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تحضير وتشخيص ودراسة الفعالية البايوكيميائية لبعض مشتقات ? لاكتام

اسم المؤلف: عذراء محمد علي
اسم المشرف: علي هاشم عيسى | سميرة احمد زيارة
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Staudinger reaction of imines to β - lactams was successfully achieved using chloroacetyl chloride and tertiary amines in dry toluene under mild conditions. Two new types of β - lactams have been synthesized by this versatile and efficient method in good to excellent yields.R2 R1 الرمز Br NO2 A CN NO2 M OCH3 OCH3 F Br OCH3 B The imines were synthesized according to the literature procedure by reaction of substituted aldehydes and substituted anilines.The chloroacetyl chloride has been synthesized by the reaction of chloroacetic acid with phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) and used directly with out any purifications.All products were characterized using IR, H and C NMR. This method is simple, clean, and the by - products were removed by simple aqueous work - up. The effects of solvents, molar ratio of reagent, and the temperature were considered.The antibacterial acttivity of the compounds A, M and F has been studied on gram positive isolates (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus) and gram Negative isolates (E. coli and Psedomonas), in comparison with standard antibiotics which are : Ampicillin, Amoxicillin and Cephalexin.The results showed the influence of the effectiveness of inhibitory compounds on all bacterial isolates at concentration (250 mg / ml). The study also included the estimation of minimum inhibition concentration of these compounds at all examined bacterial isolates. The results showed the contentiously effectiveness of the compounds (A, M) in the inhibition of the gram positive Staphylococcus aureus spp. up to focus (25 μg / ml). In addition, our study includes determination of the effect of compounds A, M and F on human fresh red blood cells as cytotoxicity in concentrations (1,5,25,50,250 mg / ml). The results were revealed that there was non - hemolysis of red blood cells, so it can be considered these compounds are non - toxic on the human red blood cells.The effect of studied compounds (A, M, F) at concentrations (50, 125, 250 mg / ml) dissolved in DMSO solution, were determined to detect the symptoms of hypersensitivity test using the domestic rabbits, no appearance of any symptoms were observed for hypersensitivity Lalani swelling and redness, or itching after injection of these compounds for the first time, as well as after the exposure to these compounds after Done week measure, the level of antibodies type lgE and white blood cells type acidic Eosinophil, were measured after injection of these compounds which not get any significan

تحضير ودراسة فاعلية بعض مركبات بس (اندازول - 6 - ايمينو) - 9,10 - انثراسين المعوضة الجديدة كمثبتات ضوئية ومضادات اكسدة == Synthesis and Study of Photostablization and Antioxidant Activity of Some New Bis(Indazole - 6 - Imino)substituted - 9,10 - Anthracene Compounds

اسم المؤلف: عبد الرحمن نوري ايوب
اسم المشرف: علي حسين الموالي | حنان عبد الجليل الهزام
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعنى هذه الرسالة بتحضير بعض قواعد شف الجديدة (A1 - A4) كمثبتات ضوئية ومضادات اكسدة من تفاعل 6 - امينو اندازول ومشتقات الانثراكوينون باستخدام حامض بارا - تلوين سلفونك . توضح الاشكال ادناه الصيغة التركيبية للمركبات قيد الدراسة. 9,10 - di((1H - indazol - 6 - yl)imino)anthracene(A1) 9,10 - bis((1H - indazol - 6 - yl)imino) - 9,10 - dihydroanthracene - 1,2,5,8 - tetraol(A2) 9,10 - bis((1H - indazol - 6 - yl)imino) - 2,4 - dibromo - 9,10 - dihydroanthracen - 1 - amine(A3) 9,10 - bis((1H - indazol - 6 - yl)imino) - 4 - amino - 9,10 - dihydroanthracen - 1 - ol(A4) شخصت المركبات باستعمال تقنيات تحليل العناصر الدقيق CHN ومطيافية الاشعة تحت الحمراء ومطيافية الرنين النووي المغناطيسي وقد اثبتت هذه التقنيات صحة المركبات المحضرة. درس التثبيت الضوئي للمركبات المحضرة باضافة نسب وزنية متفاوتة لكل منها (2% ، 4% ، 6% ، 8%) الى البولي اثلين وصنع منها افلام رقيقة وشععت بواسطة اشعة تحت الحمراء لمتابعة شدة حزمة الكاربونيل . وقد تبين من هذه الدراسة بان المركبات تمتلك خاصية حماية البوليمرات من ظاهرة التاكسد الضوئي وتختلف قابلية المركبات كمثبتات ضوئية تبعا للمعوضات التي تمتلكها.وفي طريقة مباشرة درست قابلية المركبات المحضرة كمضادات اكسدة من خلال اضافتها الى الجذر الحر داي فنايل يكرايل هايدرازايل (DPPH) بواسطة استخدام مطيافية الاشعة المرئية عند الطول الموجي 517 نانو ميتر واستعمل حامض الاسكوربيك كمادة مرجعية . وقد تبين من هذه الدراسة فعالية عالية تمتلكها هذه المركبات لقنص الجذور الحرة مقارنة بالمركب المرجعي. | This thesis is concerned with preparation of new scheff bases (A1 - A4) composed from 6 - aminoindazole and Anthraquinone derivatives in presence of P - toluen sulphonic acid .the figures below shows chemical structure of the prepared compounds. 9,10 - di((1H - indazol - 6 - yl)imino)anthracene(A1) 9,10 - bis((1H - indazol - 6 - yl)imino) - 9,10 - dihydroanthracene - 1,2,5,8 - tetraol(A2) 9,10 - bis((1H - indazol - 6 - yl)imino) - 2,4 - dibromo - 9,10 - dihydroanthracen - 1 - amine(A3) 9,10 - bis((1H - indazol - 6 - yl)imino) - 4 - amino - 9,10 - dihydroanthracen - 1 - ol(A4)All prepared compounds were characterized by CHN, Infra - red, UV - Visible Nuclear magnetic resonance.The photostablizer activities of these compounds against low density polyethylene after exposure to Xenon U.V light lamp ware measured and compared with standard photostablizer (BHT).The antioxidant properties of these compounds ware also studied using UV - Visible technique . The results indicate that these materials are very effective as radical scavengers compared with standard ascorbic acid (ASC).

تحضير بعض قواعد شف الثنائية المتماثلة وغير المتماثلة الجديدة ومعقداتها مع الاوكسوفناديوم ودراسة فعاليتها التحفيزية في تفاعل اكسدة البنزوين == Preparation some of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Schiff bases and their oxovanadium complexes and a study of their catalytic activity of Benzoin oxidation reaction

