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دراسة الاطلاق المسيطر عليه لعقار الاندوميثاسين من مركبات الاباتيت المحضرة المحتوية على عنصري الكالسيوم والسترونتيوم == Studying Of The Controlled Relaesinng of Indomethacin Drug From Prepared Apatite Compounds Containing Elemantal Calcium And Strontium

Author name: رؤى حسين ناصر

Supervisor name: عبد الامير حسين تعوبي | زكي ناصر كاظم

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: This work contains two parts, the first parts includes the preparation of different compounds of apatite and determine the ratios of strontium and calcium and phosphate in the compounds and the second part included the study of release of indomethacin drug from prepared compounds.Different compounds of apatite were prepared and identified such as a compound of calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca10 (PO4)6 (OH)2) which is prepared in three different methods .Hydroxyapatite Strontium compound (Sr10(PO4)6 (OH)2) and Strontium Fluorapatite compound (Sr10(PO4)6F2 ) and composite calcium Fluorapatite compound ( Ca10 (PO4) 6F2) and Strontium - Calcium hydroxyapatite compound ( Ca5Sr5(PO4)6(OH)2 ).All these compounds were identified by Infrared spectroscopy and X - rays, which confirmed the presence of the prepared compounds.Quantitative analysis of the percentage of calcium and strontium in the prepared compounds was conducted using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Also the amount of phosphate and then phosphorus was determined by UV - Vis. spectroscopy ( Phosphomolybedenum blue method.) The results showed that the concentrations of the elements mentioned above in the prepared compounds are within the acceptable range for its role in a property biological effectiveness for compounds.The other part has been singled out for studying the release of a indomethacin drug in a laboratory in the prepared compounds and which is used as an anti - inflammatory and analgesic for pain osteoporosis.Porosity tablets of the compounds loading with drug indomethacin for 24 hours and then studied the release of drug from tablets for 48 hours using visible spectroscopy UV function when acidic pH = 7.4 and a temperature of 37 ⁰ m. As the results showed that the release of indomethacin taking a different time for different times of the compounds that arrived at the level at which the release settled between (4 - 8) hours.

تحضير وتشخيص بعض المعقدات التناسقية لصبغات الازو المشتقة من الباراسيتامول ومركبات السلفا ودراسة فعاليتها ضد البكتريا == Synthesis And Characterization Of Some Metal Complexes For Azo Dyes Derived From Paracetamole And Sulpha Compound And Study Of Their Antibacterial Activity

Author name: رواء هشام يعقوب

Supervisor name: طارق علي فهد

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: In this study, four ligands were synthesized from prepared by the coupling of 4 - acetamidophenol with some sulfa drugs (sulfadiazine Ld , sulfaguinidine, Lg ,sulfamethazine Lm and sulfapyredine Lp) with parasetamol .These ligands were characterized by elemental analysis, FT - IR. , UV - visible ,1H - NMR , 13C - NMR and mass spectroscopy. The chemical structure of these ligands are suggested as following : Lp={N - (4 - hydroxy - 3 - ((4 - (N - pyridin - 4 - ylsulfamoyl)phenyl)diazenyl)phenyl)acetamide} Ld=N - (4 - hydroxy - 3 - ((4 - (N - pyrimidin - 2 - )ylsulfamoyl)phenyl)diazenyl)phenyl)acetamide) Lg=N - (3 - ((4 - (N - carbamimidoylsulfamoyl)phenyl)diazenyl) - 4 - hydroxyphenyl)acetamideLm={N - (3 - ((4 - (N - (4,6 - dimethylpyrimidin - 2 - yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)diazenyl) - 4 - hydroxyphenyl)acetamide} The ionization constant of the ligands were determined potentiometrically using the Irving - Rossotti technique at constant temperature 25 °C. The values of the average number of protons associated with the ligands nA at different pH values were calculated. The proton - ligand formation curves are obtained by plotting nA versus pH at constant temperature.Twelve complexes were prepared from above ligands with cobalt, nickel, and copper salts, with molar ratio 1 : 1 (M : L) . These complexes were identified by elemental analysis, FT - IR. spectra, Uv - visible spectra,atomic absorption,molar conductance and megnetice,susceptibility The results were lndicated that the found valaes of C,H,N for prepared complexes were clossed to their theoretical volues . IR Spectra showed that stretching vibration of azo group in the complexes were shifted in comparison with ligands inaddition to appearance of M - N and M - O stretching,UV - visible and magnetic studies gave in idea about geometry and coordination number of these complexes through location of electronic transition and number of unpaired electron in outer energy levels.Atomic absorption measurements explained that the reaction of the ligand with the metal complexes was 1 : 1 molar ratio ,also the perecentage of the metals in the prepared complexes was in good agreement with the theortical values.The molar conductance values of the coordination compounds of mentioned metal ions under investigation were determined using (1.0×10 - 3 mol. L - 1) DMF solvent, The molar conductance and magnetic values suggest the presence of a non - electrolyte.The magnetic moments of Ni(II), Cu(II), and Co(II), complexes were measured at room temperature .Based on the different characterization methods described above, the chemical structures of the prepared complexes were suggested as following.

دراسة الفولتامتري الحلقي والتخليق الكهروكيميائي والتوصيل الكهربائي لبعض مركبات التلوريوم العضوية == CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY, ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND CONDUCTEMETRIC STUDIES OF SOME ORGANOTELLURIUM COMPOUNDS

Author name: ديار محمد علي مراد

Supervisor name: علي زايد الربيعي | انيس عبد الوهاب النجار

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: تضمنت هذه الدراسة على جزئين ، فالجزء الاول يتعلق بدراسة السلوك الكهروكيميائي لمركبات ثنائي فنيل ثنائي التلوريد وبس(2 - امينو - 5 - مثيل فنيل ) ثنائي التلوريد وبس(2 - امينو - 5 - بروموفنيل )ثنائي التلوريد باستعمال تقنية المسح الجهدي الحلقي في مذيب رباعي هيدروفيوران وفي درجة حرارة الغرفة .بينت النتائج المستحصلة ان تلك المركبات تعاني انتقالا الكترونيا مفردا خلال عمليتين متعاقبتين اثناء عملية الاختزال .و استعملت تلك التقنية لتحديد مناطق الجهد المناسبة تمهيدا لاجراء التخليق الكهروكيميائي للتلوريدات العضوية غير المتجانسة : اثيل فنيل تلوريد ((1 ، بروبيل فنيل تلوريد ((2 ، بيوتيل فنيل تلوريد ((3، اثيل ( - 2 امينو - 5 - مثيل فنيل) تلوريد (4) ، بروبيل( - 2 امينو - 5 - مثيل فنيل) تلوريد (5) ، بيوتيل ( - 2 امينو - 5 - مثيل فنيل) تلوريد (6)، اثيل( - 2 امينو - 5 - برومو فنيل) تلوريد ((7، بروبيل ( - 2 امينو - 5 - برومو فنيل) تلوريد (8)، بيوتيل ( - 2 امينو - 5 - برومو فنيل) تلوريد (9). شخصت هذه التلوريدات العضوية غير المتجانسة بواسطة تحليل العناصر الدقيق واطياف تحت الحمراء . اما الجزء الثاني فقد تضمن قياس التوصيلية الكهربائية للمركبات : فنيل التلوريوم ثلاثي اليوديد و4 - ميثوكسي فنيل التلوريوم ثلاثي اليوديد و4 - كلوروفنيل التلوريوم ثلاثي اليوديد وفنيل التلوريوم ثلاثي البروميد وفنيل التلوريوم ثلاثي الكلوريد في مذيبي DMSO وDMFالنقيين وعند درجة حرارة 25 مo . اجريت التحاليل المتعلقة بنتائج التوصيلية الكهربائية بطريقة تقنية التقليل للحد الادنى باستعمال اربع معادلات نظرية للتوصيلية وهي معادلات Fuoss - Hsia (فوس - سايا) و) Pitts بتس) الموسعة والمحورة . اوضحت النتائج التحليلية لتلك المركبات بانها لا تتصرف كالكتروليتات قوية في كلا المذيبين وان تفككها ليس بالتفكك التام ، كما لوحظ وجود تفاوت في قيم التوصيلية الكهربائية وفقا˝ لطبيعة المجموعة المعوضة كونها دافعة او ساحبة وكانت حسب الترتيب الاتي : ومن ناحية اخرى قورنت قيم توصيلية المركب فنيل التلوريوم ثلاثي اليوديد مع المركبين فنيل التلوريوم ثلاثي البروميد وفنيل التلوريوم ثلاثي الكلوريد اذ كانت قيم التوصيلية الكهربائية وفق نمط الترتيب الاتي | The present study divided into two sections, firstly , the electrochemical behavior of diphenyl ditelluride ,bis(2 - amino - 5 - methyl phenyl)ditelluride and bis(2 - amino - 5 - bromo phenyl)ditellurid have been investigated by cyclic voltammatry in THF at room temperature. The results showed that all these compounds suffer of two single successive electron transfer through the reduction process. This technique was used to determine the best voltage regions in order to carry out the electrochemical synthesis of unsymmetrical organic telluride, i.e : ethyl phenyl telluride (1), propyl phenyl telluride (2), butyl phenyl telluride (3), ethyl (2 - amino - 5 - methyl phenyl)telluride (4), propyl(2 - amino - 5 - methylphenyl)telluride(5), butyl (2 - amino - 5 - methylphenyl) (6),ethyl(2 - amino - 5 bromophenyl)telluride(7), propyl(2 - amino - 5 - bromo phenyl) telluride(8) and butyl(2 - amino - 5 - bromophenyl) telluride(9). All mentioned compounds were characterized by CHN and IRspectroscopy. secondly, the electrical conductances of phenyl tellurium triiodide , 4 - methoxy phenyltellurium triiodide , 4 - chloro phenyltellurium triiodide , phenyltellurium tribromide and phenyltellurium trichloride have been measured in both DMSO and DMF solvents at temperature 25oC .The evaluation of conductance data was carried out by minimization technique using the theoretical conductance equations of the complete and modified forms of Pitts and Fuoss - Hsia . Analytical results showed that these compounds do not behave as strong electrolytes in both solvents , and that their dissociation are far from complete . The low conductances of these electrolytes may be attributed to the formation of ion - pairs. The presence of donating or withdrawing groups on benzen ring affect the electrical conductivity and the following trend was obtained : Finally ,the sequence of increasing the conductaces of the three studied phenyltellurium trihalides is given below :

