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تحضير وتشخيص ليكاند قاعدة شف جديدة مشتقة من 4 - امينو انتي بايرين ومعقداتها مع بعض الايونات الفلزية ودراسة فعاليتها المضادة للبكتيريا == Synthesis And Characterization of New Schiff Base Ligand Derived From 4 - Aminoantipyrine And It'S Complexes With Some Metal Ions And Their Antibacterial Effective Study

Author name: هيام هادي علكم
Supervisor name: ساجد محمود لطيف
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تضمن البحث تحضير ليكاند قاعدة شف جديدة (L) ثنائية السن نوع (NO)1,5 - dimethyl - 4 - ( 2 - oxo - 1,2 - diphenyl ethylidene amino) - 2 - phenyl - 1,2dihydropyrazol - 3 - one.وذلك من مفاعلة 4 - aminoantipyriene مع Benzil باستعمال الايثانول وسطا للتفاعل. | This work covers the synthesis and characterization of the new Schiff base bidentate ligand(L) type (NO) 1,5 - dimethyl - 4 - (2 - oxo - 1,2 - diphenylethylidene amino) - 2 - phenyl - 1,2 dihydropyrazol - 3 - oneThe ligand (L) was prepared from reaction of 4 - aminoantipyrine with Benzil under reflux in ethanol solvent. The Ligand Complexes for the metal ions : VO(II) ,Mn(II) , Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) , Zn(II) , Cd(II) and Hg(II) were prepared. The Ligand and its complexes were characterized by spectral methods [FT - IR , UV - Vis , Atomicabsorption , 1HNMR ] in addition to molar conductivity , Microanalysis (C.H.N) , Magnetic moment effect and melting point and mole ratio Ligand : Metal. From the above data for the ligand and its complexes , we suggested that the ligand (L) behaves as bidentate on complexation with metal ions Via Natom of ( C = N) group and O atom for ( C = O) of pyrazol ring. The suggested molecular formula and geometrical structure are : 1 - Squarepyrimide for [VO(L) (SO4) (H2O) ] 2 - Tetrahedral for [M(L)Cl2]. n H2O M = Zn (II) , n = 1 M = Cd(II) and Hg(II) ; n =0 3 - Octahedral for [M(L)2Cl X ]. Y M = Mn(II) , X = Cl , Y = H2O M = Co(II) , Ni(II) and Cu(II) X = H2O , Y = Cl

تحضير وتشخيص بعض المعقدات الفلزية احادية ومختلطة الليكاند المشتقة من سلفاميثاكزول و4,4' - ثنائي مثيل - 2,2' - باي بريدال == Synthesis And Characterization of Some Metal Complexes With Mono And Mixed Ligand Derived From Sulfamethoxazole And 4,4' - Dimethyl - 2,2' - Bipyridyl

Author name: ميسون مزهر عـبد الحسـن
Supervisor name: محاسن فيصل الياس
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Inorganic Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science For Girls
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تم في هذا البحث تحضير معقدات جديدة للعناصر الثقيلة Rh(III)} وPd(II) Pt(IV)و {Au(III) من تفاعل الليكاند (sulfamethoxazole L1) مع ايونات املاح هذه الفلزات بالطريقة التقليدية وتم تحضير معقدات جديدة اخرى في الحالة الصلبة بواسطة تفاعل مزيج من (sulfamethoxazol | In the present study, new heavy metal complexes of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as L1 have been prepared with Pd(II), Au(III), Rh(III) and Pt(IV) ions , in a solid state by conventional method. Two mixed ligands were chosen : sulfamethoxazole and 4,4/ - dimethyl - 2,2/ - bipyridyl (L2). This is done to prepare another series of complexes with some metal ions ( Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Cr(III) , V(IV), Pd(II) and Au(III)) in order to investigate the coordination behavior of these ligands(L1) and (L2) toward these metal ions.These complexes, already prepared by the solid state, were characterized by the elemental analysis (C.H.N.S) and FT - IR , UV - Vis spectroscopy, in addition to the flame atomic absorption, magnetic susceptibility , melting point and conductivity measurements. According to the results obtained, it is noticed that ligand L1, with the light and heavy metal ions, clearly behaves as a bidentate through the O atom of sulfonyl group and N atom of sulfonylamid group for all the prepared complexes except Cu(II) and Ni(II). In this case, the ligand confirms that the bonding of the metal ion in a tridentate chelate through the O atom of sulfonyl group and N atom of sulfonylamid group and N atom of amine group.While L2 behaves as a bidentate ligand through two N atom. Conductivity measurements have shown that all the prepared complexes are ionic except PdL1L2 complex. Based on the results of the measurements, the following formula have been suggested for the new prepared complexes : - [VOL1L2]SO4.2H2O and [CuL1L2]2( NO3)4.0.5H2O have square pyramidal geometry while the following complexes are having octahedral geometry : - [CrL1L2 Cl2] Cl.H2O,[NiL1L2NO3]2 ( NO3)2.0.5 H2O,[PdL1L2 Cl2].0.5H2O,[PtL1Cl3H2O]Cl.H2O, [Au L1L2Cl2] Cl.2H2Oand the complexes below have tetrahedral geometry : - [CoL1L2] (NO3)2.3H2O,[CdL1L2](NO3)2.3H20 while [PdL1Cl]2 Cl2.H2O,[AuL1Cl2]Cl.3.5H2O,[RhL1ClH2O]Cl2.0.5H2O have square planar geometry.Different bonding and structural behaviors were revealed throughout the study of coordination chemistry of the newly prepared metal complexes.The nature of bonding between the metal ion and the donor atoms of the ligands were demonstrated by calculating Racah parameter and the other ligand field parameters which were calculated using suitable Tanaba - Sugano diagrams.The nature of the complexes in ethanol solution was studied for some of the prepared complexes such as (RhL1,PdL1,PtL1 and AuL1) in the solution state to determine the ratio between ligand to metal state by using the molar ratio method which gave results which approximately identical results when compared to those obtained from the isolated solid state. Besides the stability constant of the prepared complexes were studied and it was found that they were stable in molar ratio 1 : 1.

تحضير وتشخيص مشتقات جديدة للكومارين - 3 - كاربوكسلك اسيد == Synthesis And Characterization of New Derived From Coumarin - 3 - Carboxylicacid

Author name: كوثر عبد الواحد عبد الحميد
Supervisor name: شذى فاضل نارين الزبيدي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Organic Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science For Girls
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد مشتقات الكومارين مهمه من الناحية البايلوجية والصناعيه والدوائيه وعلى هذا الاساس استمرت الدراسات في تحضيرمشتقات جديده للكومارين وعليه فقد تم في هذا البحث تحضير عدد من مشتقات للكومارين وعددها 23)) بالاضاقة الى المركب 2 - oxo - 2H - coumarin - 3 - carbox | The coumarin and his derivatives class of heterocyclic compoundsThey are presente in a large family of products with broad biological and industrial activities.This fact leads as to synthesis twenty eight compounds of heterocyclic by several methods show in diagrams (1, 2).Than we characterized this compounds by some spectral analysis Such as : (FT - IR), (GCMS), (H - NMR) and determination of their physical properties such as melting points and color.This work involved : 1. Synthesis of base compound ( coumarin 3 - carboxylic ) by reaction Malonic acid with Salicylaldehyde in Petroleum ether as a solvent.2. Synthesis of k1 by reaction ( coumarin 3 - carboxylic ) with Thionyl chloride in Dichloro methane as a solvent.3. Synthesis of k2 by reaction k1 with hydrazine hydrate 99%. 4. Reaction k2 with six kinds of aromatic aldehyde to Synthesis of Schiff Bases : K8 - k7 - k6 - k5 - k4 - k35. Synthesis of five from Tetrazoles compounds by reaction Schiff Bases With sodium azide in dioxane as a solvent. 6. Synthesis of five from thiazolidinone compounds by reaction Schiff Bases with Mercapto acetic acid in THF) as a solvent. 7. Synthesis of five from azetidinone compounds by reaction Schiff Bases with ChloroacetylChloride in Dioxane as a solvent. 8. Synthesis of five of thiourea compounds by reaction Schiff Bases with thiourea in methanol as a solvent.

دراسة دورالانترلوكين - 36 كاما والبارااوكزونيز وحامض السياليك ومتغيرات اخرى في مصل المريضات بهجرة بطانة الرحم في بغداد == Study The Role of Interleukin - 36? , Paraoxonase , Sialic Acid And Other Parameters In Sera of Endometriotic Patients In Baghdad

Author name: رشا زهير جاسم
Supervisor name: زهير ابراهيم المشهداني | بشرى حميد علي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Endometriosis , a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, is among one of the most challenging of the 21st century that affects women in reproductive age. Seventy five consecutive married women endometriotic patients with age range (25 - 40) year were enrolled in this study , divided into three groups , the first included twenty five newly diagnosed endometriotic patients ( without any treatment) , the second consisted of twenty five endometriotic patients who were treated with zoladex for 3 to 5 months , the third involved twenty five patients with recurrent endometriosis (post treatment of zoladex) for one to two years ago. Patients groups were compared with two matched age and sex control groups , control group included twenty five healthy women while pathological control group involved twenty five women suffering from infertility caused by gynecological disorders not linked with endometriosis. The present study highlights the role of some morphological characteristics (BMI and W/H) , immunological / inflammatory aspect (Interleukin - 36 ? , Angiopoietein - 2 , Tumor Necrosis Factor - ? , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulin A , Immunoglobulin M , Sialic acid ) , oxidative aspect (Total Cholesterol , Triacylglycerol , High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol , Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol , Very Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol , Paraoxonase - 1 , Ceruloplasmin ) and hormonal aspect (estrogen) in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. …………… Results have revealed that endometriotic patients have approximately a normal BMI and lower than pathological control group, but it was increased in patients under treatment with zoladex. A greater W/H ratio was associated with both endometriosis and pathological control group , while W/H was approximately not affected after treatment with zoladex. The present study have reported for the first time a positive relationship between IL - 36? , Sia and endometriosis. Those parameters could be considered novel biochemical markers in endometriosis because their levels were higher in sera of endometriotic patients without treatment compared with control and pathological control groups. Moreover , Ang - 2 appears to be a good biochemical marker in endometriotic patients. Hence, Ang - 2 levels were higher in sera of endometriotic patients compared with control and pathological control groups In contrast high levels of TNF - ? are associated not only with endometriosis but with pathological control group also. IgA and IgM could be used as possible biochemical markers for endometriosis. The present study is the first dealing with zoladex action on depressing IL - 36? , Ang - 2 , Sia while TNF - ?, IgG , IgA, IgM were decreased under treatment with zoladex. The present study have also suggested that TC and LDL - could be used in diagnosis of endometriosis , HDL - c levels were lower in patients without treatment compared with control and pathological control, but elevation obsereved under treatment with zoladex. PON - 1 activity was low in sera of patients while it was increased after treatment. Furthermore , this is the second study that proves a positive relation between CP and endometriosis and the first dealing with zoladex role on decreasing CP level in endometriosis. Lastly , estrogen was higher in endometriosis compared with control and pathological control groups , while it was decreased by zoladex action

