Show: 25 50 75 100 Results

Search results: 25 out of 57

الاثار الجانبية الكبدية والدموية لجرعة منخفضة من الميثوتريكسيت 15 ملغم/ اسوبع لمرضى التهاب الفاصل الروماتويدي الذين عولجوا بالعلاج البيولوجي مع او بدون الستيرويد == Hepatic and Hematological adverse effects of low dose (< 15 mg / week) Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients treated with Biological therapy with or without steroid

Author name: عدي حاتم نايف
Supervisor name: خضير زغير معيوف البدري
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad

مستوى فيتامين دال في الشابات العراقيات المحجبات وغير المحجبات == Vitamin D Level in Veiled and Unveiled Iraqi Young Females

Author name: مهند خليل احمد
Supervisor name: محمد هادي العصامي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Vitamin D is one of the primary regulators of calcium (Ca) homeostasis in the body. Although a small amount of vitamin D is supplied from food, exposure of skin to the ultraviolet (UV) rays in sunlight is known to be the major source. Vitamin D is critically important for normal mineralization of bone.Aim of the studyThe aim of the study is to compare vitamin D status in veiled and unveiled healthy Iraqi women of reproductive age. Patients and methods A cross - sectional study was conducted at Baghdad TeachingHospital, Rheumatology unit. Between January and August 2018, A 100 healthy Iraqi volunteer women were recruited from the city of Baghdad at local hospitals. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects.ResultsThe laboratory testing of the serum 25 - Hydroxy vitamin D, serum calcium, serum phosphate and ALP of women in both groups revealed that veiled women had significantly lower 25 - Hydroxy vitamin D, than unveiled women.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of low vitamin D status in veiled females in comparism to unveiled females, calls for action to increase the population’s awareness and to develop strategies to reduce this risk among women, particularly those wearing dress styles that cover most or all of their skin

انتشار ومتنبات الاكتئاب لدى عينة من المرضى المصابين بداء الذاب الحمامي المجموعي == Prevalence and Predictors of Depression in a Sample of patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Author name: زهراء عدنان
Supervisor name: فائق ايشو كوريال | مشتاق طالب هاشم
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: المرضى والطرائق : شملت الدراسة المقطعية (60) مريضا مصابا بداء الذاب الحمامي المجموعي تم تشخيصهم حسب المعاييرالمطورة التشخيصية بواسطة الكلية الامريكية لامراض الرثية.تم جمع بيانات المرضى الديموغرافية والسريرية بما في ذلك العمر والجنس ومعيار كتلة الجسم وحالة التدخين والحالة الزوجية والحالة الوضيفية واعراض سابقة لشمول الجهاز العصبي المركزي ومدة المرض وفاعلية المرض بواسطة مقياس فاعلية المرض لداء الذاب الحمامي ,الادوية المستخدمة وتحاليل الدم وشاكلة الاضداد. تم تحري جميع المرضى بواسطة المعايير التشخيصية لنوبة الاكتئاب الرئيسية د س م 5 . النتائج : نسبة انتشار الاكتئاب كانت (31.7%),نسبة الاكتاب الحاد لوحظت في (13.3%) من الحالات بينما كانت نسبة الاكتئاب المتوسط الشدة (8.3%).علاوة على ذالك الحالات الفعالة حسب مقياس فاعلية المرض لداء الذاب الحمامي12< مثلت اعلى نسب الاكتئاب(40%).مقارنتا ب(20%) لحالات المرض الخفيفة الى متوسطة الشدة.لا توجد هناك اهمية اواحصائية معتد بها للفرق في معدل فاعلية المرض لداء الذاب الحمامي بين الفئات شديدة الاكتئاب) .(p>0.05المستوى التعليمي كانت له علاقة عكسية مع الاكتئاب معتد بها احصائيا,مرضى داء الذاب الحمامي من غير تعليم رسمي كانت لهم اعلى نسب الاكتئاب (85.7%)مقارنتا لمعدل مابين (21.7%و29.4%)لمن مستوى تعليمهم اعلى.خطورة الاصابة بالاكتئاب لم تكن مختلفة في حالة وجود اوغياب اعراض تخص شمولية الجهاز العصبي المركزي بالمرض(33.3%و3.35)على التوالي.العمر والجنس والحالة الزوجية والحالة الوظيفية لايوجد لهراابط ملحوظ او معتد احصائيا مع الاكتئاب.الادوية التي سبق للمريض تعاطيها والتي تشمل اي من البريدنيزولون ,هايدروكسي كلوروكوين,سايكلوفوسفامايد ,ازاثيوبرين ,مايكوفينوليت موفتيل ,ميثوتريكسيت ,كلوروكوين ,لا توجد لها اهمية او رابط احصائي معتد مع الاكتئاب.لا توجد اهمية ملحوضة او معتدة احصائيا لتاثير وجود نتيجة ايجابية لاضداد النوى ,اضداد دي ان اي ذو الطاقين وعوز المتممة (ج3و /او ج 4)على نسبة الاصابة بالاكتاب. الاستنتاجات : نسبة الاكتئاب لدى المرضى المصابين بداء الذاب الحمامي المجموعي شائعة نسبيا.وتزداد مع زيادة فعالية المرض. المستوى التعليمي كانت له علاقة عكسية مع الاكتئاب معتد بها احصائيا. | Background : Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi - systemic auto immune inflammatory disease in which genetic and environmental factors implicated in its pathogenesis. Depression is a potentially life - threatening disorder that affects hundreds of millions of people all over the world. The World Health Organization has ranked depression the 4th leading cause of disability worldwide.Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of depression in a sample of Iraqi patients with SLE if present. Patients and methods : This cross - sectional study involved 60 patients with SLE diagnosed according to revised American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria. Demographics and clinical data were collected including age, sex, BMI, smoking status, marital status, unemployment, educational status, crowding index, history of CNS involvement and disease duration. Disease activity for SLE was assessed with the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Medications used, blood investigations and autoantibody profile were collected, all subjects were screened for depression by using the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders - 5 ( DSM5) diagnostic criteria of depression.Results : The prevalence of depression was (31.7%). A severe form of depression was observed in 13.3% of SLE cases, while a mild degree of depression was elicited in 8.3% of the cases. Furthermore, cases with a severe form of disease evaluated by SLEDAI score >12 had an obviously higher rate of depression (40%) compared to 20% among those with mild or moderate disease. There was no important or statistically significant difference in median SLEDAI score between depression severity categories (p more than 0.05). Educational level had a statistically significant negative association with depression, SLE cases with no formal education had the highest rate of depression (85.7%) compared to a rate between 21.7% and 29.4% for higher level of educational attainment. The risk of having depression was not different in the presence or absence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement (33.3% and 31.3% respectively), age, gender, marital status and employment status had no obvious or statistically significant association with depression. The history of using each of prednisolone, hydroxychloroquine, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, mycophenylate, methotrexate and chloroquine had no important or statistically significant association with depression. Also the presence of antinuclear antibodies and anti - double stranded Deoxyribo nucleic acid (DNA) antibodies and the decrease in complement (C3 and/or C4) had no important or statistically significant effect on the presence of depression.Conclusions : The prevalence of depression in SLE patients was relatively high. SLE disease severity increase depression rate. Educational level had statistically negative association with depression

انتشار نوبة الاكئاب العظمى عند النساء العراقيات المصابات بهشاشة العظم في فترة ما بعد انقطاع الطمث == Prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder Among Postmenopausal Iraqi women with Osteoporosis

Author name: سرى قاسم عباس
Supervisor name: نزار عبد اللطيف جاسم
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Osteoporosis is a reduction in bone mineral density thatincreases susceptibility to fractures. Major depressive disorder is one of themost prevalent psychiatric conditions characterized by depressive mood,anhedonia, and sleep abnormalities. They are chronic diseases that affectlarge population groups with great impact on morbidity, mortality andquality of life. In fact, little researches has focused on the relationshipbetween low BMD and depression.Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of majordepressive disorder among postmenopausal Iraqi women with osteoporosisand its association with osteoporotic vertebral fracture and other low traumafractures.Patients and methods : This cross sectional study involved 100 postmenopausalIraqi women with osteoporosis diagnosed according to WHOcriteria for classification of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Thoracolumbarspine x - ray (lateral view) were performed for all women and osteoporoticvertebral fracture assessed by using the semi - quantitative method. Allwomen were screened for major depressive disorder by using the DSM5diagnostic criteria of depression and severity of their depression wasassessed by using the Beck Depression Inventory scale .Results : the prevalence of major depressive disorder among postmenopausalIraqi women with osteoporosis was 18%. There is no statistically significantassociation between bone mineral density and major depressive disorder(p≥0.05), with statistically significant association (p=0.01) of majorVIIdepressive disorder with osteoporotic vertebral fracture in comparison toprevious history of other type of low trauma fractures or no fractures.Conclusions : The prevalence of major depressive disorder inpostmenopausal women with osteoporosis was 18% with statisticallysignificant association with osteoporotic vertebral fracture.