اسم المؤلف: سماح عباس جهاد
اسم المشرف: قحطان عبد عسكر | بشرى كامل جدوع
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: حضرت في هذه الدراسة مجموعة من قواعد شف الثنائية المتماثلة وغير المتماثلة المشتقة من تكاثف اورثوفانلين وبارافانلين وسلسلدهايد وباراكلوروبنزالديهايد وميتانايتروبنزالديهايد مع 2،1 - فنلين ثنائي الامين على التوالي وكذلك قاعدة شف احادية من تكاثف اورثوفانلين مع 2،1 - فنلين ثنائي الامين.شخصت هذه المركبات بتقنيات طيف الكتلة والرنين النووي المغناطيسي ومطيافية تحت الحمراء .اظهرت جميع اطياف IR للمركبات المحضرة حزمه قويه تعزى الى التذبذب الاتساعي لمجموعة - C=N - مما يؤكد تكون قواعد شف. كذلك اظهرت جميع اطياف HNMR1 اشارة بروتون مجموعة الازوميثين ( - HC=N - ) .اظهرت اطياف الكتلة لجميع المركبات ذروة الايون الجزيئ بوفرة نسبية عالية تتفق مع الوزن الجزيئي لكل مركب مما يؤكد صحة التركيب المتوقع.حضرت ثلاثة معقدات للاوكسوفناديوم مع قواعد شف H , A1 , A5 جميع المعقدات المحضرة مستقرة غير متميعة وشخصت باستعمال IR وتحليل العناصر الدقيق وقيسـت التوصيليـة المـولارية لها في مذيب الداي مثيل فورمايد وبتركيز (10 - 3 M ) وكذلك قيس الثبات الحراري لها عن طريق التحاليل الحراريه. ان التوصيلية المولارية الواطئة لمحاليل المعقدات توضح الطبيعة غير الالكتروليتية للمعقدات وخلوها من الشقوق السالبة .وتبين اطياف تحت الحمراء للمعقدات المحضرة مواقع الارتباط اذ ازيحت حزمة C=N الى اعداد موجبة اقل مقارنة مع الليكاند الاصل مما يؤكــد مشاركتها في تكويـــن اواصر تناسقيــة. وظهـــور حزمـــة عريضة عنــد 3500 cm - 1 يؤكد وجود ماء متناسق. ومن دراسة السلوك الحراري للمعقدات لم تظهر المعقدات اي فقدان في الوزن في درجة حرارة الغرفة الى درجه 120 مئوية مما يؤكد خلوها من جزيئات الماء المرتبطة على شكل ماء تبلور . كما اكدت التحاليل عند درجة حرارة 200 0C على فقدان جزيئة ماء متناسقة في المعقدين A1VO, A5VO. وقد اكدت نتائج تحليل العناصر الدقيقة صحة التراكيب المقترحة للمعقدات : درست فعالية المعقدات كعوامل مساعدة لاكسدة البنزوين الى بنزل بواسطه H2O2 في درجات حرارية مختلفة ومذيبات مختلفة وكذلك تاثير الزمن. | Smmetrical Unsmmetric shiff bases have been synthesized from the condensation of o - Vanillin , p - Vanillin , Salcildehyde , p - chlorobenzaldehyde and m - Natrobenzaldehyde with 1,2 - phenylendiamine . All the compounds were characterize on the basis of IR , Mass , HNMR and elemental analysis .The in frared spectra of all compounds shows a strong bond confirmed the formation of imine . The HNMR spectra shows a signal attributed to a zomethine protons at expected region of imine protone The mass spectra of all compounds shows a molculir ion which a ggrement with molecular wight of the suggested structure.The complexes were characterized on the basis of their elemental analysis , IR , Tg/DTg analysis and molar condactance. The low value of molar conductance revelad that the complexes are non electrolyte in nature. The IR spectra of the complexes confirmed the site of chelation hence the complexes showed strong bands due to - C=N - which shifted to lower wave number compared with corresponding Schiff base , also the broad bands at 3500 cm - 1 confirmed the precence of coordinated water.The thermal behavior of the complexes was investigated by means of Tg/DTg measurments under N2 atmosfere up to 600 0C , no loss of weight up to 120 0C which indicated that the totally absence of lattical water molecule in all complexes, complex A1OV and A5OV shows a mass loss around 200 0C which equivalent to loss of one coordinated water molecule. Basid on IR , elemental analysis, molar conductance and thermal analysis a sequar pyramid was proposed for all complexes. The complexes were used as hetrogenous catalyst in the oxidation of benzoin to benzil by H2O2 as an oxidant agent. The reaction was moniterd spectrophotometricaly in the UV region. The effect of temperature , solvents and time was investigated. The catalytic activity was found to follow the order A5VO > HVO > A1VO

تحضير وتقييم ودراسة الاطلاق المسيطر عليه للكيتوبروفين المحمل على بوليمرات ذات خاصية لاصقة للمواد المخاطية == Preparation, evaluation and study controlled release ketoprofen from mucoadhesive polymers

اسم المؤلف: سرور وليد عبد الرضا الكناني
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: We have used ketoprofen which is found in the local pharmacy and ketoprofen was separated and purified and then measured the melting point and (λ max) were determined for the purpose of ascertainig the purity of the material used.The microspheres were prepared with Sodium alginate by using Sodium alginate with Chitosan and without Chitosan and by using Calcium chloride a cross - linking agent, the microspheres and drug were characterized by IR and photomicrographs microscopy.In vitrostudy of drug release and kinetics of drug release were studied in simulated Gastric fiuid (SGF) and simulated Intensinal fluid (SIF). The results exhibit that the pH value effected on releaseing rate of drug from microspheres, also the samples gave ahigh release rate in pH=(8.2)(SIF) comparison with low values of pH=(1.2) (SGF) .Study The effect of different process parameters such as drug /polymer ratio and sodium alginate /chitosan ratio,on the morphology, size distribution and drug release. The microspheres diameters were found between (400 - 900) μm The rate of ketoprofen released was increased with the increasing of concentration of drug in the microspheresThe release of drug deareasing with increase of polymers. The coefficient of determination indicated that the release data was best fitted with zero order kinetics , Higuchi equation explains the diffusion controlled release mechainism.In this study Nine polymer hydrogel compound were prepared (GI - G9). semi Interpenetra ting polymeric hydrogel (IPNS). From synthuetic polymers Poly electrolyte with poly acrylamide The swelling146146characteristics were studied for all microspheres and semi - IPN hydrogels by determining the swelling ratio (Q)in three differnt pH, it was found that it . depending on components quantities and enoironments.We Niosomes loaded with ketoprofen were prepard and studied rate release drug in (pH=7.4) was studied with decreasing . The results showed that the releasing is increase of Cholesterol, Niosomes was succeeded in cover kp . also prepared gel of Niosomes and Carbopol934 by different concentration of Niosomes and Carbopol934 , The results showed that by ahigh release of drug deincreasing the concentration of Carbopol934 .In biological part , the results show that biological activities of the microspheres loaded with kp exceed biological activities against three types of fungal isolates including Candida albicans, and staphylocoecas aureus in comparison with activity of kp alone.The study consist on the toxicity of these materials which is shown that these materials are nontoxic.

دراسة الصفات الفيزيائية والكيميائية وتقدير الفينولات في المحطات (Hg,Cd,Pb) وبعض العناصر الثقيلة المختارة لمياه شط العرب == Study of physiochemical Properties Determination of phenols and Some Heavy Metals (Hg , Cd , Pb ) in the Selected Station of Shatt Al - Arab water

اسم المؤلف: سارة كاظم حسین السیامر
اسم المشرف: ناظم عبد النبي عواد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study was concluded measurement of physical and chemical properties such as pH value, temperature, electrical conductivity, total hardness total solubility of salt, calcium and magnesium hardness, chloride concentration basal, concentration of dissolved oxygen, phosphates, nitrates, concentration of sodium and potassium in addition to, estimation of heavy metal and phenols to sample taken from shatt al - Arab of Qurna to Fao for period From December (2014) to June (2015). The study showed that the water temperature range between (18co - 20.4co) .The pH value were (7.8 - 8.9). Electrical conductivity range between (1118 - 27700ppm) the total hardness. Of studies water sample were (480 - 2600 ppm) Qurna E20. The concentration of lead were (1.8ppm) as the highest value plant (SH4) which located in FAo (marina boats) in plant (SH2) which located in AL Maakal. The study reveated That The highest value 0f mercury were in plant (SH4) which were (18nglmL)in plant which located in water project near The basra airport (F3) and (F5) plant located near Basra international airport The Salty were range (752 - 20000 ppm) in addition, Calcium and Magnesium concentration were (96 - 468ppm) and (43 - 846 ppm) respectively, chloride concentration (122 - 965ppm) while The basal were (l05 - 200 ppm), dissolve oxygen were (8.13 - 17.5 0). phosphates and nitrate were range between (0.10 - 0.62ppm) and (2.24 - 15.53ppm) respectively sodium and potassium concentration to studies sample were (120 - 8800ppm) ( 3.1 - l50ppm) revealed That highest value of cadmium element were in Abu - alkaseeb plant in Al - sankar (SH2B) were (0.099607ppm) while the lowest value were (0.0125819ppm) which were in plant before confluence of Tigris and Euphrates rivers about450m in sediment sample, The highest value of sodium and lead were(0.17Mg.g) and (2.1Mg.g) respectively in SH2B plant while lowest value of cadmium and lead were (0.11Mg.g) and (0.95Mg.g) respectively in F5plant lead element has highest value(2.5Mg.g) in plant SH2B while lowest value were (1.2Mg.g)in plant SH1which located in Al - Hartha before karma Ali river. This study showed that the concentration of phenols were range between (20 - 590ng\l) also, this study showed that Shatt - Al - Arab which consider as main source to water drinking in province of Basra , is currently asking for direct sewage and heavy water without treatment .