تحضير وتشخيص بعض الليكندات الحلقية غير المتجانسة الجديدة وبوليمراتها الكلابية ودراسة انتقائيتها في استخلاص بعض الايونات == Synthesis And Characterization of Some New Cyclic Legand And Chelating Polymer And The Study of Their Selectivity For Some Ions

Author name: احمد جاسم محمد الحوري
Supervisor name: علي طه علي السامرائي | غزوان حسن الصميدعي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: In this study ,some Chalcons were prepared by using terphthaldehyde with aromatic ketone compounds in basic surrounding NaOH 10% ,adopting the basic medium rought ,compound that were prepared was studied by infrared (IR) , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR) and (CHN). table below includes numbers and structure of the prepared ChalconsCompound Structure Compound name No. (2,2') - 3,3' - (1,4 - phenylene) bis(1 - pyridin - 2 - yl)prop - 2 - en - 1 - one) 1 (2,2') - 3,3' - (1,4 - phenylene) bis(1 - pyridin - 3 - yl)prop - 2 - en - 1 - one) 2 (2,2') - 3,3' - (1,4 - phenylene) bis(1 - pyridin - 4 - yl)prop - 2 - en - 1 - one) 3 (2,2') - 3,3' - (1,4 - phenylene) bis(2 - hydroxyphenyl)prop - 2 - en - 1 - one) 4 (2,2') - 3,3' - (1,4 - phenylene) bis(2,5 - dihydroxyphenyl)prop - 2 - en - 1 - one) 5 (2,2') - 3,3' - (1,4 - phenylene) bis(4 - hydroxyphenyl)prop - 2 - en - 1 - one) 6 (2,2') - 3,3' - (1,4 - phenylene) bis(1 - phenylprop - 2 - en - 1 - one) 7Solution of (Cu2+,Mg2+,Hg2+,Ca2+,Co2+,Cd2 +,Cr3 +,Ni2+) metal ions in ethanol tested with solution of the prepared ligands in ethanol using spot test method ,compound (1) showed colored complex with Ni2+ ions, the complex was studied as a solution for the color metal determination of Ni2+ ions, metal to light ratio and calibration curve for Ni2+ ions, were established.The prepared chalcones were supported on rigid polymer than foam and the produced chelating polymers were evaluated for their loading capacity towards (Pb2+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Cr2+, Cd2+, Co2+,Mn2+,Zn2+) ions , the resins showed no response toward (Mn2+ and Zn2+ ) ions, and Avery low loading capacity towards ( Cr2+ and Cd2+) ions, but the studied resins showed a good resins toward the rest of the studied ions (Pb2+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Co2+) The effect of treatment time and pH on the loading capacity of the resins were studied while other parameters , like temperature ,weight of resin and metal ion concentration were kept constant. The results of max. loading capacity were as shown in the table below : Resin Loading Capacity (mg ion / gm resin) Ni2+ Pb2+ Cu2+ Co2+R1 8.8 9.5 8.9 8.6R2 7.5 7.8 7.3 7.0R4 8.9 9.3 9.1 8.5R5 8.7 9.3 8.4 8.2 A study of the recovery of ions from resins [(R1),(R2),(R4),(R5)] and the regeneration of the resin were also the studied carried out using 3M HNO3 as an eluent, the table below shows the %recovery of each ion from the studied resins.Resin Recovery % Ni2+ Pb2+ Cu2+ Co2+R1 64.8 74.6 52.9 49.2R2 64.5 76.4 51.2 47.6R4 44.0 61.1 52.4 48.7R5 48.1 68.6 57.4 50.1

تحضير ودراسات طيفيه لمعقدات ليكاندات الاميدوبنزوثايزول الممزوجه باستخدام الطريقه المايكرويفية == Synthesis And Spectral Studies of Amide Benzothiazole Mixed Ligands Complexes Using Microwave Method

Author name: فرح سعدون جعفر
Supervisor name: محاسن فيصل الياس
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Inorganic Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science For Girls
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: في هذا البحث تم استخدام احدى تطبيقات الكيمياء الخضراء حيث حضرت المعقدات بالطريقة المايكرويفيه حيث تتيح هذه الطريقه ظروف افضل للعمل من حيث تقليل التلوث ,استخدام كمية مذيب اقل, اقل تكلفة, نسبة منتوج عاليه , تفاعل بزمن اقصر وكطريقة عمل ابسط.تم استخدام ليكا | One of green chemistry applications has been used in this work ,where the complexes were prepared by microwave irradiated reactions that availed reduced pollution, free or less solvent conditions, low cost, high yields, shorter reaction times and simplicity in processing. Two of benzothiazole derivatives ligands 2 - benzamid benzothiazole (L1) and 2 - acetamid benzothiazole (L2) were used to synthesize two types of transition metal complexes ; Rh(III), Pd(II), Cd(II), Pt(IV) and Au(III) , the other set of complexes was prepared in presence of a co - ligand 1,10 - phenanthroline(L') or 4,4? - dimethyl - 2,2? - bipyridyl (L") with the metal ions V(IV), Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Au(III) using microwave and conventional methods to compare the results between them. These ligands and their metal complexes were isolated and characterized in solid state using FT - IR, UV - Vis spectroscopy, flame atomic absorption, elemental analysis C.H.N.S. and magnetic susceptibility measurements as well as melting point and conductivity measurements. According to the results of the above measurements, the following shapes were suggested for the prepared complexes : Complexes of ligand (L1) : Complexes of Rh(III), Pd(II) and Au(III) have a square planar geometry, while Cd(II) complex has a Td geometry and Pt(IV) complex has an Oh geometry.Complexes of mixed ligands (L2 with L'/ L") : All complexes have an Oh geometry except V(IV) complex has a square pyramid and Co(II) complex has a Td geometry. The nature of bonding between the metal ion and the donor atoms of the ligands was demonstrated through the calculation of Racah parameter and other ligand field parameters, which were calculated using suitable Tanabe - Sugano diagrams.The nature of some (L1) complexes in liquid state was studied by following the molar ratio method which gave results approximately identical compared with those obtained from the isolated in the solid state; also, stability constants of the prepared complexes were studied , they were stable in the molar ratio 1 : 1. A theoretical treatment of the ligands and the prepared complexes in gas phase was done using two programs; Hyperchem - 8 and Gaussian program (GaussView Currently Available Versions (5.0.9) along with Gaussian 09 which is the latest in the Gaussian series of programs).Hyper chem. - 8 program used the molecular mechanics and semi - empirical calculation, the heat of formation (?H?f), binding energy (?Eb) dipole moment (µ) for the free ligands and their metal complexes were calculated using ZINDO/1, PM3 and AMBER methods at 298 K. It was found that the complexes were more stable than their ligands; furthermore, the electrostatic potential of free ligands was calculated to investigate the reactive site of the molecules, PM3 was used to evaluate the vibrational spectra of free ligands ,the obtained frequencies agreed well with those values experimentally found; in addition, the calculation helped to assign unambiguously the most diagnostic bands. Electronic spectra measurements for the ligands were calculated theoretically using ZINDO/S method comparing it with the experimental results. It was found that there was a closely relationship between the theory and experimental spectra.Gaussian program semi - empirical (PM3) method which used in order to calculate : the geometry optimization, dipole moment (?),total energy ,electrostatic potential, ELUMO and EHOMO was obtained, evaluate the vibrational spectra of free ligands and these obtained frequencies agreed well with those values experimentally found.Also electronic spectra measurements for the ligands were calculated theoretically by using the job type : Single point energy (SP) along with ZINDO method and also the job type frequency (Freq) used along with CIS method (3 - 21G).

