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الوصف التشكليائي والتركيب النسجي للبنكرياس المعثكلة في الخفاش الكحلي (Kuhl, 1817) Pipistrellus kuhlii Morphological Description and Histological Structure of the Pancreas in Al - Kuhlii Bat Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl, 1817)

المستخلص: The present study was designed to investigate the morphological description and histological structure of the pancreas gland in Bat Pipistrellus kuhlii.A total number of (20) ,10 male and 10 female bats were used in this study after taking out the pancreas gland it was fixed with fixative solutions their the sequent steps of preparing histological slides were done after that they were stained by using routine and special stains. These stains were represented by (Heamtoxylin - Eosin, Periodic acid Schiff, Chrom alum heamtoxylin, Modified aldehyde Fuchsin and Masson’s trichrome).The morphological study showed that the pancreas gland in Kuhli's bat is represented by a compact type of pancreatic tissue it is white to yellowish color divided into three divisions head, body and tail. The pancreatic tissue lies in the abdominal cavity near the mass of intestine at the mesentery network which is connected with the coiled region of the duodenum from one side and the extended mesenteries between the dorsal part of stomach and the ventral part of spleen from the other side. The pancreas gland has only one duct that originated from the pancreatic body which is opened in the upper part of the duodenum.The pancreas gland is surrounded by loose connective tissue it extend trabeculae that divides the gland into many lobules that differs in size and shape. The pancreatic tissue is characterized into two portions, the exocrine portion and endocrine portion, the exocrine portion is represented by a compound tubule - acinar gland which consists of a large number of acini and the ductal system, each acini represented by a serous secretory unit which consists of many pyramidal cells that surround a small lumen,the apics of narrow cells are headed towards the acinar lumen while their bases are wide and based on the basement membrane. The acinar sizes are variable some acini are large others are small. The acinr cells number range from (6 to 9) cells. The ductal system which eliminate the products of secretory units to the duodenum it is initiate with centroacinar cells, these cells are connected with intercalary ducts which connected with intralobular duct, these ducts lead to the interlobular duct, which their diameter is larger than the diameter of intralobular ducts. The inter lobular ducts eliminate their secretory contents in the main duct which opened in the upper part of the duodenum.The endocrine portion is represented by clusters of cells known as islets of Langerhans which appeared as masses of cells diffused among the exocrine portion units, they're separated from each other by a thin layer of connective tissue.The islets are randomly distributed within the pancreatic tissue, it is obvious that these islets are massively concentrated in the body part of pancreas inside the lobules and around the ducts as in the pancreas head. The study also revealed that there were difference in the diameters and numbers of the islets, the mean diameters of the islets was reached (1.86) micrometer with range (1 - 2.75) micrometer whereas the mean number of islets was (1.6) islet per millimeter with rang of (1 - 3) islet.Each islet consists of three types of cells arranged as irregular clusters, they are separated from each other with blood capillary network. They were differentiated by using routine and special stains, these cells are Alpha cells they have rounded shape with oval nucleus they lies at the peripheral part of the islet. Beta cells they’re oval shaped with spherical nucleus they lies at the center of the islet, while delta cells are irregular shaped, with pale color lies between Alpha and Beta cells they’re less in number and they may appear as single cell or as small clusters and mostly lies at the peripheral part of the islet.The islet stained with faint blue in routine stains (Heamtoxylin and Eosin), and they were stained with faint blue when using special stains (Chrome alum phloxine) while the nucleus of Alpha cells stained with dark red and the Beta cells nucleus stained blue whereas Delta cells nucleus appeared in pink to pale red color. When using modified aldehyde Fuchsin the islets stained with greenish blue, alpha cells stained with orang, beta cells were blueish green and delta cells stained with green
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الانسجة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: بيداء حسين مطلك
اسم المؤلف: خالدة محمد عليوي العوادي

استعمال الهائمات النباتية ادلة احيائية لتقييم تاثير الانشطة البشرية على نوعية مياه نهر بيت زوينة محافظة ديالى Use of Phytoplankton as Biological Indicator to Evaluate the Anthropogenic Impact on Water Quality of Beat - Zwana River - Diyala

