثاني فكان منصبا على بيان ما للحجاج من ارتباط بفعل الكلام فكان عنوان هذا الفصل الحجاج التداولي الذي قسم على ثلاثة مباحث هي : الفعل الكلامي المباشر, والفعل الكلامي غير المباشر, والاستلزام الحواري, واظهر المبحث الاول من هذا الفصل ما تميز به الفعل المباشر من قدرة على الانجاز تمثلت بالصيغ الحرفية المباشرة التي كان المعنى فيها مساويا للمنطوق, اما المبحث الثاني الذي تمثل بالفعل اللغوي غير المباشر فكشف عن القصد الكامن في الخطاب الذي يؤديه المتكلم بصورة غير مباشرة معتمدا على المحتوى القضوي للخطاب, اي ما يفهمه المتلقي من الخطاب على وفق معطيات السياق, وفي المبحث الثالث سلط البحث الضوء على المعنى المستفاد من السياق الذي يمثل شفرة تحلها الكفايات الثقافية, واللغوية لطرفي التخاطب مستندة الى السياق, وهو ما يعرف في الخطاب التداولي بالاستلزام الحواري, اما الفصل الثالث فاضطلع بمهمة كشف الارتباط بين البلاغة والحجاج, فوسمته بالحجاج البياني, اذ تصدره مدخل لكشف العلاقة بين البلاغة والحجاج, ثم تلا ذلك ثلاثة مباحث وهي بمثابة تطبيق لمظاهر الحجاج في ثلاثة اساليب بيانية هي التشبيه, والاستعارة, والكناية, اذ حاول البحث اظهار القصد الكامن في هذه الاساليب, ولم اعتمد المتكلم هذا الاسلوب, او ذاك فجاء تحليل الخطاب على وفق رؤية حجاجية تداولية, تظهر فيها محاولة الالتفات الى بعض الخصائص الحجاجية المتضمنة في الظواهر البيانية, وكشف خصائص كل اسلوب من هذه الاساليب ومدى فاعلية الحجاج فيها, ثم تلا ذلك خاتمة تضمنت اهم النتائج التي توصل اليها البحث.اما المصادر التي اعتمدها البحث فكثيرة ومتنوعة. وما تجدر الاشارة اليه ان ديوان الوائلي الذي يمثل موضوع الدراسة طبع اكثر من مرة وهناك اختلافات بين طبعاته تنوعت بين الزيادة والنقص, فديوان ايقاع الفكر طبع في دار الصفوة, بيروت في عام 2010, لكن هذا الديوان تنقصه بعض القصائد, زيادة على ذلك ان هذه الطبعة احتوت على اخطاء طباعية, اما الطبعة الاخيرة لديوانه فقد صدرت في سنة 2012 بشرح وتدقيق سمير شيخ الارض, وقد ضمت كل قصائد الوائلي بحسب ما ذكره الناشر, وبعد الاطلاع على الديوانين واجراء مقابلة بينهما اثرت اعتماد ديوان الوائلي بشرح وتدقيق سمير شيخ الارض بطبعته الاولى لسنة2012, فقد ضم هذا الديوان كل قصائد الوائلي زيادة على دقة الطبع وقلة الاخطاء. وفيما يخص المنهج الذي اتبعته فهو المنهج الحجاجي, واشير هنا الى ان هذا المنهج لايمكن ان يعالج الخطاب الشعري من دون الاتكاء على المناهج الاخر, فلاستقراء الظواهر الحجاجية لابد من اعتماد المنهج الاستقرائي الوصفي للظواهر, واستكمالا للفائدة العلمية, وما اقتضته طبيعة البحث ادخلت المنهج الاحصائي مع المناهج الاخر, فكل الظواهر التي سجلت خاضعة لاحصاء كامل في كل الديوان.ولا يسعني في النهاية الا ان اتقدم بالشكر الجزيل لاستاذي وشيخي الدكتور عايد جدوع حنون, والى كل اساتذتي في قسم اللغة العربية في جامعة المثنى, واسال الله سبحانه وتعالى ان يتقبل عملي هذا باحسن قبول, والحمد لله اولا واخرا وصلى الله على محمد واله الطاهرين | The argumentation is usually dedicated to some recipient whether actual or imaginative, near or faraway. Each argument takes patterns which are different from the patterns of the other arguments. The argumentation is considered as one of the modern linguistic theories which is widely used in this field. The present study is an application of this theory on the poetry of Sheikh Ahmed Al - Wa'ili whose ideological attitudes were highly reflected in his poems. Also, this study is conducted to immortalize such great persona who defended Islam and the Islamic peoples. The present study composed of a preface, three chapters, and some conclusions. The preface contains two sections in which the former talks about the biography of Sheikh Ahmed Al - Wa'ili, while the later one treated the definition of argument linguistically and terminologically as well as explaining Oswald Ducrot's theory of argumention which is adopted in this study.Chapter one is concerned with the forms and tools of the argumention. It is divided into three sections : the first section is concerned with the argumentative links showing their semantic and functional effect in discourse. The second section talks about the argumentative elements showing their function in what the speaker means. The third section is concerned with the strategies of the argumentative discourse and the surrounding environment of the argumentative discourse.Chapter two is concerned with the relationship between argumentation and speech acts. It consists of three sections : the first one talks about the direct speech acts and their role in the argumentative achievement, while the second one sheds light on the indirect speech acts and the hidden meaning of a discourse which is performed in an indirect way. The third section is concerned with the conversational Implicature.Chapter three is interested in showing the relationship between argumentation and rhetorics. It also contains three sections showing the applications of argumentation which are the rhetorical devices : simile, metaphor, and euphemism. The current study has concluded the following : • The argumentation in the poetry of Al - Wa'ili was highly related to an event or an important issue.• Al - Wa'ili was very successful in his choice for the argumentative links in which he used each one in its suitable way. • The statistics shows that the poetry of Al - Wa'ili was filled of the poetic images in which he employed the elements of argumentation, the Conversational Implicature, and the speech acts

ايات الفتنة في القران الكريم : دراسة في ضوء علم اللغة النصي == UNIVERSITY OF MUTHANA AYAT AL - FITNA IN Quran Kareem

Author name: صادق ذريع طعمة
Supervisor name: صاحب منشد عباس الزيادي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: الحمد لله رب العالمين ، والصلاة والسلام على افصح الخلق وخير من تكلم بلغة الضاد سيدنا محمد وعلى اله الطيبين الطاهرين ..اما بعد... فعلى من يريد ان يبحر في بحر المعاني القرانية ان يهيء شراعا متينا كي يصل به الى بر الامان وان يكون سابرا لغوره عندما يريد الغوص الى اعماقه ، فلا تتقاذفه امواجه العاتية في غياهب المعاني المتداخلة، وطالما كنت متشوقا الى ان ا كون من الذين يدرسون علومـه ، فشاء الله ان اكـــون من دارسي لغة القران الكريم ،ووقـــع الاختيار على موضوع (ايات الفتنة في القران الكريم /دراسة في ضوء علم اللغة النصي)، متناولا الايات الصريحة للفتنة ،اذ كانت الايات غير الصريحة بالفتنة تقارب السبعين نصا. اما سبب الدراسة النصية ، فهي لما في هذا العلم من مجال رحب للدراسة بحكم موضوعاته المغرية ، فوقع الاختيار على المعايير السبعة لروبرت دي بيوجراند ودريسلر عارضا اياها على ايات الفتنة في القران الكريم ، فهي عرصة تستحق الوقوف عليها كباقي ايات الكتاب العزيز ؛ لما فيها من مفاتن عجيبة ولذائذ غريبة تستدعي القارئ الى المكوث في اروقتها المتشابكة . وقد تضمن البحث تمهيدا واربعة فصول وخاتمة فضلا عن قائمة المصادر والمراجع . اما التمهيد فكان على قسمين : الاول تناولت فتناولت فيه الفتنة في اللغة والاصطلاح ، والثاني : نشاة لسانيات النص ، ونحو الجملة ونحو النص . فيما كانت فصول الرسالة على ثلاثة محاور هي : مايتعلق بالنص وهما الفصلان الاول والثاني ، وما يتعلق بمستعمل النص ومتلقيه ، وهو الفصل الثالث ، فيما خصص الفصل الرابع بما يحيط النص . وكان الفصل الاول قد خصص للاتساق ، اذ قسمته على ثلاثة مباحث، تناولت في المبحث الاول الاتساق الصوتي بعناصره، وهي : الفاصلة القرانية، والجناس، والتوازي. وخصصت المبحث الثاني بالاتساق النحوي، وقد ضم : الاحالة، والاستبدال، والحذف، والربط . وفي الثالث درست الاتساق المعجمي بشقيه التكرير والتضام .اما الفصل الثاني فقد كان من حصة الانسجام ، وقد قسمته على مبحثين تناولت في المبحث الاول العلاقات النصية ، وفي الثاني تطرقت الى علم المناسبة في القران الكريم . وجاء الفصل الثالث بعنوان المعايير النصية التي تتعلق بمنشىء النص ومتلقيه ،وهما القصد والقبول وقسمته على مبحثين : مبحث للقصد ، ومبحث للقبول .اما الفصل الرابع فكان للمعاير التي تتصل بالنص ماديا وثقافيا ، وهي سياق الموقف ، والتناص ، والاعلامية ، وقسمته على ثلاثة مباحث : الاول لسياق الموقف ، والثاني للتناص ، والثالث للاعلامية . وذيلت البحث بخاتمة تضمنت اهم النتائج التي توصل اليها الباحث ، واخيرا قائمة بالمصادر والمراجع. اما المصادر التي اعتمدتها الدراسة فشملت كتب التفسير واللغة والنحو والبلاغة وما تيسر من كتب الدراسات القرانية والبلاغية والرسائل الجامعية، ومن الواجب هنا التنبيه على انني اعتمدت في دراستي على كتابين اعتمادرائيسا الاول : النص والخطاب والاجراء لروبرت بورجراند ، والثاني : لسانيات النص مدخل الى انسجام الخطاب لمحمد خطابي . ولم يسلم البحث من وعورة الطريق وعثراتها ، فقد واجه الباحث بعض الصعوبات ومنها : ندرة مصادر هذا البحث الخاصة بالمجال التطبيقي ؛ لكون هذا العلم يحرث ارضا جديدة لم تينع بعد، والتداخل الاصطلاحي والمفهومي بين مصطلحات علم النص ومفاهيمه ، وكيفية التوفيق بينها وتوجيهها الوجه المطلوب كان من ابرز المعوقات في اثناء هذه الرحلة . ويدعوني واجب الاعتراف بالمن ان اقدم وافر الشكر، وجميل العرفان الى استاذي ومشرفي المشرف(الاستاذ المساعد الدكتور صاحب منشد عباس) الذي اقول له بشراك قول رسول الله () "ان الحوت في البحر. والطير في السماء ليصلون على معلم الناس الخير" فله كل الشكر والثناء على ما تحمله من جهد الاشراف على هذا البحث ،وتصحيح عثراتي فيه ،فلم اعدم منه تقويم خطا، وتقديم عون، مع ارشاد الى راي فجزاه الله عني وعن طلبة العلم واهله خير الجزاء.واخيرا… فان الله سبحانه وتعالى كان من وراء توفيقي وسدادي في هذا الجهد الذي غايته خدمة كتابه العزيز، واظهار وجه من وجوه عظمة هذا الكتاب المعجز، فقد كان الله تعالى معنا دائما، يوجهنا بفضله، ونسير على هداه، ونرجو بلطفه ان يسامحنا، فلربما جرنا شطط في تفسير بعض ايات كتابه الكبير، فنشكره شكر الحامدين على هدايتنا ما زالت شمس تشرق على الارض، ونستغفره من سهونا وخطئنا فلا عاصم الا هو، فمنه التوفيق والرضا والمغفرة، وختاما فان قوله تعالى احسن القول | Great thanks to Almighty Allah and peace and prayer upon his passenger, Mohhammed and his household, the kind and pure. Then…The learners had believed in the seventies of the previous century that the limited frame of the sentence must be extended towards the text as a unit . That's why they spoke aloud for the establishment of a new scientific field which studies cases that classic studies couldn’t. This is called "Text Linguistics".In fact, this science had gained my attention since the first year of my study of Master of Arts. To this end, I hoped to study a subject in a new way which different from the classic ones. In this case, the choice was the seven criteria of Robert de Beaugrande to be applied in Ayat al fitna in Quran . I can honestly say that I've faced certain difficulties in this study but I have passed them by the help of God.The study consists of three chapters and an conclusion. The introduction of the study has been divided into two parts : the first one is a biography of the poet while the second included the following : - Fitna linguistics - The Fitna text in lingual lessonThe first chapter deals with three sections. The first one studies the phonetic link by its elements like, parallel, similarity in pronunciation rhyme applied them in Ayat al fitna. The second section deals the grammatical concord which involved substitution, deletion and joining. The third section included the lexical concord in its two types . The second chapter studied the association. This has been divided into two sections. The first section focuses on the textual relations while the second refers to structural text where the single unit is divided in eight themes . The third chapter included four sections. The first one is related to "intention" and "acceptance" while the second is about the situation. In the third section I've studied indication while the fourth one deals with text accordance . The conclusion of the study included the most important results the study has reached at. The last was a list of references.The study has faced certain difficulties. For example, the topic is so modern that there was a big problem concerning references on the applied field.By the way, my gratitude to my supervisors Dr. Jaber Muhsin Aliway for instructive suggestions without him the study cannot reach an end. He always teaches me how to face the questions of pioneers in the field. Lot of Thanks to the great poet, Ahmed Bukheet and miss Maha from Egypt. Deep thanks to the researcher, Mutlak for providing me with certain references. My thanks to all those who helped me to achieve this work. I am eagerly waiting the birth of this little work. Thanks for God .

توظيف الحيوان في كتاب جمهرة الامثال لابي هلال العسكري (395هـ) == Animal Employment in the Arab Proverb In Abi Hillal Al - Askari's (395 A.H.)

Author name: شيماء ابراهيم راضي الكرعاوي
Supervisor name: عامر صلال راهي الحسناوي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Praise be to Allah and peace and blessings be upon our holy prophet Muhammad and his purified progeny.Proverbs acquire their importance from life in their being a legacy for the most touching needs of human nature in most of its ways. As such , the proverb is an ever - lasting monitoring authority in support of idealistic conduct.Believing in the active role of the proverb in improving the framework of life, I have opted for going deeper into the insights of proverbs.The multitude and sequence of studies on Arab proverbs cannot be considered a matter of repetition because each study has its distinctive characteristic from other studies. There are many examples in this regard.Hardly any work is devoid of difficulties facing it; as such one of the difficulties that faced me was how to make the structure as concise as possible which imposed on the researcher much effort concerning the analysis of the proverb in light of the study tools. Furthermore , most proverbs are in the form of "'af'al" which did not go beyond the hyperbole scope in all of them. This has made the researcher concentrate on the lexical meaning of the animal and the situation upon which the proverb is based. As regards the structure of the research , it has been divided into a preface and three chapters and a conclusion.Chapter one has dealt with the lexical function and what has resulted out of it as regards meanings which had an active contribution towards enriching the proverb structure . The chapter has been divided, therefore, into three sections the first of which included the( lexicon of pets) while the second included the( lexicon of birds) and the third section was (lexicon of the animals miscellany) in which is collected all that scattered and could not be compiled within an independent section. Therefore, it has been divided into two sub - sections : the first deals with insects and vermin while the second deals with predators. Chapter two which is entitled( contextual function ) has dealt with the impact of context in firmly fixing the meaning of the proverb and has been divided into two sections . The first section is entitled the ( the influential function) which has dealt with the scope of emotional and behavioral influence as a first step to adjust or change emotions and behaviors in case they are obscene or laying emphasis on what is commendable . Second section has dealt with (reference function) which is concerned with interpretive cases that adopted the first proverb situation as springboard to clarify what comes next . As such the historical aspect has been endorsed as reliable.Chapter three deals with ( textual function) which has also included two sections. Section one deals with (stimulation function) which is used for observing the linguistic styles such as forwarding and postponement , elision and mentioning and relativization and separation ,etc.) which have formed an alarming motive to secure the continuity between the parties of the discourse. The second section entitled the ( aesthetic function) deals with observing the rhetorical elements such as metonymy ,metaphor and simile which have sometimes taken out of personification and materialization an expressive form and out of suggestion and symbol more expressive forms on some other occasions .The research has arrived at some conclusions one of which is that all means of creation have been made available as a result of possessing an abundant language rich in its suggestions which has greatly echoed its indicative objectives in addition to containing some scientific indications that revealed the level of the thinking of the Arabs by then despite the primitive means they had at their disposals.The statistical aspect of the animal utterances has lead us to discover the rationale for the disparity in employing some utterances to the exclusion of others . Thus the pets have been at the forefront at the expense of other kinds in relation to the proverbial indications referring to it . This shows further that the Arabs did not leave a characteristic of relevance until they touched upon it whether explicitly or implicitly. At the end I should express my gratitude and appreciation to my honorable supervisor who guided me to the path of this research.I wish also to acknowledge that all shortcomings and pitfalls are all smy sole responsibility.The closure of our prayers is that all praise and thanks belong to Allah , the Lord of the worlds.

شروح بردة البوصيري في الدرس الادب القديم حتى نهاية القرن الثالث عشر الهجري

Author name: عقيل عبد الحسن جبر الفتلاوي
Supervisor name: ياسر علي عبد سلمان الخالدي
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Burd s explanations represent the flower of literary production throughout the ages because of the rare literay news linguistic rhetorical and critical contents and the meanings of the meanings of the poem the poem contains high - level literary profiles characterized by its classification and each according to its orientation and do ctriue whether linguistic or literary or Sophia has been formulated by us a wonderful art from and easy to understand and to acquire meanings arranged alogical arrangement easy to the recipient after viewing annotions printed and compositions vision for directions statement of their efforts to cashin this regard divided the study to boot and three chapters unprecedented an interoduction to ensure the boot life al bosairy and his poem albordatalked about the circumstances which was born in which the poem and its importance at critics also ensures boot explicits of the borda best known their order time also ensures agreat annotations any reasons called explicits to explain the poem albordaDiscussed in the first chapter direction language in three sections were section I recently about oriented grammar which included the efforts of explicits grammatical section ll was recently about oriented morphological guarantee the correction explicits and their impact on alborda as for section lll talked in it for oriented semantic because examined in this section contents read that referred explicits and its effect in construction of the poem And chapter2 themed direction the include three investigation of the first of meanings studies the meanings rhetorical which goes out to the question and meanings that goes out to appeal and meanings rhetorical which goes out topray for deletion as for section 2 was informed the statement because examined the analogy in ......... section 3 talked about science budaiya as guarantee the most prominent methods … received the poem that referred… then came the third chapter entitled direction cash and ensures three sections I was on the construction of the poem as contents of the beginning and good getrid conclusion of the poem as it is anovelpillar of the basicbused upon …. In section 3 tallked about the issues of cash other studied the phenomena of music and quotation …. The introduction and conclusion included the most prominent findings of this study ,and proven tributaries

الحقول الدلالية لكلام الامام علي (عليه السلام) في الكافي للكليني ت 328هـ - 329هـ == Semantic Fields of the Sayings of Imam Ali in Al - Kafi by Al - Kulaini

Author name: دعاء رهيف لهو الزيادي
Supervisor name: علي فرحان جواد
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Praise belongs to God, the lord of all being. Blessings and peace be upon the most noble of Messengers, the Prophet Mohammad and on his progeny.Searching in the study of the meaning of the word does not apply unless this word is within a coherent system in a form of a semantic field. It is one of the most important branches of semantics in the modern linguistic studies. It assists to understand the meaning of the word and state its relations and historical development. Therefore, it is among the theories which attract the attention of the researchers, recently, in studying the group of the words that has a similar meaning and put them within a certain linguistic field. The old Arabic scholars identified some of these words but they lack organization and classification and this represented in the method followed by the authors of letters and dictionaries.The proposal of my respected teacher in selecting the title of this thesis concerning the study of " Semantic fields of the sayings of Imam ALI in Al - Kafi by Al - Kulaini (died in 328 - 329 H.) has a positive effect on me as it has a rich Quranic impact, Mohammadi heritage, eloquence, and style as well as the rarity of the linguistic studies in Al - Kafi.I have started studying Alawi texts to extract the vocabularies of IMAM ALI (peace be upon him) in particular to convey the sense to the listener. I have depended on the Al - Kafi by Al - Kulaini to transmit prophetic texts which is corrected and commented by ALI AKBAR AL - GHAFFARI and the Sheikh MOHAMMED AL - AKHWANDI and the introduction, which consists of eight parts, of Dr. HUSSEIN ALI MAHFOODH.After listing and accounting the vocabularies, I have started to develop a plan for the research in a way that meets its nature and I have relied on the analytical descriptive approach. The study has based upon the vocabularies of IMAM ALI stated in AL - KAFI after accounting and distributing them on main fields divided into semantic sets by themes. If their numbers are even, they will be arranged by alphabetic order. There is a method that I have tried to follow which is the study of the word and extract its linguistic (lexical) reference in the old and modern dictionaries, mention its derivation, follow it historically during different linguistic stages (linguistic, era before Islam and Quranic stages) in order to realize its linguistic development or difference. I, however, didn’t findCthis method in some vocabularies (words), i.e. I didn’t find , as far as I know, any pre - Islamic texts or Quranic texts, therefore, I was motivated to know its lexical reference and mention the word reference in the place it is mentioned in and referring to the difference between lexical and text usages.At the end of the research, I have mentioned the most important results which are : 1 - The study has showed in AL - KAFI Book that Sheikh AL - KULAINI realized the idea of semantic fields even if he didn’t give this well - known term. But is was clear and obvious in his distribution of subjects that he dealt with in his book (ascendants and descendants).2 - Imam Ali's opinion about words semantics affected giving his texts a usage dimension concerning each word. The study has stated the purpose of using words in their texts in particular such as specialty, equality, lacking, preference, honoring and transcendence for his high level of eloquence. So, some words such as God, invocation, mosque, and fasting have represented an important factor in structure to form semantics.3 - Imam ALI relied on the argumentation style in using the Imamate words as it has a powerful and effective impact and convince on the text content, especially depending on eloquence means such as metaphor and metonymy.4 - Imam Ali's usage of words in AL - KAFI showed some semantic phenomena such as the phenomenon of semantic development occurred to words during the three stages (lexical, pre - Islamic era, and Islamic era) such as Mecca, Ramadhan, Crescent, mosque, grave - clothes and others, the phenomenon of semantic approaching between Hebrew language and Arabic language in the meaning of the prophets' names such as Ibrahim, Moses, and David where they considered as Islamic names and the phenomenon of semantic specialty in the words of Mohammed, Hajj and others.5 - Depending on studying Imam Ali's speech, it was clear and obvious that his speech parts ranged between imperative, prohibition, emphasis and his attention to linguistic matters representing in linguistic shift and the appearance of number of collocations such as the month of Ramadhan and our father Ibrahim, and the multiplicity of metaphorical items. And it refers to his language competence and the impact of his words on the language composition concerning Alawi texts is deserved to be quoted.6 - Imam Ali's speech has an important effect on Islamic religion. His speech concerning the society categories represented a social theory for rights of individuals (freemen, slave - men) as well as people with disabilities (palsied and crippled).

خطاب الرؤيا في الشعر العراقي الستيني

Author name: مريم جابر عايش
Supervisor name: علي هاشم طلاب الزيرجاوي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

المعتمد بن عباد موضوعا (شعريا) بين ابن اللبانة الداني وابن حمديس موازنة فنية == AL - MUTAMAD IBN ABBAD IS A POETIC THEME BETWEEN IBN AL - LABANA AL - DANY AND IBN HAMDIS : A TECHNICAL COMPARATIVE

Author name: خـديـجـة هاشم عــنـون الــعــوادي
Supervisor name: ستار جبار رزيج
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Al - Mutamad Ibn Abbad Al - Ashbely is an Andalusian prince and poet who was possessed by alienation and living away from country. His poetry, which is diverse according to the diversity of its purposes, is characterized by nostalgia plaint, remorse anguish, patience bitterness and friend betrayal. His experience of expatriation was not restricted to his continuous plaint for his homeland but also expanded to include the repetition of this experience as he lost his large homeland (Al - Andalus), he also lost his small homeland (Sevilla) which he ruled a period of time. He returned to suffer from its downfall in hands of enemies. This point is what made other poets including Ibn Al - Labana Al - Dany and Ibn Hamdis Al - Saqaly discussed the status of Al - Mutamad as a prince and prisoner. The present study adopts observing, reading and analyzing the presence of Al - Mutamad as a poetic theme in the last poems of Ibn Al - Labana Al - Dany and Ibn Hamdis Al - Saqaly, which contain in their last part deep humanistic moments experienced by Al - Mutamad who suffered from exile and faced his death as a tragic reality. The experiences of being captured and exiled were the important painful experiences discussed by the two poets in an honest humanistic sense since they represent a pure personal expression shared by another that seemed a viewer establishing a diverse reality not experienced by the self. Presenting Al - Mutamad in this sad experience cannot be considered as a declaration of a specific affiliation which relies on a politic theme to penetrate the text for the purposes of spreading and outgrowing. Pain moments are shorter and deeper than filling their gaps by theorizing and its senseless shapes that cannot originate from the heart and do not harmonize feeling especially when these moments are mixed with a sense of deep alienation as in the experience of Al - Mutamad. Poems of Ibn Al - Labana Al - Dany and Ibn Hamdis Al - Saqaly, whose essence is Al - Mutamad, are full of pain of Al - Mutamad's last exile which was imposed upon him by capturing. These poems portrayed the sense of death in the poet's strange consciousness who was suffering from two crises : his alienation from homeland as well as his death away from homeland. This explains Al - Mutamad's patriotism and humanity or their mixing together in a tearful poetic voice full of hope which does not appear in a lot of sad scenes during his capturing. The study consists of a preliminary and three chapters. The preliminary deals with Al - Mutamad's life before and during capturing. Chapter one discusses the poetic language and the role of words, structures and discourse with taking into account the sad atmospheres that the poet lived through his exile after capturing with concentration, condensation and brevity. Chapter two is devoted to explaining the poetic images, the use of these images through discussing Al - Mutamad's issue as well as the role of passion and imagination in expressing the issue of the homeland firstly and Al - Mutamad secondly. Furthermore, it deals with Al - Badiaa in their poetry. Chapter three focuses on the rhythm and its role in dealing with the homeland issue and Ibn Abbad between passion and awareness of homeland issue through adopting approaches including narrative and dialogue to reach at a perfect logical vision of the intellectual and psychological dimensions of Al - Mutamad. The most important conclusions the study arrives at are : 1. The prominence of the reforming and moralizing features in poetry of the two poets in the period preceding the state downfall. Those poets had a historical role via directing speeches to people of Al - Andalus in that era. Therefore, their poetry was characterized by adopting prohibition, interrogation as well as appeal styles as linguistic and technical devices to make the idea received by all people not only by a special class of people. 2. Clarity had a special presence among other technical features adopted by the two poets in the phase preceding the state downfall because reforming approach was required for those poets. Their main concern was not only affecting emotions and feelings of recipients through the music of the text but also making the text (their poetry) full of ideas and meanings that could have been written in prose and this feature was embodied in several axes including : the thematic axis in which most ideas and contents seem simple, superficial and free from any depth and do not reveal ideas and meanings in the poet's mind and his ability to portray life. Moreover, in the linguistic axis most words and structures appear in their highest levels of clarity through their pragmatic existence as well as their linguistic relation within the text. Therefore, this feature made poetic sentences close to prose ones except their special prosodic characteristics. Clarity can be considered as a positive feature if another aesthetic features are associated with it as what has been seen in poetry of some poets such as Ibn Zaidoun, Mohammad Ibn Ammar and others whose poetic language was simple, full of expressing musical rhythm and exciting technical images in addition to the clear coherence within the text.3. Some poems of Ibn Al - Labana and Ibn Hamdis before the state downfall were characterized with the prose feature or what is critically known as reportorial feature and this is due to the clarity of ideas and contents firstly and the prominence of rhetoric characteristic with its technical mechanisms including command, prohibition, interrogation and appeal secondly. Additionally, their poetry was full of pragmatically common expressions and some of which were not harmonious metrically and phonetically. All these made their poetry close to prose

اناشيد الطفولة في الـعراق1880م - 1940م : دراسة موضوعية فنية == Children's Songs in Iraq 1880 - 1940 A.D An objective and artistic study