تحضير ودراسة بايلوجية لبعض مركبات البايرزول == Preparation and biological study of some pyrazole compounds

Author name: خنساء صقر سعود

Supervisor name: نزار لطيف شهاب الدين

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

دراسة تحليلية وحرارية وحساب الثوابت الثرموداينميكية والفعالية البايولوجية لمعقدات قواعد شف جديدة لعناصرCo,Ni,Cu == Analytical study ,Thermodynamic and Biological Calculation for new Schiff base Complexes of ( Co,Ni,Cu )

Author name: حسين ناصر حمادي

Supervisor name: هناء حميد حداد

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

تحضير وتشخيص بعض قواعد شف المتماثلة الجديدة ومعقداتها ودراسة بعض بوليمراتها دراسة تحليلية وحرارية == Synthesis , Characterization of some new Homologous Schiff base and its Complexes with Analytical and Thermal Study of some their Polymers

Author name: حسنين رعد عبد الكريم

Supervisor name: زكي ناصر السكيني | علي عبد الرزاق العطبي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

تحضير وتشخيص بعض معقدات الثايوسيانات الجسرية الحاوية على قواعد شف ودراسة فعاليتها البايولوجية == Preparation and Characterization of Some Bridged Thiocyanate Complexes Containing Schiff Base And Study of Their Biological Activity

Author name: بشير جواد كاظم

Supervisor name: مؤيد يوسف كاظم العبادي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: In this study five ligands were prepared from condensation two amines (4 - methyl benzene - 1,2 - diamine and ortho phenylen diamine ) with two aldehydes( 4 - isopropyl benzaldehyde and 4 - diethyl amino benzaldehyde.These ligands were identified by elemental analysis, FT - IR , UV - visible, 1HNMR , 13CNMR and mass spectroscopy. The proposed chemical structure of these ligands are suggested as following : Binuclear tetrathiocyanates complexes [MM'(SCN)4 ; M=Co,Ni,Cd : M'=Cd,Hg] were first prepared by the reaction of metal nitrates with potassium thiocyanate and then solutions from two formed metal thiocyanates were mixed in 1 : 1 molar ratio.Fifteen bridged thiocyanate complexes were prepared from the reaction of Schiff base ligands with binuclear tetrathiocyanate complexes in 1 : 1 molar ratio . These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT - IR , UV - visible ,mass spectroscopy ,atomic absorption ,thermogravimetric analysis, molar conductance and magnetic susceptibilities. The results were indicated that the found percentage of C ,H and N for the prepared complexes were closed to their theoretical values . Also IR spectra showed that stretching vibration of azomethine group in the complexes was shifted in comparison with ligands in addition to appearance of bands belong to bridged and terminal thiocyanates indicating the bonding of ligands with metals. Mass spectroscopy also proved the structure of complexes by displaying peaks of molecular ion and some basic fragments. UV - Visible and magnetic studies gave an idea about geometry and coordination number of these complexes through location of electronic transition and number of unpaired electrons in outer energy levels .Atomic absorption measurements explained that the reaction of th e ligand with the metal complexes was 1 : 1 molar ratio , also the percentage of the metals in the prepared complexes was in good agreement with the theoretical values . It was found that the molar conductance values of the complexes were low indicating that all prepared complexes have non electrolytic properties . Farthermore , some prepared complexes had a good thermal stability depending on some thermal parameters calculated bythermogravimetric carves .In addition , the biological activity of the prepared ligands and theircomplexes were studied by using two types of bacteria (S.aureus , E.coli)and fungi (A.niger , A.ftavus) . It was found that all compounds havesignificant antimicrobial activity . Cytotoxicity of these compounds wasevaluated . These compounds have not toxicity on the red blood cells in comparison with standard compounds such as sodium cyanide .The proposed chemical structures of the prepared complexes were suggested as following : AC1 AC2

تحضير وتشخيص وقياس الفعالية الحيوية لبعض معقدات البلاتين الثنائي مع كلايكوسيد الاميغدالين المعزولة من بذور ثمار المشمش (prunus armenivcal)

Author name: حلا صبري نجم عبد الله

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The abstract of the present work for the synthesis of the new heterocyclic phenolic 1,3,4 - oxadiazole and their chelating polymers is outlined below : Part One : Organic Synthesis.1) Conversion of hydroxy benzoic acid derivatives to their corresponding esters (4 - 9) using standard procedure (Fiesher esterfication). 2) Reaction of hydroxyl benzoate derivatives (4 - 9) with hydrazine hydrate afforded the corresponding acid hydrazides (13 - 15). 3) The reaction of acid hydrazide derivatives (13 - 15) with carbon disulfide in the presence of alcoholic (KOH) yielded their corresponding 5 - (substituted) - phenyl - 2 - mercapto - 1,3,4 - oxadiazoles (19 - 21). 4) 2 - (methyl/butyl thio) - 5 - (substituted) - phenyl - 1,3,4 - oxadiazoles (24 - 27) were synthesized by alkylation reaction in basic media of oxadiazoles with methyl iodide and n - butyl bromide respectively. 5) The acid hydrazides (13 - 15) were treated with carbon disulfide and alcoholic (KOH) to form their corresponding polar salts, namely potassium - 3 - aroyl dithio carbazinate derivatives (16 - 18). 6) The dehydration cyclization reaction of the above polar salts (16 - 18) using hydrazine hydrate afforded the corresponding 5 - (substituted) - phenyl - 4 - amino - 2 - mercapto - 1,2,4 - triazoles (22, 23). 7) Eight new chelating polymers (28 - 35) have been synthesized by the condensation of phenolic oxadiazoles (19 - 20) and phenol or disubstituted hydroxyl phenol (hydroquinone, resorcinol, and catechol) with formaldehyde in (1 : 1) molar ratio in the presence of (KOH) as a catalyst. The structures of the prepared organic and polymeric compounds that have been synthesized were established by physical (melting points, color), elemental analysis (C.H.N, S), FT - IR, H1 - NMR, C13 - NMR and the results obtained are compatible with assigned structures. Part Two : Analytical Study. The chelation ability of these eight polymers were studied for Ag+, Al3+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ ions using batch equilibrium method using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (F.A.A.S). The different factors affecting loading capacities for the studied ions such as type of polymers, pH and treatment time were studied and the results obtained from figures (4 - 1) to (4 - 104) listed in chapter five shows that the loading capacity in (mg ion / g resin) increased with : 1) Increasing the pH value of the studied ion solution.2) Increasing the treatment time. Thermal stability of the eight synthesized polymers (28 - 35) were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), they showed good thermal stability, these results are discussed in relation with the presence of 1,3,4 - oxadiazole ring in the side group of the prepared networks