التقدير الطيفي لبعض المركبات الفينولية ذوات الاهمية الصيدلانية == Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Phenolic Compounds of Pharmaceutical Importance

Author name: زينب طالب عبد الكاظم السلطاني
Supervisor name: قاسم حسن كاظم
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: يتضمن الفصل الاول مقدمة عن تفاعلات الازوتة والازدواج واهميتها وتطبيقاتها في تقدير المستحضرات الصيدلانية، وتضمن ايضا عرضا لبعض الاستخدامات الطبية والصيدلانية للمركبات الفينولية الدوائية المدروسة واستعراضا موجزا للطرائق التحليلية المستخدمة في تقدير المرك | The first chapter included a common introduction on diazotization coupling reaction and their applications to the determination of pharmaceutical preparations. It also included a display of some of its pharmaceutical and medical uses. The chapter also demonstrates a brief review for the analytical methods that have been used for the determination of thymol, Sodium salicylate and Resorcinol in pharmaceutical preparations.The second chapter comprises to describe a simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of thymol in aqueous solution, based on the coupling of thymol with diazotized 4 - bromo aniline in strong alkaline medium to produce an intense yellow colored ,water - soluble and stable Azo - dye which exhibits maximum absorption at 464nm. Beer’s law was obeyed between 0.6 - 7.2 µg.ml - 1, with a molar absorptivity of 3.0284×104 l.mol - 1.cm - 1,average recovery was 100.002%, and RSD was 0.796%, the LOD was 0.04?g.ml - 1 and LOQ was 0.1333?g.ml - 1. The method has been applied successfully for the determination of thymol in pharmaceutical preparations (mouthwashes) and the analytical results were compatible with certified value of pharmaceutical preparations and with a standard method. Moreover, the accuracy and validity of the method was evaluated against a standard method using F and t - tests. It was found that experimental F and t values at 95% confidence level did not exceed the critical values indicating that the present proposed methods have a good accuracy and validity. The third chapter demonstrates the development of simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of microgram amounts of Sodium salicylate in some of its pharmaceutical preparations based on the coupling and Azo reaction to form an intense shine - yellow, water - soluble dye based on the coupling of Sodium salicylate with diazotized p - amino benzoic acid reagent in strong alkaline medium The dye formed has a maximum absorption at a wavelength of 452 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed between 2 - 30 µg.ml - 1, with a molar absorptivity of 8.5013×103 l.mol - 1.cm - 1, the LOD was 0.06?g.ml - 1 and LOQ was 0.213?g.ml - 1. The method had a good accuracy and precision, since the recovery was 99.702% and the RSD was 0.854%.. The method has been applied successfully in some pharmaceutical preparations including salicylic acid (topical solution). The analytical results agreed well with British pharmacopia method. Moreover, the accuracy and validity of this method were evaluated against pharmacopoeia method using F and t - tests. It was found that experimental F and t values at 95 % confidence level did not exceed the theoretical values indicating that the present method have good accuracy and validity. The fourth chapter comprises the description of a sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of resorcinol by diazotization reaction using a diazotized 4 - methoxy aniline reagent in strong alkaline medium, to form brown water - soluble colored dye. Which exhibits maximum absorption at 448 nm. The linear range was between 0.4 - 4.4 µg.ml - 1, with a molar absorptivity of 2.7844×104 l.mol - 1.cm - 1, average recovery of 101.017%, RSD was 1.02%, LOD was 0.019 µg.ml - 1 and LOQ was 0.065 µg.ml - 1. By the application of the proposed method on the some pure types resorcinol, it was found that the results agreed well with British pharmacopeia method. Moreover, the accuracy and validity of this method were evaluated against pharmacopoeia method using F andt - tests. It was found that experimental F and t values at 95 % confidence level did not exceed the theoretical values indicating that the present method have good accuracy and validity.

دراسة بعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية لمرضى التهاب الكبد الفيروسي والعجز الكلوي المزمن == Study of Some Biochemical Parameters For Patients With Hepatitis And Chroinc Renal Failure

Author name: ايناس حازم حميد الجنابي
Supervisor name: صباح حسين خورشيد | فراس طاهر ماهر
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة الحالية لتحديد العلاقة بين حالات الاصابة بالتهاب الكبد الفيروسي والعجز الكلوي المزمن ومستويات تركيز الفيوكوز الكلي (TF), والفيوكوز المرتبط بالبروتين (PBF) , والسكريات السداسية المرتبطة بالبروتين (PBHex) , وعدد من المتغيرات الكيموحيوية ال | The study was done to determine the relationship between hepatitis and chronic renal failure and total fucose (TF) level , protein bound fucose (PBF) , protein bound hexose (PBHex) and other biochemical parameter , which include : urea , creatinine, total bilirubin(direct_indirect), some enzyme [Alanine Transaminase Transaminase (AST) , (ALT) Aspartate Transaminase ] , electrolytes [Sodium (Na+) , Potassium (K+) ] ,and calicum ca++.This study included (50 ) patients of both sexes at age groups (3 - 70) , with hepatitis, and (50 ) patients of both sexes at age groups (15 - 70) with chronic renal failure, all patients have divided in to groups according to sex , age , and the duration of the disease. also the study included (50) healthy persons of both sexes at same age groups regarded as control groups. , and tending some of patients before,during and after dialysis ,so measuring biochemical parameter included three parts : - The first part measuring biochemical parameter in control, chronic renal failure before dialysis, where the results indicate - Results showed highly significant increase in TF, PBF, PBHex, Urea, Creatinine , K+ in relation to control group. while a slightiy difference between hepatitis & chronic renal failure, and a slightiy difference between male and female. - No significant differences in total bilirubin(direct and indirect), of chronic renal failure patients. - A low significant decrease of Na+ , Ca++ in the serum of chronic renal failure patients in compare to control group, and a slightiy difference between males and females.Measuring during dialysis showed - A highly significant increase(>0.01) in Urea ,Creatinine , K+ , and no difference in TF, PBF , PBHex level compared to their concentration befor dialysis. - A significant decrease in Na+,Ca++ in relation to their concentration befor dialysis. - No significant difference in total bilirubin(direct and indirect), AST,ALT compared levels to their concentration befor dialysis. - Measuring after dialysis showed - No significant difference in Urea , Creatinine Na+ , K+, Ca++ compared to their concentration with control group. - No significant difference in total bilirubin(direct and indirect), AST ,ALT levels compared to their concentrations in chronic renal failure befor and during dialysis and no changes in TF, PBF , PBHex levels compared to their concentration befor dialysis and during dialysis. - The study concluded that then results of hemodialysis results in improvement in some biochemical parameters of chronic renal failure and that the fucose level did not change during hemodialysis. - The study also concluded that there was an increase in TF , PBF , PBHex , AST , ALT and total bilirubin(direct and indirect) in the serum of patients with hepatitis in comparism with control group and for both sexes,while there was no change in Ca++ , K+ , Na+ , Urea , Creatinine level for both sexes in the serum of patients with hepatitis compared to control.

تحضير ودراسة بايوكيميائية للادوية المصاحبة الاسترية الحاوية على دواء الاسبرين او الايبوبروفين == Synthesis And Biochemical Study of Ester Prodrugs Containing Aspirin Or Ibuprofen

Author name: نوري محمد عزيز فياض الجبوري
Supervisor name: فراس شوقي عبد الرزاق | اياد سعدي حميد
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: يعد الاسبرين والايبوبروفين من الحوامض الاريلية المستخدمة كادوية مضادة للالتهابات غير استيرويدية (NSAID) ولغرض التقليل من التاثيرات الجانبية السلبية للاسبرين والايبوبروفين من خلال ازالة التاثير السام لمجاميع الكاربوكسيل الحرة المرتبطة بهما، هدفت الدراسة ا | Aspirin and ibuprofen are aryl acids of (NSAID) with good analgesic , anti - inflammatory. For reducing the gastrointestinal toxicity accociated with Aspirin and Ibuprofen therefor the present work is aimed to synthesized a novel ester prodrugs of these two drugs, 1,2 : 5,6 - Di - O - isopropylidine - ? - D - glucofuranose is used a carrier alcohol for attachment of non - steroidal anti - inflammatory Drugs (Aspirin and Ibuprofen ).This work was accomplished according to the following steps.1 - Aspirin and Ibuprofen acid chlorides(1,2) were prepared through the reaction of the corresponding acid with thionyl chloride.2 - 1,2 : 5,6 - Di - O - isopropylidine - ? - D - glucofuranose is afforded by reaction D - Glucose with acetone and Lewis acid catalyst.3 - Esterification reaction of 3 - OH group in compound [AA] with compounds (1) and (2) yielded the corresponding Aspirin ester and Ibuprofen ester prodrugs [AB] and [AC].4 - Deacetonation of Compound [AB]. Using 70% acetic acid afforded Compound [AD].5 - The purity of the compounds synthesized was established by (TLC) and column chromatography.While the structures of their mutual prodrug was confirmed by (FTIR, H1NMR,C13NMR) and the result obtained given good evidence for structures proposed to their compounds.6 - Using through the study 36 rabbit, proximate in the weight and divided in to six groups. First group (six rabbit) control group did not have any dose, second group have (DMSO) dose ,third group have the Aspirin dose, fourth group have the Ibuprofen dose , Fifth group have the compound (AD) and sixth group have the compound (AC), After two hours withdrawal sample of blood from each rabbit, separated the serum to use in the biochemical study to the parameter at the following : The measured parameters include : enzymes activity (Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) , Acid phosphatase, creatinkinase (MB) , Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) , Gloutamate - pyrovate transaminase (GPT) , Glutamate - oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) , cholinesterase , peroxidase) , and measured concentration of (Glutathione , malonldialdehdy ,creatinine , albumin , total protein , globulin , uric acid ) and some element’s (Mg ,Fe ,Cu ,Zn). Statistical data analysis revealed signification increase in the levels of creatinkinase activity (147.130±16.176) U/I،(157.785 ±21.590)U/I)، 146.995 ±29.314) U/I by effect Ibuprofen (D), compound (AD), compound (AC) a succession. and alkaline phosphatase (121.933±13.061) U/I، (129.158±17.052)U/I by effect compound (AD), compound (AC) a succession.And Gloutamate - pyrovate transaminase (30.521 ± 6.365)U/I، (31.387 ± 3.005)U/I،(26.863±7.470)U/I، (22.973±6.052)U/I by effect Aspirin (C) ,Ibuprofen (D), compound (AD), compound (AC) a succession. And Glutamate - oxaloacetate transaminase (72.731 ± 5.533) U/I، (75.366 ± 5.032)U/I، (77.560 ± 6.681)U/I by effect Ibuprofen (D), compound (AD), compound (AC) a succession. and peroxidase enzyme(26.433±7.722) U/I، (29.500±3.555)U/I، 31.150 ±4.932)U/I by effect Ibuprofen (D), compound (AD), compound (AC) a succession. And signification increase in the concentration of glutathione (4.897 ±0.448) µmol/L، (4.957 ± 0.501)µmol/L، (4.771 ± 0.366)µmol/L by effect Ibuprofen (D) , compound (AD), compound (AC) a succession. And signification increase in the concentration of malonldialdehyde(11.507±1.841) µmol/L،(12.744±2.275)µmol/L، (14.240±2.861)µmol/L، (14.409 ±1.712)µmol/L by effect Aspirin (C) ,Ibuprofen (D), compound (AD), compound (AC) a succession. And signification increase in the concentration of creatinine (138.847 ± 16.116)µmol/L، (153.021 ± 14.307) µmol/L، (162.466 ± 19.269) µmol/L and (156.074±19.99) µmol/L by effect Aspirin (C) ,Ibuprofen (D), compound (AD), compound (AC) a succession. And signification increase in the concentration of uric acid (108.994 ± 17.347) µmol/L، (90.972 ± 17.567) µmol/L، (101.322±18.090) µmol/L، (101.990±22.918)µmol/L by effect Aspirin (C) ,Ibuprofen (D), compound (AD), compound (AC) a succession (All compared with the serum levels of the control group.The study also showed a signification decrease in level of cholinesterase activity (3140.43±295.54) U/I، (2964.57±351.77)U/I، (2708.40 ±348.29)U/I، (2748.90±464.21)U/I by effect Aspirin (C) ,Ibuprofen (D), compound (AD), compound (AC) a succession.The study also showed a signification increase in level of Total protein by effect compound (AD) ,(AC) (64.821±3.116)g/Land (64.228±5.733)g/La succession.Results had also confirmed a presence of signification increase in the concentration of Mg (0.953±0.147) mmol/L by effect compound (AC). and signification increase in the concentration of Cu (23.964±2.043) µmol/L، (24.740±1.449)µmol/L، (25.367±1.656) µmol/L، 25.003±2.008) µmol/L by effect Aspirin (C) ,Ibuprofen (D), compound (AD), compound (AC) a succession, compared with the serum levels of the control group. The study also showed a signification decrease in concentration of Zn (13.810±0.904) µmol/L،(16.112 ± 1.565) µmol/L،(12.025 ± 1.306) µmol/L، 11.654 ± 2.194) µmol/L by effect Aspirin (C) ,Ibuprofen (D), compound (AD), compound (AC) a succession, compared with the serum levels of the control group.The study also showed non - signification decrease in the activity of Lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase. and non - signification increase in the levels Albumin , Globulin and Iron. And no effect on the level Mg. compared with the serum levels of the control group.7 - To ensure the release of parent drugs (Aspirin, Ibuprofen) a hydrolytic studies of the ester prodrugs [AD],[AC] were done at different pH [ 2 , 4 , 10 ,12 ] and at constant temperature (25 C0) ,The results should that the hydrolysis at basic pH were faster than acidic pH then it mean that the most hydrolysis will obtain at intestine not at stomach.