Author name: حسيـــــن عطيـة علوان الس لطاني
Supervisor name: علي هاشم طلاب الزيرجاوي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The poetic texts that came smooth - spoken out of the mouths of children's song poets to be poured in the ears of our dear children are verily worth of studying and contemplation to explore the contents which they followed in order to nurture our young generations who are considered the basic edifice for each society in terms of spiritual nurturing and a good mentality promoting their thought when young and aiding them in old age.As a result of feeling of the importance of these children's songs for the child's taste and for winning his desire and care, the researcher opted that the topic of the thesis will be (Children's Poetry in Iraq) . But after a discussion with the supervisors and for objective reasons , it has been agreed to have the topic as (Children's Songs in Iraq : an objective and artistic study) which is a part of Children's poetry so that we could shed light on children's songs in Iraq from 1880 - 1940.,to show Iraqi people and the whole nation ,about the pure poets and religious men and feeding parents and linguistics and a group of famous Iraqi poets, for their efforts in poetry concerning national ,religious moral and scientific for new generation and giving high patron ship and pure for proud hearing and know the methods they use for targeted direction .The reason behind our stop for the year 1940 A.D is that; we shoud identify the beginning because it was unknown ,since there were no preceding theses to determind this period,to start from where it had finished,after we had deeply discussed in this thesis ,we should stop in the limit of the aspects which should be very clear,this was because this thesis is the only one in Iraq which is specialized in children's songs,and we put a beginning in the year 1880 A.D,when we calculate sources that fit the requirements for the thesis up to the year 1940 A.D,we stop to the overcoming of the different aspects , because past sixty years enriched the thesis and covered all what we need,if add other information ,there is a need for another thesis, because of the big efforts which were neglected and not studied.There are several reasons make us choose this title ,thus we seek all narrating works written concerning children's songs before weapply for postgraduate study this was the first.Secondly the necessity of revealing and showing in different theses in Iraqi and Arab universities,to know the names of those poets and their efforts in this modern literature which was mentioned previously throughout this thesisThirdly ;knowing their writings and distributions in this literature and their participation with others in editing poetic groups relating to children's songs and their efforts in this fieldFourthly ,attaching senior of the Iraqi children's poets and their verse ,they passes through this verse simply not deeply.in such that one of the famous Egyptian researchers in children's literature (Dr Ahmed Zalad ) could not distinguish the senior between (Al rusafi and Mustafa Jawad) in his thesis in children's literature)( origins, concept ,pioneers)168Fifthly ;necessity of knowing the figures of speech which Iraqi children's poets had deeply discussed and how they make benefit from these styles to serve the new generation and the effort done by each one sixth;Sheding light on the methods of using story , poetic play ,myth ,symbol..as could we get away and would they study these things in their verse during their beginning.Seventh;determine the poetic pioneering for each group pf poets and know the most important artistic criteria Eighth;Explaing the ambiguity for many researchers and university theses and distinguishing between poetry . As such, the thesis has been assigned a preface in which we have studied songsidiomatically and conventionally as well as their roots in Arabic poetry . We have traced the origination in classical Arabic poetry and the development in modern Arabic poetry, and we have discussed the viewpoints of both Iraqi and Arab scholars. We have also uncovered many views that have no tangible reality.Chapter one has been devoted to the origination of children's songs in Iraq and their development in Ottoman and British rule and upon the formation of the Iraqi state till the actual formation down to 1940.Chapter two is about the vision or objective goals where we have studied the enthusiastic, sentimental,educational,sociable,psychological and entertaining goals.Chapter three has been devoted to the technical study in which we dealt with the language of the songs, their forms and music. We have presented a detailed study regarding the musical leadership of the Iraqi poets of children's songs supporting our argument with poetic texts.The research has arrived at the following findings : 1. The people of Iraq being scholars, poets, men of letters and educators had for each of them an initiative and a minaret in the fields of poetry, literature, science, language and art in general. We havenot been motivated to assert this out of prejudice and partiality , rather we have been impressed by the facts of achievement. It has become, therefore, clear for us that they had the leadership in the children's song throughout the whole Arab world and for eighteen good years.2. The efforts of men of religion, linguists , great poets , judges and educators have been exerted to find poetry that was fit for children nurturing their tastes without exhausting them in its reading or its being hard for understanding . All this was around the last quarter of the 19th century A.D.3. Those noble prominent people forced their way to find very short , original and newly - used meters . They were preceded by none to such an extent that their poetic and musical leadership became the model for coming generations and the pole molar around which the songs evolved.4. The first category of the first generation was less varied in topics because it stressed the national, religious and moral aspect while the second category came to complete what the first overlooked. Then the second and third generations came and so on and so forth. They were more open - minded to all constructive topics , contents and noble sublime purposes.5. It has been manifested that more than twenty two works in forms of a single collection of poetry or joint collections have contained more than one hundred and fifty songs . A quarter of this effort has not been achieved by the whole Arab world even after its publication in the Arab journals and papers.6. Great linguists such as Mustafa Jawad and Islamic historians such as Mahmood Al - Mallah and Sheikh Qassim Al - Sha'ar have joined hands with great poets such as Ar - Russafi and the philosopher Az - Zahawi to produce this innovated poetry . This renders invalid the claim that children's poetry attracted only the weak and incapable poets. Rather, the converse was true.7. Reclining on some objective visions (goals) such as the enthusiastic vision in its being the love of homeland was one of the findings in the research. This also includedfeeling proud of self - esteem and the political life in Iraq and urging the people to resist colonialism.8. As far as poetic language is concerned, they laid emphasis in their poetry on war utterances which won the first place . As for the utterances of glory and pride , the word glory has been mentioned eleven times and pride eight times while other words were mentioned in less frequency.9. The poetic images for those pioneers were carefully selected in special spiritand scientifically so that it could be at the disposal of the child's taste. The poets were found to be acquainted with all forms of rhetoric devices.10. As regards the external music, the acatalectic ramalmeteroccupied the first rank followed by the acatalectic rajazandkamilrespectively,while other meters followed them. The rhymes had also similar presencewhere the nun rhyme won the first place.11. For internal music , the alliteration won the first place followed by the repetition.12. As for the methodology ( trends), they touched upon it in a transparent way. They aimed at the deliberate use of educational, social and psychological matters.13. It has become manifest that the vision of the ancient classical poet was different from the modern one according to the environment and culture for each age . The ancient poet wrote for his child while the modern poet looked at the child asan independent entity with capabilities and desires14. Accordingly and as Dr. Omar Ahmed Al - Talib has proved as regards the child's theatre and what the research has proved, the last quarter of the 19th century and specifically the year1880 was the real birth of children's literature in Iraq and the Arab homeland in general under the leadership of Iraqi children's song poets

الاخر في شعر ابن هانئ الاندلسي == The Other in the Poetry of Ibn Hani' Al - Andalusi

Author name: حسن هادي منشد
Supervisor name: ستار جبار رزيج
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The topic of my thesis (The Other in the Poetry of Ibn Hani' Al - Andalusi(died 362A.H)) which is one of the topics that emerged as a result of the evolution of life and its expansion . The subject of the other which is prominent these days is the most widely researched among scholars . After the expansion of the Arab ego , it began to aspire to the non - Arab other. Comparisons have been conducted between this ego and the other especially the Roman and the Persian ones.The term , therefore, has emerged as a relative changing concept; its connotations were varied : it denoted all that which was different from the self such as man in contrast to woman, Arab in contrast to non - Arab and the slave in contrast to the master.This study has dealt with the other in the poetry of Ibn Hani' Al - Andalusi. The latter has addressed the other whether hostile or friendly, agreeing or differing with that other. The image of the other has , therefore, been coloured according to the multiplicity of colours of the life of the poet who touched upon the manifestations of the hostile other since the very beginning of one's life as represented by the Omayyad other ; consequently , his sect and religious belief lead him to clash even further . He has faced the Abbasside and Persian other. It was not only this : the poet formed an image for the other different from the hostile image which is the image of the other compatible with his ego or self . The poet has crowned all this with various meanings the most conspicuous of which were the praised other , the woman and the lamented other .The poet did not stop at this point ; rather he tried to form an image for the other through his self because the cultural heritage stored by his self and which was the best aid for him in highlighting the image of the other through the technique of symbolization and mythology which have been employed to uphold the image of the praised. These mythological symbols have represented the other for the poet's self.The research have arrived at the following conclusions : 1. The images of the other in the poetry of Ibn Hani' Al - Andalusi were varied in their being human and non - human and this other may agree or disagree with the self because the self composing poetry has varied as regards acceptance and rejection and reflected the psychological aspects as represented by the ego of the poet.2. The image of the praised other has occupied a wide space of the poets product and this image has carried meanings with numerous forms which became apparent in describing the other/ the praised through epithets revealing the poet's admiration of this other and in which the other embraced the self on the one hand and a close contact and solidarity between the characteristics of the other/ the praised and its religious sect on the other. Therefore, the ego and the other the praised representing the religious faith became compatible .3. The poet depicted one of the levels of the other compatible with the ego and that depiction was the woman in contrast to man . This woman was not separated from him (the man) and the concentrations of the loved woman the other was predominant in his poems whether in his introductions or within his poems and may be a felt reality or imagination . The other depiction was of the mother as in his lamenting of J'afar's and Yahya's mother and it seemed it was an influencing factor in the ego of the poet because he saw in her the mother of which the poet was deprived throughout .4. The research has concluded that the other , the lamented has been represented by the poet through Imam Hussein( peace be upon him) : an expositions which had a dimension for the individual and the Shi'a collective ego because he has depicted the dimension of the Omayyad hostility for the Shi'a aspect of self through depicting Karbala calamity which carried a positive landmark or fingerprintsss in the poet's product , thus it was an expression of the ego or the self

الاتساق النصي في السور القرانية المستهلة باسلوبي الشرط او القسم

Author name: جبران شاطي معلك الهلالي
Supervisor name: صاحب منشد عباس الزيادي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The subject of search is (The Cohesion textuality in the surahs of the Holy Quran initiated by condition or section), and the Cohesion is the sound, lexical, and grammatical relationships and tools that appear on the the text and link the parts and unite their meaning, and is one of the seven criteria set by the Robert de - Beugrand and Dressler which supposed the text to text, and these criteria result from the modern linguistic studies in the 1980s, to bypass sentence and starting to text in linguistic analysis.The choice was some verses of the Quran, the most informed text in existence, are the verses of Quran that starts in two styles condition or section; because these verses starts with tool of cohesion tools, linking two sentences or phrases for each other.The nature of the research required to have three chapters : first chapter (Sound cohesion), and discussing four are : Quranic comma, and paronomasia, syllable parallelism, and intonation, and second chapter (Lexical cohesion), and discussing two : recurrence and the lexical accompaniments, and third chapter (Grammatical cohesion), and It is in three are : reference, ellipsis, and Conjonction. and prior to the introduction, which showed the concepts text and cohesion, and then moved to establish cohesion in some arab heritage, books and followed by a conclusion stating the most important results are : 1 - back to the Finder differencein ratios that means cohesion of precious surahs sample study, reference types, intonation, conjunetion, and tying anniversary, Quranic comma, ellipsis, and Conjonction by condition or section, the contrast, the most visible. and the examples syllable parallelism, and some kinds of paronomasia and recurrence and lexical accompaniments less than its predecessors. While scarce or no examples of antagonism recurrence, and lexical substitution.2 - Meet precious surahs texts - in often - cohesion sound tools and lexicography and grammatical, and more what unified tools consistency per the Quranic comma as a Union, and paronomasia, syllable parallelism, and intonation for example; if anything it shows deliberate expression of the Qur'an in the selection and choice of its text, which gives it high strength in cohesion, make the receiver felt by simply receiving the text.3 - Most precious surahs studied surahs makiah are more verses with limited, and to intensify the idea, and concise wording, and this required purpose which addressed this surahs, it means to confirm the oneness of Allaah, and prove the fact gathering and calculation, reward and punishment, and other things related to the origins of the faith, not the need for redundancy and detail; the Parties means consistency closer together, if not in a single verse in the verses or verses are contiguous; And convergence that makes them more coherence and interdependence, and more reveal the purpose of this surahs.4 - Tools for grammar and coherence means more control and most of the sound and lexical tools, and make sure the reference that more elements of coherence in surahs, especially conscientious, the researcher can hardly find any or devoid of conscience, or the name of the signal, or compare, or the demonstrative pronoun, and this was in all its manifestations : endophora, exophora, anaphora, cataphora, walbadet, tribal, close and distant, in varying proportions.5 - the study proved that the exophora reference transmitting the assignor to the assignee beyond text can lead to cohesion, but provided that the receiver, its cultural inventory, and with the help of the place of revelation, and the circumstances and surroundings, functioning, and so on, to determine this element through which explains the assignor, if this condition exposed the veil which was passing the assignor and consistent text, until the assignee assignor thumb removal cohesion and in difference to what some scholars of this type does not work on text, increased casting so they may be more effective in creating other types of texts to achieve a standard of harmony and the standing, as well as cohesion

الحجاج في ايات الاحكام

Author name: ثائر عمران شدهان الجنابي
Supervisor name: عايد جدوع حنون
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

الاتسا ق النصي في خطب واقعة الجمل ورسائمها

Author name: ايمان ورد غالي المشعلاوي
Supervisor name: محمود عبد حمد اللامي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis his concerned with patterns of textual cohesion of a text in reference to the verbal and semantic connections. Accordingly; this cohesion has clear and particular means which represent one of the seventh criteria of a text mentioned by De Beaugrande and Dressler.Some linguistic studies and theories had been emerged in 0891s among which was the theory of textual language of the seventh criteria which called for whole text constitution rather than to individual sentences. . Texts of Al - Jemel Battle Speech and Theses have been chosen as the sample of the study. Scientific curiosity to notify the modern theory constitutes the main reason behind this study for the purpose of practical investigation. Hence these texts have their special features as being remonstrated being a part of linguistic remonstrating. As a matter of fact the study has divided into three chapters and each divided into sections. Chapter one is about the phonetic cohesion which includes three sections; rhymed prose‚ alliteration and solmization. Chapter two deals with lexical cohesion in the form of repetition and lexical compactness. Chapter three is to consider the syntactical cohesion where three sections are presented; transformation, elision and connection. All of these chapter have been preceded by an introduction and prelude where sentence and text syntax and their differences have been referred to. The subject of context and its function of textual context have also been considered. Moreover, the role of speech, speaker, listener and theirroles throughout the process of textual cohesion to the text is considered via the most related references. The study comes to the conclusion that the element of cohesion and different in their presentation, and the most influential part the sample of the study as a part of the syntactical text. In the same time; it is worth to mention that elements are quite lacking due to insufficient usage.

المرويات السردية في التذكرة الحمدونية : دراسة في الانواع والبناء == The Narrative novels in Hamdonias remembrance A case study in kinds and constructions

Author name: ماهر حميد عبد الزيادي
Supervisor name: شيماء خيري فاهم الشباني
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The Arab narrative has recently attracted the attention of Arab scholars and scholars; it is an integral part of the Arab heritage in general, which represents the identity of the nation, with its values and ideas, which have been based on different formats according to the number of writers and writers, each according to their own subjective tendencies and ideology.To the achievement of his existence through self - criticism and the other; which drew the attention of many writers, critics and scholars because of its special impact in the Arab cultural circles have tried to reveal it and removed the ambiguity on the part of the representative narratives, which arrived through the books Encyclopedic and non Here are the books of literature And the old Arabic works, they contributed to the reading and analysis of many narratives narratives and take them to the literary arena where naturalization and classification and analysis after it was forgotten, to take its place in the real lesson in Arabic, especially the narrative, because of its importance and impact in literary studies and contain many of Realistic elements derived from the everyday reality of society in general .But despite this interest from researchers, there are still many of these narratives, which were formed by meeting literary blogs that have not reached the hands of researchers yet. This is why I suggested to my professor, Dr. Shaima Khairi, a topic in this context. The choice was made for (the narrated narratives in the Hamdooni ticket - a study of species and construction) to be the subject of my message .This is what led us to read the narrative narratives in the book of the ticket and read the analysis of the structural analysis based on the interpretation that was found in order to explain the existence ( 1 ) , which we found an integral part of the narrative fabric of narrative narratives, and whether the historical narrative is a way to deliver knowledge, or Which tries to portray social reality in all its dimensions. The purpose of this study is to reveal the literary genres and their literary characteristics, and to study them according to the structural approach, especially the structural. See : Presence, Time and Narration - Paul Ricour's Philosophy : 31 ( 1 )AbstractBstructure, which, with the benefit of other modern monetary methods The statistical method used by the researcher to explain how Ibn Hamdoun used his narrative narratives to employ literature after revealing the extent of the large disparity between the types of each species. This indicates his literary orientations (Monetary), which enabled us to reveal the literary system in the Code of Hamdonia, which sees the search that they are cohesive cultural relations, it was one of the treasures of the ancient Arab heritage; because of the value of literary and monetaryThus, the nature of the study necessitated the division of the research into three chapters, preceded by an introduction and an introduction. The portal was devoted to showing the overlap of the literary genres and the difference between sex and gender.The first chapter deals with the study of narratives and types of narratives, after it was divided into four sections. The first of them concerned the genus of the news and its origin, and it was based on seven axes that dealt with the types of news contained in the book of the ticket such as literary, We have tried to distinguish between the new species according to the structural modulations of each type, after identifying their species and classifying their types. The second topic : We followed the rare species with a statement The boundaries between them and the news depending on the number of features that belong to each gender, and was on four axes, where we discussed the types of sex rare as they appear in the ticket where the different types (social, political, religious, and nationality), with a statement in these types of And the third topic : it came on the seven axes we touched on the gander of the story and its various types was talk about (literary story, interpretation, historical, comic, and imaginary (strange) and imaginary (Wonder) and predictive (sleep), and the fourth and last He was interested in paradise Other narratives are particularly gander established and the literature of the journeyAfter this was done, the researcher moved in the second chapter : to study the components of the narrative configuration to discuss how the formation of these narratives of the narrative, with a statement of the difference between the components of narrative formation, and elementsAbstractCof narrative construction, came on four questions also, And the other components, such as the initiation which came in the second subject, while the third topic : interested in the formation of poetry and its role in the construction of narcotic narratives, and the fourth topic : I have concluded the conclusion. We have attempted in this four detective to reveal the role of each component depending on the nature of narrative formation and the role it performs within the narrative text .As for the third and last chapter, he focused briefly on the study of the elements of narrative construction, and he had to be on four topics as well. The first topic dealt with the event and the method of its construction in all the narrators. , After which comes the third topic : which was the share of time after we tried to go back where the past and read it in order to understand the social reality and the conflicts in order to exist, The fourth topic : was focused on studying the place and types contained in the ticket, Its role in additionto other elements in building For the narrators of the narrative .Thus, by analyzing all narrative narratives, the researcher was able to expose the social reality and what was happening in it to the exclusion and marginalization of its members who do not have the ability to confront the authority and its authoritarian regime. This clearly shows us the interest of Ibn Hamdoun in the issues of society and what he suffered after He tried hard to find the appropriate solutions to her, in different literary ways and disadvantages represented in his literary output, which reached us in the form of a literary code that is marked by a Hamdonian reminder, from here we can discern the relationship of literature to society.Then the study concluded with the most important results reached by the researcher after studying the descriptive levels and types in the book Hamdronia ticket.Here we must mention several things : 1 - This study must have been recognized thanks to the previous studies of the book of the ticket Hamdonia, which are three only, and the first is entitled : (literary and monetary value in the book Hamdonia - descriptive study, researcher (Marilyn Awad Allah), and the second came under the title The first one was about the life of the writer and the nature of hisAbstractDwriting of the book of the ticket. The researcher presented a general description of the book with an indication of the sources of the writer, as well as Dara His life and his effects with Statement of causes and motives of authorship. While the second study talked about the rare sources, and its relation to the doors of the other books, as well as the study of the nature of the formation of rare as long and short and others, as well as studying the language and style with reference to the life of the writer. As for the last study, the researcher focused on the nature of the method followed by Ibn Hamdoun in his writing of the book, and soon went to the statement of the manifestations of the pilgrims in all the prose texts. In addition, the study, entitled "The Book of the Literary Ticket, A Study in the Methodology and Monetary Phenomena", was presented tothe researcher Marwa Abdul Khaleq. The researcher presented Ibn Hamdoun's curriculum in his book after she gave us a nearly complete description of the chapters and chapters of the book.This led us to dispense with the study of the life of the writer and the nature of his method of writing in addition to the reasons and motives that were previously included in the introduction to his book.2 - This study focused on the study of literary species under four literary genres represented the main pillars of the book of the ticket, after we have taken a lot of standard criteria for study, namely : (news, and rare, and the story, and the establishment, and the literature of the trip), with the presence of other races came scattered In the whole book, such as speeches, debates, letters, and correspondence, sermons can not be studied in narrative. They lack many of the narrative elements, as well as their basic purpose, which is the purpose of the sermon. The other three races did not constitute a prominent feature in the book of the ticket can be studied in a particular subject, it came in a few percentages can not be studied.3 - We did not translate the names of the flags mentioned in the letter; for two reasons, one : the fame of these characters and the knowledge of the recipient of the most, and the second : is the large number of these characters was the translation to them to weigh the margins and increase the many.

المراة في ادب ميسلون هادي الروائي : دراسة في الانساق الثقافية

Author name: حميد عبيد جبار العسكري
Supervisor name: فوزية لعيوش غازي الجابري
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The world of novelist Michelle Hadi is crowded with women, and this remarkable presence of woman is a phenomenon that has imposed itself on the literary scene. It was the reason for the study to follow the writer's novelist output, to examine the images of woman in it and to show her suffering, concerns and conflict. The study examines women's literature in the literature of women's conflict with the continent's cultural patterns for the purpose of self - affirmation and the realization of women's identity. In Cultural Patterns, the study sought to trace the novels of the writer from the first novel (The fatal mistake, 1/1/1992 to the last novel by Jano Ant Hakayti, I, 2017). The study adopted the method of cultural analysis. Cultural analysis focuses on understanding the literary textwithin its historical context, not as a historical document but rather as an aesthetic and formative structure. It follows the narrative phenomena and returns them to the components With the use of interpretive on the embedded patterns and their connection to the cultural product. The study came in three chapters preceded by an introduction and a preface entitled (Woman is a topic in the Iraqi women's novel), which touched on a series of novels that dealt with the status of woman as champions and studied issues related to woman. The first topic is a conflict with masculinity, which is divided into two axes : First, undermining woman and addressing two issues : marginalization of woman and defamation of woman. The second section deals with the conflict of self, the internal struggle of woman (psychological), while the third topic deals with the conflict with cultural references, customs and traditions. The second chapter deals with (the types of dominance of woman in the narrative text ) and this presence represented images produced by the texts studied The study focused on three images and found them are the most prominent among the rest of the images, making three of them dealt with the first section of educated woman and movement in the community, which was limited to the view that the body without a mind, and studied the multiple images of educated women to show the error of male culture in this aspect, And me The second topic is the mother woman and her role in the family. The mother's image emerged in a number of novels after the division of the subject into the real mother and the alternative mother. In the third chapter, entitled Women and Critical Issues, the chapter tackled the relationship of women to fateful issues (war, religion, homeland), in which three subjects studied woman and war; The third topic deals with the woman's relationship to the place where she lives, and the subject will be long at the narrative place represented by the country. The study concluded with the most thank my mentor Dr. Fawzia Laius Ghazi Al - Jabri for her acceptance of the supervision of my letter, and for her sincere and honest effort. I was overwhelmed by her knowledge and thanks. She presented me with the summary of her experience in the criticism of the novel through her valuable monetary observations. If it were not for this work, she has all the thanks and gratitude

الرسائل الشعرية عند احمد شوقي : دراسة موضوعية فنية == The poetic Messages of Ahmed Shawqi A technical - Subjective Study

Author name: فردوس نعيم عبد الحسين الظالمي
Supervisor name: وليد شاكر نعاس الرفاعي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The research is specialized to study the poetic messages of Ahmed Shawqi by analyzing and artistic - subjective study. The main aim is to consider the value of these messages and their qualities in reference to the rest of his poetry as well as to determine the rate of innovation and creativity of their purposes, recipients and the level of reflection to Shawqi’s time and environment where he lived and transferred throughout various locations that had a great influence upon his messages. Accordingly, each stage had its own special messages to express the fact of these messages. The study is built on an introduction to review previous studies to be followed by a prelude including the general meaning of the message as well as the particular meaning of that poetic message together with the concepts of symbol, date of issue, motivation, criterion, condition and types. The subjective study is to be followed into two chapters. The first is the messages of the social occasion and Brotherhood to be presented into three parts i.e. the messages of Condolence and lamentation, the messages of Congratulations and finally the less common messages of Home Nostalgia, caresses, apology and thanks.In reference to the second chapter, it is worth to mention that the idea of classicality and creativity is highly investigated into three parts i.e. the messages of wisdom performed by animals, the messages of wisdom that intertwined between the poem and the independent wisdom, and finally the messages of social affairs. The third chapter includes studying of artistic image such as analog, patronymic and symbolic.The poetic language has been investigated in chapter four which consists of two parts; the first deals with articulation whilst the second deals with syntheses.Finally, it is to demonstrate the main achieved results to be followed by references and bibliographies

اسس المعــجــــم القـــــرانـــــي والياتـــــه في كتب معاني القران حتى نهاية القرن الرابع الهجري == Fundamentals and Mechanisms Of Quranic Lexicon in the Books Of Quran lnterpretation Until the End of the Fourth Century Hijri

Author name: زينب خليل عطية
Supervisor name: علي فرحان جواد
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

التوجيه الصوتي للقراءات القرانية عند السمين ت 756 هـ في كتابه عمدة الحفاظ في تفسير اشرف الالفاظ

Author name: احمد هادي جاسم
Supervisor name: احمد حسين عبد السادة
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Quranic readings are considered to be one of the most important sciences due to the fact that the sciences have so many subjects and distinguished by its researches and issues. The subjects of Quranic readings are from Quran and the ways of its performance .Al - Sameen Al - Halabi was a famous figure in the linguistic and interpretation heritage. He is one of our scientists, who left a great heritage to be benefited by the scholars after his death. He was a linguist, interpreter, and prominent grammarian due to his two great books that are considered to be his most famous ones.The researcher’s thesis is (Sounds Directions of the Quranic Readings in Al - Sameen Al - Halabi's The Basis of Conservation in Interpreting the most honourable Words) . It is chosen by the researcher for some reasons : Joining between Quranic readings and Al - Sameen Al - Halabi, the researcher claims that those who have written about Al - Halabi did not cover the search about morphological direction and when reading the book, he or she will feel that Halabi is a great linguist in Arabic language and has a deep sight.The paper has three chapters preceded by brief preface followed by brief conclusion. The preface has Halabi’s perspective ofBQuranic readings and his methodology in directing it. Chapter one includes replacement in vowels and voiceless sounds. This chapter also includes two parts : the first one is replacement in vowel sounds and joins the replacement of the sound (al - dhad to al - sad and vice versa), the sound ( al - ghain to al - ain), the sound (al - qaf to al - fah), the sound (al - bah to al - tah), the sound (al - sad to al - seen), (al - bah to al - thah), the sound (al - hah to al - jeem), and the sound (al - thal to al - dal). The second is the vowel sounds which joins replacement (al - fatha to al - kasera),(al - dham to al - fatha), (al - kasera to al - dham), (al - dham to al - fatha), (al - fatha to al - kasera) and (al - fatha to al - dham). Chapter two is about weighting and mitigation. It also includes two parts : the first one is weighting and joining it to vowel and voiceless vowels and the second is mitigation and joining it to vowel and voiceless sounds. Chapter three is about al - hamza and its facilities. Also, it has two parts : the first one is achieving al - hamza, obligatory, optional hamza and exceptional hamza and the second tackles facilitating al - hamza and facilitating al - hamza by deleting. The paper ends with a conclusion that sums up the findings.The researcher has faced some difficulties such as difficulty in phonological direction sometimes, not all Halabi’s readings are directed phonologically that is why the researcher

المركز والهامش في الرواية النسوية العراقية 2003 - 2010 == Center and margin in the Iraqi feminist novel 2003 - 2010

Author name: ابتهال كاظم احمد الطائي
Supervisor name: فوزية لعيوش غازي الجابري
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

العلاقات العثمانية - النمساوية 1526 - 1606 : دراسة تاريخية == Ottoman - Austrian Relations 1526 - 1606 Historical Study

