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تحضير، تشخيص وتقييم بايولوجي لبعض الادوية المصاحبة المشتقة من بعض مضادات الالتهابات غير الستيرويدية == Synthesis , Characterization And Biological Evaluation of Some Prodrugs Derived From Non - Steroidal Anti - Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID's)

Author name: مصطفى راجي عايد حمد
Supervisor name: خالد مطني محمد الجنابي | اياد سعدي حميد الدليمي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجري هذا البحث لايجاد العلاقة بين العجز الكلوي المزمن ومستويات بعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية عن طريق قياس مستوى انزيم الرينيين والفيوكوز الكلي (TF), الفيوكوز المرتبط بالبروتين (PBF) , البروتين المرتبطة بالسكريات السداسية (PBHex) وعدد من المتغيرات الكيموحيوية | This study has been done to determine the relationship between chronic renal failure and the level of some biochemical parameters (Rennin enzyme, Total Fucose(TF), Protein bound Fucose(PBF), protein bound Hexose (PBHex), and some other biochemical parameters including glucose , Urea, createnine, Uric acid, High density lipoproteins Cholestrol(HDL - c.), low density lipoproteins Cholestrol (LDL - c.) and electrolytes (Na+, K+ and Ca+2). Case study included (80) patients with chronic renal failure,Who admitted to the Kirkuk General Hospital Department of Dialysis , there ages were (31 - 60 years) of both sexes , patients has been divided into subgroups according to age {(31 - 35),(36 - 40),(41 - 45),(46 - 50),(51 - 550),(56 - 60)}year and severity compared with (45) normal persons as control with same ages, the results was as follows : Results showed a significant increase (P?0.01) in the level of rennin enzyme (5.013±0.052 ng/mL.h) of patients before dialysis compared with control group (2.58±0.32 ng/mL.h) for different age groups, and there was a significant increase slightly for different age groups.There was a significant increase (P?0.01) in the level of TF and PBF (12.14±0.89 mg/dL),(7.450±0.18 mg/dL) respectively compared with control group (28.76±0.03 mg/dL), (2.26±0.27 mg/dL) respectively for different age groups, and there was no significant correlation between age groups or sex.There was significant decrease (P?0.01) in the level of protein bound hexose PBHex, (123.35±0.9 mg/dL) compared with control group (89.76±0.9 mg/dl) for different age groups, and there was no significant correlation between age groups or sex.There was a significant increase (P?0.01) in the level of glucose (5.072±0.13 mmol/L) compared with control group (7.03±0.46 mmol/L) for different age groups, and there was a significant increase for females (7.40±0.7 mmol/L) compared with males (6.84±0.4 mmol/L).There was a significant increase (P?0.01) in the level of urea, uric acid and createnine, (5.66±0.24 mmol/L) , (336.5±1.4 mmol/L) , (90.8±1.3 mmol/L) respectively when compared with control group (34.27±0.9mmol/L) ,(516±1.8 mmol/L), (866±1.9 mmol/L) respectively for different age groups, and there was significant increase for males compared with females.There was a significant increase (P?0.01) in K+ level (5.896±0.05mmol/L) compared with control group (4.253±0.12mmol/L) and there was no significant correlation for males compared with females.There was a significant decrease (P?0.01) in Na+, Ca+2 level, (2.317±0.044 mmol/L), (144.35±1.6mmol/L) respectively compared with control group (1.89±0.046 mmol/L) , (121.00±1.1mmol/L) respectively and there was no significant correlation for different age groups or males and females, while there was a a significant correlation for male (1.979±1.1mmol/L) compared with female (1.768±0.073mmol/L).Result showed a significant decrease in HDL_c in the serum of patients before dialysis (1.263±0.027 mmol/L) compared with control (0.701±0.014 mmol/L) and there was a significant increase in HDL - c for female group compared with male group.There was significant increase in LDL_c in the serum of patients before dialysis (2.946±0.019mmol/L) compared with control (5.1±0.68mmol/L) and there was a significant increase in LDL - c for female (6.30±1.3 mmol/L) compared with male group(5.076±0.023mmol/L).

تحضير وتشخيص بعض المشتقات البوليمرية الجديدة للبولي فاينايل الكحول == Synthesis And Identification of Some New Polymeric Derivatives of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)

Author name: باسل محمد احمد حيود الجميلي
Supervisor name: احمد عبد الحسن احمد الكاظمي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Girls - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت هذة الدراسة تحضير مركبات مختلفة لل 5,4 - ثنائي فنيل ايميدازول من خلال خطوات كثيرة : شملت الخطوه الاولى من البحث تحضير مركب الازو ايميدازول (H) وذلك عن طريق تفاعل الازدواج لل 5,4 - ثنائي فنيل ايميدازول مع املاح الديازونيوم 4 - امينو اسيتوفينون.اما ا | This study deals with the synthesis of new different compounds of 4,5 - di phenyl imidazole via many steps : The first part of this study includes synthesis of azo compounds of 4,5 - di phenyl imidazole by coupling reaction of 4,5 - di phenyl imidazole with Diazonium salts then of 4 - aminoacetophenone. The second part includes synthesis of new azo - chalcone derivatives (H1 - H4)by react on(H) coumpound with different derivatives of benzaldehyde.The third part includes the synthesis of oxazine compounds (H5 - H7) by reaction of (H1,H2,H3)respectively compounds with urea.The fourth part includes synthesis of Schiff base(H8 - H13) by the reaction of the compound(H) with different derivatives of aniline.The fifth part of includes synthesis of oxazepine derivatives(H14 - H21) from reaction of Schiff bases (H8 - H13)with phthalic anhydride and (H9,H10)with maleic anhydride,and synthesis of titrazoles derivatives (H22)from reaction of Schiff base(H12) with Sodium azid (NaN3).The final part of this research includes the biological activity study of some prepared compounds and showes that there is inhibitory activity against fungul.The chemical reaction are checked by using (T.L.C) Technique, all the prepared compounds were characterized by using FT - IR and (¹H - NMR) and (C.H.N) for some of these compounds , and these identification studies approved the correctness of structures for the prepared derivatives.The following schemes explains the stages of reactions for the prepared compounds

دراسة مستويات الفا ـ ل ـ فيوكوز وبعض الدوال الكيموحيوية في مصول دم النساء اللواتي عانين من الاجهاض المفرد للثلث الثاني من الحمل == Study of The Level ? - L - Fucose And Some Biochemical Parameters In Seram of Single Abortion At The Second Trimester of Pregnancy

Author name: فؤاد احمد عمر
Supervisor name: صباح حسين خورشيد
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمن البحث اجـراء بعض التحويرات الكيميائيـة الجديدة للبولي(فاينايل الكحول) وتضمنت التفاعلات تحوير مجموعة الهيدروكسيل الى مجموعة الزانثيت للحصول علـى ملح زانثيت الصوديوم البوليمري , وقد استخدم هذا الملح للتفاعل مع كل من : - 1 - اورثو كلورو بنزيل كلورايد و| This research includes some new chemical modifications which have been done on Poly(vinyl alcohol) through the hydroxyl group which has been converted to xanthate group to obtain the polymeric sodium xanthate salt and the later has been used for the reaction with the followings : 1 - O - chlorobenzyl chloride and 1,3 - Dibromopropane to get xanthate esters also the xanthate salt was reacted with ammonium chloride to form the polymeric ammonium xanthate salt.2 - The reaction with iodine to form the polymeric crosslinked Dixanthate.3 - The reaction with diazonium salts prepared from aniline , P - nitro aniline , benzidine , 4,4 - methylene dianiline to form the diazoxanthate polymers. 4 - The reaction with some transition metal ions such as (Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+) to form some polymeric complexes.The other part of the work includes the oxidation of Poly (vinyl alcohol) to get the oxidized form Poly(oxomethylene) which was reacted with hydrazines to prepare polymeric hydrazones and azine and also gallic acid has been used to esterify the poly(vinyl alcohol) to get poly(vinyl gallate) and phosphorus pentachloride to prepare polymeric trialkyl phosphate.Finally a thermal elimination experiment has been done on one of the polymeric xanthate ester to yield polyene.The polymeric products have been identified spectroscopically using the IR and UV technique , one of the products has been identified by NMR technique and some of the polymeric products have been analyzed for (C.H.N.S.) and also the magnetic susceptibility of some complexes have been measured.

تحضير عدد من المركبات الحلقية غير المتجانسة المشتقة من 2 - امينو - 6 - بروموبنزوثايازول وتقييم تاثيرها البيولوجي == Synthesis of Some Heterocyclic Compounds Derived From 2 - Amino - 6 - Bromobenzothiazole And Evaluation Their Biological Activity

Author name: خالد عبد العزيز عطية البدراني
Supervisor name: خالد مطني محمد الجنابي | احمد خضر احمد الخياط
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة لتحديد الدوال المدروسة مع عينات عمرية لنساء مصابات بالاجهاض للثلث االثاني من الحمل ومستويات تركيزالفيوكوز الكلي Total fucose (TF), والفيوكوز المرتبط بالبروتين protein bound fucose (PBF), والسكريات السداسية المرتبطة بالبروتين (PBH) protei | The study was done to determine the relationship between the causes of abortion in women during the second trimester of pregnancy and total fucose (TF) level , protein bound fucose (PBF) , protein bound hexose (PBHex) and other biochemical parameter , which include : thyroid gland hormones ( T3, T4 ,TSH ) and testosterone , progesterone and Prolactin as well as the estimation of the levels of cholesterol , triglyceride , high density lipoprotein( HDL) , low density lipoprotein ( LDL) , and very low density lipoprotein( VLDL) Samples of ( 53) patientshave been collected from Azadi hospital and General Kirkuk hospital who have suffered from abortion where the agesranged between ( 16 - 45) years divided into three age groups first age group( 15 - 24) years & second age group( 25 - 34) years & third age group( 35 - 44) years. also the studyincluded (40) healthy persons at same age groups regarded as control groups1. Significant increase in the levels of (TF & PBF ) and Significantdecrease in the levels of (PBHex in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women2. Significant increase in thyroid hormone (T3) for the first & third age group, and there is no significant difference for the second age group in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women. Significant increase in thyroid hormone (T4) for the first & third age group, and Significant decrease for the second age group in aborted womencompared with non - pregnant women. Significant decrease for the first & third age group and Significant increase for the second age group in thyroid hormone (TSH) in aborted women compared withnon - pregnant women.3. Significant increase in Testosterone hormone level For all age Groups in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women And Significant decrease in progesterone hormone level For all age Groups in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women. 4. Significant increase in Prolactin level in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women.5. Significant decrease in( cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL) level in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women. 6. Significant increase in the levels of ( HDL ) for the first age group, and there is no significant difference for the second& third age group in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women.