انتشار كتلة العضلة غير الطبيعي لدى المرضى العراقيين المصابين بفصال الركبة وتاثيرها على نوعية الحياة == Prevalence of Abnormal Muscle Mass in Iraqi Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis and its Effect on Quality of Life

Author name: رغد دريد يحيى
Supervisor name: فائق ايشو كوريال
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Age - related osteoarthritis is characterized by degradation of articular cartilage and substantial loss of matrix, as a consequence of senescence; Intra - articular cell senescence and cartilage matrix degradation, extraarticular loss of skeletal muscle mass and deteriorated proprioception contribute to development of osteoarthritis. Age - related degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength is referred to as Sarcopenia, skeletal muscle mass is the metabolically active body component, however, fat massis metabolically inactive, so that the changes of skeletal muscle mass and fat mass with aging can be one of the most relevant biomarkers of senescence.Aim of the study This study was conduc ted to assess the prevalence of abnormal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in Iraqi patients with knee osteoarthritis and to evaluate the effect of sarcopenia on knee osteoarthritis patient's quality of life.Patients and methods This was a cross sectional study conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Unit of Rheumatology during the period from august 2017 to the end of June 2018, a total of 150 Iraqi females aged 50 years old and older with knee osteoarthritis. Plain X - rays of the weight bearing bilateral knee joints were obtained from the anterio - posterior and lateral aspects with 30º of knee flexion, quality of life and disease impact assessment was done by using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Physical activity measurement was done by using The leisure - time Physical Activity Index. Assessment of sarcopenia was done by using a dual energy x - ray absorptiometry scan for the body composition analysis, fat mass, lean mass, and bone mineral density. Diagnosis of sarcopenia was made via measuring skeletal mass index which defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass /height m², cut off point ≤ 5.6 kg/m² for female and handgrip strength was measured using a Dynamometer, cut off point < 20 kg. Body mass index (BMI) was measured. History of sociodemographic and medications including steroid and NSAIDs were taken.Results : The current study revealed that 14 (9.3%) of Iraqi women with knee osteoarthritis had sarcopenia. BMI appear to significantly predict sarcopenia (negative correlation), since the OR less than 1.0, both T score and Z predict sarcopenia (negative correlation) and T score appear to predict sarcopenia better than Z score (since the OR is lower in T score compared to Z score), LM and FMI negatively correlated with sarcopenia, gripe strength negatively correlated with sarcopenia.Age, menopausal duration, and sarcopenia appear to directly correlate with osteoporosis, while BMI, LM, FMI, negatively correlated with osteoporosis. Patients with sarcopenia had 7 folds increase risk of having osteoporosis. There was no significant association between WOMAC scoring (quality of life indicator) and sarcopenia and osteoporosis in women with knee osteoarthritis.

تقييم فرط مرونة المفاصل لدى المرضى العراقيين المصابين بمرض الفتق الاربي == Assessment of Joint Hypermobility in Iraqi Patients With Inguinal Hernia

Author name: وسيم كامل غيث
Supervisor name: فائق ايشو كوريال
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Joint hypermobility (JHM) is an excessive range of movement of the joint due to laxity of supporting connective tissue. Inguinal hernia is proposed due to weak supporting tissue that may be a clinical presentation of a more widespread problem of connective tissue.Objective : To assess JHM in Iraqi patients with inguinal hernia.Patients and methods : A total of 200 individuals were included in this study, 100 patients had inguinal hernia diagnosed by a surgeon based on clinical and abdominal ultrasound examination, and another 100 healthy individuals matched in age & sex were taken as a control group.A questionnaire paper consisted of personal data including : Age, sex, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). The assessment of joint mobility was measured according to Beighton score method for all the participants in the study.Results : One hundred patients with inguinal hernia and 100 healthy control group, all of them were males. The mean age of patients was (35.5± 9.5) year and controls (33.2 ± 10.5) year. The mean BMI was (25.3 ± 3.1) kg/m2 for patients and (25.1 ± 3.8) kg/m2 for controls. No statistical significant difference between patients and controls (P>0.05).JHM was significantly more in inguinal hernia patients than in controls (55(55%) vs 20(20%), p<0.001, OR=4.9; 95% CI = 2.6 - 9.2). The total joint mobility score among inguinal hernia patients was significantly higher than controls and was associated with a higher risk of developing inguinal hernia. In addition JHM was significantly increased among older age and overweight patients (p<0.05).A multiple logistic regression model was statistically significant and able to predict the group membership with 64% accuracy. Having an average score for joint mobility (4 - 6) increased the risk of having inguinal hernia by 5.2 times compared to those with negative hypermobility (score<4). Increasing the joint mobility score further to (7 - 9) increased the risk of having inguinal hernia by 11.3 times compared to those with negative hypermobility (score<4) Conclusions : JHM was significantly more prevalent among Iraqi patients with inguinal hernia patients than controls. The total joint mobility score among inguinal hernia patients was higher than controls. A higher score for JHM was associated with a higher risk of developing inguinal hernia.JHM among older age and overweight patients may predict inguinal hernia.

تاثير مؤشر كتلة الجسم على الاستجابه السريريه لعقار افلكسماب عند مرضى التهاب الفقار المقسطط == Body Mass Index and Clinical Response to Infliximab in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients

Author name: علي محمد علي الحمداني
Supervisor name: محمد هادي العصامي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: axial skeleton(spine and sacroiliac joints) , peripheral joints, enthesitis and specific organ involvement such as anterior uveitis, aortic valve disease. The hall mark of AS is inflammatory back pain associated with radiographic sacroiliitis and often spondylitis. Obese patient and excess of body fat is associated with increase in the severity and prevalence of rheumatic diseases, a rough measure of obesity is the body mass index BMI which is the body weight in Kilogram divided by the square of the height in meter.Aim of the study : To evaluate body mass index as indicator of response to therapy in Ankylosing spondylitis patients receiving infliximab.Patient and method : This is a retrospective study, data were collected from the records of patients attending the rheumatology department in Baghdad hospital to receive infliximab for treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. All patient included were diagnosed with the modified New York criteria for classification of ankylosing spondylitis. Data include patient age , sex, dis duration, HLA - b27, smoking, and patient weight and height, clinical response assessment by bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index BASDAI at time of initiation of treatment and six month later, amount of non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs NSAID at time of initiation of treatment and six month later. Excluded from the study those who discontinue infliximab either because of non - availability or absence from treatment session, patients who had been taking steroid before treatment with infliximab and those on other disease modifying ant rheumatic drugs.Patient were categorized into three groups according to their BMI (normal <25kg/m2 , overweight<30kg/m2 and obese >30kg/m2) and clinical response were calculated for each group of patients.Results : Total number of patient in this study are 170, There are 158 male patient (92.9%) and 12 female patient (7.1%). 60 patients (35.3%) has normalVIbody weight, 59 patients (34.7%) were overweight and 51 patient (30.0%) were obese.At time of initiation of infliximab therapy all patient have active disease with mean BASDAI (5.5 for the normal weight group, 5.4 for the overweight group and 6.1 for the obese weight group) and a full dose of NSAID being used for the three categories.Multivariate analysis found that BMI was the only factor associated with statistically significant relation to response after six month of treatment. Higher BMI associated with a lower response for BASDAI50 (p value <0.001) and for NSAID50 (p value<0.001). this study show that other variables are not statically significant to predict response to treatment six months after initiation of Infliximab. Number of patient who didn’t respond to treatment with infliximab was higher among patients with higher BMI.

شيوع متلازمة الم الليف العضلي بين عينة من النساء العراقيات المصابات بالعقم == Prevalence of Fibromyalgia among a Sample of Women with Infertility

Author name: رسل عبد الامير شاكر
Supervisor name: نزار عبد اللطيف جاسم | الاء حازم بدر
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Fibromyalgia is the current term for chronic widespreadmusculoskeletal pain for which no alternative cause can be identified, itfrequently affects women of fertile age. Fibromyalgia is a debilitating andfrustrating syndrome that is usually triggered by psychological orphysical stressful events. Infertility is failure to achieve pregnancy in a 12month period for patients under 35 years of age and failure to conceive ina 6 months period for the over 35 years that causes major psychosocialimpact on infertile person life whether male or female.Aims of the studyTo estimate the prevalence of fibromyalgia among a sample ofinfertile women; and to study its correlation with age, duration ofmarriage, and duration and type of infertility.Patients and MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted in Kamal Al - SamarraeeInfertility Center & Infertility Clinic in Baghdad Teaching Hospital on202 infertile women. Personal information, sociodemographic featuresand obstetrical history of each patient were recorded and fibromyalgiawas diagnosed according to 2012 Canadian Guidelines for Diagnosis andManagement of Fibromyalgia.ResultsFibromyalgia was reported in 48 women (23.8%). There wassignificant association between fibromyalgia and age (P=0.023), longerduration of marriage (P=0.001) and longer duration of infertilityVIII(P=0.04), but no significant association with type of infertility whetherprimary or secondary(P=0.32).ConclusionsThe prevalence of fibromyalgia among infertile women was higher than reported in general population and its occurrence was significantly associated with age, longer duration of marriage and infertility.

