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تاثير معايير النطف ونضوج مادة الصبغين على نتائج عملية الحقن المجهري Impact of Sperm Parameters And Sperm Chromatin Maturity On Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcome

اسم المؤلف: هند عبد الكاظم
اسم المشرف: يحيى كاظم السلطاني
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعتبر العقم من المشاكل المتعلقة بصحة الانسان ويؤثرعلى سدس الازواج في عمر الانجاب تقريبا. يعد الذكر مسؤلا عن خمسين بالمئه من مجموع الحالات.الوظيفه الرئيسيه لتقنيات الانجاب المعان هي علاج العقم بما فيها حالات العقم الذكري وزيادة فرص الحمل من خلال التغلب عل | Infertility is a health concern affecting nearly 17% of young couples in their reproductive age. Male factor infertility accounts for 50% of all cases. The key responsibility of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is the management of male infertility by bypassing seminal fluid disorders. Defective Sperm parameters were responsible for deciding the fertility potential and related to pregnancy rate in vivo as well as in vitro.Today, the classic seminal fluid analysis is found to be of limited importance in describing a couple’s fertility status. There is now clinical evidence to show that damage to human sperm DNA may adversely affect reproductive outcomes and the spermatozoa of infertile men possess substantially more DNA damage than do spermatozoa of fertile men and there appears to be a threshold of sperm DNA damage beyond which embryo development and pregnancy are impaired.In view of that, the aims of the present study were : Evaluation of the influence of defective sperm parameters including concentration, morphology and motility on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcome represented by fertilization rate, cleavage rate, embryo quality and pregnancy rate. Assessment of the sperm chromatin maturity in infertile men using acidic aniline blue stain and compare it with that of men with normal spermiogram. Discovering the relationship between sperm chromatin status and the semen parameters in infertile males. Finding the relationship between sperm chromatin status and ICSI outcome.This study included 60 infertile couples complaining from either primary or secondary infertility attended the clinics of infertility treatment center and underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection.They were classified according to their spermiogram to normozoospermic group (N), whose female partner had bilateral tubal block, oligoasthenoteratozoospermic group (OAT) and finally, asthenoteratozoospermic group (AT). The female partners of the last two groups had normal reproductive function according to gynecological examination and laboratory investigations. All female partners included in this study were less than 35 years old to minimize the influence of advanced maternal age on ICSI outcome. Seminal fluid analysis were done for all and aniline blue stain was used in this study to evaluate sperm chromatin integrity. The main results of this study showed that infertile couples with impaired sperm parameters show high percentage of positive aniline blue stain i.e., sperm chromatin maturity defect and it is significantly higher than that in couples with normal spermiogram. The best cut off point of positive chromatin percentage associated with pregnancy was 40% i.e., when sperm chromatin abnormality exceeds 40% as detected by aniline blue staining method; the pregnancy rate start to regress. No significant differences in fertilization rate, cleavage rate, embryo quality and pregnancy rate were found among studied groups.No significant difference in ICSI outcome including pregnancy rate between couples with high percentage of sperm chromatin damage ?30% and those with low percentage of sperm chromatin damage < 30% were found. So the main conclusions are : Defective sperm parameters and chromatin immaturity are significantly associated with each other.Forty percent is the threshold of sperm chromatin immaturity after which ICSI outcome deteriorate and depending 30% as a threshold in this study revealed no significant difference in ICSI outcome among studied groups. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection has corrective and therapeutic role for defective sperm parameters and shows a unique capability to treat the most difficult cases of male infertility.

اثر عوامل البيئة الاجتماعية على سلوك سيطرة وزن المراهقين في المدارس الثانوية في مدينة بغداد Impact of Socio - Environmental Factors Upon Adolescents' Weight Control Behaviors In Secondary Schools At Baghdad City

اسم المؤلف: بثينة بشير صالح
اسم المشرف: اقبال غانم علي معلة
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التمريض
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: دراسة وصفية(مقطعية) اجريت في جانبي الكرخ والرصافة لمعرفة اثر عوامل البيئة الاجتماعية على سلوك سيطرة وزن المراهقين في المدارس الثانوية في مدينة بغداد للفترة من 20 من شهر نيسان لعام 2013 الى نهاية تشرين الاول لعام 2014.تهدف هذه الدراسة للتعرف على عوامل ال | Overweight and obesity are one of the biggest threats for public health, both in children and adolescents. Fair enough, a lot of attention is paid towards this threat. However, hardly any attention is paid to weight loss behavior in normal weight children and adolescents. Teenagers who consider themselves as too fat who were negative body image a high risk for unnecessary weight loss behavior. A Cross - Sectional Descriptive study was conducted on impact of socio - environmental factors upon adolescents' weight control behaviors in secondary schools at both sides Al - Karkh and Al - Risafa sectors of Baghdad city. The study period started from 20th of April 2013 to the end of October 2014. The study aimed to find out the relationship between weight control, and socio - environmental factors and adolescents' demographic data (age, gender, Body Mass Index, and socio - economic status), and find out the impact of socio - environmental factors upon adolescents' weight control behaviors. A non - probability (purposive sample) of secondary adolescent schools , while 1254 adolescents' students were chosen randomly from that schools. The study instruments consist of four parts. The first part concerned with adolescents' students and their parents? socio - demographic data; the second part is about adolescents' students eating patterns and their meals list at home. The second part is divided into six sections. The 1 section consists of 28 items : the adolescents' students eating patterns and meals list at home, section 2 and 3 contains 16 items : for eating the snacks and fast food, section 4 is composed of 12 items : which are about adolescents' students eating time in schools with peers, section 5 has 12 items : related to the reasons of skipping meals, and section 6 consists of 6 items : about adolescents' lifestyle. The third part is about the physical activities and dieting programs, it consists of 7 items. The fourth part 10 items are related to the adolescents' weight control behaviors. Test - retest determined the reliability of the study instrument which was r = 0.90. A descriptive statistical analysis (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistical analysis, and (chi - square) were used. The result of the study sample indicated that more than two fourth of the Body Mass Index was almost equal in under or normal weight while the another half were overweight and obese, and the sample's family socio - economic status was in high or low level status. The study indicated most of the adolescents' took breakfast at home, eating snacks, reasons of skipping breakfast meal, and their lifestyle had a highly significant association with their gender and that indicate no differentiate between their gender eat what they want at any time. The results of the study reflected the adolescents' students eating lunch and dinner at home, and reasons of skipping breakfast meal had no significant association with their ages. The adolescents' students favorite to eat snacks and fast food at home and it's had a highly significant association with their Body Mass Index. Also there is a highly significant associated for the study sample socio - environmental factors with their socio - economic status. The results of the study reflect that is a highly significant association between eating habits and their total weight control behavior methods. The study recommended the Ministry of Health need to activate the nutritional program strategies for weight management within school health services, and need to increase establishment other especial centers for managing adolescents from risk for overweight and obesity like as Obesity Research and Therapy Unit in AL - Kindy College of Medicine and Nutrition Research Institute. I suggest a schedule as a guideline for healthy nutritious for weight control and achieve daily physical activity Finally Ministry of Education need to involved teachers in that strategies and training them in relation to these programs.

دور تخطيط العضلات احادي الليف على مرضى اعتلال الاعصاب المحيطية السكري وعلاقته بمؤشرات الاكسدة The Role of Single Fiber Electromyography In Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy And Its Relation To Oxidative Stress Parameters

اسم المؤلف: زاهد محمد علي كاظم
اسم المشرف: احسان محمد عبود عجينة
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الخلفية : يعتبر اعتلال الاعصاب المحيطية السكري من اكثر مضاعفات داء السكري شيوعا التي تؤثر على الاوعية الدموية الدقيقة. سريريا يؤثر المرض اولا على الاطراف القصيه مؤديا الى فقدان الاحساس في تلك الاطراف على نمط الجورب والقفاز. يؤثر المرض على كل من الالياف ال | Background : diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Clinically, it affects the most distal extremities first resulting in a stock and glove pattern of sensory loss. It affects both small fibers (myelinated and un - myelinated) as well as the large myelinated nerve fibers. However, the earliest manifestations might be due to small fiber dysfunction. Hyperglycaemia and subsequent metabolic derangement is the main pathogenitic factor of DPN. However, oxidative stress, deficiency of neuroprotective factors and neurovascular insufficiency might play a role.AIMS : This study aims to : 1. Test the value of applying SFEMG in the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. 2. Determine the usefulness of SFEMG, compared to the standard NCS, in the early diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. 3. Evaluate the correlation of the antioxidant/oxidant status in patients with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Materials and methods : The study was conducted in the period from Nov. 2012 till Apr. 2014 and included 188 patients with type 2 DM that fall within age group of 45 - 65 years. Diabetics that suffer from clinical features of peripheral nerve dysfunction documented with abnormal electrophysiological findings were considered as patients with DPN (138 patients) and those who had no complaint of peripheral nerve dysfunction with normal electrophysiological study were considered as patients without DPN (50 patients). The study also included normal healthy persons who their age and gender matched that patients and considered as control subjects (50 persons). The patients and control enrolled in the study had undergone comprehensive assessment that included : clinical assessment (history and full examination), biochemical assessment (measurement of fasting blood sugar, glycated haemoglobin, total antioxidant capacity and advanced glycation end products) and electrophysiological assessment that included sensory and motor nerve conduction studies (NCS) with single fiber electromyography (SFEMG).Results : The study found that patients with DPN in comparison to patients without DPN and control subjects are older (p?0.05), had longer duration of DM (p?0.01), poorer glycemic control reflected by fasting blood sugar (p?0.01) and glycated haemoglobin (p?0.01), lower level of total antioxidant capacity (p?0.01) and higher advanced glycation end products level (p?0.01). Also, the study showed that the level of total antioxidant capacity and advanced glycation end products on one hand were correlated with the duration of the diabetes (p?0.01) and not correlated with glycated haemoglobin level on the other hand.The electrophysiological findings showed that patients with DPN had significant differences in NCS parameters when compared to patients without DPN and to control subjects in the form of axonal degeneration and demyelination with abnormal single fiber jitter and fiber density which were correlated with the duration of diabetes (p?0.01) but not correlated with glycemic control. Also the study demonstrated that SFEMG findings were correlated with NCS parameters (namely sural nerve) in patients with DPN. This study had concluded that the duration of diabetes, age, glycemic control and oxidative stress are important risk factors of DPN. Routine NCS is important mean for diagnosing DPN but it has limited sensitivity in the diagnosis of early stages of the disease and in assessing nerve degeneration and regeneration. Sensory nerves of lower limbs are helpful in discovering early stages of DPN when other tested nerves are normal. SFEMG examination in diabetic patients is important in showing the degree of re - innervation and nerve regeneration and in identification of subclinical nerve dysfunction.