تحضير وتشخيص معقدات بعض العناصر الانتقالية مع ليكاندات نتروجينية ودراسة فعاليتها الحيوية == Preparation And Identification Complexes of Some Transition Metales With Nitrogeneus Ligands And Study Its Biological Activity

Author name: علي ابراهيم علي بكر الجبوري
Supervisor name: نهلة عبد الحميد عبد الجبار
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمن البحث تحضير كاشفين جديدين هما الكاشف 3 - ((4,5 - diphenyl imidazole) diazenyl) benzene sulfonic acid ويرمز له (DPIDBSA) والكاشـــف2 - ((3 - methoxy phenyl) diazenyl) - 4,5 - diphenyl imidazole ويرمز له (MBDPI) وذلــــك من مفاعلة ملـح الديازونيـوم ل | This thesis included the preparation of the two new reagents 3 - ((4,5 - diphenyl imidazole) diazenyl) benzene sulfonic acid (DPIDBSA) and 2 - ((3 - methoxy phenyl) diazenyl) - 4,5 - diphenyl imidazole (MBDPI) by reacting adiazonium salt solution of (3 - aminobenzene sulfonic acid) and (3 - methoxyaniline) with (4,5 - diphenyl imidazole) in alkaline ethanoic Solution.The identity of these reagents have been characterized by spectral methods such as(UV - Vis) , FTIR , another physical properties (m.p.) and elemental analysis.The ionization constant of the reagent (DPIDBSA) was determine using spectroscopic method , the pKa was equal to 9.9.Six chelating complexes of the above reagents were synthesized with metal ions) Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+). The two wavelength of maximum absorption for the two reagents were found (422nm) and (416nm) respectively in ethanol and for the complexes formed between these ions with these reagents were found at (476, 492, 504nm) and (455, 458, 496nm) for cobalt(II) , nickel(II) and copper(II) respectively in aqueous medium.It has been prepared after fixing the optimum condition of concentration and acidity function, through the study of UV - Vis spectrum for reacting of metal solution and two reagents solution. For wide range of pH (5 - 11) and concentration which obey to Beer - Lambert Law.The structures were determine according to the mole ratio method and continuous variation method which is obtained from the spectroscopic studies of the complex solutions. The ratios of (metal : reagent) are equal to (1 : 2) for all the complexes ions.The stability of complexes in the solutions was also studied at the optimum conditions.Diagnosis the solid prepared complexes by UV - Vis spectrum in ethanol solution showed high chromic shift from as compared with free reagents in visible region to all the complexes prepared.Micro elemental analysis for all the complexes were prepared and the percentage of Co(II) and Cu(II) were determined , using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, it was noticed a great accord between theoretical and particle ratio.The infrared spectrum of chelating complexes also studied and it's compared with the two reagents spectrum. They give notice change with free two reagents spectrum. These showed new bands that were not found original in two reagents spectra but other bands have been changed in shape, in trinity and location. This may indicate that a coordination between the metal ions and the two reagents prepared.The Conductivity measurements for solutions at (1×10 - 3M) in ethanol solution have shown non - ionic character for all chelate complexes.From the above observations, it's suggested stereo shapes for complexes, that show the two reagents (DPIDBSA) and (MBDPI) behave as bidentit reagent, we can conclude that the proposed geometrical structure of all chelate complexes are octahedral.The study also included using spectrum method for determination stability constant of complexes in the thermal rang (25 - 45C?) for complexes with reagent (DPIDBSA) while the thermal rang was (10 - 30 C?) for complexes with reagent (MBDPI), and calculating ?G , ?H and ?S for complexes.The bacterial activity of the ligand and it's complexes were studied toward two type of bacteria : 1 - Pseudomonas. aurginosa 2 - StaphylloCoccus. aureusThe complex of Ni(II) with reagent (DPIDBSA) and the complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with reagent (MBDPI) and metal ions solution showed high bacterial activity on Pseudomonas. aurginosa while the solution of two reagents and all chelate complexes prepared also the aqueous solution of metal ions don't showed any activity toward the two type of bacteria (StaphylloCoccus. aureus) (G+ve).

دراسة كيميائية حياتية لانزيم اللاكتيت ديهايدروجنيز (LDH) ومتناظراته المنقاة جزئيا من ادرار المرضى المصابين باورام البروستات == Biochemical Studies of Lactate Dehydrogenase And Its Isoenzymes Partially Purified From Urine of Patients With Prostate Tumors

Author name: عمر علي كنوش الجبوري
Supervisor name: فراح غالي الصالحي | نزار احمد ناجي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الرسالة ثلاثة فصول. يحتوي الفصل الاول على مقدمة لنبذة تاريخية للمواد البلورية السائلة وصفاتها الفيزيائية وبعض الامثلة لتطبيقاتها,وكذلك الخصائص الثرموديناميكية للمزيج الثنائي والثلاثي للمركبات البلورية السائلة. وتحتوي المقدمة ايضا على شرح مختصر لتق | This thesis consisted of three chapters. First chapter contained an introduction to explain the historical view, physical properties, application and thermodynamic characterization of binary and tertiary system mixtures of liquid crystalline materials. Also it contained an introduction to Nanotechnology and nanosheets like graphene oxide and its functionalization and a summary about the dielectric permittivity and conductivity. The second chapter explained the experimental part including the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) and its functionalization and general synthesis procedure of eight liquid crystalline compounds, which were outlined as follows : 1. N1,N4 - Bis(4 - subst. - benzylidene) benzene - 1,4 - diamine [3a - d] 2. N4,N4? - Bis(4 - subst. - benylidene) biphenyl - 4,4' - diamine [5a,b] 3. 3,3' - dimethyl - N4,N4? - Bis(4 - subst. - benzylidene)biphenyl - 4,4' - diamine [7a,b] The binary mixtures were prepared from a non - polar compound N1,N4 - bis(4 - methylbenzylidene) benzene - 1,4 - diamine and N1,N4 - bis(4 - bromobenzylidene) benzene - 1,4 - diamine as polar compound. The tertiary mixtures were prepared by mixing the mole fraction of the eutectic point (60%A) mixture [D] from the binary system and considered as the first compound A, the second compound was 3,3' - dimethyl - N4,N4? - bis(4 - bromobenzylidene)biphenyl - 4,4' - diamine as compound B.The tertiary system mixture at (13%B) showed the lower eutectic point, each concentration of the eutectic points in the binary and tertiary systems was mixed with graphene oxide and graphene oxide functionalized with polyaniline. The third chapter described the characterization of the prepared GO nanosheets with different functional groups.These nanosheets were characterized with multiple techniques (FT - IR , X - ray diffraction, SEM and AFM). The prepared liquid crystalline compounds were characterized by using FT - IR infrared and the liquid crystalline properties of compounds [3a - d], [5a,b],[7a,b] , the binary, tertiary systems and the mixtures with graphene oxide (GO) and GO functionalized nanosheets were examined with hot - stage polarizing microscopy, at the concentrations of the eutectic points , measured the dielectric permittivity and conductivity ?ac at the concentrations of the eutectic points. The addition of the nanosheets caused lowering of the transition temperatures of eutectic points in the binary and tertiary systems. It is worth noting, that in the two mixtures was appeared a new unknown (enantiotropic smectic ) phase.

تاثـير بـعـض الـعوامل الـبـيـئـية عـلى نمـو الاحياء الدقيقة في بعض القاعات الانتاجية لمصنع ادوية سامراء == The Effect of Some Ecological Factors On The Growth of Microorganisms In Some Production Units In Sammara Drug Industry (SDI)

Author name: خالد محمد عباس
Supervisor name: حميد سلمان خميس المهداوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تم دراسة الظروف الطبيعية الموجودة في القاعات الانتاجية لمصنع ادوية سامراء من خلال العوامل البيئية التي شملت الحرارة، والرطوبة النسبية. وشدة الاضاءة واعداد حجم الدقائق العالقة في الهواء وتاثيرها على الاحياء المجهرية الموجودة في القاعات الانتاجية حيث تم اخذ | The natural environmental conditions existing in the production units of Sammara drug company have been studied. Environmental factors included, temperature, relative humidity, light intensity as well as number and size of suspended particles in the air. From December 2006 through June 2007. 87 sampling visit was made during which 384 swabs were collected from three production buildings : Ibn - Hayan, Ibn - Sina and Al - Zahrawy. Results showed that at different temperature levels during this study dominance of bacterial colony over fungal colony in two buildings Ibn - Hayan and Ibn - Sina, was observed, whereas the dominance of fungal colony over bacterial colony in Al - Zahrawy building was noticed. While the effect of relative humidity on microorganisms showed that in Ibn - Hayan building at low relative humidity (41 - 53%) the dominance of bacterial colony over fungal colony whereas the dominance of fungal colony on bacterial colony at relative humidity (53 - 62%). While in Ibn - Sina building bacterial colony dominante fungal colony except at high relative humidity (63 - 73%), where the fungal colony dominance. The same pattern have shown in Al - Zahrawy building at low relative humidity less than 51% while fungal colony exceeded bacterial colony at high relative Humidity. Result of the effect of light intensity showed that the low light intensity have greater effect on fungal colony than bacterial colony this clear in Ibn - Hayan and Ibn - Sina buildings whereas increases in light intensity showed the reverse while the low light intensity in Al - Zahrawy building shown different effects which the dominance of fungal colony over bacterial colony. This perhaps reflects the different species of fungal colony in production units.The effect of the number and the size of 0.3 micron of particulates on bacterial and fungal colony was also examined. It has been noticed that the dominance of bacterial colony over fungal colony until the number of particulates 49000/foot3 in Ibn - Hayan building, while fungal colony appeared in most swabs in Ibn - sina building, but dominancy for bacterial colony. While in Al - Zahrawy building the swabs showed clear appearance for fungal colony, but some swabs shown high bacterial growth. The effect of 0.5 micron particulates showed that the dominance of bacterial colony with increased number of particulates in Ibn - Hayan building. The same pattern was shown in Ibn - Sina building, while in Al - Zahrawy building it has been the dominances of bacterial colony until 15000/foot3, but with increase in number fungal colony appear very clear. The following bacteria and fungi were identified during the course of this study; Staphylococcus, E.coli and a low genera of fungi like Penicillium, Aspergillus, Mucor. It has been shown by the collected swabs that the contamination with bacteria and fungi of drug production units never exceeded the standard limits set by the company except in very rare occasions the high contamination rate occurred in the hands of workers and delivery boxes in Ibn - Sina building.