المستخلص: The current study was conducted in five selected positions variety of human activities along the agricultural project named (Beat zwana River) located in Jadedat - alshat, within the province of Diyala, for the period from October 2013 until June 2014, the study included measurement of twenty - two physiochemical factors of river water environment, as well as to study the quality and quantity of community phytoplankton, has also been applied in the study a number of environmental indexes.The range of studied properties were : 10.83 - 38.75°C and 9.17 - 28.5°C for air and water temperature, water depth (16.50 - 284.33 cm), light penetration (14.50 - 152cm) , turbidity (0.27 - 106.98) NTU, electrical conductivity, EC,(514.83 - 1027.5) μS/cm , salinity (1.15 - 4.88 part per thousand), total dissolved solids, TDS (287.83 - 861.6) mg/l and total suspended solids TSS (2 - 49.87) mg/l, pH (6.25 - 7.98), dissolved oxygen, DO (3.65 - 11.25)mg/l and Biological Oxygen Demand. BOD5 (1.07 - 4.35) mg /l, total alkalinity, TA (115.33 - 178.5 ) mg /l, total hardness, TH ( 221.83 - 338.83) mg/l, Calcium, Ca (52.08 - 101.36) mg CaCO3/l, and Magnesium ,Mg (74.62 - 177.89) mg CaCO3 /l, Nitrate NO3(1.55 - 6.55) mg /l, effective phosphate PO4 (0.02 - 4.16) mg/l, Sulfate, SO4 (131.5 - 283) mg/l ,effective Silicate (4 - 2.10) mg/l, , Chlorophyll - a, ( 0.12 - 28.02) and Phaeophytin - a, (0.85 - 25.93). mg/l, respectively.Results of the present study showed that most of the studied characteristics and private (Salinity, EC, TH, PO4, BOD5, Turbidity, TDS , Ca and Mg) were of an influential or higher rates when comparing the permissible limits environmentally overall used properties of water for irrigation or aquaculture or for human consumption, according to recommendations of WHO, FAO Organization, as well as the Iraqi specifications for the river water, which shows that human activities in the region significant effect on water and environment of project.The number of phytoplankton algae that have been diagnosed in this study reached 200 species belong to 72 genera, within nine classes of the following basic algae Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Raphidophyceae, Dinophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Xanthophyceae, and Cryptophyceae. The diatoms algae formed the largest percentage, as record them 131 species belong to 28 genus, and consisting 65.5%, followed by chlorophyceae 30 species belonging to 22 genus and 15%, then Cyanophyceae,22 species, to 10 genus and 11%, followed by algae Euglenophyceae 8 species belonging to 3 genus and 4%, then Cryptophyceae 3species ,to 3 genus and 1.5%, while all of the Xanthophyceae and Dinophyceae recorded 2species belonging to 2 genus and 1%, and finally the Chrysophyceae and Raphidophyceae, found them 1 species belong to 1 genus and 0.5%. Also the results showed that the distribution and biodiversity of diagnosed phytoplankton at the level of the sites, It was found that there is different for each classes from the ranks of the algae, as recorded presence in the first site 90 species belonging to 43 genus, and at the site - 2, 50 and 35 genus, and in site - 3, 68 species and 38 genus, 66 species belonging to 38 genus in site - 4, while presence 127 species belonging to 45 genus at site - 5.The quantitative study of phytoplankton in the lower and the higher ranges at the five sites ( S1, S2, S3,S4 and S5) of the study area respectively recorded the following values, (1780 - 7246 , 300 - 8180 , 220 - 2950, 560 - 3020 and 540 - 6860 cells /ml, and rates generally each site respectively, as well as 2923.6, 2027.0, 871.1, 1344.4 and 2324.6 cells/ml. when comparing the amount of algae that have been counted, we find that the highest 2923.6 rate cells/ml scored St - 1 and less than the rate of 871.1 cells/ml record in S3.In the current study we were able to record six new genus and species after checking with (Checklist of algal flora in Iraq, 2014) and consisted of these algae to : Westella linearis G. M. Smith, Navicula goppertiama Bourrelly .1981, Oedogonium minus (Wittr.) Witrock 1875. Gonyostomum seme Geitler,Gomphoniuma capitum. Bourrelly .1981, Phcus tourus (lemm.) skvortzow 1928.Also in the current study, many ecological indices were used and represented as follows : Richens index (Marglef index (1968), Similarity index (Sorenson index - 1942), Difference index (Bray and Curtis index, 1957), Presence index depended on (Chandler, 1970) and Shannon Weaver index for diversity, To evaluate the relationship between the sites and the quantity and quality of algae studied and water quality. The highest value for richness 16.246, recorded ta S5 and the highest value of the similarity 0.849 was between S1 and S5, the highest value of the difference 0.491 recorded among of S4 and S5, the highest amount of the presence of his record genus Navicula spp from pennales diatoms, feather at the level of individuals in the sample, as recorded following him to the species N. goppertiana and N. cryptocephala 3200 and 2356 cell/ml in October and November in 2013, while the highest value of diversity 1.878, by Shannon Weaver index recorded in S4. This gives an indication of the variation in the quality of water and nutrients and a physiochemical factors that lead to growth provides supportive conditions andthe spread of some species and a specific one for some of phytoplankton during the months of the year and different locations.On the basis of diversity index values, that was between 1.03 - 1.878 as less and higher, can be considered waters of the five sites between light pollution to medium pollution, and classified all within the second water category according (Wilhm guide - 1975). And this gives a conclusion no matter what the view that the water agricultural project environment (Beat - Zwana River) may be directly affected by human activities practiced by the population as well as other environmental impacts experienced by the entire region from various external and internal factors pollutants.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الاحياء المائية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم مهدي عزوز السلمان
اسم المؤلف: انتصار كريم عبد الحسن الدراجي