دراسة العلاقة النسبية بين جريان الدم المخي - المشيمي والرحمي - المشيمي بالدوبلر للنساء الحوامل المصابات بداء السكري A Study of Cerebro - Placental And Utero - Placental Ratio Doppler Velocimetry In Diabetic Pregnant Women

اسم المؤلف: رياض وحيد العيساوي
اسم المشرف: عقيل عبد المنعم حسن زوين
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعتبر داء السكري المصاحب للحمل هو احد مضاعفات الحمل الاكثر شيوعا والتي ترتبط بمعدلات هامة من الاعتلال والوفاة ما حول الولادة , ان العلاج الفعال لداء السكري ما قبل الحمل ولداء السكر المصاحب للحمل قد تبين تحسين النتائج والحد من وفيات ما حول الولادة بالمقارن | Diabetes mellitus complicating pregnancy is one of the most common antenatal complications that are associated with significant perinatal mortality and morbidity(Magee et al., 1993, Schmidt et al., 2001and Platt et al., 2002). Effective treatment of pre - existing as well as gestational diabetes mellitus was shown to improve outcome and reduce perinatal mortality, as compared to untreated patients (Lao TT, et al., 2001and Langer , et al., 2005). Doppler studies have conventionally been utilized for fetal surveillance. The use maternal uterine artery Doppler as a screening tool to predict subsequent development of pre - eclampsia and fetal growth restriction in later gestation have gained acceptance in recent years. Umbilical artery Doppler, middle cerebral artery Doppler have been widely used for the assessment of growth restricted fetuses. The role of Doppler study in diabetic pregnancies has not been unequivocally evaluated. An atherogenic factor, that promotes vascular endothelial growth, insulin - like growth factor - 1 has been implicated with micro vascular complication during pregnancy (Kathryn 2000). Presently, short - term beneficial metabolic effects of recombinant human insulin - like growth nfactor - 1 (rhIGF) - 1 therapy have been demonstrated in numerous diabetic conditions, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus. Until recently, insulin - like growth factor - 1, based upon its endothelial growth promotion, was considered a mediator of vascular disease( Bayes - genis et al., 2001a; 2001b). Conversely, increasing evidence indicate the protective mechanism of insulin - like growth factor - 1 against vascular derangements, relating to its ability of nitric oxide production (Okura et al., 2001). We sought to investigate the impact of insulin - like growth factor - 1 levels on maternal/fetal blood flow in diabetic non - hypertensive pregnant women; an avenue of research that has yet to be fully explored. Taken together, this information will materialize the intervention needed to prevent or at least ameliorate diabetes maternal and fetal outcomes. OBJECTIVES1 - To evaluate effect of diabetes mellitus on utero - and cerebro - placental Doppler velocimetry in pregnant women, such as resistive index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), Systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D)2 - To find whether a meaningful correlation exists between the above mentioned parameters and the levels of HBA1c and maternal IGF - 1.3 - To predict the most sensitive parameter detecting complications of diabetes mellitus on fetal outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHOD In this prospective cohort study a total of 190 pregnant women with single viable fetus, cephalic presentation, were enrolled after having their verbal and written consent and approval of the ethical committee at Faculty of Medicine. They were divided into two Groups : group (Ia) women with gestational diabetes mellitus (n=70), group ( Ib ) women with pre - gestational diabetes mellitus (n=64) and the remaining (n=56) participants (group II) were free from diabetes and hypertension and served as a control group. The study performed at Al Ameer Diagnostic Center in Al Najaf, between March, 2013 and August, 2014.Examination of the participants done twice, in the second and third trimesters. In each time, history and clinical examinations performed with Doppler ultrasonography of the pregnant women including interrogations of bilateral maternal uterine arteries, fetal umbilical and middle cerebral arteries in addition to measurement of IGF - 1 and HbA1c concentrations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 1 - IGF - 1 mean± SD in second trimester was 582.61± 183.7 ng/ml in group Ia, 429.5± 231.3 ng/ml in group 1b and 278.6 ± 60.8 ng/ml in the group II with significant difference among the groups (P=0.0001) In the third trimester the mean± SD was 653.69 ±197.6 ng/ml in group Ia, 487.5± 242.4 ng/ml in group Ib and 316.6 ± 60.9 ng/ml in group II with significant difference among the groups (P=0.0001).2 - HbA1c mean± SD in second trimester was 6.59± 0.89 % in group Ia, 6.42 ± 0.9% in group Ib and 5.35 ± 0.56 % in group II with significant difference between group Ia and group II, as well as between Ib and group II, but no significant difference between Ia and Ib groups.Third trimester HbA1c mean value was 6.29 ± 0.78 % in group Ia , in group Ib 6.27 ± 0.87 % and 5.08 ± 0.57% in group II.There was no significant difference between group Ia and Ib (P=0.843) , while there was a significant difference between group Ia and group II as well as between group Ib and group II(P=0.0001).3 - Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry was considered more sensitive predictor than other arteries in evaluation of fetal outcomes and its sensitivity in the total studied population (190) was 44.3%, in gestational diabetic pregnancy group was 58.3%, in pregestational diabetic pregnancy 34.3% and in control was 29.4%.4 - Multiple maternal and fetal arterial Doppler studies at same time yield high predictive values in evaluation of fetal outcomes with general sensitivity in the total studied population was 63.6%, specificity 79.4%79, PPV 72.2% and NPV 71.7%. In gestational diabetic pregnancy the sensitivity was 94.4%, specificity was 61.8%, PPV was 72.3%, NPV was 91.3%. In pregestational diabetic pregnancy sensitivity was 88.6%, specificity was 86.2 %, PPV was 88.6 %, NPV was 86.2%. In control healthy pregnancies the sensitivity was 70.6 %, specificity was 71.8%, PPV was 52.2%, NPV was 84.8 %.

توازن الحركيات الخلوية وعلاقة اليللات التطابق النسجي في كل من النوع الاول لمرضى السكري واشقائهم في دراسة مقارنة Cytokine Balance (Th1/Th2) And Hla - Dr Association In Type I Diabetic Patients And Their Siblings In A Comparative Study A Thesis

اسم المؤلف: محمد علي سلمان علیوي الكعبي
اسم المشرف: كریم ثامر مشكور الكعبي جعفر كاظم الموسوي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: It has been proposed that the balance of Th1 and Th2 cells is critical in the development of Type 1 diabetes and much of the genetic susceptibility to IDDM maps to the MHC class II region, thus one approach to investigate the immunopathogenesis of diabetes is to study first degree relatives of affected individuals.A case - control study was performed on 120 persons, they divided into three group which are diabetic, siblings and control (40 persons in each group), who attended to Al Zahraa Teaching Hospital /Diabetic Center in Al Kut between the period from April; 2012 till April; 2013. OGTT performed on both diabetic siblings and control, results have showed that the means of OGTT is highly Significant (P value = 0.000) in both siblings and control groups, whereas there were no Significant differences in the Means of differences of OGTT in both tested groups (Siblings and Control), P value = 0.288, although the mean of differences of OGTT is higher in siblings group (25.3250) than that in control group (22.0750). Cytokines levels (IFN - gamma, IL - 2, IL - 4 and IL - 10) were determined among the study groups (type 1 diabetes, siblings and control) by ELISA method, results showed that the means of IFN - gamma and IL - 2 levels were highly Significant (P value = 0.012, 0.037 respectively) in type 1 diabetic group , in comparison to their corresponds among both siblings and control groups, whereas the mean of IL - 4 levels was non - significant (P value = 0.738) among the study groups (type 1 diabetes, siblings and control), in spite it was higher in control group (0.81936) than that in both type 1 diabetic patients and their sibling (0.74387, 0.77593 respectively).While in case of IL - 10 results showed that the mean was highly significant among control group (P value = 0.030) in comparison to its corresponds among both type 1 diabetic patient and their siblings. Distribution of HLA - DRB1 loci among the study groups (type 1 diabetic patients, siblings and control group) were performed using MR.SPOT ROBOTING system, results showed that the frequencies of HLA - DRB1*3,*4 {25 (69.4%)} among diabetic group were Significant in differences (P value = 0.002), in comparison to the corresponding frequencies among control group {11 (30.6%)}, in comparison to the frequencies of other HLA - DRB1 loci in both diabetic group and control group { 15 (34.1%), 29 (65.9%)} respectively.Meanwhile results showed that there were no Significant differences (P value = 0.116), in the frequencies of HLA - DRB1*3,*4 {25 (58.1%)} among diabetic group in comparison to the frequencies of HLA - DRB1*3,*4 {18 (41.9%)} among siblings group, in compare to the frequencies of other HLA - DRB1 loci among diabetic group and sibling group {15 (40.5%), 22 (59.5%)} respectively, also results have showed that there were no Significant (P value = 0.104), in the frequencies of HLA - DRB1*3,*4 {18 (62.1%)} among sibling group in compare to the frequencies of HLA - DRB1*3,*4 {11 (37.9%)} among control group, in compare to the frequencies of other HLA - DRB1 loci among sibling group and control group {22 (43.1%), 29 (56.9%)} respectively. In another part of this study we estimate the relation between means of HbA1c and their corresponding HLADRB1 Loci among the study groups, result have showed that there was a significant relation (P value = 0.010) between the Means of HbA1c and their corresponding HLA - DRB1*03 Locus among the study groups. In conclusion the higher Mean of differences of OGTT among Siblings group might reflect the potential of them to develop diabetes, also T1D is Th1 mediated disorder, while Th2 cytokines profile might play a protective role against the development of T1D,in addition the genetic predisposition of diabetic Siblings for development of diabetes since, both diabetic group and sibling group showing the highest frequencies of HLA - DRB1 *3,*4, in compare to Control group and finally HbA1c might have an inheriting pattern. In conclusion diabetic siblings more prone for development of diabetes in future.

تقييم حالة الحديد، فيتامين ج والهرمونات في انخفاض الخصوبة لدى النساء Assessment of Iron Status, Vitamin C And Hormones In Subfertile Women

اسم المؤلف: ميسم محمد حسين الكعبي
اسم المشرف: سامي رحيم الكاتب
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: انخفاض الخصوبة مشكلة شائعة ولكن علاجها في بعض الاحيان غير كافي لعدم تشخيص الاسباب بالكامل. الحديد عنصر ناقل للاوكسجين ولذلك فهو محفز لحيوية كل الخلايا والانسجة في الجسم. نقص الحديد من اكثر مشاكل نقص الغذاء الشائعة في العالم. لذلك ربط الحديد مع الخصوبة يح | Subfertility is a common problem, but the treatment is sometimes inadequate because the causes are not fully diagnosed. Iron is essential for oxygen transport and therefore promotes health of all cells and tissues. Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world. Therefore, the connection between iron and fertility need more explanation. Some researchers have suggested that iron may be important for ovulation as the egg has an increased demand for iron while it matures and women who do not get sufficient amounts of iron may suffer anovulation and possibly poor egg health, which can inhibit pregnancy at a rate 60% higher than those with sufficient iron stores in their blood. However women planning to become pregnant should test for serum ferritin level and accordingly if low they can use iron supplements because they may help them to prevent iron deficiency and also improve fertility. Vitamin C is essential for the uptake and absorption of iron. The objective of this study was to assess the iron status, vitamin C and some hormone levels in subfertile women. The sample of study consists of 106 women subdivided into two groups : first consist of 76 subfertile women were taken from the outpatient to fertility center in the gynecological and obstetrical teaching hospital in Kerbala city and from multiple gynecology/obstetrics privet clinics. Second consist of 30 fertile women (control and comparative) who obtained from outpatients and some relatives. The subfertile women subdivided into two subgroups according to the cause of subfertility in presented study : first group : ovarian dysfunction (OD) either due to polycystic ovary syndrom (PCOS) or due to other cause (OC) like anovulation, hyperprolactenemia, premature ovarian failure. Second group : unexplained (idiopathic). Also the subfertile women subdivided into two subgroups according to the type of subfertility : primary and secondary. All of them were at reproductive age (16 - 45) years and there BMI ranged between (20 - 45 kg/m2). The study was achieved throughout a period which extends from July 2012 - October 2013. The protocol of study summarized as following : At day 3±1of menstrual cycle (menstrual phase), all women underwent the measurement of concentrations for multiple hormones in the blood like luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiole, prolactine and Testosterone. In addition to iron status (serum iron, serum ferrtin and total iron binding capacity) and vitamin C also assessed. And at day 13 of menstrual cycle (near time of ovulation), all women underwent two investigations : first : the measurement of concentrations of luteinizing hormone, serum Leptin and antioxidants as vitamin C and glutathione. In addition to Iron status (serum iron, serum ferrtin and total iron binding capacity) and hemoglobin concentration also estimated. Second : estimation the size and the number of dominant follicles in both ovaries by ultrasonograghy. While at day 23±1 of menstrual cycle (secretary phase), all women underwent two investigations : first : estimation the concentration of serum progesterone to detect ovulation. Second : estimation the endometrial thickness by ultrasonograghy. The results of study shows : • A significant increase (P<0.05) in number of subfertile women with age group (16 - 25) years and there were highly significant decreases (P<0.001) in number of women with age 36 - 45 years for both primary and secondary subfertility. While no significant difference (p>0.05) in age group (26 - 35) years.• A significant increases (P<0.05) in body mass index for subfertile women due to polycystic ovary syndrome. Also a significant increase (P<0.05) in serum leptin for women with overweight and obese as compared with normal weight.• A significant increase (P<0.05) in serum ferritin level for polycystic ovary syndrome at day 13 of menstrual cycle. Also, a significant decreases (P<0.05) in number of polycystic ovary syndrome in those having serum ferritin lower than normal at day 13 of menstrual cycle.• A significant increase (P<0.05) in the number of subfertile women due to ovarian dysfunction other than polycystic ovary syndrome who having a lower serum level of vitamin C at day 3 of menstrual cycle. • A significant increase (P<0.05) in serum testosterone level in polycystic ovary syndrome group at day 3 of menstrual cycle. • A significant increase (P<0.05) in serum prolactine level in group of ovarian dysfunction due to other cause at day 3 of menstrual cycle. when serum ferritin level lower than or within normal value. • A significant decrease (P<0.05) in serum level of luteinizing hormone for group of ovarian dysfunction due to other cause at day 13 of menstrual cycle when serum ferritin less than normal but no significant differences (P>0.05) in serum luteinizing hormone when serum ferritin within normal value. • A significant decrease (P<0.05) in serum luteinizing hormone for group of ovarian dysfunction due to O.C when vitamin C within normal value at day 13 of menstrual cycle.• A highly significant decrease (p<0.001) in endometrial thickness for all subfertile group at day 23 of menstrual cycle.• No significant difference (P>0.05) in serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone, estradiole and glutathione as compared with other parameters in fertile and subfertile women.It was concluded that the decrease in serum ferritin and vitamin C levels in the blood may be associated directly or indirectly with subfertility caused by ovarian dysfunction.