دراسة بعض الملوثات الصناعية وتاثيرها في الصفات التشريحية لبعض الانواع النباتية في قضاء سامراء == Study of Some Industrial Pollutants And Their Impact In The Anatomical Characteristics of Some Plant Species In Samarra

Author name: احمد يونس حمادي الكنعاني
Supervisor name: طالب عويد الخزرجي | ياسين محمد احمد الدليمي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant - Diseases
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: ان نمو النباتات في مواقع ملوثة قد يعرض صحة المستهلك للخطر سواء اكان انسان? او حيوان?، لذلك انجز هذا البحث لتقييم التلوث بالعناصر الثقيلة في مياه المخلفات الصناعية للحي الصناعي في مدينة سامراء وفي التربة والنباتات الواقعة على مجرى هذه المياه الجارية في ساق | The growth of plants in contaminated sites may expose consumers' health at risk, whether a human being or animal so accomplished this research to assess the pollution heavy elements in the waters of industrial waste of the neighborhood's industrial city of Samarra, in soil and plants located on the course of this running water in a stream length of 800 m even downstream Tigris River, as they are put waste industrial district as well as sewage water into the river is directly without treatment, as the study was to take part of the water and soil of that region as well as four types of plants that grow where is the tail of the seven, mint, sugar cane and corporal parents, study Some qualities Physical and chemical soil and water in addition to study some changes anatomical got to plants due to pollution, and that by dividing the study area into four zones as is the region (1) part near the industrial district and region (2) is located just 200 meters from the site of No. (1) towards the river, followed by site number (3), which is 200 m from the site of No. (2) The region (4) is located near the bank of the river and about 200 m from the site number (3) and samples were taken control of the West Bank of the Tigris River, was measurement of both pH and electrical conductivity and salinity in addition to measuring some heavy elements (iron, copper, cadmium) of soil and water, as well as the measured requirement vital for oxygen and the degree of turbidity of the water, also included the study to measure some heavy elements (iron, copper, cadmium) in plant and study the anatomical changes that occur due to the pollution produced by the launch of industrial waste. The results of the study that there is variation among study sites for each of the regions of the east bank of the river (the contaminated samples) and the West Bank of the river (the control) for most attributes Physical and chemical water and soil as well as for changes anatomical plants between contaminated samples and the control and in general has The results are within the limits permitted by the World Health Organization, the results indicate the high concentration of copper in the soil compared with iron and cadmium as the highest concentration has 10 ppm at the site (1), while the concentration of sample control 0.17 ppm The iron was higher focus him in the soil is 5.2 ppm in both locations (3) and (4), while the concentration of sample control 3.3 ppm The cadmium was the highest concentration has 0.43 ppm at the site (2), while the concentration of sample control 0.15 ppm and these concentrations are all not exceeding the allowable limit for the World Health Organization (for cadmium 1.5ppm of iron 120ppm copper 40ppm) respectively, and the results showed variation in pH between the soil and water for study sites on the one hand and sample control on the other hand, as shown soil samples to pH moderate among the four sites studied, where ranged pH between 7.26 - 6.33 The sample control was pH 8.64 As for water, the results showed basal water sites studied ranged pH between 6.8 to 5.8 which is comparable to Las pH for sample control 8.5, As for connectivity electrical has emerged variation between samples studied and sample control for soil and water and showed samples of soil and water at the site (2) the extent of the variation connectivity electrical them at the sites (3, 2, 1) and which are all higher than in the sample control, with varied degrees connectivity for soil samples between 14, 200 - 2860 Maekerosemins / cm The sample control 2300 Maekerosemins / cm The degree connectivity for water samples 2810 - 2450 Maekerosemins / cm The sample control of water was connectivity 1457 Maekerosemins / cm, for salinity, the results showed an increase in salinity of soil samples and water compared to a sample control ranged salinity in the soil between 8.92 - 1.79 g / l, while a control sample was salinity 1.438 g / l The salinity in the water was between 1.759 - 1.532 g / l The control sample was 0.907 g / l The results showed that the sample at the site (2) the degree of salinity have is higher than the rest of the other samples in soil and water. Results showed high copper for iron in the water was the highest percentage of copper in the signatories (4), (3) 0.05ppm The sample control has, (2.1) compared to a control sample, where he was between 55 - 20 mg / L, while a control sample 3.8 mg / liter, while for water Ekorh has ranged between four samples where Ekorh was water between 12.36 - 2.97 naphthalene The control sample was Ekorh water 2.1 Naphthalene. The results showed that the concentration of iron was high in most plants for copper and cadmium, as was the highest concentration of iron in the plant reeds 24 ppm as was assembled in the root zone of the plant which is within the limits permitted by the World Health Organization while the highest concentration of iron in the area of control of the plant reed it reached 17.5 ppm as it was assembled in the root also Copper was the highest concentration in the plant sergeant cock 0.89 ppm as it was assembled in the root while the focus was in control very few samples The cadmium is 0.1 ppm in all plants is within the allowable limits by the World Health Organization, while in the side anatomical has emerged is a difference between the samples studied and samples of control, as happened increase in the dimensions of the vascular bundles of the leg, as well as an increase in the thickness of the crust in the samples studied compared a sample of control as well as an increase in the thickness of the tissue foundation and a decrease in the number of packets Vascular plant roots as well as increase the thickness of the securities, an increase of pollution in the studied plants compared to a control sample..

دراسة بكتريولوجية لاخماج المسالك البولية للنساء الحوامل والمصابات بارتفاع ضغط الدم وداء السكري في منطقة تكريت == Bacteriological Study of Urinary Tract Infections Among Pregnant, Hypertensive, And Diabetic Women In Tikrit Region

Author name: اسراء عز الدين ابراهيم
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم فتاح عمر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: النساء المتزوجات والحوامل والنساء المصابات بداء السكري وضغط الدم المرتفع ومدى مقاومتها للمضادات الحيوية لقد اشتملت الدراسة على 411 عينة ادرار من المريضات المراجعات لمستشفى تكريت التعليمي و100 عينة ادرار كمجموعة ضابطة للفترة من تشرين الثاني2008 ولغاية ايلو | This study aimed to isolate and identify the bacterial causative agents of urinary tract infections among married, pregnant, diabetic and hypertensive women and to determine the susceptibility of isolated bacteria to different antibiotics. The study included 411 urine samples for women attended to Tikrit Teaching Hospital, besides 100 urine samples used as a control group. The study carried out for the period from November 2008 to September 2009.E. coli was the most isolated bacteria at the rate of 31.8 % from married women followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus 18.18 % and Staphylococcus aureus 15.90%. In the pregnant women, S. saprophyticus was the most isolated bacteria 48.10 % followed by E. coli 20.25 % and S. aureus 12.65 %, and in the diabetic women, S. saprophyticus was the common isolated bacteria 32.07 % followed by E. coli 28.30 % and S. epidermidis 15.09 %. In the hypertensive women, S. saprophyticus 30.35% was the common isolated bacteria followed by E. coli 25.0% and S. aureus 19.64 %. In the case of diabetic pregnant women, and in the hypertensive pregnants S. saprophyticus was the most isolated bacteria, (80 % and 75 % respectively), while E. coli 44.4% was the common isolated bacteria among the diabetic hypertensive women. Out of all isolates, S. saprophyticus 35.13 % came in the first rank followed by E. coli 26.64% and S. aureus 12.74% while Klebsiella oxytoca and Serratia odorifera (0.38% for each of them) were the lowest isolates. Urinary tract infection was common among urban patients 57.49%.The isolated bacteria showed different susceptibility to the antibiotics used in this study. S. saprophyticus isolates showed high sensitivity to Amikacin, Nitrofuratoin and Cefolaxime (the resistance rate for these antibiotics were 11 %, 12.1 % and 12.1 % respectively). While these isolates showed high resistance to Streptomycin 76.9 %, Nalidixic acid 67 % and Cephalexin 69.29 %. E. coli isolates showed low resistance rate to Amikacin 9.28 %, Ciprofloxacin 10.1 %, whereas showed high resistance rate to Cephalexin 47. %, Streptomycin 84 % and Ampicillin 82.6 %. The isolates of S. aureus showed low resistance to Ciprofloxacin 18.2 %, Carbencillin 18.2 % and Amikacin 15.2 % and high resistance for Ampicillin 18.8 %, Nalidixic acid 75.8 % and Cephalexin 72.79 %. Other isolated bacteria showed a different percentages of susceptibility to antibiotics Serratia odorifera, Proteus vulgaris and Enterococcus faecalis showed a significant resistance to antibiotics, while S. epidermidis isolates showed low percentages of resistance to Ciprofloxacin 9.1 %, Amikacin 18.2 % and Gentamicin 9.1 %. For S. saprophyticus the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) resulted from Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin and Cefotaxime were 8 - 32, 8 - 64 and 4 - 8 ?g/ml, and for E. coli the MIC results were 2, 8 - 16 and 16 - 64 ?g/ml. The MIC results were 2 - 8, 8 - 128, 32 - 256 ?g/ml for S. aureus, while the MIC results were 8 - 32, 16 - 64 and 16 - 128 ?g/ml for Klebsiella pneumoniae.