تحضير وتشخيص بعض المواد المنشطة للسطوح التوامية ودراسة تطبيقاتها كمواد مشتتة وكاسرة للاستحلاب لمعالجة المستحلبات النفطية == Synthesis and Characterization some of the Gemini Surfactants and study its applications as dispersants and De - Emulsifier to Treatment for Oil Emulsions

Author name: احمد مجيد زيدان

Supervisor name: مهند جواد كاظم الاسدي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

تحضير ودراسة الفعالية الحيوية لمعقدات الامينية ثنائية السن مع ايونات ا لبلاتين (III) والروديوم (II) والبلاديوم == Synthesis , Characterization and Biological Activity Study of Some New Compound Containing Amine and Azomethine Group and Their Complexation Reaction with Platinum(II) , Palladium (II) and Rhodium(III)

Author name: احمد ليث عبد الحليم

Supervisor name: عادل علي عبد الحسن | بشرى كامل جدوع

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: This study included the preparation and the diagnosis and study the biological activity of some new organic compounds containing amine and azomethine groups and complexes ions with platinum(II) and palladium (II) and rhodium (III) ions.This thesis is divided into four chapters. In the first chapter, a general introduction for platinum metals group and of their complexes including : amine and Schiff base ligands have been literately reviewed. The concerned complexes have related to drugs potentially are anticancer active, therefore, this chapter summarized the important roles between the structure and activity for potentially active anticancer drugs which containing platinum metal complexes .The second chapter of this thesis shows the preparative methods of two types of ligands. The first type ligands concerned preparation method of two newly bidentate amine ligands namely : N - (3 - phenylpropyl)ethane - 1,2 - diamine (1) and N,N' - bis(3 - phenylpropyl) ethane - 1,2 - diamine (2) by reaction of ethylene diamine with 3 - phenypropyl bromide in 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 mole ratio, respectively. The second type ligands concerned preparative methods of six newly Schiff base ligands by reacting of o - phenylenediamine with 2 - furyldehyde, ferrocenecarboxaldehyde and acetylferrocene in the mole ratio 1 : 1 and 1 : 2respectively namely : N - 2 - furylidinebenzene - 1,2 - diamine (3)N,N' - bis(furylidine)benzene - 1,2 - diamine(4)N - ferrocenidenebenzene - 1,2 - diamine (5)N,N' - bis(ferrocenidene)benzene - 1,2 - diamine (6) N - 1 - ferrocenylethylidenebenzene - 1,2 - diamin (7) N,N' - bis(1 - ferrocenylethylidene)benzene - 1,2 - diamine (8) o , this chapter describes the synthesis of a new twenty four complexes ofPt(II), Pd(II) and Rh(III) ions with ligands (1 - 8) . The third chapter includes the results and discussion. All the prepared compounds 1 - 32 were characterized by elemental analysis CHN, Conductivity measurements , 1H - NMR ,FT - IR and UV - Visible spectroscopic techniques. All the prepared compounds 1 - 32 are in good agreement with the suggested structure. These data confirmed that the prepared ligands 1 - 8 coordinate with Pt(II),Pd(II) and Rh(III) ions by nitrogen atoms of amino and azomethine groups as a bidentate ligands. The molar conductivity study indicate that platinum(II) and palladium (II) complexes are neutral and behave as non - electrolytes in DMSO solvent at room temperature while rhodium (III) complexes behaves as 1 : 1 electrolytes in the same conditions.Antibacterial activity of all the prepared compounds 1 - 32 beside their interaction with human DNA are shown in the fourth chapter of this thesis. The antibacterial activity of compounds 1 - 32 against two types of bacterial : the first negative towards Gram stain (i.e. Escherichia coli) and against positive towards Gram stain (i.e. Staphylococcus aureus) were tested. These data proved that only compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 20, 29 and 32 have antibacterial activity for growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus whereas only 1, 2, 4, 21 and 29 have antibacterial activity for Escherichia coli. On the other hand, DNA interaction study of complexes 9 - 32 with human DNA showed that all these complexes are binding with DNA which is enhances the probability of usingthese complexes as drug alternatives.

تحضير وتشخيص ودراسة الفعالية البايولوجية لبعض مشتقات الثايزولدين == Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity Study of Some Thiazolidine Derivativ