تاثير القلق او الاكتئاب او كلاهما على الالم والتيبس والوظيفة البدنية لعينة من المرضى المصابين بالفصال العظمي الاولي للركبة : دراسة مقطعية عرضية == Impact of Anxiety and/or Depression symptoms on Pain, Stiffness, and Physical Function in Patients with Primary Osteoarthritis of The Knee : A Cross Sectional Study

Author name: عياء عبد الامير محمد
Supervisor name: سامي سلمان شهاب
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Osteoarthritis is the most common articular disease of thedeveloped countries and a leading cause of pain and disability. The presenceof anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with osteoarthritis canadversely affect pain and physical function. There is also a proposed adverseeffect of anxiety and depression symptoms on joint stiffness.Objective : To examine the effect of anxiety and/or depression on pain,stiffness, and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Patients and Methods : A cross - sectional study was conducted on a totalof 101 patients with diagnosis of primary knee osteoarthritis according tothe American College of Rheumatology criteria. Each patient completed theWestern Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) Indexand the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist - 25 for anxiety and depression (HSCL - 25). The presence of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms was determined,and their effects on the WOMAC scores were assessed.Results : According to the study, 83.2% of patients were found to haveanxiety and/or depression symptoms while only 16.8% have no symptoms ofthese disorders. Patients with anxiety symptoms only had significantlyhigher mean pain score than those with none (p. value = 0.042). while theeffect of anxiety symptoms only on the mean physical function, stiffness,and total WOMAC scores was not statistically significant, (p .value = 0.18,0.87, 0.08) respectively. Patients with depression symptoms only hadsignificantly higher mean pain, physical function, and total WOMAC scoresas compared with those with none, (p .value = 0.044, 0.021, 0.013)respectively. While there is no statistically significant effect for the presenceof depression symptoms only on mean stiffness score (p. value = 0.094).Patients who have symptoms of both anxiety and depression had higherABSTRACTVIImean pain, physical function, stiffness, and total WOMAC scores comparedwith those with none , (p. value <0.001, <0.001, =0.013, <0.001). The totalnumber of patients with anxiety and/or depression symptoms hadsignificantly higher mean pain, physical function, stiffness, and totalWOMAC scores as compared with those with none, (p. value <0.001, <0.001, =0.01, <0.001) respectively. After performing multiple logistic regressions to control any confounding effect, the pain, Stiffness and total WOMAC scores were significantly associated with the presence of anxiety and or depression, (P. value<0.05), after adjustment for other variables.Conclusions : 1. According to anxiety and depression scores most of the patients with KOA had anxiety or depression symptoms or both.2. The presence of anxiety and/or depression symptoms was associated with significantly higher pain, stiffness, and total WOMAC scores, but the association with physical function scores was not significant.

العلامات البيولوجية لسايتوم النواة الصغيرة الشدقي في عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بداء الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية == Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Assay in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Author name: احمد خالد محمد
Supervisor name: زياد شفيق الراوي | فائق ايشو كوريال
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: داء الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية هو مرض مجموعي منيع للذات مع تداخل عوامل وراثية وبيئية في عملية امراض الداء. عدة دراسات اكدت وجود تضرر في الدنا عند مرضى داء الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية.الهدف : لتقييم المورفولوجيا الخلوية والنووية لعينة من مرضى داء الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية من خلال المقايسة العددية للنواة الصغيرة الشدقية ولتقييم اثر خصائص المرضى على التغيرات النووية ان وجدت.المرضى والطرائق : شملت الدراسة 58 مريضا عراقيا مصابا بداء الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية و58 شخصا سويا كمجموعة ضبط متوافقة من حيث العمر والجنس.تم اخذ التاريخ المرضي الكامل واجراء الفحص السريري التام لكل افراد المجموعتين. ووثقت خصائص المرضى (العمر، والجنس، ومعيار كتلة الجسم، ومدة المرض، ومعامل مجموعة تقدير الذئبة للجزر البريطانية (بيلاج) لعام 2004، والتاريخ العائلي للامراض المنيعة للذات، والادوية المستعملة). تكون بروتوكول المقايسة العددية للنواة الصغيرة الشدقية من : جمع الخلايا من كلا الشدقين بواسطة ملوق خشبي وتحضير مباشر للشرائح مع تثبيت الخلايا بواسطة الكحول المطلق بواقع شريحتين لكل شخص. احتسبت 1000 خلية لكل شخص لتقدير تكرار النوى الصغيرة لديه. تم تلوين الخلايا بواسطة طريقة الفولغين - الثينوين المختصة بالدنا. تم التحري في الخلايا المفحوصة عن التشوهات النووية (النوى الصغيرة، والبراعم النووية، وازدواجية النواة، والخلايا القاعدية والمتخصصة، والكروماتين المكثف، والخلايا ممزقة النواة، والخلايا المتغلظة والخلايا حالة النواة).النتائج : اظهر مرضى الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية ارتفاعا واضحا في تكرار الخلايا ذات النوى الصغيرة (القيمة الاحتمالية اقل من 0.0001)، والبراعم النووية (القيمة الاحتمالية اقل من 0.0001)، وازدواج النواة (القيمة الاحتمالية اقل من 0.0001)، والخلايا القاعدية (القيمة الاحتمالية اقل من 0.0001)، والكروماتين المكثف (القيمة الاحتمالية اقل من 0.0001)، والخلايا ممزقة النواة (القيمة الاحتمالية اقل من 0.0001)، والخلايا المتغلظة (القيمة الاحتمالية=0.012)، والخلايا حالة النواة (القيمة الاحتمالية اقل من 0.0001) اكثر مما لدى مجموعة الضبط. لم يكن هناك تاثير معتد به للعمر او معياركتلة الجسم او مدة المرض او معامل مجموعة تقدير الذئبة للجزر البريطانية 2004 او الادوية المستعملة على عدد النوى الصغيرة ضمن مجموعات المرضى. كما اظهر البحث ان فحص المقايسة العددية للنواة الصغيرة الشدقية حساس ومعتد به في التحري عن داء الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية (القيمة الاحتمالية اقل من 0.01).الاستنتاج : مرضى الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية لديهم ارتفاع ذو اعتداد عال في الوسمات الحيوية لضرر الدنا وعيوب الحرائك الخلوية والكوامن التكاثرية والموت الخلوي بالمقارنة مع مجموعة الضبط. لا يوجد تاثير لخصائص المرضى على التشوهات النووية. فحص المقايسة العددية للنواة الصغيرة الشدقية هو طريقة حساسة وغير باضعة وبسيطة جدا يمكن استعمالها في التحري عن داء الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية | Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with both genetic and environmental factors implicated in disease pathogenesis. Several studies have addressed the presence of deoxynuclic acid (DNA) damage in SLE patients.ObjectivesTo assess cellular and nuclear morphology in a sample of SLE patients by buccal micronucleus cytome assay and to evaluate effect of patients' disease characteristics on nuclear abnormalities if present.Patients and methodsFifty eight Iraqi SLE patients and 58 healthy controls matched in age and sex were included in this study. Full history was taken and complete physical examination was done for individuals in both groups. Patients' baseline characteristics [Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), disease duration, British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) 2004 score, family history of autoimmune diseases, and medications used] were recorded. The buccal micronucleus cytome assay protocol consisted of : cell collection from both cheeks with a wooden spatula; direct slide preparation and fixation with absolute alcohol. Two slides were prepared for every subject and 1000 cells were evaluated per subject to determine the micronucleus (MN) frequencies. Slides were stained with the DNA - specific Feulgen - thionin method. Cells were screened for nuclear abnormalities : micronuclei, nuclear buds, binucleation, basal and differentiated cells, condensed chromatin, karyorrhectic cells, pyknotic cells, and karyolytic cells.ResultsPatients with SLE showed significantly higher frequencies of micronuclei (p<0.0001), nuclear buds (p<0.0001), binucleated cells (p<0.0001), basal cells (p<0.0001), cells with condensed chromatin (p<0.0001), karyorrhectic cells (p<0.0001), pyknotic (p<0.012) and karyolytic cells (p<0.0001) than the control group. Patient's age, BMI, SLE disease duration, BILAG2004 score, and drugs used had no significant effect on micronucleus groups (p>0.05). Buccal micronucleus cytome was significant and sensitive method for SLE screening (p<0.01).ConclusionsSLE patients had a highly significant increase in the biomarkers of DNA damage, cytokinetic defects, proliferative potential, and cell death compared to controls. No significant effect of patients' baseline characteristics on nuclear abnormality. Buccal micronucleus cytome was a sensitive, non - invasive, and very simple method that can be used for SLE screening.