دراسة تاثير المستخلص المائي لنبات الحناء Lawsonia inermis كمضاد للاكسدة في ذكور الجرذان البيض المعرضة للاجهاد التاكسدي == A Study Effect of Henna Aqueous Extract Lawsonia Inermis As Antioxidant In Exposed Oxidative Stress White Male Rats

Author name: سعدية جمال قادر السامرائي
Supervisor name: صالح محمد رحيم العبيدي | منيف صعب احمد ساجت الجنابي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: صممت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة تاثير المستخلص المائي لنبات الحناء Lawsonia inermis كمضاد اكسدة في ذكور الجرذان البيض المعرضة للاجهاد التاكسدي المستحدث ببيروكسيد الهيدروجين مع ماء الشرب طيلة مدة التجربة البالغة 30 يوما، بالاضافة الى فيتامين C المعروف كمضاد قوي لل | The study was examined the effect of aqueous extract of the Lawsonia inermis antioxidant in Albino male rats which exposed to oxidative stress induced hydrogen peroxide with drinking water for the duration of the experiment of (30 days), compared with vitamin C, known as strong anti - oxidant.1. The results showed that hydrogen peroxide led to a high moral (p <0.05) in the level of Glucose and Cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG) and low lipoproteins - lying density cholesterol (LDL - C) and lipoproteins low - lying density cholesterol is very (VLDL - C) and evidence Atherosclerosis, phospholipids and Malondialdehyde (MDA) peroxynitrite radical (ONOO - ) , Urea and Total count of white blood cells (WBCs), as well as significant decrease at the level (p <0.05) in the level of high - density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL - C) and the level of, Glutathione (GSH), and Ceruloplasmin (CP), Uric acid, Albumin, serum Creatinine in the blood of Albino male rats exposed to oxidative stress.2. Resulted in treatment of male rats, eggs exposed to stress oxidative vitamin C (concentration of 250 mg \ kg of body weight) to a significant decrease (P ? 0.05) compared with the group treated with H2O2 only in the total count of white blood cells and the level of glucose, cholesterol, Triglerids and lipoproteins and low density cholesterol and very low - lying density of cholesterol and signs Atherosclerosis and Phospholipids, Urea, and the Malondayaldehid Peroxynitrite radical, while the moral high concentrations in high - density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid, Albumin, Creatinine, and, Glutathione and Ceruloplasmin.3. As well the treatment of animals exposed to stress oxidative Palmstkhals water plant henna to a significant decrease compared with the group treated with H2O2 only in the total number of white blood cells(WBCs) and concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein choesterol LDL - C, and low density is very VLDL - C, phospholipids, levels of evidence Altasd, Urea, and the Malondayaldehid MDA and Peroxynitrite radical, (ONOO - ) while the moral high concentrations in high - density lipoprotein choesterol, HDL - C, Uric acid, Albumin, and, Glutathione and Ceruloplasmin.4. That the treatment of Albino male rats group water plant henna led to a significant decrease in the concentration of Malondayaldehid Peroxynitrite radical (ONOO - ) compared with the control group, while did not show significant difference (P> 0.05) in the concentrations of Glucose, total cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), lipoprotein, high - density cholesterol lipoprotein HDL - C, and low density cholesterol lipoprotein LDL - C, and low density cholesterol is very VLDL - C, phospholipids, Atherogenic indices levels I, II and III, Uric acid, Creatinine, Albumin, Ceruloplasmin, Urea, peroxynitrite radical and total (WBCs) number of white blood cells compared with control group. It is clear from the current study that aqueous extract of henna, vitamin C role of great importance to reduce the emergence and development of atherosclerosis induced proxaid hydrogen as anti - oxidation which removal of free radicals, and contain the extracted compounds in particular have an impact on physiological and biochemical events occurring in the body and without side effects makes it possible to make use of the prevention and treatment of many different conditions, which may reflect the preventive role of this extract against free radicals.

دراسة وبائية لاميبا النسج في مدينة كركوك وعلاقته بالجذور الحرة في مصل دم المصابين == Epidemiological Study On Entamoeba Histolytica In Kirkuk City And Its Relationship With Free Radicals In Blood Serum of Infected Persons

Author name: ليما طارق يواش لازار
Supervisor name: شهاب احمد محمد الجبوري | محمد عبد العزيز قادر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية فحص 600 عينة غائط للمرضى المراجعين لمستشفى الاطفال في مدينة كركوك للفترة من 1/12/2010 الى 17/7/2011 للتحري عن طفيلي Entamoeba histolytica.تم فحص عينات الغائط بطريقة المسحة المباشر باستخدام المجهر الضوئي للكشف عن الاطوار المتغذية وال | The present study includes the examination of stool sample of patients attended pediatric hospital in Kirkuk city for period from 1st of December till 17th July 2011 for detection of Entamoeba histolytica.The stool samples were examined by direct wet mount method, using light microscope for detection of trophozoites and cysts stages of parasite. The study showed that the rate of infection with E. histolytica / E. dispar was 21.67% (130 of 600). The cystic stages were dominant in infected stool samples which being 53.85% (70 of 130), while the trophozoite stage was 15.38 % (20 of 130). The epidemiological survey based on direct stool examination showed the rate of infection among females was 23.07% (60 of 260) in comparison with males 20.59% (70 of 340). The highest rate of infection was among the age group 1 - 5 years 25.5% (69 of 270). The highest rate was also in children of illiterate parents 26.1% (68 of 260). The biochemical tests were carried out to estimate serum cholesterol, triglycerides, GOT, GPT, malondialdehyde (MDA) and selenium. The study showed that the level of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, GOT, GPT, malondialdehyde increased in infected patients in comparison with healthy controls, while the study showed decreased selenium concentration in infected patients in comparison with healthy controls. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was done to estimate serum IgG level for Entamoeba histolytica, the rate of seropositivity for IgG was 21.68% (18 of 83). The rate of IgG in positive sample was 17.73% (7 of 41) while in negative sample was 26.19% (11 of 42).

دراسة عدد من المتغيرات الفسلجية والمناعية لدى النساء المصابات بالتهاب السبيل البولي في مدينة تكريت == Study Some of Physiological And Immunological Parameters In Women With Urinary Tract Infections In Tikrit City

Author name: لبنى عبد الجبار ياسين
Supervisor name: موسى جاسم محمد الحميش
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: ان الهدف الرئيس لهذه الدراسة هو معرفة علاقة الانترلوكينات(IL - 2, IL - 4, IL - 6) ببعض الهرمونات لدى النساء المصابات بالتهاب السبيل البولي.تضمنت هذه الدراسة 116عينة دم من النساء المراجعات للعيادات الخارجية التابعة لمستشفى تكريت التعليمي اللواتي تترواحت اع | The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship of Interleukines (IL - 2, IL - 4, and IL - 6) with hormones in women with inflammation of the urinary tract. This study involved (116) women visiting outpatient clinic of Tikrit Teaching Hospital for the period from September 2011 until February 2012. The ages of women were 16 - 50 years, and blood samples were taken for each of these women for the purpose of determining the levels of sex hormones (FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone) and the levels Interleukines (IL - 6, IL - 4, IL - 2) and identify some of the variables blood parameters (WBC, ESR) and C - reactive protein Twenty samples were taken from the blood of women who are not infected and non - pregnant as a control group samples. The patients divided into three groups, which included non - pregnant women infected and pregnant women who are infected and pregnant non - infected urinary tract (UTI) also samples of the study was divided by periods of gestation into three periods included the first period (1 - 12 weeks) and the second period (12 - 24 weeks) and the third period (24 - 40 weeks) of pregnancy The results of the current study showed that there is significant increase in ESR for a pregnant women infected and pregnant women non - effected with UTI when compared to control (P ? 0.01) and highest level of ESR was in the last third of pregnancy, The total Count of white blood cells (WBC), results showed a significant difference between the three groups compared to the control group, had the highest level for (WBC) in the last third of pregnancy. As for the study of hormones when measuring the level of the hormone LH showed a significant decrease (P ? 0.05) for the three groups compared to control and the steepest decline of hormone level was in the last third of pregnancy. The hormone FSH got a significant decrease in the three groups compared with a control (P ? 0.01), lowest level was in the third trimester of pregnancy.Estrogen level showed a significant decrease (P ? 0.01) for a non pregnant women with UTI compared with a control, and show a significant increase in the level of the two sets of hormone - positive pregnant non - infected, and the highest increase was in last third of Pregnancy in both groups. The progesterone showed a significant increase in the level of the pregnant infected and pregnant non - infected (P ? 0.01) compared with a control group. While in non - pregnant, there is no significant difference. The testosterone level increased significantly (P ? 0.05) in the three groups compared to control group. the level Interleukines, Tests showed that a significant increase(p ? 0.01) in the level of interleukin - 2 (IL - 2) for a pregnant women with (UTI) compared with a control and a significant decrease in the last third of pregnancy in pregnant women which is non infected compared to the rest of the gestation periods, and for the level of interleukin - 4 The present study showed a significant increase (p ? 0.01) in the level of interleukin - 4 (IL - 4) for a non - pregnant women with (UTI) compared with a controlThe highest level reached by IL - 4 was in the last third of pregnancy in the non - infected at (p ? 0.05), interleukin - 6 has a significant decrease for the two sets of pregnant women with (UTI) and non - infected, compared with the control group and the absence of significant differences between the two sets of pregnant women infected and non - infectedRegarding level of C - reactive protein there is a significant increase (P ? 0.01) in the two groups of pregnant and non pregnant women compared with a control, and significant differences between control group and a group of pregnant non - infected.

دراسة وبائية على طفيلي المشعرات المهبلية Trichomonas vaginalis وبعض الجراثيم المسببة للامراض المنقولة جنسيا وتاثير بعض المستخلصات النباتــيـــــة على نمو الطفيلي في الزجاج في مدينة كركوك == Epidemiological Study On Trichomonas Vaginalis & Some Associated Bacteria That Causing Sexual Transmitted Diseases & Effect of Some Herbal Extraction On The Parasite In Vitro In Kirkuk City