Author name: احمد عبد الهادي مجيد الكيمي

Supervisor name: داود سالم عبد

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: الثايزولدين - 4 - حامض الكاربوكسيلي هو عبارة عن حامض اميني كبريتي حلقي, مشابه في تركيبه الى الحامض الاميني البرولين, وينتج من تكاثف السيستاين مع الفورمالديهايد . تمتلك مشتقات الثايزولدين والاستايل ثايزولدين فعالية بايولوجية , وتستخدم في التطبيقات السريرية . تضمنت الدراسة تحضير وتشخيص مركبات جديدة للثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيلك امايد, وتقييم فعاليتها البايولوجية , اذ تم تحضير المركب (T) من تفاعل الترفثالهايد مع السيستاين, ومن ثم مفاعلة مع انهدريد الخليك لتحضير المركب (AT) والذي يمثل تفاعل حماية لمجموعة الامين, بعدها تمت مفاعلة ((AT مع بعض الامينات الاروماتية للحصول على مركبات الثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيلك امايد والجدول ادناه يوضح الصيغ التركيبية للمركبات المحضرة .التسلسل المختصر التركيب الكيميائي الاسم العلمي 1 T 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) ثنائي ثايزولدين - 4 - حامض كاربوكسيلي2 AT 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل) ثايزولدين - 4 - حامض كاربوكسيلي)3 ATA1 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - (4 - كلوروفينيل) ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)4 ATA2 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - p - تلويل ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)5 ATA3 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - (6 - ايثوكسي بينزو[d] ثايزول - 2 - يل) ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)6 ATA4 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - m - تلويل ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)7 ATA5 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - (4 - بروموفينيل) ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)8 ATA6 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - (2 - ميثوكسي فينيل) ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)9 ATA7 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - (4,2 - ثنائي برومو فينيل) ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)10 ATA8 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - (4 - ميثل - - 3نايتروفينيل) ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)11 ATA9 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - (3 - نايتروفينيل) ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)12 ATA10 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - (4 - نايتروفينيل) ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)13 ATA11 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - (2 - نايترو فينيل) ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد)14 ATA12 2,2 - ( - 4,1فينلين) بس(3 - اسيتايل - N - o - تلويل ثايزولدين - 4 - كاربوكسيل امايد) اظهرت جميع المركبات المحضرة نواتج بحصيلة جيدة , شخصت المركبات المحضرة بواسطة تقنية تحت الحمراء اذ تميز المركبان ((T و(AT) بظهور حزمة قويه عند 3400 - 3550 cm - 1 تعزى لمجموعة OH الحامض الكاربوكسيلي , اما مركبات الامايد ثايزولدين فانها قد تميزت باختفاء الحزمة العائدة للحامض الكاربوكسيلي وظهور حزمة عند3100 - 3350cm - 1 تعزى لمجموعة NH الامايد . كما استخدمت مطيافية الرنين النووي المغناطيسي البروتوني 1HNMR لتشخيص المركبات باستخدام ال DMSO - d6 كمذيب حيث اثبتت التكاملات ومواقع الاشارات صحة المركبات المحضرة , اذ تميز المركب AT بظهور اشارة عند 13.03ppm تعزى لبروتون الحامض الكاربوكسيلي فضلا عن ظهور الايزومرات الفراغية الناتجة من الذرات الكيرالية للثايزولدين , كما تميزت مركبات الامايد ثايزولدين بظهور اشارة عند مدى 8.5 - 12.6ppm تعزى لبروتون NH الامايدية واختفاء اشارة بروتون الحامض الكاربوكسيلي . كما استخدمت مطيافية الرنين النووي المغناطيسي الكاربوني 13CNMR اذ اثبتت مواقع الاشارات صحة المركبات المحضرة . اضافة الى تقنية طيف الكتلة (Mass spectra) التي استخدمت في تشخيص المركبات حيث تميزت جميع الاطياف بظهور ذروات عند الايون الجزيئي لكل مركب. كما درست الفعالية البايولوجية للمركبات المحضرة كمضادات بكتيرية اضافة الى اختبار سميتها, اذ اظهر المركب ATA7 فعالية بايولوجية اعلى اتجاه بكتريا E.Coli وبقطر تثبيط 37ملم مقارنه بالمركبات الاخرى . | Thiazolidine - 4 - carboxylic acid is a cyclic sulfur amino acid , analogous in its structure to proline. It is formed by condensation of cysteine and formaldehyde. Thiazolidine and N - acetyl derivative were reported to possess biological activity and tested for clinical use. This study included preparation and characterization of new compounds of thiazolidine - 4 - carboxylic amide then evaluation of their biological activity, As it was in this study the preparation of compound (T) which were prepared from the reaction of Terphthaldehyde with cysteine, the compound (T) which reacts with acetic anhydride to the preparation of compound (AT) to protect amine a amine group , then reacts compound (AT) with some aromatic amines to obtaine compounds thiazolidine - 4 - carboxylic amide. The table below shows the structure of the prepared compounds. Nomenclature Structure Symbol Comp. No 2,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)dithiazolidine - 4 - carboxylic acid T 1 2,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(N - acetylthiazolidine - 4 - carboxylic acid) AT 2 2,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - (4 - chlorophenyl) thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA1 32,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - p - tolyl thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA2 42,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - (6 - ethoxybenzo[d ] thiazol - 2 - yl) thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA3 52,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - m - tolyl thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA4 62,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - (4 - Bromophenyl) thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA5 72,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - (2 - methoxyphenyl) thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA6 82,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - (1,4 - dibromophenyl) thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA7 92,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - (4 - methyl - 3 - nitro phenyl) thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA8 102,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - (3 - nitrophenyl) thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA9 112,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - (4 - nitrophenyl) thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA10 122,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - (2 - nitrophenyl) thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA11 132,2' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(3 - acetyl - N - o - tolyl thiazolidine - 4 - carboxamide) ATA12 14 All the synthesized compounds were good yields . The prepared compounds were identified by FT - IR Spectroscopy as distinguish two compounds (T)and(AT) were characterized by the appearance of strong peak at 3400 - 3500 cm - 1 which attributed to (OH) group for carboxylic acid , on other hand compounds were characterized by the disappearance of peak which attributed to (OH) for carboxylic acid and the emergence peak at 3100 - 3350cm - 1 which attributed to (NH) group for amide. Also we used Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the proton (1HNMR) to identify the compounds by using DMSO - d6 as solvent, as it has proved integration and sites signals the accuracy of the proposed , as distinguish compound (AT) was characterized by the emergence of signal at 13.03 ppm which attributed to the proton of carboxylic acid, as characterized compounds amide thiazolidine the emergence signal when the extent of 8.5 - 12.6ppm which attributed to the proton NH amide and the disappearance of a signal proton carboxylic acid . Also we used Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of carbon (13CNMR) where proven sites signals the health of compounds prepared . In addition, the mass spectrometry technique (MS) was used in the diagnosis of the compound, where all spectra characterized by the appearance of peaks at the molecular ion for each compound. Also , the biological activity of the prepared compounds as antibacterial agents as well as drag toxicity. The ATA7 compound show high activity against E.Coli convoy frustration (37mm) comparison other compounds

تحضير ودراسة التوصيل الكهربائي لبعض املاح الاديبات في محاليلها المائية بدرجات حرارة مختلفة وحساب دوالها الداينميكية الحرارية القياسية اضافة الى اختبارها كمثبتات حرارية لمادة بولي فنايل كلورايد == Synthesis and The Audio Frequency Conductance and thermodynamic studies of Some Metal Adipat salts in Aqueous Medium at Different Temperatures and Use All Salts As Thermal Stabilizers to The PVC

Author name: احمد سالم شنتة السدخان

Supervisor name: انيس عبد الوهاب النجار | زكي ناصر السكيني

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: جرى قياس ودراسة التوصيلات الكهربائية عند الترددات الواطئة للمحاليل المائية من املاح الاديبات المحضرة بطريقتين : احداهما كيميائية لايونات المغنسيوم والباريوم والكوبلت والنحاس والنيكل والزنك (الخارصين) , والاخرى (ولاول مرة) كهربائية لخمسة منها عند درجات حرارية مختلفة ضمن المدى من 298.15 K وحتى 313.15 K باستعمال جهاز قياس التوصيلية (Conductivity meter) . اجريت التحاليل المتعلقة بنتائج التوصيـــــــلية الكهربائية بطريقة تقنية التقلــــــــيل للحد الادنى (Minimization) باستعمال اربع مــــــــــعادلات نظرية للتوصـــــــيلية وهي مـــــــــعادلات (Fuoss - Hsia وPitts) الموسعة والمحددة . اوضحت النتائج التحليلية للاملاح المستعملة انها جميعا لا تتصرف كالكتروليتات "قوية" وان تفككها ليس بالتفكك التام . كما بينت تلك النتائج ان التوصيلية الكهربائية المنخفضة غير الاعتيادية لتلك الالكتروليتات لا تعزى الى وجود الجزيئات المتعادلة كهربائيا ولكن تعزى الى تكوين مزدوجات الايونات (Ion - Pairs) . كما جرى حساب قيم حاصل فالدن فضلا عن استحصال قيم الدوال الديناميكية الحرارية القياسية (∆H˚ و∆S˚ و∆G˚) لعملية التجمع الايوني عند مختلف درجات الحرارة المشار لها اعلاه بوساطة اعتماد كل من ˳Λ وKA على درجة الحرارة . واخيرا جرى تدوين ومناقشة جميع النتائج المستحصلة . اختبرت الثباتية الحرارية لمادة PVC باستعمال جميع الاملاح واعطت نتائج ايجابيه بهذا الصدد ،اذ مزجت مع PVC بنسب وتم قياس TGA للمزيج . | The audio electrical conductances of aqueous solutions of magnesium, barium , cobalt , copper , nickel and zinc adipate have been measured at various temperatures in the range of 298.15 K to 313.15 K , using an audio frequency conductance bridge. These salts were prepared by two methods chemically and, for the first time, electrochemically method. The evaluation of conductance data was carried out by minimization technique using theoretical conductance equations of the complete and modified forms of Pitts and Fuoss - Hsia. Quantitative results showed that these salts do not behave as ''strong'' electrolytes , and that their dissociations are far from complete . The abnormally low conductances of these electrolytes are not due to the presence of electrically neutral molecules but to the ion - pair formation. The Walden product values, as well as the standard thermodynamic functions (∆H˚ , ∆G˚ , ∆S˚ ) for the association reactions for the four temperatures studied, have been evaluated from the temperature dependent of Λ˳ and KA respectively. All the obtained quantities were reported and discussed . Thermal stability of PVC was studied by using magnesium, barium , cobalt , copper , nickel and zinc adipate as stabilizers

دراسة مستويات بعض مضادات الاكسدة غير الانزيمية وعنصري الحديد والنحاس في مصل دم مرض اضطرابات الغدة الدرقية في محافظة ميسان - العراق