تقدير بعض الاحماض الامينية بطريقة الحقن الجرياني - البريق الكيميائي == Quantification of Some Amino Acids By Flow Injection - Chemiluminescence Technique

Author name: نشوان حسين علي سليمان الجبوري
Supervisor name: سهام توفيق امين | نزار احمد ناجي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Analytical Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: شمل الفصل الاول مراجعة عامة تضمنت الاحماض الامينية، الخواص الكيميائية والفيزيائية للاحماض الامينية. كما تضمن الفصل الطرائق المستخدمة لتقدير (السستائين, السستين,الهستدين) بتقنياتها المختلفة، كما تم التطرق للبريق ولانواعه، والظروف الاساسية لحدوثه في الاطوار | This thesis are in four chapters : Chapter I : General survey for amino acids, and their chemical and physical properties. it also includes the methods used for the determination of (cysteine,cystine,histidine) with different techniques. This chapter covers different chemiluminescence types and the necessary conditions to happen in different phases (liquid, gases and solids). The chapter also includes the analytical application for chemiluminesccence reaction with luminol as regarded the donor molecules; also other molecules that has been used for determination of chemiluminesccence and was addressed Flow injection analysis, and application, Chapter I ended with the aim of the project.Chapter II : Includes the preparation of the major chemical reaction solutions that are required for this research work, and also many other solutions that were needed as stook solutions for the many detailed study that were conducted through this research work. The primary study system innovation (Electronic - chemical optical) for the measurement of chemiluminescne.Chapter III : It is three sections : Section A : Involves the study assessment of cysteine through all chemical variables for all involved chemicals in the reaction, ,also various physical parameters were studied,the optimum condition for the determination of system , based on the system chemiluminescence (luminol - hydrogen peroxide - cysteine), the concentration of cysteine over range of (5 - 110) µg.mL - 1.The limit of detection was 9×10 - 6 mol.L - 1. ,RSD % for five replicates of a standard (4.9×10 - 4) was 0.8%.Section B : The optimum condition for the determination of cystine , based on system chemiluminescence (luminol - hydrogen peroxide - Cu II - cystine), calibration was linear between (20 - 80) µg.mL - 1for cystine.The limit of detection was (1.6×10 - 6) mol.L - 1 ,RSD % for five replicates of a standard(2.08 x10 - 4) was 0.94 %. Section C : The optimum conditions the determination of histidine , based on the system chemiluminescence for (luminol - hydrogen peroxide - Mn II - Histidine), calibration was linear between (10 - 160) µg.mL - 1for histidine.The limit of detection was (9.2×10 - 6)mol.L - 1.RSD % for five replicates of standard (5.1 × 10 - 4) mol.L - 1 was 1.27%.All the proposed methods have been applied successfully for the determination of amino acids in pharmaceutical. Moreover, the accuracy and validity of those methods were evaluated against pharmacopoeia method using F and t - tests. It was found that experimental F and t values at 95% confidence level did not exceed the critical values indicating that the present proposed methods have a good accuracy and validity.Chapter IV : Deals with inferences and recommendations

تقدير الكميات الضئيلة من الخارصين (II) والنحاس (II) والنيكل (II) باستعمال الكاشف الجديد انتي بايرايل ازو (2,7) - نفثالين دايول بالطرق الطيفية == Determination of Trace Amounts of Zinc (II) , Copper (II) And Nickel (II) Using New Reagent of Antipyriyl Azo(2,7) - Naphthalindiol By Spectrophotometric Methods

Author name: مسار علي عواد عناد الزيادي
Supervisor name: حسين جاسم محمد
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: تم في هذه الدراسة تفاعل الكاشف المحضر الجديد 1 - ('4 - انتي بايرايل ا?زو ) 2,7 - نفثالين دايول(1 - APANDOL) مع (11) ايون فلزي مع استحداث طريقة طيفية لتقدير كل من ايونات الخارصين (II) ,والنحاس (II) ,والنيكل (II) بهذا الكاشف اذ كان الطول الموجي للامتصاص الا | The research includes primary study of the reaction of 1 - ( '4 - anti pyriyl azo) 2,7 - naphthalindiol (1 - APANDOL) with (11) metal ions ,and development of Spectrophtometric method for the determination of Zinc (II) ,Copper (II) and Nickel (II)with this reagent. The wavelength of maximum absorption for the reagent was found at (453) nm and for the complexes formed between these ion with this reagent was found at (492,499,514) nm for Zinc (II), Copper(II) and Nickel (II), respectively in aqueous medium ,also the optimum conditions for the reaction of these ion with the reagent were employed ,such as the volume of reagent solution ,time ,temperature, order of addition and effectives of pH, The calibration curves of these complexes were constructed ,Beer,s law was obeyed in the range of (0.1 - 2.5) ppm for zinc (II) with a correlation coefficient of ( r =0.9976) and molar absorptivity( ? =1.3x104) L.mol - 1.cm - 1 and sandell sensitivity was (0.0049) ?g.cm - 2. For copper (II) the rang was (0.1 - 2.5) ppm with a correlation coefficient of (r =0.9979) molar absorptivity (? =1.9x104) L.mol - 1.cm - 1, and sandell sensitivity was (0.0032) ?g.cm - 2 , as for nickel (II), the range was (0.1 - 2.0) ppm with acorrlation coefficient (r =0.9962) and molar absorptivity (? =2.0x104) L.mol - 1.cm - 1 and sandell sensitivity was ( 0.0029) ?g.cm - 2 The stoichiometry of the formed soluble complexes among Zinc (II), Copper (II) and Nickel (II) with reagent was investigated by both the continuous variations method and mole ratio method ,the ratio (M : L) was (1 : 2) for complexes at pH(8,8 and 9) respectively.The stability constant (Kst) for the complexes were equal to (Kst = (Kst =0.29 x108L.mol - 1) (Kst =1.6 x1010L.mol - 1) and (0.128 x108L.mol - 1) for Zinc ,Copper and Nickel respectively. Precision and accuracy of the analytical procedure were showed for (0.5) ppm of Zinc(II) , Copper(II) and Nickel (II) that R.S.D% was equal to (1.41 , 0.77 and 0.63 %) and Erel % was found to be (0.53% ,0.65% and 0.95%) for these ions , respectively. the analytical procedure were showed for (1.0) ppm of Zinc(II), Copper(II) and Nickel (II) that R.S.D% was equal to (0.58, 0.36 and 0.4 %) and Erel % was found to be (0.28%,0.30% and 0.99%) for these ions , respectively.The interference of metal ions in the presence of related ions was determined , as well as masking of these ions by suitable masking agents was studied. The physical properties of precipitants were studied through the establishment of melting point, solubility and molar conductivity as well as the measurement of infrared spectra ,with the suggestion of structural formula of the formed complexes with the reagent (1 - APANDOL). The method was applied for the determination of the content of Zinc(II), Copper (II) and Nickel (II), in tea leaves.. Finally ,The biological activity of these complexes was tested with two types of bacteria.