Author name: محسن عز الدين سليمان
Supervisor name: ابراهيم شعبان داوود | محمد عبد العزيز قادر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: بلغ العدد الكلي للعينات التي جمعت وفحصت للفترة من بداية شهر تموز 2007 الى نهاية شهر مايس 2008 (2345) عينة لكلا الجنسين مــن مستشفيات كركوك للتحري عن وبائية طفيلي المشــــــعرات المهبليـــــــــة Trichomonas vaginalis وبعض الجراثيم المسببة للامراض المنقو | A total (2345) specimens were collected & examined from both sexes, from the beginning of July 2007 till the end of May 2008 attending Kirkuk hospitals for epidemiological study of Trichomonas vaginalis & some sexual transmitted microorganisms. The vaginal examinations were done by gynecologist, two high vaginal swabs were taken from (250) women & a cervical swab from some women with vaginal discharge. General urine examination & blood group with Rh factor were performed for each woman with vaginal discharge. Direct microscopic examination, staining & culture of swabs were performed on different methods for diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis, followed to diagnose Candida albicans, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis & Treponema pallidum as well as some other bacterial groups. The rate of Trichomonas vaginalis was (2.8%) & Neisseria gonorrhoeae (0.8%), while no Chlamydia trachomatis & Treponema pallidum recorded in this study. The highest rate of Trichomonas vaginalis was among the age group between 15 - 29 years (3.6%), the rate of Trichomonas vaginalis infection was higher among illiterate (5.7%) than educated ones. The highest rate of Trichomonas vaginalis was recorded among those with blood group O & Rh (+ve) (3.8%). The same result was found regarding other microorganisms in both sexes. Statistically the results were not significant.The rate of infections in females was higher than males in all infection except Neisseria gonorrhoeae was recorded highest rate in males(35%). The percentage of mixed infections with Trichomonas vaginalis was Candida albicans (1.6%) & B - hemolytic streptococcus (0.4%). The maximum infections rate in vaginal swabs were Staphylococcus aureus (42.3%) & lowest rate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2%). Regarding the distribution of microorganisms isolated from urine samples of females suffering from vaginal discharges, the highest rate of infection was Eschirechia coli (22.2%) & lowest rate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2%) respectively. The rate of isolated microorganisms from urethral discharge of males were Neisseria gonorrhoeae (35%) & Escherichia coli (5%). Antibiotics Ciprofloxacin & Amikacin showed good inhibition activity against all pathogenic microorganisms. Regarding the effect of different concentration of metronidazole & medical herbs to the Trichomonas vaginalis invitro, metronidazole showed clear effective inhibition at concentration (1.25%) during 24 hours. The inhibitory effect of Zea mays (both alcoholic & watery extractions) was greater than Apium graveolens & Foeniculum vulgare. At concentration (2.5% & 5%) of Zea mays in both extractions was almost identical to metronidazole. Six solvents were used by thin layer chromatography (TLC) in order to separate alcoholic & watery extraction of medical herbs, only three of them A, B & F gave good results in separating herbal extraction with differing in its component. By measuring relative flow rate (Rƒ) of all compounds that separated and determind. The chemical compounds of each herbal extract were established & included alkaloids, flavonieds, amines, pigments, oils, carbohydrates, phenols, purines & tanines.

تقييم استخدام الانترليوكينات في تشخيص تسمم الدم الجرثومي لدى الاطفال حديثي الولادة في تكريت == Evaluation Uses The Interleukines For Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis In Tikrit

Author name: هبة حازم صالح
Supervisor name: موسى جاسم محمد الحميش | عاشور رفعت سرحت
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: ان الهدف الرئيس لهذه الدراسة هواستخدام الانترلوكيناتInterleukin - 8, Interleukin - 10 (IL - 8, IL - 10) كعلامة تشخيصية للتسمم الدموي الجرثومي لدى حديثي الولادة. تضمنت الدراسة 45 عينة دم من الاطفال حديثي الولادة الراقدين في ردهة الاطفال في مستشفى تكريت الت | The main aim of this study was uses the Interleukines IL - 8 and IL - 10 as diagnosis marker for neonatal sepsis. This study involved 45 blood samples, were taken from neonates admitted to the pediatrics - neonatal wards at Tikrit Teaching Hospital who were clinically diagnosed as sepsis for the period from September 2011 until March 2012. The ages of neonates were 1 - 30day, and this blood samples were taken for the purpose of determining the levels Interleukines IL - 8 and IL - 10 and identify (WBC and C - reactive protein). Seventeen samples were taken from the blood of neonates without of septicemia as a control group samples. The results of the current study showed non significant differences in total white blood cells count for patients with sepsis when compared with a control group. and showed non significant differences in total white blood cells count for patients with sepsis as gestation birth, sex and birth weight compared to the control group. Regarding level of C - reactive protein there was no significant differences between the control group and the patients with sepsis as gestation birth and sex. and showed a significant differences in C - reactive protein level for patients compared to the control group as birth weight. The Interleukine levels showed that a significant increase in the level of interleukin - 8 (IL - 8) for all patients mals and femals, preterm or full - term and who there weight < 2.5 or >2.5kg compared with a control group. this results showed that the relationship between IL - 8 and WBCs was not significant differences at (p<0.05). and for the level of interleukin - 10 the present study showed a significant increase for patients with sepsis as gestation birth, sex and birth weight compared to the control group, the relationship between IL - 10 and WBCs was not significant differences at(p<0.05). The relationship between IL - 1o, IL - 8 and WBCs was not significant differences. when comparison The results as end result for sepsis show is the absence of significant differences (p<0.05) for patients who became good and who had complications compared with the control group. At last, the study concluded that the Interleukines IL - 8 and IL - 10 levels increase in early time for Inflammation ;So its agood diagnosis marker for neonatal sepsis.

عزل وتشخيص بعض انواع الجراثيم المسببة لالتهابات الزائدة الدودية في مدينة تكريت == Isolation And Identification of Some Baceterial Speices Which Caused Appendices Infections In Tikrit City

Author name: عبد عبد الله محمد الجبوري
Supervisor name: اميرة محمود محمد الراوي | علي صالح حسين الجبوري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة جمع 75 عينة من الزائدة الدودية (Appendices) مباشرة بعد استئصالها من المرضى الراقدين في مستشفى تكريت التعليمي ومن كلا الجنسين، الذين خضعوا لعملية استئصالها وللمدة من اب عام 2008 ولغاية نيسان 2009. عزلت الجراثيم من العينات باستخدام الاوساط الز

تاثير اضافة عناصر الكالسيوم والمغنيسيوم والحديد الى الوسط الغذائي في حياتية خنفساء الطحين الصدئية Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Tenebrionidaci) Coleoptera : ) == Effect of Calcium, Magnisium And Iron Elements With Various Nutreint Sources On Biology of Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst) Tenebrionidaci) Coleoptera : )

Author name: حوراء ياسين احمد عبد
Supervisor name: برهان مصطفى محمد الدليمي | عواد شعبان داود الناصري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة اختبار تاثير اضافة ثلاثة عناصرمعدنية الكالسيوم (Ca) المغنيسيوم (Mg) الحديد (Fe) في سطين غذائيين (الطحين والجريش) لصنفين من الحنطة (ابو غريب والعز) في حياتية خنفساء الطحين الصدئية الحمراء Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). اذ استخدمت العناصر بترا | This study includes testing the effect of addition of three elements (Ca, Mg, Fe) in flour and crushed partially debranned wheat for two kinds of wheat : Abu - ghareeb and Al - is in the life of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst).using the elements under different concentrations (0.01 - 0.03 - 0.05) g.to know their effects in Tribolium inculuding : (the number of eggs, period of incubation eggs, number of Larvers, number of pupal, number of external insect, new generation) after adding to nutreint base for the two kinds of wheat.This experiement must be in dark incubation at 35±2°C & relative humidity 75±5% during one generation the result show most important role of nutreint element in life of insect (the number eggs, period incubation eggs, number of Larvers, number of pupal, number of external insect, new generation). on side of period incubation eggs period generation there is not any mentioned effect and the most meaningful one is in kind of Al - Is comperad with Abu - ghareeb. It is noticed the maxi effect for Calisum element.It achieved the highest level in : (the number eggs, period incubation eggs, number of Larvae, number of pupal, number of external insect, new generation) to ratio of flour kind of Al - Is and achieved maxi number : (the number eggs, period incubation eggs, number of Larvers, number of pupal, number of external insect, new generation)in concentration (0.05)g.while the highest in ratio of generation agents in (Fluorine)element ratio(76.2) under concentration (0.03)g, it achieved the less ratio in the dead insect kind of Abu - ghareeb7s the highest in average number eggs, number of larvers for calisum element.while the highest value in average number of pupal, number of external insect, new generation to (Magnasium) element it is achieved the highest in number of eggs, number of Larvers, number of pupal, number of external insect, in concentration (0.05)g and the higher of average ratio new generation is (66) and the higher ratio new generation (79.3) is concentarte (0.03)g.It is noticed the relationship between nutreint element and life of insect is parallel, that is, concentrates increased, number of growing also increased except (Fluorine) element the relation is inversion. on side of crushed partially debranned wheat the effect is more meaningful in kind of Abu - ghareeb than in Al - Iz.Calicum element shows acceptable results, it appeared the higher in : (the number eggs, , number of Larvers, number of pupal, number of external insect) in Abu - ghareeb and new generation in Al - Iz. In the test of the effect of nutreint element agents in life of this insect according to the nutril base for both kinds.the result show that nutrient base of flour is more effective than the nutrient base crushed bartially debranned whaet in all steps of insect life for both kindc in flour maxi In flour maxi number in new generation about (62.5)g and the main ratio of new generation in crushed partially debranned wheat (36.3) for Abu - ghareeb kind (6.7)in flour. (61.1) crushed partially debranned wheat For Al - Is which shown the same features of the results of the effect in nutrient base without adding any elements to its life of insect

تاثير استخدام عقار الكلوميفين ستريت والقهوة العربية وفيتامين E على بعض المعايير الفسلجية والكيموحيوية والنسجية في الارانب البيض المعرضة للاجهاد التاكسدي ببيروكسيد الهيدروجين == Effect of Clomiphene Citrate, Coffea Arabica And Vitamin E Use On Some Biochemical, Physiological And Histological Parameters In Albino Rabbits Exposed To Oxidative Stress Induced By Hydrogen Peroxidase