عزل وتشخيص بعض انواع البكتريا المكسرة للهيدروكاربونات النفطية الاليفاتية في الترسبات النفطية لمحافظة البصرة Isolation and Identification of some species of degradable Bacteria of N - Alkanes hydrocarbons compounds in oil sludge at Basrah Governorate

المستخلص: In the oil industries, large amounts of oil sludge are generated through the refining of crude oil. The main reason for its composition that is when exporting crude oil various kinds of oils (heavy and light ones) are mixed together for the purpose of exportation. But , the mixing process between different types cannot be fully , due to the lack of homogeneity among different quality of crude oil . So, the heavy parts of oil are precipitated to the bottom of tank and with passage of time they accumulate to be sediments that’s known as oil sludge stated at the bottom of the oil storage tank in the cleaning process , oil tanks are emptied and discharged in some spaces or reservoir (pits) located near the tanks called "oil pits". Which are places of dump excess oil of various types of oil from different oil tanks or they are close places from oil / water separating unites .From these spots, samples of two kinds of oil sludge : the bottom of oil tank (during the maintenance of the tank) and oil pits (near the unities of separating water from oil) are collected. Also, samples of soil surrounding the oil pits from five oil locations in Basrah city are collected too. Those locations are : west of Gurna, Northern Rumela, Southern Rumela, Nahar Umar, Alzubeir.At the rate of redundantly for each location and for each type of the study samples.This investigation is considered as the first which conducted in Iraq which include firstly the isolation and identification different types of bacterial species from different oil sludge, and secondly use some of them in biodegradation studies for two kinds of carbon sources of oil sludge : (oil sludge of tank bottom , oil sludge of oil pits) .Oil degrading bacterial species have been isolated on a selective mineral salt medium Bushnell and Hass Mineral Salt Medium (BHMS), supplemented with a carbon source. They are also identified depending on the Morphology and biochemical characteristics; four genus of bacteria (out of 89 bacterial isolates of oil sludge from the tank bottom)Bare identified. They include : 32 Pseudomonas spp. , 27 Rhodococcus spp. 21 Bacillus spp. , 9 Arthrobacter spp. , Also four genera of bacteria (out of 101bacterial isolates of oil sludge from the oil pits) are identified. They include : 41 Pseudomonas spp. 27 Rhodococcus spp. , 22 Bacillus spp. 11 Arthrobacter spp. , , While 8 species and 3 genus of bacteria (out of 259 bacterial isolates of the soil surrounding the oil pits) are identified. They include : 41 Aeromonas spp., 39 Corynebacterium spp., 39 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 36 Bacillus spp., 33 Micrococcus leteuc, 23 Enterobacter intermedius, 22 Pseudomonas fluorescens, 12 Micrococcus varians 7 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 4 Staphylococcus saprophyticus,3Staphylococcus aureus .The biodegradation percentage of the lost in the concentration of the hydrocarbon compounds of the normal alkanes and two compounds of Pristane and Phytane are measured. Also, the biodegradation of mole percentage of the lost in the area of the hydrocarbon compounds of the normal alkanes and the two compounds of Pristane and Phytane are measured for each four genus which were isolated from the oil sludge pits, and it is also done for one isolated genus from the soil surrounding the oil pits. The measuring process was fulfilled as a comparative study with the control flasks. Thus, the oil sludge (tank bottom ) was used as a source of carbone in the first experiment While, the oil sludge (oil pits) was used as a source of carbone in the second experiment . The incubate time of the experiment is 27 days during which a lost of the percentage of hydrocarbon compounds each 9 days are recorded by using( Capillary Gas Chromatography ). The results showed the biodegradation percentage of the lost in the concentration of the hydrocarbon compounds of the normal alkanes of the oil sludge (tank bottom ) with regard toCbacteria 73.8 % Pseudomonas spp., 70.3 % Rhodococcus spp. 65.7 % Arthobacter spp., 55.6 % Aeromonas spp.,51.5 % Bacillus spp., Whereas, the biodegradation percentage of the lost in the concentration of the hydrocarbon compounds of the normal alkanes of the oil sludge (oil pits) with regard to bacteria 80 % Pseudomonas spp., 74.9 % Aeromonas spp., 70.4 % Rhodococcus spp., 64.8 % Arthobacter spp.,55 % Bacillus spp., While , The results showed of the biodegradation of mole percentage of the lost in the area of the hydrocarbon compounds of the normal alkanes of the oil sludge (tank bottom ) with regard to bacteria 73.7 % Pseudomonas spp.,70.3 % Rhodococcus spp. 65.6 % Arthobacter spp., 55.3 % Aeromonas spp. ,51.2 % Bacillus spp., Whereas, The results showed of the biodegradation of mole percentage of the lost in the area of the hydrocarbon compounds of the normal alkanes of the oil sludge (oil pits) with regard to bacteria79.2 % Pseudomonas spp., 73.8 % Aeromonas spp., 69.2 % Rhodococcus spp.,63.7 % Arthobacter spp., 53.7 % Bacillus spp. It was found that there is approximately match between the biodegradation of mole percentage by using the area and those by using the concentration for each component .
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: ميثم ايوب عبد القادر الحمداني
اسم المؤلف: استبرق عبد الحسين سلمان جدي البوغازي