Author name: مهدي عودة محمد الساعدي

Supervisor name: ساهرة غريب صياح

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Analytical Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: the current study was designed to measure some Biochemical function in serum of patients with disorder of the thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism ), which can help in the early detection and follow - up of the malfunction of the thyroid gland.Specimens collected from 124 patients with malfunction of the thyroid gland Specimens were classified accord is to the type of disease ( an overactive thyroid gland = 62 , hypothyroidism = 62) and 62 blood samples in were collected from healthy non - infected persons (control group).The study included measuring automatically the levels of thyroid hormones, (FT4, FT3) and (TSH) in the serum using a Mini - VIDAS . The levels of vitamins (E, C) and beta - carotene , and uric acid were measured , also the levels of some trace elements (iron , copper) ,were measured in the serum three above groups.The results showed the following - :  The results of the present study ,the highest percentage of patients with hypothyroidism were indicated that females and the of malfunction of the thyroid gland is occurred at the third and fourth decade of life. The impact of the genetic factor in patients with excessive secretion of the thyroid gland were higher than in patients with deficient secretion of the thyroid gland. A significant increase in the level of the hormone tri - iodothyronin (FT3) and the level of the hormone tetra - iodothyronin (FT4) and a significant decrease in the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in patients with excessive thyroid gland secretion compared to the control group. A significant decrease in the level of hormones (FT3), (FT4) and a significant increase in the level of the hormone (TSH) in patients with hypothyroidism compared to the control group.  Generally, there was a significant decrease in the level of vitamins C,E in the sera of patients with malfunction of thyroid compared to the control group. A significant increase in the level of uric acid in patients with excessive thyroid activity and a significant decrease in patients with thyroid failure compared to the control group.  A Significant decrease in the level of beta - carotene in patients with an overactive thyroid , and a significant increase in the level of beta - carotene in patients with hypothyroidism compared to the control group. A Significant decrease in the level of iron in the sera of patients with malfunction compared to the control group. A significant increase in the level of copper in patients with excessive thyroid activity and a significant decrease in patients with thyroid failure compared to the control group.

المصلحة في عقد التامين البحري : دراسة مقارنة == Interest in the Marine Insurance Contract A Comparative Study

Author name: ديار حطاب قاسم

Supervisor name: علي عبد العالي خشان الاسدي

General topic: Law

Specific topic: Commercial Law

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Law And Politics

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

الحماية المؤقتة للعلامة التجارية : دارسة مقارنة == The Temporary protection for trademark A comparative study

Author name: بان علاء عمر محمد

Supervisor name: حسين عبد القادر معروف

General topic: Law

Specific topic: Commercial Law

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Law And Politics

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Temporary trademark protection is intended to preserve the right to a trademark when by it is concerned with the protection of trademark ownership when Paired with a certain period of time, which varies according to the circumstances in which such protection is legislated, or that may protect the trademark from any imminent attack Or maintained evidence from abuse or aggression when it's occurs, when it takes the form of procedure taken quickly. The importance of the research is that it discusses one of the subjects of intellectual right, which is a trademark that is especially important because of the diversity of these marks that distinguish products and services and gain specialty distinguish them from others, as the attack on the right of the trademark is of a special nature, As entail the damage is not limited to the owner's profits and sales, but may damage the value of the trademark and its moral reputation. The temporary protection of the trademark has it's own Provisions. It has not been directly covered by legislation. The Iraqi legislator has dealt with the provisions of temporary protection sporadically between the texts, making it difficult for us to establish a specific framework for such protection or to adopt a clear idea of it. The problem of research is to clarify the situation of Iraqi law on the establishment of this type of protection and it's domain in object and procedure, and the extent to which this protection coincides with developments at the legislative level in the developed countries that adopted this type of protection, And we will try to answer all these questions in the folds of this research. In the research methodology we will use the comparative analytical method. We will divide the research into two chapters, the first chapter of which isSummary…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..bspecified to the study of the definition of temporary protection of the trademark. We divided it into two topics : The conception of temporary protection for the trademark (first topic)' types and conditions of temporary protections (second topic).The second chapter is specified to temporary protections means for the trademark which divided them into two topics, temporary substantive protections means of the trademark (first topic), temporary procedural protections means of the trademark (second topic). One of our most important findings and recommendations is that temporary trademark protection seeks to preserve the right to a trademark when it is concerned with the protection of trademark ownership when coupled with a certain period of time, which varies depending on the circumstances in which such protection is initiated, On the brand of any imminent attack or keep evidence of aggression when it occurs, when it takes the form of actions taken in a hurry. We recommend that the Iraqi legislator in the Law on Trademarks designate a temporary protection section for the trademark that includes the text of the forms, terms and means of such protection

الدفع بوجود اتفاق التحكيم : دراسة مقارنة

Author name: انوار محمد هادي

Supervisor name: منقذ عبد الرضا علي الفزدان

General topic: Law

Specific topic: Civil Procedure Law

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Law And Politics

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Arbitration is a specific system of litigation under which two or more parties agree to settle their civil, commercial and executive disputes outside of court. Such an agreement has two main aspects; positive and negative. In the first, parties agree to settle their disputes by using arbitration, while in the second; the agreed parties shall not resort to ordinary courts for dispute settlement. Consequently, all conflicting parties and court shall adhere to such an agreement. For example, if either party violates this agreement and resorts to legal proceedings, the court shall reject his claim after having ascertained of a correct arbitration resolution attaining all requirements; yet the court does not refrain from looking the case freely. The beneficial party shall adhere to this arbitration agreement through defence called defence by arbitration agreement, as a technical method of taking effect the obligatory positive aspect agreed upon by laws, which recognize the system of arbitration, but it did not determine a precise concept of this kind of defence; however, this is not considered a deficiency in legalization because minutes and definitions are not set forth therein in the content of the law. It is a deficiency on the party of jurisprudence, which has not determined a certain concept of this defence. It is thought that it is attributable to the difference over the nature of this defence, which is not only limited to the jurisprudence, law but also to and jurisdiction. Laws in comparison differentiate about the nature of traditional defences provided in procedural laws and considering it a certain defence. Defence with arbitration resolution is considered an application of estoppels, which means in jurisprudence prevention of contradictions in acts and sayings. So, either party violating an arbitration agreement, shall be forbidden to take any measure that does

الحماية الجنائية لسلامة الملاحة البحرية للسفن : دراسة مقارنة == Criminal Protection For the safety of maritime navigation of ships

Author name: رنا عبد الرحيم مردان

Supervisor name: محمد علي عبد الرضا عفلوك السلمان

General topic: Law

Specific topic: International Criminal Law

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Law And Politics

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Pat terrorism widespread phenomenon knew no boundaries can limit its scope, the transmission of the scourge of the land to the sea, to threaten the interests of the countries through compromise its security and safety as well as the threat of maritime trade, since compromising the integrity of the safe navigation of ships while sailing became obsessed with fear and anxiety threatens international trade in which the maritime constitute the bulk of national income economies, prompting the international community to stalking to suppress this phenomenon, the criminalization of all illegal acts that affect the safety of maritime navigation of ships planned serious criminal sanctions through legal provisions into national legislation That Iraq is one of those countries that keen on navigation safety of ships maritime terrorist acts threatened her, one of the parties was to ratify the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful threatened the Safety of Maritime Navigation of 1988, but the problem is sometimes that Iraq, despite its accession to the International Convention of the Organization of navigation marine (IMO), but he did not issue any special legal legislation the safety of maritime navigation after the ratification of the Convention for the criminalization of terrorist acts contained in the Convention and ratified by Iraq, and at other times we find that Iraq has so far lacked a maritime law regulating the rules and provisions of maritime navigation and everything related exploitation sea, in addition to the cancellation of the Iraqi government in the final phase of the days of the US occupation of a number of laws relating to maritime navigation as a law Maritime Authority, as well as inadequate prescribed nationally in pass criminal protection of the safety of maritime navigation of ships and integrated level required by the international Organization for the safety of Maritime navigation criminal legislation . In front of this importance was the motive in choosing the subject of criminal protection for the safety of maritime vessels and its search navigation following the curriculum induction and analysis of the legal texts with the help of the cited legal texts of other nations, and to find out the criminal protection of the safety of maritime ships navigation details will divide my research in accordance with the structure based on three chapters, the first of the concept the safety of maritime navigation of ships, which includes the first two sections allocated first to introduce the safety of maritime navigation of ships, The second was the legal framework for criminal protection of the safety of maritime ships navigation, and dealt with in the second chapter of criminal protection for the safety of maritime navigation of ships, divided separation models for the two sections is also the first annexation of offenses against the safety of the ship and marine facilities, while the second section was for crimes urgent safety of people and protecting the marine environment. The third chapter annexation of the legal implications for offenses against the safety of maritime navigation of ships, divided the class into two sections, the first dealt with the criminal responsibility for offenses against the safety of maritime ships navigation, while the second section has reviewed the international responsibility for offenses against the safety of maritime navigation and the sanctions resulting from it, then followed the conclusion I have reviewed them what our findings and recommendations on the subject of the study