تحضير وتشخيص المعقدات الضمنية لبعض ادوية السلفا == Preparation and Characterization of Inclusion Complexes of Some Sulfa drugs

اسم المؤلف: رؤى قاسم ابراهيم
اسم المشرف: جبار صالح هادي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: حضرت في هذه الدراسة ثلاثة معقدات ضمنية لثلاثة من ادوية السلفا هي السلفابروكسلين والسلفابريدين والسلفاميثوكسي بريدايزين مع β - سايكلودكسترين بنسبة مولية 1 : 1 وبطريقتين هما طريقة التجفيف بالتجميد Freeze drying وطريقة العجن Kneading . شخصت المعقدات المحضرة باستعمال تقنيات IR و1HNMR وXRD وDSC وTg وSEM .وقد اظهرت نتائج IR و1HNMR طبيعة التداخل بين جزيئة الضيف والمضيف وبينت بان الحلقة الاوروماتية لادوية السلفا توجد داخل فجوة - CD β الكاره للماء . سلفابروكسلين β - سايكلودكسترين معقد السلفابروكسلين - β سايكلودكسترين واظهرت دراسة XRD لمساحيق الادوية النقية ، وبمقارنتها مع المعقد الناتج ان الصفة البلورية لمعظم المعقدات تقل عند تكوين المعقد مقارنة مع السلفا النقية ، وحسبت احجام البلورات Crystal باستعمال معادلة Scherrer ووجد انها بحدود nanocrystalline. كذلك بينت دراسة DSC وTg ان الاستقرار الحراري للسلفابروكسلين يزداد عند تكوين المعقد وبينت نتائج DSC اثبات تكوين المعقد . وكذلك بينت صور SEM للمعقدات الناتجة ان معقد السلفابروكسلين ذات اشكال ورقية ، ومعقد السلفابريدين ذات اشكال قرصية ، اما معقد السلفاميثوكسي بريدايزين فانة يظهر باشكال صفائحية ذات حافات حادة .كذلك درس تاثير تكوين المعقدات على ذوبانية الطور Phase Solubility في المحاليل المائية وتصنف الادوية الثلاث بانها قليلة الذوبان جدا في الماء بحالتها النقية . واستعملت طريقة Higuchi وConnors في تكوين المعقد على الذوبان باستعمال تقنية uv وبينت النتائج ان الذوبانية تزداد لجميع ادوية السلفا المدروسة مع زيادة تركيز CDβ وتتبع للنوع AL للسلفاميثوكسي بريدايزين وAN للسلفابريدين والسلفابروكسلين وحسب ثابت استقرار المعقدات من العلاقة Kc=slope/(S_o (1 - slope)) ووجد انها للسلفابروكسلينM - 1 455.160 وللسلفابريدينM - 1 483.149 وللسلفاميثوكسي بريدايزينM - 1 164.01 والذوبانية تزداد بمقدار 3 - 4 مرات

دراسة الاطلاق المسيطر عليه لعقار الاندوميثاسين من مركبات الاباتيت المحضرة المحتوية على عنصري الكالسيوم والسترونتيوم == Studying Of The Controlled Relaesinng of Indomethacin Drug From Prepared Apatite Compounds Containing Elemantal Calcium And Strontium

اسم المؤلف: رؤى حسين ناصر
اسم المشرف: عبد الامير حسين تعوبي | زكي ناصر كاظم
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This work contains two parts, the first parts includes the preparation of different compounds of apatite and determine the ratios of strontium and calcium and phosphate in the compounds and the second part included the study of release of indomethacin drug from prepared compounds.Different compounds of apatite were prepared and identified such as a compound of calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca10 (PO4)6 (OH)2) which is prepared in three different methods .Hydroxyapatite Strontium compound (Sr10(PO4)6 (OH)2) and Strontium Fluorapatite compound (Sr10(PO4)6F2 ) and composite calcium Fluorapatite compound ( Ca10 (PO4) 6F2) and Strontium - Calcium hydroxyapatite compound ( Ca5Sr5(PO4)6(OH)2 ).All these compounds were identified by Infrared spectroscopy and X - rays, which confirmed the presence of the prepared compounds.Quantitative analysis of the percentage of calcium and strontium in the prepared compounds was conducted using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Also the amount of phosphate and then phosphorus was determined by UV - Vis. spectroscopy ( Phosphomolybedenum blue method.) The results showed that the concentrations of the elements mentioned above in the prepared compounds are within the acceptable range for its role in a property biological effectiveness for compounds.The other part has been singled out for studying the release of a indomethacin drug in a laboratory in the prepared compounds and which is used as an anti - inflammatory and analgesic for pain osteoporosis.Porosity tablets of the compounds loading with drug indomethacin for 24 hours and then studied the release of drug from tablets for 48 hours using visible spectroscopy UV function when acidic pH = 7.4 and a temperature of 37 ⁰ m. As the results showed that the release of indomethacin taking a different time for different times of the compounds that arrived at the level at which the release settled between (4 - 8) hours.

تحضير وتشخيص بعض المعقدات التناسقية لصبغات الازو المشتقة من الباراسيتامول ومركبات السلفا ودراسة فعاليتها ضد البكتريا == Synthesis And Characterization Of Some Metal Complexes For Azo Dyes Derived From Paracetamole And Sulpha Compound And Study Of Their Antibacterial Activity

اسم المؤلف: رواء هشام يعقوب
اسم المشرف: طارق علي فهد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In this study, four ligands were synthesized from prepared by the coupling of 4 - acetamidophenol with some sulfa drugs (sulfadiazine Ld , sulfaguinidine, Lg ,sulfamethazine Lm and sulfapyredine Lp) with parasetamol .These ligands were characterized by elemental analysis, FT - IR. , UV - visible ,1H - NMR , 13C - NMR and mass spectroscopy. The chemical structure of these ligands are suggested as following : Lp={N - (4 - hydroxy - 3 - ((4 - (N - pyridin - 4 - ylsulfamoyl)phenyl)diazenyl)phenyl)acetamide} Ld=N - (4 - hydroxy - 3 - ((4 - (N - pyrimidin - 2 - )ylsulfamoyl)phenyl)diazenyl)phenyl)acetamide) Lg=N - (3 - ((4 - (N - carbamimidoylsulfamoyl)phenyl)diazenyl) - 4 - hydroxyphenyl)acetamideLm={N - (3 - ((4 - (N - (4,6 - dimethylpyrimidin - 2 - yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)diazenyl) - 4 - hydroxyphenyl)acetamide} The ionization constant of the ligands were determined potentiometrically using the Irving - Rossotti technique at constant temperature 25 °C. The values of the average number of protons associated with the ligands nA at different pH values were calculated. The proton - ligand formation curves are obtained by plotting nA versus pH at constant temperature.Twelve complexes were prepared from above ligands with cobalt, nickel, and copper salts, with molar ratio 1 : 1 (M : L) . These complexes were identified by elemental analysis, FT - IR. spectra, Uv - visible spectra,atomic absorption,molar conductance and megnetice,susceptibility The results were lndicated that the found valaes of C,H,N for prepared complexes were clossed to their theoretical volues . IR Spectra showed that stretching vibration of azo group in the complexes were shifted in comparison with ligands inaddition to appearance of M - N and M - O stretching,UV - visible and magnetic studies gave in idea about geometry and coordination number of these complexes through location of electronic transition and number of unpaired electron in outer energy levels.Atomic absorption measurements explained that the reaction of the ligand with the metal complexes was 1 : 1 molar ratio ,also the perecentage of the metals in the prepared complexes was in good agreement with the theortical values.The molar conductance values of the coordination compounds of mentioned metal ions under investigation were determined using (1.0×10 - 3 mol. L - 1) DMF solvent, The molar conductance and magnetic values suggest the presence of a non - electrolyte.The magnetic moments of Ni(II), Cu(II), and Co(II), complexes were measured at room temperature .Based on the different characterization methods described above, the chemical structures of the prepared complexes were suggested as following.

دراسة الفولتامتري الحلقي والتخليق الكهروكيميائي والتوصيل الكهربائي لبعض مركبات التلوريوم العضوية == CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY, ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND CONDUCTEMETRIC STUDIES OF SOME ORGANOTELLURIUM COMPOUNDS