دراسـة بيئيــة للافقريات القاعيـة في هور الدلمج - وسط العراق An Ecological Study of The Benthic Invertebrates In Al Dalmage Marsh - Middle of Iraq

المستخلص: استهدفت الدراسة الحالية التنوع الاحيائي لمجتمع لافقريات القاع في هور الدلمج / وسط العراق فضلا عن بعض الخصائص الفيزياوية والكيمياوية لمياه الهور، اختيرت ست محطات لجمع العينات وذلك للمدة من بداية كانون الثاني وحتى كانون الاول 2013. استخدم تحليل التوافق CCA | Benthic invertebrate diversity on the Al - Dalmage marsh in the middle of Iraq, in addition to the some physical and chemical properties was the goal of the present study, for a period from January to the end of December 2013. Six stations along the eastern side of the marsh were chosen for monthly samples collection.The results showed water temperature ranged from(9 - 34.1)?C. The pH values were neutral but tends to near alkaline and ranged from (7.2 - 9).The Electrical conductivity values varied from (22735 - 2330) ?s/cm, according to the values of salinity (1.5 - 14.6) ‰ the marsh was classified as mesohaline (TDS) which showed high values ranged from (1820 - 17762) mg/L.This study showed that the marsh were well oxygenated due to the dissolved oxygen values which ranged from 7 - 12 mg/L, the study recorded values to BOD5 were ranging from (1.5 - 3)mg/L, and the marsh classified as very hard according to the total hardness values from (6980 - 825) CaCo3 mg/L. The high perecentage of organic matter in the sediment was 2.7 %. The results showed the station were characterized by sediment texture varied from silt clay sand sediment in the stations 1, 4, 5 , silt clay in St(2) and sand silt in St(3), sand clay silt in St(6).A total of 21286 individual benthic invertebrates was sorted, which represents which 78 taxonomic units, including 9 taxa. The Crustacea was the dominate group representing 29% of the total number of benthic invertebrates. It was noted that there were obvious differences in the total number of sorted individuals in which varied in each location and each month. The highest total number recorded in was st (2) was 4360 including 73 taxonomic units, while the highest total number recorded in April was 2624.The results of The relative abundance index showed that the species insects : Polypedilum sp Were more abundant in St(2 - 6), and dominant in St(6), while the Seinura sp were dominant in St(6), while the other taxonomy units varied from less abundant to rare abundant. Also the results of constancy index showed The which were considered "constant " However the other taxonomy units varied from "accessory " and" accidental" taxonomy units in study stations.The Shanon - Weiner index of totall benthic invertebrates varied from (1.2 - 3.8) bit/Ind, The uniformity index of benthic invertebrates varied from(0.7 - 1), these high values indicate that there is no ecological stress on benthic invertebrates in the study area.The Results of Jaccard Presence - community of similarity showed the highest degree of similarity to be 96% which recorded between St(1) and St(2).The values of the index of spcies richness varied from 1.3 - 15 with the greatest values recorded in April while lower values were in October.Six species of Turbellarian Platyhelminthes that were recorded, from which Stenostomum leucops, Stenostomum bryophilum, Stenostomum unicolor, Gyratrix hermaphrodites, Macrostomum sp, Dalyelliidae, which were considered as new records for Iraq, with Gyratrix hermaphrodites as the most abundant species and representing 25% of the total number of Turbellarian. It was noted that there were obvious differences in the total number of sorted individuals which varied in each location and each month, the highest total number recorded in St 3 was 400, while the highest total number recorded in November was (198).The present study result showed that three species of