تحضير عدد من مشتقات الادوية الجديدة لحامض الاسكوربيك وسكر الرايبوز وقياس تاثير هذه المركبات على فعالية انزيم اللايبيز والكولين استريز == Preparation A Number of New Drug From The Derivatives From Ascorbic Acid And Ribose And Study The Effect of These Compounds On The Activity of Lipase And Cholinesterase

Author name: محمد يونس حمادي حسين
Supervisor name: نزار احمد ناجي | فراس طاهر ماهر
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: In this study, the preparation of a number of new drugs from the derivatives of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and ribose have been done through the formation of esters of these compounds. The tetra - acid esters of ribose have been obtained with mefenamic acid and methyldopa and aspirin during treatment of mefenamic acid, methyldopa and aspirin chlorides with ribose. The tetra - ester of ascorbic acid with ampicillin has also been obtained through the reaction of ampicillin chloride with ascorbic acid. The Products have been diagnosed by infrared spectroscopy (IR).The effect of four products has been studied on lipase activity compared with metronidazole benzoate as ester on lipase activity. The results showed that the highest activity of the enzyme was when tetra aspirin ester of ribose was used (2.36 Cherry - Crandall’s unit) and the lowest activity (1.37 Cherry - Crandall’s unit) when using tetra ampicillin ascorbic acid ester. Other compounds showed a slight increase in lipase activity.The effect of four compounds have been studied on cholinesterase activity, the results showed that tetra ampicillin ester is the highest effect to increase cholinesterase activity

دراسة طيفية وثرموديناميكية لعدد من معقدات انتقال الشحنة المشتقة من تفاعل 3 - ميثوكسي - 4 - هيدروكسي بنزلديهايد وعدد من الامينات الاروماتية مع عدد من المستقبلات الالكترونية == Spectral And Thermodynamic Studies For A Number of Charge Transfer Complexes Derived From The Reaction of 3 - Methoxy - 4 - Hydroxy Benzaldehyde And Number of Aromatic Amine With A Number of Electron Acceptors

Author name: اماني اياد حسين علي
Supervisor name: عبد الرحمن خضير عبد الحسين الطائي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: الجزء الاول : وفيه تم تحضير تسعة من قواعد شف المشتقة من 3 - ميثوكسي - 4 هيدروكسي بنزلديهايد وعدد من الامينات الاروماتية متمثلة بالانيلين والانيلين المعوض ب ( 2 - هيدروكسي، 4 - هيدروكسي، 2 - امينو، 4 - امينو، 2 - كربوكسي، 4 - كربوكسي، 2 - نيترو، 4 | This work divided into three parts which is dealt with study of charge transfer complexes. Nine Schiff bases used in this work were prepared by mixing (1 : 1) mole 3 - methoxy 4 - hydroxy benzyldehyde and the corresponding aromatic amines (aniline ,2_hydroxy aniline , 4_hydroxy aniline , 2_amino aniline , 4_amino aniline ,2_carboxy aniline , 4_carboxy aniline , 2_nitro aniline , 4_nitro aniline).The electronic spectra in absolute ethanol solvent were used to study the intermolecular charge - transfer complexes between the considered Schiff bases as charge donor and five charge accepter molecules.Three of them are non - acidic acceptors such as (dinitro benzene DNB , Trinitro benzene TNB and Iodine I2 ) , another two are weak - acidic acceptors (Trinitro phenol TNP and p - nitro phenol p - NP ).The equilibrium constant of the CT complexes have been calculated by applying the Benesi - Hildebrands equation for (1x10 - 4 : 1x10 - 5 M) Schiff base : Acceptors concentration ratio. The equilibrium constants for complexes formation which are ranging between (1250 - 3000 mol - 1. dm3) with Iodine, (800 - 6000 mol - 1. dm3) with dinitro benzene, (833 - 4500 mol - 1. dm3 ) with trinitro benzene, (1000 - 5555 mol - 1. dm3 ) with para nitro phenol, (1000 - 6250 mol - 1. dm3) with Trinitro phenol ,The extinction coefficients have been determined were (3333 - 25000 L.mol - 1.cm - 1) with Iodine, (3333 - 25000 L.mol - 1.cm - 1) with DNB, (1111 - 20000 L.mol - 1.cm - 1) with TNB, (1111 - 20000 L. mol - 1.cm - 1) with p - NP , (2000 - 33333 L.mol - 1.cm - 1) with TNP.The ionization potential (Ip) of these bases also have been determined and are (6.02 - 8.90 e.V) with Iodine ,(11.6 - 14.15 e.V ) with Dinitro benzene (8.10 - 9.20 e.V) with trinitro benzene , (8.57 - 9.64 e.V) with Para nitro phenol ,(6.26 - 8.15 e.V) with Trinitro phenol for the Schiff base association constant , It way noticed that the values of all the physical parameters of CTC and Schiff bases are affected by the substituted group due to the increases or decreases in the stability of the carbonium ion character of the azomethane.The another part of this work deals with study of the effect of temperature on the value of equilibrium constant KCT in the range (298 - 318)0k for charge - transfer complex formations in addition the values of ?H , ?G0 and ?S0 of the CT complexes were calculated from the dependence of KCT upon the temperature , The negative values of the enthalpy which proves that the formation of CTC are exothermic and could occur spontaneously.Finally , the third part of this work deals with studying the kinetic of formation and decomposition of the CTC in ethanol.The results indicated , the more stable CTC decomposes slower whatever was the nature of the acceptors , and the rate constant for formations and decompositions followed first order.

تقدير الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية لمياه الابار المحلية بوساطة تقنيات تحليلية مختلفة لتحديد نوعيتها وصلاحيتها للاستخدام البشري والزراعي == Determination of Physical And Chemical Characteristics of Local Wells Water By Using Different Analytical Techniques For The Establishing Their Quality Specifications And Usage Conformity

Author name: احسان نصيف جاسم العبيدي
Supervisor name: كريم ديمة خلف | كاميران حسين شكر
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Analytical Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science For Girls
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: مؤخرا، ازدادت ظاهرة حفر الابار في المنازل والمناطق المحلية خصوصا بعد الحرب على العراق عام 2003 تبعا لشحة تجهيز الماء الصالح للشرب من قبل السلطات المسؤولة. هدف البحث اساسا لتعرف نوعية مياه الابار المحلية ومدى صلاحيتها للاستهلاك البشري والمنزلي، با | Recently , the phenomenon of drilling wells in the local areas and housings has increased before the war on Iraq 2003 due to the anticipations of insufficient supply of drinking water by the competent authorities. This research work is aimed to recognize the quality of the local wells water quality and the extent of their adequacy for human and domestic consumption. In addition to try to know the relevance of these wells water and the nearest point of surface water (i.e. river water). In this study , five wells were selected in Al - Adheem Embankment area and the surface water of Al - Adheem River itself. The sampling strategy of the two type of water began in 1/3/2007 and the process of sampling is complied with guidelines cited by national and international specifications , This piece of study involves four chapters. Chapter one deals with chemical literature review concerning environment and pollution , sources of groundwater pollution in addition to the physical and chemical characteristics of water such as color turbidity , electrical conductivity , TDS , TSS , pH , total hardness, Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Cl - , SO42 - , NO3 - , NO2 - and heavy metals contaminates (Cu2+ , Cd2+ , Ni2+ , pb2+ , Zn2+). Chapter two describes all methodology and techniques used in this study such as atomic absorption spectrometry (both FAAS and ETAAS) , UV - Vis spectrophotometry , pH - meter , conductivity meter , and sampling protocol according to those cited by national and international bodies. In addition to , the all procedures for measuring the constituents and characteristics of water samples were described. In chapter three , the outcome of this research work were reviewed and discussed for each constituent as mentioned above. The results of study are summarized in the table hereafter : Chapter four explicates the conclusions that attained by this research work showing the important study accomplished for the first time in this area of Iraq in one hand. In the other hand , it showed that some characteristics agree and disagree with the specifications of drinking water that are listed by Iraqi and other international bodies. Finally , It concluded that all water recourse selected in this work were not drinkable and improper for human consumption according to national and international specifications , but it could be useful for arable particularly for that plants stand high concentrations of salts.

تطوير طرائق طيفية لتقدير السلفاميثوكسازول والسلفاديازين باستخدام تفاعل الاقتران الازوتي == Development of Spectrophotometric Method For The Determination of Sulphamethoxazole And Sulphadiazine Using Diazotization Coupling

Author name: امل حسين محيميد حسين
Supervisor name: سعدية احمد ظاهر
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science For Girls
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اشتملت هذه الرسالة على ثلاثة فصول : يتضمن الفصل الاول استعراضا موجزا لاملاح الديازونيوم والكاشف الثايمول واهمية ادوية السلفا فضلا عن بعض الطرائق الحديثة في تقدير ادوية السلفا والهدف من اجراء البحث.واشتمل الفصل الثاني على وصف طريقة طيفية بسيطة وحساسة | his thesis consists of three chapters : - the first chapter includes a short notes on the diazonium salt and thymol reagent demonstrates a brief review for, an assay of sulpha drugs and aim of the work.The second chapter describe a simple sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of microgram amounts of sulphamethoxazole in aqueous solution, based on the coupling of diazotized sulphamethoxazole with thymol reagent in alkaline medium to produce an intense yellow coloured ,water - soluble and stable azo - dye which exhibits maximum absorption at 473 nm. The determination limits of Beer’s law were 1 - 6 µg.ml - 1, with a molar absorptivity 2.1 × 104 l.mol - 1.cm - 1. The average recovery was 100.12 %, and RSD 0.492 %, the LOD is 0.0087 ?g.ml - 1 and LOQ is 0.029 ?g.ml - 1. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of sulphamethoxazole in pharmaceutical preparations where the analytical results are compatible with certified value of pharmaceutical preparations and with a standard addition procedure.The third chapter demonstrates the development of simple sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of microgram amounts 1 - 7 µg.ml - 1 of sulphadiazine , based on the formation of diazotized sulphadiazine by adding sodium nitrite in acidic medium; followed by removing the excess of nitrite by sulphamic acid, the formed diazotized sulphadiazine was then coupled with thymol in strong alkaline medium to get a yellow coloured azo dye. The produced dye is stable and soluble in aqueous medium and it has maximum absorption at a wave length of 469 nm. The molar absorptivity was 2.6 × 104 l.mol - 1.cm - 1 with LOD and LOQ 0.0077 and 0.025µg.ml - 1 respectively. The method had good accuracy and precision; The average recovery was 100.57 % and RSD 0.657 %. The method was applied on the pharmaceutical preparation of sulphadiazine (as cream), the analytical results were in agreement with certified value of pharmaceutical preparation and with a standard addition procedure.