اسم المؤلف: ديار محمد علي مراد
اسم المشرف: علي زايد الربيعي | انيس عبد الوهاب النجار
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت هذه الدراسة على جزئين ، فالجزء الاول يتعلق بدراسة السلوك الكهروكيميائي لمركبات ثنائي فنيل ثنائي التلوريد وبس(2 - امينو - 5 - مثيل فنيل ) ثنائي التلوريد وبس(2 - امينو - 5 - بروموفنيل )ثنائي التلوريد باستعمال تقنية المسح الجهدي الحلقي في مذيب رباعي هيدروفيوران وفي درجة حرارة الغرفة .بينت النتائج المستحصلة ان تلك المركبات تعاني انتقالا الكترونيا مفردا خلال عمليتين متعاقبتين اثناء عملية الاختزال .و استعملت تلك التقنية لتحديد مناطق الجهد المناسبة تمهيدا لاجراء التخليق الكهروكيميائي للتلوريدات العضوية غير المتجانسة : اثيل فنيل تلوريد ((1 ، بروبيل فنيل تلوريد ((2 ، بيوتيل فنيل تلوريد ((3، اثيل ( - 2 امينو - 5 - مثيل فنيل) تلوريد (4) ، بروبيل( - 2 امينو - 5 - مثيل فنيل) تلوريد (5) ، بيوتيل ( - 2 امينو - 5 - مثيل فنيل) تلوريد (6)، اثيل( - 2 امينو - 5 - برومو فنيل) تلوريد ((7، بروبيل ( - 2 امينو - 5 - برومو فنيل) تلوريد (8)، بيوتيل ( - 2 امينو - 5 - برومو فنيل) تلوريد (9). شخصت هذه التلوريدات العضوية غير المتجانسة بواسطة تحليل العناصر الدقيق واطياف تحت الحمراء . اما الجزء الثاني فقد تضمن قياس التوصيلية الكهربائية للمركبات : فنيل التلوريوم ثلاثي اليوديد و4 - ميثوكسي فنيل التلوريوم ثلاثي اليوديد و4 - كلوروفنيل التلوريوم ثلاثي اليوديد وفنيل التلوريوم ثلاثي البروميد وفنيل التلوريوم ثلاثي الكلوريد في مذيبي DMSO وDMFالنقيين وعند درجة حرارة 25 مo . اجريت التحاليل المتعلقة بنتائج التوصيلية الكهربائية بطريقة تقنية التقليل للحد الادنى باستعمال اربع معادلات نظرية للتوصيلية وهي معادلات Fuoss - Hsia (فوس - سايا) و) Pitts بتس) الموسعة والمحورة . اوضحت النتائج التحليلية لتلك المركبات بانها لا تتصرف كالكتروليتات قوية في كلا المذيبين وان تفككها ليس بالتفكك التام ، كما لوحظ وجود تفاوت في قيم التوصيلية الكهربائية وفقا˝ لطبيعة المجموعة المعوضة كونها دافعة او ساحبة وكانت حسب الترتيب الاتي : ومن ناحية اخرى قورنت قيم توصيلية المركب فنيل التلوريوم ثلاثي اليوديد مع المركبين فنيل التلوريوم ثلاثي البروميد وفنيل التلوريوم ثلاثي الكلوريد اذ كانت قيم التوصيلية الكهربائية وفق نمط الترتيب الاتي | The present study divided into two sections, firstly , the electrochemical behavior of diphenyl ditelluride ,bis(2 - amino - 5 - methyl phenyl)ditelluride and bis(2 - amino - 5 - bromo phenyl)ditellurid have been investigated by cyclic voltammatry in THF at room temperature. The results showed that all these compounds suffer of two single successive electron transfer through the reduction process. This technique was used to determine the best voltage regions in order to carry out the electrochemical synthesis of unsymmetrical organic telluride, i.e : ethyl phenyl telluride (1), propyl phenyl telluride (2), butyl phenyl telluride (3), ethyl (2 - amino - 5 - methyl phenyl)telluride (4), propyl(2 - amino - 5 - methylphenyl)telluride(5), butyl (2 - amino - 5 - methylphenyl) (6),ethyl(2 - amino - 5 bromophenyl)telluride(7), propyl(2 - amino - 5 - bromo phenyl) telluride(8) and butyl(2 - amino - 5 - bromophenyl) telluride(9). All mentioned compounds were characterized by CHN and IRspectroscopy. secondly, the electrical conductances of phenyl tellurium triiodide , 4 - methoxy phenyltellurium triiodide , 4 - chloro phenyltellurium triiodide , phenyltellurium tribromide and phenyltellurium trichloride have been measured in both DMSO and DMF solvents at temperature 25oC .The evaluation of conductance data was carried out by minimization technique using the theoretical conductance equations of the complete and modified forms of Pitts and Fuoss - Hsia . Analytical results showed that these compounds do not behave as strong electrolytes in both solvents , and that their dissociation are far from complete . The low conductances of these electrolytes may be attributed to the formation of ion - pairs. The presence of donating or withdrawing groups on benzen ring affect the electrical conductivity and the following trend was obtained : Finally ,the sequence of increasing the conductaces of the three studied phenyltellurium trihalides is given below :

تحضير ودراسة بايلوجية لبعض مركبات البايرزول == Preparation and biological study of some pyrazole compounds

اسم المؤلف: خنساء صقر سعود
اسم المشرف: نزار لطيف شهاب الدين
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study includes the preparation of some pyrazolines derivatives includes their characterization and their biological activity.Chapter one the introduction shows the literature survey and related important reactions for pyrazolines .While chapter two shows the details of the preparation for each types in details 36 pyrazoline product were prepared from 6 types of (cha/cones) Benzalacetophenones and six different hydrazine ( hydrazinehydrate , phenylhydrazine, semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide 2,4 - dinitrophenylhydrazine and phenylthiosemocarbazide ).Chapter three shows all the results which proved the chemical structures of some selected compounds by using I.R, 1H - NMR, 13C - NMR, CHN, and mass. Spectroscopy we found abnormal case in pyrazoline derivatives especially in the ring once have - CH2 like in (P1and P10) and compounds (P8 and P13) does not have the methylene protons this exception was happened due to modification in procedure. Finally the biological activity for some selected compounds were used and compared with standard drugs and its shows moderately to good activity.

دراسة تحليلية وحرارية وحساب الثوابت الثرموداينميكية والفعالية البايولوجية لمعقدات قواعد شف جديدة لعناصرCo,Ni,Cu == Analytical study ,Thermodynamic and Biological Calculation for new Schiff base Complexes of ( Co,Ni,Cu )

اسم المؤلف: حسين ناصر حمادي
اسم المشرف: هناء حميد حداد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Synthesis of Schiff base during the condensation of salicylaldehyde with substituted aniline in ethanolic acid medium using glacial acidic acid are reported . Metal complexes of ( Cu , Ni , Co ) as hydrated acetate salts ,the dehydration of salts was carried out by drying the hydrate salts in oven for several hours at 100 - 110 C . Several spectral techniques such as UV - Visible , FTIR and CHN analysis were used to identify the chemical structures of the reported ligands and there complexes . Mole ratio and continuous variation showed that the (M : L) ( 1 : 2 ) ratio for all metal - complex . The antibacterial was investigated against two pathogenic bacteria namely  Aeromomas hydrophila ( - ) , Staphylococcus aureus (+) the result showed that both ligands and complexes are biologically active .Thermo gravimetric analysis ( TG ) for all complexes were also evaluated their thermal degradation studies using TG analytical methods , thermodynamic parameters ( ΔS , ΔH , ΔG ) were evaluated from TG curve using Vant Hoff method

تحضير وتشخيص بعض قواعد شف المتماثلة الجديدة ومعقداتها ودراسة بعض بوليمراتها دراسة تحليلية وحرارية == Synthesis , Characterization of some new Homologous Schiff base and its Complexes with Analytical and Thermal Study of some their Polymers

اسم المؤلف: حسنين رعد عبد الكريم
اسم المشرف: زكي ناصر السكيني | علي عبد الرزاق العطبي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: A novel bidentate schiff bases were prepared from the condensation of 1,4 - bis - (aminomethyl)cyclohexan with 2,4 - dihydroxy acetophenon and 2,4 - dihydroxy benzaldehyde.Metal complexes of Co (III) , Cu (II) and Ni (II) with Schiff base A , B and C were prepared.A , B and C Schiff bases and their metal complexes were characterized via UV - Visible, FTIR and NMR. The metal complexes are expected to be octahedral in geometry based on physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses. New resins PoA and PoB were prepared by mixing Schiff base A and C with MDI respectively , thermogravimetric analysis of resins proved a good thermal stability.The study of loading capacity of resins towards transition metals showed that the PoA and PoB had high selectivity toward lead and zinc respectively.

تحضير وتشخيص بعض معقدات الثايوسيانات الجسرية الحاوية على قواعد شف ودراسة فعاليتها البايولوجية == Preparation and Characterization of Some Bridged Thiocyanate Complexes Containing Schiff Base And Study of Their Biological Activity

اسم المؤلف: بشير جواد كاظم
اسم المشرف: مؤيد يوسف كاظم العبادي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In this study five ligands were prepared from condensation two amines (4 - methyl benzene - 1,2 - diamine and ortho phenylen diamine ) with two aldehydes( 4 - isopropyl benzaldehyde and 4 - diethyl amino benzaldehyde.These ligands were identified by elemental analysis, FT - IR , UV - visible, 1HNMR , 13CNMR and mass spectroscopy. The proposed chemical structure of these ligands are suggested as following : Binuclear tetrathiocyanates complexes [MM'(SCN)4 ; M=Co,Ni,Cd : M'=Cd,Hg] were first prepared by the reaction of metal nitrates with potassium thiocyanate and then solutions from two formed metal thiocyanates were mixed in 1 : 1 molar ratio.Fifteen bridged thiocyanate complexes were prepared from the reaction of Schiff base ligands with binuclear tetrathiocyanate complexes in 1 : 1 molar ratio . These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT - IR , UV - visible ,mass spectroscopy ,atomic absorption ,thermogravimetric analysis, molar conductance and magnetic susceptibilities. The results were indicated that the found percentage of C ,H and N for the prepared complexes were closed to their theoretical values . Also IR spectra showed that stretching vibration of azomethine group in the complexes was shifted in comparison with ligands in addition to appearance of bands belong to bridged and terminal thiocyanates indicating the bonding of ligands with metals. Mass spectroscopy also proved the structure of complexes by displaying peaks of molecular ion and some basic fragments. UV - Visible and magnetic studies gave an idea about geometry and coordination number of these complexes through location of electronic transition and number of unpaired electrons in outer energy levels .Atomic absorption measurements explained that the reaction of th e ligand with the metal complexes was 1 : 1 molar ratio , also the percentage of the metals in the prepared complexes was in good agreement with the theoretical values . It was found that the molar conductance values of the complexes were low indicating that all prepared complexes have non electrolytic properties . Farthermore , some prepared complexes had a good thermal stability depending on some thermal parameters calculated bythermogravimetric carves .In addition , the biological activity of the prepared ligands and theircomplexes were studied by using two types of bacteria (S.aureus , E.coli)and fungi (A.niger , A.ftavus) . It was found that all compounds havesignificant antimicrobial activity . Cytotoxicity of these compounds wasevaluated . These compounds have not toxicity on the red blood cells in comparison with standard compounds such as sodium cyanide .The proposed chemical structures of the prepared complexes were suggested as following : AC1 AC2