تغيرات الرسم الكهربائي للدماغ عند الحوامل في مرحلة ما قبل التشنج الحملي وعلاقتها ببعض المؤشرات الحيوية الالتهابية Electroencephalographic Changes In Preeclamptic Females And Their Relation With Some Inflammatory Biomarkers

اسم المؤلف: مهند يحيى ادريس المحنه
اسم المشرف: احسان محمد عبود عجينة
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يسجل الرسم الكهربائي للدماغ الفعالية الكهربائية الذاتية المتولدة في قشرة الدماغ. اشارة الرسم الكهربائي للدماغ هي قياس للتيارات المتحركة في قشرة الدماغ. عندما تحفز خلايا الدماغ (العصيبات), يتم توليد التيار الارتباطي في التشجرات العصبية للخلايا. يولد هذا ال | Electroencephalography (EEG) records the spontaneous electrical activity generated in the cerebral cortex. When brain cells (neurons) are active, synaptic currents are produced within their dendrites and this current generates an electrical field over the scalp. The EEG waves measure this current that flow during synaptic excitations of pyramidal neurons' dendrites. Preeclampsia is a disease of pregnancy characterized by a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or more on two separate occasions after the 20th gestational week in a previously normotensive woman. This is accompanied by significant proteinuria (>300 mg in 24 hours) and is associated with endothelial cell damage. The markers of endothelial activation or inflammation have been blamed to play an active role in preeclampsia (Sibai et al., 2005). This study included 97 pregnant with a confirmed diagnosis of preeclampsia as a patient group with a gestational age ranging between 20 - 38 weeks. They are divided into three subgroups according to their gestational age (20 - 26 wk, 27 - 32 wk and 33 - 38 wk) and the mean of their age was 29.34±4.82, 30.14±5.33 and 32.54±6.22 years respectively. In addition, 72 women with normal pregnancy have been included as control group. These were also subdivided into three subgroups just like that of the patients and their age matches them too. Participants belong to both patient and control groups had underwent same procedure, examinations and tests like EEG and serological tests for Intracellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM I), interleukin - 6 (IL6) and C - reactive protein (CRP), in parallel. Results showed that there were statistically significant increased levels (P < 0.05) of ICAMI, IL - 6 and CRP values between patient and control groups and between the patient with mild and those with severe preeclampsia in all tested gestational age subgroups. This supports the hypothesis stating a role of cytokines and inflammatory biomarkers in the mechanism underlying preeclampsia. Moreover, and at all gestational age subgroups, the ICAMI, CRP and IL - 6 values were higher in patients with severe disease when compared with those having milkd disease. This strengthens more the relation of these biomarkers with the progression of preeclampsia. There were abnormal EEG changes in about 52 % of the patients with preeclampsia and these changes were reported in all gestational age subgroups and were in the form of spikes, polyspikes, slow sharp waves. This shows that preeclamptic females are prone to some excessive brain activities that may put them in danger of abnormal brain function. Furthermore, these EEG abnormalities were related to the severity of the preeclampsia as they were recorded in severe cases more and at all gestational age subgroups. Also there were statistically significant elevation regarding ICAMI (at the second and third gestational age subgroups), IL - 6 values (at the second gestational age subgroup) and CRP (at all gestational age subgroups) among patients with and without abnormal EEG changes. This suggests a strong relation between these inflammatory biomarkers with the occurrence of abnormal EEG changes in preeclamptic females. In conclusion, an inflammatory process is blamed to be the underlying mechanism of preeclampsia as proved by the elevated levels biomarkers in these patients. Both the abnormally elevated biomarkers and the abnormal EEG changes occur in preeclamptic patient in different gestational ages above 20 weeks and occur in different disease severity.

التشخيص المقارن المصلي والجزئي لداء المقوسات وبعض الاصابات الفيروسية لبعض النساء الحوامل اللوات يعانينن من الاجهاض في محافظة النجف الاشرف Serological And Molecular Comparative Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis And Certain Types of Viral Infections (Torch) In Aborted Women In Al - Najaf Province

اسم المؤلف: ذكرى عبد الله محمود المياحي
اسم المشرف: باقر عبيس سلطان صباح نعمة محمد الفتلاوي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في محافظه النجف الاشرف / العراق، وتضمنت جمع عينات من دم النساء الحوامل اللواتي يعانين من الاجهاض اول مرة او متكررة وكان عدد الحالات 57 حالة. اعمارهن يتراوح بين 15سنة الى40 سنة واللواتي يراجعن مستشفى الزهراء التعليمي والمختبر المركزي وبع | Toxoplasmosis and viral infections such as Rubella , Cytomegalovirus and Herpes virus (TORCH) are feared risk during pregnancy. The rate of toxoplasmosis and of subclinical infected infants at birth with the risk of late manifestation is still unclear, whereas such data are fairly well - known for Rubella , Cytomegalovirus and Herpes virus. The respective major diagnostic issues in pregnancy, the laboratory diagnosis, and its rational use in combination with clinical information are presented , also the value of passive prophylaxis, therapy, and prenatal diagnosis as well as the possible management for diminishing the infection problems in pregnancy.Aims of study : The study was aimed to evaluate the ELISA result for Toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes virus (TORCH) IgM and IgG and compare the results of the ELISA with RT - PCR to arbitrate discordant results.Methodology : The present study was carried out on 57 pregnant women, all of them had with bad obstetric history (BOH) of abortion twice or more. Patients were between 15 - 40 years of age, and they were attending Al - Zahraa Maternity and pediatric Teaching Hospital, Al - Hakeem Hospital and some private clinics, in AL - Najaf province during the period from May 2012 till May 2013. Serological evaluation for TORCH infections was carried out by using IgM and IgG Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA ) method and molecular technique ( DNA; RNA - RT - PCR). Each blood sample was divided into two part , one part plane tube for separation of serum that were screened for the presence IgM and IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii ,Cytomegalovirus Rubella virus and Herpes simplex virus by using (ELISA test ).The tests were performed according to manufactures instruction.The other part (blood )EDTA tube was used for DNA 0f detection Toxoplasma , CMV and Herpes simplex virus , while RNA extraction of Rubella virus.The blood and serum sample were stored in refrigerator (2 - 8C?) before the analysis.The extracted DNA and RNA were stored at - 20C? till used within 24 hours. All ELISA Results samples were compared with Real - Time PCR result. Statistical analysis : Statistical program SPSS version (20.0) was used to study the significant difference between tests in each type of antibody (IgM and IgG). (X2 - test) was used after detection of normal distribution to the data and appropriate P<0.001 consider significant. Results : Both IgM / IgG was Seropositive to T. Gondii , Rubella , CMV and HSV - 2 which were 49.12/80.70%, 21.05/49.12% , 45.61/70.18% and 1.21/36.20% respectively. Samples were seropositive to IgM and results were retested by RT - PCR method. Maximum number of IgM /IgG seropositive cases of aborted women was 19(32.75%)/57 that associated with Toxoplasma ,Rubella and CMV infection by RT - PCR ( 10(17.54%), 6( 10.53%) and 3(5.26%) respectively ). The ELISA TORCH IgM and IgG assays provided results comparable to RT - PCR indicated significant differences among Toxoplasma and viral infection. The ELISA TORCH infection IgM and IgG assays showed a lower specificity with for Toxoplasma IgM (p=0.001), poor for CMV IgM and moderate for Rubella virus IgM.Conclusion : The accurate diagnosis of TORCH infection should be done by molecular method.

تاثير التعويض الجزئي والكلي للاسنان على فحوصات كفاءة الرئتين عند مرضى السكري نوع - 2 Effect of Partial And Complete Denture Treatment On Spirometric Tests In Type 2 Diabetic Patients