تقييم وظيفة اليدين لدى عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي == Assessment of Hand Function in a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Author name: محمد صاحب حسن
Supervisor name: خضير زغير معيوف البدري
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي هو احد الامراض المنيعة للذات المجموعية المزمنة التي تؤثر على الغشاء الزليلي للمفاصل وكذلك الاجهزة والاعضاء الاخرى. يؤثر هذا المرض عادة على مفاصل اليدين والقدمين الصغيرة ويؤدي الى ضرر للمفاصل متعذر العكس مع التشوه والاعتلال الوظيفي.وظيفة اليدين تشكل ميدانا هاما من الحالة الصحية لمرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي واحد المحددات الرئيسة لنوعية حياتهم. لذلك فان تقييم وظيفة اليد هو جزء اساسي في متابعة مرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي وقياس استجابتهم للعلاج.وقد وضعت العديد من المقاييس لتقييم وظيفة اليد. هذه المقاييس هي اما استبيانات تقرير ذاتي، او اختبارات قائمة على الاداء، او مزيج من الاثنين معا. لكل مقياس منها نقاط قوة ونقاط ضعف. احد المقاييس المقبولة على نطاق واسع، والمذكور في كتاب منهجي شائع، يشمل اختبارات سريرية بسيطة لتقييم وظيفة اليد : قبضة المفتاح، مسكة الكرة، مسكة القلم، قوة القرص، وقوة القبضة.الاهدافتهدف هذه الدراسة الى تحديد العوامل التي تؤثر على وظيفة اليدين في عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي، وتقييم ترابط اختبارات وظيفة اليد السريرية مع بعضها البعض في نفس العينة.المرضى والطرائقتم اجراء دراسة مقطعية على 116 مريضا عراقيا مصابا بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي، تم اختيار المرضى عشوائيا، جميعهم استوفوا معايير الكلية الامريكية لامراض المفاصل لتصنيف التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي لعام 1987 المعدلة، ومعايير الكلية الامريكية لامراض المفاصل / الرابطة لاوروبية ضد الروماتيزم لتصنيف التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي لعام 2010. تم استبعاد المرضى الذين يعانون من امراض وحالات اخرى التي قد تؤثر على وظيفة اليد.تم تقييم المرضى وجمع المعلومات التالية : العمر، سيادة اليد، محيط الساعدين، مدة المرض، مدة التيبس الصباحي، العلاج الحالي، تشوهات اليدين، درجة فعالية المرض (DAS28)، العامل الروماتويدي (RF)، ومرحلة ستاينبروكر (Steinbrocker) لتقدم المرض اعتمادا على التصوير الشعاعي. تم احتساب درجة تشوه اليدين لجمع كل تشوهات اليدين في قيمة واحدة.تم تقييم وظيفة اليدين من خلال ثلاثة اختبارات شخصانية (قبضة المفتاح، مسكة القلم ومسكة الكرة) واختبارين موضوعيين (قوة القرص وقوة القبضة، مقاستان باجهزة قياس متخصصة).اجري التحليل الاحصائي باستخدام برامج الكمبيوتر المتخصصة.النتائجاظهرت الدراسة ان لاختبارات وضائف اليد الموضوعية (معدل قوة القبضة ومعدل قوة القرص) ترابطا عكسيا معتدا معتدل القوة مع درجة تشوه اليدين (r= - 0.459 , p<0.001 او افضل) ودرجة فعالية المرض (DAS28) (, p<0.001 r= - 0.572او افضل) ، وترابطا عكسيا معتدا ضعيفا مع مدة المرض (, p<0.001 r= - 0.248او افضل) ومدة التيبس الصباحي (, p<0.001 r= - 0.312او افضل) ومرحلة ستاينبروكر لتقدم المرض شعاعيا (p<0.001 r= - 0.36 ,او افضل)، وترابطا طرديا معتدا ضعيفا مع محيط الساعدين (p<0.001 r= - 0.312 ,او افضل).كما اظهرت الدراسة ان اختبارات وضائف اليد الموضوعية تتحسن كلما طالت فترة تعاطي العقار البيولوجي اتانرسبت (Etanercept) في المرضى الذين يستخدمون هذا العلاج، الا ان هذا الترابط لم يكن معتدا به احصائيا عند احتساب جميع المرضى في عينة الدراسة.واظهرت الدراسة ان لمتوسط رتبة الاعاقة في اختبارات وضائف اليد الشخصانية ترابطا طرديا معتدا ضعيفا مع درجة تشوه اليدين (p=0.002 او اقل،r=0.283 او اكثر)، ودرجة فعالية المرض (DAS28) (p=0.013 او اقل،r=0.296 او اكثر)، ومدة التيبس الصباحي (p=0.015 او اقل،r=0.226 او اكثر)، ومدة العلاج بعقار الاتانرسبت (Etanercept) (p=0.046 او اقل،r=0.186 او اكثر).لم يكن لاختبارات وضائف اليد الشخصانية ترابط معتد به مع عمر المريض، مدة المرض، ومرحلة ستاينبروكر لتقدم المرض شعاعيا. كما لم يكن هناك فرق معتد به في اختبارات وضائف اليد الموضوعية والشخصانية بين اليد السائدة وغير السائدة، وبين المرضى ذوي نتيجة ايجابية للعامل الروماتويدي وذوي النتيجة السلبية.و اظهر البحث ان لجميع اختبارات وضائف اليد ترابطا معتدا به مع بعضها البعض (p<0.001 ،r=0.334 او افضل) وخصوصا ترابط قوة القبضة مع قوة القرص اذ كان الاقوى (p<0.001 ، r=0.788 ). | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting the synovium of joints as well as other organs. It commonly affects the small joints of the hands and feet, and results in irreversible joint damage, deformity, and functional impairment. Hand function is an important domain of the health status of RA patients and a key determinant of their quality of life. Assessment of hand function, therefore, is an essential part in the follow - up of RA patients and in gauging their response to treatment.Numerous measures were developed to evaluate the hand function. These measures are either self - report questionnaires, performance - based tests, or combinations of both. Each measure has its own strengths and weaknesses. One widely accepted measure, suggested by a popular textbook, includes simple clinical tests to assess hand function : Key grip, ball grasp, pen grasp, pinch grip and grip strength.ObjectivesThis study aims to determine the factors affecting the hand function in a sample of Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and to evaluate the correlation between the clinical tests of hand function in the same sample.Patients and methodsA cross - sectional study was conducted on 116 randomly selected Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis fulfilling the 1987 Revised ACR Criteria for Classification of Rheumatoid Arthritis and the 2010 ACR / EULAR criteria for rheumatoid arthritis. Patients with other conditions that can affect the hand function were excluded.Patients were evaluated for age, hand dominance, forearm circumference, duration of illness, duration of morning stiffness, current treatment, fixed hand deformities, DAS28, RF seropositivity and Steinbrocker’s radiographic progression stage. A novel score was used to combine all hand deformities into one value.Hand function was assessed by three subjective tests (key grip, pen grasp and ball grasp) and two objective tests (pinch strength and grip strength, measured by specialized dynamometers).Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 20 and Excel 2013 computer software.ResultsObjective hand function tests (mean grip strength and mean pinch strength) had a significant moderate negative correlation with the score of hand deformities (p<0.001, r= - 0.459 or better) and DAS28 (p<0.001, r= - 0.572 or better), and a significant weak negative correlation with disease duration (p<0.001, r= - 0.248 or better), duration of morning stiffness (p<0.001, r= - 0.312 or better) and Steinbrocker’s radiographic progression stage (p<0.001, r= - 0.36 or better), and a significant weak positive correlation with forearm circumference (p<0.001, r=0.344 or better).Objective hand function parameters seemed to improve with the duration of Etanercept therapy among patients using Etanercept, although this correlation was not statistically significant for the whole study sample.The mean ranks of impairment of subjective hand function tests showed a significant weak positive correlation with the score of hand deformities (p=0.002 or less, r=0.283 or more), DAS28 (p=0.013 or less, r=0.296 or more), duration of morning stiffness (p=0.015 or less, r=0.226 or more) and duration of Etanercept therapy (p=0.046 or less, r=0.186 or more). The mean ranks of impairment of subjective hand function tests showed mostly no significant correlation with age, disease duration and Steinbrocker’s radiographic progression stage. There was no significant difference in both objective and subjective hand function parameters between the dominant and non - dominant hand and between RF positive and RF negative patients.All five hand function tests showed a significant correlation with each other (p<0.001, r= - 0.334 or better) with the strongest correlation being between pinch strength and grip strength (p<0.001, r=0.788).