تحضير وتشخيص وقياس الفعالية الحيوية لبعض معقدات البلاتين الثنائي مع كلايكوسيد الاميغدالين المعزولة من بذور ثمار المشمش (prunus armenivcal)

اسم المؤلف: حلا صبري نجم عبد الله
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The abstract of the present work for the synthesis of the new heterocyclic phenolic 1,3,4 - oxadiazole and their chelating polymers is outlined below : Part One : Organic Synthesis.1) Conversion of hydroxy benzoic acid derivatives to their corresponding esters (4 - 9) using standard procedure (Fiesher esterfication). 2) Reaction of hydroxyl benzoate derivatives (4 - 9) with hydrazine hydrate afforded the corresponding acid hydrazides (13 - 15). 3) The reaction of acid hydrazide derivatives (13 - 15) with carbon disulfide in the presence of alcoholic (KOH) yielded their corresponding 5 - (substituted) - phenyl - 2 - mercapto - 1,3,4 - oxadiazoles (19 - 21). 4) 2 - (methyl/butyl thio) - 5 - (substituted) - phenyl - 1,3,4 - oxadiazoles (24 - 27) were synthesized by alkylation reaction in basic media of oxadiazoles with methyl iodide and n - butyl bromide respectively. 5) The acid hydrazides (13 - 15) were treated with carbon disulfide and alcoholic (KOH) to form their corresponding polar salts, namely potassium - 3 - aroyl dithio carbazinate derivatives (16 - 18). 6) The dehydration cyclization reaction of the above polar salts (16 - 18) using hydrazine hydrate afforded the corresponding 5 - (substituted) - phenyl - 4 - amino - 2 - mercapto - 1,2,4 - triazoles (22, 23). 7) Eight new chelating polymers (28 - 35) have been synthesized by the condensation of phenolic oxadiazoles (19 - 20) and phenol or disubstituted hydroxyl phenol (hydroquinone, resorcinol, and catechol) with formaldehyde in (1 : 1) molar ratio in the presence of (KOH) as a catalyst. The structures of the prepared organic and polymeric compounds that have been synthesized were established by physical (melting points, color), elemental analysis (C.H.N, S), FT - IR, H1 - NMR, C13 - NMR and the results obtained are compatible with assigned structures. Part Two : Analytical Study. The chelation ability of these eight polymers were studied for Ag+, Al3+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ ions using batch equilibrium method using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (F.A.A.S). The different factors affecting loading capacities for the studied ions such as type of polymers, pH and treatment time were studied and the results obtained from figures (4 - 1) to (4 - 104) listed in chapter five shows that the loading capacity in (mg ion / g resin) increased with : 1) Increasing the pH value of the studied ion solution.2) Increasing the treatment time. Thermal stability of the eight synthesized polymers (28 - 35) were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), they showed good thermal stability, these results are discussed in relation with the presence of 1,3,4 - oxadiazole ring in the side group of the prepared networks

تحضير وتشخيص بعض المواد المنشطة للسطوح التوامية ودراسة تطبيقاتها كمواد مشتتة وكاسرة للاستحلاب لمعالجة المستحلبات النفطية == Synthesis and Characterization some of the Gemini Surfactants and study its applications as dispersants and De - Emulsifier to Treatment for Oil Emulsions

اسم المؤلف: احمد مجيد زيدان
اسم المشرف: مهند جواد كاظم الاسدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In this investigation, six Nonionic Gemini surfactants were prepared A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2 from Epichlorohydrin. Then these compounds were identified by FT - IR, Mass spectrometry, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. It was found that Nonionic Gemini surfactants with hydroxyl groups which consist of two conventional surfactants joined by different spacers, as shown in the following table.The prepared surfactants were evaluated by determination CMC and HLB values.Five de - emulsifiers were prepared (dA1,dA2,dA3,dA4, dB1) in different concentrations (10, 30, 40, 50) ppm for each compound. After that the prepared de - emulsifiers were compared with the efficiency of the commercial demulsifier (RP6000) with two types of wet crude oil (15 % H2O) that have different asphaltene content were used for the treatment which were sampled from south oil company fields (Zubair, West Qurna). Therefore the separation efficiency in all types of crude oil was found in the following order : dA2 > dA3 > dB1 > dA4 < dA1The present study also included using of A1and B1 as dispersion through dissolution of the prepared surfactants by polar solvent (Ethylene glycol), which decreases the viscosity and increases the surface area to spread of dispersive

تحضير ودراسة الفعالية الحيوية لمعقدات الامينية ثنائية السن مع ايونات ا لبلاتين (III) والروديوم (II) والبلاديوم == Synthesis , Characterization and Biological Activity Study of Some New Compound Containing Amine and Azomethine Group and Their Complexation Reaction with Platinum(II) , Palladium (II) and Rhodium(III)

اسم المؤلف: احمد ليث عبد الحليم
اسم المشرف: عادل علي عبد الحسن | بشرى كامل جدوع
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study included the preparation and the diagnosis and study the biological activity of some new organic compounds containing amine and azomethine groups and complexes ions with platinum(II) and palladium (II) and rhodium (III) ions.This thesis is divided into four chapters. In the first chapter, a general introduction for platinum metals group and of their complexes including : amine and Schiff base ligands have been literately reviewed. The concerned complexes have related to drugs potentially are anticancer active, therefore, this chapter summarized the important roles between the structure and activity for potentially active anticancer drugs which containing platinum metal complexes .The second chapter of this thesis shows the preparative methods of two types of ligands. The first type ligands concerned preparation method of two newly bidentate amine ligands namely : N - (3 - phenylpropyl)ethane - 1,2 - diamine (1) and N,N' - bis(3 - phenylpropyl) ethane - 1,2 - diamine (2) by reaction of ethylene diamine with 3 - phenypropyl bromide in 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 mole ratio, respectively. The second type ligands concerned preparative methods of six newly Schiff base ligands by reacting of o - phenylenediamine with 2 - furyldehyde, ferrocenecarboxaldehyde and acetylferrocene in the mole ratio 1 : 1 and 1 : 2respectively namely : N - 2 - furylidinebenzene - 1,2 - diamine (3)N,N' - bis(furylidine)benzene - 1,2 - diamine(4)N - ferrocenidenebenzene - 1,2 - diamine (5)N,N' - bis(ferrocenidene)benzene - 1,2 - diamine (6) N - 1 - ferrocenylethylidenebenzene - 1,2 - diamin (7) N,N' - bis(1 - ferrocenylethylidene)benzene - 1,2 - diamine (8) o , this chapter describes the synthesis of a new twenty four complexes ofPt(II), Pd(II) and Rh(III) ions with ligands (1 - 8) . The third chapter includes the results and discussion. All the prepared compounds 1 - 32 were characterized by elemental analysis CHN, Conductivity measurements , 1H - NMR ,FT - IR and UV - Visible spectroscopic techniques. All the prepared compounds 1 - 32 are in good agreement with the suggested structure. These data confirmed that the prepared ligands 1 - 8 coordinate with Pt(II),Pd(II) and Rh(III) ions by nitrogen atoms of amino and azomethine groups as a bidentate ligands. The molar conductivity study indicate that platinum(II) and palladium (II) complexes are neutral and behave as non - electrolytes in DMSO solvent at room temperature while rhodium (III) complexes behaves as 1 : 1 electrolytes in the same conditions.Antibacterial activity of all the prepared compounds 1 - 32 beside their interaction with human DNA are shown in the fourth chapter of this thesis. The antibacterial activity of compounds 1 - 32 against two types of bacterial : the first negative towards Gram stain (i.e. Escherichia coli) and against positive towards Gram stain (i.e. Staphylococcus aureus) were tested. These data proved that only compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 20, 29 and 32 have antibacterial activity for growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus whereas only 1, 2, 4, 21 and 29 have antibacterial activity for Escherichia coli. On the other hand, DNA interaction study of complexes 9 - 32 with human DNA showed that all these complexes are binding with DNA which is enhances the probability of usingthese complexes as drug alternatives.