اسم المؤلف: حسين مهدي حسين الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: يسار محمد حسن الشماع
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: في هذه الدراسة العرضية, تم اختيار 140 شخصا بصورة عشوائية, من بينهم 90 كان مصابا بالسكري والباقون كانوا سليمين ,لدراسة تاثير ارتداء طقم الاسنان الكلي والجزئي من قبل مرضى السكري على فحوصات كفاءة الرئتين وبالتحديد, , السعة الحيوية القسرية (FVC)و الحجم الزفير | In this cross sectional study, a total number of 140 subjects selected randomly, 90 of them were diabetic and the remaining were normal, to study the effect of complete and partial dentures wearing by diabetic patients on pulmonary function test particularly peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume ratio (FEV1/FVC) ratio (FEV1%), forced vital capacity (FVC), and also the retropharyngeal space (RPS), the level of Endothelial selectin (E - selectin) and the level of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule - 1(VCAM - 1)was also compared, in this study, between the diabetic and the normal subjects.The results indicate that the spirolab III was accurate and reproducible and can be used in all related studies.The effect of wearing of complete and partial dentures by diabetic patients on FVC, FEV1, PEFR and also the degree of alteration of the RPS were measured.1) The results of the study shows a significant increase in values of FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) (p<0.05), while there was no significant change in the value of FVC after the replacement of complete denture.2) No statistically significant differences in the values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) was observed after replacement of partial denture without free end extension3) There was a significant increase in values of FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) (p<0.05), never the less there was no significant change in the value of FVC after the replacement partial denture with unilateral free end extension.4) There was a significant increase in values of FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) (p<0.05), However there was no significant change in the value of FVC after the replacement partial denture with bilateral free end extension5) The results showed that in poor and good control diabetic patients there was a significant decrease in the values of FEV1, PEFR, FEV1%and RPS after the removal of all types of dentures(p<0.05), while no significant change in FVC.6) Statistical significant increase in Serum E - selectin and VCAM - 1 level was found in diabetic patients when compared to that of the normal subjects (p<0.05).7) No statistical significant difference between serum E - selectin and VCAM - 1 level in diabetic patients after and before denture placement (p>0.05). The cause of the significant change in the values of FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) in case of complete and partial denture with free end extension replacement may be due to pressing of the retropharyngeal space bilaterally and unilaterally by the complete and partial denture and the FVC was not significantly changed because it may not be affected by denture support, while the elevated Serum E - selectin and VCAM - 1 level might indicate endothelial activation and inflammation.In conclusion we can conclude that 1. The spirolabIII used in this study is an accurate and reproducible device and can be used in the assessment of lung function test.2. Values of FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) where significantly higher after the replacement of complete denture and partial denture with bilateral and unilateral free end extension in diabetic patients (p<0.05), while there was no significant change in the value of FVC.3. No statistically significant differences in the values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) was observed after partial denture without free end extension has been replaced in diabetic patients.6. In poor and good control diabetic patients there was no significant change in the value of FVC, while the values of FEV1, PEFR, FEV1%and RPS where significantly decrease after the removal of all types of dentures.8. Statistical significant increase in Serum E - selectin and VCAM - 1 level was found in diabetic patients when compared to that of the normal subjects.9. The results for serum level of E - selectin and VCAM - 1 shows no significant difference diabetic patients after the placement of all types of dentures (p>0.05).

تعقب الليشمانيا الجلدية بالاختبارات التحليلية الوبائية والطفيلية والجزيئية والكيمياحياتية Tracking of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis By Epidemiological, Parasitological, Molecular And Biochemical Analysis

اسم المؤلف: سندس نصیف الحجیمي
اسم المشرف: باقر عبیس سلطان محسن عبد الحسین الظالمي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study was performed to identify the species and strain of Leishmania parasite isolated from different endemic areas. It was carried out on cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in five Iraqi provinces as following : Al - Najaf province ( Al - Hakeem and Al - Sadder teaching hospitals), Babylon province ( Marjan hospital ), Al - Qadisya province (AL - Sadder Teaching hospital ), Karbala province (Al - Hussain General Hospital) and Kut province (Al - Zehraa Teaching and Al - Kerama Hospitals). It covered seven hospitals as a field of investigations from October 2010 to December 2012.Cellulose acetate electrophoresis has been performed in Walter Reed Institute of researches in USA. A total of 126 cases comprising 48(38%) females and 78(62%) males were studied. The highest infected age group was 21 - 30 years with a rate of 27.8% and the lowest rate was 11.9% at the age group of 10 and less years.Geographical distribution of CL among hospital patients indicated that rural areas were with highest rate (54%) while in urban areas were with(46%).The number of ulcers per one patient differs for each patient. The highest rate of multiple lesions was 73% in comparison with single lesion (27%).The type of infection showed that disease was in wet type (82.5%) more than in dry type (17.5%). Direct smears were made by lesion aspiration,skin scraping and discharged blood methods , by which 90 (71%) patients gave positive result under light microscope.Modified NNN medium and RPMI - 1640 with fetal bovine serum followed by sub - culture in drosophila Schniders media were performed for each case. Out of 126 cases,83(65%) gave positive growth. Further characterization of the causative parasite species and strain made by molecular and biochemical techniques.Out of 83 postive growth culture,only 52 specimens were studied by nested - PCR, using kinetoplast minicircle fraction amplification to detecte the species of parasite.It was found that 45(86.5%) cases in the generation of a 560 bp DNA and 7(13.4%)patients displayed a fragment of 750 bp, corresponding to L. major and L. tropica, respectively.This test revealed that L. tropica and L. major are the causative agents of infection with dominant shifting to the L. major.Cellulose acetate electrophoresis (CAE) was performed for 20 mass cultivated cultures. Isoenzyme profiles of these isolates were compared with reference strains of Leishmania spp. using cellulose acetate electrophoresis and 4 enzyme systems (glucose phosphateisomerase,leucil phosphate,manose phosphate isomerase and 6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase). The results showed that L.major(LV39) isolate were in 20 mass cultivated culture.Most of the CL patients in Najaf province(2011,2012) were from Haidariya in north district. High prevalence of disease was observed in Autumn and Winter.The highest number of cases was recorded during February and December.

مقارنة بين النوع الثاني من مرض السكري ومرض السكري المناعي الذاتي المتاخر الظهور للبالغين باستخدام مؤشرات الخلايا اللمفاوية وملف الحركيات الخلوية Comparison Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults Using Lymphocytes Markers And Cytokines Profile

اسم المؤلف: سوسن محمد جبار الحسناوي
اسم المشرف: سلمان عزيز الجبوري
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was done to investigate whether Type 2 diabetes and Latent autoimmune diabetes of adult (LADA) patients have similar or different immunological profile.Therefore, measurement of serum levels of adhesion molecules (Serum intracellular cell adhesion molecule(sICAM - 1), Serum vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM - 1) and Serum endothelial Selectin (sESelectin)), chemokines (CCL2, CCL3 and CCL4) and cytokines (IL - 6, IL - 1receptor antagonist and IFN - ?) in these patients was done. In addition to the influence of BMI, gender, age and diabetes duration on these systemic immune mediators were analyzed. Also, the relationships of the in vivo levelsof these mediators with micro - & macro - vascular complications in type 2 diabetes & LADA were studied.Three hundred individual were enrolled in this study and were divided into two subgroups : patients and control groups (280 patients& 20 control). From the 280 patients group who were clinically diagnosed as type 2 D.M., 34 patients were GADA positive and considered as LADA cases. Serum samples were taken from The 34 LADA cases, 36 cases of D.M.2 (selected randomly from the remaining 246 diabetic type 2 patients) & 20 healthy control subjects.The prevalence of LADA among D.M.2 patients was 12.1%. A significant difference in family history, BMI, FBS, HA1C & duration of D.M. was found in D.M.2 cases compared to LADA cases. The mean sVCAM - 1level of control group was significantly lower than D.M.2 and LADA group, P<0.05. The sE - Selectin level was higher in LADA group than control and D.M. type 2 group & significantly different when compared to control group (P<0.05). The sVCAM - 1 level had a significant positive correlation (R=0.25, P=0.017) with BMI in all groups. LADA group had significantly higher values of CCL2 while D.M. type 2 had the least values (P=0.002). The mean IL - 6 of D.M. type 2 group was (11.6±3.1), for LADA group it was (12.4±1.7) and for the controls it was 0.95 ± 0.14. There was a statically significant difference between D.M.2 vs. controls, and LADA vs. controls (P<0.05), regarding the mean IFN - ?, it was significantly higher in LADA group than D.M.2 group (87.5 ± 20.3) vs. (40.3 ± 4.5) respectively, (P=0.032).The mean IL - 1receptor antagonist was significantly higher in D.M. type 2 and LADA cases than controls (P<0.05). A significant positivecorrelation between IL - 6 and sICAM - 1, (R= 0.27, P= 0.013) & a highly significant positive correlation between IL - 6 and IL - 1RA, (R= 0.35, P=0.001) were found. IL - 6 & IL - 1RA serum levels in D.M. type 2 patientswere significantly associated with the complications where p - value?0.05. For conclusions, LADA is clinically underestimated among D.M. type 2 patients and increases with increasing age. Also, Levels of CCL2 and IFN - ? are associated with autoimmunity, Levels of adhesion molecules & chemokines are associated with complications of diabetes.

العلاقة بين اعتلال الجهاز العصبي اللاارادي الناتج عن السكري مع مستوى اللبتين وامراض القلب حسب فحص ايكو القلب وفحص اجهاد القلب Relation of Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy With Leptin And Cardiac Disease Assessed By Echo And Treadmill Test

اسم المؤلف: زينب فلاح حسن
اسم المشرف: احسان محمد عبود عجينة علاء حسين عباس
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الخلفية : الاعتلال العصبي اللاارادي القلبي له تاثير سلبي على الحياة ونوعيتها للاشخاص المصابين بالسكري. الاعتلال العصبي اللاارادي القلبي يعتبر نوع فرعي من الاعتلال العصبي السكري. هذا النوع من الاعتلال هو الاكثر بروزا لتهديده للحياة وبسبب توفر الفحص القلبي | Background : Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) has a negative effect on survival and quality of life in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) and is regarded as a subtype of the diabetic autonomic neuropathy. This type of neuropathy is the most prominent focusing because of its life threatening and the availability of the cardiovascular tests that can diagnose it. It has been thought that many factors in DM like leptin causing increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Researches about the relation of leptin with CAN and cardiovascular disease are yet limited.Aim of study : This study aims to determine the prevalence of CAN in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, evaluate the association between CAN the presence of left ventricular dysfunction in these patients, test the association between CAN and ischemic heart disease and assess the relationship between the presence and severity of CAN with fasting serum leptin in these patients.Patients, materials and methods : This cross sectional study included 103 (56 males and 47 females) diabetic patients without hypertension or pre - diagnosis of ischemia. They had attended to the diabetic center in Marjan Medical City in Hilla from March 2013 to February 2014. The patients had undergone thorough assessments that included clinical (history and full examination) and biochemical assessments (measurement of fasting plasma sugar, glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile, blood urea, serum creatinine and serum leptin level). Cardiac autonomic reflex tests were also assessed along with echocardiography and treadmill test. Cardiac autonomic reflex tests included the five tests of Ewing protocol. Patients who had two or more abnormal tests were considered as having CAN (75 patients) and those with less than two abnormal tests were considered as patients without CAN (28 patients). Results : The study found that most diabetic patients (84%) were obese (BMI?25 kg/m2) and most of the diabetic patients presented with CAN (72.8%). Fasting serum leptin level was higher in female than in male in both study groups (with and without CAN). Patients with CAN were older when compared to patients without CAN (p?0.01) and had longer duration of DM (p?0.01) with significantly higher fasting serum leptin levels. The leptin level showed a tendency to increase as the score of CAN increased. However, these changes were not significant (P>0.05). The most abnormal sympathetic response was diastolic blood pressure response to hand grip while the most abnormal parasympathetic response was heart rate response to breathing. On contrary, the lowest abnormal response was found in postural blood pressure test. Echocardiography showed that most of the diabetic patients (89.8%) had a left ventricular hypertrophy by measuring the left ventricular mass index. However, there were no significant changes in echocardiographic results between patients with CAN and those without.Conclusions : This study concludes that CAN is a common complication of type 2 diabetes that affected a large percentage of diabetic patients. The duration of the diabetes and the age of patients are important non modifiable risk factors for the development of CAN. Additionally, heart rate variability is considered as an important test for early detection of CAN. On the other hand, CAN has no impact on the occurrence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Leptin level was high in diabetic patients and even higher in those with CAN and its levels related positively with the severity of CAN. Also, there were high leptin levels in diabetic patients with positive treadmill test results, although these changes were not significant (P>0.05).