تحضير وتشخيص ليكاندات ازو جديدة ومعقداتها ودراسة تطبيقاتها الصناعية والبكتيرية == Synthesis And Characterization of New Azo Ligands And Their Complexes And Studying Their Industrial And Bacteriological Application

Author name: زينب سلمان كاظم
Supervisor name: عامر جبار جراد
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تتضمن هذه الدراسة تحضير ثلاثة ليكاندات ازو جديدة (L3 - L1) ارتكزت جميعها على 2،4 - ثنائي مثيل فينول، تمتلك الصيغ التركيبية الاتية : - شخصت الليكاندات المحضرة باستخدام (FTIR, UV - Vis, 1HNMR) والتحليل الكمي الدقيق للعناصرC.H.N) )، فضلا عن درجات الانصهار. | Three new azo compounds (ligands) L1 - L3 have been prepared all rest on the 2,4 - dimethylphenol as a back - bone of the prepared ligands having the following structures.The prepared ligands were characterized by melting points measurements, IR, 1HNMR and UV - Vis spectra and (C.H.N) analysis. The other part of this project refer to the synthesis of complexes of the ions Ni(II) and Cu(II) with all prepared ligands.All preparation was performed after fixing the ideal pH and molar concentration that obeyed Lambert - Beer’s law in the studied pH ranges. The structure of these complexes was deduced according to the molar ratio and Job methods depending on the spectroscopic studies of the complex solution of the above ions. However, ration of 1 : 2 M : L for all ions were obtained.The prepared complexes were characterized using IR and Uv - Vis spectra conductivity magnetic susceptibility and melting points measurements. The percentage of the metals in the complexes has been found by flameless atomic absorption technique. Micro elemental analysis (C.H.N.) were also measured, the results are in agreement with the calculated values. All the complexes are quite stable and could be stored for months without any appreciable change. According to the results obtained by elemental and spectral analysis, an octahedral structure was suggested for the prepared complexes with the ligand (L1) and mixed ligands (L1,L3)while tetrahedral for the all prepared complexes with the ligand (L2) and ligand (L3).In addition the dyeing performance of the prepared compounds was assessed. The dyes were tested for light and detergent fastness. Study of biological activities of the prepared compounds has also been performed. The study was carried out using Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus aurous and Bacillus cereus in agar medium. Some of the complexes exhibit good bacterial activities.

تقنية استخلاص نقطة الغيمة لفصل واغناء المغنيسيوم (II) والخارصين (II) والنيكل (II) على هيئة ايونات سالبة وتقديرها طيفيا في نماذج بيئية وحياتية مختلفة == Cloud Point Extraction Method For Separation And Preconcentration of Mg 2+,Zn 2+,Ni 2+as Anions And Their Spectrophotometric Determination In Environmental And Vital Samples

Author name: اباء عدنان عزوز المحنه
Supervisor name: شوكت كاظم جواد
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: قد استعملت تقنية CPEعلى مدى واسع من التطبيقات في اغناء وفصل واستخلاص العديد من المركبات البايلوجية والدوائية والمركبات العضوية والعديد من الايونات الفلزية على هيئة معقدات سالبة اوموجبة في محاليلها المائية.وتعد من التقنيات المهمة والسهلة والرخيصة والصديقة | Cloud point extraction CPE methodology is wide spread used for applications to separation or Preconcentration and extraction of many medic mental or biological compounds as well as organic compounds and several metal ions as negative or positive and neutral complexes for aqueous solutions, as well as this method considers an easy, cheap and important technique and one application of green chemistry with high sensitivity which isn’t use organic solvents. This study is an application for CPE methodology for extraction, separation and preconcentration of magnesium (II), zinc (II) and nickel (II) from aqueous solutions as anions coupled with spectrophotometric method for determination these metals in different vital and environmental samples. And the major thought of this study is to change the metal ion to anion complex in aqueous solutions, and then extracted as ion pair association complexes after combination with large suitable complexing agent and using surfactant as additional phase to extract ion pair association complexes formed and in this study surfactant TritonX - 100 was used. This study include extraction of Mg (II) as anion complex with Oxine [Mg (OX3) - ] after combination Mg2+with Oxine produced from 8 - hydroxy qunoline in basic solution NaOH, afterward formed ion pair association complex with Rhodamin - B.The first step in this study is the definition (?max ) for ion pair association complex formed and extracted spectrophotometricaly. The study show ?max was 648 nm according to mechanism below : Mg2+ + 3 OX - Mg (OX) 3 - Rhb+; Cl - + Mg (OX) 3 - [Rhb+; Mg (OX) 3 - ] + Cl Cloud point extraction CPE method is one of indirect method of extraction to submit to thermodynamic equilibria which is control extraction method.This study demonstrate (50µg/10 mL) giving best extraction with higher activity as well as this method need 0.08 M 8 - HQ for extraction, as well as 0.5 M NaOH to produce Oxine from 8 - HQ as well as need 1×10 - 4 M Rhodamine - B for favorable activity of extraction. Extraction of zinc (II) according to CPE method, by using PANN as new complexing agent prepared in this study to produce ion pair association complex in HCl media after change Zn2+ to ZnCl3 - , ZnCl4= , spectrophotometricaly show ?max = 414 nm for ion pair association complex formed and extracted. According to equilibria below : PANN + 2 HCl [2H - PANN] 2+; 2Cl - PANN + HCl HPANN+; Cl - Zn2+ +3 HCl - ZnCl3 - + 3H+ Zn2+ + 4 HCl ZnCl4= or HZnCl4 - + 3H+ or 4H+ HPANN+; Cl - + ZnCl3 - HPANN+; ZnCl3 - + Cl - HPANN+; Cl - + HZnCl4 - HPANN+; HZnCl4 - + Cl - [2H - PANN] 2+; 2Cl - +ZnCl4= [2H - PANN] 2+; ZnCl4= +2Cl - Hydrochloric acid HCl media play a major rule for change metal cation Zn2+ into anion complex ZnCl3 - or ZnCl4= , then study demonstrate 1M was optimum concentration of HCl giving higher activity of extraction Zn2+ with (20µg/10 mL). Extraction of nickel (II) according to CPE method by used DB18C6 with mechanism of extraction below : Ni2+ + 3H+Cl - NiCl3 - + 3H+ Ni2+ + 4 H+Cl - NiCl4=+ 4H+ Na+Cl - + DB18C6 [NaDB18C6] +; Cl - [NaDB18C6]+; Cl - + NiCl3 - [NaDB18C6] +; NiCl3 - + Cl - [NaDB18C6]+; Cl - + HNiCl4 - [NaDB18C6] +; HNiCl4 - + Cl - Higher activity of extraction was by use of 0.5 M HCl, 0.25 M NaCl, Ni2+ (50µg/10 mL) as well 1×10 - 4 M DB18C6. With study the effect of crown ethers and cryptand kinds. Which include thermodynamic and applications for spectrophotometric determination of these metals in different samples.

تحضير وتشخيص انواع جديدة من الاطيان الهجينة بطريقة ادخال ايونات المعادن باستخدام اطيان السمكتايت العراقية == Preparation And Characterization of Anew Hybrid Clays By Intercalaion With Metal Ions Using Iraqi - Smectite Clays

Author name: فرات لطيف يحيى شريف
Supervisor name: محمد حسن عبد اللطيف
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The aim of this study is to prepare two types of hybrid Iraqi Clays, which have been magnetic Properties by using the mothed of Intercalation.In this study, we have used two types of Iraqi clays (Bentonite and Attapulgite) with a saturated solution of ferrous chloride aqueous (FeCl2.4H2O) , ferric chloride aqueous (FeCl3.6H2O) and Super Magnet solution (Nd2 Fe14 B), the clays activate firstly by using the way of the ionic exchange with industrial Ionic exchanger on the formula (H - Form) , then we intercalate different percentage of iron ions and Super Magnet to that clays.They have used different analytical techniques in this study which include : Magnetic Susceptibility ,Infrared spectroscopy , X - ray diffraction spectrum and Scanning Electron microscopy. the results were have obtained as follows : 1 - The activation process has led to removal the impurities and thus led to increase of the proportion each of Montmorillonite and Attapulgite metal.2 - Magnetic Susceptibility of Initiated Clays are higher than the Magnetic Susceptibility of crude clays.3 - Magnetic Susceptibility increases due to intercalate two types of iron ions, as well as intercalated Super Magnet and has models depended in Table (3 - 2) as the higher models of Magnetic Susceptibility with bentonite clay and models in Table (3 - 13) are higher models of Magnetic Susceptibility with Attapulgite clay, 'the model number (1) is the highest Magnetic Susceptibility models of Super Magnet with clay bentonite, either Attapulgite clay has increased Magnetic Susceptibility by using all ratios in Table (3 - 27).4 - Infrared spectrum has showed appearance of clear peaks back to Hematite and Magnetite which have two types of iron oxides, which own magnetic properties and the peaks have notpresented in the spectrum of the raw clay for each of bentonite and Attapulgite as well as appearance of new peak back to hydroxide neodymium at intercalated the Super Magnet.5 - Powder X - ray diffraction spectrum has Showed an increasing in the intensity of each of the Montmorillonite and Attapulgite metal after activation process' After intercalation process we note a decrease in the intensity of Montmorillonite and Attapulgite metal because of the entry of different ratios of iron ions As well as (Nd2 Fe14 B) This is evidence formation of hybrid clays where the X - ray spectrum showed appearance of new peaks back to Hematite , Magnetite and Super Magnet, as well as an increase in the intensity peaks of Hematite in the original clay.6 - Scanning Electron microscopy image has shown on a clear change in the crystalline structures that have appeared on the surface of clay which show the success of intercalation process.Through the results we have obtained through this study that the method used in Activation of clay and intercalation of two type of iron as well as a Super Magnet is a successful method and can be depended in the preparation of Clays possess magnetic qualities can be used in high - efficiency adsorption and ion exchange applications.