Author name: باسم كسار كظم وادي البركات
Supervisor name: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: This study examined the relations of the Ottoman - Austrian from 1526 to 1606 and is an important period at the level of relations between the two countries, Ottoman Empire took a period of time suited to its geographic area, which was virtually the largest and longest in the history of nations and empires, reaching an area, which is at its highest power and expansion, over fourteen million square kilometer. It was brought to the attention of the world politically and religiously, when the sixteenth century witnessed a lot of events and developments, it was pivotal century, as witnessed very large shifts and adjustments at all levels and known as a century of military confrontations between the various parties, including the conflict and wars between the Ottoman Empire and Austria, which was part of the war relations between East and West, it was no doubt a century of huge transformations in political systems and direct contacts and missions between the limbs across the Mediterranean Sea and it was also a century of situational alliances and urgent benefits, therefore it was impossible to separate politics from religion, and in particular, what related to file conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the European powers, it was the Renaissance and the Reformation, and the geographical explorations and colonies spread all over the world. The reason for choosing the topic of Ottoman - Austrian relations from 1526 to1606, was Austria's significant role in standing in front of the largest empire in the world to reach to the heart of Europe and controlled it, so Austria stood bulwark in facing Ottoman policy and its progress towards the West, as well as the fact that that period was important for the age of the Ottoman Empire in particular and history in general when it lived in its strengths. To cover these events and developments between the Ottoman Empire and the Austrian this study is divided into the introduction ,four chapters ,a conclusion and summary in English, and the first chapter discusses the relations of the Ottoman - Austrian for the period 1526 - 1566 AD period of the reign of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, and this period represents summit relations in the military side between the two countries and Hungary and controlling it, was the main conflict in the battle of Mohacs in 1526 AD and followed by crawling toward the capital of Austria and siege in 1529 AD, this conflict between the two countries over Hungary coincided with the movement of religious reform that appeared in Europe, which weakened the Europeans to stand in front of the Ottomans and prepare for the opportunity to Ottoman to control many areas of European, but that, this period was not devoid of diplomacy between the two countries, which culminated in establishing several treaties during this period.The first was in 1533, and the Safavid threatened to the Ottomans Eastern Front had the impact in signing the peace treaty between the Ottomans and Austria, That treaty did not put an end to the hostilities attacks between the two sides, and raids on Hungary continued, and ended with the second Treaty in 1547. In spite of holding the treaty but hostilities continued on the border between the two countries till the death of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in 1566, and the second chapter represents the Ottoman - Austrian relations for the period 1566 to 1578 AD which was culminated in the reconciliation Treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Austria in 1568, and the Ottoman Emirate campaign on Astrakhan, which was under the Russian control during the reign of Ivan IV, but the campaign failed without controlling the Emirate, while an important event appeared during this period between the East and the West, it was the Crusader alliance, which was formed by Pope Pius V and Habsburg Empire and Venice, according to the Ottoman attack and occupation of Cyprus in 1570, culminated in the NATO victory EU on the Ottomans at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, which was the most famous war for the defeat of the Ottomans during the sixteenth century, as Chapter III confirmed Ottoman - Alhabsburgah relations (1578 - 1593) AD, which includes Ottoman - English convergence who appeared during this period, because of its impact on the Habsburg joint collaboration between the Ottomans and England in the hit Habsburg Catholics through military support to the Protestants who formed the strength to stand in front of the emperors of Habsburg in all regions of the Romania holy empire, as focused on the axis of an important issue during this period that had occupied the throne of the Polish European circles during the second half of the sixteenth century, and entered into the competition between Austria, Ottomans and Russia. The fourth chapter has dealt with the Ottoman - Alhabsburgah long war in the Balkans (1593 - 1606) AD. In which Europeans showed two important aspects. The first was the principle of the alliance between Aldanobia Emirates and their alliance with the Emperor of Austria, and the second is the development of the military side of the Europeans, which enabled them to the rhythm of several military defeats the Ottomans, at a time when the Ottoman Empire lived in turmoil and chaos as a result of internal rebellions taking place in some regions and Affiliates, in addition to the Safavid threat which began to threaten the eastern front. The result of this has made Ottoman Empire occur in war on two fronts. So it was eventually forced to sign the treaty peace between the Ottoman Empire and Austria and it was named Stafatourk peace in 1606 AD, which showed through its provisions the weakness that appeared on the Ottoman Empire during the early seventeenth century through the provision of dangerous concessions at various levels, made it represents the beginning of the collapse of the Ottoman stature and strength in Europe. At the end of the research we reach the conclusion that the Ottoman Empire at the end of the sixteenth century began vulnerable than it was in the beginning of the century after it reached the maximum of its glory and greatness, while Austria began to develop its military operations as a result of the development in its military capabilities, so that enabled it to repel many Ottoman attacks and made them give big losses. In the end we can say that the beginning of the seventeenth century saw the emergence of many great empires, including the empire of Austria, which became comparable to the Ottoman Empire in all parts of the world
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صناعة الغوص : الغوص وراء اللؤلؤ في الساحل العماني (1820 - 1929) : دراسة تاريخية == The Industry Of Diving : Diving For The Sake Of Pearls In The Omani Shore ( 1820 - 1929) A Historical Study

Author name: محمد حموز لفتة الحجيمي
Supervisor name: حسين كامل جابر الشاهر
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Many researchers and historians have studied the history of the Arab Gulf in general and the history of the Omani Shore ( The United Arab Emirates ) in special , but they in their study concentrate on the political aspects especially in recent times because of the appearance of oil and the area has entered a new stage with the European compete , Many of these political and social aspects need further study and inspection especially in the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century especially if they are studied each alone. This was the motivation to choose this subject. The industry of diving ( Diving for the sake of Pearls in the Omani Shore 1820 - 1929 ) , in this stage , many economical and political changes had taken place in this part of the Arab Gulf , The Emirates of the Omani Shore. The study has specified the period of ( 1820 - 1929 ) because the first date represented the agreement between Britain and the Emirates of the Omani Shore and its arrangements as the observance of quietness and stableness , also Britain had imposed its control on the economical activity of Arabs which is represented by trade because it tied the movement of their trade fleets by inspection once and by observance second , also Arabs were prevented from building big trade ships. As a result , people of the Omani Shore had to depend on another economical activities for the sake of living , so they turns to diving for the sake of pearls because it is the most important economical activity after trade. This thesis contained an introduction , a preface of the subject , four chapters and a conclusion. In the preface , the researcher has explained the importance of pearls in the economy of the Arab Gulf in general and showed its role in directing the European forces to control it because of its great role in the economy of the people of the Arab Gulf reaching the beginning of period of the research. The first chapter had studied the basic elements of diving for the sake of pearls , the researcher studied the natural , social and economical elements and showed its role in diving because of its clear effect on the activity of people. Also the researcher studied the industry of ships and their kinds because of their relation with the process of diving , in addition to the labors because they are the vital role in the industry of diving in addition to the industry of diving tools because they are the main way to achieve the work. The second chapter studied the process of taking pearls out in the Omani Shore. In it , the researcher studied the organizing and using pearls submarines and the other preparations for diving in addition to the financing of the diving voyage because it depends on the borrowed capital and specifying the diving seasons because of the period of time in which the sailors move to the submarines also the risks which face the divers and the dividing of the interests on the staff of the diving ship and the social effects of diving because it represents a conflict between Man and the environment around him. The third chapter studied the trade of pearls. The researcher discussed the development of the trade in the Arab Gulf and its reflects on the Omani Shore , also the markets of pearls were discussed because they are the last stage to achieve the work of the sailors to get benefits. The researcher talked about the merchants who are working in pearls trade whether Arabs or foreigners and their role and abilities in trade were clarified. The effect of trade on the social life also the researcher tried to give a clear picture of the economical value of pearls and their effect on the economical side. The fourth chapter discussed the political issues concerning the pearls submarines and their effects on the social and economical life. The tribal conflicts were discussed especially the conflict between Bany Yas and Al - Quasim which had a clear effect on the economical life , in addition to the escape of divers and clarifying its effect in making troubles among the Emirates. Also the political international issues concerning the pearls and the opinion of Britain of them because it is responsible of the security of the Emirates of the Omani Shore by holding the agreements and Al - Mania was the most important one , in addition to the depression of pearls trade explaining the most important reasons of it. The study had showed that the people of the Omani Shore who are working in diving for the sake of pearls were characterized with patience , courage and facing difficulties , and the diving system depends on indebtedness. This thing made merchants exploit divers by lending them money with a great interest which they couldn’t pay in the season of diving. Also this study had showed the importance of the location of the Omani Shore because it made its harbors as markets and trade centers and the ships came to it from different places. The European travelers had showed during their visits for these harbors the trading importance and this was a reason to attract the attention of the European forces. The rulers of the Omani Shore had depended during their reign on their personalities and fortunes whom they got from taxes imposed on the divers , sailors and diving ships in addition to financing the diving voyage. They had a great role in developing their Emirates and strengthen the economical activity throughout the trading prerogative and because of this fact , Dubai had appeared as the biggest trading harbor on the shore after the weakness of Al - Shariqa harbor and the disappearance of Lanja harbor. This study had showed also the foreign merchants had controlled the local markets especially the Indian and Persian merchants as they were controlling the prices of the pearls and the Sheiks did nothing to prevent them. On the contrary , they had gained prerogatives from those Sheiks and this was the reason why they directly controlled the economy of the shore and this leads to the deprivation of many of the people from working. Because of the importance of diving for the sake of pearls and its effects on the economy of the Omani Shore , people agreed to stop the military operations for four months during the big season of diving.
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امير اسد الله علم ودوره السياسي في ايران 1962 - 1977 : دراسة تاريخية == Amir Asadullah Alam And His Political Role In Iran, 1962 - 1977 )Historical Study)

Author name: فهد سوادي فهد الزيادي
Supervisor name: نعيم جاسم محمد
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Amir Asadullah Alam is considered an important modern Iranian political figure. He was different from his contemporary politicians by his close and special relationship with Shah Mohammad Riza Behlavi who trusted him with his various secrets and made himenjoy advantages unattainable by others on account of the background in which he lived and his family's intimacy with Shah Mohammad Riza Behlavi's family.Amir Asadullah took up many ministries and administrative posts since 1944 when he held the position of Minister of Agriculture in Mohammad Saeed Muragheh's cabinet. When the cabinet resigned, he worked as an inspector at the Ministry of Interior and thus he was changing government posts until 1957 when he was entrusted by the Shah to form a new political part named Murdam i.e. People party to constitute a line of formal opposition to the Shah's regime and lend a democratic character to his rule and politics. Accordingly, Amir Asadullah worked on forming and organizing such party and presided it till 1962. On July 19th 1962, Amir Asadullah Alam was entrusted with forming a cabinet replacing Amini's. His cabinet continued working till March 7th 1964. During that period, Iran witnessed political and economic developments as a result of applying the articles of economic reforms (White Revolution) and the political developments accompanying them are represented by the rejection and violence wave for those reforms by a big section of the Iranian people, especially clergymen.After the resigning of Amir Asadullah Alam's cabinet on March 7th 1964, he was ordered by Shah Mohammad Riza Behlavi to hold the post as a chancellor of Behlavi University in Shiraz. He was the chancellor of the university till his resign in 1977 because of his having cancer. He died in 1978. When he was holding the Ministry of Royal Court, he had significant attitudes towards local and foreign policies at that time
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وزارة التربية العراقية : دراسة في تطور الهيكل الاداري والتنظيمي 1968 - 1979 == Iraqi Ministry Of Education Study In The Development Of Administrative And Organizing From Work 1968 - 1979

Author name: عدنان عبد الحسين حمد الحسيني
Supervisor name: نعيم جاسم محمد
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: After changing of the political system of Iraq in the 17th of July,1968 they tried to return back forming the educational aims for the administrative and educational organization in Iraq and one of most prominent aim is forming aboard for educational planning in 1969 and constructing educational committees for studying the reality of education in different stages, and with the help of other ministries. The government contributed by holding study cycles for treating problems which encounter the administrative organization. One of the cycles is the study that ensured on putting plan for generalizing primary education 1971. In the shed of that importance, the ministry of education considers one of the miseries and government institutes that has different takes and responsibilities which are educational and administrative. It contributed in solving many problems. The Education Ministry wanted to supply the administrative staffs with efficient employees which made them use many scientific person to raise the level of the administrative staffs by opening sessions yearly in administration accounts, storehouse. The ministry started early in developing the administrative staff through studies that aim to create the good way for solving problems that encounter administration. help connection and also scientific help with other Arab and foreign countries and international educated organization and introducing finance for these countries and supplying them with teachers to fill the defeat in their numbers, Also the ministry contributed in changing the study curricula and increasing the agricultural exchanging between the countries. The administrative side made affect in supporting the Iraqi economy through efforts that the ministry introduced them disposing of un education through overall international campaigns which made facilities for finding professional experiences for raising the productive and economic level for Iraqi workers. educated administration through the strong connection with the political side and putting laws and organizations and decisions that contributed in disposing of doubly in the school through constructing many school in the city centers and countryside and disposing of the problems of decreasing in preparation of teachers the ministry supplied many Arab countries with Iraqi efficient teachers and dealing with the problems of teaching in the countryside, The ministry prepared the plans and programs during 1968 - 1979 to achieve the required scientific level. In the administration , the ministry did many changes in administration and curriculum through making rules and decisions according to philosophy of new system. One of these rules the law of education ministry number (124)in 1971 and the system of ministry number (13) in 1972 which limited the administrative hierarchy for the ministry and it contributed in finding new departments are different in their work of what was in the previous system.
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قبائل البختيارية ودورها السياسي في ايران (1896 - 1918) : دراسة تاريخية == Bakhtiari Tribes And Political Role In Iran (1896 - 1918) Historical Study

Author name: عبد الله كريم كاظم الموسوي
Supervisor name: حسين كامل جابر الشاهر
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The Bakhtiari tribe of Iran's major tribes, which are endemic in the southwestern part of Iran, which is ruled by a group of tribal khans, and in spite of the multiplicity of theories about their origins, but they are indigenous Iranian descent back to the ancient Sasanian assets.This tribe has been characterized by a social and political distinguishes itself from the rest of the Iranian tribes, the tribe divided on two main branches (Haft Link) and (Chahar Link). There are many opinions about the reasons for this division and the reason for naming each section, but the nearest of these views to the truth is the opinion which explains why the division on the basis of the division of dues tax on each after the approval of the tax system in the Safavid period, so these terms are terms Dhara?baan survival of Safavid.Even after the Safavid and Alafshari and ulnar there are no unified leadership of the Bouktiarien were all from (Alhvt Link) and (Aljhar Link) and even denominations Bakhtiari sporadic Other all her leadership and leadership autonomous from the other, has been senior leaders Alboukttiar cheerleaders title (AQA) or (Beck) or (blades Sefid) white beard or (Amir) the use of the title (Khan) does not seem clear in the tribe Bakhtiari, it does not support the sources and historical documents and having the title of Khan at the Bakhtiari until the beginning of the ulnar, and it seems that the use of this title began during the rule of State ulnar and beyond.In the second half of the nineteenth century succeeded Alboukttiar in uniting the tribe and the creation of a united political system within the tribe Bakhtiari knew (the system Alaala) when it enables Hussein fried Khan from extending its authority and influence on all denominations Alboukttiar in practice and on the impact of this order was issued by Royal by Nasir al - Din Shah in 1867 his appointment and recognition (Aakhani) Per Alboukttiar and officially inaugurated by the central government, and from a political standpoint, the Alaakhan authority as commander in chief of Bakhtiar had begun with the reign of Hussein Khan fried. Under this new system has become the central reference Bakhtiar managed by an administrative body within the self of the men of the tribe. This can be considered the beginning of crystallization Testament system of social and political official Bakhtiari tribes.After the arrival of Hussein frying Khan to power in the ruling tribe Bakhtiari and Neil title Alaakhan in an official capacity of the government, he got to his brothers on the positions of government since he became his brother in front of frying Khan Aellbeca tribe Bakhtiari any assistant Aakhani and his brother, the second satisfaction frying Khan, governor of Chahar Mahal, and the government continued these brothers strong and united in the life of frying Hussain Khan.In 1883 the killing of Hussein frying Khan at the hands under the Sultan and the order of Nasir al - Din Shah, subsequently lived tribes Bakhtiari more internal conflicts about power and the sharing of property, especially that these brothers three excelled in abundance sons, there are now a number of personalities Bakhtiari eligible for leadership. Fastglet these conflicts by the royal court, which was seeking to fold the rising power of the tribes feared the risk of threat to the central government, Accordingly, the split of the ruling family Bakhtiari into three wings, wing family Alaakhan slain (Hussein frying Khan) became known pavilion Alaakhani, Suite family Alaakhan new (before frying Khan), where he went to the pilgrimage became known as a stand - Haj Aakhani, Suite family Alaellbec new (satisfaction frying Khan) became known to always stand Alaellbec.It was the geographical location of the tribes of the Bakhtiari in the middle of the south Iranian great importance as it brought her this site the attention of the major powers, especially Britain Her great influence in southern Iran, especially after obtaining the large concessions in the region, including the establishment by trade caravans that connects Ahvaz, Isfahan across the land Bakhtiari , which is an extension of the privilege of freedom of navigation on the River Karun, who got it from Britain, the Iranian government in 1888, as well as oil exploration concession obtained by Darcy in 1901, Has led for the UK on these privileges and the discovery of oil in Masjed Soleyman in 1908 to establish formal relations between Britain and Albouktiarien lasted until the late Prince Qajarite, was the conclusion of several economic agreements between the two sides, starting from the Convention on the caravan route business in 1898, which was held between the company (Brotherhood Laing) and the Bakhtiari Khans, The paved this agreement the way to get in contact and convergence between the two parties, which were not his precedent before, and despite the signing of this agreement was acause to strengthen convergence and relationships but still unofficial, that those relationships took shape official after the signing of the oil agreement between the two parties in 1905, since then has become an official full.Has helped these agreements Alboukttiar to achieve the wealth of great economic and political center influential, led them later to participate in national events, especially events of the Constitutional Movement and the consequent later events, although the tribe Bakhtiari was governed mainly by boxes known are mainly Bserthm authoritarian, but they sided with the constitutional and initiated into the uprising and turned to Tehran to participate in the control and dropping Mohammad Ali Shah, Hence the establishment of constitutional government on the ruins of the Shah's government authoritarian, and was doing this they had moved them from being the strength of local influential in their tribal and around the neighborhood that become a central force at the national level, have their primary role at the level of administration of the country and its government, which come before them a lot of opportunities to improve the economic and political fields.The total Alboukttiar of power and political influence so that they became governors of several states Iran's major and assumed several ministries, because since the formation of the first constitutional government took Sardar Asad as interior minister and defense minister, also arrived brother Smassam Sultanate to become prime minister (1911 - 1913).During this period carried Alboukttiar by virtue of their opposition to the political life of many of the tasks of national, because they had the greatest role in responding to the movement of Muhammad Ali antimatter in the attempt to restore the throne in 1911 and, as well as their role in eliminating the insurgency Salar state and gouge Chavth in 1913.When World War broke out the first (1914 - 1918) and the arrival of fire into Iranian territory, varied positions Khans Bakhtiari and was overwhelmed by a lot of ambiguity and duplication over the powers warring, Valkhanat young men who had the desire to achieve political ambitions and wide and stood to the side of Germany and its allies, while stopping Khans adults by virtue of their relationship with Britain to the old side of the Allies.It is worth mentioning that the center of political and power that possessed Alboukttiar after their participation in the constitutionalmovement continued until after the years of World War I until the arrival of Reza Shah to power, as it strengthened the central authority in his reign and follow the policy of weakening the clans and the reduction of the threat to the central government.
Summary:
References:

الطبيعة في شعر مكفوفي العصر العباسي == The Nature In The Poetry Of Blind Poets Of Al Abbassi Era

Author name: وسن حسين غيث الظالمي
Supervisor name: عامر صلال الحسناوي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: After a long journey, joyful and fun with blind people in the world of nature we looking forward now to see the results of this trip and we review the most important thing we came up with : The psychological factor has played an important role and essential in the orientation of the blind toward nature in which he found a safe haven, to escape from the community was a hostile environment for him. Multiple cognitive and cultural resources for poet blind, provided him confounded cognitively culturally Thera, had the largest share of this stockpiling return to the product of poets sighted; since found a blind wellspring Bmaanyh and his words that cemented in his mind and filled the depths of his soul, he took draws, including wills him meanings and images of nature, and which appeared excellence where Bashar and Maari, as he leaned on the language inherited by coming in in language daily - the first sources of culture blind cognitive - represented by parables, and he has brought the blind signals Koran which carried descriptions of nature, and who help him in drawing pictures descriptive, as well as tributary ideals and goes, and tributary to read and see, and found the researcher's role Zip historical and legendary in the poetry of nature; since summoned the poet blind symbols of personalities historical, and legends belong to nature, and had Me'ri a distinct presence in calling these symbols; indicating the depth of the culture, and intellectual maturity. Entered the nature formative element in the formation of the poetic image when the blind poet, and stirred his imagination and Ncttha, and expanded its horizons, and become rich Balchbhet drawn pictures and images which reflect the different fertile imagination. Description of nature, like the blind poet of poets sighted, and in the collection and described between tradition and innovation, and came a picture of nature is often mixed with the rest of the purposes of poetry, and rarely came in the form of separate pieces. Occupied the descriptions of the camel and horse center stage in systems poets blind departing from the benefits of those animals Fmdoa statement descriptions, forms, and colors - for Khil - , while the rest of the animals was calling the poet blind her for the purposes of spinning or praise or lamentation or spelling - including awarded the horizon simulator or prepared him, including his expressive many of the tributaries - and not for the description itself only rarely. More poets blind from the description of the bird in the animated nature, focusing primarily base on their voices and a private bathroom, which interpreted his voice according to the psyche, it was happy two thousand in his voice twitter and vocals, and was sad like his voice has a scar and crying, while such Algrab - code Banshee - in most images guide fences and separation. Most of the descriptions of the plant came overlapping with other purposes poetic when poets are blind, and Mbthoth within them, and rarely pure Maogdna description of the plant, which was of the tribe of Ben Altaaoive where the largest share outstanding on the rest of his companions in this area. Suffered the blind poet of the length of the night to move around a fixed Vleilh With regard to the lexicon industrial nature, has described the poet blind ships relying on a picture ship descriptions of camels and horses, aided in completing his portrait of poetry this much of the descriptions of the desert, and the poet in all of this compares between his ship and the camel, and how she does not feel defrauding a sailing the river, and had superiority to Bashar and dad Hes in this area, have also been blind to describe the depths of the buildings as well as exposure to mention dilapidated homes, fully demonstrating the superiority of the blind poet blind in this area because it excelled in the accuracy of the description. In the field of industrial tools Hafez arms in the Abbasid era to the status they had since the pre - Islamic era, received the sword replaced the lead of offensive weapons in the abundance of material noodles contained when the blind, has mastered in accurately described as male parts, and its industry, and its qualities, and its impact on resolving the bout, and replaced swords and Indian Mishrefeh replace a head start and progress on the other, followed by a spear, shield, which then accounted for Maari as among his peers, while not share and bow attend impressively between several blind war. I have to stop the blind poet to describe tools lighting of candles and lanterns taking of forms and qualities to express what it feels are suggestive art. Pervaded the poetry of the blind as winery Fathdthoa for undimmed and serenity pictures of visual spectacular grabbing the receiver to the beauty of the formulation and the magnificence of their descriptions, Vngnoa paid to the concerns, Margen on the color and characteristics, as well as the value of psychological Altnafisah, and was distinguished for Bashar in the field description winery and tools drinking. Drawing poet blind pictures of scenes of the desert through his trips to the land of acclaimed mediated camel, described and its share and walk in the tread rugged, noting the rigors of travel and the difficulty faced by them in order to reach acclaimed, for a lot of tender first, then to boast Pfrossith II; being prowling float lonesome and alone. It was a blind poet pause on the ruins of the fees and what they contain and landmarks, Vahtam out, and absorbed a lot of the traditional meanings mentioned by the poets sighted, he asked and complained and cried and pictures of homes and the effects of their charges and the impact of rain and wind on them. Deliberately poet blind to the coloring of his paintings of poetry, the desire to keep up with the sighted was adopted in image color on the covenantal audio and especially the poet, the blind, who could not give a true picture of the color of a given, but he was able to give indications of the colors by his concept to her, and it was white checkered and black are the most presence of the rest of the colors, perhaps due in to the psychological impact of these colors in the lives of the blind, being in permanent conflict with the light in the shadow of darkness eternal imposed equally upon, and as usual it was the largest share in these pictures colorimetric Bashar and Maari who Tfoqa - Godh - frequent and even on other newly blind. The auditory sense is most present in the poetry of nature, followed by olfactory, and tactile, Valdhuqah. Taking freelancing senses dimension poetic special when the poet blind making of images and compositions phones in the poetry of nature painted painting Bogdan poet, and pulse sense, is up talent poet blind and creativity peak in the use of compositions poetic visual, auditory, and olfactory and gustatory, and plays a sense of the poet blind delicate an important role in moving his mind about this line of rationing artwork. Have revealed chapters message as well as the substantive results, the results of other art, was the fact that most of the poems of nature when the blind had been organized on the seas long, took the sea long space bulk of the hair nature, followed by (full, simple, generous) and the use of the poet for this seas Related Activations long; for shows and separates accurately manifestations of nature, as well as the weights of poetry such as (shun, and Lilt, and light) and the seas again came about very few (k Almnsarh, and prolonged, and convergent), as we found through research that the poet uses rhymes that are clarity and power, such as a character (Alaba, and signifier, and ra, and harvest), as well as the use of rhyme both types of absolute ones and restricted, has had a rhyme broken luck and abundant in the poetry of nature when the blind, and followed embraced, and then open the rhyme restricted did not appear in the poems blind but in a way few. As for the rhythm of internal Fimthelh repetition; since sought poet blind by repeating words to assert the idea that, while repeating the letters aims to make a melody musically rhythmically rest his vocal and Thuah, as well as a common method of recycling in the poetry of the blind, and subjected to the atmosphere of emotional psychological; to achieve Using convergence moral terms, as they could through alliteration and Altbara to achieve harmony of music in the context of the House of poetry, as well as impart these methods of semantic and moral values on the hair nature. Shred poet blind in the formulation of an image of nature formulation of fine art, it has more of the use of similes; since used the analogy of different types (the sender, and the total, and detailed, and eloquent, and inverted), moving from similes sensual, to comparisons technical suggestive expressed taste poet blind, who was tends to innovation, and innovation in the poetic image, as well as the emergence of style (metaphor) as a means; to deepen the significance of meaning through use, not for what put him, and had to borrow tools attend the largest of metaphor declarative, and the style (metaphor) has shown the poet blind desire for non - disclosure, or disclosure of the meanings that was Eptgaha directly, resorted to metaphor for character, and for metonymy described, this method of taking a way to achieve what aspire. Most of the methods demand was orbiting the emotions psychological poet, and receiver alike, and for this reason is often found poets blind out about the real meanings to gloss metaphorical; what gives him the freedom to express their feelings and make the recipient to contact and communicate with what he says poet. As regards (Reliable Wholesale) has appeared in Poetry Nature Methods synthetic contributed to the enrichment of meaning, and the strengthening of the building, and clarity in showing the positions that have a link with affection poet blind, and his imagination, and these methods are (submission delays, Chapter interfaces, and male and deletions). After these are the most important results of the question raised by this study, do not pretend it Facts final for granted, but at the same time figured I done everything I can in order to access them, and in conclusion, I would put this study made it my best, and I tried what I could display which opens the way for new studies of the nature of poetry when the blind in the other literary ages, and praise be to God always.

لهجة ناحية ابصية وصلتها بالعربية الفصحى == The Population Of Bsaya District

Author name: واثق حسن مجهول
Supervisor name: محمود عبد حمد اللامي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: There is no doubt that the study of dialects has great importance and as such was given special care by Arabic language scholars in order to be acquainted with many linguistic phenomena which have become prevalent in our language, in addition to authenticating many contemporary dialects and tracing them back to their ancient roots and unveiling the historical stages they pass through and the impact of environment , place and time on their linguistic development since their very emergence.The Arabs cared a lot for their language through authoring numerous linguistic books which included within them many references to ancient Arab languages though it fell short of the specialised accurate study as a result of being content with mere references to restoring the names of languages to the names of their tribes. This has led to deprive us of knowing much about many of these languages more accurately.In order to grant the languages ,i.e. the dialects, their full right to be treated, a group of modern researchers have endeavoured earnestly to study the language and its relation to modern dialects. For the sake of catching up with these attempts, I have decided to opt for the topic, " THE Dialect of bsayah and its Relation to classical arabic " for my thesis. The research has arrived at the following findings : - The dialect of the population of Bsaya has been found to be a trace of ancient Arabic languages because it cannot be separated from the Arabic dialects because language is a living entity which grows and develops throughout time : a process which shows that many of the traits of contemporary Arabic dialects have their origin in classical Arabic which has represented the utmost evolution that affected ancient Arabic dialects. - The study has traced the linguistic and historical development for many of the THE Dialect of bsayah and its Relation to classical arabic authenticating its various linguistic uses ,such as the use of the kasrah for the letter of "presentness"such as nikash, niCzib, tiCshun,…etc. or using the kasrahfor the first letter in the morphological scalefor nouns and adjectivessuch as shihid ,zi'ir, sha?ir, etc.This is a common phenomenon in most of ancient Arab dialects - The study has shown that the dialect of Bsayah is irregular in most of its linguistic phenomena such as the substitution of the?ad for the sin such as ?akhab for sakhab or it could be vice versa such as sahra for?ahra' - As for the morphological study the overwhelming part of it has come in agreement with classical Arabic. The change has been superficial in the structure of the dialect of the population of Bsayah : this change has been either in form or by adding or reducing a letter whereby some of theparticiples and the derivations have deviated from their regular forms to the irregular ones such as the irregular forms of the feminine which are numerous in the dialect of Bsayah. Examples of these arekadar , jabad, ?a?ah , etc. - The study has confirmed that some utterances represent Arabic dialects which make masculine and feminine without using any suffix or sign for feminisation such astaa , or prolonged or confined 'alifsuch as biyr, jiliyb, ?iriyj, sibiyl, for bi'r, qaliyb, ?ariyq, sabiylrespectively.As faras the grammatical aspect are concerned, the study has shownthe adherence of Bsayah dialectto the ya' in pluralising and dualising the masculine in all the parsing cases : the nominative, the accusative and the genitive.The Arabs used to substitute the plural for the dual such as " ?adhim 'al - manakib (i.e., mankabain)" and "ghalidh 'al - hawajib(hajibain)".The Bsayah dialect, like other contemporary Arabic dialects, has beencharacterised by its being free of the parsing diacritics or signs and the inclination of its speakers to put a sukunat the end of its words. This could be a phenomenon which prevailed in an early time of the prevalence of solecism and the corruption of languages because of the Islamic wars and conquests.