ضمانات محاكمـة المتهم فـي القضاء العسكري العراقي : دراسة مقارنة == Guarantees of the Hearing of the Accutane in the Iraqi A Military Judiciary A Comparative Study

Author name: قاسـم ناظـم سلمان الجنابـي

Supervisor name: عماد فاضل ركاب المالكي

General topic: Law

Specific topic: Principles of Military Criminal Trials

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Law And Politics

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: اصبحت المحافظة على حق الانسان في حماية قانونية لحقوقه اثناء المحاكمة من اهم المبادئ التي تشغل المجتمع الدولي والداخلي, الا ان هذا الحق يحتاج الى وسيلة لفاعليته خصوصا في النظام العسكري, من هنا يظهر موضوع ضمانات محاكمة المتهم في مرحلة المحاكمة الجزائية, اذ تتجلى اهمية تلك الضمانات في ان الاطار العام يقتضي المساس بحقوق المتهم وحرياته من خلال المحاكمة الجنائية, مما قد يعرضه لمخاطر التجريم والعقاب ثم ما يصيبه من اجراءات تنفيذ ذلك العقاب, ومتى ما تم مراعاتها يمكن تفادي تلك المخاطر او التقليل منها على اقل تقدير, لذلك لجات الدول الى تبني قضاء خاص بها واسند اليه مهمة النظر في القضايا المتعلقة بالقوات المسلحة وافرادها, او قد تمتد في حالات استثنائية معينة الى المدنيين, حيث يقوم القانون الاجرائي العسكري بتنظيم هذه النوع من القضاء, وبيان اجراءات التقاضي امامه مراعيا في كل ذلك تحقيق التوازن بين مصلحتين, مصلحة القوات المسلحة عموما التي وجد لحمايتها بما تتضمنه من المحافظة على الاسرار العسكرية, وسرعة تنفيذ الاوامر من جهة, والحفاظ على القدر اللازم من الضمانات التي يجب ان يتمتع بها المتهم امامه من جهة اخرى.وتطبيقا لما تقدم جاء الدستور العراقي لسنة 2005 في المادة (99) منه بان( ينظم بقانون, القضاء العسكري, ويحدد اختصاص المحاكم العسكرية التي تقتصر على الجرائم ذات الطابع العسكري, والتي تقع من افراد القوات المسلحة وقوى الامن...) وقد ارتئينا ان نسلط الضوء على موضوع ضمانات محاكمة المتهم في القضاء العسكري العراقي من خلال تقسيمه الى ثلاثة فصول, حيث تناولنا في الفصل الاول التعريف بالمتهم في القضاء العسكري, اما الفصل الثاني فقد عني بضمانات المتهم العامة في القضاء العسكري, وفي الفصل الثالث تطرقنا الى ضمانات المتهم الخاصة في القضاء العسكري, وانتهينا بخاتمة تتضمن اهم ما توصلنا اليه من نتائج ومقترحات. | The Juridical Fiqh and bodies concerned with human rights, whether nationally or globally, have paid much attention to guarantees of the accused during the criminal court. This matter has received a huge amount of attention of those who call for human rights, as it maintains dignity and humanity of an individual. The significance of guarantees lies in the fact that the general framework allows prejudicing the accusant's rights and freedom by a criminal hearing. The accused could be vulnerable to risks of conviction and punishment and consequences of executing this punishment. Therefore, States have resorted to adopting their own jurisdiction, which is responsible for considering cases related to the armed forces and their personnel, or may extend, in certain exceptional cases, to civilians, where the military procedural law regulates this type of judiciary. Also, this jurisdiction works on disclosing litigation procedures taking into accounts achieving balance between two interests : the interest of the armed forces, which is generally found to protect it, including the preservation of military secrets, the rapid execution of orders on the one hand, and the preservation of the necessary guarantees that the accused must enjoy, on the other hand. In accordance with the above - mentioned, the Iraqi Constitution of 2005 states in Article (99) that " The martial justice shall be regulated by law, and should determine the jurisdiction of military courts whose function is limited to crimes of a military nature, committed by the personnel of the armed forces and the security forces." The researcher has decided to highlight the subject of " Guarantees of the Hearing of the Accused in the Iraqi Martial Justice" through partitioning it into two chapters, preceded by an introduction. The first chapter has dealt with the general guarantees of the accused in the military judiciary. In the second chapter, the special guarantees of the accusant in the military judiciary have been discussed. The stud has closed up with a conclusion containing important findings and proposals.

حماية الحقوق الثقافية للاقليات في القانون الدولي العام == Protection of Cultural Rights of Minorities in the Public International LaW

Author name: علي عدنان عبد الحكيم

Supervisor name: علي جبار كريدي القاضي

General topic: Law

Specific topic: International Humanitarian Law

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Law And Politics

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: he religious, linguistic, nationalist and ethnic variations are agreed upon and real, and such variations exist in most groups. In most countries around the world, there are human groups having its own characteristics which are different from the dominant majority. Most groups are trying to prove its existence and differentiation through its cultural heritage .As the cultural rights for the people of minorities of language, religion and education are responsible for keeping their distinctiveness from other members of community, hence such cultural rights are necessary to protect the existence of minorities as a distinguished group having its own culture. There is a possibility that such minorities practice other civil, political, economic and social rights, therefore the problem of minorities is considered common for most countries around the world, and this problem is renewable and subject to different variables.This problem once was addressed in accordance with internal laws, however, nowadays this problem is considered one of the issues that concern the international community because of its impact on states stability internally and externally. People of minorities enjoy all human rights stipulated by international conventions and treaties related to human rights as well as enjoying their own rights helping them maintain their own characteristics. And this is what some states included in their constitutions and internal laws.For the importance of human rights in general and minorities' rights in particular, there are many international mechanisms and means to protect these rights and practice international control which urges respect of such rights.Thus, the respect for cultural diversity and the granting of minorities their rights, stipulated in the international law including cultural rights of would help maintain the stability of states, and ensure that international peace and security are not exposed to jeopardy. Enjoying minorities these rights is an evidence that the state is on the right track,maintaining majority and minority's rights indiscriminately alike

المسؤولية الجزائية لعضو مجلس النواب عن جرائم القذف والسب في التشريع العراقي : دراسة مقارنة == The Criminal Responsibilities of a Parliament Member for Defamation and Insults in the Iraqi Laws A comparative study