تحضير وتشخيص ودراسة الفعالية البايولوجية لبعض مشتقات الثايزولدين == Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity Study of Some Thiazolidine Derivativ

اسم المؤلف: احمد عبد الهادي مجيد الكيمي
اسم المشرف: داود سالم عبد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الثايزولدين - 4 - حامض الكاربوكسيلي هو عبارة عن حامض اميني كبريتي حلقي, مشابه في تركيبه الى الحامض الاميني البرولين, وينتج من تكاثف السيستاين مع الفورمالديهايد . تمتلك مشتقات الثايزولدين والاستايل ثايزولدين فعالية بايولوجية , وتستخدم في التطبيقات السريرية . تضمنت الدراسة تحضير وتشخيص مركبات جديدة للثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيلك امايد, وتقييم فعاليتها البايولوجية , اذ تم تحضير المركب (T) من تفاعل الترفثالهايد مع السيستاين, ومن ثم مفاعلة مع انهدريد الخليك لتحضير المركب (AT) والذي يمثل تفاعل حماية لمجموعة الامين, بعدها تمت مفاعلة ((AT مع بعض الامينات الاروماتية للحصول على مركبات الثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيلك امايد والجدول ادناه يوضح الصيغ التركيبية للمركبات المحضرة .التسلسل المختصر التركيب الكيميائي الاسم العلمي 1 T 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) ثنائي ثايزولدين - 4 - حامض كاربوكسيلي2 AT 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل) ثايزولدين - 4 - حامض كاربوكسيلي)3 ATA1 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - (4 - كلوروفينيل) ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)4 ATA2 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - p - تلويل ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)5 ATA3 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - (6 - ايثوكسي بينزو[d] ثايزول - 2 - يل) ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)6 ATA4 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - m - تلويل ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)7 ATA5 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - (4 - بروموفينيل) ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)8 ATA6 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - (2 - ميثوكسي فينيل) ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)9 ATA7 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - (4,2 - ثنائي برومو فينيل) ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)10 ATA8 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - (4 - ميثل - - 3نايتروفينيل) ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)11 ATA9 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - (3 - نايتروفينيل) ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)12 ATA10 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - (4 - نايتروفينيل) ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)13 ATA11 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - (2 - نايترو فينيل) ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)14 ATA12 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - o - تلويل ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد) اظهرت جميع المركبات المحضرة نواتج بحصيلة جيدة , شخصت المركبات المحضرة بواسطة تقنية تحت الحمراء اذ تميز المركبان ((T و(AT) بظهور حزمة قويه عند 3400 - 3550 cm - 1 تعزى لمجموعة OH الحامض الكاربوكسيلي , اما مركبات الامايد ثايزولدين فانها قد تميزت باختفاء الحزمة العائدة للحامض الكاربوكسيلي وظهور حزمة عند3100 - 3350cm - 1 تعزى لمجموعة NH الامايد . كما استخدمت مطيافية الرنين النووي المغناطيسي البروتوني 1HNMR لتشخيص المركبات باستخدام ال DMSO - d6 كمذيب حيث اثبتت التكاملات ومواقع الاشارات صحة المركبات المحضرة , اذ تميز المركب AT بظهور اشارة عند 13.03ppm تعزى لبروتون الحامض الكاربوكسيلي فضلا عن ظهور الايزومرات الفراغية الناتجة من الذرات الكيرالية للثايزولدين , كما تميزت مركبات الامايد ثايزولدين بظهور اشارة عند مدى 8.5 - 12.6ppm تعزى لبروتون NH الامايدية واختفاء اشارة بروتون الحامض الكاربوكسيلي . كما استخدمت مطيافية الرنين النووي المغناطيسي الكاربوني 13CNMR اذ اثبتت مواقع الاشارات صحة المركبات المحضرة . اضافة الى تقنية طيف الكتلة (Mass spectra) التي استخدمت في تشخيص المركبات حيث تميزت جميع الاطياف بظهور ذروات عند الايون الجزيئي لكل مركب. كما درست الفعالية البايولوجية للمركبات المحضرة كمضادات بكتيرية اضافة الى اختبار سميتها, اذ اظهر المركب ATA7 فعالية بايولوجية اعلى اتجاه بكتريا E.Coli وبقطر تثبيط 37ملم مقارنه بالمركبات الاخرى . | Thiazolidine - 4 - carboxylic acid is a cyclic sulfur amino acid , analogous in its structure to proline. It is formed by condensation of cysteine and formaldehyde. Thiazolidine and N - acetyl derivative were reported to possess biological activity and tested for clinical use. This study included preparation and characterization of new compounds of thiazolidine - 4 - carboxylic amide then evaluation of their biological activity, As it was in this study the preparation of compound (T) which were prepared from the reaction of Terphthaldehyde with cysteine, the compound (T) which reacts with acetic anhydride to the preparation of compound (AT) to protect amine a amine group , then reacts compound (AT) with some aromatic amines to obtaine compounds thiazolidine - 4 - carboxylic amide. The table below shows the structure of the prepared compounds. Nomenclature Structure Symbol Comp. No 2,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)dithiazolidine - 4 - carboxylic acid T 1 2,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(N - acetylthiazolidine - 4 - carboxylic acid) AT 2 2,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - (4 - chlorophenyl) thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA1 32,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - p - tolyl thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA2 42,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - (6 - ethoxybenzo[d ] thiazol - 2 - yl) thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA3 52,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - m - tolyl thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA4 62,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - (4 - Bromophenyl) thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA5 72,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - (2 - methoxyphenyl) thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA6 82,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - (1,4 - dibromophenyl) thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA7 92,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - (4 - methyl - 3 - nitro phenyl) thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA8 102,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - (3 - nitrophenyl) thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA9 112,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - (4 - nitrophenyl) thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA10 122,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - (2 - nitrophenyl) thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA11 132,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - o - tolyl thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA12 14 All the synthesized compounds were good yields . The prepared compounds were identified by FT - IR Spectroscopy as distinguish two compounds (T)and(AT) were characterized by the appearance of strong peak at 3400 - 3500 cm - 1 which attributed to (OH) group for carboxylic acid , on other hand compounds were characterized by the disappearance of peak which attributed to (OH) for carboxylic acid and the emergence peak at 3100 - 3350cm - 1 which attributed to (NH) group for amide. Also we used Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the proton (1HNMR) to identify the compounds by using DMSO - d6 as solvent, as it has proved integration and sites signals the accuracy of the proposed , as distinguish compound (AT) was characterized by the emergence of signal at 13.03 ppm which attributed to the proton of carboxylic acid, as characterized compounds amide thiazolidine the emergence signal when the extent of 8.5 - 12.6ppm which attributed to the proton NH amide and the disappearance of a signal proton carboxylic acid . Also we used Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of carbon (13CNMR) where proven sites signals the health of compounds prepared . In addition, the mass spectrometry technique (MS) was used in the diagnosis of the compound, where all spectra characterized by the appearance of peaks at the molecular ion for each compound. Also , the biological activity of the prepared compounds as antibacterial agents as well as drag toxicity. The ATA7 compound show high activity against E.Coli convoy frustration (37mm) comparison other compounds

تحضير ودراسة التوصيل الكهربائي لبعض املاح الاديبات في محاليلها المائية بدرجات حرارة مختلفة وحساب دوالها الداينميكية الحرارية القياسية اضافة الى اختبارها كمثبتات حرارية لمادة بولي فنايل كلورايد == Synthesis and The Audio Frequency Conductance and thermodynamic studies of Some Metal Adipat salts in Aqueous Medium at Different Temperatures and Use All Salts As Thermal Stabilizers to The PVC