الشفاعة والاستعطاف في شعر العصر الاسلامي : دراسة موضوعية فنية

Author name: فاطمة سعد دواس
Supervisor name: محمد فليح حسن الجبوري
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

الخطاب الشعري للشريف الرضي بين الانا والاخر == Al Sharif Alradhis' Poetic Speech Between The Ego And The Other

Author name: عادل ياسر كاظم الركابي
Supervisor name: ستار جبار رزيج
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: This study is an attempt to extrapolate the poetic discourse of , Sharif alRedhi between the ego and the other Based on the concept of discourse as a modern linguistic studies secretions. this term has take a long range in these studies and in other areas oflife and became the term of speech in recent time a common term , but it branched , and had many paths , and different concepts so that finding it and selecting it became difficult , so the speech became used widely among critics and researchers , and became with different concepts , and became expressing many things in multiple areas and within all disciplines , poetic art has specific speech and aims to deliver its intended message , as well as a lot of other arts.the field of the ego and the other was taken from the side poetic speech of poet and his overall intentions , whether political , social or religious ,the researcher wanted to observe these phenomena in the poets books , and criticism books that dealt with the speech of poetry in general , the reliability of the researcher to interrogate the poetic texts , taking advantage from the language of the text itself, and understand it , or special perceive by interpretation , to read the text and thinking in it and insight into the depths and disclosure of its connotations , so the research methodology came spread over three chapters preceded by a preface, followed by a conclusion so we reached to a set of results that emerged from the study , including : 1 The political speech of alradhi is characterized by style which is convincing , which is intended to a commercial reaching function that cannot leave him under any circumstances , a coherent build is taken from article ideology of special technical owned by alredhi which has excitement spirited by using rhetorical mechanisms.2 his frequent use of the exciting words in his speech, was from his mental interactions experienced at the beginning of his childhood to his youth , and what he suffered of pain of need for his ambitions.those words represent tone raised in his poetic speeches pictured his illusions as champion in the battles waged in his imagination , seeming as negatively center he paid intention around so that his art became not realistic.3 his sense of himself led to making his own identity based on differentiation from others. his own conscious and passion and safe ideas led to consciousness by being different from others and a preferring himself, and its superiority over the others in one hand , and on having the principles of harmony , cohesion and synergy with the others including consistent and satisfy himself and save psychological tension , but here we can not only to be satisfied with such results , asking the Almighty to guide us.the researcher

اساليـب الطلب فـــي ديوان الشيخ عبد الحميد السماوي : دراسة دلالية تداولية == Methods Of Request In The Diwan Of Sheikh Abdul - Hameed Al - Samawi : Grammatical Semantic Study

Author name: حمد عدل ناصر الغانمي
Supervisor name: وليد شاكر نعاس الرفاعي | محمود عبد اللامي
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: وقد اقتضت طبيعة البحث تقسيمه على تمهيد وثلاثة فصول متبوعة بخاتمة, اما : التمهيد فقد خصص لدراسة الكلام والانشاء الطلبي. واما الفصول فقد جاءت مقسمة على ثلاثة فصول, مبتدءة بالفصل الاول الذي تناولت فيه اسلوبي الامر والنهي. واما الفصل الثاني, | (Methods of Request in the Diwan of Sheikh Abdul - Hameed Al - Samawi : Grammatical Semantic Study)In the name of Allah, the most compassionate, the most MercifulThanks to Allah, peace and blessing be upon the master of all mankind and his rightly guided progeny and peace be upon their followers until the Day of Judgment.The nature of the research has necessitated dividing it into a prologue, four chapters followed by a conclusion. The prologue has been allocated to study the poet biography; as this study is the first dealing with his works. The research has been divided into four chapters; the first of which has dealt with three concepts : speech, Composition and request, for two reasons; the first is that the reference of the methods of request are those three concepts, and the other reason is that this research is meant to keep pace with modern linguistic studies, particularly the deliberation theory. The second chapter which has studied the two modes - commands and interdictions - is divided into three sections; the first section has dealt with the command linguistically and idiomatically as well as its indication of time. The second section has addressed the forms referring to the commands which have been dealt with in the diwan. The third section has discussed the necessitating functions of the command mode. Chapter three has been allocated for interrogation methods and divided into two sections beginning with a preface dealing with interrogation linguistically and idiomatically, while the first section has addressed interrogation particles according to their occurrences in the diwan and they are classified as particles and nouns. The third section has studied the necessitating functions of the interrogation mode. The fourth chapter entitled (other methods namely the vocative, optative, hoping, offering and urging cases), has been divided into three sections : the first has dealt with vocative mode (nature, particles, and object). The second section has dealt with the necessitating functions of the vocative. The third chapter has been allocated for (optative, hoping, proposing and urging) cases. The chapters of the research are completed with its conclusion and findings, the most important of which are : 1 - Al - Samawi's diwan includes the main original and necessitating methods of request such as commanding, praying, appealing and etc.2 - The poet took too much care of the feminine addressing in his use of the command mode , which means that he take on this mode for its efficacy in influencing society more than the confrontation mode; also, he used it when sensing pain and bitterness for what he saw of the community situation.3 - The research has proven the need to differentiate between the verb of command as an act of the speaker, which is associated with the present time, and whose significance occurs at its saying, and the compliance phase with which the verb deviates from the command implication.

الخلود في شعر عبد الحميد السماوي == Eternity In The Poetry Of Abdul Hamid Al - Samawi

Author name: اساور ناجي حسين صالح الحسناوي
Supervisor name: محمد فليح حسن الجبوري
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: We have chosen the term "eternity" in the poetry of Abdul Hamid Al - Samawi because of the indications of awareness of eternity it carries and the way of employing it, in addition to the role it plays in engineering the text : a process which is considered one of the most important streams of the poetical experience of the creative person whie it is on the threshold of producing a new text. The nature of the topic has required that it be divided up into a preface and two parts preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion containing most of the findings arrived at Finally, a list of references has been added.I have followed in my research the inductive descriptive approach.The preface has been given the title" Eternity between Philosophy and Poetry", while the first part has been devoted to the" Objective Study". As for the second part ,it has been devoted to keeping an eye on the artistic factors by mean of the tools of the aesthetic molding.The research has arrived at the following findings : *It has become clear the Al - Samwi's poetry has mixed between imitation and innovation at the same time. That is to say, his collection of poetry has included the traditional topics and the modernized ones which appeared in modern Arabic poetry. It has become clear that the subject of "eternity" was conspicuous.*It has become clear that the main motive behind composing poetry was the society in general and the Samawa environment in particular. This is considered one of the most important outside attitudes to which the motive responds. The influence of the environment has been apparent in Al - Samawi's poetry as a result of how he viewed it. The influence of religious occasions has been also clear which has made the poet long for contemplating the landmarks of eternity as represented in Ahlul Bayt(AS) lofty edifices.The third motive has been represented in in Al - Samawi's pondering over life and death.Life in all its troubles and pains imposes on him pains and sufferings which makes him criticize its leisure. He has ,therefore, kept a close eye on all its manifestations. As for his pondering over death, the poet launches into mentioning death prolonging contemplating it. He has also expressed his delight upon seeing graves and casted long looks on them. He has also pondered over universe and existence.His existential concern has been clear which was its main motive to think of the other world and the eternal rest.*It has become clear that Al - Samawi's has penetrated the language looking into it as deep as his emotions using its styles in line with what he deems convenient for his psyche and doctrine. He reclines once on the eternity expressions of the heritage while in other times uses simple expressions , but the language of eternity which has taken a distinctive feature is the easy and simple language. His poetic lexicon has been characterized by the domination of the eternity expressions and their derivatives. They are considered the most dominant expressions over the poet's vision. Through these dominating expressions , he has been able to express cases struggling in his mind whether in reality or in imagination.*It has been apparent that Al - Samawi made manifested the linguistic structure in the poetry of eternity in more than one meaning as deemed convenient according to his poetic experience. The poet , therefore, has subjected for this purpose expression and constructions which he thinks they can achieve this objective. These style have varied and they have been controlled by his poetic feelings and emotions.*Al - Samawi has adopted the traditional criteria in the metrical structure of his poem. Examining carefully and employing the Arabic metres , he has revealed to us the intensity of his use to specific metres as used by ancient poets such as the metres of the Kamil, Tawil, Khafif, and Basit. He has intentionally resorted to metres diversity in texts where homogeneous and heterogeneous metres are used for the sake of waving movements among feet. As for rhyme, it looked as though it were a rich multidimensional sonorant action which has contributing to granting the text sobriety and stability.in addition to shedding light on the semantic dimension of texts.*The internal music for the poetry of eternity has reflected in alliteration and bringing the reare to the fore to express what Al - Samawi feels of. it has also been found that he resorts to repetition in its being one of the styles of expression. The poet had recourse to creating his own internal music through repeating a group of sounds which have a specific type of phonetic characteristics. He has repeated letters, utterances and constructions to perfect the meaning and fix it alongside phonetic effects to achieve musical harmony.*Al - Samawi has found in the Glorious Quran an inexhaustible fountain of meanings and utterances which have been absorbed by his mind and filled the depths of his soul. So, he started to drink of this sweet fountain living with the verses of eternity to such an extent that his texts were formation of many texts rephrased to meet his poetic attitude and vision.*The role of the religious symbol in the poetry of eternity has become apparent and the most outstanding symbol has been that of religious and historical heritage. The poet has been in the habit of recalling his immortal religious characters whichreflects his feeling that such characters were of great richness especially when we take into consideration that his look is in accordance with his psyche and poetic experience ; thus he has cared a lot for his doctrinal thought which formed later on a discourse specific to him in order to achieve cohesion between his experience and the symbol of eternity because he has expressed what he has inside himself by means of subjective motives.*The study has revealed the domination of personification in an imaginative context adopted by the poet in more than one poetic image. This personification has emanated from the passion and psyche of the poet. Imagination has extended over a huge space as regards his depictions especially after he has made the inanimate possess the qualities of the human being which has made the recipient understand and grasp the meaning more clearly ; hence the poet has been able to construct a multitude of new unrelated depictions.

التناص القراني في نهج البلاغة : الخلق مثالا == Intertextuality Between The Quran And Nahj Alblaghah Creating - Sample

Author name: زينب ساطع عباس
Supervisor name: وليد شاكر نعاس الرفاعي
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: This research "Quotation Nahj Alblaghah from holly Qur'an - Creature as sample - " discusses four subjects; holly Qur'an, Nahj Alblaghah of Imam Ali (AS), the intersexuality and the creation. At first, it discusses the concept of intersexuality trying to a

دور نواب لواء العمارة في مجلس النواب العراقي 1939 - 1958 : دراسة تاريخية == The Role Of Vice architecture brigade in the Iraqi Council of Representatives1925 - 1958 Historical Stud

Author name: رنا عاصي نعيمة
Supervisor name: عبد الاله بدر علي الاسدي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Summary:
References:

ادوارد سعيد سيرته واثاره الفكرية والسياسية 1935 - 2003 : دراسة تاريخية == Edward sa'ied is biography and provoked , political intellectual 1935 - 2003 Historical study

Author name: ماجد عبد الزهرة عمران
Supervisor name: غانم نجيب عباس
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Summary:
References:

العلاقات السياسية السعودية الاماراتية 1971 - 1981 == The Saudi - Emirates Political Relationship (1971 - 1981)

Author name: زهراء حسين خضير
Supervisor name: حسين كامل جابر الشاهر
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Summary:
References:

الشيخ محمد طاهر الفضلي السماوي حياته واثاره 1876 - 1950م : دراسة تاريخية == AL - shaykh Muhammad Tahir AL - Samawi His biography and imprints (1876 - 1950 ) A hiisttoriicall sttudy

Author name: ياسر عبد عكال الزيادي
Supervisor name: حسين كامل جابر الشاهر
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Summary:
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تاثير الاسمدة وعــوامل المكافحة الاحيائية في مؤشــــرات نمــــو نبات البطاطا Solanum tubersum L. واهميتها في مقاومة الفطر Rhizoctonia solani == Effect of fertilizers and bioagent factors in growth parameters of Solanum tubersum L. plants and their impact on resistance to Rhizoctonia solani

Author name: علي فرج جبير الزريجاوي
Supervisor name: صباح لطيف علوان | فلاح حسن عيسى
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Prevention
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: نفذت التجارب المختبرية لهذه الدراسة في مختبرات كلية الزراعة / جامعة المثنى والتجارب الحقلية في منطقة النجمي الواقعة شمال شرق مدينة السماوة خلال موسم النمو 2013 - 2014 ، وتضمنت هذه الدراسة محورين : المحور الاول : التجارب المختبرية هدفت هذه التجارب الى تصنيع سماد عضوي مخصب ، باستعمال عوامل المقاومة الاحيائية لتخصيب السماد العضوي والسيطرة على الفطر الممرض Rhizoctonia solani المسبب لمرض القشرة السوداء على البطاطا . اظهرت جميع عوامل المكافحة الاحيائية كفائتها التضادية مع الفطر الممرض عند اجراء التجارب المختبرية حيث كانت درجة التضاد من 2 - 1 ماعدا الفطر Aspergillus niger فقد كانت درجة التضاد 2.25 حسب مقياس ( Bell ) ، واظهرت ايضا كفائتها في زيادة نسبة الانبات في بذور الفجل . المحور الثاني ويشمل : التجارب الحقلية التي هدفت الى اختبار تاثير الاسمدة العضوية وعوامل المقاومة الاحيائية والتداخل بينها على الفطر الممرض Rhizoctonia solani وبعض معايير نمو وانتاجية البطاطا صنف سانتا ذات الرتبة A للموسم الخريفي. تمت الزراعة في 15 ايلول لعام 2013 ولغاية 15/ 1 / 2014 وصنف اريزونا ذات الرتبة Elite للموسم الربيعي . تمت الزراعة في28 كانون الثاني لعام 2014 ولغاية 3/ 5 / 2014 . ويمكن تلخيص النتائج بما يلي : الموسم الخريفي تضمن 24 معاملة استخدمت فيها توليفات مختلفة من السماد الحيواني والسماد الخليط والسماد الكيميائي مع عوامل المقاومة الاحيائية وبدون سماد (كمعاملة سيطرة )، جميعها مع الفطر الممرض ، لتقيم تاثيرها على معايير نمو النبات، فقد اعطت معاملة التسميد F3 (سماد خليط) اعلى المعدلات في ( نسبة البزوغ الحقلي ، المساحة الورقية ، حاصل النبات الواحد ، النسبة المئوية للنشا ، محتوى الدرنات من النيتروجين) حيث بلغت (82.4 % ، 97.4 دسم2 ، 737.5 غم/ نبات ، 11.81 % ، 22.47 غم . كغم1 - ) على التوالي قياسا بمعاملة المقارنة F0 (تربة بدون تسميد) التي اعطت اقل المعدلات ، اذ بلغت (68.5 % ، 69.9 دسم2 ، 518.1 غم/ نبات ، 10.56 % ، 12.60 غم . كغم1 - ) على التوالي . واظهرت النتائج ايضا تاثيرا واضحا لعوامل المكافحة الاحيائية ، فقد تفوقت المعاملة P5 (الفطر الممرض Rhizoctonia solani+(Trichoderma harzianum +Pseudomonas fluorescens + (Aspergillus niger في صفات المجموع الخضري والصفات الكمية والنوعية للنبات ( نسبة البزوغ الحقلي ، المساحة الورقية ، حاصل النبات الواحد ، النسبة المئوية للنشا ، محتوى الدرنات من النيتروجين) ، اذ اعطت معدلات بلغت (86.1 % ، 98.5 دسم2 ، 718.8 غم / نبات ،12.31 %، 24.98 غم . كغم1 - ) على التوالي ، قياسا بمعاملة المقارنة P1 (الفطر الممرض R.s. فقط ) التي اعطت اقل المعدلات ، اذ بلغت (59.7 % ، 66.3 دسم2 ، 521.9 غم / نبات،9.77 %، 11.90 غم . كغم1 - ) على التوالي.اما نتائج الموسم الربيعي والذي تضمن 12 معاملة استخدمت فيها توليفة السماد الخليط مع عوامل المقاومة الاحيائية وبدون سماد (كمعاملة سيطرة )، جميعها مع الفطر الممرض ، فقد اظهرت معاملة التسميد F1 (سماد خليط) تفوقا واضح في صفات النمو الخضري والصفات الكمية والنوعية للنبات ، اذ اعطت اعلى معدلات في ( النسبة المئوية للبزوغ الحقلي ، المساحة الورقية ، حاصل النبات الواحد ، النسبة المئوية للنشا) حيث بلغت (92.6 % ، 109.2 دسم2 ،794.4 غم / نبات ، 12.32 %) على التوالي قياسا بمعاملة المقارنة F0 (تربة بدون تسميد) ، اذ بلغت (81.5 % ، 78.3 دسم2 ، 615.7 غم / نبات ،11.41 % ) على التوالي . واظهرت النتائج ايضا تاثيرا واضحا لعوامل المكافحة الاحيائية فقد تفوقت المعاملة P5 (الفطر الممرض R.s. + (A.n. +P.f. + T.h.) ) في صفات النمو الخضري والصفات الكمية والنوعية للنبات ، اذ اعطت اعلى المعدلات في ( النسبة المئوية للبزوغ الحقلي ، المساحة الورقية ، حاصل النبات الواحد ، النسبة المئوية للنشا) اعلى المعدلات بلغت ( 97.2 % ، 117.6 دسم2 ،816.7 غم/ نبات ، 13.45 %) على التوالي قياسا بالمقارنة P1 (الفطر الممرض R.s. فقط ) والتي اعطت معدلات بلغت ( 72.2 % ، 71.1 دسم2 ،579.2 غم/ نبات ،9.90 %)على التوالي . اظهر السماد العضوي المخصب الذي تم تصنيعة كفاءة في انبات بذور ونمو بادرات نبات الفجل المختبرة ، حيث اعطت المعاملة T6 ( تربة + سماد خليط + R.s. + (A.n. +P.f. + T.h.)) تفوقا واضحا في النسبة المئوية للانبات ، طول البادرة ، الوزن البادرة الطري ، حيوية البذور ،اذ بلغت (90 % ، 11.2 سم ، 0.9 غم ، 1011) مقارنة مع معاملة T2 ( تربة + سماد خليط + R.s.) ، التي لم تعطي اي نسبة انبات . وبذلك يعتبر السماد المصنع قابل للاستخدام لمدة اكثر من سنة حسب نتيجة التجربة . | This study was conducted at labrotories college of Agriculture / Al - Muthanna Uni. and experiment filed condition in Al - Najme location in the North east Al - Samawa city during 2013 - 2014 growth season.This study included tow categories or parts : The first category includes the manfacture of organic fertilizers enriched , by using bio control agents to organic fertilizer and control the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani that causes black crust on Potatoes.The bio control agents showed high antagonistic efficiency with fungus in labrotory experiments and the degree of antagonism ranged from 1 - 2 while the fungus A.niger was 2.25 according to the degree beivs scale (Bell) , as well as its efficiency in increasing the percentage of germination of radish seed.The second category aimed to study the effect of organic fertilizers ( cow manure , chemical fertilizer and control treatment ) and bio control agents alone and in combination on the growth and yield of Solanum tuberosum L. c.v. Santa class A , during 15 September 2013 to 15 December 2014 and Arizona class Elite , during 28 December 2014 to 3 May 2014. The results during the fall season were summarized as fllows : The field experiment included 24 treatment were used various combinations of cow manure and compost and chemical fertilizers with the bio control agents and without fertilizer (as control treatment), all of them with the pathogenic fungus, to assess their impact on plant growth standards, has given , the treatment F3 (compost fertilizer) showed significant superiority in (field emergence , leaf area , holds per plant , , starch percentage % , nitrogen content of tubers ) rached (82.4% , 97.4 dsm2, 737.5 g , 11.81% , 22.47 g. Kgm - 1 ), respectively, compared to the treatment control F0 (soil without fertilization) that gave the lowest rates, reaching (68.5%, 69.9 dsm2, 518.1 g , 10.56% , 12.60 g. Kgm - 1 ), respectively. The results Showes that significant effect when use bio control agents , the treatment P5 (pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani+ (Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens + Aspergillus niger )) significantly in each vegetative growth and the qualitative and quantitative of the plant , was superior (emergence ratio , leaf area, holds per plant , ,% starch percentage , nitrogen content of tubers ), reached (86.1% , 98.5 dsm2, 718.8 g / plant , 12.31% , 24.98 g. Kgm - 1 ), respectively, as compared to control treatment P1 (pathogenic fungus R.s. only) which gave the lowest rates, reaching (59.7% , 66.3 dsm2, 521.9 g / plant , 9.77 % , 11.90 g. Kgm - 1 ), respectively. The results of the Spring season , which included 12 treatmens used where a combination of compost with the bio control agents and without fertilizer (as control treatment), all of them with the pathogenic fungus, has shown the treatment fertilization F1 (compost fertilizer) edge clear in recipes vegetative growth and attributes of quantity and quality of the plant , as given higher rates (the ratio of emergence field , leaf area , holds per plant ,% starch percentage) , reached (92.6%, 109.2 dsm2, 794.4 g / plant , 12.32% ) as compared to the treatment control F0 (soil without fertilization), reached (81.5% , 78.3 dsm2, 615.7 g / plant , 11.41% ), respectively. Results of Showes significant superiority the treatment P5 (pathogenic fungus R.s. + (A.n. + P.f. + T.h.)) in characters vegetative growth and the qualitative and quantitative of the plant , as given in recipes shoot (percentage emergence ratio of field, the number of stems, plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content, dry weight of shoots) reached (97.2% , 117.6 dsm2, 816.7 g / plant , 13.45% ), respectively, compared with P1 (pathogenic fungus R.s. only) reached (72.2% , 71.1 dsm2, 579.2 g / plant , 9.90% ), respectively. The compost - enriched, was superior in radish seed germination and growth as wells as , the treatment T6 (soil + F.c. + R.s. + (A.n. + P.f. + T.h.)) was superior significant in germination percentage , length of gesture, weight gesture and seed viability, reaching (90 %, 11.2 cm, 0.9 g , 1011) compared with treatment T2 (soil + F.c. + R.s.), which did not give any germination percentage. and so is the fertilizer factory unusable for more than a year as a result of the experiment.

تقييم كفاءة بعض المبيدات الاحيائية والطبيعية في مقاومة حفار اوراق الطماطة Tuta absoluta (Meyrick 1917) (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) تحت الظروف المختبرية والحقلية == Evaluation efficacy of some biological and natural insecticides on the control of Tutaabsoluta(Meyrick 17) in laboratory and green house

Author name: عبد الكريم عبد الحسين سلمان
Supervisor name: نهاد كاظم خلف التميمي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Gardening
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه االدراسة للفتره 2012 - 2013 لمعرفة تاثير اوراق نبات قرن الغزال Ibicella lutea وبكتريا Bacillus thuringiensis على الادوار المختلفة حشرة حفار اوراق الطماطه Tuta absulotaفي المختبر والحقل. تبين من اجراء التجارب تحت الظروف المختبرية تاثير البكتريا على ادوار الحشره في المختبر تاثيرا معنوبيا حيث حققت العزله B. t.s اقل نسبة تفقيس لبيض الحشرة (25.5%) عند التخفيف 10 - 4 . بينما حققت العتره.k B. t اعلى نسبة قتل لليرقات (76%) عند التخفيف نفسه, وكانت اعلى نسبة القتل للبالغات للعزلة B. t. e حيث وصلت الى 61% عند نفس التخيف. وبينت الدراسة ان لوقت التعرض تاثير معنوي على نسب الهلاك لليرقات والبالغات حيث كانت نسبة الهلاك عند 72 ساعة ( 70.7% لليرقات و48.8% للبالغات) , بينما كانت نسب الهلاك عند 48 ساعة 54.8% لليرقات و36.6% للبالغات اما نسب الهلاك بعد 24 ساعة 41.6% لليرقات و25.9 % للبالغات . اظهرت الدراسة تاثيرا معنويا للمستخلصات المائية (الماء الحار والبارد) على نسبة فقس البيوض فقد كانت النسب 34% و53% للماء البارد عند تركيز 80% . بينمواصلت اعلى نسبة هلاك اليرقات 69% للماء الحار و44.6% للماء البارد عند تركيز 80% في حين كانت اعلى نسبة هلاك للبالغات بالماء الحار 51% والماء البارد 34.3% عند التركيز 80% . كما اثرت المستخلصات الكحولية (الهكسين والايثانول) لاوراق نبات قرن الغزال تاثيرا معنويا على نسبة فقس البيوض حيث كانت اقل نسبة فقس 23.3% باستخدام مستخلص الايثانول و25.5% باستخدام مستخلص الهكسين عند التركيز 80% واظهرت الدراسة ارتفاع في نسبة هلاك اليرقات حيث كانت النسب للايثانول 86.6% والهكسين 51% بينما نسبة هلاك البالغات 49% و42% باستخدام مستخلص الاثانول والهكسين عند تركيز 80%. ومن التحليل الاحصائي لـتاثير فترات التعرض للمستخلصات لم يظهر اي فرق معنوي للتعرض للفترات المختلفة على جميع ادوار الحشرة. من خلال التجارب الحقلية لاستخدام بكتريا B. thuringiensis كعامل مكافحة لادوار الحشرة اثر هذا المبيد الاحيائي تاثيرا معنويا على نسبة فقس بيض الحشرة حيث ان العزلة B.t.i حققت اقل نسبة فقس 27% عند التخفيف 10 - 4 .في حين وصلت نسبة هلاك اليرقات الى 55.7% باستخدام العزلة B.t.a واعطت العزلة B.t.s اعلى نسبة هلاك للبالغات 51% عند نفس التخفيف 10 - 4 . بينت النتائج ان هناك فرق معنوي لفترات تعرض بيوض ويرقات وبالغات الحشرة للبكتريا .وقد اثر استخدام المستخلصات المائية لاوراق نبات قرن الغزال تاثيرا معنويا حيث كانت اقل نسبة فقس للبيض عند استخدام الماء البارد 72% وللماء الحار 44% عند تركيز 80% في حين كانت نسبة الفقس باستخدام مستخلص الايثانول 25.5% وللهكسين31.5% عند التركيز 80% .اما اعلى نسبة هلاك لليرقات بالماء الحار 64% وللماء البارد 57% عند التركيز 80% في حين وصلت اعلى النسب الى 72% عند استخدام مستخلص الايثانول و53% عند استخدام مستخلص الهكسين على التوالي بتركيز 80%. واظهر مستخلص الماء الحار نسبة هلاك للبالغات بلغت 65% في حين وصلت النسبة الى 55% للماء البارد, وبلغت نسب الهلاك باستخدام المستخلصات الكحولية (الهكسين والاثانول) 60% و68% على التوالي عند تركيز 80%.واظهرت النتائج بعدم وجود فروقات معنوية لاوراق نبات قرن الغزال لفترات تعرض مختلفة للمستخلصات كافة وعلى كافة ادوارالحشرة. وبينت الدراسة ان نسب تاثير البكتريواالمستخلصات النباتية كانت اعلى تحت الظروف المختبرية مما هو عليه تحت الظروف الحقلية ولادوار الحشرة كافة . | This study was conducted for the period from 2012 - 2013.The study including demonstrate effect of leaves extracts of Ibicella lutea and Bacillus thuringiensis on a different stages of Tuta absoluta on tomato plants in laboratory and under green house. The result illustrated significance effect of B. thuringiesis on Tuta absoluta eggs, strain B. T. e gave the high effect on decrease eggs hatching, percentage was 25.5 %, in concentration 10 - 4.The effect of killing percentage on larvae was 76% by strain B. T. at the same concentration, While the lethal effect of the B.T.e. on adult insects was 61% at the concentration 10 - 4.The study revealed also there were different effects of the time of inoculation on the lethal percentage of bacteria on the different stages life of insect. The killing percentage was highly after 72 hours of treatment reach up to 70.7% compare of after 24 hours 41.6% to larvae. While on the adults killing percentages were 48.8% , 25.9% during 72 and 24 hours respectively. The results of Ibicella lutea showed that extract gave significance effect on the mortality percentages in different stages of insect. Water extracts by (hot and cold water) affected eggs hatching percentage, we demonstrated 30% and 53% for cold and hot water respectively, while the effect of on larvae killing percentage were 44.6% and 69% and effect in adults were 34.3 and 51 respectively(cold and hot) in concentration 80%.In current study, (ethanol and hexin) for extraction of Ibicella lutea leaves , ethanol has showed strong effect on eggs hatching which decrease the percentage to 23.3% while hexin gave 25.5% in concentration 80%. In the other hand effect of alcoholic extractions on larvae mortality were 86.6% and 51% (ethanol and hexin) while adults deadly percentages were 49 and 42% by ethanol and hexin respectively, all results in concentration 80%.Results also showed that there were no significances effects of the times of inoculations on all stages of insect. In green house, B. thuringiensis proved significance effect on eggs hatching of insects, while the strain B. t. i gave lowest hatching percentage it reached to 27% in concentration of 10 - 4. While the killing percentage on larvae stage was 55.7% by using the strain B. T. a and result on the adults of insect were 51% by strain B. t. s. Results conducted that there were a significances effect of inoculating times of bacteria on different stages of insect failing hatching and mortality percentages of larvae and adults. Ibicella lutea extracts affected in values of Tuta absoluta in the different stages of insect life, so the highly effect was in concentration 80% was showed in case of hot and cold water extracts reveal that there was no significance effect of inoculated times of extract on mortality percentages of insect life stages .We concluded that the effect of bacteria and Ibicella lutea extracts highly in laboratory than in green house because of environments effect in the farm