طريقة مطورة لتقدير عقاري هيدروكلوريد البايريدوكسين واللايسينوبريل ببناء اقطاب بوليمرية انتقائية غشائية وبالطرائق الطيفية == Development Method For Determination of Pyridoxine Hydrochloride And Lisinopril Dihydrate Drugs By Construction of Selective Membrane Polymer Electrodes And Spectrophotometric Methods

Author name: فدعم متعب عبدون حمد الجبوري
Supervisor name: سهام توفيق امين
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: This study includes the determination of Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (PYR) and Lisinopril dihydrate (LIS) drugs by using Potentiometric and Spectrophotometric Analytical Methods.First : Potentiometric Methods : This method includes construction of membrane selective electrodes based on complexation of drugs with Phosphomolybdic acid (PM) and Phosphotungestic acid (PT) as an active materials and using Di - Butylphthalate (DBP) and Tri butyl phosphate (TBP) as a plasticizers , polyvinylchloride was used as a matrix for this electrodes.The Characters of each electrode were as follow : 1. For electrode PYR - PM using DBP as a plasticizer, the results were : 10 - 5 - 10 - 1, 52.4 mV/decade ,0.9969 , 2.37 x 10 - 7 M, 2.8 - 3.0 at 27oC for linear range, slope , correlation coefficient , limit of detection, optimum pH range respectively using internal filling solution of 10 - 3 M. The life time of the electrode was 23 days. 2. For electrode PYR - PT using DBP as a plasticizer, the results were : 10 - 5 - 10 - 1, 57.2 mV/decade ,0.9991 , 5.24 x 10 - 7 M, 2.5 - 2.7 at 25oC for linear range, slope , correlation coefficient , limit of detection, optimum pH range respectively using internal filling solution of 10 - 3 M. The life time of the electrode was 19 days.3. For electrode LIS - PM using DBP as a plasticizer, the results were : 10 - 5 - 10 - 1, 32.0 mV/decade ,0.9970 , 2.1 x 10 - 7 M, 3.6 - 3.9 at 27oC for linear range, slope , correlation coefficient , limit of detection, optimum pH range respectively using internal filling solution of 10 - 3 M. The life time of the electrode was 35 days.4. For electrode LIS - PM using TBP as a plasticizer, the results were : 10 - 5 - 10 - 1, 28.175 mV/decade ,0.9985 , 1.16 x 10 - 7 M, 3.2 - 3.5 at 25oC for linear range, slope , correlation coefficient , limit of detection, optimum pH range respectively using internal filling solution of 10 - 3 M. The life time of the electrode was 28 days.Second : Spectrophotometric Methods : 1. Oxidative Coupling : The drug PYR determined by oxidative with 1.8 ml of 0.1M Sodium periodate and 1.6 ml of the reagent 4AAP 0.05M , the absorption of the colored product is measured at 528 nm , for the range of concentration from 2.0 - 30 ?g.ml - 1.The molar absorptivity was 6126.88 l.mole - 1.cm - 1 and Sandel index 0.03356 ?g.cm - 2.2. Diazocoupling : The drug LIS determined by dizocoupling reaction , the drug react with excess nitrite in an acdic medium to produce the corresponding diazonium salt.After the removal of residual nitrate with sulphamic acid, the diazonium salt is coupled with the reagent 4AAP in basic medium to produce aso - dye an intense orange colored which exhibits maximum absorption at 453nm. Beer's law is obeyed over range from 40 - 320 ?g.ml - 1 with molar absorptivity was 1.0596×103 l.mole - 1.cm - 1 and Sandel index 0.416?g.cm - 2.

تحضير بعض بوليمرات قواعد شف ودراسة التشويب والتوصيلية الكهربائية لها == Synthesis And Characterization of Some Poly Schiff Base And Study Their Doping And Electrical Conductivity

Author name: عمار فراس ابراهيم الدليمي
Supervisor name: عماد طه بكر التكريتي | علي طه علي السامرائي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: يتناول البحث تحضير المونومير ثنائي الامين (M1) الناتج من تفاعل 4 - امينو اسيتو فينون مع التيرفثالدهايد بطريقة تحضير الجالكونات وكذلك تحضير سبع بوليمرات من نوع بولي قواعد شف اذ استعمل ثنائي الامين (M1) في تحضير البوليمر (I) من خلال عملية تكاثف مع التيرفثال | This research handles preparation of seven polymers of poly Schiff bases , and The di amin (M1) has been prepared from reaction of 4 - amino acetophenone with terphthaldehyde by Chalcons preparing method , where terphthaldehyde was used to prepare ( VI , V , VII ) polymers through condensation with di amines { 2,6 - di amino pyridine , 4 - amino phenyl sulfone , di amino malono nitrile } , also phtaldehyde was used to prepare ( VII , IV ) polymers by condensation with di amines ( 2,6 - diamino pyridine , 4 - amino phenyl sulfone ) , and isophthaldehyde was used in preparation of polymer (III) by condensation with { 2,6 - di amino pyridine } and below is the structure of the prepared di amine (M1). All polymers have been characterized by FT - IR technique , and some of them were characterized by CHN and 1H - NMR , Pellets preparing of all polymers where prepared with thickness range (0.97 - 0.75) with range pressure (1000 - 2000) Kg\cm2 , and then a Volume Electric doped Conductivity has been measured for the samples in their pure and doped state by using different dopants (Iodine , Ferric chloride , Zinc chloride , and p - toluene sulphonic acid) , with different mole percentage , and also The Iodine doping was carried out by vaporization tecnique , electrical conductivity of polymers have been found in pure state (fist polymer to seven polymer) as follows : ( 1.19 - 11 , 1.22E - 11 , 2,76E - 11 , 3.00E - 11 , 2.28 E - 11, 2.33E - 10 , 8.00E - 11 ) the highest value for conductivity was for polymer ( VI ) which reached 2.33E - 10 , while the highest conductivity for the doped polymers was by using dopant iodine and reach to 9.66E - 6. the effect of changing the substitution benzene and the effect of dopants on increasing conductivity of polymers where the most effective factors for increasing the conductivity.

تحضير مشتق جديد للبايروزولون ازو واستعماله في تقدير الكميات الضئيلة لبعض الايونات الفلزية بالطرائق الطيفية == Preparation of New Pyrozolone Azo Derivative And Use It For Micro Determination of Some Metal Ions By Spectrophotometric Methods

Author name: شيماء حسن ملاح
Supervisor name: حسين جاسم محمد
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تضمن البحث تحضير الكاشف الجديد 3 - (?4 - انتي بايرايل ازو) - 1 - نايتروزو - 2 - نفثول واجراء دراسة اولية مع (9) ايون فلزي واستحداث طريقة طيفية لتقدير كل من النحاس (II) والكوبلت (II) بهذا الكاشف في الوسط المائي، اذ كان الطول الموجي الاعظم للكاشف (374) نان | The research includes primary study of the reaction of 3 - (4? - Antipyriyl azo) - 1 - Nitroso - 2 - naphthol (APANN) with (9) metal ions and spectrophotometric method for the determination of copper (II) and Cobalt (II) ions with this reagent. The wavelength of maximum absorption (?max) for the reagent is (374) nm and for complexes formed between these ions with this reagent was found at (430.5) nm and (432) nm for both copper (II) and Cobalt (II( respectively in aqueous medium, also the optimum conditions for the reaction of these ions with the reagent were employed ,such as the volume of reagent solution, time, temperature, type of buffer, order of addition and effect of pH, calibration curves of these complexes were constructed. Beer's law was obeyed in the range (0.1 - 2.5) ppm of copper with a correlation coefficient (R2= 0.9971) and molar absorptivity ? = 1.83 × 104 L.mole - 1.cm - 1 and Sandell sensitivity was (0.00349) ?g.cm2 - , as for Cobalt, the range was (0.1 - 2.5) ppm with a correlation coefficient (R2= 0.9965) and molar absorptivity ? = ) 3.3×104 ( L.mol - 1.cm - 1 ,and Sandell sensitivity was (0.0018)µg.cm - 2. The stoichiometry of the formed soluble complexes between copper (II) and Cobalt(II) with reagent was investigated by both the continuous variations method and mole ratio method, the ratio (M : L) was (1 : 2) for Copper complex and Cobalt complex at pH (8.5) for both complexes. The stability constant (Ksta) for the complexes of copper (II) and Cobalt (II( was equal to (8.237 ×108 L.mol - 1) and (1× 108 L.mol - 1) respectively. Precision and accuracy of the analytical procedure were showed for (0.5) ppm of Cu (II) and Co (II) that R.S.D.% was equal to (0.97), (0.73) , (Erel, Re)% (0.6, 99.4)%, (0.4, 99.6)% for these ions, respectively. The analytical procedure were showed for (1) ppm of Cu (II) and Co (II) R.S.D.% was equal to (0.41,0.60) , (Erel, Re)% (0.3, 99.7)%,(0.2, 99.8)% for these ions respectively. The interference of metal ions in the presence of related ions was determined, as well as, masking of these ions by suitable masking agents was studied. The study of effect of three kinds of surfactants on the absorptions of the complexes and calculation of stability constants and treatment of the results statistically and make comparison with aqueous medium were done. The physical properties of precipitants were studied through the establishment of melting point, solubility and molar conductivity as well as the measurement of infrared spectra , and C.H.N, with the suggestion of structural formula of the formed complexes with the reagent (APANN). The method was applied for the determination of the content of copper (II) in tea leaves samples and Cobalt (II) in raw caw milk samples. Finally ,The biological activity of these complexes was tested with four types of bacteria.