Nematoda were recorded incuding Seinura sp, Alaimus sp, Dorylaimus sp, Seinura sp as the most abundent species representing 84% of the total number of Nematoda. Spatially the highest total number of 590 individuals was recorded in St (4) , while temporally, the highest total number of 366 was recorded in October.One unidentified species of Gastrotricha was recorded for the first time in Iraq, 102 Ind were sorted these were considered "constant" recording to constancy index 63.8% which were sorted from all stations.A total of 2319 individuals of Rotifera was sorted, these were identified as 15 species that included Philodina sp, Rotaria citrinus, Dipleuchlanis sp, Euchlanis sp, Notholca sp, Ttriploeuchlainis sp, Colurella sp, Lepadella sp, Lecane sp, Proales sp, Cephalodela sp, Synchaeta sp, Hexarthra mira, and finally Brachionus sp which was recorded the highest number of individuals 540 individuals.A total of 1888 individual Annelida were sorted representing 12 species including nine species belonging to the family Naididae (three belong to the sub family Naidinae and six belonging to Tubificoid worms), two species belonged to Aleosomatidae including Aeolosoma hemprichi, Aeolosoma variegatum, and finaly one specie belong to Hirudinea which was Glossiphonia heteroclite, with three 3 ind in all study.The family Aleosomatidae recorded the highest percentage of 58% of the total number of Annelida.The sub family Naidinae including Paranais litoralis, Dero (Aulophorus) furcata, Stylaria lactustris.The highest frequency of 23.6% was recorded by P. litoralis.The Tubificoid worms represent six species which were Limnodrlius hoffmeisteri, Limnodrlius profundicola, L. claparedeianus, L udekemianus, Tubifex tubifex, Branchiura sowerbyi. This study also isolated 6238 individual Crustacea, these were identified as 15 species that included five species belonged to Cladocera, four order belong to copepod, which were recorded the highest percentage 30% of the total number of Crustacea, in addition to Macrobrachium nipponense from Decapoda, Sphaeroma annadalei anndalei from Isopoda, Ostracoda, Amphipoda, Conchostracha. It was noted that there was obvious differences in the total number of sorted individuals which varied in each location and each month, The highest total number recorded in st (2) was 1480, while the highest total number of 730 was recorded in April. The study finds 4297 individual insects groups, were sorted represent seven order includes larvae of Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Odonata, (Zygoptera, Anisoptera) Diptera (Culicidae, Chironomus sp, Polypedilum sp) Lepidoptera larvae Hemiptera (Corixidae, Nepa cinerea), and adult of Coleoptera (Dysitidae, Hydrophilidae Elmidae, Curculionidae, Coleoptera larvae), the Diptera larvae were recorded the highest percentage 55 % of the total number of insects groups, and Nepa cinerea was considered as new records for Iraq.This study showed two class from Mollusca, 1956 Ind were sorted, including Gastropoda and Pelecyopoda.The Gastropoda which were recorded the highest percentage 94% of the total number of Mollusca, these were identified to physa acuta, Lymnaea sp, Melonoides tuberculata, Melnopsis nodosa, Theodoxus sp, physa acuta which was the greatest percentage 41% of the total number of gastropoda. pelecyopoda which were including Pseudodontopsis euphraticus, Tigridis Unio, Corbicula fluminea, Corbicula fluminali
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - اللافقريات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: هيفاء جواد جوير
اسم المؤلف: ميسون حسن مشجل السراي

دراسة تصنيفية حياتية مقارنة لانواع من الجنس Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) في العراق A Comparative Biosystematic Study of Some Species of The Genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) In Iraq