تاثير نسبة وطور نمو ازالة نباتات محصول زهرة الشمس في صفات النمو والحاصل (Helianthus annuus L.var. flame) == Effect of percentage and growth stage removal of sunflower plants on growth charactars and yield (Helianthus annuus L.var. flame

Author name: علي عبد السادة حول الجياشي
Supervisor name: فيصل محبس الطاهر | يحيى كريـــدي جـــلاب
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Field Crops
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: نفذت تجربة حقلية خلال الموسمين الخريفي والربيعي للعامين 2012 و2013, في احد الحقول الزراعية في قضاء الوركاء / محافظة المثنى، وذلك لدراسة قابلية محصول زهرة الشمس على تعويض الحاصل من جراء فقد النباتات. استعملت تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة ( R.C.B.D) بثلاثة مكررات، اذ تضمنت الدراسة اربع نسب لازالة النباتات هي (صفر و25 و50 و75%) في خمسة اطوار لنمو النبات هي : ( = V4طور 4 ورقات) و(V8 = طور 8 ورقات) و(V12 = طور 12 ورقة) و(R1 = طور البرعم الثمري) و(R5 = طور التزهير) .بينت النتائج ان لازالة النباتات تاثيرا معنويا في زيادة صفات النمو (عدد الاوراق وقطر الساق والمساحة الورقية وقطر القرص) ومكونات الحاصل (عدد البذور بالقرص ووزن 1000 بذرة وحاصل النبات الفردي ودليل الحصاد) للموسمين الخريفي والربيعي, وتباينت نتائج الموسمين في صفة حاصل البذور الكلي اذ تفوقت معاملة الازالة 25% باعطائها اعلى متوسط بلغ 3.08 طن.ه - 1, ومن دون فرق معنوي عن معاملة المقارنة للموسم الخريفي, بالمقابل تفوقت معاملة عدم الازالة (المقارنة) في الموسم الربيعي واعطت متوسطا بلغ 1.61 طن.ه - 1 ومن دون فرق معنوي عن معاملة الازالة 25%، وعن نسبة الزيت فقد اعطت معاملة المقارنة اعلى متوسط لنسبة الزيت بلغت 47.20 و42.54% ولكلا الموسمين الخريفي والربيعي على التوالي. كما اظهرت النتائج تفوق مراحل الازالة المبكرة, التي لم تختلف معنويا فيما بينها ( V4 وV8 وV12) في اغلب الصفات المدروسة وللموسمين, اذ اعطى طور الازالة V12 اعلى متوسطا لصفة حاصل البذور الكلي وحاصل الزيت بلغا 2.53 و1.15 طن.ه - 1 على التوالي للموسم الخريفي, في حين تفوق طور الازالة V8 في الموسم الربيعي واعطى متوسطا بلغ 1.36 و0.56 طن.ه - 1 للصفتين على التوالي . كذلك لوحظ زيادة نسبة الزيت كلما تاخر طور الازالة اذ اعطى الطور R5 اعلى متوسط لنسبة الزيت بلغ 46.38 و42.11% للموسمين الخريفي والربيعي على التوالي .اكدت النتائج وجود تاثير معنوي للتداخل بين العاملين في معظم الصفات وللموسمين, اذ اعطت التوليفة (ازالة 25% × طور (V12 اعلى متوسطين لحاصل البذور الكلي وحاصل الزيت بلغا 3.46 و1.61 طن.ه - 1 على التوالي للموسم الخريفي, في حين اعطت التوليفة (ازالة 25% × طور (V4 اعلى متوسطين بلغا 1.73 و0.72 طن.ه - 1 على التوالي للموسم الربيعي . وعن نسبة الزيت فقد اعطت التوليفة (المقارنة × طور (R1 اعلى متوسطين بلغا 47.50 و42.69 % للموسمين الخريفي والربيعي على التوالي | The experiment was condacted during two seasons (spring and autumn) within period 2012 - 2013 under filed condition Alwarka /Almuthana, to study the ability of sunflower crop on compensation loss yield of plant . The experiment was laid out in R .C. B . D design with three replicated, four percentages of plants were removel (0,25,50 and 75%) in five stage of plant growth : (V4=4 leave stage),(V8= 8 leave stege),(V12= 12 leave stage),(R1= bud stage and (R5= flowering stage) . The result showed the removal of plant significantly in increasing plant parameters growth (leave numbers, stem diameter, leave area and head diameter) and yield components (seed number, weight of 1000 seed, yield 0f single plant and harvesting index) for two season spring and automn, But the yield of 25% removal gave the highest seed yield (3.08 ton\h) the autumn season , while the control treatment gave significantly the highest seed yield (1.61 ton\ h) during spring season. Also the control treatment gave significantly the highest percentage of oil(47.2 and 42.54%) for autumn and spring respectively. The result also showed that the early removal of plant in the stage(V4,V8 and V12) significantly give more plant growth and yield specially V12 give the highest seed yield (2.53 and 1.18 ton \h) for autumn and spring respectively, in addition V8 stage give the highest oil yield (1.36 and 0.56 ton\h) for autumn and spring respectively, more over increased in the late stage (R5) Which give (46.38 and 42.12%) for autumn and spring respectively, The result revealed significantly interaction between some percentage of plant removal the interaction between (V4 x 25% plant removal) give significantly the highest seed yield and oil yield (3. 46 and 1. 61 ton\h) for autumn and spring respectively, and the interaction between (V4 x 25%plant remova) give significantly the highest seed yield and oil yield (1.73 and 0.72 ton\h) for autumn and spring respectively, and the interaction between (R1 x the control) give significantly oil percentage (47.50 and 42.59%) for the autumn and spring respectively

تاثير التسميد النيتروجيني والرش بمستخلص الثوم في النموالخضري وحاصل الزيت الطيار لنبات النعناع الفلفلي Mentha piperita L. وصفاته ومكوناته الكيميائية == Effect of Nitrogenous Fertilizer and Spraying Garlic Extract on Vegetative Growth, Quantity and Quality of the Essential Oil of Mentha piperita L. and its Chemical components

Author name: قاسم عاجل شناوة الزيادي
Supervisor name: ياس خضير عباس | يحيى كريدي جلاب
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Gardening
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: نفذت التجربة في محطة البحوث الزراعية / (منطقة ال بندر) التابعة لكلية الزراعة - جامعة المثنى - الواقعة على ضفاف نهر الفرات وتبعد مسافة 2 كم عن مركز مدينة السماوة للفترة 10/9 - 29/12/2012 بهدف دراسة تاثير التسميد النيتروجيني والرش بمستخلص الثوم في النمو الخضري وحاصل الزيت الطيار لنبات النعناع الفلفلي Mentha piperita L. وصفاته ومكوناته الكيميائية. وقد شملت التجربة ست عشرة معاملة هي عبارة عن التداخلات بين مستويات مختلفة من التسميد النتروجيني اضيفت على هيئة يوريا هي 0 و50 و100 و150 كغم N .هكتار - 1 والرش بمستخلص الثوم بتراكيزمختلفة هي 0 و2.5 و5 و7.5 مل.لتر - 1 رشت على المجموع الخضري للنباتات وبمعدل ثلاث رشات خلال موسم النمو . استخدم في تنفيذ التجربة التصميم العشوائي الكامل C.R.D وبثلاثة مكررات وقورنت المتوسطات حسب اختبار اقل فرق معنوي عند مستوى احتمال 0.05 ويمكن تلخيص النتائج بما ياتي : 1 - تفوقت النباتات المعاملة بمستوى 150 كغم N.هكتار - 1 معنويا في جميع صفات النمو الخضري المدروسة ارتفاع النبات وعدد الافرع الجانبية وعدد الاوراق الكلي والمساحة الورقية للنبات والوزنين الطري والجاف للمجموع الخضري ومحتوى الكلوروفيل في الاوراق والنسبة المئوية للنتروجين في الاوراق والنسبة المئوية للكاربوهيدرات الذائبة الكلية والتي بلغت31.08 سم و19.98 فرعوا 140.07 ورقة و700.35 سم2 و17.82 غم و2.47 غم و22.63مايكروغرام.سم2 و5.54 % و64.88 % , على التوالي . اوضحت النتائج الى ان النسبة المئوية للزيت الطيارالمستخلص وكميته قد تاثرتا بالتسميد النتروجيني المضاف اذ تفوقت النباتات المعاملة بـ 150كغم N .هكتار - 1 معنويا في النسبة المئوية للزيت الطيار وكميته وكانت 1.01% و20.91 لتر.هكتار - 1 على التوالي . وتفوقت النباتات المعاملة بالسماد النتروجيني بمستوى150 كغم N .هكتار - 1 معنويا في الصفات النوعية للزيت الطيار المدروسة (الوزن النوعي , كثافة الزيت., معامل الانكسار) والتي كانت 0.783 , 9137.0 ملغم.مايكروليتر - 1 , 1.46670 , على التوالي . 2 - اوضحت نتائج الدراسة ان لتراكيز الرش بمستخلص الثوم تاثير معنوي في صفات النمو الخضري اذ تفوقت النباتات المعاملة بتركيز 5 مل. لتر - 1 في ارتفاع النبات وعدد الاوراق الكلي .نبات - 1 والمساحة الورقية والوزنين الطري والجاف للمجموع الخضري والنسبة المئوية للنتروجين في الاوراق والتي بلغت 27.51سم و114.47 ورقة و572.38 سم2 و12.20 غم و1.75 غم و3.92% , على التوالي . بينما تفوقت النباتات المعاملة بالتركيز7.5 مل.لتر - 1 في عدد الافرع الجانبية.نبات - 1 ومحتوى الكلوروفيل في الاوراق والنسبة المئوية للكاربوهيدرات الذائبة الكلية والتي بلغت 16.18 فرعوا 19.06 مايكروغرام.سم2 و65.15 % على التوالي . وتفوقت النباتات المعاملة بمستخلص الثوم بتركيز 5 مل. لتر - 1 معنويا في نسبة الزيت الطيار وكميته وبلغا .0.91 % و14.72 لتر.هكتار - 1 على التوالي . 3 - اعطت التداخلات بين مستويات التسميد النتروجيني ورش تراكيز مستخلص الثوم زيادة معنوية في صفات النمو الخضري , اذ تفوقت النباتات المعاملة بــــ 150 كغم N .هكتار - 1 ومستخلص الثوم بتركيز 5 مل. لتر - 1 معنويا في جميع صفات النمو الخضري المدروسة . اظهر التداخل بين التسميد النتروجيني والرش بمستخلص الثوم تاثيرا معنويا في النسبة المئوية للزيت الطيار وكميته اذ اعطى التداخل المستوى السمادي 150 كغم N .هكتار - 1 ومستخلص الثوم بتركيز5 مل. لتر - 1 اعلى القيم في تلك الصفتين . 4 - بينت نتائج التحليل الكروموتوغرافي للزيت الطيار المستخلص من اوراق النبات لتحديد المركبات الفعالة ان النباتات المعاملة بمستوى التسميد النتروجيني 150 كغم N .هكتار - 1 مع الرش بمستخلص الثوم بتركيز 5 مل. لتر - 1 قداعطت اعلى نسب من مركبات المنثول menthol والمنثون mnthon والليمونين limonene بلغت 39.41% و21.87% و6.51% على التوالي . | This experiment was conducted at the Experimental Researches Station at All - Bender area, College of Agriculture - Al - Muthanna University from 10/9 - 29/12/2012. The aim was to study the effect of nitrogenous fertilizer and garlic extract on vegetative growth , quantity and quality of essential oil of Mentha piperita L .The experiment included 16 factorial treatment which is the interaction treatments between four different rates of nitrogenous fertilizer in the farm of urea 0 , 50 , 100 and 150 Kg N.ha - 1 and garlic extract at different concentration 0.0 , 2.5 , 5.0 and 7.5 ml. L - 1 on vegetative growth plants were sprayed three times during the experiment period . Complete Randomized Design was used with three replicates .The means were compared using Least Significant Differences ( LSD ) at probability of 0.05. Results can summarized as follows : 1 - Plants treated with (150 Kg N.ha - 1) showed to be superior in all vegetative growth characteristics : plant height , branches number , leaves number, leaves area, fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth, leaf content of total chlorophyll, leaf contents of nitrogen leaf contents of carbohydrate reaching (31.08 cm , 19.98 branch.plant - 1 , 140.07 leaf.plant - 1 , 700.35 cm2.plant - 1 , 17.82g.plant - 1 , 2.47g.plant - 1 , 22.63µg.cm2, 5.54% and 64.88%) respectively. The results showed that the rate of nitrogenous fertilizer (150 Kg N.ha - 1) gave the highest value of essential oil percentage and essential oil yield (1.01%) , (20.91 L.ha - 1) respectively. The results revealed that treatment of nitrogenous fertilizer (150 Kg N.ha - 1) gave the highest value of physical characteristics of essential oil : specific gravity (0.783) , relative density (0.9137 mg.ML - 1) , refractive index (1.46670). 2 - The results of study showed that garlic extract spray has a significant effect on vegetative growth characteristics , concentration of ( 5ml. L - 1) which produced the highest values of vegetative growth characteristics : plant height, leaves number, leaves area, fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth, leaf contents of nitrogen reaching (27.51cm , 114.47.leaf - 1 ,572.38 cm2.plant - 1 , 12.20g.plant - 1, 1.75g.plant - 1 and 3.92%) respectively. while concentration of garlic extract (7.5 ml.L - 1 ) gave the highest value of branches number, leaf content of total chlorophyll , leaf contents of carbohydrate reaching (16.18 branch.plant - 1 , 19.06µg.cm2 and 65.15%) respectively. The concentration (5 ml. L - 1) of garlic extract gave the highest means of essential oil percentage (0.91%) and essential oil yield (14.72 L.ha - 1). 3 - The results of the interaction effect between nitrogenous fertilizer and garlic extract spray revealed that there was an increase in the vegetative growth characteristics, the interaction of rate of nitrogenous fertilizer (150 Kg N.ha - 1) with concentration of (5ml. L - 1) gave the highest means of all vegetative growth characteristics. Interaction between rates of nitrogenous fertilizer (150 Kg N.ha - 1) and (5 ml .L - 1) garlic extract spray produced the highest means of content and yield of essential oil. 4 - Results of Chromatographic analysis of essential oil extracted from the leaves, revealed Interaction of rate of nitrogenous fertilizer (150 Kg N.ha - 1) with (5ml.L - 1) garlic extract gave the highest means of qualities compounds, menthol , menthone and limonene ( 39.41% , 21.87% , 6.51% ) respectively

تقيين القابلية التحولية للمفترس اسد المن Chrysoperla carnea Stephens لبعض المبيدات الحشرية وقابلية هذه المبيدات في مكافحة دودة جوز القطن الشوكية Earias insulana Boisd == Evaluation the tolerance of Chysoperla ssp ageinst some insecticides used for controlling of Earias insulana (Boisd)

Author name: صابرين احمد محمد ال غريب
Supervisor name: نهاد كاظم خلف التميمي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Prevention
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate five insecticides (Neemix 4.5 EC , Cypermethrin 10% , Abamectin 1.8 EC , Quality %5 EC , control 500 EC) at laboratory conditions (1±28 cº and humidity % 65±5) on the third larval stage for the Earias insulana (Boisd ) and effect of these insecticides on Chrysoperla carnea (egg , larval , pupa and adult ) by using three concentrations : 0.25 , 0.5 and 1 (ml˖L - ¹) . Results indicuted all examined insecticides showed good activity against the larva of the E. insulana , mortality was 80.00 , 90.00 % for the larval in concentration 0.25 (ml˖L - ¹) while reach 83.33 - 100.00 % in concentrated 0.5 (ml˖L - ¹ ( while concentration 1( ml˖L - ¹) it achieved mortality %100 for all used insecticides after 72 hours from treatment .Also the recently study showed that insecticide effected on the eggs of C.carnea when insecticide used at 0.25(ml˖L - ¹) achieved mortality 22.67, 40.67% while at concentration 0.5 (ml˖L - ¹) the mortality of insecticide between 42.67 - 56.67% while in concentration 1 (ml˖L - ¹) reached 50.00 ,61.33 % . Results of the study showed that Quality insecticide was tow effect on the eggs of C .carnea at 0.25( ml˖L - ¹) , mortality reached 22,67 % while the other insecticide showed ligh effect at the same concentration . However at 0.5(ml˖L - ¹) insecticide the effect of the two insecticide (Quality and Control ) on the eggs was two harm which achieved mortality less than 50 % while the effect of other insecticide at same concentration showed the midl harm effect and mortality 53.33, 56.67 and 51.33 for the Neemix , cypermethrin 10% and Abamectin respectively . finally in 1 (ml˖L - ¹) the effect of Quality two effect but the other insecticide is middle harm.As the study result has confirmed the difference the effect of the examined insecticide on the C. camea larval within each Neemix and cypermethrin have showed the light harm effect to on first stage of larva C. camea and mortality reach 40.00% in the concentration 0.25 (ml˖L - ¹) but the other insecticide has showed the middle harm effects for the larval first stage and achieved mortality 56.67 - 66.67% in the concentration 0.25(ml˖L - ¹). .Results showed that the concentration 0.5 (ml˖L - ¹) for Neemix , CyPermethrin %10 and Quality achieved moderate effect on first stage of larva that caused mortality 53.33 - 70.00 % , However the effect of insecticide Control and Abamectin were high harm and achieved mortality more than 76% in concentration 0.5(ml˖L - ¹).Neemix , cypermethrin 10% have achieved modrate effect to the first stage of larva for the C. camea in 1 (ml˖L - ¹) concentration mortality 73.33% and 70.00% frequently but the other insecticides effected in highly effected in concentration 1 (ml˖L - ¹) and achieved mortality between 83.33 - 90.00% . The effect of insecticides on the second stage larva showed the result the Cypermethrin 10% was harmless for the second stage larva and achieved mortality reached 23.33% in concentration 0.25 (ml˖L - ¹)as compared with the other insecticides that were light harm for the second stage and achieved mortality between 26.67 - 33.33 % in the same concentration. While in the two concentrations 0.5 and 1 (ml˖L - ¹) the used insecticides were light harm on the second stage larva within achieved mortality between 30.00 - 50.00%. In the same time the third stage larva for the C.camea recognized by a big tolerance for the used insecticides which they were harmless and record mortality less 25% in the two concentrations 0.25 and 0.5 (ml˖L - ¹) while in concentration 1 (ml˖L - ¹) the effect of Control and Abamectin insecticides were light harm that record mortality reached 26%, in the other side the effect of the other insecticides were harmless in this concentration. The effect the insecticides on the C.camea pupas, the results showed mortality in concentration 0.25 (ml˖L - ¹) between 0.00 - 26.66% during the treatment by the insecticides but mortality reached 3.33 - 43.33% in concentration 0.5(ml˖L - ¹) while in 1(ml˖L - ¹) it was between 20.00 - 56.66% .The results revealed that the Control insecticide was more effective to the adults (males and females ) mortality between 83.33 - 100.00% for the concentration 0.25 - 1 (ml˖L - ¹) , the other insecticides have affected in difference on the adults , mortality with the treatment by the Quality and Abamectin reached 66.67% and 53.33% in concentration 0.25 (ml˖L - ¹) but mortality of the females 10.00% and 20.00% with treatment of Quality and Abamectin in the same concentration frequently , Each increase in the concentration lead to increasing in the mortality reached C100% for the Quality insecticide in concentration 1(ml˖L - ¹) .Results showed that Neemix and Cypermethin achieved the mortality for the male in concentration 0.25,0.5 and 1 (ml˖L - ¹) between 30.00 - 86.67 % and for the females 0.00 - 60.00% for the treatment of Neemix and reached 33.33 - 76.67 % for the treatment of Cypermethrin%10

تاثير توليفات مختلفة من السماد العضوي والحيوي والمعدني وتغطية التربـــة في نمو وحاصل صنفين مـــن البطاطا (Santa ، Draga) المزروعين في محافظة المثنى (Solanum tuberosum L.) == Effect of different combinations of organic, in organic and bio fertilizer and mulching on the growth and yield of Two cultivars (Santa and Draga) of potatoes in Al - muthanna province (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Author name: امان حميد جابر الكعبي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Gardening
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: نفذت هذه التجربة في موقعي (النجمي وال بندر) في محافظة المثنى للموسم الخريفي 2013. وقد سجلت الدراسة مدى استجابة صنفي البطاطا Santa وDraga للرتبة (A) لتاثير كل من الغطاء البلاستيكي الاسود والاسمدة (بدون تسميد ، الرش بمعلق الخميرة 6 ، 10 غم .لتر - 1 ، سماد اغنام فقط ، سماد اغنام + 6غم.لتر - 1 خميرة ، سماد اغنام + 10غم .لتر - 1 خميرة ، سماد ابقار فقط ، سماد ابقار + 5غم .لتر - 1 خميرة ، سماد ابقار + 10غم . لتر - 1 خميرة ، سماد كيمياوي فقط ، سماد كيمياوي + 6غم . لتر - 1 خميرة ، سماد كيمياوي + 10غم .لتر - 1 خميرة ) ونفذت كتجربة عامليه وقف تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة D.B.C.R وبثلاثة مكررات تحتوي كل وحدة تجريبية على ست نباتات وقورنت المتوسطات حسب اختبار اقل فرق معنوي D.S.L عند مستوى(0.05( وكانت النتائج على النحو التالي .1 - تفوق الصنف Santaمعنويا على الصنف Draga ولكلا الموقعين في صفات نسبة البزوغ الحقلي ،عدد السيقان ،المساحة الورقية ،نسبة الكلوروفيل ، الوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري ،حاصل الكلي ، عدد الدرنات ، المادة الجافة للدرنات ، النشا ، الكثافة النوعية ، البروتين ، محتوى النتروجين ، والفسفور، والبوتاسيوم وبنسبة زيادة بلغت (1.49 ،8.67 ،7.1 ،6.01 ،2.71 ،3.45 ،12.6 ، 8.89 ،12.91 ،0.61 ، 5.95 ،5.77 ، 15.15 ، 10.32%) بالتتابع بينما انخفضت معنويا في صفة ارتفاع النبات ، نسبة المواد الصلبة الذائبة وبنسبة انخفاض بلغت (8.0 %، 26.6 % ) بالتتابع .2 - تفوقت معاملة التغطية للنباتات معنويا في صفات (ارتفاع النبات ، عدد السيقان الهوائية، مساحة الورقية ، نسبة الكلوروفيل ،الوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري ، حاصل النبات الواحد ، حاصل الكلي، عدد الدرنات ،النسبة المئوية للمادة الجافة في الدرنات ،النسبة المئوية للنشا ، الكثافة النوعية ، المواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية ، البروتين ، محتوى الدرنات من النتروجين والفسفور والبوتاسيوم ) وبنسبة زيادة بلغت (5.16 ،20.99 ،6.16 ، 10.58 ،6.43 ، 22.73 ، 22.33 ،12.51 ، 4.52 ،6.27 ،0.29 ،12.37 ،7.22 ،7.19 ،21.12 ،12.39 %) بالتتابع .3 - تفوق معاملة التسميد العضوية بسماد الابقار معنويا في صفة نسبة البزوغ الحقلي فبلغت 92.05 % في منطقة النجمي ،82.54 % في محطة ال بندر .4 - اعطت معاملة التسميد (كيمياوي +معلق الخميرة) اعلى النتائج المعنوية في صفات النمو الخضري(ارتفاع النبات،عدد السيقان الهوائية،المساحة الورقية،الوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري) وصفات الحاصل(حاصل النبات الواحد ،الحاصل الكلي،عدد الدرنات) والصفات النوعية للحاصل(نسبة الكلورفيل،النسبة المئوية للنتروجين، النسبة المئوية للفسفور، النسبة المئوية للبوتاسيوم، النسبة المئوية للمادة الجافة ، النسبة المئوية للنشا، النسبة المئوية للمواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية، النسبة المئوية للبروتين،الكثافة النوعية، النسبة المئوية النترات.5 - تفوقت معاملة التسميد العضوي (سماد ابقار+10 غم خميرة . لتر - 1 ) معنويا في صفات (ارتفاع النبات ، عدد السيقان الهوائية ، المساحة الورقية ، الكلورفيل ،الوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري ، حاصل النبات الواحد ، النسبة المئوية للمادة الجافة للدرنات ، النشا ، الكثافة النوعية ، النتروجين ، الفسفور ، البوتاسيوم) مقارنة معاملة التسميد الكيمياوي فقط بينما لم تختلف عنها معنويا في صفات عدد الدرنات ومحتواها من المواد الصلبة الذائبة والبروتين.6 - اعطت نباتات معاملة التداخل الثلاثي للصنف Santa والمعاملة بتسميد (كيمياوي+10غم .لتر1 - )في منطقة النجمي اعلى معدل معنوي لصفات ارتفاع النبات ، عدد السيقان الهوائية ، المساحة الورقية ، نسبة الكلورفيل ،المادة الجافة للمجموع الخضري ، حاصل النبات ، عدد الدرنات ، نسبة المادة الجافة للدرنات ، نشا ، المواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية ، البروتين ، محتوى الدرنات من N ، P ، K والتي بلغت ( 43.940 سم ، 3.10 فرع \نبات، 92.414 دسم2، 17.199 SPAD ، 44.55غم.نبات - 1 ،784.17 غم.نبات - 1، 6.746 درنة.نبات - 1، 15%، 9.935%، 6.083%، 7.4%، 1.18%، 0.315%، 2.093%) بالتتابع.7 - انخفاض نسبة النترات في درنات معاملات التسميد العضوي ولكلا الموقعين(سماد الابقار فقط او مع رش بالخميرة 6،10 غم.لتر - 1) في تحقيق اقل نسبة من النترات مقارنة مع باقي معاملات التسميد الاخرى بلغت(0.082 %،0.092 %،0.097 % )لمنطقة النجمي وبلغت(0.101 %، 0.111 %،0.121 %) لمحطة ال بندر.8 - اختلافات معنوية في جميع صفات االنمو الخضري والحاصل والصفات النوعية للصنفين وباختلاف المواقع مع تفوقها في منطقة النجمي. | This Study was conducted in AI - Najme and AI - Bemder field during the Autumn season, 2013 using Santa and Draga potato cultivar class (A) The aim of this study to investigate the effect of mulching with Black polyethylene sheets and different treatments of fertilizer (control ، 6g yeast .L - 1 ، 10g yeast.L - 1 ،Cow manure ، Cow manure + 6g yeast .L - 1، Cow manure+10g yeast .L - 1، sheep manure ،sheep manure + 6g yeast .L - 1 ، sheep manure + 10g yeast .L - 1 ، chemical fertilizer، chemical fertilizer +6g yeast .L - 1 ،And chemical fertilizer +10g yeast .L - 1)on growth and yield of potato. The experiment was set up using Randomized completely Block Design (R.C.B.D) with 3 replicates ،six tubers were planted in each replicate. The means was compared using L.S.D . at level of 0.05 probability.The experimental results can be summarized as follows : - 1 - The Santa variety was significantly superior as compare with Draga in the percentage of field emergency per ، number of stems ، leaf area ، the chlorophyll، dry weigh of vegetative growth ، Winning total ، number of tubers، ، dry weight of tuber ،starch ،specific density ، protein ، Nitrogen ، phosphor and potassium content with ratio of (1.49 ،8.67 ،7.1 ،6.01 ،2.71 ،3.45 ،12.6 ، 8.89 ،12.91 ،0.61 ، 5.95 ،5.77 10.32، ، % 15.15 )respectively. 2 - MuIching with black Polyethylene significantly increased the high of plant ، number of stems ، leaf area ، total chlorophyll، dry weigh of vegetative growth، Holds per plant، total yield، number of tubers، average weight of tuber ،dry weight of tuber ، percentage of starch،specific density، TSS، ،protein ، Nitrogen، phosphor and potassium percentage reached (5.16 ،20.99 ،6.16 ، 10.58 ،6.43 ، 22.73 ، 22.33 ،12.51 ،12.28 ، 4.52 ،6.27 ،0.29 ،12.37 ،7.22 ،7.19 ،21.12 ،12.39 % (respectively. 3 - Adding organic fertilizer (Cow manure) significantly increased on percentage of plant emergences reached 87.29% compared to the treatment comparison 75.25% percentage reached 15.59%. 4 - Treating potato plant with chemical fertilizer and 10g yeast .L - 1 significantly increased all vegetative characters yield number of tubers the content of Tss ،starch ، protein، Nitrogen، phosphor and potassium percentage. 5 - The treatment of organic fertilizer (Cow manure + spraying 10g yeast .L - 1) significantly increased the high of plant، number of stems، leaf area ، total chlorophyll The number of tubers ، tubers weight content of dry mater ، starch ، TSS ، protein، Nitrogen ،phosphor and potassium percentage compared with chemical fertilizer but no significantly in number of tubers and content of Tss with protein percentage. 6 - The interaction among Santa cultivar ، Mulching and adding chemical fertilizer with spraying 10g yeast .L - 1 on plants in AI - Najmi area gave significantly highest results in plant high ، number of stem ، leaf area ، chlorophyll ، yield ، tubers number، tuber weight and content of dry mater ، starch ، TSS، protein، Nitrogen، phosphor and potassium percentage reached (43.94cm ، 3. 10 ،92414. dcm 2 ،17.199 spad ، 784.17g ، 6.74tubers، 123.0g% 15، ،9.93% ،6.83% ،7.4% ،1.18% ،0.315% ،2.093%( respectively. 7 - low proportion of nitrates in tubers transactions organic fertilizer (manure of cows، sheep manure،spray with yeast or not yeast) in recording the lowest rate of nitrates compared with the rest of the other transactions fertilization (0.082 %،0.092 %،0.097 % ) in AI - Najme area (0.101 %، 0.111 %،0.121 %) in AI - Bemder area. 8 - significant differences in all the qualities of vegetative growth , yield and qualitative characteristics of the two cultivars in different area with superiority in AI - Najme area