علاقة مستوى فيتامين د وهورمون النحافه مع مرض فصال الركبه الاولي في مجموعه من النساء العراقيات == ASSOCIATION OF VITAMIN )D( AND SERUM LEPTIN LEVELS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS IN A SAMPLE OF IRAQI FEMALES

Author name: زهراء عبد الله
Supervisor name: سامي سلمان شهاب
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a biomechanical process whereby joints respond pathologically mechanical stress, resulting in cartilage degradation and changes in subchondral bone. It has many risk factors as known female gender, obesity, and aging. Vitamin D may exert its effect on OA through bone; its deficiency could impair the ability of bone to respond optimally to insults. Leptin is a peptide hormone secreted by adipocytes and plays an important role in regulation of body weight, its level more in obese subjects and female gender regardless of obesity, so it may play a metabolic link between obesity and osteoarthritis. So both vitamin deficiency and increase leptin level may be risk factors for osteoarthritis Objective : To examine the cross - sectional association of vitamin D and serum leptin levels in a sample of Iraqi female with knee osteoarthritis.Method : A total of 180 women divided into 2 groups 90 subjects the first group for vitamin D levels and 90 subjects the second group for serum leptin levels and each group further classified into patients and equal number of their matched healthy controls in age and sex.In each group osteoarthritis was diagnosed according to ACR criteria for osteoarthritis and their body mass index (BMI) classified according to WHO classification of BMI into 3 groups : normal weight, overweight, obese Radiological grading done according to kellegren and Laurence radiological classification for osteoarthritis. Both vitamin D and leptin levels were assessed using ELIZA method.The first group (vitamin D and osteoarthritis) mean vitamin D levels in cases (45cases) were (0.309_+0.641) compared to (0.2614_+0.386) in controls. So vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among cases and controls and its level was inversely associated with body mass index, the deficiency was more severe among female in obese and overweight than normal weight.Associations of vitamin D levels with radiological grading, cases with grade ||| and |\/ are more deficiency than grade ||.The second group (serum leptin level and osteoarthritis), leptin was significantly higher in cases compared to controls, the mean serum leptin was (52.41_+28.26) and (40.39_+ 25.67) respectively. Its level directly correlated with body mass index, higher levels in obese and overweight than normal weight subjects, the difference was significant among both cases and controls.Association of leptin levels with radiological grading, the mean serum leptin was higher in cases with grade ||| , |\/ than grade ||.Conclusion : Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent among middle age Iraqi women, so it is difficult to establish a clear association between vitamin D deficiency and osteoarthritis in this study, and the deficiency was more in women with higher body mass index.Serum leptin level was higher in osteoarthritis women than their matched controls, and its level directly associated with increased in body mass index

اضطرابات الغدة الدرقية في مرضى الذئبة الحمامي المجموعي

Author name: هند عدنان محمد
Supervisor name: خضير زغير معيوف البدري
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Thyroid hormone abnormalities had been shown to be more frequent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), hence, performance of thyroid function tests in patients with SLE, as a part of the biochemical and immunological profiles, may help in early detection of associated thyroid disorders.Aim of the Study : To assess the thyroid hormone abnormalities in a group of systemic lupus erythematosus Iraqi patients.Patients and Methods : A case - control study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching hospital, Department of Rheumatology during the period from September 2016 to July 2017. Including 58 SLE patients and 60 controls who met the inclusion criteria. After ethical approval, data were collected using a preconstructed data collection sheet, questionnaire included demographic and clinical data of the patients and controls. Thyroid function tests, complete blood count, ESR, anti - double - strand DNA and complement C3 and C4 test were performed. Statistical analysis was done using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) v.24.Results : The mean age of the studied groups was 28.26 ± 7.1 years and 29.18 ± 6.3 years in SLE and control groups, respectively. No statistically significant differences between both groups had been found in age, BMI, or other demographic variables (P>0.05). Abnormal thyroid function was significantly more frequent in SLE patients (25.9%) than controls (5%), (P< 0.05). Primary hypothyroidism and Subclinical hypothyroidism were the more frequent disorder in SLE patients; 6/15 nd 5/15, respectively, each of subclinical hyperthyroidism and primary hyperthyroidism was reported in 2/15 SLE patients. Prednisolone and Hydroxychloroquine were the more frequently used medications among the SLE patients and were insignificantly associated with abnormal thyroid function in SLE patients, (P>0.05). High ESR was reported,, Leucopenia , high Anti dsDNA , low C3 and low C4 and Lymphopenia were reported in SLE patients. While all of SLE patients were ANA +ve and none of them had thrombocytopenia.Conclusions : Thyroid dysfunction was more frequent in SLE Iraqi patients compared to healthy population and the primary hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were the more frequent types.

التاثيرات الصحية لداء الفقار المقسط على جودة الحياة والاداء الوظيفي للمرضى العراقيين == Health - Related Quality of Life and Work Outcome in Iraqi Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

Author name: نورا صباح مهدي
Supervisor name: نزار عبد اللطيف جاسم
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease, mainly affecting the axial skeleton, and less frequently the peripheral joints, entheses as well as other extra - articular organs such as the eyes, heart and lungs. AS has a considerable effect on the individual’s healthrelated quality of life. Work disabled patients with AS experience a significantly reduced quality of life.Objective : To evaluate health - related quality of life and factors influencing it in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis, as well as, to assess work outcome and its correlation with quality of life in AS patients.Patients and Methods : A case - control study was conducted at the Rheumatology Unit in Baghdad Teaching Hospital during the period from August 2017 to March 2018. A total of 168 patients (151 male : 17 female) with Ankylosing Spondylitis were enrolled in the study, all of them fulfilled the modified New York criteria for Ankylosing Spondylitis, and Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) classification criteria for axial spondyloarthropathy, and compared with 169 healthy controls (149 male : 20 female) matched for age and sex. Socio - demographic and clinical data of the patients and controls were collected. Health - related quality of life and work outcome were evaluated by the medical outcome survey short form - 36 (SF - 36) and work productivity and activity impairment - specific health problem (WPAI - SHP) scores respectively.Results : the mean age of the studied groups was 37.4 ± 9.4 years and 36.9 ± 9.5 years in Ankylosing Spondylitis and control groups, respectively. The median disease duration in AS patients was 11.3 ± 7.6. The quality of life in Ankylosing Spondylitis patients on all the scales of the short form 36 (SF - 36), was significantly worse than in the control group. Mental health quality of life was mostly affected than physical health overall. Role - physical was the most affected subscale of the short form - 36 (SF - 36). Male gender, smoking,fatigue, bath Ankylosing Spondylitis functional index (BASFI), treatment with biologics (anti - tumor necrosis factor) were significantly associated with the components of physical & mental health - related quality of life. Of 168 patients, 126 were employed (75%). Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis reported work absenteeism loss, work productivity loss, overall work impairment, and daily activity impairment of 9.19%, 48.17%, 36.19%, 50.82% respectively. Work productivity and activity impairment - specific health problem (WPAI - SHP) summary scores were significantly correlated with all scores of quality of life (short form - 36).Conclusions : Ankylosing Spondylitis has negative impact on patients’ healthrelated quality of life, affecting both physical & mental health. Male gender, smoking, fatigue, poor functional status, treatment with biologics were the most associated factors with better or worse quality of life in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. AS has a significant effect on working conditions, quality of life has a direct relationship with a patient’s ability to work.