Author name: هناء عبد الجواد علوان

Supervisor name: هدى هاتف مظهر الزبيدي

General topic: Law

Specific topic: Constitutional Law

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Law And Politics

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Studying the subject of the criminal responsibilities of the Parliament Member (P.M.) about the crimes of defamation and insults is of great importance as the (P.M.) is regarded as a representative of the people and expresses their wishes and desires in addition to the other tasks ; something like enacting laws ,oversight over the works of other authorities . He has other responsibilities entrusted to him according to the law. The (P.M.) enjoys many privileges. One of these is the parliament immunity, which turns his criminal responsibilities differ fromthose of ordinary people particularly those which are related to crimes of defamation and insults. Enjoying the substantive immunity prevents the ability to make him accountable for his speeches that include defamation and insults. Also enjoying the procedural immunity hinders taking any criminal procedures against him.Via our study we have come up with the following results ; the most important are : As the (P.M.) enjoys substantive immunity , he is not questioned about his opinions that contain defamation and insults in the limits that the Constitution explains , that is, the opinions given should be within the parliamentary work and because of it and his opinions during holding the parliamentary sessions - in the Parliament or in the parliament committees. The person who shares with him the crime of defamation and insult cannot make use of this immunity as it is personal immunitythat can take effect on the (P.M.) only .The media and media men cannot make use of this immunity, either. They are protected by their own special laws.As for the criminal responsibility for the crimes of defamation and insults in the field of procedural immunity, it does not protect him from investigating his responsibility for the crime, but it prevents the authority from taking any criminal procedures that may touch or harm his freedom during enjoying his being a member of the Parliament, because such crimes are looked upon as a misdemeanor , which theConstitution does not permit any procedures to take effect on the (P.M.), if he commits it whether it is witnessed or not ; and a procedure can be taken after his membership ends.Through our study of this subject, we have got the following recommendations : We recommend the legislature to amend the Iraqi constitution and rules of procedure of the Iraqi Parliament making the possibility of taking punitive action against the PM in the case of committing attested misdemeanor crimes because of the possibility of the malicious prospect in remarkable crimes. And also the legislature is recommended to make the possibility of asking for permission to take punitive action against P.M. who commits a misdemeanor which is unattested.We recommend legislature to organize the issue an authorization request to take punitive measures in the case of a member of the House of Representatives has committed an unattested felony, and determine a period of thirty days to decide on the application, otherwise request is deemed acceptable. We recommend legislature to consider membership status as an aggravating circumstance for the purpose of more severe punishment against the P.M.. Besides, we call for an exception to opinions contained the meaning of insults from views covered by immunity to the lack of justification for the coverage of immunity.We call on the legislature to amend the rules of procedure of the Iraqi Parliament, including determining the spatial scale of the objective immunity more specific and clearer providing for inclusion of the spatial scale of the objective immunity, wherever the P.M. practices duties and missions, so as to cover the Parliament and a place where committees held, even when held outside the dome of Parliament as well as any place where the P.M. exercises his/her duties. This in order to grant a P.M. a wide range of practicing to his/her duty without fear of being held accountable as a result of his views made by the occasion of performing their work outside the Parliament.

سلطة الادارة في مجال التخطيط العمراني في العراق : دراسة مقارنة == Administration Authority in the field of Urban planning Comparative Study

Author name: نور الهدى جميل خلف

Supervisor name: عامر زغير محيسن

General topic: Law

Specific topic: Administrative Law

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Law And Politics

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

دور المحكمة الجنائية الدولية في تحديد اختصاصها واثره على مبدا التكامل == The Role of The International Criminal Court in Limit Its Specialization and Its Effect on The Integral principle

Author name: مروة مكي مجيد

Supervisor name: علي جبار كريدي القاضي

General topic: Law

Specific topic: International Criminal Law

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Law And Politics

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The study of the role of "The Role of The International Criminal Court in Limit Its Specialization and Its Effect on The Integral principle" that surround on the search of the type relations between the criminal court and national courts. The specialization of the international criminal court stand on the idea that it doesn't take the place of the nation courts in inquest, and trial while its specialization is to complete the specialization of this court. This idea had taken to get out from the objection of the state which saw that in the specialization of the criminal court there are some overrun on the specialization of national authority. While the idea of integral specialization of the international criminal court have some exceptions make state undesired and can't judge the international criminals committed. That make from the integral principle unstable and change according the law relation which sit for the international criminal court with the states. For that the role of the criminal court became as censorship on the national courts and that effect on national authority of the state.So this search had been divided into introduction and two chapters. The first chapter in titled of specialization of the international criminal courts and its relationship with the national courts that we also had divided into two parts, the first one consists specialization of reference of the international criminal court and the national courts ?. While the second one consists the study of the international criminal court relationship with notational courts. In the second chapter we talked about the disputed between the international criminal court and nationalcourts and we also had been divided into two parts. The first one speak about what the disputed specialization means?, and the second one consists the study of the tools that which solve the disputed between the international criminal court and the national courts.

التنظيم القانوني للرقابة المتبادلة بين مجلس المحافظة والمحافظ == The legal regulations Of The mutual control between the Provincial Council and Governor

Author name: قائد سلمان حسن

Supervisor name: جعفر عبد السادة بهير الدراجي

General topic: Law

Specific topic: Administrative Law

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Law And Politics

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: There are two types of control over local authorities represented by the Provincial Council and Governorate. The first one is the control of the central authority represented by legislative, administrative and judicial control and control of independent bodies. The other type includes mutual control among local bodies specifically the Provincial Council and Governorate which enables each authority to monitor the other authority's work.The means of mutual control between the Provincial Council and Governor which is enacted by the Act of governorates not organized in a region and the Provincial Council's bylaws resembles largely means of mutual control between the legislative and executive authority that enacted by the bylaw of Iraqi Council of Representatives, with a relative divergence for both in the frame and effectiveness.Provincial Council is the legislative and regulatory authority that has the right to issue domestic legislation to allow it to manage its affairs in accordance with the principle of administrative decentralization, without violating the constitution and federal laws that fall within the exclusive powers of the federal authorities as stipulated by Article (2/First) of the applicable Act of Governorates not Organized in a Region. As to the governor who is elected by the Provincial Council is deemed the highest executive official in a governorate, and s/he is of a rank of deputy minister regarding rights and employment service as stipulated in the applicable Iraqi Constitution Article (122/Third) and the Act of Governorates not Organized in a Region, in force in Article (24).The mutual control between a Provincial Council and Governor has been stated by the legislator in different texts, of unspecified nature of control and without specifying control means used by each party. This led to resorting to bylaws of Provincial Councils to fill the gap and address legislative insufficiency. However, these regulations have raised the problem of lack of being consolidated in one bylaw which caused a problem of difference among these regulations in determining regulatory means and systems, thus we call on the legislator to amend the Act of Governorates no Organized in a Region, in the form that the supreme coordinating commission takes the initiative to prepare and circulate this system among Provincial Councils, and to grant such Councils the right to add some provisions relating to the nature of each governorate to this system on condition that such provisions do not interfere with the unified bylaw.The mutual control between the Governorate and Governor discloses the imbalance between parties of control. The Provincial Council has had many means towards the Governor including questioning, interrogation and investigation, and raise a general issue for discussion in addition to other indirect procedures, while the governor has only a means of objection on decisions made by the Council, and a means of requesting to resolve the Provincial Council which are considered as indirect means. The Supreme Federal Court has the right to decide on the objection made by the governor on a decision made by the Provincial Council, and a request to resolve the Council should be submitted to the House of Representatives which should gain an absolute majority of its members.But these two mechanisms contradict the Constitution that determines jurisdiction of the Supreme Federal Court and jurisdiction of the House of Representatives exclusively. Hence we recommend the administrative judiciary court is to be responsible for deciding on an objection made by the governor on Provincial Council's decision which is in line with the Constitution. Also, we recommend to a request of resolving the Provincial Council is to be submitted to the Council of Ministers, not to the House of Representatives, as it is consistent with the administrative decentralization.The effect of mutual control leads to the dismissal of the governor or dissolution of the Provincial Council. The dismissal is conducted when the exclusive reasons stipulated by law are available such as dishonesty, abuse of office, causing the waste of public fund, the loss of one of the requirements of membership and intentionalnegligence.