فاعليه تطبيق الممرضين للممارسات القياسية على العناية بالاطفال حديثي الولادة المصابين بمتلازمة كرب التنفس في وحده العناية بالاطفال حديثي الولادة في مستشفيات بغداد للاطفال التعليمية Effectiveness of Nurses Application of Standard Practices On Care of Newborn With Respiratory Distress Syndrome In Neonatal Care Unit At Children And Maternity Teaching Hospitals

اسم المؤلف: محمد عزيز حسن
اسم المشرف: اقبال غانم علي معلة
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التمريض
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت دراسة شبه تجريبية في مستشفيات بغداد للاطفال التعليمية للفترة من 28 من كانون الثاني الى الاول من ايلول لسنة 2014 لتقييم فاعلية تطبيق الممارسات القياسية للممرضين والذين يتعاملون مع الاطفال حديثي الولادة المصابين بمتلازمة كرب التنفستم تقييم الحاجة من | A quasi experimental(interventional) study was carried out at Baghdad pediatric teaching hospitals in Baghdad from the 28th of January to the 1st of September 2014 to assess the effectiveness of the application of standardized practices to nurses dealing with neonate with respiratory distress syndrome. Assessment of needs was done to evaluate the nurses practices towards neonates with respiratory distress syndrome in neonatal care unit(NCU) by using a special format which includes multiples questions related to nurses knowledge and practices for 10 nurses works at the private Nursing home.The result of the assessment revealed that the nurses have poor knowledge and practices towards neonates with RDS. A pretest test was performed before the application of the program for 35 nurses, three of them was out of the study sample.Observation their practices based on the standardized items which was prepared by the researcher and extensive review of the literature. A non - probability (purposive) sample of 32 nurses who work in the neonate intensive wards was chosen to be involved in study sample, and an educational program was designed based on the results and basic nursing guidelines related to care for neonate with respiratory distress syndrome, it consists of two parts : the first part consists of demographic data, and the second part consists of an observational checklist format related to the nurses practices in care of neonate with respiratory distress syndrome. The questionnaire was used to observe the nurses practices in the pre - test applied before the program started , post - test 1 immediately after the application of the program, post test 2 after 1 month from the post test 1,and a post 3 after 2 months from the second post test. The reliability of the questionnaire was conducted through a pilot study and validity through a panel of experts. The data were analyzed through the application of a descriptive statistics frequencies ,percentages ,and application of inferential statistical procedures which include Pearson correlation coefficient and paired test. The finding of the study revealed that the nurses practices towards neonates with respiratory distress syndrome were improved after the implementation of the program in most of the items of the post test 1 ,2,and 3 of the program, and there is a significant association between nurses' practices and their level of education in most of the program items, There was also a significant association between nurses practices and years of their experiences. The study recommended increasing knowledge and practices of the nurses working in the neonatal care unit through regular training courses, in addition to increasing the number of graduated nurses from the College of Nursing in this critical unit.

تاثير البرنامج التثقيفي التمريضي على معارف وممارسات الملاك التمريضي ازاء التاهيل القلبي لمرضى النوبة القلبية The Effectiveness of Nursing Educational Program On Nurses Knowledge And Practices Toward Cardiac Rehabilitation For Patients With Heart Attack

اسم المؤلف: احمد عجلان علاوي ناصر
اسم المشرف: حكيمة شاكر حسن
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التمريض
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت دراسة شبه تجريبية في مستشفى الشيخ زايد ومستشفى الصدر العام ومستشفى الكرخ العام ومستشفى الكرامة ومدينة الامامين الكاظمين الطبية ومستشفى بغداد التعليمي للفترة من الاول من ايلول2013 الى الاول من ايلول2014 تهدف الدراسة الى تقويم فاعلية البرنامج ال | A quasi - experimental design study was carried out at the AL - Sheikh Zayed hospital; AL - Sader; Al - Karkh ;AL - Karama ;Imameinkadhimein medical city and Baghdad Teaching hospital during the period from 1st September 2013 to 1st September 2014. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing education program on the nurses knowledge and practice toward cardiac rehabilitation phase one for patients with heart attackThe program and instrument were constructed and developed by the researcher for the purpose of the study A random sample composed of (80) nurses was divided into two groups , the experimental group consisted of (40) nurses exposed to the nursing educational program and control group consisted of (40) nurses were not exposed to the program.Reliability of instrument was determined through the use of test and retest for the knowledge test and inter - observation for practice and the instrument validity was determined through a panel of experts. The instrument to measure the effectiveness of nursing educational program on nurses knowledge and practice included (30) items concerning the nurses knowledge and 58 items included nurses practice nurses practices toward cardiac rehabilitation phase one for patients with heart attack.The analysis of data was performed through the application of description statistic(Frequencies, Percents, and Cumulative Percentages , Mean of Score , Standard Deviation , Relative Sufficiency ) and Inferential statistical (Contingency Coefficients , Chi - Square test , Fisher to present the differences between the experimental and control groups. The results of the study shows that the nursing educational program regarding nurses knowledge toward cardiac rehabilitation program phase one is effective. They also shows that there is a good improvement with highly statistically significant differences between pre - post tests of experimental group in overall domains related to nurses practice in items of health assessment heart, assessment chest pain, cardiogenic shock, daily activity living and health education. The study concluded that the nurses working in coronary care unit have deficient knowledge and practices toward cardiac rehabilitation phase one for patient with heart attack. The study also confirms that the instruction oriented program on nurses in the experimental group is successful. The study recommended that the nurses staff can be encouraged and having motivation for being participated in the special training programs and conference to fulfill the nurses needs concerning defects and limitations ed in their practice toward cardiac rehabilitation phase one for patient with heart attack.

البعد الجمالي في التكوينات الابداعية للخط العربي Aesthetic Dimension In Linear Formations Creative Calligraphy

اسم المؤلف: كريم سالم الساعدي
اسم المشرف: جواد عبد الكاظم فرحان الزيدي
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الخط والزخرفة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد مسالة الابداع والابتكار واحدة من اهم المسائل التي تشغل الانسانية في شتى مجالات المعارف والعلوم والفنون، فالابداع سمة العصر الحديث والطريق نحو النمو والرقي الحضاري، ولا يستثنى اي حقل معرفي او جمالي من الانشغال في قضية الابداع والابتكار فهما وسيلة التا | The issue of creativity and innovation is one of the most important issues of concern to humanity in various fields, Creativity characteristic of the times and the road towards progress and prosperity.To Aisttny any field of cognitive or aesthetic preoccupation with this issue, they are the means of meditation deep problems in order to develop solutions to the original and suitable.In Arabic calligraphy, which still indicates many of the questions and give a lot of fields of research is the study of dimensions of creativity is very important to deepen in the region to focus on the aesthetic and artistic objectives.When not studied this issue extensively, has directed the researcher to study through the four seasons, wondering in his first season for dimensional aesthetic that is available by formations linear, and attributes its transformation into a formality creative new leaves the context of traditional and maintains the rules discreet Arabic calligraphy.In the theoretical framework have addressed researcher in three sections to the concept of linear creative formations, as well as the characteristics of the formal and aesthetic and semantic configurable linear, and the effectiveness of Marja receive text language as a springboard aesthetic creative founder of the degree zero aesthetic in modern linear configuration.This included the third chapter action research to analyze the models selected sample and the approval of the orientations of the search, the according to a set of pillars appropriate to achieve the objectives of the research, and seal search a bid for the results showed the contribution of infrastructure design and processing of the contents of the text, and overlapping techniques races other technical in the incorporation of the dimensions of the aesthetic and creative in the configuration linear , as demonstrated by the conclusions of the possibility of achieving the objectives set for the search through the system prepared by the researcher and down to develop a set of recommendations and proposals.

الانفتاح العلامي في الفن المفاهيمي The Symbolic Openness In The Conceptual Art

اسم المؤلف: سامرة فاضل محمد علي
اسم المشرف: مكي عمران راجي الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون التشكيلية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: عني البحث الحالي بدراسة ( الانفتاح العلامي في الفن المفاهيمي ) ويقع في اربعة فصول، خصص الفصل الاول لبيان مشكلة البحث واهميته والحاجة اليه، وهدفه، وحدوده، وتحديد اهم المصطلحات الواردة فيه. وقد تركزت مشكلة البحث على الطبيعة التاويلية للعلامة في ال | This research paper is interested in studying (the symbolic openness in the conceptual art) and consists of four chapters. The first chapter is about the research problem, importance, goal, limits and identifying the most important expressions. The research problem is focused on the interpretation nature of a symbol in the conceptual art in all its expressions resulted by the changes of the world after modernity including the social, politic, economic, and cultural pressures which affect negatively on the level of vision, acceptance and sense. This is guaranteed due to the relation between the art and the modern development which include all human durations across history to be in cope with this change. So the artist is obliged to be more courageous and spontaneous in expressing himself and thoughts to cross the limited lines for the traditional painting to present conceptual artistic works that are not restricted with one artistic style or type to include all exist in nature including the human body, language and consumable items. So the current research's problem is begun through answering the following question, (how can the artist make the recipient as a second author for the artistic script?).The importance of the research is clear because it establishes a critical study to give the searchers, and those who interest in the graphic sides, a chance to be informed about the kinds of the conceptual art including the symbolic openness.The searcher finds this study is so important because there are no previous studies focusing on the symbolic openness in the conceptual art. The searcher also wants to be interested in the basis of this study to fulfill the intended goal which is identifying the symbolic openness in the conceptual art.The subjective research limits include the study of the symbolic openness in the conceptual art in all its branches, elements, time limits (1965 - 2016) and place limits including (USA, UK, Germany, Mexico and France). The important expressions in this research are also clarified.The second chapter is about the theoretical frame and the previous studies which includes four topics : the first topic is about the theories of a symbol in the critical studies. The second is about studying the thoughtful basis of the symbolic openness in arts after modernity. The third is about the conceptual art, the conceptual context and the graphic system. The last is about the indicators. The second chapter ends with the previous studies which are not closed to the current study.The third chapter is about the research procedures including identifying all the samples which is (200 artistic works) and choosing and analyzing only (20 artistic works) intentionally.The fourth chapter includes the results which are : 1 - Achieving the symbolic openness through interaction and conversation and be away from autism and introversion in all research samples.2 - There are many sides of the conceptual art including the language, graphic art, geography and the human body. So it is an art of moved concepts which are effective in the daily life of a human being and his environment.3 - The idea in the conceptual art is the tool which makes the art through its philosophic embodiment. This leads to make an argument which raises questions that make the visual perceiver be in harmony with senses and mental action and the artistic work to obtain the symbols, signs and concepts. Another results are : 1 - The searcher tries to clarify the script origin and its openness to be interpretable to make the recipient (second author) read and understand more meanings and facts as in the research samples. 2 - The recipient is responsible for understanding the artistic work to create new items that help in understanding the work.The research ends with recommendations, suggestions, references and appendixes.