المستخلص: تناول البحث الحالي دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة لثلاث وعشرين مرتبة تصنيفية تعود جميعها للجنس Euphorbia L. من العائلةEuphorbiaceae النامية في العراق، تضمنت الجوانب المظهرية العامة والدقيقة ودراسة حبوب اللقاح والمركبات الكيميائية والبيئة والتوزيع الجغرافي فضلا عن ا | The current research deal with twenty - three taxa belong to the genus Euphorbia L., Family Euphorbiaceae grown in Iraq. The study included the gross general morphological and micromorphological characters, the Pollen grains also studied and the chemical compounds, Ecological and geographical distribution and taxonomic treatment have done.Also botanical key was putted to separate the species. General survey for the Phytogeographical districts where the taxa spread in, and the result was a large crowds of samples, and new locations of taxa distribution were recorded. The specimens studied, and correct the mistake naming, specimens were identified and reidentified some miss identified specimens in the Iraqi herbaria. A comparative morphological study was undertaken to all plants parts of taxa appeared from habit and duration of taxa to the quantitative and qualitative attributes the members of the vegetative and floral parts included the roots, stems, leaves, stipules, flowering parts and fruiting parts and drew charts diagrams, tables and accompanying with natural images for different morphological characteristics, as well as the field images. This study showed that all species was herbs, shrubs and succulent and semisucculent annual and perinnal, the major taxonomic importance was for flowering parts includeing the specific Inflorescence, installation of a cupped and its regularity on the branches of the plant, glands forms, numbers, presence or lack of appendages, bractes and bracteoles shapes, dimensions and color fruits shape, indumentum and seeds forms, dimension and her surface sculpturing; and the presence or lack of caruncle, as well as the qualities of roots, stems and leaves, and the morphological characteristics of all plant parts mentioned above have a taxonomic importance in identification and separation of the studied taxa. The study of the micromorphological characters of hairs, leaves epidermal cells and the stomatal complex which included anomocytic, paracytic, anisocytic and tetracytic, have a taxonomic importance of supporting the morphological characters in separation and identification of the genus taxa.The pollen grains have a taxonomic importance because their different in shape, dimensions of polar and equatorial view, the wall thickness and their ornamentation. They are mostly of Tricolporate except two species were Hexacolporate, also the differences in their shape in the polar and equatorial view.They were spheroidal, ovoid and oblate - spheroidal in the polar view and oblate, spheroidal, subprolate and oblate - spheroidal in the equatorial view.The ornomentation they were reticulate, microreticulate and foveoate.The chemical study also importance in separation of the genus taxa four compounds Flavonoids diagnosed in all the studing species but different in concentrations, by using HPLC, they are Myriscetin, Quercetin, Kaempferol and Coumarin esculetin and this confirms that there are a common evolutionary link between the species in terms of their chemical properties, which suggests belonging species to the genus Euphorbia.Through field surveys and information installed on the herbarium samples, the taxa where distributed on their growth areas, and maps have been drawn for taxa distribution in the Iraqi natural geographical districts. the species of Euphorbia were distributed in all Iraqi districts especially in LCA, MSU, MRO, and DWD and some species were farmed in gardens and nurseries either to the beauty of their bractes colors or because their acceleration to the environmental changes such as succulent species, As well as wild species were spread in mountainous areas, oak, nuts forests, in orchards, cultivated fields, flat plains and desert areas in loam soils, clay, gravel, and sand. Through this study some new taxa where founded in Iraq and they are E. cyparissias Kunth ; E. maculata L. ; E. serpens L. ; E. tirucalli L., and this study suggests to recorded them for the first time in Iraq.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عذية ناهي سلمان المشهداني
اسم المؤلف: ازهار طاهر صليبي

دراسة بيئية وسكانية للقوقع الارضي Candidula gigaxii (L.Pfeiffer, 1850) (Pulmonata : Hygromiidae) في مواقع مختارة من محافظة بغداد Ecological And Population Study of The Land Snail Candidula Gigaxii (L.Pfeiffer, 1850) (Pulmonata : Hygromiidae) In Selected Locations From Baghdad Province

المستخلص: Few studies on terrestrial snails in general, and garden snails in particular, existin Iraq. The group being important apparently for its wide - spread distribution in various habitats. One species of this group which has been previously recorded in Baghdad, is the garden snail Candidula gigaxii, class : Pulmonata, family : Hygromiidae.Available samples of the land snail C.gigaxii were collected from four locations within Baghdad province; a Taji, the Army Canal area, the Zafaraniyah, and Al - Jadiriya district, the study period of June 2013 to May of 2014.Environmental measurements were recordedat each site. Results showed that air temperature range was 10 - 34? C, soil temperature range was 5 - 26? C, pH range of the soil was between 4 - 8.9 and the content of the soil organic matter was between 0.3 - 2.0%.Snail samples were divided into seven size - classes according to the dimension of the shell and these were <2, 2 - 4, 4 - 6, 6 - 8, 8 - 10, 10 - 12, >12 mmPercentages of each size class were calculated. Having measured shell dimensions, shell growth index (Ia) was also calculated. The range of growth index value for this snail was 1.9 - 3.86 where the highest value was recorded at the Taji site in January 2014 which was probably attributed to low temperature range and high soil moisture and organic matter content.Results also showed that C. gigaxii favored soils with moderately high pH values and rich in organic content. Soil moisture appeared to be a limiting factor for growth; and a loamy soil texture for existence of the studied species. Average highest population density of living snails and empty shells were 44 and 32 individuals / m2 respectively. The overall population density was also calculated for the purpose of obtaining realistic population density of the species.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عماد الدين عبد الهادي المختار
اسم المؤلف: بشرى محمد كاظم ديوان البيضاني