تاثير بعض الادوية على بعض الانزيمات الناقلة لدى مرضى السكري النوع الثاني في محافظة بابل == Study Effect of Some Drugs On Some Transfer Enzymes In Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 In Babylon Province

Author name: زينب غالب عبد الكريم الجبوري
Supervisor name: عودة مزعل ياسر الزاملي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: شملت الدراسة 100 مريضا بداء السكري من النوع الثاني )غير المعتمد على الانسولين( NIDDM، تراوحت اعمارهم بين ) 53 - 35 ( سنة وتم الحصول على النماذج من المرضى المراجعين الى مركز السكري في مدينة مرجان الطبية في محافظة بابل - العراق، بالاضافة الى 35 شخص ا اصحاء | This study involved 100 patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2, with average of age between (35 - 63) years old. The patients were enrolled in the Diabetes Center in Merjan Medical City, in Babylon Province, Iraq at February 2014 to August 2014. In addition to 50 healthy persons who represent control group, and their age between (35 - 55) years old.The patients were divided into three groups as followingFirst : (28 patients were treated with Metformin (Glucophage) drug).Second : (30 patients were treated with Daonil (Glibeneclamide) drug).Third : (42 patients were treated with Metformin and Daonil).In addition to 50 healthy persons who are selected as control group (without chronic diseases or diabetic and without smoking).The Diabetes Mellitus type 2 was characterized as in WHO criteria which including that all patients in this study, (the patients who are not suffering from hypertension, the asthma, smoking, alcoholism and without using any other drugs over the essential diabetes drugs except that of (Metformin and Daonil) are dismissed in this study). Serum and whole blood were used to estimate the levels of fasting blood glucose, urea, creatinine, proteins, cholesterol, tri glyceride, fatty proteins (HDL - c, LDL - c and VLDL - c) and liver enzymes (ALT, AST and GGT) in the serum, HbA1c was detected in the whole blood. MDA and Glutathione in the erythrocytes. In this study, It was found that there are significant and insignificant differences for each of variables related to Diabetes for different types of drugs. Also, the glutathione S - transferase GST was purified from red blood cells (RBC) of control group by ionic exchange chromatography by means of DEAE Cellulose. After that, the electrophoresis of resulted enzyme was made to assess the molecular weight by using of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate - Poly Acrylamide Gel2Electrophoresis (SDS - PAGE). The same process was done by using NAITIVIN apparatus to separate the enzyme quantified, and the resulted enzyme from NAITIVIN was treated with the drugs taken by patients. After that, the activity of GST enzyme was measured to show the different drugs effect upon the GST enzyme activity. For the purified enzyme activity after treating it with drugs was 3.62 , 3.57, 3.66 ?mol / min / ml , for each of Metformin, Daonil, and Metformin & Daonil respectively, while the activity of GST purified enzyme without treating with drugs was 3.24 ?mol / min / ml.Through this study, it has been noticed that there is an increasing of enzyme activity after purifying and mixing it with drugs, and this increasing results from the drugs effect upon GST activity, for the enzyme use to transform these poisons (drugs) and resulted compounds outside the body.

تحضير وتشخيص بوليمرات جديدة مقاومة لللهب ودراسة خواصها الحرارية == Synthesis And Characterization of New Flame Retardant Polymers And Study Their Thermal Properties

Author name: محمود عودة مطشر
Supervisor name: محمد علي مطر
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تستخدم البولي ايميدات الاروماتية على نطاق واسع في الصناعة لما لها من خصائص ممتازة في الثبات الحراري, الصلابة العالية ومقاومة اللهب, وهي واحدة من البوليمرات التجارية القوية جدا والعالية الاداء ولها استخدامات وتطبيقات واسعة في التكنلوجيا المتقدمة ,وتضمنت ال | Aromatic polyimides have been widely used in industry because of their excellent properties in thermal stability, high hardness and flame resistance. The present work involved preparation of new diamine monomers ( ABBB, ABAB, ABTB, ABDB, BPP, BCP, BDBP) containing (bromine, chlorine, phosphorus) as flame retardants and introducing them in reaction with different dianhydrides including )PMDA, BTDA, 6FDA) producing new aromatic polyimides (P1 - P7), as follows : - 1. preparation of aromatic diamine monomers containing bromine (ABAB and ABBB), and then introduced in reaction with dianhydride (PMDA) by solution polycondensation producing polymers (P1 and P2) respectively.2. preparation of aromatic diamine monomers which containing elemental (chlorine and bromine), a (ABDB, ABTB) and then reaction with dianhydride (BTDA and PMDA) respectively by solution polycondensation producing polymers (P3 and P4). 3. Preparation of aromatic diamine monomers which containing elemental phosphorus, (BDBP, BCP, BPP) and then their reaction with dianhydride (BTDA, 6FDA, BTDA) by solution polycondensation producing polymers (P5, P6, P7).The prepared monomers and polymers were characterized by (FT - IR and 1HNMR Spectra). The thermal stability of these aromatic polyimides were investigated by means of thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) in a argon atmosphere and at a heating rate of 10°C/min at 800°C and by comparing them with aromatic polyimides (PIPM, PIBT, PI6F) empty elements flame retardant, where proven polymers (P1 - P7) stability of heat is very high, where temperatures were at loss (50%) by weight (T50%) more than (800oC) while the aromatic polyimides (PIPM, PIBT, PI6F) ranging between (492 - 582oC), and the percentage of remaining at a temperature of 800 o C for polymers( P1 - P7) ranging between (59 - 71%) on reverse polymers (PIPM, PIBT, PI6F), the percentage of remaining range (20 - 42%) , has been proven polymers (P1 - P7) high resistance to flame through the rate ratios (Char yield%) at a temperature of 500 o C where it was ranging between (86 - 99%), while for polymers (PIPM, PIBT, PI6F) ranging between (48 - 56%) at the same degree. and has been studying and evaluating the solubility of polymers prepared where appearance polymers (P1 - P7) solubility is very high, especially in solvents (polar aprotic) and because the process of modification in its chemical composition, where the presence of groups hydroxide and flexible ether linkages averse polymers (PIPM, PIBT, PI6F), which showed a lower solubility.

تخليق قواعد شف جديدة مشتقة من انهدريد البايرومليتك == Synthesis ,Antibacterial of Some Novel Schiff Bases Derived From Pyromellitic Dianhydride

Author name: عذراء محمد سلوم
Supervisor name: امينة عبد الرحمن فياض | عماد تقي علي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تم تخليق قواعد جديده مشتقة من انهدريد ثنائي البايرومليتك بعدة خطوات. حيث حضرت مشتقات حامض البايرومليتك المتناظره a­c[ I ] من تفاعل انهدريد ثنائي البايرومليتك مع بعض الامينا ت الاورماتية الحاويه على (مجاميع ساحبه واخرى دافعة ) في الاسيتون كمذيب. واشتملت | The novel Schiff bases derived from pyromellitic dianhydride were synthesized by several steps reaction. A symmetrical diamic acide [I ]a - c was synthesized by the reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride with some aromatic amines (containing electron withdrawing , repulling groups ) in dry acetone.In the second step the diacids were converted to their corresponding diimide [II ]a - c using acetic anhydride and sodium acetate system as a dehydrating agent, via the intramolecular cyclization steps of amic acids.The third step was to synthesis the hydrazone derivatives from the reaction of diimides , with 80 % hydrazine hydrate at (50 - 60)C?.These hydrazone derivatives were allowed to react with several aromatic aldehydes to form new Schiff bases via step four at a temperature near by (80 - 85)C?. As shown in the following scheme (3.1). All the novel compounds and their structures have been ascertained by their melting points , mixed melting points , C.H. N analysis , FTIR , UV - Viss. and 1HNMR spectroscopy for some of them. Also the biological activity of some of them was studied which showed that these compounds have different activities towards the studied bacteria.

تحضير وتشخيص ودراسة الفعالية البايولوجية لبعض مشتقات البريميدين الجديدة بتطبيق تفاعل سوزوكي == Synthesis And Characterization And Biological Activity Study of Some New Pyrimidine Derivatives Via Application Suzuki Reaction

Author name: رؤى جميل كامل
Supervisor name: نبيل عبد عبد الرضا
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Organic Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الرسالة تحضير وتشخيص عدد من مشتقات البريميدين الجديدة من خلال تطبيق تفاعل سوزوكي، كما شملت الرسالة الفعالية البايولوجية للمركبات المحضرة ضد فيروس الايدز، تم انجاز موضوع الرسالة بتطبيق الاجزاء التالية : الجزء الاول تحضير المركبات 99 , 101 , 103 , 1 | The thesis included a detailed study of the biological importance of Pyrimidines compounds. The literature screening included the synthesis of different derivatives of pyrimidines compounds as well as their chemical reactivity , in addition to the experimental part which included the chemical procedures for preparation of the new derivatives of pyrimidine. New pyrimidine derivatives have been prepared by several parts : The first part include preparation of compounds 99 , 101 , 103 , 105 , 107 , 108 , 110 , 112 , 114 , 116 by Suzuki coupling reaction via reaction of uracil derivatived with the aromatic boronic acids to give new derivatives.The second part includes preparation of pyrimidine derived 117 by nitration of compound 42 using of concentrated nitric acid with concentrated sulfuric acid and preparation of new derivatives starting from compound 117 via Suzuki coupling reaction with some aromatic boronic acids.The third part includes includes preparation of new two compounds derived from compound 120 via Suzuki coupling reaction with the different boronic acides. The fourth part includes preparation of pyrimidine derivatives 126 by reaction of pyrimidine derivatives 120 with para - chloroaniline via coupling reaction to give the new derivative of azo pyrimdine dye.The fifth part includes preparation of new two compounds derived from compound 126 via Suzuki coupling reaction with the different boronic acides.As well as the thesis which us discussed the preparation and identification of new pyrimidine derivatives from throough spectra (I.R) , (1H - NMR) , (13C - NMR) and (C.H.N) and specta (HSQC) , (COSY) and (HMBC). For some of these compounds, and these identification studies approved the correctness of the chemical structures for the prepared derivatives. As well as in the thesis is included biological activity against AIDS. Scheme (1)R NO. R NO.4 - OH 96 4 - CHO 984 - OMe 109 4 - Cl 1004 - CN 111 4 - OEt 1024 - CF3 113 4 - OMe 1043,4 - OMe 115 4 - Br 106 (A) : (Ph3P)4Pd, Na2CO3, n - PrOH, Reflux(B) : NaNO2, HCl, (0 - 5)C°, 16h.
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