تقييم نوعية الحياة لدى المرضى العراقيين المصابين بمرض بهجت وعلاقتها مع فاعلية المرض == Quality of life assessment in Iraqi patients with Behçet’s disease and its relationship with disease activity

Author name: میس عجیل جبار
Supervisor name: فائق ايشو كوريال
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Behçet’s disease is a multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent exacerbations affecting mucocutaneous tissues, eyes, blood vessels, and several other tissues. Among them, vascular and nervous system involvement are the most common causes of mortality in Behçet’s disease. The previous studies have shown that Quality of Life in patients with Behçet disease was negatively affected by the disease.Aim of the study : To evaluate Quality of Life in patients with Behçet’s disease compared with healthy controls, To assess the correlation of Quality of Life with organ involvements of Behçet’s disease and To assess the effect of demographic and clinical features of Behçet’s disease on Quality of Life. Patients and Methods : A case - control study was conducted at the Rheumatology Unit of Baghdad Teaching Hospital in Medical City from July 2017 to January 2018 . A total of seventy - one consecutive patients (45 male : 26 female) were classified as Behçet’s disease by fulfilling the International Study Group criteria 1990 for Behçet’s disease and compared with seventy - one healthy controls (45 male : 26 female) matched for age and gender. After acquiring their consent, findings were gathered using a preconstructed data collection sheet for patients and controls that evaluate Age, gender, smoking status, disease duration, age at disease onset, Behçet’s disease organ involvements were reported. Disease activity was assessed using Behçet's disease current activity form and health - related quality - of - life was evaluated using The Short Form - 36 (SF - 36) .Results : All the components of Short Form - 36 (SF - 36) , it’s summary scores and Total Short Form - 36 (Total SF - 36) score was significantly lower ( p - value <0.001 ) in patients compared to control . Patients with eye involvement had significantly higher Physical functioning (p - value = 0.023), role - physical ( p - value <0.001), and bodily pain (p - value <0.010) subscores when compared to those without eye involvement. Patients with skin involvement did not show a significant impairment in all SF - 36 subscales when compared to those without skin involvement. Behçet's disease Patients with articular involvement, Physical functioning (p - value = 0.027), bodily pain (p - value <0.001), and general health (p - value = 0.018) subscores are significantly impaired when compared to those without articular involvement .Behçet’s disease patients with myalgia, Physical functioning (p - value = 0.001), bodily pain (p - value = 0.018), and vitality (p - value = 0.038) subscores are significantly impaired when compared to those without myalgia. patients with Central nervous system involvement, physical functioning (p - value = 0.006), rolephysical (p - value <0.001), bodily pain (p - value = 0.001) , general health (p - value = 0.001) and vitality (p - value = 0.042) subscores are significantly impaired when compared to those without Central nervous system involvement. There are certain demographic and treatment modalities had a significant positive impact on Total SF - 36 score : Male gender (p - value = 0.020) , use of cyclosporine (p - value = 0.043 ), use of infliximab (p - value = 0.001), and use of adalimumab (p - value = 0.001) . While others had a significant negative impact on Total SF - 36 score : Disease duration (pvalue = 0.019) , Behçet’s Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF) (p - value = 0.043 ), and use of Mycophenolate mofetil (p - value = 0.043 ).

تقييم نسبة خلايا الدم المتعادلة الى الخلايا اللمفاوية وعرض توزيع الصفائح الدموية كعلامات التهابية في عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بمتلازمة الالم الليفي العضلي == Evaluation of blood neutrophil - lymphocyte ratio and platelet distribution width as inflammatory markers in a sample of Iraqi patients with fibromyalgia

Author name: فادية علي شعلان
Supervisor name: زياد شفيق الراوي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Fibromyalgia syndrome is a diminished quality of life related to generalized body pain with physical and psychological symptoms that occurs in the absence of a clear pathologic cause. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is a simple parameter to assess easily the inflammatory status of a subjects. Platelet distribution width is a regular parameter in blood routine examination which reflects variation of platelet size distribution. Mean platelet volume is a part of the complete blood count test and correlates with the platelets function and activation.Objective : To evaluate Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, Platelet distribution width and Mean platelet volume in patients with Fibromyalgia as an inflammatory markers.Patients and Methods : This case - controlled study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Unit of Rheumatology, from July 2017 till November 2017. A total of 100 Iraqi patients with Fibromyalgia diagnosed according to 2012 Canadian Guidelines in addition to 50 healthy subjects worked as a control group were recruited. Data were collected using a paper clinical research form through interview and questionnaires. It consisted of two parts : the first part for the demographic data and full history, the second part laboratory data when the samples collected and sent for laboratories to obtain Platelet distribution width and Mean platelet volume while Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was calculated manually.Results : The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher among patients with fibromyalgia (2.18) compared to healthy controls (1.92) (p =0.033). The Mean platelet volume was significantly higher in patients with fibromyalgia (8.3) compared to healthy controls (8) (p =0.045). In contrast, the Platelet distribution width was significantly lower among patients with fibromyalgia (16.7) compared to healthy controls (17) (p=0.01). No statistically significant differences had been found in demographic variables. None of the tested parameters qualified as an acceptable test for predicting a diagnosis of fibromyalgia, since the Receiver operating characteristic area associated with any of them did not reach the minimum value of (0.65).Conclusions : The Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is significantly higher in fibromyalgia patients compared to the healthy controls. The Mean platelet volume is significantly higher in the patients compared to the controls. The Platelet distribution width was significantly lower among the patients compared to the healthy controls. None of these tested parameters qualified as an acceptable test for predicting a diagnosis of Fibromyalgia.

العلاقة بين الخصائص السريرية وبروز القرص القطني وانتقامة المثبت بفحص الرنين المغناطيسي == The Relationship between Clinical Features and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Proven Lumbar Disc Bulging and Herniation

Author name: ابان ناظم علي
Supervisor name: خضير زغير معيوف البدري
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Lumbar disc herniation is one of the commonest causes of low backpain. The Magnetic resonance imaging is a gold standard noninvasiveinvestigation for viewing lumbar anatomy and physiology in great details.Obesity is strongly linked to biomechanical changes that damage thespine and contribute to a range of spinal diseases including intervertebraldisc herniation.Aim of the studyTo evaluate the effects of body mass index and waist to hip ratio on thepresence, extent and severity of lumbar disc bulging and herniation as wellas to determine the relationship between clinical features and magneticresonance imaging proven lumbar disc bulging and herniation.Patients and methodsA cross - sectional study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital,Rheumatology Unit during the period from October 2017 to May 2018. Atotal of 100 patients with lumbar disc bulging and herniation proven by MRIwere included in this study. The patients were examined neurologically andtheir body mass index was calculated as well as the waist to hip ratio.ResultsThe magnetic resonance imaging findings demonstrated that (72%) ofthe studied group had disc bulge, (13%) had disc protrusion and (15%) haddisc extrusion with no cases of disc sequestration. Multiple discinvolvements were seen in (73%) of those patients. The correlation betweenbody mass index and the total disc bulge/extrusion score was statisticallysignificant. There was a significant association between neurological deficitand body mass index as well as between straight leg raising test, femoralVIstretch test, neurological deficit and the waist to hip ratio. On the other hand,there was no significant association between clinical features and nerve root compression for patients with both normal body mass index as well as overweight and obese ones, although the frequency of patients with positive clinical findings was higher in patients with nerve root compression but the difference did not reach the significant level (P - value >0.05). The sensitivity of straight leg raising test, femoral stretch test and crossed straight leg raising test were (39.6%), (25.3%) and (6.6%) respectively.ConclusionsThere is an increase in the likelihood of having lumbar disc herniation and its global severity in overweight and obese patients. The clinical findings were more severe in overweight and obese patients especially in patients with central obesity. There was no significant association between the clinical features and the nerve root compression in patients with both normal body mass index as well as overweight and obese ones. The type of disc displacement associated poorly with clinical signs and symptoms as well as with the obesity.

العلاقة بين متلازمة الالم الليفي العضلي والبهاق : دراسة مقدمة الى كلية الطب - جامعة بغداد - قسم الامراض الباطنية == Relationship Between Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Vitiligo

Author name: علا سفير خضير
Supervisor name: عمار فيصل حميد
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common, chronic, and highly disabling syndrome characterized with chronic widespread pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction and mood disorders. Vitiligo is an acquired pigment disorder which causes disfigurement to skin and negative effect on quality of life (QOL) for patients. There is no previous study on relationship between FMS and vitiligo.Objective : To assess relationship between FMS and vitiligo in a sample of Iraqi patients and to evaluate the predictors of this relationship if present.Patients and methods : A case controlled study involved 100 Iraqi patients with vitiligo and 200 healthy individuals matched for age and sex as a control group. The 2012 Canadian Guidelines criteria were used for the diagnosis of FMS and applied to all Vitiligo patients and controls included in the study. Baseline characteristics of patients with vitiligo and controls were recorded in form of : age, sex, employment condition, and marital status. Body mass index (BMI) was measured for both groups. Patients with vitiligo were fully assessed for : type, duration, severity of disease and medications used.Results : Prevalence of FMS in a sample of Iraqi patients with vitiligo was12% compared to 7% in controls (p=0.15, OR=1.81,95% CI=0.8 - 4.08). FMS symptoms in vitiligo patients were : fatigue 46%, diffuse body pain 34%, sleep disturbance 33%, cognitive dysfunction in 30%, mood disorders 23%, and visceral symptoms : central nervous system (CNS) 52%, skin 35%, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) 32%, cardiovascular system - respiratory system (CVS - RS) 16%, genitourinary tract(GUT) 8%, and ear nose throat (ENT) 7%).There was significant association between the FMS in vitiligo patients and : females with vitiligo 22.2% compared to none among males with vitiligo 0% (P