تاثير بعض العوامل البيئية في مجتمع الهائمات القشرية لنهر دجلة وجزيرة بغداد السياحية - العراق The Effect of Some Environmental Factors In Crustaceans Plankton Community of The Tigris River And The Island of Baghdad Tourist - Iraq

المستخلص: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the water body type on the density of crustaceans zooplankton of the cortical Cladocera and two orders of copepod (Cyclopoida, Calanoida), addition to the physical and chemical effect of lake of Baghdad Tourist Island and Tigris river within the water of the lake near the site and electric and know the effect these characterties on density of crustaceans Zooplankton and for doing this study. We choose five places, tow on Tigris river and three places on the Island in AI - Fahhama in north of Baghdad The samples of water were collected every 15 days all these stations from beginning of December 2013 to May 2014. This study had corrected the temperature of air and water and the pH, electrical conductivity. and Dissolved oxygen, BOD5, NO?¯, PO?¯ and the density of Crastaceans Zooplankton. This study showed that the temperature of the air was nearly in the river and the lake and that because of their being in the same geographs area.The temperature was between (16°c - 34°c)in Tigris while it was (11.9°c - 33°c)in the lake Hydrogen Ions, it was (7.3 - 7.9) in the river and (8.18.8)in the lake because that were a lot of water plants and phytoplankton. This study shows that water of the river and the lake in the areas of study have a good of air and that was shown by recording the heigh values of oxygen. The values of dissolved oxygen (DO) was between (8.11 - 11.5) mg\L in river between (7.9111.37)mg\L in lake and showed from the study that the values were few. It was less than 5mg\L it was (0.33 - 2.6) mg\Lin the river and (0.64 - 3.55) mg\L in the lake. The values electrical conductivity of water in all the placed the study in the permissible range the water, it isn't over than 1500?s\cm. The electrical conductively records were between (851 - 1184) ?s\cm in the river, and it was (755 1270) ?s\cm in the lake. From the other hand nutrients, the phosphor records between (0.025 - 0.0563)mg\Lin the river and in the lake between(0.00310.0429)mg\L The Nitrate records its values highs in the month of winter because of the rain and it was increased in the river, it was (0.345 - 0.9135)mg\L compare with the lake, it was (0.028 - 0.626)mg\L in the places of the study that were appearance of two clear increases in the density of Zooplankton one was in winter and the other was spring.The density of zooplankton in the lake much more than it was in the river. The density of the zooplankton belong to Cladocera between (0.019 - 0.307) ind.\L in the lake and the density of the Calnoida was between (0.003 - 0.065)ind. \L in the river and (0.0078 - 3.37) ind. \L in the lake. The results shows differences if there are changes in places and month on most of physical and chemical biological characteristic the measured during the period of this study. The kind of water body effects on most characteristics and soon the density of crustaceans zooplankton.the results of the study mention the binding morale relation between the density of zooplankton the values of electrical conductivity and value of BOD(Biological Oxygen Demand) while there isn't any morale relation between the density of zooplankton and the value of Hydrogen Ion and Nitrate and dissolved oxygen that because the value of these changes was near to be equal in all the places that eayses the reduce of its effective on the average of density of these organism. The study shows that Baghdad lake have the environmental ingredients makes the lake natural protected to forming and breeding a fish in the lakes in addition that it is a place for Tourism.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - اللافقريات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: صباح فرج عبد الاحد
اسم المؤلف: اعتدال فليح حسن العامري

تاثير عصارة نبات البروكلي في متلازمة تعدد الاكياس المبيضية المستحدثة في الجرذ الابيض Effect of Broccoli Plant Juice On Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome In Albino Rats