Author name: اسماء خالد مطني محمد
Supervisor name: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تم في هذه الدراسة اختبار فعالية عقار الكلوميفين ستريت Clomiphene citrate والتحري عن تاثيراته في نسيج الرحم والخصى وكذلك الهرمونات الجنسية والتكاثرية Follicular Stimulating Hormone(FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) , Prolactin, Estrogen, Testosterone, Progest | This study includes the effect of clomiphene citrate drug in uterus and testes tissue and sex, reproduction hormone (Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Prolactin (PRL), estrogen, progesterone, testosterone) and in Some Biochemical and Physiological Parameters as : WBCs counts, glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), High density lipoproteins - cholesterol (HDL - C), Low density lipoprotein - cholesterol (LDL - C), Very low density lipoproteins - cholesterol (VLDL - C), Total protein, albumin, globulin, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in males and females Albino rabbits sera which have oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) for (20) days, compare with the control rabbits.The study involud : - comparison the effects of vitamin E effects and (100mg\kg) body weight of arabica coffea.The animals distributed and randomly divided to(8) groups (each group included 8 rabbits : 4 males+ 4 females) as follow : control group, Hydrogen peroxide (0.05) group, (2mg\kg of B.W) clomiphene citrate (c.c.) group, (2mg\kg of B.W) clomiphene citrate group, (500mg\kg of B.W) vitamin E+(10mg\kg of B.W) clomiphene citrate, (100mg\kg of B.W) Arabica coffea group, Hydrogen peroxide (0.05) +(100mg\kg of B.W) Arabica coffea group and (10mg\kg of B.W)(c.c.) +(100mg\kg of B.W) Arabica coffea group. The results revealed : - 1 - The treatment of males and females of Animal by clomiphene citrate (2 and 4 mg\kg of B.W) cased significant increase at leve (P? 0.05) in concentration of the FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone hormone, and Glucose, Triglycerides, Globulin, LDL - C, VLDL - C and Glutathione in both male and female compare with the control group, while the same treatment caused increase the concentrations of Testosterone and Prolactin for males, whereas in females the treatment showed increase in Testosterone and Prolactin concentrations Compare with the control. Also the treatment caused decrease Albumin concentration in male and no significant (P? 0.05) changes had been showed in the female s. Respect to total protein, WBCs count there were no significant variation (P?0.05) had been recorded for both sexes compare with the control group. So the result showed Significant increase (P? 0.05) in HDL - C in male only compare with the control group. 2 - The induced oxidative stress caused significant increase at level (P?0.05) WBCs count, Glucose, Total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL - C, LDL - C, MDA concentrations for both sexes compare with the control group.While there were no significant variation had been recorded in Albumin and Prolactin concentrations in Females and total protein concentrations for both sexes compare with the control group in another hand there were significant increase (P<0.05) in concentrations of HDL - C, Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Glutathione, Progesterone, Testosterone, Estrogen, FSH, and LH of male compare with the control group.3 - The treatment of Rabbits (male and female) with (100mg\kg of B.W) Arabica coffea revealed significant decrease (p ?0.05) in concentration of FSH, LH, estrogen, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL - C for both sexes, and PRL, testosterone , glutathione and albumen in concentrations for male compared with the control group while there treatment. 4 - Treatment males and females albino rabbits by high dose vitamin E caused significant decrease in concentration of FSH, estrogen, total cholesterol, Triglycerides and Globulin for both sexes, compared with the control group, Whereas caused also a significant decrease in concentrations LH, PRL, testosterone in male, and caused a significant decrease in concentration HDL - C in female. Whereas caused also significant increase in concentration of the glucose, MDA, glutathione and the total number of white blood cells for about sexes, and caused also significant increase in concentration of the hormones PLR, testosterone in female only. Whereas caused also a significant decrease in concentrations of HDL - C, LDL - C and VLDL - C in male, whereas no significant variation in concentration of total protein, albumin for both sexes, and in concentration of LDL - C and VLDL - C in female compared with the control group.5 - Treatment males and females albino rabbits by high dose vitamin E, clomiphene citrate, Arabica coffea and H2O2 (0.5%) showed important histological changes in testes and uterus compared with the control group. Treatment males by clomiphene citrate caused significant increase (P<0.05) in sertoli cells, Leydig cells, spermatids and Spermatogonia in male, whereas in uterus tissue treatment caused significant increase in granular cells, hypertrophy smooth muscular and increase cytoplasm size compared with the control group.6 - Treatment by high dose vitamin E and Arabica coffea caused damage in somniferous tubules decrease in sertoli cells, Leydig cells, spermatids and spermatogonia in male, whereas in uterus tissue treatment caused effected uterus gland and loss of normal form and the incident of degeneration, necrosis in the surrounding cells and decrease in vassals blood compared with the control group.The present study showing that to drug clomiphene citrate play an important role to activation the oogenesis and spermatogenesis through stimulating gonadotrophic Hormones(FSH, LH). Also the study showed the role of coffea arabica to induce the infertility through it's impact on the thyroid gland which responsible for the oogenesis and spermatogenesis.the result also showed that the high dose vitamin E working on the accumulation of free radical causing oxidative stress damaging body.

التحري عن فيروس التهاب الكبد نمط B باستخدام تقنيات ELISA وReal Time PCR في دم ولعاب المرضى في محافظة الانبار == Detection of Hepatitis B Virus By Using Elisa And Real Time PCR Techniques In Patients' Blood And Saliva In Al - Anbar Governorate

Author name: ثائر عبد الله حسن الدليمي
Supervisor name: امين سليمان بدوي الجنابي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة في مختبرات قسم علوم الحياة في كلية التربية وفي مختبرات مستشفى الرمادي التعليمي العام ومستشفى الرمادي للنسائية والاطفال ومختبرات النظائر المشعة في بغداد للفترة من 1/11/2011 ولغاية 1/5/2012 والتي تضمنت التحري عن فيروس التهاب الكبد نمط B في | The present study has been carried out at the laboratories of the department of biology at the college of Education and the laboratories of the public - teaching Al - Ramadi hospital and Al - Ramadi hospital for women and children and laboratories of Al - Nathaer Al - Mushe'ah in Baghdad for the period from 1/11/2011 to 1/5/2012. The study consisted of the investigation about Hepatitis B virus in the saliva as compared with serum by using the ELISA and Real Time PCR techniques as well as the detection about antigens and antibody to this virus in serum. It also seeks about the liver functions enzymes and evaluating the extent of its importance for diagnosing liver disease resulted that virus. However, the obtained results showed that HBsAg antigen was found in 99.4% and (1.101± 0.335) mean ±SD in serum as compared with 48.6% in saliva with a (0.330±0.278) mean ±SD, that gave a noticeable increase when comparing it with the control group which was (0.0039± 0.0024) and (0.0017±0.0014 ) for serum and saliva respectively. The value of T test for serum and control group was (16.25) , while the value of T test for saliva and control group was (4.18). The proportion of correlation between saliva and serum in ELISA test was equal to (0.361) with high significance of test while the value of T test for them was (28.902) with high significance of test. The results have also stated that the age groups involved in the experiment contributed as being high proportion of infection in the serum, but in the saliva, these proportions were different and it has been found that the high proportion of infection was 53.3% in the group (10 - 20) yrs., While the lowest proportion was 38.4% in the (31 - 40) yrs. Moreover, it has been concluded that the number of males exceeded the number of females, but the number of females was the most infected with HBsAg in the experiment group. However, the total number of males was 91, It was found that 90 males have positive test to the HBsAg in serum with a proportion equals 98.9% whiles 42 males have a positive test to the HBsAg in saliva with a proportion equals 46.1%. on contrary, the number of female was 84 female and all of them had a positive test to the HBsAg in serum with a proportion 100% and 43 females have a positive test to the HBsAg in the saliva with 51.1 % as compared with control group which included 15 males and 10 female. All of them were negative to the HBsAg test in serum and saliva... The levels of HBV DNA were determined in the samples of positive saliva to ELISA test by using Real Time PCR. 95% from tested serum samples were positive to the viral load While in saliva 50% from the samples was HBV DNA positive. The results also showed that soluble antigen HBeAg has been detected in 24 patients with 13.7% from a total 175 patient as compared with the control group that showed a negative result to this antigen. As for the antibodies, it has been found that anti - HBc IgM was found in only 5 patients with 2.5% while anti - HBc IgG was found in 170 patients with 97.2% from the total number of patients. The control group revealed negative result for these two antibodies. The anti - HBeAg was in 150 patients with 85.7% from the total number of patients. There were no positive patients to this antibody in control group. The anti - HBs wasn’t found in any patient but it was found in the half of control group. This emphasizes to immunize against HBV in those members. The results also exposed that there was a noticeable increase in liver enzymes that it was found that ALT the elevated levels of were found in 76% of patients. As compared with the control group which has normal values 100%. As for AST enzyme was elevated in 60.6%, As compared with the control group which was normal 100%.It has been observed that ALP enzyme was elevated with a 38.4% in the experiment patients as compared with the control group which was normal 100%. Finally, the total values of TSB was elevated in 35.5%, As compared with control group which was normal 100% with (0.52±0.19). Nevertheless, it has been noticed that it cannot be judged about the person's blood on the basis that it is healthy in case of absence of surface antigen unless it is certain that his/her blood is free from HBV DNA by using the technique of Real Time PCR - since many patients who heal from past infection or their infection in a time of passive and amounts of HBV DNA can't be diagnosed by using the ELISA technique

اثر بعض المستخلصات النباتية في سمية مبيد الديازينون ضد يرقات وكاملات خنفساء الطحين الصدئية الحمراء Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) == The Effect of Some of Extracts of The Plants With Disinfectant Against The Larva And Pillars of Red Flour Beetles Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst)

Author name: توركان احمد حمد حسن
Supervisor name: برهان مصطفى محمد الدليمي | عواد شعبان داود الناصري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اشتملت الدراسة الحالية على دراسة التاثير السمي للمستخلص الايثانولي والمائي لثلاثة نباتات وهي : الزعتر Thymus vugarisوالشيح Artemisia herba alba والنعناع البستاني mentha piperita اذ استخدمت مستخلصات الاوراق لكل نبات واختبرت سبعة تراكيز لكل مستخلص (10000,

تاثيـر المستخلص الكحولي لاوراق نبات ذيـل العقرب Heliotropium europium وفيتامينC في بعض الجوانب الفسلجية والكيموحيوية لذكور الجرذان المعرضة للكرب التاكسدي == Effect of Heliotropium Europium Leaves Alcoholic Extract And Vitamin C In Some Physiological And Biochemical Parameters of Male Rats Exposed To Oxidative Stress

