Author name:
مهدي جبار عكلة الساعدي
Supervisor name:
مشحن زيد محمد التميمي
Abstract:
لقد حاولنا في هذه الدراسة الميدانية التي هي دراسة انثروبولوجية حضرية لمدينة الشامية التي هي مركز قضاء تابع اداريا الى محافظة الديوانية. ان نبين طبيعة التحولات والتغيرات التي حدثت في المنطقة منذ تاسيسها ولحد الان اذ كانت منطقة الدراسة منذ نشاتها وتحديدا | The Present Field - Study , as a study of urban anthropology , aimed at investigating the nature of changes and transformations in , Al - Shamiya, a city in AlQqadisiya Governorate , since its being established till now. The region under study since its earliest history , namely from the twentieths to the sixtieths of the last century , lived an urban Life. at that time , the dominant families were of nuclear type , trade was the prevailing occupation. There was no one who wore the Arabic - style of clothes even tribe chief (sheikhs) wore the Arabic - style clothes only when they went to country,while they wore trousers and shirt in the city. Most of the families in the city assigned rooms for guests those rooms had tables and chairs and other thing of urban patterns. After that , namely in the beginning of the sixtieths , urban patterns started to disappear gradually , specially after the coercive deportation of the most earlier urban families (Jews and Iranians). Add to that a remarkable number of rural families migrated to the city. over time and by increasing number of the members of the most families , the family pattern changed from nuclear to united families pattern for the most families in the region under - study. Also, rural customs , traditions and values spread and replaced those of the city specially in the eighteenths. Thus ,this field - study in urban Anthropology probed the social structure of AL - Shamiya city aiming to diagnosing the nature of the systems , orders ,structures and roles constructing the social structure at present time and their functions in the urban society. The study , also aimed to recognize the social , cultural ,economical and political change in the city. Changes in Kinship and architectural development were also studied , one of the goals of the study was to identify the most significant problems the people of the city are suffering from. Recommendations were introduced to deal with those problems or to decrease their effects. What is worthy to be mentioned is that achieving the aims of the study will contribute to increase the anthropological and sociological erudition about construction systems in urban societies.The present study used an integrative method including the following methods : the structural - functional method , the historical method and the cognitive method (self - cognition ). The researcher used certain tools to obtain sufficient data and information related to the city. He used observation , participant - observation , informants and interview. In this study , the researcher concentrated on transformations that accured in the city referring to the extension of the city and the establishing of new quarters in a modern urban style. Changes in houses designs were also study. Also transformations in transportation means were investigated as these means , after being limited , were extended to involve many regions. The study referred to the marriage customs , the spread of exogamy marriage after Endogamy marriage was the dominant pattern. The study touched on the educational level among the population. The researcher concentrated on socialization and the role of modern means of communication in the process of socialization. The study referred to the two types of social discipline and its major means wich deeply affected individual's behavior in the city. It also referred to the change taking place in the economical system and the appearance of many professions while certain old professions ceased to exist. The study refered to the increasing number of the civil servant who belonged to the city and worked in different jobs as state office were occupied only persons from other regions. The present study consists of an introduction to identify the theme of the study , it's aim , it's significant fields alongside seven with seven chapters deal with the general framework of the study which exposed the study method , it's tools , spatial and temporal domains. It also touched on the study concepts such us city social structure , urbanization , social change, urban ecology , culture and sub - culture. The chapter also dealt with cities origination , causes of origination ,urbanized societies, theories of urban anthropology and determinants of urbanization. The cecond chapter included the ecological system which reviewed the location , topography , soil , weather , water resources , home , origination of the city , development of the city architecture , population , migration , the inner form of the city and means of transportation. The third chapter dealt with the kinship system including kinship order , clan groups , socialization and marriage.The fourth chapter dealt with the economical system including division of occupations according to their spread and their concentration in certain location in the city and the market. The fifth chapter touched on the political system including the historical background of this system. The chapter studied clan law and the governmental administration in the city. The sixth chapter dealt with the cultural system including the customs , traditions , and values and their conflict in the city. The chapter also touched on beliefs , folk costumes , folk proverbs , songs , plays and folk legends. The seventh chapter introduced the conclusions and recommendations. Finally the study was ended with an abstract