تاثير الموقع الطوبوغرافي في وراثة وتصنيف بعض ترب المنخفضات في الهضبة الصحراوية جنوب غرب السماوة == Effect of Topographic Location on genesis and Classification of some (Alvedhat) depressions Soils in the Western Plateau Southwest of Samawah

Author name: ابو الحسن عادل علي المحسن
Supervisor name: اياد كاظم علي الحسيني
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Production
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: اختيرت سبعة بيدونات موزعة في مسارين Transectsجنوب غرب السماوة ضمن ثلاث مناطق متمثلة بمنطقة بريبج والبت والذريات في البادية الجنوبية من محافظة المثنى ، بهدف دراسة تاثير الموقع الطوبوغرافي على وراثة وتصنيف ترب بعض الفيضات في تلك المناطق . تم اجراء عملية مسح تربة بالطريقة الحرة Free lance soil survey اعتمادا على حالة التباين في الصفات المنظورة ميدانيا وخصوصا الطوبوغرافية والنسجة ولون التربة والنبت الطبيعي وغيرها من الصفات , كشفت البيدونات ووصفت مورفولوجيا واستحصلت عينات تربة مثارة (Disturbed ) من كل افق لغرض اجراء التحاليل الفيزيائية والكيميائية والمعدنية ، وعينات تربة غير مثارة ( Undisturbed ) من بعض الافاق لدراسة الصفات المايكرومورفولوجية .الصفات المورفولوجية : توضح نتائج التوصيف المورفولوجي الى وجود حالة من التباين في بعض الصفات المورفولوجية بين بيدونات الدراسة وذلك نتيجة تاثير الموقع الطوبوغرافي ومادة الاصل والمناخ بشكل رئيس فضلا عن تاثير بعض العوامل الموقعية مما انعكس على الصفات المورفولوجية الكبيرة في مقدمتها نوع وسمك الافاق وطبيعة ترتيبهوامراافقها من صفات مميزة لكل افق . فقد تبين ان الترب المتكونة في وسط الفيضات ضمن المسار الثاني اكثر عمقا وذات لون اغمق مما في بيدونات المسار الاول والتي يضفي على الوانها اللون الفاتح بسبب تواجد الكلس بكميات مرتفعة مقارنة بترب المسار الثاني , كما ان بناء التربة كان بين البناء الكتلي عديم الزوايا الى الكتلي حاد الزوايا كما تواجد البناء الصفائحي في الافاق السفلى في بيدونات المسار الثاني مقارنة ببيدونات المسار الاول والتي كانت اغلب افاقه عديمة البناء . كما تبين ان تتابع الافاق في بيدونات المسار الاول هو A - Ck - Cky1 - R - Cky2 اما بيدونات المسار الثاني فقد كان تتابع الافاق هو A - Bk - Btk1 - Btk2 . الصفات الفيزيائيةلقد اكدت النتائج على زيادة محتوى الطين الكلي في الافاق تحت السطحية الى المستوى الذي يحقق شروط تكون الافق الطيني نوع Argillic في بيدونات المسار الثاني , اذ زاد محتوى الطين الكلي في افاق الكسب عنها في افاق الفقد , ولم يلاحظ ذلك في بيدونات المسار الاول . الصفات الكيميائيةبينت النتائج ان هناك ارتفاع في محتوى كاربونات الكالسيوم في ترب المسار الاول (400 - 490 )غم كغم - 1 في حين انخفضت هذه القيم في بيدونات المسار الثاني ( 110 - 430 ) غم كغم - 1 نتيجة لنشاط عمليات عكس التكلس وتكوين الافق كالسيك اذ تم ملاحظة نمط توزيع قيم كاربونات الكالسيوم في الافاق تحت السطحية مقارنة بالافاق العليا . بينت النتائج الى ان الاكاسيد صعبة الحركة (Al2O3 , Fe2O3, SiO2 ) ازدادت في ترب الفيضات على حساب العناصر القاعدية سهلة الحركة ( MgO و( CaOفي حين كان التوزيع مغاير لترب المسار الاول للمناطق المرتفعة وهذا يشير الى حالة التجوية العالية لترب الفيضات لتوفر الظروف الملائمة لنشاط هذه العملية وهذا ما عكسته النسب الجزيئية التي حسبت لهذه الترب .التكوين المعدني لترب الدراسةبينت نتائج الدراسات المعدنية الى سيادة معادن الكوارتز والكالسايت والدولمايت في ترب المسار الاول وانخفاضها في ترب المسار الثاني وكان ذلك مغايرا للمعادن الطينية المونتموريلونايت والكاؤولينايت والالايت والتي ازدادت في ترب المسار الثاني ( ترب الفيضات) . وهذا يشير الى نشاط عمليات التجوية والعمليات البيدوجينية في ترب المسار الثاني مقارنة بترب المسار الاول .الخصائص المايكرومورفولوجية اكدت نتائج الصفات المورفولوجية الدقيقة الى وجود تباين في درجة تطور بيدونات المسار الثاني وذلك من خلال وجود بعض المظاهر المايكرومورفولوجية ومنها Argillans وOrg - Argillans وFerri - argillans وCalcians والتي تؤكد حركة مكونات التربة من الاعلى الى الاسفل نتيجة لنشاط بعض عمليات تكوين التربة . وراثة وتطور وتصنيف ترب الدراسة : تؤكد نتائج الدراسة الى وجود تباين في درجة التطور بين بيدونات المسار الاول والثاني وهذا يعكس التباين الحاصل في الموقع الطوبوغرافي وتاثيرها على كميات المياه التي تستلمها ترب الفيضات مقارنة بالمناطق المرتفعة اضافة الى تاثير الغطاء النباتي وكذلك نشاط العمليات البيدوجينية والجيومورفولوجية على الجانب الوراثي لترب الدراسة .لقد اكدت نتائج الصفات المورفولوجية والفيزيائية والكيميائية والمايكرومورفولوجية على ان ترب الدراسة كانت متطورة لبيدونات المسار الثاني وذلك من خلال حالة التباين في نوع وسمك الافاق التشخيصية فيها , وعدم تطور ترب المسار الاول اذ لم يلاحظ تواجد اي افاق تشخيصية في بيدوناتها على العكس من بيدونات المسار الثاني والتي لوحظ فيها كل من الافق التشخيصي تحت السطحي Argillic والافق Calcic في جميع بيدونات ترب الفيضات وهذه النتائج تؤكد دور العوامل البيئية والموقعية التي تلعب دور في تنشيط العمليات البيدوجينية التي ساعدت على تكوين وتطور تلك الافاق ومنها عمليات الفقد والكسب اضافة الى عمليات ازالة التملح وازالة التكلس والتكلس .صنفت بيدونات المسار الاول جميعها الى رتبة Entisols والى تحت الرتبة Psamments كما شخصت المجموعة العظمى Torripasmment والى تحت المجوعة العظمى Typic Torripasmments . اما بيدونات المسار الثاني فقد صنفت جميعها الى تحت الرتبة Aridisols والى تحت الرتبة Argids ثم شخصت المجموعة العظمى Calciargids والى تحت المجموعة العظمى Vertic Calciargid . | Seven Pedons were selected within two study Transects reprecent three sites melading Pripj area the Beat and the Thariat in the desert of southern Iraq - Muthanna province , In order to study the effect of topography on the site to genesis and formation of some the fedhat soils in those areas. Has been conducting a survey of soil semi - detailed (Semi - detailed soil survey warle was conduct using Free lance method wording to fied variation in traits visible on the ground, especially topographical and Texture and color of the soil and the plant natural and other attributes, revealed the pedons described the morphology and gotting soil samples Disturbed from every horizon for objective conducting the analysis of physical, chemical and mineral, and soil samples is Undisturbed of some horizons to study the details Micromorphological .Morphological properties : The results of morphological description to the existence of a state of variation in some morphological description between Pedons study as a result effect of the site topography , the parent material and the climate mainly influence as well as effect of some the locations factors, which is reflect on the morphological description large , in the introduction type and thickness of the horizons and the nature of the arrangement and concomitant distinctive qualities of each horizon . Has been shown shown that the soils formed in middle the fedhat within the second track more deeply and with a darker color than in the Pedons second track, because of presence the lime of high amounts compared by soil second track , Also the soil stricture was between subangular blocky to angular blocky as presence of stricture platy in the lower horizons in Pedons the second track compared with pedons to the first track . As it turns out that the pursue horizons in Pedons first track is A - Ck - Cky1 - Cky2 As Pedons the second track has been pursue horizons is A - Bk - Btk1 - Btk2 . Physical propertiesThe results revealed increase of total clay content in subsurface horizons to the level with perform Argillic formation conditions in pedons the second track , Total clay content increase in illuvial horizons as compared with eluvial horizons, This has not seen in Pedons the first track .Chemical properties : The results showed that there is a rise in the content of calcium carbonate in the soils first track (400 - 490) gm kgm - 1 while these values fell in Pedons Track (110 - 430) gm.kgm - 1 As a result of the activity of reverse calcification process and the formation of the horizon Calcic if was observed style distribution values of calcium carbonate in the horizons under the surface compared with the upper horizons. The results showed that the oxides difficult Movement (Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO4) has increased in soils the fedhat at the expense of basic elements easy movement (MgO and CaO ) while was the distribution different for soils the first track upland This refers to the case of high weathering of soils the fedhat to provide a appropriate activity conditions this process and this was reflected in the molecule's ratio were calculated for these soils . The mineralogical Formation of soils study : Results mineral studies have shown the rule of metal quartz , Calcite and Dolomite in soils the first track and a decrease in soils second track was so different from the clay minerals and Montmurilonit Kaolenit and Illite which increased in the second track soils ( The soils fedhat). This refers to the activity of weathering processes and processes in soils the pedugenesis in soils the second track compared to the first track.Micromorphological features : The results of Micro - morphological description to the presence of variation in the degree of development of Pedons second track, through the presence of some aspects the Micro - morphological including Orga - argillans Argillans , Orga - argillans , Ferri - argillans and Calcians which emphasizes the movement of soil components from top to bottom as a result of the activity of some soil formation processes. Genesis, Development and Classification of studied soil : The results of the study to a discrepancy in the degree of development between Pedons first track and the second and this reflects the discrepancy in the site topography and its impact on the water received by soils the fedhat compared to the high areas amounts in addition to the effect of vegetation, as well as the pedogenic operations activity and geomorphological on the genetic side of the soils of the study.The results of morphological, physical and chemical description and the micromorphology have confirmed that the soils study was developed in Pedons second track through the state variation in the type and thickness of diagnostic horizons where, and not to the evolution of soils first track as not noticed the presence of any diagnostic horizons in Pedons contrast Pedons second track and where all of the horizon diagnostic observed subsurface Argillic horizon Calcic in all Pedons soils the fedhat these results confirm the role of environmental factors and in situ, which plays a role in the revitalization of the pedogenic processes that helped the formation and evolution of these Horizons including loss operations and earnings as well as desalinization and remove tartar and sintering processes .Pedons ranked first track of all the rank and Entisols to rank under Psamments also diagnosed great group Torripasmment and sub Great group Typic Torripasmments. The second track Pedons all have been classified under the rank Aridisols and under Argids rank then diagnosed Great Group Calciargids and sub Great Group Vertic Calciargid

تقييم مشروع الرميثة الاروائي : دراسة في جغرافية الموارد المائية == Evaluation of Al - Rumaitha irrigation project Study in water resources geography

Author name: صبيحة حمد عودة
Supervisor name: سفير جاسم حسين
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: As the study area occupies an important position in terms of agriculture ,this study aims to uncover the reality of the Al - Rumaitha irrigation project and to show the natural and human geographical characteristics of the study area , also highlights the most important problems facing the project .It defines the project's conformity with hydrological standards, evaluating the efficiency of the project and achieve its goals. To achieve this, the researcher followed the systematic approach in accordance with the analytical approach, quantitative method, explanation and linking descriptive method among the influencing factors.The study has identified the most important geographical characteristics of the study area, both natural and human, related to hydrological reality and the impact of these characteristics in the reality of the project , Then the study has presented the geographical spread of the project and structure of the irrigation and drainage system , it has also highlighted the hydrological reality of the project, of the characteristics of annual and monthly discharge characterized by instability and fluctuation , which does not fill the deficit in the water budget climate for the study area , after that it has evaluated the efficiency of the project quality and optimal use of water resources through the qualitative analysis of available water, comparing these indicators to standards Estimate the amount of water needed to produce irrigated crops, determine the actual needs of the irrigation needs of the net and kidney of the project , and compare it with the reality of the irrigation area and the extent of the project's fulfillment of the irrigation requirements of crops planted within the project land.In a study of the sustainability trend in the in the Al - Rumaitha project, the most important natural and human obstacles have identified which prevent the desired sustainability process of the current and future performance of the project, and the proposal to formulate an efficient mechanism to address these obstacles and reduce the waste in the quantity of inward and increase the efficiency of use to achieve optimal utilization of water resources to preserve The rights of future generations on both sides of food security and water security

تحليل جغرافي لمعوقات التنمية الزراعية في محافظة المثنى == A Geographic Analysis of the obstacles to agricultural Development in Al - Muthanna province

Author name: رباب حسن كاظم الجياشي
Supervisor name: نجاح عبد جابر الجبوري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: تعد التنمية الزراعية واحدة من اهم انواع التنمية التي تسعى دول العالم الى تحقيقها الا انها لم تحقق في منطقة الدراسة بسبب بعض المعوقات التي ساهمت في عدم تحقيق التنمية الزراعية منها ضعف الامكانات المالية والارشادية والتقنية للمزارعين وتدهور خصوبة الارض الزراعية وقلة مياه الري على الرغم مما تمتلكه المحافظة من بعض المقومات مما جعلت الامر باعثا على دراستها واعتمادا على النتائج المستخلصة من هذه الدراسة يمكن تحديد المسار الانسب في التخطيط للتنمية الزراعية التي تمثل جانبا اساسيا ومهما من خطط التنمية الاقتصادية . وقد تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة الرئيسة بـ (ما معوقات التنمية الزراعية الطبيعية والبشرية والحياتية في منطقة الدراسة ؟ ) ، اما الفرضية الرئيسة تمثلت بوجود مجموعة من المعوقات الطبيعية والبشرية والحياتية التي حالت دون تحقيق اهداف التنمية الزراعية ، لذا تهدف الدراسة الى البحث عن معوقات التنمية الزراعية وتوضيح اسبابها وتاثيراتها في المحافظة وكيفية وضع الحلول المناسبة للتخلص منها وتحقيق الاهداف ، واعتمدت الدراسة على عدد المناهج الجغرافية من اجل تحقيق اهداف البحث منها المنهج الوصفي والمنهج التحليلي والمنهج الاقليمي والمنهج الاحصائي ، فضلا عن الاعتماد على المصادر المكتبية والدراسة الميدانية المتمثلة باستمارة الاستبيان والمقابلات الشخصية ، وفي ضوء ذلك تكونت الدراسة من مقدمة واربعة فصول تناول الفصل الاول مقومات التنمية الزراعية التي تمثلت بالمقومات الطبيعية التي تناولت السطح والمناخ والتربة والموارد المائية ، فضلا عن دراسة المقومات البشرية التي تطرقت الى حجم الايدي العاملة الزراعية والحيازات الزراعية وطرائق الري واساليبه ونظام الصرف والسياسة الزراعية بكل انواعها وطرق النقل والمكننة الزراعية لما لها من دور واضح في التنمية الزراعية . اما الفصل الثاني تناول دراسة واقع النشاط الزراعي للمدة (2007 - 2016) الذي تمثل بدراسة محاصيل الحبوب والمحاصيل الصناعية ومحاصيل الخضر والعلف ومحاصيل البستنة ، في حين تناول الفصل الثالث معوقات التنمية الزراعية التي تضمنت المعوقات الطبيعية المتمثلة ( بالعجز المائي ، تملح الترب ، التطرف الحراري ، زحف الكثبان الرملية, العواصف الغبارية) والمعوقات البشرية التي تناولت دراسة ( نقص الايدي العاملة الزراعية ، العزوف عن العمل الزراعي ، وضعف الخبرات الزراعية لدى المزارعين، معوقات السياسة الزراعية بانواعها ، معوقات استغلال الاراضي الزراعية والمعوقات التقنية ) فضلا عن التطرق للمعوقات الحياتية التي تناولت دراسة الافات والامراض الزراعية التي تمثلت بالحشرات والامراض والادغال ، في حين يبحث الفصل الرابع حول وضع استراتيجيات خاصة بالتنمية الزراعية في المحافظة بما يتلاءم مع طبيعة منطقة الدراسة . في حين توصلت الدراسة الى مجموعة من الحقائق كانت ابرزها ان محافظة المثنى تعاني من تدهور القطاع الزراعي وتراجع انتاجه سنويا ، واظهرت ان منطقة الدراسة تمتلك بعض الامكانات التي يمكن ان تكون احد الحلول التي يمكن استثمارها في الزراعة الا انها تحتاج الى التخطيط الصحيح بهدف استثمارها كبعض الاراضي الصالحة للزراعة والمياه الجوفية المتوفرة في الهضبة الغربية ، اما اهم التوصيات التي توصلت اليها الدراسة كانت اهمها السعي لترشيد استعمال المياه وفقا لحاجة كل محصول واستصلاح الاراضي المتدهورة بهدف زيادة المساحة المزروعة واخيرا اختتمت الدراسة بقائمة من المصادر والمراجع وقائمة بالملاحق . | Agricultural development is one of the most important types of development that the countries of the world seek to achieve, which nevertheless failed to succeed in the studied district. This is due to some of the negative aspects that contributed to the emergence of obstacles to agricultural development, including weak financial and technical capabilities, insufficient guidance, the degradation of agricultural land fertility, and the lack of irrigation water. All of these are present despite the fact that the province does have some of the available constituents, which resulted into this research. By relying on the results of the study, it is possible to determine the most appropriate path in planning agricultural development that represents the fundamental aspects of economic development plans.The main problem of the study lies in the development of the natural agricultural, human, and life constraints in the studied area. As to the main hypothesis, it was represented in a group of natural and human obstacles as well as the constraints of life, which prevented the achievement of agricultural development goals. Therefore, the study aims at searching the obstacles to the agricultural development, to clarify its causes and effects in the province, as well as to explain how to input the appropriate solutions to get rid of them. In order to achieve this goal, the study relied on a number of geographic approaches in order to accomplish the research objectives, of which include the descriptive, analytic, and the crop approach. In addition, the study also relied on library resources, and a field study through questionnaires and interviews. In light of this, the research consists of an introduction and four chapters. The first chapter deals with the elements of agricultural development that contains the components of agricultural development which covered the surface, climate, soil, and water resources. Moreover, it also studies the human constraints that touched on the size of agricultural labor and holdings, the irrigation and drainage methods, the agricultural policy of all kinds, and the agricultural transport and mechanization due to their clear roles in agricultural development. As to the second chapter, it deals with the reality of agricultural activity for the period between (2007 - 2016) which is the study of industrial, grain, vegetable, fodder, and horticultural crops. The third chapter, on the other hand, handles the geographical constraints for agricultural developments that is represented in the natural obstacles as seen in (water shortage, soil salinization, thermal extremes and sand dune encroachment), and human constraints that deal with (shortage of agricultural labor, the abandonment of agricultural work, poor agricultural expertise of farmers, the obstacles of policy of all kinds, as well as the obstacles to the utilization of agricultural land and technical obstacles) as well as the constraints of life that deal with the study of agricultural pests, which include the insects, diseases and the bushes. Chapter four discusses the development of a strategy for agricultural development in the province in accordance with the nature of the studied area.The study reaches a set of facts, most notably that the province of al - Muthanna suffers from deterioration in the agricultural sector and decline in its annual production. Through this research it has also become clear that the studied area does have some potential, and thus could be one of the solutions that can be invested in agriculture. Still, this needs to be properly planned with the aim to invest in it, such as some arable land and groundwater available in the desert of Samawah. Of the most important recommendations of the study is to strive to rationalize the use of water according to the needs of each crop, and to reclaim the degraded lands in order to increase the cultivated area. Finally, the study concludes with a list of sources and references and a list of annexes

التحليل المكاني للخدمات الترفيهية في مدينة السماوة == The Spatial Analysis for the Entertainment Services in Samawa City

Author name: هالة هادي صالح الظالمي
Supervisor name: ماهر ناصر عبد الله
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The present study aims at identifying the reality of spatial analysis of entertainment services in Samawa city depending on the local standards to assess the needs of the population for these services.The study has been conducted through depending largely on the field study and field survey, and it included the related institutions with these services. In addition, the researcher has adopted statistical means like standard deviation and the analysis of neighborhood link by using (ARC GIS 10.4.1) to identify the changes in the size of the population according to the growth rates and to determine the types of entertainment services as well as the extent of efficiency of the given services in accordance with the used standards.The present study has included four chapters : the first chapter deals with the importance of entertainment services, their types , and the stages of basic planning of Samawa city. The second chapter studies some natural and demographic characteristics and their effect on the reality of services. The third chapter is concerned with the study of spatial distribution of the entertainment services in Samawa city, while the fourth chapter focuses on the efficiency of the entertainment services in the city depending on the local standards and some indicators. The thesis has ended with identifying the current needs of the city for the entertainment services as well as the future needs up to 2025.The study has concluded that the entertainment services has low efficiency due to the lack of large types of entertainment services in terms of their numbers , areas, and distribution. There has been clear shortage in the amount of the provided services as they were concentrated in some locals and not in others in a way that is not suitable to the size of the population in the city. With this respect, the needs of the city for the entertainment services are identified, in addition to the estimation of the future needs until 2025.

التحليل الجغرافي السياسي لمؤشرات قياس الدولة الهشة : دراسة تطبيقية على العراق == The Geographical - Political Analysis of Fragile State Indicators (An Applied Study on Iraq

Author name: مروة سامي جودة
Supervisor name: عدنان كاظم جبار الشیباني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The study of state is of great importance for the geographical - political studies since it represents a political and social entity. Its existence requires the availability of its basic pillars ( the people, the region, and the authority). It is responsible for carrying out its functions, which represent the main, sole and justified purpose of its existence. In addition, the quality of its performance for its internal and external functions is the measure of its efficiency and sustainability. The states that are subject to setbacks and obstacles in the performance of their functions are described by several terms, the most important of which is the term "fragile state". Such term has a semantic power in describing the efficiency of the state in providing the needs of its population as well as to meet their aspirations. Thus, their sustainability as a country or the possibility of its collapse depends on these aspects, which entails considerable risks at the local and international levels, which is widely used to describe (weak state, vulnerable state, failed state, failing state, collapsed state, instable state, state of crisis and recovering etc.). From such terms, a delineation of indicators to measure the fragility of the state was done, especially after the emergence of two triggers : the declaration of Millennium Development Goals and the events of September 11, 2001. As a result, several indicators emerged, including progress in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) of the World Bank, the Fragile State Index ( FSI) of Fund For Peace, as well as the Organization for Economic Co - operation and Development (OECD). These indicators were used for two purposes : assisting States, reducing the negative effects of crises, and/or defaming those countries in order to justify hostile policies towards them by the major powers. In accordance with such importance, the researcher has chosen (the geographical - political analysis of fragile state indicators, an applied study on Iraq) as a tittle of her thesis. She adopted the functional approach of Hartshorn which clarified the internal and external functions of the state, the forces of attraction and the forces of expulsion and their role in the cohesion of the state and its unity or disintegration. In addition, she also adopted the historical and power analysis approaches. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher has divided the study into introduction, five chapters, and some conclusions. The first chapter is concerned with the notional frameworks of state and fragile states. Chapter two deals with the geographical characteristics of Iraq and its political system.Chapter three is devoted to show the indicators of fragile state and its application on Iraq. Chapter four focuses on the reasons that prevented the stability and development in Iraq. Chapter five includes the geographicalpolitical solutions to rescue Iraq from fragility. The study has concluded some conclusions : the State of Iraq suffers from fragility in its entity, which has limited its stability and development since its establishment in 1921 to 2015.Moreover, the reason behind the fragility of the state and the failure of its performance in its internal and external functions laid in a number of political, security, economic and social factors, in addition to the Anglo - American occupation of Iraq. These factors combined effectively contributed to a situation of fragility, which requires the development of a range of solutions at the internal and external levels to save the state in Iraq from the fragility and to enable it to regain its leading role regionally and internationally.

جيومورفولوجية حوض وادي ابو شنين غرب بحيرة ساوة واستثماراته الاقتصادية == Geomorphology of Wadi Abu jlod (Abu Shounen) West Lake Sawa economic and investment

Author name: فاطمة يونس راضي
Supervisor name: سرحان نعيم طشطوش حسين الخفاجي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

جيومورفولوجية حوض وادي الضباع غرب ناحية بصية واستثماراته - باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) == Geomorphology of Al - Dhiba'a Valley Basin West of Basiya and its investments - Using GIS

Author name: اسامة فالح عبد الحسن المكتوب
Supervisor name: سرحان نعيم طشطوش حسين الخفاجي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The basin of Wadi Al - Dhiba'a is located within the area of ( stable pavement) within the scope of (Al - Salman and Bsei'a ). The area of the study was a subject to the formative movements that resulted with many fractures, which in turn have participated in several ground and terrain variations in the basin of Wadi Al - Dhiba'a and decided some of the tracks of the streams of water in the basin . The basin of Wadi Al - Dhiba'a has two styles of water flow : the first style is known as (Tree style) and the second is known as ( parallel style). Throughout the study, it has been concluded that the area is promising with economic investments as some of its areas is suitable for agriculture and grazing since it has much of groundwater in addition to the water on the ground if the rain fell. The area of the study also is considered as an ideal area to make a nature reserve and it is an area in which there are many types of raw materials that could be used in several industries.The most important recommendations of the present study are : to encourage the public body of groundwater in Al - Muthanna governorate to drill many wells to meet the actual needs of the area of the study, making a hydrological station, building some dams in certain positions , investing the agricultural and grazing lands in a planned way, composing a net of transmitting tracks to get advantage of the natural resources especially the raw materials, and to encourage the tourist sect in this area.