تاثير عقار الكولجسين بالاضافه الى الاسيتامينوفين مع الاسيتامينوفين وحده على مستوى الالم التصلب والوظيفة البدنية لمرضى فصال الركبه الاولى : دراسة مقارنة == Effects of Colchicine Plus Acetaminophen and Acetaminophen Alone on Pain, Stiffness and Physical Function in Patients with Primary Osteoarthritis of the Knees : A Comparative Study

Author name: كوثر رفيع حربي
Supervisor name: سامي سلمان شهاب
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disorder of multifactorial etiology characterized by loss of articular cartilage. Basic calcium phosphate (BCP) and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals are commonly found in osteoarthritic joints. These crystals have been found in the synovial fluid of 60% of patients with knee OA. Inflammation in OA is frequently secondary to the presence of these crystals, and leads to the production of interleukin - 1 (IL - 1), an important mediator of cartilage breakdown in OA. Previous studies referred to a slow acting disease/structure - modifying effects of colchicine in knee OA. Aim of the studyTo examine the effect of combined colchicine plus acetaminophen compared with acetaminophen alone on pain, stiffness, and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis after a 1month treatment course, and after 1 month of stopping the treatment.Patients and methods A randomized, double blind study included 150 patients were diagnosed to have knee OA according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for classification of (KOA).Patients were randomly assigned to receive acetaminophen 500mg containing capsule twice daily in the 1stgroup (70 patients),and colchicine 0.5mg plus acetaminophen 500mg in one capsule twice daily in the 2ndgroup (80 patients). The efficacy outcome measure was the change in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) including the pain, stiffness and physical function subscales.Results Both acetaminophen and acetaminophen plus colchicine groups showed significant reduction in the pain, stiffness , physical function and total WOMAC score in the 2nd visit (after 1 month of treatment regimen) (P<0.001).At the third visit one month after cessation of treatment these scores increased again to approximate the baseline value in group 1, while slightly increased in group2, the differences in these scores between the baseline and 3rd visit values were statistically insignificant, (P˃0.05) in group 1 while it still highly significant in group 2, (P<0.001).ConclusionBoth modes of treatment acetaminophen alone or acetaminophen plus colchicine are effective in symptomatic improvement in patients with primary osteoarthritis of the knee in term of pain, stiffness, physical function and total WOMAC score. But the better beneficial symptomatic effect and longer period of action was obtained when colchicine added to acetaminophen than acetaminophen alone.

انتشار اكتناف العين لدى عينة من المرضى العراقيين البالغين المصابين بمتلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد == Prevalence of Ocular Involvement in a Sample of Iraqi Adult Patients With Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome

Author name: ايناس عدنان مجيد
Supervisor name: محمد هادي العصامي | نجاح كاظم القريشي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: خلفية البحث : تعرف متلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد بانها اضطراب النسيج الضام الوراثي الذي يتميز بالام عضليه هيكليه ونطاق المرونه المفرطه في المفاصل , الكثير من مظاهر العين موجوده عند مرضى متلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد بعضها مشهورة الترابط مع المرض والاخرى مخبر عنها في تقارير حاله .الهدف : تقييم انتشار وخصائص اكتناف العين لدى عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بمتلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد .المرضى والطرائق : شملت الدراسة ( 300) فرد في الدراسه المقطعيه , )100( مريض بمتلازمه فرط المرونه و)200 (من الافراد الاصحاء وهم مطابقين في العمر والجنس للمجموعه التي اخذت كمجموعه تحكم .خضع كل المرضى للفحوصات العينيه والتي تضمنت تقييم حده البصر مع مخطط سنيل , فحص القطعه الاماميه والخلفيه للعين مع مصباح سلت , فحص شيرمر , صبغه الفلورسين القرنيه وتقدير ضغط داخل العين مع مقياس توتر العين بالنفث الهوائي . تم استبعاد المرضى اللذين لديهم رضح سابق في العين اوالمرضى المصابين بفرط ضغط الدم وداء السكري او تراكب مع امراض الانسجة الضامة الاخرى او التهاب المفصل الالتهابي . جمعت بيانات المرضى الديموغرافية والسريرية بما في ذلك العمر والجنس ومعيار كتلة الجسم ,مده الاعراض , بيانات مرتبطه بمظاهر المرض الريئسيه وميزات اخرى مرتبطه بمتلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد . تم قياس تقدير مرونه المفاصل بالنسبه الى طريقه درجه بايتون لكل المشتركين في الدراسه .النتائج : من مجموع 100 مريضا مصابا بمتلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد ممن التحقوا في هذه الدراسه . تم تحديد انتشار الاخطاء الانكسارية في (%78 (, وحسر)قصر البصر(في (49%) ثم لابوريه (20%) وطول البصرفي (9%) منهم.وجدت المظاهر العينيه الاخرى المحدده جفاف العين في (15%) , بينما التهاب الجفن الامامي والخلفي في (%5) و(4%)من المرضى على التوالي .شخصت متلازمه الصباغ التشتتي في (3 %) واخر المظاهر العينيه المحدده ساد في (2%) من مرضى متلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد .ان كل النتائج السابقه ذات دلاله احصائيه ماعدا ساد حيث لم تصل الى حد الدلاله الاحصائيه .لايوجد رابط معتد بين العمر , الجنس , نوع المفصل الاكثر شيوعا ودرجه المفصل في حرز بايتون مع زياده خطر المظاهر العينيه . الاستنتاجات : مظاهر العين في عينة المرضى العراقيين المصابين بمتلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد شائعه نسبيا. ان اكتشافات العين المتعلقة بمتلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد الاكثر شيوعا هي حسر البصر ثم لابوريه ثم طول البصر .لقد كان جفاف العين , التهاب الجفن الامامي والخلفي ومتلازمه الاصباغ التشتتي وساد قليله الحدوث في متلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد . | Background : Benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder, characterized by musculoskeletal pain and an excessive range of motion in joints . Many ocular manifestations of BJHS have been described, some being well - known associations and others reported for the first time in case reports .Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence andcharacteristics of ocular involvement in a sample of Iraqi patients with BJHS. Patients and methods : A total of 300 individuals were included in this cross sectional study, 100 patients had benign hypermobility syndrome and another 200 healthy individuals matched in age and sex were taken as a control group.All patients undergone for opthalmological examination involved visual acuity assessment with Snellen chart, examination of anterior and posterior eye segments with the slit lamp, Schirmer test and corneal fluorescein staining and assessment of intraocular pressure with air puff tonometer.Patients had history of previous eye trauma, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and overlap with other connective tissue diseases or inflammatory arthritis were excluded. Demographics and clinical data were collected including age, sex, BMI duration of symptom, data related to main disease manifestations and other related features to BJHS. The assessment of joint mobility was measured according to Beighton score method for all the participants in the study.Results : A total of 100 patients with (BJHS) enrolled in this study. Prevalence of refractive errors detected in 78% patients, myopia was detected in (49%), followed by astigmatism (20%) and hypermetropia (9% ) .The other identified ocular manifestation was dry eye (15%), While anterior & posterior blepharitis (5% and 4%) respectively. Pigment dispersion syndrome diagnosed in (3%) of patients and The last identified ocular manifestation was cataract which detected in about (2%) of BJHS patients.All previous findings were statistically significant except cataract not reach to statistically significant level. There were no significant correlation between age group, gender, type of common joint involved or degree of beighton score with increase risk of ocular manifestations .Conclusions : Ocular manifestations in a sample of Iraqi patients with BJHS were relatively common. The most common BJHS - related ocular findings were Myopia followed by, Astigmatism and hypermetropia. Dry eye symptoms, anterior and posterior blepharitis, pigment dispersion syndrome and cataract are rare in patients with BJHS.