المثاقفة وتمظهراتها في العرض المسرحي العراقي المعاصر Acculturation And Its Demonstrations In The Iraqi Contemporary Theatrical Performance

اسم المؤلف: علي عبد الحسين عبد الشيباني
اسم المشرف: علي محمد هادي الربيعي
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: وظفت مفاهيم المثاقفة واجراءاتها العملية في ميادين انسانية كثيرة ومنها الفن المسرحي بوصف المسرح ميدانا لخطاب فني / انساني قائم على عمليات التواصل والتفاعل والتاثر والتاثير بين الامم والثقافات, وبين الذات والاخر على اساس من الشراكة الضمنية, يهدف الى انت | Hired acculturation concepts and procedures of the operation in humanitarian fields and many of them theatrical art as Theatre Square speech technician / inhumane based on communication and interaction, vulnerability and influence among nations and cultures, processes, and between the self and the other on the basis of the implicit partnership, aimed at the production of localized knowledge depends on the existence of an intellectual and artistic elements , went in my intention (ego) to (other). Where they can not conceive of a theatrical presentation does not belong in the process of becoming the Performing to acculturation with other operations, which carries the same deliberate motives, in order to influence the other heading his theatrical discourse, this study aims to monitor the acculturation concepts and mechanisms of functioning as it presents are manifestations which acculturation Which shows in multiple letters of knowledge (historical, literary and artistic), including the theater, especially in the theater, to open doors on jurisprudence and the experiences of the cultural dialogue and the exchange of knowledge - based and interactive communicative stems from acculturation as a truly civilized based on the interaction and communication between different cultures, which means that the play is based on acculturation play with the other is determined mainly through the presence of the tributaries of the play from different cultures, which requires the presence of acculturation theatrical haunted obsession identity and try to consolidate the theatrical phenomenon in the Iraqi theater and the Arab world.This dilemma stems from a researcher at the establishment placed his research is marked (acculturation and their appearance in the contemporary theater of Iraq). The study came in four chapters formulated according to the following conformation : Chapter One : a methodological framework for the study. The researcher of the research problem, related to the phenomenon of acculturation as a given, civilizational, cultural, and scientific and technical give would represent entirely on the nature of the performance and its practical applications in the theater. And for which I got transformations and alterations drastic manner display through the possibility of dialogue and interaction on the intellectual level and formal appearances and their interaction in the aesthetic and semantic markup.Then go researcher to the importance of research, and its objectives, and its borders, determine the terminology, where linguistic definitions and terminology adopted by the terms (acculturation) and (manifestations) depending on the operational definition for both.The second chapter, a theoretical framework, it came with three topics : First topic : Epistemology acculturation. Three axes.The first axis : Prospects and theoretical concepts.The second axis : the types of acculturation (levels - Varieties - mechanisms).The third axis : acculturation under cultural globalization.The second topic : data models of acculturation in a speech literary culture. Specifically in models including : (Trips - Translation - Intersexuality - comparison - Literary criticism).The third topic : theatrical manifestations of acculturation between local and global privacy. It came with double.The first axis : manifestations of acculturation in the world stage.The second axis : manifestations of acculturation in the identity and privacy of rooting in the Arab and Iraqi theater.He concluded the second quarter indicators of the theoretical framework and previous studies, and the most prominent indicators : 1. characterized acculturation theatrical feature correlation theatrical performances, all displayed offset by another offer, within the fabric of quotations and previous assignments and contemporary performances of different directions.2. benefit acculturation theatrical cultural exchange effect between culture and other humanitarian consideration given common heritage of all nations. The third chapter, research procedures, related to an inventory of community search and selection of research sample. Access to research sample that consisted of theater the following analysis : • A play women in the war.• A play Ali Al - ordeiy and rivals.• A play Camp.• A play red carpet. The fourth chapter, it has dealt with the results of the research sample and discuss the analysis, including : - Contributed acculturation operations in most of the presentations to the activation of the intellectual and cultural aspects on the one hand, and self - knowledge and point of reference on the other. - Dealing with cultural globalization as an imported culture, it was a positive feature, making them Meet director with the local culture to be intellectually tunic / new practice, as a show of renewal carries attributes.And then conclusions, and including : - The play with the offsets Cultural lead to the widening of intellectual meaning and significance, and not necessarily lead to the break approved expectation and create an aesthetic distance. Which establishes a mission to an area of interpretation. - The effectiveness of acculturation contribute to the theater to achieve a state of communication between what refers to the width of multiculturalism on the one hand, and between the cultural repertoire receiver on the other. Deepening receiving effective. Then came the recommendations and proposals that emphasized the importance of the effectiveness of acculturation in the play and the need to expand work out and study them systematically. Then concluded Find a list of references in Arabic and translated sources, foreign sources, as well as a summary of the search in English

جماليات الخطاب النسوي في فنون ما بعد الحداثة The Aesthetics Of Feminist Discourse In The Arts Of Postmodernism

اسم المؤلف: فرح علي عبد الرزاق الدليمي
اسم المشرف: محمد علي علوان عباس القره غولي
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون التشكيلية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: عني هذا البحث بدراسة ( جماليات الخطاب النسوي في فنون ما بعد الحداثة) وهو يقع في اربعة فصول الاول لبيان مشكلة البحث، واهميته، والحاجة اليه، وهدفه، وتحديد اهم المصطلحات الواردة فيه، وقد انطوت مشكلة البحث الحالي على الكشف على ان ما شهده العالم الغربي من | Focus this research to study ( The aesthetics of the annual speech in the arts of postmodernism ) is situated in the four chapters of the statement of the research problem, and the importance of, and need for, and purpose, and to identify the most important terms contained therein, have involved the problem of current research to reveal that what the western world has witnessed the a change in the concepts and transformations of intellectual and what happened from the rapid changes has had a clear impact in bringing about changes in the various structures and as a result of those big changes that affected the cultural, literary and cash by engaging in systems as well as cultural, literary and artistic on the other hand engage in systems, it promotes the emergence of new types of literature including feminist who was an anti - hegemony of art and literature male has adopted the theses of feminist criticism pivotal link antithesis between accomplished male dominance and the accomplished feminist and a weak presence on an area of research literature, and the theses postmodern fertile area from which the feminist movement demands, general women and actresses in particular I have proven that every woman is able to achieve the same in the works of art and literature and in line with the philosophical and intellectual propositions of postmodernism.Hence the problem of current research originated through the following questions : - What is the role played by data feminist discourse in the art of post - modernism? - How did the contemporary visual artists, may file accomplishing visually crystallizes feminist speech from an aesthetic perspective holds insights and theses culture feminism? The importance of searching through explanation for literary and monetary concepts contemporary have a close relationship with art feminist masculinity and femininity, and the feminine and feminist and women's notions of parental (Patriarchate) and gender and its relation to the ideas of postmodernism, and represents an attempt to shed light on the nature of the relationship between the aesthetics of feminist discourse and the products of post - modernism, according to interested professionals through access to the findings and conclusions, it has found a researcher that there is an urgent need for this study is the fact that the subject has not been studied previously within the area effective for the products of arts postmodernism, as well as this study the concentration of matter on the contemporary visual artists and knowledge her methods performing and her creative achievements which has been absent for several decades.The aim of this research to know the aesthetics of feminist discourse in the arts of postmodernism was limited research on how long the time period of (1951 - 2016) and of studying the feminist productions for artists postmodern and executed with different materials at different ores in streams (abstract expressionism, pop art, visual art , graffiti art, conceptual art, art synthesis, new expressionism, digital art).The second chapter (theoretical framework) guarantees the three sections, first topic focus to the concept of post - modernism and the arguments of Netasheh and Freud, structural and some concepts that diffusion structuralism, deconstruction and the proposals of Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault, and a speech after the buzzards and globalization, and a letter of postmodernism and the culture of consumption, while focus second topic entrance into feminism and feminist literature and criticism feminist, language and given the female of the text, while the third section rotation arts postmodern and implications of feminist discourse in streams (abstract expressionism, pop art, visual art, graffiti art, conceptual art, art synthesis new expressionism, digital art).Chapter three has included action research, the researcher reviewed the research community and appointed by the style selected.The fourth chapter focus on results search results and conclusions, summarized the researcher to a range of outcomes, including : 1. Feminist discourse depends on the products of postmodernism on data aesthetic transformation and stylistic and technical as well as formulations structural forms of intellectual and contents and their contents, which appeared in the second half of the twentieth century, has shown the emergence of post - modernism, according to the visions of intellectual feminist adopt a new attitude to express contemporary problems of women, as in the research sample models.2. Gaining visual artists experiments in post - modernism, the dimensions of functioning merge with the experiences of contemporary plastic artists, but up to focus on the necessities of research on the technical trend on the one hand the aesthetic and the inevitability of a departure from the prevailing traditional patterns on the other hand, as in the research sample models.3. The theme of alienation in the products of human visual artists, the investment pattern overlap between the conscious and unconscious, and between reason and emotion, a choice of intellectual touches the essence of the idea of self and carry meanings and connotations, as in most of the research sample models.The researcher has reached a number of conclusions, including : 1. Aesthetics feminist discourse in the arts contributed postmodern elevating of philosophy initiated no mind and the adoption of individual categories and chance and blow up the idea of art through the presence of the idea of demolition and dismantling of the bonds aesthetic realities.2. Uniformity intellectual formulations for aesthetics feminist discourse in the arts of postmodern philosophies with frameworks postmodern theses and feminist criticism, as well as other contemporary monetary concepts that have had an active role in deepening the critical reading and calendar visual feminist done.3. Interpret the visual landscape of the products of feminist art, aesthetically, as manifestation Layout hermeneutical reading and analysis, especially where infrastructure is enhanced mental scene assignments of symbolic probe form actually modulated semantic from the signifier and the signified. The researcher considers a series of recommendations including : 1. Interest in academic studies that specializes in visual themes of feminist art and that the lack of the existing ones in the scientific field, the big and important in the definition of this art with data and types.2. The establishment of cultural institutions and the houses of the Arab local publishing translated foreign sources dealing with plastic feminist art experiences in the world, the lack of such sources in specialized scientific libraries.3. The establishment of plastic arts exhibitions and annual festivals and events and periodic conferences, dealing with plastic feminist art, and the definition of the methods and insights, methods and propositions own visual artists.The researcher proposed the following headings study : 1. Aesthetics feminist discourse in modern art.2. Feminist discourse and representations in products of contemporary Arab art.3. The aesthetics of the image in contemporary feminist art

جماليات التقنيات الرقمية في تشكيل العرض المسرحي العالمي Aestheticism Of Digital Techniques In The Formation Of The International Theatrical Performance

اسم المؤلف: محمد كاظم هاشم الشمري
اسم المشرف: محمد حسين محمد حبيب
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتكون التقنية الرقمية من الاجهزة والوسائل والمعدات التي تعمل بالنظام الثنائي اي نظام التشفير الذي يتكون من ( 0 , 1 ) ويعد الحاسوب التقنية الرئيسة التي تتفرع منها العديد من التقنيات والاجهزة الرقمية التي تخص العرض المسرحي كاجهزة الاسقاط الضوئي او اجهزة الم | The digital technique consists of the apparatus, tools and means that work in the dual system, i.e., encoding system which is composed of (0 , 1). The computer is considered the main technique which is subdivided into various digital techniques and tools that are related to the theatrical performance such as the apparatus of light focusing or the apparatus of sound and image processing. These techniques have gained aesthetic and creative value through their use as an important technique that plays role in the theatrical performance. These techniques have given the theatrical director vast space in varying his hypotheses and choices via specifying the dramatic environment of the events; they also help in creating new means and forms which have had an important role in establishing the philosophical dimensions of the theatrical director. The letter has four chapters : The first (the problem) is the following inquiry : What aesthetics can be achieved by digital techniques in the world theater? The chapter also includes (importance) by focusing on the importance of digital techniques in theatrical performance. The chapter also includes (Objective) an illustration of the aesthetics of digital technologies in the world theater. This chapter, which is temporarily restricted to the period 2005 - 2015, includes space for international theatrical performances, including foreign, Arabic and Iraqi performances, and an objective study of digital techniques in directing theater performances. The chapter ends with linguistic terms and definitions, both in terms of terminology and procedure. The second chapter, the theoretical framework and previous studies, included three sections : First : digital art; trends and views. And the second : digital technical devices and mechanisms of its work in contemporary theater. The third is the aesthetics of digital technologies. The chapter ends with a discussion of previous studies and indicators coming from the theoretical framework. The third chapter, the procedures, includes the society of the research and the samples which have been chosen intentionally depending on the indicators of the theoretical framework being a tool to analyze in a descriptive, analytical method. Then five performances including (foreign, Arabic and Iraqi). The fourth chapter involves discussing the results, the conclusions, the recommendations, and the suggestions. The chapter ends with the bibliography, the appendices and an abstract in English.