اسم المؤلف: احمد سالم شنتة السدخان
اسم المشرف: انيس عبد الوهاب النجار | زكي ناصر السكيني
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: جرى قياس ودراسة التوصيلات الكهربائية عند الترددات الواطئة للمحاليل المائية من املاح الاديبات المحضرة بطريقتين : احداهما كيميائية لايونات المغنسيوم والباريوم والكوبلت والنحاس والنيكل والزنك (الخارصين) , والاخرى (ولاول مرة) كهربائية لخمسة منها عند درجات حرارية مختلفة ضمن المدى من 298.15 K وحتى 313.15 K باستعمال جهاز قياس التوصيلية (Conductivity meter) . اجريت التحاليل المتعلقة بنتائج التوصيـــــــلية الكهربائية بطريقة تقنية التقلــــــــيل للحد الادنى (Minimization) باستعمال اربع مــــــــــعادلات نظرية للتوصـــــــيلية وهي مـــــــــعادلات (Fuoss - Hsia وPitts) الموسعة والمحددة . اوضحت النتائج التحليلية للاملاح المستعملة انها جميعا لا تتصرف كالكتروليتات "قوية" وان تفككها ليس بالتفكك التام . كما بينت تلك النتائج ان التوصيلية الكهربائية المنخفضة غير الاعتيادية لتلك الالكتروليتات لا تعزى الى وجود الجزيئات المتعادلة كهربائيا ولكن تعزى الى تكوين مزدوجات الايونات (Ion - Pairs) . كما جرى حساب قيم حاصل فالدن فضلا عن استحصال قيم الدوال الديناميكية الحرارية القياسية (∆H˚ و∆S˚ و∆G˚) لعملية التجمع الايوني عند مختلف درجات الحرارة المشار لها اعلاه بوساطة اعتماد كل من ˳Λ وKA على درجة الحرارة . واخيرا جرى تدوين ومناقشة جميع النتائج المستحصلة . اختبرت الثباتية الحرارية لمادة PVC باستعمال جميع الاملاح واعطت نتائج ايجابيه بهذا الصدد ،اذ مزجت مع PVC بنسب وتم قياس TGA للمزيج . | The audio electrical conductances of aqueous solutions of magnesium, barium , cobalt , copper , nickel and zinc adipate have been measured at various temperatures in the range of 298.15 K to 313.15 K , using an audio frequency conductance bridge. These salts were prepared by two methods chemically and, for the first time, electrochemically method. The evaluation of conductance data was carried out by minimization technique using theoretical conductance equations of the complete and modified forms of Pitts and Fuoss - Hsia. Quantitative results showed that these salts do not behave as ''strong'' electrolytes , and that their dissociations are far from complete . The abnormally low conductances of these electrolytes are not due to the presence of electrically neutral molecules but to the ion - pair formation. The Walden product values, as well as the standard thermodynamic functions (∆H˚ , ∆G˚ , ∆S˚ ) for the association reactions for the four temperatures studied, have been evaluated from the temperature dependent of Λ˳ and KA respectively. All the obtained quantities were reported and discussed . Thermal stability of PVC was studied by using magnesium, barium , cobalt , copper , nickel and zinc adipate as stabilizers

دراسة مستويات بعض مضادات الاكسدة غير الانزيمية وعنصري الحديد والنحاس في مصل دم مرض اضطرابات الغدة الدرقية في محافظة ميسان - العراق

اسم المؤلف: مهدي عودة محمد الساعدي
اسم المشرف: ساهرة غريب صياح
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: the current study was designed to measure some Biochemical function in serum of patients with disorder of the thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism ), which can help in the early detection and follow - up of the malfunction of the thyroid gland.Specimens collected from 124 patients with malfunction of the thyroid gland Specimens were classified accord is to the type of disease ( an overactive thyroid gland = 62 , hypothyroidism = 62) and 62 blood samples in were collected from healthy non - infected persons (control group).The study included measuring automatically the levels of thyroid hormones, (FT4, FT3) and (TSH) in the serum using a Mini - VIDAS . The levels of vitamins (E, C) and beta - carotene , and uric acid were measured , also the levels of some trace elements (iron , copper) ,were measured in the serum three above groups.The results showed the following - :  The results of the present study ,the highest percentage of patients with hypothyroidism were indicated that females and the of malfunction of the thyroid gland is occurred at the third and fourth decade of life. The impact of the genetic factor in patients with excessive secretion of the thyroid gland were higher than in patients with deficient secretion of the thyroid gland. A significant increase in the level of the hormone tri - iodothyronin (FT3) and the level of the hormone tetra - iodothyronin (FT4) and a significant decrease in the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in patients with excessive thyroid gland secretion compared to the control group. A significant decrease in the level of hormones (FT3), (FT4) and a significant increase in the level of the hormone (TSH) in patients with hypothyroidism compared to the control group.  Generally, there was a significant decrease in the level of vitamins C,E in the sera of patients with malfunction of thyroid compared to the control group. A significant increase in the level of uric acid in patients with excessive thyroid activity and a significant decrease in patients with thyroid failure compared to the control group.  A Significant decrease in the level of beta - carotene in patients with an overactive thyroid , and a significant increase in the level of beta - carotene in patients with hypothyroidism compared to the control group. A Significant decrease in the level of iron in the sera of patients with malfunction compared to the control group. A significant increase in the level of copper in patients with excessive thyroid activity and a significant decrease in patients with thyroid failure compared to the control group.

المصلحة في عقد التامين البحري : دراسة مقارنة == Interest in the Marine Insurance Contract A Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: ديار حطاب قاسم
اسم المشرف: علي عبد العالي خشان الاسدي
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون التجاري
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

الحماية المؤقتة للعلامة التجارية : دارسة مقارنة == The Temporary protection for trademark A comparative study

اسم المؤلف: بان علاء عمر محمد
اسم المشرف: حسين عبد القادر معروف
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون التجاري
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Temporary trademark protection is intended to preserve the right to a trademark when by it is concerned with the protection of trademark ownership when Paired with a certain period of time, which varies according to the circumstances in which such protection is legislated, or that may protect the trademark from any imminent attack Or maintained evidence from abuse or aggression when it's occurs, when it takes the form of procedure taken quickly. The importance of the research is that it discusses one of the subjects of intellectual right, which is a trademark that is especially important because of the diversity of these marks that distinguish products and services and gain specialty distinguish them from others, as the attack on the right of the trademark is of a special nature, As entail the damage is not limited to the owner's profits and sales, but may damage the value of the trademark and its moral reputation. The temporary protection of the trademark has it's own Provisions. It has not been directly covered by legislation. The Iraqi legislator has dealt with the provisions of temporary protection sporadically between the texts, making it difficult for us to establish a specific framework for such protection or to adopt a clear idea of it. The problem of research is to clarify the situation of Iraqi law on the establishment of this type of protection and it's domain in object and procedure, and the extent to which this protection coincides with developments at the legislative level in the developed countries that adopted this type of protection, And we will try to answer all these questions in the folds of this research. In the research methodology we will use the comparative analytical method. We will divide the research into two chapters, the first chapter of which isSummary…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..bspecified to the study of the definition of temporary protection of the trademark. We divided it into two topics : The conception of temporary protection for the trademark (first topic)' types and conditions of temporary protections (second topic).The second chapter is specified to temporary protections means for the trademark which divided them into two topics, temporary substantive protections means of the trademark (first topic), temporary procedural protections means of the trademark (second topic). One of our most important findings and recommendations is that temporary trademark protection seeks to preserve the right to a trademark when it is concerned with the protection of trademark ownership when coupled with a certain period of time, which varies depending on the circumstances in which such protection is initiated, On the brand of any imminent attack or keep evidence of aggression when it occurs, when it takes the form of actions taken in a hurry. We recommend that the Iraqi legislator in the Law on Trademarks designate a temporary protection section for the trademark that includes the text of the forms, terms and means of such protection

الدفع بوجود اتفاق التحكيم : دراسة مقارنة

اسم المؤلف: انوار محمد هادي
اسم المشرف: منقذ عبد الرضا علي الفزدان
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: قانون المرافعات المدنية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Arbitration is a specific system of litigation under which two or more parties agree to settle their civil, commercial and executive disputes outside of court. Such an agreement has two main aspects; positive and negative. In the first, parties agree to settle their disputes by using arbitration, while in the second; the agreed parties shall not resort to ordinary courts for dispute settlement. Consequently, all conflicting parties and court shall adhere to such an agreement. For example, if either party violates this agreement and resorts to legal proceedings, the court shall reject his claim after having ascertained of a correct arbitration resolution attaining all requirements; yet the court does not refrain from looking the case freely. The beneficial party shall adhere to this arbitration agreement through defence called defence by arbitration agreement, as a technical method of taking effect the obligatory positive aspect agreed upon by laws, which recognize the system of arbitration, but it did not determine a precise concept of this kind of defence; however, this is not considered a deficiency in legalization because minutes and definitions are not set forth therein in the content of the law. It is a deficiency on the party of jurisprudence, which has not determined a certain concept of this defence. It is thought that it is attributable to the difference over the nature of this defence, which is not only limited to the jurisprudence, law but also to and jurisdiction. Laws in comparison differentiate about the nature of traditional defences provided in procedural laws and considering it a certain defence. Defence with arbitration resolution is considered an application of estoppels, which means in jurisprudence prevention of contradictions in acts and sayings. So, either party violating an arbitration agreement, shall be forbidden to take any measure that does