واقع الاستثمار الصناعي واتجاهاته المكانية في محافظة المثنى : دراسة في جغرافية الصناعة == The Reality of the Industrial Investment and its Spatial Trends in Al - Muthanna Governorate (Study in the Industrial Geography

Author name: امنة رزاق عبيد الزيادي
Supervisor name: رحمن رباط حسين الايدامي | عدنان كاظم جبار الشيباني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Due to the great importance of industrial investment as it represents the tool that works to collect different factors of production and then find industries that contribute to satisfying the needs of different human by converting raw materials to more useful and longer life products.This study highlights the geographical capabilities of Al - Muthanna Governorate and investigates its role in finding various industrial investments. The area under study has many natural geographical capabilities such as the location near the governorates of the Euphrates and the south of the country. In addition, it has a large area (51740 km 2) which distributed in (4) districts (Al - Samawah, Al - Rumaitha, Al - Khidr and Al - Salman). The human capabilities such as the large population which reached (806368) people for the year 2016 and it grows continually, in addition to the availability of large and varied economic capabilities which were a clear reflection of the natural and human capabilities (variable raw materials , labor, markets and transport routes etc.). The industrial investment in the governorate of Al - Muthanna several problems related with some raw materials, labor , fuel, energy and production etc.The study has followed the regional approach i.e. the study of the governorate as a unit in its own regardless the surrounding areas, and the inductive method through which field studies were conducted, statistical method (weighted weights)was also used to determine the spatial trends of industrial investment in Al - Muthanna Governorate, depending on twelve variables. Based on the above, the study has reached a number of conclusions : foremost of which was that Al - Muthanna Governorate has primary resources and human capacities to enable it to carry out various industrial investments which enable it to establish an industrial base that will be the basis for what follows. The study also showed the results of analyzing the relationship between the geographical capabilities of industrial investment and the suggested Spatial trends : 1 - Al - Samawah City came first, after collecting (49.4%) of the differential degrees. This indicates the availability of good capabilities of raw materials and infrastructure to establish and invest these industries.2 - Al - Rumaitha City came in the second place with 24.8%. It was ranked first with raw materials and plant waste, and the second in the infrastructure that helps it to do many of these industries.3 - Al - Khidr was in the third rank of the total available resources (15.8%) of the differentiation degrees, and therefore can be used in industrial investment.4 - Al - Salman city came in fourth place with (10%) of the total capabilities for manufacturing branches in the Governorate of Al - Muthanna.BA set of recommendations in accordance with the subject of the study : 1 - After the collection of the city of Samawah (49.4%) of the differentiation degrees, we recommend the establishment of food, textile and metal industries.2 - Al - Rumaitha city has collected (24.8%) of the total available resources in Al - Muthanna Governorate, so we propose the establishment of wood industries, paper and printing industry and non - classified industries.3 - Al - Khidr City has Collected (15.8%) of the geographical available capabilities, so we propose the establishment of textile and food industries.4 - Establishment of chemical and construction industries in the City of Al - Salman, for obtaining the first place of mineral resources, which is the raw material for these industries.

مانع سعيد العتيبة ودوره الاقتصادي ونشاطه الفكري في دولة الامارات 1946 - 1990

Author name: مالك لفتة مردي المعالي
Supervisor name: حسين كامل جابر الشاهر
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

السياسة النفطية لحكومة عبد الكريم قاسم 1958 - 1963م : دراسة تاريخية == The Oil Policy of the Government of Abdul Kareem Qasim 1958 - 1963 Historical Study

Author name: حسين علي محمد المرشدي
Supervisor name: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: On final touches, it is invaluable to review the basic scientific subjects together with the essential results throughout the study .The study is entitled “ The Oil Policy of the Government of Abdul Kareem Qasim 1958 - 1963, Historical Study”. The study is to consider the subject of oil and its privileged procedures after the revolution of 14th July .From the beginning, oil privilege was the main concern for most of Iraqi people. These privileges imposed form of exploitation and injustice due to illegal considerations. As a matter of fact, incommensurable contracts that led to forfeit the right national advantages. Accordingly, clear manifestations were rather indicated to exploit Iraqi fortune of oil. As a result, the 14th of July revolution had targeted to face such policy and to persist the acquired national rights.The study is divided into prelude and four chapters. The prelude deals with the initial consideration towards Iraqi oil and what European competitions have decided after the 1st World war .Chapter one comes to consider all the oil agreement that established between Iraqi governments and foreign oil companies to investigate forms of exploitation against the Iraqi nation. Such agreements can be identified by the agreement of 1925 which was modified in 1931, the agreement of Mousl Oil Company in 1932, the agreement of Basra Oil Company in 1938 and the agreement of privilege modification in 1952.Chapter two is concerned with the economical and oil intentions of the revolution government showing its achievement to abolish feudatory, disavow the Sterling Group, repossess regional water from Basra Oil Company, retract the privilege of Khanakeen Oil Company to establish the ministry of Oil and finally to consider the Iraqi role to establish OPEC in 1960 . On its part, chapter three has dealt with the oil negotiations which took place between the revolution government and other oil companies showing the main issues of discrepancy .Chapter four has touched on the oil legislation created by the revolution government and to determine the public opinion. Subjects such as law of identifying the locations of investment for oil companies as well as for the National Oil Company is of main concern .Throughout the chapters, the research has concluded the following results :  To achieve its interest, Britain exploited the political situations that dominated all over Iraq next to the 1st World War . The Iraqi part was incapable to deal with the foreign companies supported by their governments . The first oil declaration, which was addressed by Abdul Kareem Qasim the prime minister, had a great influence to ensure the interest of the concerned major countries and moreover to recognize the new Iraqi government together with nonintervention. It is worth to mention that before the 14th of July revolution, oil production in Iraq was dominated by the oil companies which had decided the final decision . The negotiations between the revolution government and other oil companies lasted for three years when 28 meetings were held. The result of these negotiations came to light in April 1961. In return for, the revolution government established a committee to investigate the effective procedures . The oil legislation issued by the revolution government was an inevitable result due to the obstinate attitude on the part of the foreign companies . The initial step of oil industry in Iraq started with the oil laws which were issued by the revolution government to enable Iraq of the national oil fortune . Oil policy of the revolution government together with legislation had contributed to establish foreign coalitions to work against and to overthrow the government in retaliation for losing advantages .

منظمة المؤتمر الاسلامي وموقفها من قضيتي كوسوفو والبوسنة والهرسك 1989 - 1999 == The Organization of Islamic Conference and its Attitude towards the Issues of Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina (1989 - 1999)

Author name: نورس غصاب عبود المعالي
Supervisor name: غانم نجيب عباس
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The Organization of the Islamic Conference is considered as one of the most important international organizations .It is the second largest international organization after the United Nations. The establishment of the Organization of Islamic Conference came after several initiatives and invitations by Muslim leaders and scholars in response to the fragmentation and division of the Islamic countries. The Organization of the Islamic Conference is based on the belonging to the Islamic religion and not on a geographical, political or economic basis, like other organizations. It aims at achieving unity and religious solidarity among Muslim countries. Its membership includes most of the Islamic or Muslim - majority countries as it includes in its membership fifty - seven countries representing one third of the members of the United Nations. It is important to shed light on it and its attitudes which are considered as important in the international forums. In order to know and understand this organization, it is necessary to study its origins, objectives, principles and development, and to study how it dealt with the Islamic issues that emerged on the international scene. Therefore, the researcher has chosen it as a subject matter for this thesis under the title 'The Organization of Islamic Conference and its attitude towards the issues of Kosovo and Bosnia - Herzegovina 1989 - 1999'.The reason behind choosing the issues of Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina is that they were major crises and wars that the world witnessed after World War II. In addition, The Kosovo and Bosnia - Herzegovina crisis took place for a number of reasons, foremost of which were ethnic and religious conflicts as Islamic represents the religion of the majority in Kosovo and the highest percentage of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Both the region and the republic sought independence just like the rest of the republics of the Yugoslav Union that got independence after the collapse of the Union. Both Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina were subjected to ethnic cleansing and abuses that affected Muslims in the region and the Republic because of their desire for independence and here comes the importance of the study in that it carries many religious, political dimensions and other needs to study and research. Thus, the researcher has chosen these two issues to study and identify the attitude of the Organization of Islamic Conference towards them.Concerning the designation of 1989 as the beginning of the study, as it is the year in which the Kosovo Albanians lost their autonomy since the 1974 Constitution by the Republic of Serbia ,and 1999 as the end of the study as it is the year in which all international endeavors and initiatives to end the Kosovo war have ended. Regarding Bosnia and Herzegovina, its events took place within that period, i.e. from 1992, the date of the outbreak of the war, to the date of the implementation of the Dayton Agreement.In the light of this, the thesis was divided into an introduction, a preface, three chapters and some conclusions that included the most important results of the study. TheBpreface deals with Islamic Solidarity and Islamic Conferences that preceded the formation of the Organization of the Islamic Conference and the reasons that led to the establishment of the Organization. The first chapter examines the Organization of the Islamic Conference , its structure and its relations with the other organizations. The first chapter includes four sections : the first section focuses on the establishment of the organization, the second section deals with its organizational structure, while the third section investigates the relationships of the organization with the other international organizations, and the fourth section previews the attitudes of the Organization towards some Islamic issues.Chapter two is devoted to the attitude of the Organization towards the issue of Kosovo from 1989 to 1999. This chapter is divided into three sections : The first section includes a general study on the Republic of Yugoslavia and the region of Kosovo, the second section deals with the attitude of the Organization towards the crystallization of the Kosovo crisis of 1989 - 1998, while the third section focuses on its attitude towards Kosovo war of 1998 - 1999.The third chapter deals with the attitude of the Organization of the Islamic Conference towards the issue of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1996. This chapter is divided into three sections : the first section deals with the historical roots of the issue of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the second section focuses on the attitude of the Organization towards the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1993, and the third section is concerned with the attitude of the Organization towards the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Dayton Agreement from 1994 - 1996.In spite of the researcher's reliance on various sources of Arabic and foreign documents and books as well as academic studies, the researcher encountered difficulties in obtaining foreign documents, especially the Yugoslav documents from their sources, as well as the lack of our libraries to the primary sources of these events, as well as the lack of sources specifically (documents) that are related to the attitude of the Organization towards the Kosovo issue, as it is a contemporary historical issue.The most important conclusions reached in this study is the success of the Islamic countries through coordination and cooperation among themselves to put forward the idea of Islamic solidarity in the field of reality. The Organization of the Islamic Conference was established at the international level as a regional organization dealing with Islamic countries in order to meet the challenges facing the Islamic countries . After several years, the Organization was able to present itself as an Islamic unit, lead the Islamic countries, and respond to the issues facing the Islamic nation, including the Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina issues. Through its conferences and decisions, the organization sought to support the issue of Kosovo Muslims and provided diplomatic and political support for the Kosovo issue as well as the financial support that is represented by aids provided by the Organization and its member states to the Muslim people in Kosovo. TheCOrganization paid much attention to the issue as it included it in its agenda and formed a special team to follow developments in the region. The attitude of the Organization towards the issue of Bosnia and Herzegovina was stronger than the one towards Kosovo as the later was a region related to the republic of Serbia and this is an internal issue. On the other hand, Bosnia and Herzegovina was one of the republics of Yugoslavia.In Bosnia and Herzegovina, several internal and external factors caused the situation to be deteriorated and caused the outbreak of war. The religious factor was one of the most important reasons. Bosnia included the Muslims who constituted the largest proportion of the country. Thus, this issue was included in the agenda of the Organization , and its members made individual and collective efforts to end the crisis, and those efforts proved their response to these events and resulted in good results. The Organization succeeded in presenting the issue to various international forums. A special commission for Bosnia and Herzegovina was formed, known as the Contact Group, which made great efforts to serve this issue both within and outside the United Nations

فاروق صالح العمرسيرته ونشاطه الوظيفي ودوره السياسي ومنهجه في التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر حتى عام 2018 == Farooq Salih Al - Omer and his Method in Writing History

Author name: محمد ساجت محول الظالمي
Supervisor name: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Recently, the academic personals in the field of history have got the interest of the Iraqi universities as they had great effect in revealing several historical facts. They have prominent role in shaping the track of history writing in Iraq. Dr. Farooq Salih Al - Omar is considered as a one of those who presented many participations to the contemporary school of history in Iraq through his scientific carrier that lasted for about sixty years.The present study has included an introduction, four chapters, and conclusions . Chapter One is concerned with the social life of Farooq Salih Al - Omar and his scientific and carrier background. It includes a glance of his social life and the nature of his study from the primary stage going through completing his Ph.D. in Egypt ,and his carrier in the Ministry of Knowledge in 1959 to the time of the present study.Chapter Two, on the other hand, is devoted to study the political activity of Farooq Salih Al - Omar in which the researcher explores what happened to Al - Omar during changing the ruling system from Kingdom to Republic in 1958 which has affected his political ideas and got him to join Al - Ba'ath Arabian Communist party in 1959.Chapter Three deals with his administrative participations and his scientific and educational efforts. It explores his contribution in establishing Al - Basrah Documents center in 1990 in the Universityof Basrah and establishing the college of Historical studies in the University of Basrah in 2000, and investigates his relationships with the chancellors of the University of Basrah since moving his services to it in 1969 until his retirement in 2009. In addition, it notify his scientific and educational efforts and his method of teaching and supervising.Chapter Four investigates the method of Farooq Salih Al - Omar in the writing of history which is based on the analytical study. It views five of his publications as living samples to know his method in writing history. In addition, three of his published books in the scientific periodicals were analyzed. The study also has included some appendixes which document the life of Al - Omar.Throughout the study, the researcher has concluded several things about Al - Omar, most importantly the following : 1. He is descended from a family which was known by its social and scientific position.2. The environment that he grew in has affected his cultural and political ideas.3. His study in the Teachers institute is considered as his real turning point in his scientific, cultural, political, and ideological life 4. Changing the ruling system in Iraq from kingdom into republic in 1958 has participated in his joining to Al - Ba'ath Arabian party in 1959.5. His writing method has been characterized as being simple ,smooth , and strong. It was empty of complex words. His method was scientific and accurate, and his ordering of the events was logical. Finally, his analysis was scientific and he refused the explanations that are based on self - measurements

دور العائلات الفارسية السياسي والفكري في الدولة المغولية في الهند 1526 - 1859 م == The Political and Intellectual Roles of Persian Families in the Mughal Empire into India (1526 - 1859)

Author name: سكينة بجاي محسن
Supervisor name: اسعد حميد ابو شنة
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

حميد احمد حمدان التميمي سيرته واسهاماته العلمية == Hamid Ahmed Hamdan Al Tamimi His biography and scientific contributions

Author name: كرار حسين كاظم الفتلاوي
Supervisor name: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: After studying the biography of Professor Hamid Ahmed Hamdan Tamimi and his scientific achievements through the four chapters of the letter, there are important conclusions reached by the study is as follows : - The facts presented in this study allow us to say that the environment in which Dr. Humaid Ahmad Hamdan al - Tamimi came out has a great impact on his intellectual and scientific orientations, especially his family, his professors and his surroundings, like the second generation of Iraqi historians who still had their clear impressions in the field of historical studies . Al - Tamimi, like other Iraqi academics, did not rely heavily on the former Baathist governments, which kept him away from the classroom and in training. Not only did he open his doors to others who were close to her, And his broad knowledge that he possesses the qualifications and expertise distinguished by others. Dr. Hamid Ahmed Hamdan Al - Tamimi is based on a broad base of accumulated knowledge of historical events as well as comprehensive knowledge of the basic aspects of Iraq's modern and contemporary history, the history of the Arab world and the modern and contemporary Arabian Gulf, . The scientific methodology of Tamimi seeks to reshape the historical event as it was signed with the utmost precision and clarity committed to the scientific secretariat is high, and so is interested in all the particles and details to the comprehensive view of the historical treatment, the topics and studies are overflowing with a lot of historical scientific information, based on the abundance of knowledge and diversity The multiple interpretations of the historical event document what he went through the basic and primary sources of each and every aspect of historical research. Dr. Hamid Ahmed Hamdan is a living example of scientific persistence and intellectual giving. He is one of the few who gave birth to the University of Basrah, and from the first generation, which is rarely repeated in terms of the richness ofhis knowledge and his flowing contribution, which has been harvested for many years in research, studies, readings, writings and scientific participations. At the level of the interior and abroad, and supervision of the letters and scientific messages and the adoption of administrative and scientific positions - Professor Hamid Ahmed Hamdan Tamimi, through this study looked a brilliant man in his specialty and a historian of glory in his books Rsina in his proposals, loyal to his country to the point where the promotion of non - specialized work in the Ministry of Transport and Communication to the level of idealism.

جعفر شريف امامي ودوره السياسي في ايران حتى عام 1978 == Jafar Sharif Emami And political role in Iran until 1978

Author name: حازم كاظم طاهر الزيادي
Supervisor name: نعيم جاسم محمد
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The Jaafar Sharif Emami of the most personalities importance in the contemporary history of Iran, it is nearby Personal far from the Shah, an independent figure and did not enter into political parties until forced by the Shah after 1975 to join the RstakhizParty (Renaissance), and was among those who assisted them shah resolve crises Interior, moreover, it is characterized by a strong personality external relations internationally accepted, and he held a number of important political positions in the country, such as prime minister twice (1960 - 1961) and the (Government of national reconciliation in 1978) and chairman of the Senate for a period of fifteen years (1963 - 1978), as well as other political positions held which are numerous and many, have been reviewed in detail in the chapters of the message.Hence the choice of subject (Jafar Sharif Emami and political role in Iran until 1978), which had a clear role in the contemporaryhistory of Iran, on the grounds that most of the previous studies onits role in the development of the internal events for Iran did notlook at his early life or dealt with his role in the events, as well as all this, the choice of topic was expressing a small seed, planted inthe Finder thinking when he was in the preparatory year at the master's stage, has germinated and the flourishing of the chosensubject of study, thanks to the support and encouragement of my teacher, Dr.Naeem Jassim Mohammed The letter included an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion the most important conclusions reached by the researcher, the first chapter dealt with the life of Jafar Sharif Emami his birth and upbringing social and biography, as well as his wealth obtained through his political career, and instruction and intellectual upbringing, as well as his role in the emergence of Masonic thought in Iran, as well as career include it political coin early until 1960, beginning his service manager for the Department of irrigation in the reign of Ahmed strength of the Sultanate in 1947, and he assumed the post of Minister of ways in the government of Ali packages Lara (1950 - 1951), and Minister of industry and minerals in the government of Dr. Manouchehr Iqbal ( 1957 - 1960).

باقر شريف القرشي سيرته واثاره الفكرية (1927ــ2012) : دراسة تاريخـية == Biography of Bakker Sharref Al - Querishi And His Intellectual Contributions

Author name: عزيز غالي حسين حمدان العامري
Supervisor name: عبد الاله بدر علي الاسدي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The present study is entitled the Biography of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi and his intellectual contribution (1925 - 2012).we should refer that there have been a disagreement among researchers about the date of his birth which is considered the starting point of this study where the researcher have found that several reliable sources which mentioned that his birth was in (1925) , but after laborious examination , eventually prove undoubtedly evidence that it was in (1927) which occurred after televised meeting with him. Therefore , the study starts from the year (1927). The most important reason for our choice of this subject is that there is no previous sufficient academic study which dealt and disclosed the remarkable life for such great personage .Hence , the nature of the study required a scheme involves introduction, four Chapter and conclusions .The first chapter entitled the birth , upbringing and formation of his social character which consist of three inquiries. The first inquiry about : the life of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi (his name , lineage (family),born and bred ,his preliminary education ,his marriage and family ,and features of his personality ).while the second inquiry is about : his intellectual tributaries(social climate ,the press, and the genetic aspect), the third inquiry about Bakker s social and scientific status and death . the second chapter entitled acquisition of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi , the first entitled the religious Education of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi , while the second inquiry about : his students ,their impression ,what has been written and said about him , the writers who affected him ,the motivation to write ,the last one is the third inquiry about the politics of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi and his attitude towards the politics events.Chapter three studies the intellectual and scientific production of the Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi which ,in turn ,has been distributed into two inquiries, the first is entitled : his printed books and the second entitled : the study of the contribution of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi and his writing methodology ,which involving two inquiries,the first about study of the contribution of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi From this presentation of the contents of research which apparently Demonstrates that the knowledgeable formation and religious environment Where the scholar lived in between the lap of traditional legacy adhered to the sound foundation of Islamic doctrine and between intellectual environment which had been secreted by the nature of scientific environment where he had grown up and nurtured in which had a clear impact in preparing his intellectual tributaries and opening up his knowledgeable channels which highly had helped in forging his scientific character . As a result of blending and interaction on his vision and opened up new horizons which,in turn ,allowed to introduce the analogical studies within his research ,and adopted a new methodology in dealing with knowledge in field of historical erudition in topics not oblivious for requirements of a historical and scientific approach, as well as, title of his topics have characterizes with precision and objectively . This lead to present an extensive knowledgeable achievement. We can realize , to some extent that his writings have never been familiar but he exerted a considerable efforts in addressing multiple issue of history according to a logical imaginative perspective to treat the reasons of turbulence of history. He also has had a high degree of distinction in intellectual and scientific output in domain of historical studies which qualified hi to be considered ,by observes ,one of the greatest pioneers in history of Iraq in terms of his works subject of history ,especially in lives and chronicles of (Ahlul - Beit) the off spring of prophet Muhammed (pease be upon him) that distinguished him from other historical writers .Having a look at his writings, we can notice the considerable diversity in style quantitatively and qualitatively. he handled issue ,topics and numerous ,varied ,historical points of debate in according to systematic bases and view reflected firmly his approach and mechanisms in his pattern for researching .in addition ,the scholar ,Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi, was not just a writer in history ,but ,moreover, he almost wrote in all Islamic order ,doctrine , language, and religious erudition.he was ,and still, considered as one of the greatest personas in history of contemporary Iraqi scholar is ,deservedly ,considered as an encyclopedia who left an apparent indelibly imprint on generations seekers of history science and its facts . he realy enjoyed with a sense of an adherent chronicler with his systematic line of thinking which almost approaching for mythology in writing of history ,especially in relation to his arranging of marging.In sum,we can infer undoubtedly that he had an amazing foresight for events which we can realize through what he referred to, not in position to assets of figures hehad passed on and translated theme , but we have found how he was utterly conscientious to present for his readers a valid historical account by means of the diversity in reliable sources, with purpose in his mind,to figure out and beef up of the historical fact which he related in his creative works.B) )When analyzing his style of writing=g , we can recognize how his style has been distinguished with reference to the clarity and simplicity, any tentative reader approach for events and details .And another distinctive merit which differentiates him from whole writers is that his books process wide coverage ; consequently ,filling a wide gaps in agreat deal of libraries and, for their extremely importance, they have translated for many language such as English, Ordic,Turkish,Sawahi, and language of Husa . his books were (65) books . in addition ,some of this books have become curriculum or course of study in international universities such as the Islamic university in London and the Algerian university .Indeed , he has been considered by critics in literary scene as on of the elite that proved the knowledgeable and historical movement with books enjoyed with high level of validity and reliability in terms of the historical accounts . As a result , he was the only Iraqi author who is designated a private section in the library of the American congeress

الموقف الباكستاني من الغزو السوفيتي لافغاننستان 1979 - 1989 == The Pakistani Attitude From the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979 - 1989)

Author name: ايمان محبس مدلول الطاهر
Supervisor name: اسعد حميد ابو شنة
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Afghanistan has undergone many major transformations on all of the political, military, economic and social levels that had a significant impact on its local and regional status. Due to its geographical position, Afghanistan had a special significance because of its proximity to the crossroads of three different civilized centers; Central Asia, The Indian sub - continent and the Middle East, which became controversial over the years between the major powers dominating the world at the time. Since the beginning of its modern history, the location of Afghanistan represented for the Soviet Union an important strategic position that made the Soviet Union aspire to polarize Afghanistan towards it, despite the fact that Afghanistan, after getting rid of the British dependency in 1919, had taken the non - aligned policy as a slogan of the state and became far from interventions that took place in the outside world, including alliances of the two World Wars I and I.But the major and regional countries neighboring Afghanistan had another opinion, the most prominent of which are the Soviet Union and Pakistan. the Soviet Union, being geographically adjacent to Afghanistan thought that it was necessary to control this country and manipulate it, then take control of Pakistan to ensure they were not dragged into the Western camp. The Soviet Union began to politically, economically, and even socially contain Afghanistan by spreading communist ideas to extract Afghanistan from its religious enclosure so that it could dictate its conditions upon it. In economic terms, the Soviet Union bound Afghanistan to many treaties in order to vigorously link the Afghan economy to the Soviet one. Therefore, Afghanistan embraced countless treaties that made the Soviet Union the sole controller of the Afghan economy. Culturally, the Soviet Union brought to Afghanistan the means of education and ideas that went in line with the Communist Party, which was rapidly spreading in Afghanistan ahead of the invasion.Pakistan's close proximity to Afghanistan and the social, linguistic, cultural and religious ties between the two countries had played a major role in moving the Afghan society to the desired destination of Pakistan and its allies, as the allies of Pakistan, especially the United States of America, knew how to approach Afghanistan under the umbrella of religion and Islamic Jihad since the Islamic religion in Afghanistan has the upper hand. Hence, Pakistan had been at the forefront of what was going on in Afghanistan - the Soviet invasion of it in 1979 .This in itself did not appeal to the other anti - Soviet forces, i.e., the US, which felt that Afghanistan had been dragged to the Eastern Camp.Through the above study we have highlighted the position of Pakistan from the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan and have come to conclude the following results : The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 - 1989 represented an important event on the regional and international scene. Major and regional countries were unable to stand still because of the very important effects they had on manyBcountries, especially in Asia. Pakistan was one of the most affected countries for several reasons, some were related to its foreign policy and regional relations with its neighbors, especially India and the unsettled issues between them, while other reasons were related to its relations with major countries - the United States and the Soviet Union - and Pakistan's need for a strong ally to support it in the face of the regional challenges, as well as the challenges of internal building and the advancement of the country's economy. There were many things that manifested Pakistan's hostile attitude towards the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan : Pakistan considered the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan as the greatest threat to its security and may be greater than the traditional Indian threat, besides the fear of Pakistan that the Soviet Union might take use of its borders to reach their desired goal, i. e., warm waters. The Soviet invasion did not serve the interests of Pakistan, especially on the internal, social, and economic levels, because of the effects that resulted from the invasion such as the social problems and economic losses that had increased the burden of the emerging Pakistani economy. The advanced Indo - Soviet relations had a significant impact on directing Pakistan's position towards the Afghan issue. Pakistan felt that it had become politically and ideologically hostile to both countries. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was a strategic security threat to the Pakistan national security as the Soviet forces were coming closer to the Pakistani borders. Pakistan's rejection of the Soviet invasion was based on maintaining Pakistan's national security, including India's threat. Pakistan had not been able to determine the appropriate bases in the face of this great challenge due to its limited economic, political and military capabilities compared to the Soviet Union, so it had to rely on the great powers that would be an adversary to the Soviet Union and diverging in ideological goals; the United States represented this type of force.Hence, both Pakistan and Afghanistan mattered in the Cold War, and turned to have an important role in the eyes of the US, just as the Soviet Union had presence in Afghanistan, the United States had to be close to it, and Pakistan represented the most appropriate place for that presence. Pakistan was the base of financing, training, and equipping the Afghan resistance factions against the Soviet forces in Afghanistan, besides the great political and intelligence presence of the United States. Pakistani territory was the most important base for all of the young people, who wanted to fight the Soviet forces, coming from various regions of the Islamic world.