تكنيك ميسنر ومقارباته في اداء الممثل المسرحي العراقي Meisner Technique And Its Approaches In The Performance Of The Iraqi Theatre Actor

اسم المؤلف: سرمد سليم عباس حسن
اسم المشرف: محمد فضيل شناوة عقيل جعفر مسلم
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد تكنيك ( ميسنر ) لاداء الممثل من الاطروحات المعاصرة في مجال فن التمثيل المسرحي, ومن هنا عنيت الدراسة في البحث الحالي بمقاربات هذه التكنيك في اداء الممثل المسرحي العراقي, اذ جاءت في اربعة فصول. تناول الفصل الاول الاطار المنهجي للبحث, اذ ضم مشكلة البحث | Meisner technique of the actor's performance is one of the contemporary subjects in the field of theoretical acting. Hence, this study deals with the approaches of this technique in the performance of the Iraqi theatre actor. This study is divided into four chapters. The first chapter deals with the methodological framework of the study which is identified by the following question : What is the Meisner technique? And what are its approaches in the performance of the Iraqi theatre actor? The importance of the research lies in studying Meisner technique and its approaches in the performance of the Iraqi theatre actor and it is needed because of the following : 1. It is useful for those who are specialized in theatre acting to develop their skills on stage. 2. This study can be described as one of the studies that participate in developing the capacity of theatre actors. The objective of the research is identified by defining Meisner technique and its approaches in the performance of the Iraqi theatre actor. Furthermore, this chapter includes the research limits (place : Iraq Baghdad national theatre / time : 2009 - 2015) and the objective limit of the Meisner technique and its approaches in the performance of Iraqi theatre actor. This chapter is concluded by identification and definition of terminology. The second chapter tackles the theoretical framework and previous studies. It contains three topics : the first topic studies the philosophical and technical starting points of Meisner technique. The second topic studies Meisner technique (mechanism and engagement), while the third topic tackles the applications of Meisner technique in the international and Arab theatre. Finally, this chapter is concluded with indicators resulting from theoretical framework, and then previous studies. The third chapter contains the research procedures. It includes the research community consisting of 38 plays containing approaches to Iraqi theatre actors from Meisner technique. It also contains the research sample which consists of (5 plays). These plays, which are intentionally selected by the researcher as they represent the research community, are : Al - Iskafi, Al - Waqiaa Street, Nashaz, Summer rain, and Mannisama. However, the researcher depends on the descriptive (analytical) approach to meet the objective of the research. The researcher also uses the notes form as a main tool to analyze the sample depending on references and literature, as well as indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework as analytical standards, and then the sample analysis. The fourth chapter tackles the results and findings that are reached and discussed by the researcher, including : The play (Al - Iskafi)The most obvious result of this play is that the representation in this play is far from any role of personal memory in the performance of the role of the theater, it did not have an investment in the performance of the characters of the theater, and this clear approach to what calls (Meisner) to direct the actor to dispense The Iraqi actor has come very close to achieving this lawsuit without passing the techniques of (Meisner), in terms of which is the technology has provided a systematic way and for the first time to these The problem, however, the Iraqi actor in this presentation did not go through solutions to the impediments of representative performance through the technique of (Meisner) deliberately, but the practical experience of the art of acting led to the realization of the problems and approaches of solutions.Results : 1. Meisner technique has been approached through replacing the emotional memory by the artistic imagination as a source for acting by Iraqi theatre actor, although this situation keeps him away from what's happening on stage.2. Meisner technique has been approached through Iraqi theatre actor's dependence on the immediate experience as a source for acting and not to enhance his spontaneous performance and reactions between him and the other actors on stage. 3. There is no approach for Meisner technique when the actor depends, in the Iraqi theatre show, on his character as a source for actor, without taking into account the imagined theatre conditions, which negatively affected the vitality of the acting performance on stage.This chapter also includes some recommendations and suggestions.The research ended with a list of sources, references, appendices and an abstract in English.

اثر تحول البنية البلورية لاوكسيد الحديد في زجاج عالي الحرارة The Effect Of Crystal Structure Transformation Of Iron Oxide In A High - Temperature Glaze

اسم المؤلف: علي صلاح فلاح السلطاني
اسم المشرف: تراث امين عباس
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون التشكيلية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعنى هذا البحث بدراسة اثر تحول البنية البلورية لاوكسيد الحديد في زجاج عالي الحرارة , والذي يقع في اربعة فصول , حيث تضمن الفصل الاول عرضا لمشكلة البحث والمحددة بالتساؤل الاتي : ما هي تحولات الاطوار البلورية لاوكسيد الحديد في زجاج عالي الحرارة , والتقنيات ا | This research means to study (The effect of crystal structure transformation of iron oxide in a high - temperature glaze) , it consists of four chapters, the first chapter presentation of the problem and the specific questioning follows, what are the changes the crystalline phases of iron oxide in a high - temperature glaze , and techniques resulting from them? While the research objectives legally set as follows : Define the shift in the crystalline phases of iron oxide in a high - temperature glaze.Define the techniques resulting from these transformations of iron oxide in a high - temperature glaze.The second chapter mean theoretical frame and previous studies, is divided on several axes, where mean first axis study crystalline structure, while the second axis mean studying the crystalline structure of the ceramics, and the third axis mean studying iron oxide red (Fe2O3) properties and crystal structure, and the last axis mean has studied stoneware (stoneware).The third chapter dealt procedures for the search, which was conducted the work of five firing and cooling programs and these programs are, oxidized firing program (OG) reduction firing program (RG) slow cooling oxidized program (SG) the Program of firing crystalline (CG) and the program of firing multilayer glaze oxidized (LG), and in the light of these programs and the results of exploratory experiments were selected a number of mixes glaze according to each burn and cooling program, has been added red iron oxide (Fe2O3) to these mixtures different proportions.The formula unit is to calculate (Formula Unites) using an electronic formula calculation program (Glaze Master) which illustrates the totals for the three oxides values (RO2 - R2O3 - RO, R2O) set the temperature from which the inference coordinates system (Matrix).The researcher also conducted several laboratory tests the chemical Analysis , physical examinations of samples of pottery and clay (Linear Shrinkage, Apparent Porosity) and checking mineral analysis (X.R.D) for mixtures of glaze as well as examine chromatography analysis according to the system (LAB) through the use of a chromatography analysis (Precise Color Reader).The fourth chapter mean displays the results and discuss them the most important conclusions are : 1. Transformations taking place in the crystalline phases of red iron oxide (Fe2O3), resulting from the heat and cooling agents.2. Different atmosphere fire given changes in the crystalline structure of the oxide red iron (Fe2O3) by firing oxidized and reduction programs.3. It gave atmosphere reduction fired best shift of the crystalline structure of the iron oxide red, as the transformation from hexagonal crystal system with a crystallized form of a Rhombohedral system to the crystal cube.4. Proved that the oxidized firning program and slow cooling oxidized and fire the crystal's ability to keep the crystal structure of the iron oxide red in the crystal system is hexagonal shaped crystal Rhombohedra.5. Get the display technical amorphous (Crystalline Glazes) of red iron oxide, using feldspar Potash or soda, without resorting to the use of (Frit).

شعرية النصوص المكتوبة لليوم العالمي للمسرح : دراسة ثقافية

اسم المؤلف: انس راهي علي الصالحي
اسم المشرف: عباس محمد ابراهيم التاجر
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون المسرحية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد الاعلام من المنظومات المهيمنة على شكل الحياة اليومي والتي تتناغم مع الفرد وتسيطر علية من خلال العلاقة المشتركة والمتبادلة حديثا التي تؤسس لمفهوم اعلامي , وما ياتي ذلك المشترك المتبادل الا من خلال مضمون رسالي , الذي يعد احد العناصر الاتصالية والتي لا ت | Considering the media as one of the systems which dominates on the style of daily life getting along with the individual and it takes control on him through the associated and mutual relation recently leading to the concept of recipient media which that the associated - mutual comes but by means of epistolary signification is one of the communicative elements , not limited to it but there the means which is not only presenting this signification and completing the relation in the presence of the recipient and then the virtual outputs from this process the sender did. This process makes the media on a par with modern critical opinions aim to adopt the communities wholly and the marginalized particularly since it is a reason to be dominant on by comparison with the developed countries or others as being honest image for the positive honest media. This what was coincided with the field of cultural studies which presents in this modern age a combination of the theories and approaches appointing itself to determine and peruse the social styles as well as to show up the culturalism of the identity in this society. It is juxtaposition of perusal of media and its purpose in revealing the daily life , though the usages all agree with that is the media becomes seeking in positive and negative sides.It is worth that theatre would be typical informative and cultural message contributes in exposing facts for society. It is the official document for thespians which is reliable for the researcher is (the written texts of Universal Day of Theatre) that issues every year on 27th of March and the contributor in feeding the theatre as well as the theatrical community what is new for life by the daily performance of one year in order to reveal the importance of the theatre and its political social tenors …etc. From this the researcher adopted three points contributing in evaluation the theatrical scene and emphasis on humanistic progress , promotion of cultural levels in the countries and the marginalized groups for their belonging to the geography of theatrical knowledge. Hence, current research has included four chapters the first chapter on the methodological framework which concerns with the query of research , as follows : * What are the foundations and specifications that cultural studies operate accordingly in the written texts of the International Day of theater through modern media system?. Then the importance of research and the need for it and that came on the research which adopts a subject has not been studied, particularly in the field of theater, and it exists in the search and pursuit of cultural studies and how they are formed in the communities, and also the possibility to benefit from this research in informing scholars of literature and art, criticism and the revolution of modern communication , especially the theatrical art as being more important cultural theme….etc, then the aim of research and transition is to set the terms linguistically, idiomatically and procedurally in the second chapter, which contained the theoretical framework has been divided into four sections are.1. Section I : the media and the means of reception , contemporary cognitive and technological foundations : - (A) the concepts of media and its educational role. (B)the reception of media and understanding of its foundations technologically and culturally.2. The second topic : the intellectual and cognitive references for cultural studies.3. The third topic : the privacy of written texts Universal Day of Theater and their poetical concepts.4. Section IV : the effectiveness of media for written texts in the Universal Day of Theatre and the features of the cultural studies.Then the previous studies and indicators which lead up to the theoretical framework.In the third chapter, the separation of the procedures that researcher adopted on search community consists of (14) theatrical text, and in the samples and their analysis so he has chosen four samples and by method of selection of a regular random sample. in the fourth chapter, the separation of the findings, conclusions , recommendations and suggestions that researcher reached a number of which are of the most important 1. employment of media and its available possibilities for the theatrical / cultural operation that affect on the people and its cultures being a mediator rhetorically toward the other2.The media machine contributed significantly to the cultural developments and continues to find ways of various communication are based on the quickness that time we live is distinguish of. 3.written texts for the International Day of Theater sough o express the underdeveloped / folk / marginalized cultures through investment of media and the concepts which the cultural studies present.4.large developments can take place through the activation of the basic role that the theater acts. And also the awareness of cultural studies and then changing the public opinion toward the right and optimization of human. According to the conclusions the researcher has set 30 conclusions 1. diversity of media and means of audio, visual, readable, and fixed that means diversity of communication and continuity. 2.uses and gratification which constitutes the operation of liberalization of meanings the recipient concludes that is the opportunity has been granted to meet the reception of media 3.The absence of differences and the limitless between / local , international and popular cultures for Kramchi. 4.Universal Day of Theater identifies with other global - day as the Day of Human Rights and Child and Labor Day.5. the selection of the writer of the written text writer for the Universal Day of Theater according to the specifications of the global presence and his humanistic artistic achievements which is more important. 6.written texts of the International Day for the theater sought to remove the borders between cultures and humanistic societies. And then the researcher came up with a set recommendations and suggestions. Praise to be to God The Cherisher and Sustainer of the Worlds