Author name: صفا احمد عبد القادر محمد دنيدل
Supervisor name: صاحب جمعة عبد الرحمن | عويد هيدان الخزرجي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى معرفة تاثير المستخلص الكحولي لنبات ذيل العقرب Heliotropium europium في وزن الجسم وعدد من المتغيرات الفسلجية والكيموحيوية كتركيز الهيموكلوبينHaemoglobin (Hb) وحجم كريات الدم المرصوصةPacked cell volume (PCV) والعدد الكلي لخلايا الدم | The aim of the present study was to investigate some effects of the alcoholic extract of Heliotropium europium in body weight and some of physiological and biochemical parameter such as concentrations of Hemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and the total count of leukocytes (WBCs) and concentrations glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Peroxynitrite radical (ONOO - ) , Superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD), glucose, Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High density lipoprotein (HDL - C), Low density lipoprotein (LDL - C), Very Low density lipoprotein (VLDL - C), Atherogenic indices levels, Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Urea and Uric acid in serum and histological changes in liver of male rats that exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide H2O2(0.5%) with drinking water for (30) days, and comparison these effects with the effects of the vitamin C as well known antioxidants(250 mg/kg of body weight), for the purpose of this study preliminary experiments were carried out to find the most effective does of plant extracts and it was found that this does was (300 mg/ kg) body weight.The study included(35) male albino rats, (4 - 6) months ages and(245 - 280)gm weight were divided to (7) groups both group with (5) rats as follows : Control group, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) group, Heliotropium extract group, H2O2+ Heliotropium extract group, Heliotropium extract + vitamin C group, H2O2+ Vitamin C group, H2O2+extract of Heliotropium+ vitamin C group.The results showed : 1. The animal under oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide caused a significant decrease (p? 0.05) in body weights and values of Hb , PCV, GSH, activity of SOD enzyme, HDL - C, total protein, albumin, globulin and compared with the control group. While it caused a significant increase in WBCs, MDA, ONOO. - , glucose, cholesterol, TG, LDL - C, VLDL - C, Atherogenic indices levels(I, II, III) and urea compared with the control group.2. The treatment of animals exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide with extract of Heliotropium europium showed significant increase in the weights of animals, Hb, PCV, GSH, activity of SOD enzyme, HDL - C, total protein, albumin and globulin compared with a hydrogen peroxide group. While this treatment showed significant decrease in WBCs, MDA, ONOO. - , glucose, cholesterol, TG, LDL - C, VLDL - C, Atherogenic indices levels (I, II, III), and urea when compared with a hydrogen peroxide group.3. Compared with a hydrogen peroxide treatment of rats exposed to oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide with vitamin C, extract of plant and vitamin C with hydrogen peroxide group showed the results were similar to the results of treatment plant extract with hydrogen peroxide group.4. The treatment plant alcoholic extract and vitamin C showed a significant increase in the level GSH, MDA, activity of SOD enzyme, HDL - C, globulin compared with the control group. And showed a significant decrease in animal weights, WBCs, ONOO. - , LDL - C, VLDL - C and urea compared with a hydrogen peroxide group. While not shown significant differences in the values of Hb, PCV, glucose, cholesterol, TG, Atherogenic indices levels total protein and uric acid compared with the control group.5. The treatment alcoholic plant extract group showed increase in the weights of animals and values Hb, PCV, WBCs, GSH, MDA, Triglyceride, VLDL - C, Atherogenic indices levels, globulin and urea compared with the control group. Showed significant decrease in the HDL - C and albumin compared to the control group. while did not show significant difference in ONOO. - , activity SOD enzyme, glucose, cholesterol, total protein and uric acid compared the control group.6. The most important histological changes that have occurred in this study have showed treatment hydrogen peroxide compared with a control to swelling hepatocytes with necrosis each and the small size of the nuclei with swelling sinusoid, and the treatment of animals exposed to oxidative stress plant extract has showed a lack of clarity within the cells in hepatocytes necrosis and swelling sinusoid compared with a hydrogen peroxide while the treatment of animals exposed to oxidative stress with vitamin C showed sinusoid constriction and showed treatment alcoholic plant extract and vitamin C for the animals exposed to oxidative stress loss nucleus cells with the difficulty of distinguishing sinusoid.

تاثير بعض العوامل البيئية والمايكروبايولوجية في تنقية مياه الشرب لمحطة المجمع السكني في قضاء الدور - محافظة صلاح الدين == Effect of Some Ecological And Microbiological Factors On Drinking Water Purification Plants In Al - Mugama Al - Sakany In Al - Dour City - Salahaldin

Author name: فخر الدين نور الدين رشيد الخفاف
Supervisor name: حميد سلمان خميس المهداوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Aquatic Environment
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة جمع عينات شهرية من مياه نهر دجلة ومحطة مياه الشرب العائدة للمجمع السكني في الدور اخذت العينات من خمس محطات مختارة ابتداء من شهر تشرين الثاني 2007 ولغاية شهر تشرين الاول 2008 لغرض دراسة بعض العوامل الكيمياوية والفيزياوية والبايولوجية السائدة | This study was included collecting of monthly water samples from Tigris river and water purification plant in AL - Mugama AL - Sakany in AL - Dour, These samples were collected from five chosen locations, started from November 2007 until October 2008, To Study The dominance of some chemical, physical and Biological factors Through the year its effects on water purification plants in AL - Mugama AL - Sakany in AL - Dour. These factors included air and water temperature, Turbidity, Electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved Oxygen, BOD, Total alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium and Magnesium hardness , Chloride reactive nitrite, nitrate phosphate and salinity as well as some Biological factors such as Total number of bacteria and diatoms during the study period. The results of this study shown that there was a seasonal variation in some chemical and physical factors. where the value of air temperature ranged between (3.5 - 40) C and water temperature ranged between (3.4 - 32.5) C.Turbidity value ranged from (2.2 - 22.94) NTU while electrical conductivity ranged between (320 - 590) µs / cm. The results also showed that the water in Tigris river was alkaline, where the pH value ranged between (7.08 - 7.98). and aeration. The avarices value of dissolved oxygen ranged between (3.5 - 10.2) mg/L and The BOD value never increase to critical value, its ranged between (1.58 - 2.37) mg /L salinity ranged between (0.110 - 0.305) mg/L while chloride concentration ranged between (21.78 - 23.82) mg / L. It has been found that total hardness ranged between (170 - 370) mg/L while total alkalinity for the five station ranged between (124.1 - 137.8) mg No2/ L while Micronutrients ranged from (0.388 - 0.449) mg / L and the value of nitrate ranged between (ND - 0. 598) mg No2/ L and (0. 65 - 122) mg Po4 / L. In General where we compare the monthly average for physical and chemical variation for Tigris water with standard world limits applied for grouping of surface water, we can consider the quality of Tigris water is good and suitable for uses as a source for drinking water by using traditional purification of water.While the results of study of Biological factors showed that the total number of bacteria for Tigris water was modularity clear and unsafe for drinking with out treatment include sterilization. High number of bacteria was found in station (1) during February 2008 when it reached (284) cell / ml and the lowest average recorded in station (5) at December 2007 when its reached (50) cell/ml. This study also shown that high number of diatoms were recorded in station (1) when its reached (46860) cell/L at December 2007 and the lowest number recorded in station (5) when it reached (236) cell / L at November 2007. It has been identifies (11) genus and sp. of diatom in this stations and there were :

تحديد مقاومة بعض الجراثيم المعزولة من اخماج في مستشفى تكريت التعليمي للمضادات الحيوية وعلاقتها بالبلازميدات == Determination The Antibiotic Resistance of The Some Isolated Bacteria From Tikrit Teaching Hospital Infections And Their Relationship With Plasmids

Author name: شيماء عبد محمد علي
Supervisor name: وعد محمود رؤوف | خالد عمر محمد علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: جمعت (140) عينة من المرضى الراقدين لثلاثة ايام فاكثر في مستشفى تكريت التعليمي للمدة من 1 - 8 - 2009 ولغاية 1 - 12 - 2009 بهدف تحديد العزلات الجرثومية الاكثر شيوعا ضمن اخماج مستشفى تكريت التعليمي ومقاومة هذه العزلات للمضادات الحيوية ودراسة العلاقة بين مقاو | One hundred fourti samples were collected from hospitalized patients for three days or more in the Tikrit Teaching Hospital during the period from 1/8/2009 until 1/12/2009 to determine the most commonly isolated bacterial from nosocomial infections in Tikrit Teaching Hospital and their resistance to antibiotics and to study the relationship between antibiotics resistance and plasmid content in the most commonly isolated bacteria and to evaluate the prevalence of these plasmids in the hospital environment. These samples include : (75) Urine, (28) stool, (28) of wound swabs and (9) sputum samples.The incidence of nosocomial infection was (45.7%) of them, urinary tract infections were (50.7%) from (75) samples, followed by wound infections (42.9%) from (28) samples, gastrointestinal infections (39.3%) from (28) samples then pneumonia (33.3%) from (9) samples the nosocomial infections were more common in females and age group 51 - 89 years. Different bacterial species were isolated in this study and the results showed that the most commonly isolated type was Citrobacter koseri in a proporation (21%) of urinary tract infections, followed by the following bacterial species : Escherichia coli (15.7%), Staphylococcus schleiferi (10.5%) , Staphylococcus epidermidis (7, 8%), Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus saprophytica, Klebsiella ozaenae, Klebsiella ornithindytica in aproportion (5.2%) for each, Enterobacter aerogenes, Providencia stuartii, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis in aproportion (2.6%) for each.Citro. koseri were also the most common in wound infections (25%), followed by the following bacterial species : E.coli (16.6%), P.mirabilis (16.6%), Staph.schleiferi, P.vulgaris, Prov.stuartii and Prov.rettgeri in aproportion (8.3%) for each. Citro.koseri were also the most common in the gastrointestinal tract infections in a proporation (36.3%), followed by E.coli (18.1%), S.flexneri (18.1%), P.mirabilisc, Prov.stuartii, Prov.alcalifaciens in a proporation (9%) for each. . While Strept.pneumoniae was the most common(66.7%) in penemonia cases followed by K.pneumoniae (33.3%).The isolated bacteria were tested for antibiotics susceptibility and it has been found that most of these isolates showed high resistance to the studied antibiotics other than Prov. Stuartti was sensitive to all antibiotics except of Rifampicin and Tetracycline. As well as bacterial species belonging to the genus Staphylococcus were sensitive to Amikacin, Staph.aureus was also sensitive to Nitrofurantoin while Staph.warneri was also sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Nitrofurantoin also Enterobacter aerogenes was resistant to all antibiotics except for Ciprofloxacin and Nitrofuratoin. Eleven of most commonly isolated bacteria which were multidrug resistant were chosen for the curing experiments using SDS to study the relationship of their plasmids with resistant to antibiotics. The results showed that the cured cells of E.coli lost their resistance to Tetracycline Ciprofloxacin and Cefotaxime which Citro.koseri lost their resistance to Tetracycline while K. ornithinolytica lost resistance to both antibiotics Tetracycline and Ciprofloxacin either P.mirabilis lost resistance only to tetracyclin as well as Strept.pneumoniae lost their resistance to Cefotaxime, tracycline and Ampicillin. Which may mean that the genes responsible for resistance to these antibiotics are located on plasmids as proven by the results of electrophoresis.Electrophoresis results also showed that all studied bacterial isolates had the same plasmid profile which may regarded as an epidemiological pointer that plasmids are conjugative which have the ability to transfer antibiotic resistance to other bacterial strains of the same species or to other different bacterial species.

