العلاقات الباكستانية - الافغانية 1947 - 1979 : دراسة تاريخية == Pakistani - Afghan Relations 1947 - 1979 : A Historical Study
Author name:
هند علي حسن
Supervisor name:
سنان صادق حسين الزيدي
Abstract:
This is a study of "Pakistani - Afghan Relations, 1947 - 1979. A Historical Study". It is divided into introduction and four chapters, as well as a conclusion in which all results reached at, are mentioned.Chapter one comes under the title "The Pakistani - Afghan Relations, 15 August, 1947 - 30 December, 1952" which dealt with the positions of Afghanistan towards the independence of Pakistan and recognition of it, the attitude of Afghan government regarding the request of Pakistan to join the United Nations, the nature of the relation between Pakistan and Afghanistan and new aspects that reflected upon their relations for the period of (1947 - 1952), India played a great role in deepening the differences between Pakistan and Afghanistan, besides the tensions on their borders which paved the way for broadening the dispute. International mediations played an important role in solving the dispute between Pakistan and Afghanistan. On 16 October 1951, Pakistan accused the Afghan government for assassination of the prime minister of Pakistan Mr. Liyaqat Ali Khan, which affected deeply the Pakistani - Afghan Relations, and Pakistan government tried to hold Islamic and economic conferences on its own territories in order to develop its relation with Afghanistan , therefore the relationship between both sides characterized by ebb and tide till December, 1952.Chapter two "plans of regional and International allies and blocs and their effects upon the Pakistani - Afghan relations, February 1953 - 27 October 1958", and it contains many topics, such as rising of tension between the two countries, especially after the declaration of Pakistan the unity of western province and joining cento and seato organization the leadership of United States of America. Also the same period witnessed aggression on Pakistan embassy in Kabul on 30th of March, 1955, and international mediations in to activate the diplomatic relationship between Karachi and Kabul which both got aids from United States of America.Chapter three " Pakistani - Afghan during the reign of relations Pakistani president Mohammed Ayyob Khan 27 October, 1958 - 25 March 1969", dealing with the position of Pakistani president towards pashtun issue, its effects upon the relation between the two countries, and the role of the fontier tribes in increasing the tensions between both sides again, besides the Iranian Mediation in returning the diplomatic relation in 1962, which helped in signing Pakistani - Afghan transit treaty on 2nd March, 1965.This chapter includes the position of people Democratic party and the movement of Sitim milli" toward Pashtun issue and its effects on the Pakistani - Afghan relations which really affected by Cold War between the two international poles, and its effects upon their foreign policies for the period 1958 - 1969.The fourth chapter, "the Pakistani - Afghan relations 25 March, 1969 - 27 December, 1979" which is divided into the following topics : - the attitude of Pakistan toward the Indian - Pakistani war, the Separation of Bangladesh in December 1971 and its effect on the path the Pakistani - Afghan relations, the relation retreated between the two countries, after the success of Mohammed Dowood Khan Coup, and toppling the Monarchy in Afghanistan on 16 of July 1973, but those relations witnessed improved between the 1976 and 1977 and the internal developments in Pakistan and Afghanistan had their influence between 1977 and 1979.This study has reached that the Pakistani - Afghan relations were characterized by tensions and armed clashes since the foundation of Pakistan in 1947 until 1979, and witnessed a short periods of intimacy, and the two international poles, the United States of America and the Soviet Union, had a great influence on them, besides the regional States adjacent to the two countries.
البويهيون واثرهم على الحياة الفكرية والثقافية في العراق (334 - 447 هــ / 945 - 1055 م) : دراسة تاريخية == The Buywaihids And Their Impact on The Intellectual And Cultural In Iraq (447 - 334 A.H. / 945 - 1055 A.C.)
تغيرات بيئة اهوار جنوب العراق وتاثيراتها الجغرافية == Environment Changes It Southern 1Rau Marshlands And Its Geouraubtcal Impacts
استخدام الانموذج الاحصائي للتنبؤ بالطلب السياحي والايرادات في اتخاذ القرار لتحقيق التنمية السياحية في العراق == Using The Statistical Model To Predict The Tourism Demand And Revenues In Decision - Making To Achieve The Tourism Development In Iraq
راس المال الفكري في ظل اقتصاد المعرفة واثرهما في رسم السياسة الاقتصادية السياحية : دراسة تحليلية للقطاع السياحي العراقي == The Intellectual Capital In The Light Of The Knowledge Economy And Their Effect In Shaping The Economic Tourist Policy An Analytical Study Of The Tourism Sector In Iraq
القيم الاخلاقية للمنتج السياحي ودورها في خصائص الخدمة السياحية : دراسة تطبيقية لاراء عينة من العاملين في الفنادق والشركات السياحية في مدينة بغداد