مسؤولية الشاحن البحري : دراسة مقارنة == Marine Shipper Liability Comparative study

Author name: عمار مالك عبد الرضا المعمار

Supervisor name: يوسف عودة غانم

General topic: Law

Specific topic: Commercial Law

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Law And Politics

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: لقد ازداد الاهتمام بمسؤولية الشاحن البحري في العقود الاخيرة نتيجة تطور وسائل النقل البحري وتعقدهواازدهار التجارة البحرية، اذ اصبحت تمثل عصب الحياة التجارية على المستوى العالمي، وقد مهدت هذه الدراسة بالبحث في مفهوم الشاحن البحري والذي يراد به، كل شخص طبيعي او معنوي يلتزم بموجب عقد نقل بحري, بان يقدم للناقل بضاعة يملكها او يحوزها بعد اعدادها للنقل, وذلك لايصالها سالمة الى جهة الوصول لقاء اجر, على ان يكون له الحق باستلام سند شحن اصلي باسمه او لامره. وقد ظهر نوعين جديدين للشاحن البحري هما الشاحن المستندي والطرف المسيطر. ومن اهم خصائص الشاحن هو كونه طرف اساسي في عقد تجاري وعقد اذعان في الوقت ذاته نظرا لكون الشاحن طرف ضعيف في عقد النقل البحري. وثمة مراكز قانونية تتشابه مع المركز القانوني للشاحن البحري ولكن الاخير له ما يميزه عنها. ومن خلال الدراسة تبين ان هناك اكثر من اساس لمسؤولية الشاحن فهناك اساس مبني على الخطا الواجب الاثبات، في حين هناك اساس اخر مبني على المسؤولية الموضوعية, وفي حالة تحقق المسؤولية فان ثمة امكانية للاعفاء غير انه لواجود لتحديد مسؤولية الشاحن كما هو حال الناقل. وتتحقق مسؤولية الشاحن البحري نتيجة الاخلال بالتزامه بالتعريف بالبضاعة، وذلك من حيث عدم اعطاء بيانات صحيحة او عدم وضع العلامات او عدم اعطاء التعليمات اللازمة او عدم تزويد الناقل بالوثائق الضرورية الخاصة بالبضاعة، كما قد تتحقق مسؤولية الشاحن البحري نتيجة الاخلال بالتزامه بالشحن ودفع الاجرة، وقد اتضح تباين موقف القوانين من مسالة الزام الشاحن بالشحن، اذ الزمت بعضها الناقل دون الشاحن بالشحن. اضافة الى ان اطراف دعوى المسؤولية قد يكونوا مرتبطين بعقد النقل البحري وقد يكونوا من الغير. كما ان ثمة جهتين مختصتين بفض المنازعات وهما القضاء والتحكيم، وهناك من التشريعات من جعل مكان المحكمة القضائية او التحكيمية في اماكن محددة ونص على بطلان كل شرط قبل النزاع يهدف الى تغييرها، كما ان التشريعات الخاصة بعقد النقل البحري عدها هي الواجبة التطبيق ولا يجوز تجاوزها. وقد ظهر من خلال البحث ان للتقادم في مسؤولية الشاحن البحري قواعد خاصة تختلف عن القواعد العامة. على ان الملاحظ في كل ما تقدم هو اختلاف التشريعات الدولية والوطنية محل المقارنة فلا يكاد يوجد اتفاق بينها. وقد توصلت الدراسة الى ان هناك تطور واضح حاصل فيما يتعلق بتنظيم مسؤولية الشاحن البحري من الناحية القانونية، ولكنه لازال في بدايته لذا يحتاج الى تنظيم نصوص جديدة تاخذ بعين الاعتبار ضرورة توفير الحماية للشاحن البحري. | The liability of the shipper acquires an increasing importance in the last decades due to the development of marine transportation and the prospenty of marine trade. It becomes the heart of the commercial aspeet of life. This study starts with the concept of the shipper, who could be defined as every natural or moral person who oblige by carriage contract to provide the goods to the carrier as an owner or a holder of them on the condition that they should be ready for carriage to deliver them safe at arrival direction for cartain freight, also he has the right of delivering the shipping bill or for his order. Two types of shippers appeared : the documental shipper and the controller party. One of the most important features of the shipper is that he is a principal party in a commercial contract which is consideredas an ahdhesion contract due to the fact that the shipper is a weak party in carriage contract. There are also other legal positions similar to the legal position of the shipper but it is still different from them. The liability of the shipper takes place as a result of breaching his legal obligation in acknowledging the goods when he refuses to provide correct information when he doesn't signal or label the goods, when he doesn't give the correct instruction or when he doesn't provide the carrier with necessary documents. In addition to that, the shipper is liable when he breaches his obligation in shipping and paying the freight. It is shown through the study that not all rules oblige the shipper rather than some of them oblige the carrier to shipping. Moreover, It is shown that the base of the shipper liability is not specifically relied on provable fault rather there is another ground built on objective liability which when it is risen there is a capability to release. It is important to mention that there is no certain determination to shipper liability as the carrier, and the parties of action may be binded by carriage contract or may be from others. There are two ways to decide the disputes either judgement or arbitration, there are some acts state the locations of the judicial and arbitrary courts in certain places and consider any clause to change these location has no legal force and also consider the special legisations of carriage contract should be applied. The study concludes also that prescription has its influence on the liability of shipper in different way from this in general principle. It should be noted that the difference between international and locl rules is so far to a degree that they are rarely agreed on certain points. Moreaer the study is shown that there is a considerable progress concerning the liability of the shipper on the legal level, but it is in its first steps and need new provisions take in their consideration justice and the shipper protection

فكرة الحكم المنعدم في قانون المرافعات المدنية : دراسة مقارنة == Non - existent Judgment's idea in the civil procedure law Comparative Study

Author name: علي عبد الحسين منصور

Supervisor name: وليد خالد عطية

General topic: Law

Specific topic: Civil Procedure Law

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Law And Politics

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The case and dish out the Properly defined to ensure the facts of The award shall be valid if Substantive rules of law applied in the right the procedures for its evolution and previous actions by which he referred to conform to the law ,and be judged defective if similar defect in the part of these aspects and then there are two angles seen them to estimate the share of health : two to determine the facts and apply the law ,but the latter two parts , the first is the application of rules objectivity and the second application of the procedural rules that determine the course of the emergence of governance , as it is the right verdict if sound from all the previous destinations , and is defective if the injury is a lack of even one of them was intact in saurha.The importance of this distinction , said the ruling right to not be there fact to appeal ,since there is no defect mourns , and if before the appeal form he refuses to subject , as he has the power to end the lawsuit if it became prohibited , however there are flaws that marred the judgment he lost every legal value in the eyes of the law stripped of any meaning of the judgment in this case is described as non - existent, do not have legal force and then to Aictsp degree bits and lacks the power of the executive of the provisions , because of these qualities atelhak legal sense .This idea raised was the subject of controversy , there are those eho see it - the idea of absence - collide asset acquisition rule power to end the lawsuit if became prohibited , if awarded judgmenent of this force should not have to contradiect is , even if thes defect grave , as the legislator may select for compulsory ways to appael to discuss the disadvantages of the referee , if anglguet these methods are no longer the law defines away as to discuss these defects , and in the end , van say ptaab judgment baht for alleged lack thereof prejudice considerations of legal stability which it was built ( the theory of the power of the referee to end the lawsuit ) and power thing where the convict yet others see , that the theory of the provisi ons Z ero strong supporter of legal reasoning , recognizing that the ruling bath has the powrer to end the lawsuit and that he is not bermitted to discuss the disadvantages, especially since the acquisition of adjective unqualified means exhausted the remedies in it, the force prior to Atnsp only rule , if it was shan defect that negates all the work status of the referee, it does not replace the ratio of power to him , and then the lack of judgment is the standard recipe absence governace , be it retrives the definition of governance , then astdhar corners and Banaadamh to say , if one of these negated staff.Since the idea of rule of zero is clearly defined and are ambiguous in somerespects, including whether it is in terms of jurisprudence or the elimination of an expanded her and the strait of them , and the presence of mixingbetween the rule of zero and the rest of the judicial rulings other for the lack of legislative texts explicit in the law of the pleadings as a reference for all other procedural laws in case they are free of the text and the lack of regulation of the latter also with the provisions of absence , so this was the main problem that we set them on the subject of this letter tagged ( the idea of rule of zero in the code of civil procedure /comparative study ) has focused our study on the implications that relate to this idea , according to a scientific plan legal consistent dealt in which all aspects of the job that removes confusion and raise the darkness , and divided the message into three chapters , the first of them to what the judgment of zero divided by the two sections dedicated the first of it to concept of rule of zero either the second section to the cases of rule of zero , and then we made the second chapter to the report lack of judgment divided by the two section , we dealt with in the first and the way the report of lack either the second section was dedicated to the competent court in the report of lack of governance and procedures , and then we moved to the third quarter and we dealt with the effects of the referee palanaadam and divided by also into two sections, we dealt with the topic first raised the judgment palanaadam for the rule itself , while the second section dedicated to the effects of palanaadam judgment for the trial court ,which ruled him and after it was completed we went wrong conclusion pena where the most important conclusions that we reached what we decied to recommend that its recommendations are necessary.