دراسة بعض الصفات الفيزيائية والكيميائية والحياتية لمياه نهر دجلة ضمن مدينة تكريت == Study of Some Physical, Chemical And Biological Properties On Tigris River In Tikrit City

Author name: بشار طارق اسماعيل هلال الشنداح
Supervisor name: رياض عباس عبد الجبار
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الحالية للتعرف على بعض الجوانب الفيزيائية والكيميائية والحياتية لمياه نهر دجلة ضمن مدينة تكريت ولمياه المخلفات السكنية في محطة المعالجة.جمعت العينات لمدة سبعة اشهر اعتبارا من شهر تشرين الثاني 2006 وحتى نهاية شهر ايار 2007 وبمعدل مرتين شهريا | The present study aimed to find out some physical, chemical and biological aspects of Tigris river passed in Tikrit - city, and population residence in the treatment unit.Samples were collected over the period of seven months during November 2006 to the end of May 2007 biweekly. Four stations were selected for sample collections over the distance of 25 km. Two stations were in Tigris river and two were in the treatment unit. The first selected station was close to the old water purification unit in Tikrit - city. The second station was selected at the treatment unit in AL - Dubaee before the mechanical treatment unit. The third station was selected at the treatment unit after the biological treatment. The fourth station was selected in Tigris river about ten km south of the treatment unit at AL - Dijla town. The study involved an investigation of some physical, chemical and biological aspects of Tigris river and the residence waste discharges to the river. This included air and water temperature, conductivity, PH, dissolved oxygen, BOD, Turbidity, total hardness, calcium and magnesium hardness, chloride, total alkalinity, nutrients (i.e., phosphate, nitrite, silica) , and the concentrations of heavy metals (i.e., cadmium and cupper). The biological factor included the total bacteria counts cultured on nutrient agar. Results of the study clarify the close relation between air and water temperature which varied (8.5 - 36) C0 and (9 - 27) C0 respectively. Conductivity values were relatively high and ranged (128 - 3530) microsemens/cm. River water almost was alkaline during the period of the study. PH values of the first and fourth stations were close in the river, although a value of 6.12 was recovered at station on during May. In all stations, PH values ranged (8.8 - 6.12). River water has a good ventilation, dissolved oxygen values ranges (8 - 11) mg/L at the first and the fourth stations, while these values were (0.1 - 1.34) mg/L at the second and third stations. Mean dissolved oxygen values pointed out the availability of good oxygen concentration for the continuity of living organisms which ranged (0.3 - 5.8) mg/L in Tigris river, while BOD values at the stations second and third were high and ranged (5.6 - 131.2) mg/L. Turbidity was high during April at the stations one and four and ranged (2.03 - 788) NTU in all stations. Total hardness in Tigris river was slightly low - very hardness and ranged (120 - 360) mg/L at the first and fourth stations, while these values were (180 - 480) mg/L at stations two and three.The high total hardness values coincided with the high conductivity values. Concentrations of calcium ions responsible on the calcium hardness ranged (211.4 - 120.7) mg/ L was higher than magnesium ions responsible for magnesium hardness range (5 - 265) mg/L.Records of chloride ions ranged (14.16 - 169.99) mg/L at all stations. However, chloride values at stations first and fourth were among the allowed world values and ranged (14.16 - 42.48) mg/L.Alkalinity values were due to the carbonate and bicarbonate and ranged (35 - 725) mg/L.phosphate values ranged (0.168 - 25.2) µg phosphor atom - phosphate/L. Low nutrient values recorded in Tigris river, while the highest values recorded at second station (treatment unit).Nitrite values fluctuated at all stations and ranged (0.078 - 14.778) µg Nitrogen atom - Nitrite /L. Silica values ranged (648 - 5961.6) µg silicon atom - silica /L. Heavy metals values (Cadmium and Cupper) clarify that, Cadmium were (un sensible), except one value (0.008) mg/L that recorded at November, and un sensible for Cupper.Results of the statistical analyses of all involved factors showed significant differences at stations first and second, and between the first and third stations as well as the fourth station. While there was no significant differences between the second and fourth stations. And no significant differences between stations first and fourth.Total bacterial counts indicated high bacterial counts, and the average of total bacterial count ranged (2.605X105, 5.44X108, 2.265X108, 2.385X105) / ml at the four stations respectively, so the Tigris river considered pollutant - very pollutant.

دراسة وبائية وسريرية لمرض الجيارديا Giardiasis في اطفال مدينة الشرقاط وضواحيها == Parasitic Study of Giardiasise Among Children In Sharqat City

Author name: علي حمد طلال موسى الجبوري
Supervisor name: حسين ساهر اسود العبيدي | عبد الله حسين عبد الله الجبوري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة لبيان تاثير طفيلي الجيارديا المعوي على صحة الاطفال في قضاء الشرقاط لـ(250) طفل، تم اختيارهم بصورة عشوائية، اذ تراوحت اعمارهم من شهر - 15 سنة وللمدة ما بين شهر تشرين الاول 2006 لغاية شهر تشرين الاول 2007، تم فحص عينات الغائط من كل طفل بال

دراسة بيئية ونوعية لمشروع تصفية ماء الكرخ في الطارمية == An Ecological And Qualitativ Study For Al - Karkh Drinking Water Plane At Al - Tarmia

Author name: احمد توفيق احمد المشهداني
Supervisor name: رياض عباس عبد الجبار
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: نظرا لما لمياه الشرب من اهمية كبيرة في حياة الانسان وضرورة ان تكون هذه المياه ضمن مواصفات ومعايير خاصة, فضلا عن ظهور العديد من مشاكل تلوث مياه الشرب في مختلف مدن العراق. دعت الحاجة لاجراء هذه الدراسة لبيان مدى صلاحية مياه الشرب المنتجة من مشروع تصفية ماء | Owing to the drinking water of great importance in human life and it is important to be under the specifications and standards, as well as the emergence of many of the problems of contamination of drinking water in various cities of Iraq. Needed to conduct this study to demonstrate the viability of drinking water produced from the project filter water Karkh (which is the largest project the liquidation of water in the Middle East, it is feeds many of the cities of Baghdad, on the side of Karkh) and compare the specifications of Iraq and the global standard for drinking water in order to investigate the potential weaknesses in the project and study the possibility of the development of such large projects as a first step to improving the situation of drinking water in Iraq. So were the tests, physical, chemical and biological common to drinking water in the project and divided into four main stations, namely, (station socket raw water, sedimentation basins secondary sand filters, pumps, distribution of drinking water), including nine stations secondary starting of the month of October - 2010 to July - 2011.The results showed high values of turbidity, and electrical condactivety and pH, and dissolved oxygen, and biological dimond of oxygen, and alkalinity, and total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, chloride, phosphate, nitrite, silica, fluoride, sodium, potassium, and heavy metals, namely, (iron, copper and cadmium, nickel, lead, chromium and zinc), and the total numbers of bacteria, and total coliform bacteria, the fecal coliform bacteria and E. Coli in drinking water for most of the stations in the Alsta spring and low concentrations in summer and autumn.Values for water temperatures between (4 - 37.5) c, as recorded differences significant between the months of winter and spring, summer and autumn, and the values of brownish discharge ranged between (250 - 0.3) NTU as it showed the differences of the moral high values of turbidity in the winter and fall in the summer and fall in each stage of the treatmant with it, and the values of electrical conductivity was between (520 - 895) Micro Siemens / cm 3. The water Alnehrualcherb in the project was registered as a weak base pH values between (9.7 to 1.7), and it was well ventilated, as the oxygen values were high in the winter months registered clear monthly variation ranging between (5.14 - 2.3) mg / L, either values biologicaldimond of oxygen were values between (4.4 - ND) mg / L and found that basal total stations ranged from every stage of the liquidation potential in increasing concentrations of dissolved oxygen, between (160 - 100) mg / L, and found that drinking water hardness too, as that the values of total hardness ranged between ( - 215 335) mg / L as suited their values directly proportional to both the calcium and magnesium hardness ranging between (197 - 139) and (31.472 - 16.128) mg / L, respectively, while for the values of the chloride ranged between (69 - 25) mg / l, while the fluoride has recorded values ranged between (15 - 0.05) mg / L, with values ranging between sulfate (169.2 - 90) mg / L, free chlorine residual values ranged between (4.18 - 1.1) mg / L, and materials for suspended solids ranged values between (84 - ND) mg / L proven contribution stages of liquidation, all in the rates of removal of different, either TDS fluctuated values between (545 - 315) mg / L, with log Aluminum values ranged between (0.98 - 0.01) mg / L, but for the potassium values ranged between (3.2 - 2.15) mg / L, and sodium values ranging between (6.31 to 3.21) mg / liter.As for the concentrations of heavy metals did not detect any significant concentration of heavy metals measured except for iron ranging between concentrations (9.2 to 8.1) mg / L, so after the industrial plants that contain the droppings of these metals. The nutrient values were recorded between nitrite (0.024 - 0.001) mg / Trosgelt nitrate values between (1.7 - 0.16) mg / l, recorded between ammonia (0.54 - ND) mg / L, placed at either phosphate values ranged between (0.26 - ND) mg phosphorus atom - phosphate / L, while for the values of silica fluctuated between values (5.12 to 5.1) mg atom of silicon - silica / liter. As for the study of signs bacteriological ranged the total numbers of bacteria in air through (24) hours between (555 - 0) × 10 cells / 1 ml, and ranged in numbers for a period of (48) hours between (1186 - 0) 10 × cells / 1 ml, while for the numbers of total coliform bacteria fluctuated between (1700 - 0) cells / 100 liters, and fecal coliform bacteria, they ranged (1100 - 0) cells / 100 ml, and the E.coli bacteria, the numbers fluctuated between (1100 - 0) cells / 100 ml. For to match the drinking waterproduced from the projects liquefaction research found matching the values and concentrations of brownish, and connectivity electrical and pH, and dissolved oxygen, and the requirement is vital for oxygen, and basic college, and chloride, and ten college, and magnesium, nitrite, phosphate, and the total numbers of bacteria, and the numbers of total coliform bacteria, and fecal coliform bacteria and E Coli, and silica with the standard specifications for drinking water the Iraqi and global at all stations.While the study results show non - conformity of calcium concentrations in this study with the standard specifications for drinking water of Iraq and the world.
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