الملامح الدرامية وتمثلاتها في منحوتات بلاد النهرين The Dramatic Features Which Are Represented In The Sculptures Of Two Rivers Land

اسم المؤلف: محمد علوان كاظم العتبي
اسم المشرف: عبد الحميد فاضل البياتي
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون التشكيلية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study intends for plastic creations which belongs to the civilization for two Rivers Land , and entitled "The dramatic features which are represented in the sculptures of Two Rivers Land ". It is a perusal to the protruding sculptures and the cylindrical stamps in attempt to know the dramatic structure they contained , through which the artist of the Two Rivers established plastic images change by their meanings the oratorical to imitate the human action and its religious , political and social connections by describing them as intellectual concepts, their methodology is the brain of the Two Rivers since the semi - writing age until the decline of modern Babylon, The study included a discussion of the dramatic construction elements and the mechanism of their working in the sculptures with regard to their formal and conceptual symmetries. The study included four chapters, the first chapter contained the methodical frame of the study , starting with the problem ended with the following inquiry : How were the dramatic features represented in the sculptures of Two Rivers Land ? The study is important because it highlights the dimensions of drama a concept by describing them as an aesthetic structure controls in a gestation of Two Rivers Land sculptor, which forms a new perusal to the sculptural texts which belong to that age with its historical sequences. The study also paves the way for larger understanding of Two Rivers culture in its artistic and historical aspects. The purpose of the study summarizes in coming to know the dramatic features represented in the sculptures of Two Rivers Land. The chapter also included the limits of the study represented ( by subject ) in the sculptural , protruding product and the cylindrical stamps , and ( by place ) the Two Rivers Land , and ( by time ) from the semi - writing age till the end of the modern Babylon age. Moreover , the researcher defined the terms of the title of the study used in the theoretical frame and the procedures , when on the other hand , the second chapter included the theoretical frame and the previous studies of the research, for it included three basic studies , the first took an interest in the drama concept and its rise, in which the researcher reviewed a preface about the rise of drama and the elements of the dramatic structure ( the plot, personality , language, the idea and the visualizations ) , in addition to the historical roots of the rise of drama in the plastic arts and their changes through the ages. The second research was entitled " The dramatic features in the thought of the Two Rivers Land " which branches into two axes , the first " The dramatic features in the religious thought ( the beliefs, rites and legends ), the second axis included the dramatic features in the authoritative thought , through which the researcher reviewed the dramatic ceremonies concern the ownership and its religious connections. The title of the third research was " The dramatic features in arts of Two Rivers Land " , which tackled the dramatic works in the plastic arts ( building , sculpture , cylindrical stamps , crockery and the mural ). The third chapter was based on the procedural frame contained the whole study , included the sculptures of the Two Rivers Land ( the protruding and cylindrical stamps ) which come to ( 120 ) samples , regarded as an establishing base to choose the study specimen which comes to ( 20 ) samples , and were choose intentionally according to reasons allowed by the researcher to comply with the study purpose, among them , depending on the texts in which the dramatic features concentrated within their formal and conceptual systems which drive at the realization of the dramatic structure which was contained in the sculptures of the Two Rivers Land. The researcher also depended on the cognitive indicators which were revealed by the theoretical frame as an instrument for research , but the research methodology is the ( descriptive, analytic ) as the followed methodology in the artistic and aesthetic studies followed by analyzing samples of the study specimen. The fourth chapter was a review of the most important results which were reached by the researcher after analyzing the sculptural samples represented the study specimen , the most important among them was : The dramatic features become clear in the sculptural texts through treating the dramatic structure elements by the artist. The researcher reviewed the approaches of those elements and the mechanism of their working in the samples mentioned in the analysis and the dramatic action rise in the specimen samples through the concept of ( the struggle ) which materializes in the sculptural views according to the action structure and its subject, where it reflects the human behavior structure and the wills contradiction in the content of the dramatic performance and in the light of those results , the researcher reaches several deductions , the most important among them are : the Two Rivers Land artist had a large capacity in observing and comprehension the reality and in imitation it , in addition to his awareness to his awareness to the intellectual changes through the history of that civilization , therefore , the sculptural works came to embody the cultural scene and its development in every age , followed by recommendations which the researcher thinks can serve and develop the artistic production movement in Iraq, then the researcher offer some suggestions to continue what he has started according to what he has raised of topics in the tour of his study. Finally , the researcher put the sources and the references which contributed in the theoretical establishment of the study and what followed it , in analyzing of the study specimen , then he put the appendixes which contained the illustrative tables regarding to the subject of the study , until the study is concluded by an abstract in English language.

جماليات المنحوتات الخزفية في العصر السلجوقي

اسم المؤلف: ميساء سليم عبد الواحد الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: محمود عجمي جاسم الكلابي
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون التشكيلية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعنى هذا البحث بدراسة جماليات المنحوتات الخزفية في العصر الاسلامي السلجوقي، والذي يقع في اربعة فصول : تضمن الفصل الاول عرضا لمشكلة البحث والمحددة بالتساؤلين الاتيين : هل شكل العصر الاسلامي السلجوقي ظاهرة في الطرح لما انجز من المنحوتات الخزفية، بحكم م

ما بعد الحداثة وانعكاساتها في سينوغرافيا العرض المسرحي العراقي Postmodernism And Anekasthe In Scenography Supply Iraqi The

اسم المؤلف: فيصل علي شرين الدوسكي
اسم المشرف: قاسم مؤنس عزيز
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2014
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد فن المسرح من الظواهر الحضارية الانسانية، اذ يوصف بالتطور على مستوى وجود الانسان بمستواة التاريخي، ويعد قديما على مستوى ظهور الحضارات الكبرى كما هو حال حضارة وادي الرافدين، ووادي النيل، والحضارة الاغريقية...الخ.ويمكن لقاريء تاريخ المسرح ان يلتمس ت | The art of the theater phenomena of human civilization , as described evolution at the level of the existence of the historical rights to its level , and is out of date at the level of the emergence of great civilizations , as is the case with the civilization of Mesopotamia and the Nile Valley and the Greek civilization... etc..A reader theater history to seek the development of the theater with Greek civilization and Romania to disclose material and references and institutions with beginnings and growth , which differed in which researchers , but what can we adopt in this thesis is what constitutes the structure PRESENTATION formal and dynamic game play as the development of methods Manifesting dazzling accompanied this growth of civilization , which can be described as the growth of tissue adopted all the knowledge available in the neighborhoods of the investment game play , including the science of optics and physical blocks and the lighting and colors and different... etc. Alaihamat of Science neighboring possible to utilize them in a product of game play.This as well as the evolution and transformation of aesthetically pleasing as a result of shifts in the structure of consciousness itself , and appointed to the nature of beauty and the beautiful , including changes to the historical level of movements and technical approaches , which as the variable information on the level of art history , or philosophy of art history , and is the idea of post - modernism , and their productions of the most important aspects of development and transformation in the taste of the Assembly, which swept the arts and literature , and all the creative structures of human civilization , including the art of theater that has been affected by and produced what we might call postmodern theater , which skips steps intellectually and technically.One manifestation of the modern theater transformation broad scenography theater , which was adopted approaches and trends of modernity , starting from Impressionist and passing Baltkaaabah and symbolic and Dadaism and the end Balsraalah , but that theater modernism influenced by the art of assembly and installation , which is one of the arts postmodern At the time of modernity itself and it is normal because the interval between modernity and Beyond separator default, can not be entirely watershed where things are a lot of overlap.The postmodern art , particularly theater , has achieved the outcomes of the task can be half to proceed with actors , which will reveal the institutions of post - modernism itself , and these outcomes with regard to the art of body art of the earth , and Video, and digital art , and these trends that form the structure of post - modernism , and found its place fertile in the art of theater in its system design.The Iraqi theater of theaters in bold and call variables which surprised theaters in the neighboring countries and the manifestations of this is what we find in the daring design creations , especially theater scenography of postmodernism.The researcher found that this trend did not take his scientific position and described dimension for analysis and exploration and drilling flour , despite the importance of the subject and seriousness because a shift in the overall environment for viewing theater , directed towards the form that builds scenography theater as an important center and active in PRESENTATION , which shows the importance of this research and the need for him as well as the goals and limitations cited by the researcher in the first chapter of this thesis and after the completion of the researcher to this chapter represented a systematic framework for the search , and then the definition of terms , the frame of mind of knowledge ( theory) is built on the following according to the detective.To enable the researcher of the mechanism of scientific research the exact terms founded and bases to reveal the secrets of this organization and to realize the verdicts Almazmrh and which was governed by a set of structures and cultural patterns , social, economic and even psychological linked Bmarjaaat doctrinal through First research of the second quarter , which was under the title ( the philosophy of modernity onwards ) of this section has been detected philosophy of modernity and their references and their origins and transformations to the postmodern.The second section devoted to ( artistic forms of art postmodern ) because the subject of modernity and beyond is the fabric represents all aspects of civilization kinds Mstdeih inclusiveness and interaction of all aspects of culture change that was philosophically and politically or scientifically or technically , and calls for change and openness to the new.The third section ( Alcinogravea and a mechanism to engage in postmodern theater ) reveals that the correlation between design and architectural Alcinogravea stage and the mechanism of performance and technology that have subscribed to a set of elements and mechanisms that shape the visual presentation of the playwright. Reading is the new scenography in postmodern theater allows for the recipient that explains the artwork in his own way , but re - formed , and according to his reading on what he sees and diversity of stylistic trends of the scenography depending on the variety of trends and styles in the era of post - modernism.After he finished his research researcher kits through detective theoretical , intellectual and technical moved to the third quarter , which represents action research as beginning with his community and his research samples and method , and the method of sampling Mentahja intentionality of the total samples of the title in question and the justification for the selection of samples.Finally, it was the fourth quarter , representing the results and conclusions reached by scientific research which has important consequences on the theoretical level analytical and exploratory and finally the level of future default.The researcher presented at the end of his research recommendations was for supplements that include interviews and research provided by the professors thought and literature, theater and the creators of the design at the College of Fine Arts Mtfdilan thankfully they are both professors Prof. Dr. Fadil (Sami Abdul - Hamid ) , Dr Fadil ( Fadel Khalil ) Dr Fadil ( Salah reeds ) , Dr Fadil ( Abbas Ali Jaafar ) Dr Fadil ( star Haider ) , Dr Fadil ( Hussein Altk ) , Dr Fadil ( Mohammed Abdel - Rahman al - Jubouri ) , Dr Fadil ( Aqeel Muslim).Finally, like the researcher a statement that art ( scenography ) postmodernism in the Iraqi theater is an art recently has been associated with the renaissance of the theater , after the arrival of creative artists from Europe , including the artist ( Kadhim Haydar ) and artist (Sami Abdel Hamid) and artist (Ibrahim Jalal ) and artist ( Fadel Khalil ) and artist ( Salah reeds ), which is an inexact art and composite difficult to interact with it and achieve results , making its employees do not complete the fingers stop per numbering they Mtfaalon in the level of their offspring quantitative and qualitative , and many of the constraints facing the working art Alcingravea , including constraints and objective thought , because theater postmodern disregards the form and terms of reference or foundations or private art techniques , each work has its style and its terms of reference and ideas that are different from the other work