الحماية الجنائية لسلامة الملاحة البحرية للسفن : دراسة مقارنة == Criminal Protection For the safety of maritime navigation of ships

اسم المؤلف: رنا عبد الرحيم مردان
اسم المشرف: محمد علي عبد الرضا عفلوك السلمان
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدولي الجنائي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Pat terrorism widespread phenomenon knew no boundaries can limit its scope, the transmission of the scourge of the land to the sea, to threaten the interests of the countries through compromise its security and safety as well as the threat of maritime trade, since compromising the integrity of the safe navigation of ships while sailing became obsessed with fear and anxiety threatens international trade in which the maritime constitute the bulk of national income economies, prompting the international community to stalking to suppress this phenomenon, the criminalization of all illegal acts that affect the safety of maritime navigation of ships planned serious criminal sanctions through legal provisions into national legislation That Iraq is one of those countries that keen on navigation safety of ships maritime terrorist acts threatened her, one of the parties was to ratify the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful threatened the Safety of Maritime Navigation of 1988, but the problem is sometimes that Iraq, despite its accession to the International Convention of the Organization of navigation marine (IMO), but he did not issue any special legal legislation the safety of maritime navigation after the ratification of the Convention for the criminalization of terrorist acts contained in the Convention and ratified by Iraq, and at other times we find that Iraq has so far lacked a maritime law regulating the rules and provisions of maritime navigation and everything related exploitation sea, in addition to the cancellation of the Iraqi government in the final phase of the days of the US occupation of a number of laws relating to maritime navigation as a law Maritime Authority, as well as inadequate prescribed nationally in pass criminal protection of the safety of maritime navigation of ships and integrated level required by the international Organization for the safety of Maritime navigation criminal legislation . In front of this importance was the motive in choosing the subject of criminal protection for the safety of maritime vessels and its search navigation following the curriculum induction and analysis of the legal texts with the help of the cited legal texts of other nations, and to find out the criminal protection of the safety of maritime ships navigation details will divide my research in accordance with the structure based on three chapters, the first of the concept the safety of maritime navigation of ships, which includes the first two sections allocated first to introduce the safety of maritime navigation of ships, The second was the legal framework for criminal protection of the safety of maritime ships navigation, and dealt with in the second chapter of criminal protection for the safety of maritime navigation of ships, divided separation models for the two sections is also the first annexation of offenses against the safety of the ship and marine facilities, while the second section was for crimes urgent safety of people and protecting the marine environment. The third chapter annexation of the legal implications for offenses against the safety of maritime navigation of ships, divided the class into two sections, the first dealt with the criminal responsibility for offenses against the safety of maritime ships navigation, while the second section has reviewed the international responsibility for offenses against the safety of maritime navigation and the sanctions resulting from it, then followed the conclusion I have reviewed them what our findings and recommendations on the subject of the study

ضمانات محاكمـة المتهم فـي القضاء العسكري العراقي : دراسة مقارنة == Guarantees of the Hearing of the Accutane in the Iraqi A Military Judiciary A Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: قاسـم ناظـم سلمان الجنابـي
اسم المشرف: عماد فاضل ركاب المالكي
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2018
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اصبحت المحافظة على حق الانسان في حماية قانونية لحقوقه اثناء المحاكمة من اهم المبادئ التي تشغل المجتمع الدولي والداخلي, الا ان هذا الحق يحتاج الى وسيلة لفاعليته خصوصا في النظام العسكري, من هنا يظهر موضوع ضمانات محاكمة المتهم في مرحلة المحاكمة الجزائية, اذ تتجلى اهمية تلك الضمانات في ان الاطار العام يقتضي المساس بحقوق المتهم وحرياته من خلال المحاكمة الجنائية, مما قد يعرضه لمخاطر التجريم والعقاب ثم ما يصيبه من اجراءات تنفيذ ذلك العقاب, ومتى ما تم مراعاتها يمكن تفادي تلك المخاطر او التقليل منها على اقل تقدير, لذلك لجات الدول الى تبني قضاء خاص بها واسند اليه مهمة النظر في القضايا المتعلقة بالقوات المسلحة وافرادها, او قد تمتد في حالات استثنائية معينة الى المدنيين, حيث يقوم القانون الاجرائي العسكري بتنظيم هذه النوع من القضاء, وبيان اجراءات التقاضي امامه مراعيا في كل ذلك تحقيق التوازن بين مصلحتين, مصلحة القوات المسلحة عموما التي وجد لحمايتها بما تتضمنه من المحافظة على الاسرار العسكرية, وسرعة تنفيذ الاوامر من جهة, والحفاظ على القدر اللازم من الضمانات التي يجب ان يتمتع بها المتهم امامه من جهة اخرى.وتطبيقا لما تقدم جاء الدستور العراقي لسنة 2005 في المادة (99) منه بان( ينظم بقانون, القضاء العسكري, ويحدد اختصاص المحاكم العسكرية التي تقتصر على الجرائم ذات الطابع العسكري, والتي تقع من افراد القوات المسلحة وقوى الامن...) وقد ارتئينا ان نسلط الضوء على موضوع ضمانات محاكمة المتهم في القضاء العسكري العراقي من خلال تقسيمه الى ثلاثة فصول, حيث تناولنا في الفصل الاول التعريف بالمتهم في القضاء العسكري, اما الفصل الثاني فقد عني بضمانات المتهم العامة في القضاء العسكري, وفي الفصل الثالث تطرقنا الى ضمانات المتهم الخاصة في القضاء العسكري, وانتهينا بخاتمة تتضمن اهم ما توصلنا اليه من نتائج ومقترحات. | The Juridical Fiqh and bodies concerned with human rights, whether nationally or globally, have paid much attention to guarantees of the accused during the criminal court. This matter has received a huge amount of attention of those who call for human rights, as it maintains dignity and humanity of an individual. The significance of guarantees lies in the fact that the general framework allows prejudicing the accusant's rights and freedom by a criminal hearing. The accused could be vulnerable to risks of conviction and punishment and consequences of executing this punishment. Therefore, States have resorted to adopting their own jurisdiction, which is responsible for considering cases related to the armed forces and their personnel, or may extend, in certain exceptional cases, to civilians, where the military procedural law regulates this type of judiciary. Also, this jurisdiction works on disclosing litigation procedures taking into accounts achieving balance between two interests : the interest of the armed forces, which is generally found to protect it, including the preservation of military secrets, the rapid execution of orders on the one hand, and the preservation of the necessary guarantees that the accused must enjoy, on the other hand. In accordance with the above - mentioned, the Iraqi Constitution of 2005 states in Article (99) that " The martial justice shall be regulated by law, and should determine the jurisdiction of military courts whose function is limited to crimes of a military nature, committed by the personnel of the armed forces and the security forces." The researcher has decided to highlight the subject of " Guarantees of the Hearing of the Accused in the Iraqi Martial Justice" through partitioning it into two chapters, preceded by an introduction. The first chapter has dealt with the general guarantees of the accused in the military judiciary. In the second chapter, the special guarantees of the accusant in the military judiciary have been discussed. The stud has closed up with a conclusion containing important findings and proposals.

حماية الحقوق الثقافية للاقليات في القانون الدولي العام == Protection of Cultural Rights of Minorities in the Public International LaW

اسم المؤلف: علي عدنان عبد الحكيم
اسم المشرف: علي جبار كريدي القاضي
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدولي الانساني
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: he religious, linguistic, nationalist and ethnic variations are agreed upon and real, and such variations exist in most groups. In most countries around the world, there are human groups having its own characteristics which are different from the dominant majority. Most groups are trying to prove its existence and differentiation through its cultural heritage .As the cultural rights for the people of minorities of language, religion and education are responsible for keeping their distinctiveness from other members of community, hence such cultural rights are necessary to protect the existence of minorities as a distinguished group having its own culture. There is a possibility that such minorities practice other civil, political, economic and social rights, therefore the problem of minorities is considered common for most countries around the world, and this problem is renewable and subject to different variables.This problem once was addressed in accordance with internal laws, however, nowadays this problem is considered one of the issues that concern the international community because of its impact on states stability internally and externally. People of minorities enjoy all human rights stipulated by international conventions and treaties related to human rights as well as enjoying their own rights helping them maintain their own characteristics. And this is what some states included in their constitutions and internal laws.For the importance of human rights in general and minorities' rights in particular, there are many international mechanisms and means to protect these rights and practice international control which urges respect of such rights.Thus, the respect for cultural diversity and the granting of minorities their rights, stipulated in the international law including cultural rights of would help maintain the stability of states, and ensure that international peace and security are not exposed to jeopardy. Enjoying minorities these rights is an evidence that the state is on the right track,maintaining majority and minority's rights indiscriminately alike
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