ال الحرفوش في بعلبك 1497 - 1865م : دراسة تاريخية

Author name: زهرة محمد حلو الشيباني
Supervisor name: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

دور صناديق الثروة السيادية في دعم الموازنة العامة لبلدان مختارة مع امكانية تطبيقها في العراق == The Role of Sovereign Wealth Funds in Supporting the Budget of Selected Countries with the Possibility of Applying them in Iraq

Author name: زينب شاكر جبير الظالمي
Supervisor name: عكيل حميد جابر الحلو
Specific topic: Banking & Finance Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: This study try to analysis "the role of sovereign wealth funds in supporting the budget of selected countries with the possibility of applying them in Iraq", The study was based on the hypothesis that "sovereign wealth funds contribute to achieving the economic balance of the public budget of the country through absorption of oil surpluses at high prices and prevent the state of expansion of public spending, It also works to support the public budget in the event of oil shocks and low prices, especially in rent countries through mutual influence. The study sample includes the two countries (Norway and Algeria) highlighting the role of the Norwegian Global Government Pension Fund and the role of the Algerian Resources Fund Their support for the public budget of the two countries that they sample of study and try to benefit from the positive policies used by them in the management of oil surpluses to achieve stability of the Iraqi economy, which is considered the federal budget mirror him through the establishment of an Iraqi sovereign fund to achieve those goals, The study was based on an analysis of the financial ratios related to the analysis of the budgets of both countries and the role of the sovereign fund in supporting them, as well as analysis of the data of the reality of the general budget in Iraq, The most important finding of the study is the existence of a mutual financial relationship between the sovereign funds, especially the stabilization funds in the oil countries and the general budget of the country, based on Friedman's permanent income theory and its content if the result of subtracting estimated expenditures from actual public revenues is positive, The Fund will be financed by the realized surplus. The result of the proposal between the variables mentioned negative result in a deficit in the general budget of the country is covered by withdrawal from the Fund, As well as the possession of the Iraqi economy several justifications necessitated by the need to accelerate the establishment of funds for sovereign wealth, including the Iraqi economy and its dependence on the large oil sector in the financing of gross domestic product and annual budgets make it hostage to price fluctuations of oil wealth, as well as the imbalance of the sectoral structure of GDP and its impact on the budget deficit Of the country, as well as the viability and success of the experiences of establishing sovereign funds in various developing and developed countries.While recommending study the need to expedite the legislation of the proposed law of Mesopotamia’s fund, which should define the powers and responsibilities of the various authorities responsible for funding, management and implementation of the Fund's investment strategies by converting the financial surpluses achieved from the difference between the estimated price inthe law of the public budget and the actual price to the Fund account, To ensure the continued funding of public budget expenditures in case of falling oil prices even in the short term. Two types of investments should be followed for the oil surpluses in the Financial Stability Fund to ensure the necessary funding for the general budget and not to succumb to the phenomenon of fiscal deficit in times of decline in oil pricesThe first pattern is based on the strategy of low - return investment and risk to cover operating expenses in the short term, A high - yielding and risky investment strategy to counter the effects of global oil price collapse over the long term.

استخدام نموذج مطالب - موارد الوظيفة في تحديد مستوى جودة الخدمة المصرفية : دراسة تحليلية لاراء عينة من العاملين في المصارف الحكومية التجارية في محافظة المثنى == Using the Job Demands - Resources modal to determine the quality of banking service An analytical study to orupon the views of a sample of employees in government commercial banks in Al - Muthanna province

Author name: زينة فالح حميد الجياشي
Supervisor name: عامر علي حسين العطوي
Specific topic: Banking Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: تسعى الدراسة الحالية الى معرفة تاثير نموذج مطالب - موارد الوظيفة في جودة الخدمات المصرفية المقدمة من قبل العاملين في المصارف الحكومية في محافظة المثنى والتي بلغت (133) عاملا مع اختلاف تحصيلهم العلمي ومناصبهم الادارية, ويتضمن متغير مطالب الوظيفة مجموعة من المؤشرات تمثلت بعبء العمل والصراعات الشخصية وسوء بيئة العمل المادية. اما متغير موارد الوظيفة فقد تجسدت مؤشراته بكل من التغذية العكسية واستقلالية العامل والدعم الاجتماعي المدرك. وتفترض الدراسة ان مطالب الوظيفة تؤثر في جودة الخدمات المصرفية من خلال الدور الوسيط للاحتراق الوظيفي في حين تؤثر موارد الوظيفة في جودة الخدمات المصرفية من خلال الدور الوسيط للانغماس الوظيفي, وتكمن مشكلة الدراسة في انخفاض مستوى جودة الخدمة المصرفية بسبب ارتفاع مطالب الوظيفة التي قد تسبب الاحتراق لدى العاملين وانخفاض موارد الوظيفة مما يؤدي الى انخفاض الانغماس الوظيفي لديهم, ومن ابرز فرضيات الدراسة الرئيسية هي توجد علاقة تاثير غير مباشرة سالبة ذات دلالة معنوية بين مطالب الوظيفة وجودة الخدمة المصرفية من خلال الدور الوسيط لمتغير الاحتراق الوظيفي, وايضا توجد علاقة تاثير ذات دلالة معنوية بين موارد الوظيفة وجودة الخدمة المصرفية من خلال الدور الوسيط لمتغير الانغماس الوظيفي, ومن ابرز اهداف الدراسة تحديد مستوى مطالب الوظيفة الذي يعاني منها العاملين في القطاع المصرفي والعمل على تقليلها او موازنتها, والكشف عن مستوى موارد الوظيفة لدى العاملين في القطاع المصرفي والعمل على زيادتها, ومعرفة مستوى جودة الخدمة المصرفية المقدمة من قبل العاملين من وجهة نظر المصارف عينة الدراسة, اما اهمية الدراسة تبرز بكونها تعد من اولى المحاولات التي تختبر نموذج مطالب - موارد الوظيفة في القطاع المصرفي. وقد استخدمت الدراسة لاختبار الفرضيات مجموعة من الادوات الاحصائية المناسبة تمثلت بعامل الارتباط البسيط ومنهج معادلة النمذجة الهيكلية وتحليل الانحدار المتعدد المتدرج. وقد اثبتت النتائج صحة اغلب الفرضيات وقد توصل الباحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات المهمة كان من ابرزها استخدام نموذج مطالب - موارد الوظيفة لقياس جودة الخدمة المصرفية لكونه يعد وسيلة فعالة لمعرفة ضغوط العمل التنظيمية وما هي العوامل المحفزة لهم, الكلمات المفتاحية : مطالب الوظيفة, موارد الوظيفة, الانغماس الوظيفي, الاحتراق الوظيفي, جودة الخدمة المصرفية. | The current study seeks to know the effect of job demands - Resources model on the quality of banking services provided by a sample of employees in the government commercial banks in Al - Muthanna Governorate, which amounted to (133) employees with different degrees of education and administrative positions. The variable of job demands includes a set of indicators, such as workload, personal conflicts, and poor physical working environment. The variable demands resources have been reflected in the indicators of feedback, worker autonomy and social support, The study assumes that job demands affect the quality of banking services through the intermediary role of Job Burnout, while the resources of the job affect the quality of banking services through the intermediary role of Job engagement, The study used to test hypotheses a set of appropriate statistical tools represented by the simple correlation coefficient and the method of equation of structural modeling and regression analysis of multi - gradient. The results proved the validity of most study hypotheses. The researcher reached a number of important conclusions and recommendations. The most important of these were the use of the job demands - resources model to measure the quality of banking service as an effective means of knowing the regulatory pressures and the factors that motivate them

تاثير مواعيد الزراعة في نمو وحاصل تراكيب وراثية مختلفة من محصول الشوفان sativa Avena L == Effect of Sowing Dates on Growth And Yield of Different Oats Genotypes Avena Sativa L.

Author name: رسول ثامر جاسم الحساني
Supervisor name: فيصل محبس مدلول الطاهر
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Field Crops
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: نفذت تجربة حقلية خلال الموسم الشتوي 2012 - 2013 في حقل احد المزارعين في قضاء الرميثة ( 25 كم شمال مدينة السماوة, مركز محافظة المثنى), لتقييم استجابة ثلاثة تراكيب وراثية من الشوفان هي : ( Wallaro وCarrolupو Wild oat) لخمسة مواعيد زراعة هي( 1و15 تشرين الاول | A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2012 - 2013 in farm near the Rumaitha (25 km north of Samawah) to evaluate response of three genotypes of oats (Wallaro, Carrolup and Wild oat) for five Plantin dates (1, 15 October, 1, 15 November

تحضير لقاح مضاد للبكتريا المرضية المسببة لالتهاب القــدم السكري باستخدام التشعيع بالليـزر واطئ الطاقة == Preparation of Vaccine Against Diabetic Foot Pathogenic Bacteria Using Low Level Diode Laser

Author name: زينب عواد راضي محمد
Supervisor name: احسان فتح الله رستم محمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الحالية الى تحضير نوعين من اللقاح (الحي المضعف، والمقتول) ضد البكتريا المسببة لحالات داء القدم السكري في الانسان، وذلك باستخدام اشعة الليزر ثنائي الصمام. تم جمع العينات من (40) شخص يعانون من التهاب القدم السكري، باستخدام مسحة قطنية معقمة Sw | The objective of this study is to prepare two types of vaccine (Live attenuated and killed vaccines) against pathogenic bacteria of diabetic foot infection in humans, using laser irradiation. Samples collected from forty patients suffered from diabetic foot infection, using sterile cotton tinge (Swab), the samples diagnosed depending on a number of morphological examinations, biochemical tests and culturing on selective media, as well as to use of the API system. The bacterial isolates obtained including the followings : Staphylococcus aureus (24.59 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.95 %), Escherichia coli (21.31 %), S. epidermidis (9.84 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.84 %), Proteus mirabilis (8.20 %), and other species (3.28 %). The sensitivity of the bacterial isolates before irradiation to a number of antibiotics were examined, they all gave high resistance to the antibiotics, except two types (Amikacin & Ciprofloxacin), which the bacterial isolates were sensitive to. The bacterial isolates irradiated with laser using wavelengths (660, 820, and 915nm) to increase their sensitivity reaching to a step of attenuating or killing the bacteria with increasing exposure times. Then the attenuated and killed bacteria from each isolate used to prepare a mixed vaccine. Laser effect on the bacterial isolates showed a significant decrease in the viability of the bacteria of all species when the dose was increased, where occur killing the bacteria after 20 min and more of laser dose. The efficiency of the vaccine was tested by using laboratory animals, fifteen rabbits were used in the current study, they were divided into three groups with five rabbits each, one group for live attenuated vaccine inoculation, and the other one for the killed vaccine while the third group used as a control group. One month after the completion of the vaccination, the concentrations of the immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM C3, and C4) in the rabbit serum measured using Radial Immunodiffusion (RID) method.The results showed very high significant differences P < 0.001 for the level of IgG between the live attenuated vaccine group when compared with the control one, high significant differences P < 0.01 for the level of killed vaccine group compared with the control one.The results of IgA concentrations for the three groups were highly significant, P < 0.01, when comparing the attenuated with control group, while were significant, P < 0.05 between the killed vaccine group and the control one, it was also significant for the level of IgM, C3, and C4, when compared both the live attenuated and killed vaccine groups with the control one respectively. There were no significant differences between the live attenuated and the killed vaccine groups of all measured concentrations.Subsequently the animals inoculated again with a live dose of the bacterial isolates and the levels of (IgM, IgA, IgG, C3, and C4) were measured, the same results as in the vaccinations readings were obtained.Finally the animals were inoculated with the challenge dose of all the isolated live bacteria. The animals of the control group died, while the immunized animals remained healthy revealing the efficacy of the vaccine and the vaccination program.

دراسة مرضية فسلجية جزيئية لمرضى الثلاسيميا نوع بيتا في محافظة المثنى - العراق == Patho Physiological And Molecular Studies of ? - Thalassemia Patients In Al - Muthanna Province - Iraq

Author name: هناء علي عزيز
Supervisor name: خالد كاطع الفرطوسي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية لتقييم التغيرات الدمية والكيموحيوية للمرضى المصابين بالثلاسيميا نوع - ? وكذلك تحديد الطفرات المسببة للمرض بواسطة سلسلة تفاعل البوليمر ARMS - PCR ولاول مرة في محافظة المثنى - العراق. خلال الفترة من تشرين الاول - 2013 لغاية اذار - 2014. | The aim of this study was detected of hematological, biochemical changes and detection of mutations which cause ? - thalassemia by ARMS - PCR assay for the first time in Al - Muthanna province - Iraq, during the period from October - 2013 up to March - 2014. One hundred patients with thalassemia were examined in the present study as well as fifty apparently healthy people were selected as the control, their ages ranged between 2 - 20 years old, these patients were registered as thalassemic patients in "Thalassemia Unit" at "Feminine and Children Hospital" in Al - Muthanna province.The patients of ? - thalassemia were examined by using hematological and biochemical tests. The study recorded non significant differences at (P>0.05) in the infection percentage of male (56%) and female (44%) with thalassemia. The study showed a significant increase at (P<0.05) in the infection percentage of thalassemia in age groups, location, relative degree, blood group and infected viral hepatitis. The study indicated a significant decrease at (P<0.05) in red blood cells, hemoglobin and packed cell volume in all age groups compared with control groups. Also, the study showed a significant decrease at (P<0.05) in red blood cells of thalassemia between all age groups while it showed non significant differences at (P>0.05) in hemoglobin and packed cell volume of thalassemia between all age groups. The study showed a significant increase at (p<0.05) in platelets in age groups (1 - 5) years which was (356238+ 24244)U/L and (15 - 20) years was (278311+ 17640) U/L as compared with control groups (274000+84481) U/L and (216667+ 70384)U/L respectively. Also, the study recorded a significant increase at (P<0.05) in platelets of thalassemia in age group (1 - 5) years compared with other age groups. The study indicated a significant decrease at (P<0.05) in total white blood cells in all age groups as compared with control groups. Additionally, it showed a significant differences at (P<0.05) in total white blood cells of thalassemia between age groups.The study recorded a significant decrease at (P<0.05) in neutrophile in all age groups as compared with control groups. Moreover, it showed non significant differences at (P>0.05) in netrophile of thalassemia between all age groups. The study showed a significant decrease at (P<0.05) in basophile in age groups (1 - 5) years, (5 - 10) years and (15 - 20) years as compared with control groups. Furthermore, it showed a significant increase at (P<0.05) in basophile of thalassemia in age group (10 - 15) years as compared with other age groups. The study recorded a significant increase at (P<0.05) in eosinophile in all age groups as compared with control groups. Also, it showed non significant differences at (P>0.05) in eosinophile of thalassemia between all age groups. The study showed a significant increased at (P<0.05) in lymphocyte in age groups (1 - 5) years, (5 - 10) years and (10 - 15) years as compared with control groups. Also, it showed non significant differences at (P>0.05) in lymphocyte of thalassemia between all age groups. The study indicated a significant decrease at (P<0.05) in monocyte in age groups (5 - 10) years (1.094+ 0.093) % and (10 - 15) years (0.483+ 0.093) % as compared with control groups (5.166+ 1.359) and (5.824+ 1.555) respectively.Also, it showed a significant increase at (P<0.05) in monocyte of thalassemia between age groups. The study indicated a significant decrease at (P<0.05) in urea level in age groups(1 - 5) years (23.63+ 5.88) mg/dl and (5 - 10) years (26.86+ 6.45) mg/dl as compared with control group (35.37+7.90) mg/dl and (33.83+5.26) mg/dl. Inaddition, it recorded non significant differences (P>0.05) in urea of thalassemia between all age groups. The study showed a significant decrease at (P<0.05) in creatinine level in age groups (1 - 5) years, (10 - 15) years and (15 - 20) years as compared with control group. Also, it recorded non significant differences (P>0.05) in creatinine of thalassemia between all age groups. The study showed a significant increase at (P<0.05) in Alanine aminotransferase , bilirubin in all age groups as compared with control groups. Also, the study recorded non significant differences at (P>0.05) in Alanine aminotransferase of thalassemia between all age groups, while it showed significant increase (P <0.05) in bilirubin of thalassemia in age group (15 - 20) years as compared with age groups. The study indicated significant increase at (P<0.05) in Aspartate aminotransferase in age group (1 - 5) years (23.71+7.54)U/L as compared with control group (12.33+3.51) U/L. Also, it recorded non significan differences at (P>0.05) in Aspartate aminotransferase of thalassemia between all age groups. The study recorded a significant increase at (P<0.05) in concentration of ferritin in all age groups as compared with control groups. Also, it showed significant increase at (P <0.05) in ferritin of thalassemia in age group (15 - 20) years as compared with other age groups. The study showed non significant differences at (P>0.05) in concentration of uric acid and albumin in all age groups as compared with control groups. Also, it recorded non significant differences at (P>0.05) in uric acid and albumin of thalassemia between all age groups. The study indicated a significant decrease at (P<0.05) in total protein in age groups (1 - 5) years, (5 - 10) years and (10 - 15) years as compared with control groups. Also, it recorded non significant differences at (P>0.05) in total protein of thalassemia between all age groups. The study showed a significant decrease at (P<0.05) in calcium concentration in age groups (1 - 5) years, (10 - 15) years and (15 - 20) years as compared with control groups. Also, it recorded non significant differences at (P>0.05) in calcium concentration of thalassemia between all age groups. The present study diagnosed three types of mutation in ? - thalassemic patients by ARMS - PCR assay (IVS - I - 5, Codon 8\9, Codon15), the highest percent of ? - thalassemic patients mutation is IVS - I - 5 (53.8 %) followed by Codon 8\9 and Codon15 with percentage (27.6%) and (18.4 %) respectively

التوجيه الصرفي في كتب مشكل اعراب القران في القرنين الخامس والسادس الهجريين == The Morphological Channeling In The Books on The Obscure of Parsing The Quran In The Fifth And Sixth Century

Author name: رقية سجاد حسن
Supervisor name: علي فرحان جواد
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: This study deals with the morphological channeling in three books the common subject matter of which is the obscurity of the parsing of the Quran. These books are : 1.Mushkil '?rab 'al - Quran by Makki Ibn Abi Talib al - Qaisi (d.437 A.H.).2.Kashf al -

تاثير مستخلصات بذور نبات النيم Azadirachta indica A. Juss واوراق نبات قرن الغزال Stapf Ibicella lutea في مقاومة ذبابة الياسمين البيضاء Takahashi Aleroclava jasmine على الحمضيات == Measuring Tche Efficiency Of Azadiracta indica A.Juss and Ibicella lutea (Stapf.) Plant Extract in Resisting Aleuroclava jasmine Takahachi on Citrus

Author name: زينة عبد الحسين جواد الموسوي
Supervisor name: تركي مفتن سعد | نهاد كاظم خلف
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Prevention
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

تاثير اسمدة مختلفة ومستخلص الكجرات في نمو وحاصل هجينين من الطماطة Esculentum Mill) Lycopersicon) == Effect of different fertilizers and Hibscus extract in Two Hybrids of Tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill )

Author name: رشا حميد عكاب
Supervisor name: فلاح حسن عيسى | تركي مفتن سعد
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Production
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

دراسة بعض الاوجه الحياتية للمفترس اسد المن الاخضر Chrysoperla Carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera : Chrysopidae) المربى على فرائس حشرية مختلفة ومقارنتها مع التربية على اوساط غذائية صناعية == Study of some biological parameters for the aphid lion predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera : Chrysopidae) reared on various insect preys in comparison with some artificial diets.

Author name: محمد خليل ابراهيم ال كسار
Supervisor name: نهاد كاظم خلف التميمي | صادق ثاجب علي الغزي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Production
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

تاثير مغنطة البذور ورش السماد العضوي Humizone وحامض البنزويك في نمو وحاصل نباتات هجيني الفلفل الحلو (Capscicum Anuum L.) المزروعين في البيوت البلاستيكية

Author name: ناصر حبيب محيبس التميمي
Supervisor name: نجم عبد عذيب الطائي | فلاح حسن عيسى
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Production
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

ثاثير التسميد النتروجيني والفوسفاتي ومدد الري في النمو الخضري لشجيرة الجاتروفا Jatropha Curcas L. == Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization and Irrigation periads on vegetative growth of (Jatropha curcas L.)

Author name: جابر جاسم ابو طليشة
Supervisor name: فلاح حسن عيسى | تركي مفتن سعد
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Production
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

تاثير نمط الزراعة والمعالجة المغناطيسية لمياه الري والرش بسماد الامينواليكسين في نمو وحاصل نباتي الخيار Cucumis Sativus L. والباذنجان Solanum Melongena L. في الزراعة المحمية == Effect of Method of Agricultural and magnetized water with spraying (Aminoalexine)0n growth and yield of Cucumis sativus L. and Solanum melongena L. grown in plastic house.

Author name: رحمة وداد شنون الشحماني
Supervisor name: فلاح حسن عيسى
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Production
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

تاثير كميات ومواعيد اضافة السماد البوتاسي في نمو وحاصل ونوعية الزيت لمحصول زهرة الشمس (Helianthus Annuus L.Var. Flame) == Effect of Quantities and Dates of Potassium Fertilizer Application on Growth, Yield and Oil Quality of Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. var. Flamme)

Author name: سعد عدنان منهل البدري
Supervisor name: فيصل محبس مدلول الطاهر | يحيى كريدي جلاب
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Field Crops
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

دراسة لمرض تعفن عرانيص الذرة الصفراء (.L Zea Mays) وامكانية السيطرة عليه بتقنيات مختلفة == The Study of The Rot Disease for Yellow Corn Ears (Zea mays L.) and The Possibility of Controlling It By Means of Different Techniques

Author name: رشا عبد الله كريم الشحماني
Supervisor name: فيصل محبس مدلول الطاهر | صباح لطيف علوان
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Production
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

تاثير التلقيح ببكتريا Rhizobium Leguminosarum وبكتريا Pseudomonas Fluorescens والتداخل بينهما في نمو وتطور نبات الباقلاء Vicia Faba L. == Effect of Inoculation with rhizobium leguminosarum Bacteria and pseudomonas fluorescens Bacteria and their Interpenetration on Growth and Development of Broad Bean Plant

Author name: صوفيا جبار جاسم الركابي
Supervisor name: تركي مفتن سعد
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Production
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

دراسة بكتريولوجية لمياه بحيرة ساوه وتربتها الشاطئية == Studying Bacteriological For waters Sawa Lake and the adjacent beach soil

Author name: ميثم عباس مكي
Supervisor name: تركي مفتن سعد
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Soil and Water
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

تاثير الرش بالمستخلص المائي لعرق السوس ومعلق الخميرة في بعض صفات النمو والحاصل لصنفين هجينين من الطماطة Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill. المزروعين تحت ظروف البيت البلاستيكي == Effect of spraying water solution of liqorice and yeast solution to some of the characteristics of growth and winning for the two hybrids of tomato plant Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cultivated under greenhouses condition

Author name: مثنى جبار محمد العبادي
Supervisor name: نجم عبد عذيب الطائي | فلاح حسن عيسى
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Production
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

تقييم اداء واختبار قوة الهجين Hybrib Vigor لهجن فردية مستنبطة محليا من الذرة الصفراء Zea Mays L.

Author name: صالح هادي فرهود السالم
Supervisor name: عبد الامير ضايف مزعل | فيصل محبس الطاهر
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Field Crops
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

دراسة بعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية والفسيولوجية لدم النساء المجهضات في محافظة المثنى == Study of some biochemical and physiological changes in the blood of aborted women in Al-Muthana province

Author name: زهراء عبد الخضر محمد الديبس
Supervisor name: كاظم محمد سبع الجابري | ستار حسين علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

تاثير الليزرات الواطئة الطاقة على البكتريا المعزولة من الصفراء == Effect Of Low Level Laser On The Bacterial Isolations From The Bile

Author name: نبيل خضير حسون الموسوي
Supervisor name: احسان فتح الله رستم محمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

دراسة تاثير غبار السمنت على بعض معايير الدم الفسلجية والكيموحيوية للعاملين في معمل سمنت المثنى == Study the effect of Cement dust on some Physiological and Biochemical Blood parameters for Workers of AL Muthanna Cement Factory

Author name: يحيى محي جابر المرشدي
Supervisor name: ستار حسين علي | جهان فاضل اشرف
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

الكشف الجزيئي عن عوائل جيناتAmpC التي تشفر المقاومة للمضادات الحياتية بين الاشريشيا القولونية المعزولة من المرضى المصابين بالتهاب المجاري البولية في مستشفيات النجف == Molecular Detection Of AmpC Gene Families Encoding For Antibiotic Resistance Among Escherichia Coli Isolated From Patients With Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) In Al - Najaf Hospitals

Author name: عبير محمد علي جاسم الكرعاوي
Supervisor name: ياسر دخيل كريمش الاسدي | سلمان عزيز عدوس الجبوري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

تاثير هرمونات الدرقية على التنظيم الاوزموزي (الايوني الشاردي) في اسماك الكارب الاعتيادي. Cyprinus carpio L == Effect of Thyroid Hormones on Osmoregulation (ionic regulation ) in Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L

Author name: هدى هاشم عبد الرزاق
Supervisor name: مصطفى مهدي القزاز | طالب عبد الحسين موسى
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

دراسة التاثير المضاد لبعض المستخلصات النباتية على طفيلي الزحار الاميبي Entamoeba histolytica في الفئران المصابة مختبريا == Studying the opposite effect of some plant extracts on parasite Entamoeba. histolytica in experimentally infected mice.

Author name: مروة محسن حسين العياشي
Supervisor name: طالب عبد الحسين موسى | ياسـر دخيـل كريمش
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

دراسة فسيولوجية لمرضى فقر الدم البحري الكبير (بيتا ثلاسيميا) في محافظة المثنى

Author name: وسام جواد كاظم
Supervisor name: نبيل صبري بادي الحبيب
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

دراسة بعض التغيرات الفسلجية و الكيموحيوية في مرضى الفشل الكلوي المزمن المصاحب ببعض الامراض المزمنة == A Study Of Some Physiological And Biochemical Changes In Patients With Chronic Renal Failure Accompanied By Some Chronic Diseases

Author name: مروة محمد علي جاسم الكرعاوي
Supervisor name: رائد معلك حنون الصالح | طالب عبد الحسين موسى
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

دراسة بعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية والفسيولوجية للمصابين بتصلب شرايين القلب التاجية في محافظة المثنى == Study of some biochemical and physiological parameters in coronary atherosclerosis patients in Al-Muthanna province

Author name: زينب محمد جاسم
Supervisor name: نبيل صبري بادي الحبيب | ياسردخيل كريمش
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

دراسة بعض المعايـير الجرثومية و الكيمافيزيائية لمياه الاسالة والمياه المعدنية المعباة في محافظة المثنى == Studying Some Microbial And Chemophysical Parameters Of Tap Water And Mineral Bottled Water In Al - Muthanna Province

Author name: بتول رحيم طعيمة الجياشي
Supervisor name: علي حسين حنوش | تركي مفتن سعد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

عـــزل وتشعيع البكتريا من النساء المجهضات في مدينة السماوة باستخدام الليزر واطــئ الطاقــــة == Isolation And Irradiation Of Pathogenic Bacteria From Aborts Women In Samawah City Using Low Level Laser

Author name: هداء مطشر نهاب
Supervisor name: احسان فتح الله رستم محمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

تاثير ليزر ثنائي الصمام بطول موجي 820 نانومتر على بعض الهرمونات والانزيم التي تتداخل مع التئام الجروح وسد الثغرات الناشئة عن التحام فقدان الجلد == Effect Of 820nm Diode Laser On Some Hormones And Enzyme Concerning With Wound Healing And Skin Loss Sealing

Author name: دنيا عبد الله بركات الموسوي
Supervisor name: احسان فتح الله رستم محمد | ستار حسين علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

عزل وتشخيص الجراثيم ذات صبغة كرام السالبة من كيس الصفراء للانسان والحيوان == Isolation and Identification of Gram negative bacteria from Bile sac of human and animal

Author name: زهراء عبد الامير بدوي
Supervisor name: غازي موسى الخطيب
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

تاثير مستخلصي الحبة السوداء والنيم على خميرة ال Candida albicans المعزولة من الالتهابات المهبلية للنساء المصابات في محافظة المثنى == Effect of Black seed and Neem extracts on Candida albicans yeast isolated from women suffering from Vaginitis in the province of AL-Muthanna

Author name: عبير حسين عاجل البشير
Supervisor name: تركي مفتن سعد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

تاثير التلقيح ببكتريا Rhizobium leguminosarum في نمو وتطور وتكوين العقد الجذرية على الصنف المحلي والاسباني للباقلاء == Effect of inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum in the growth , development and nodulation of local and Spanish broad bean

Author name: اسماء لطيف نعمة
Supervisor name: تركي مفتن سعد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

شخصية المثقف في روايات علي بدر : دراسة تحليلية == Intellectual Character in Ali Badrs Novels Analytic Study

Author name: محمد فاضل جدوع المشلب
Supervisor name: فوزية لعيوس غازي الجابري
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

القيم الاخلاقية في نثر العصر الجاهلي : دراسة موضوعية تحليلية == Moral values of narrative uneducated age (specific and analytical study)

Author name: علي اسماعيل خليل العزاوي
Supervisor name: وليد شاكر نعاس الرفاعي
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

الظواهر الصوتية في كتاب (كشف المشكلات وايضاح المعضلات) لابي الحسن الباقولي (ت543هـ) == The Phonetic Phenomena In (The Problems Detection and Dilemmas illustration) Book Of Abi Al - Hassan Al - Baqouli (D543 H)

Author name: علي عواد ميزر
Supervisor name: صاحب منشد عباس الزيادي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

شعرية الخطاب عند الشعراء الفرسان في عصر ما قبل الاسلام == The poetic Discourse when knights poets In the pre - Islamic Age

Author name: نضال جبري طابور
Supervisor name: وليد شاكر نعاس الرفاعي
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

الادب القصصي في المثنى : دراسة في الموضوع والاداة == Narrative Literature in Al - Muthanna A Study on Themes and Instruments

Author name: شيرين ريسان رفاس
Supervisor name: فوزية لعيوس غازي الجابري
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
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