انتشار اكتناف العين لدى عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بالتصلب المجموعي == Prevalence of Ocular Involvement in a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Systemic Sclerosis

Author name: زينة يحيى جواد
Supervisor name: فائق ايشو كوريال
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc) is a severe systemic chronic connective tissue disease. Many ocular manifestations of SSc have been described, some being well - known associations and others reported for the first time in case reportsObjectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of ocular manifestations in a sample of Iraqi patients with SSc.Patients and methods : This cross - sectional study involved 50 patients with SSc diagnosed according to 2013 criteria developed by the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism for the classification of systemic sclerosis or the 1980 classification criteria for SSc, established by the American Rheumatism Society (now the American College of Rheumatology). Patients had history of previous eye trauma, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and overlap with other connective tissue diseases or inflammatory arthritis were excluded. Demographics and clinical data were collected including age, sex, BMI, disease duration and subtype, age at diagnosis, scleroderma assessment questionnaire (SAQ), medications used, blood investigations and autoantibody profile were collected, and a full ophthalmic examination was conducted. Results : A total of 50 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) were enrolled in this study. Prevalence of dry eye symptoms was 74%, keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) was 68%, eyelid skin stiffness and telangiectasia were observed in 56% and 36% respectively. Refractive errors were detected in about a quarter of cases (24%). Myopia was the most frequently identified type of refractive errors (18%), followed by astigmatism (6%) and hypermetropia (only 2% after excluding the age dependent presbyopia). Blepharitis was diagnosed in 18% of examined patients. Each of the following ocular manifestations, namely : subcapsular cataract, pterygium, conjunctival abnormalities, cataract - cortical type, uveitis (Anterior or posterior) and retinal microvascular abnormality were detected in less than 10% of cases. Positive serum anti - scleroderma 70 (anti - scl 70) antibodies significantly increased the risk of having KCS . also diffuse disease type significantly increased the risk of having eyelid skin stiffness . There were no significant correlation between patients with KCS, refractive error and eyelid skin stiffness with the other variables .Conclusions : Ocular manifestations in a sample of Iraqi patients with SSc were relatively common. The most common SSc - related ocular findings were dry eye symptoms, then KCS, followed by eyelid skin thickening and telangiectasia.

نسبة الصفيحات الدموية الى الخلايا اللمفاوية ونسبة الخلايا اللمفاوية الى الخلايا الوحيدة لدى عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بمرض بهجت == Platelet - Lymphocyte Ratio and Lymphocyte - Monocyte Ratio in a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Behçet’s Disease

Author name: زهراء مصطفى كامل
Supervisor name: فائق ايشو كوريال
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Behçet’s disease is a multi - systemic disorder, characterized bya remission and relapse , associated with a major morbidity and mortality.the principal pathological process is inflammation of blood vessels of allsizes and types (variable - vessel vasculitis).Platelet - lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte - monocyte ratio(LMR)regards simple, cheap parameters and was introduced as a novel marker todetermine inflammation in other diseases.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between activity of Behçet’s disease withplatelet - lymphocyte and lymphocyte - monocyte ratio.Patients and MethodsThis case - control study conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital,Unit of Rheumatology from July 2017 to the end of February 2018. A total of 66 Iraqi patients who were diagnosed with Behçet's disease and met the inclusion criteria, and 66 apparently healthy individuals matched in age and sex as controls were enrolled. After acquiring their consent, data were collected using a pre - constructed data collection sheet, questionnaire including demographic and clinical data of the patients. Disease activity was assessed using Behçet's disease current activity form. Total White Blood Cells count and differential , C - reactive protein (CRP), erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured. platelet - lymphocyte and lymphocyte - monocyte ratio was calculated manually after obtaining the results from laboratory

عسر شحميات الدم اعتلال المفاصل الصدفي الفعال : دراسة حالة ضابط == Dyslipidemia in Active Psoriatic Arthropathy Case Control Study

Author name: منار هشام صابر
Supervisor name: عبد اللطيف جاسم
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by scaly erythematous plaques on body surfaces. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a unique, clinically heterogeneous type of inflammatory arthritis associated with skin psoriasis.Atherogenic dyslipidemia comprises a triad of increased blood concentrations of small, dense low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), decreased high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, and increased triglycerides. Most recently, a relationship between psoriasis and increased risk of myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular (cardiovascular) disease has been reported.Objectives : This study aimed to shed the light on dyslipidemia in psoriatic arthropathy patients and to determine any association between lipid abnormalities and disease activity.Patients and Methods : This study is a case control study which was conducted on 84 patients in Rheumatology and Dermatology department/ Baghdad Teaching hospital and 90 healthy controls for 8 months' period from August 2017 to April 2018. All patients with confirmed cases of Psoriatic arthritis according to CASPAR criteria. Data collected and analyzed according to patient history and Physical examination were including age, gender, body mass index, education level, occupation, smoking status, disease duration and disease activity score ,presence or history of dactylitis and enthesitis, history of diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular diseases, and drug history of Disease - modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and (anti - TNF agents), lipid lowering drug ,use of fish oil with its duration . Laboratory parameters were also taken including ESR and lipid profile.Results : Total number of the patient in this study was 84 and controls were ninety.The mean age was (42.6)years, 51% were male . There was no significant difference in age, gender and BMI between patients and control. Cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL were significantly higher in patients compared to controls p value <0.001 . There was no significant difference in the (Cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL, and Atherogenic index) between low and moderate to high disease activity. There was direct significant correlation between cholesterol with TNFI duration p value (0.039 ) Conclusions Patients with psoriatic arthritis had elevated levels of cholesterol, TG, LDL and atherogenic index. There is a direct association between high level of cholesterol and the duration of TNF inhibitor treatment. The current study shows that, no relation between disease activity and lipidprofile abnormality

قرحة الضغط قرحة الفراش في عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابيين باصابات الحبل الشوكي == Pressure Ulcers in A Sample of Iraqi Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

Author name: شهد عصام رؤوف
Supervisor name: خضير زغير معيوف البدري
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Pressure injury are most common preventable secondary complication of spinal cord injury and may lead to serious sequences include but not limited to infection , tissue loss and surgical intervention with all its complication in addition to psychological and financial burden on patients and their families.Aim of the studyTo determine the prevalence, grade, number and most common sites of pressure ulcer in people with spinal cord injury. Patients and method : This study carried out at Ibn Alkuff Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Hospital (Baghdad) during the period from 1st of November 2017 to the 1st of July 2018. A total sample of 100 Iraqi patients were included in this descriptive cross sectional study, 85 males (85%) and 15 females (15%), mean age of 31.7 ± 14.6 (range : 5 - 81) years, and the median duration since injuries was 8 months with an interquartile range of 4 - 24 months. Full history was taken and complete clinical examination was done for all patients. Pressure ulcer was diagnosed by physical examination and graded according to classification system for pressure ulcer by the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP). Special scale was included in this study to assess spinal cord injury impairment (American spinal injury association scale (ASIA).Results : Forty patients were having pressure ulcer. The sites of these ulcers were as following : 46.9% ulcers in the sacral region, 28.6% in the gluteal region, 8.2% in the thigh (lateral aspect), 6.1% in the heel and 10.2% ulcers in other sites. This study showed that pressure ulcers more frequent in ASIA score (A) followed by (B) and (C); (49.3%, 45.5% and 5.9%, respectively). The results showed no statistical significant association between age, gender, duration of spinal cord injury and causes of spinal cord injury in determining the presence of pressure ulcer (p=0.089, p=0.57, p=0.214 and p=0.57 respectively).Conclusions : Pressure ulcers are one of common secondary complication that occur in 40%of Iraqi patients with spinal cord injury with more frequency in ASIA scale A andB spinal cord injury especially in sacral area and most of them with one ulceronly.

اثار نمط اللباس المختلفة على كثافة معادن العظم في الشابات الاصحاء == Effects of Different Dress Styles on Bone Mineral Density of Young Healthy Women

Author name: هاشم خالد كاظم
Supervisor name: محمد هادي العصامي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by reduction in the bone mass and disruption of bone architecture leading to impaired skeletal strength and increased susceptibility of fractures. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement by dual energy X - ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the most commonly used of all methods available for fracture risk assessment.Objective : To investigate the differences in BMD in veiled and unveiled Iraqi women in premenopausal age group.Patients and Methods : A total of 80 Iraqi women were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups. Group - 1 consisted of 40 cases with an open clothing style, while the 40 women in group - 2, preferred the covered clothing style. Women were questioned in terms of the risk factors for osteoporosis. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated and the BMD of lumbar spine and left hip was measured by DXA. Z scores were obtained.Results : In the lumbar spine, the mean BMD was measured 0.95 gm/cm2 in cases with Hijab clothing style while it was measured 1 gm/cm2 in cases with no Hijab clothing style (P = 0.038). In the left hip, the mean BMD was measured 0.86 gm/cm2 in cases with Hijab clothing style ,while it was measured 0.91gm/cm2 in cases with no Hijab clothing style (P = 0.12). Although adecrease in BMD values was observed in both regions with Hijab clothing style, only the change in the lumbar spine BMD measurements was statistically significant.Conclusions : These data are suggestive of widespread low BMD in Iraq especially in the veiled women with possible adverse effects of totally or near totally covering dress styles on bone mineralization in the long run.
1 2 3