المستخلص: The goal of present study was to investigate the benefits of broccoli as anti androgenic plant in protection and treatment for reproductive hormonal and metabolic disturbance, which combined with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Three experiments for 3 PCOS models were done. First Experiment : The prepubertal female rats at 21 days old, were injected with Testosterone (T) subcutaneously for 39 days (first model). The females of this experiment were divided into 6 groups (8 rats each) as follows : Group 1 was injected with sesame oil. Group 2 was injected with T hormone. Group 3 was injected with T hormone with orally gavaged of broccoli juice. Group 4 was injected with sesame oil, and at the end of the last injection was orally gavaged with distilled water for 30 days. Group 5 was injected with T hormone, and at the end of the last injection was orally gavaged with distilled water for 30 days. Group 6 was injected with T hormone, and at the end of the last injection was orally gavaged with broccoli juice for 30 days. Second Experiment : The prepubertal female rats at 21 days old, were injected with Letrozole (L) subcutaneously for 39 days (second model).The females of this experiment were divided into 6 groups with the same style of the first experiment. Third Experiment : it was achieved by the injection of pregnant rats prenatally (days 16 to 19 of gestation) with 1 mg of T hormone subcutaneously (third model), and then the female offspring were divided into groups (8 rats each) as follow : The first offspring group : The female rats offspring at 21 days old (their mothers were injected with sesame oil from 16th to 19th day of gestation) were orally gavaged with distilled water until 60 days of age. The second offspring group\ gavaged with distilled water : The female rats offspring at 21 days old (their mothers were injected with T hormone from 16th to 19th day of gestation) were orally gavaged with distilled water until 60 days of age. The second offspring group\ gavaged with broccoli juice : The female rats offspring at 21 days old (their mothers were injected with T hormone from 16th to 19th day of gestation) were orally gavaged with broccoli juice until 60 days of age. The third offspring group : The female rats offspring at 21 days old (their mothers were injected with T hormone from 16th to 19th day of gestation and orally gavaged with broccoli juice) were orally gavaged with distilled water until 60 days of age. Females of all groups were sacrificed after 24 hours from the last treatment to undertake weight, histological, hormonal and metabolic study for each group. the results of present study showed the symptoms that reported PCOS of the three female experiments such as ovarian cyst, hyperandrogenemia, hormonal and metabolic disturbance, etc. Also a well improvement has been noticed in all syndrome symptoms on females gavaged with broccoli juice for all three rats PCOS experiments, these results indicate that broccoli juice has got a protective and curative role against this syndrome.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الفسلجة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: نهلة جاسم محمد الشاهري
اسم المؤلف: رقية احمد صالح

دراسة تصنيفية مظهرية لبعض انواع عائلة قفازات الضفادع من رتبة متشابهة الاجنحة Homoptera : Cercopidae من بعض محافظات العراق Taxonomic Morphological Study of Some Species of Froghoppers, (Homoptera : Cercopidae) From Some Iraqi Governorates

المستخلص: تضمن البحث دراسة تصنيفية مظهرية لخمسة عشر نوعا تابعة لاربعة اجناس لعويلتيCercopinae، Aphrophorinae لعائلةCercopidaeمن رتبة متشابهة الاجنحة Homoptera جمعت من مناطق مختلفة في العراق تم الاعتماد على النوعCercopis vulnerata(Rossi, 1807) نموذجا للعائلة.وهذه ا | The present study comprisers taxonomic morphological of 15 species belong to four genera of the two subfamilies Cercopinae and Aphrophorinae, belong to the family Cercopidae of the order Homoptera, it has been regarded the speciesCercopis vulnerata(Rossi, 1807) as typical sample of the families.The species studied in were : Family : Cercopidae West wood, 1838Sub family : Cercopinae West wood, 1838.Genus : Cercopis Fabricius, 1775.**Cercopis vulnerata (Rossi, 1807)Sub family : Aphrophorinae Amyot&Serville, 1843.Genus : Aphrophora Germar, 1821.**Aphrophora alni(Falle'n, 1805).**Aphrophora major (Uhler, 1896).**Aphrophora oblique(Uhler, 1896).**Aphrophora salicina(Goeze, 1778)**Aphrophora straminae(Kato, 1932).**Aphrophora forneri(Haupt, 1919).**Aphrophora intermedia (Uhler, 1896).*Aphrophora triticasp.nov.*Aphrophora asadisp.nov.Genus : Phileanus Stal, 1864.Phileanus spumarius (Linnaeus) 1758.Genus : Neophileanus Haupt, 1935.** Neophileanus lineatus(Linnaeus, 1758).**Neophileanus campestris(Falle'n, 1805).**Neophileanus longiceps(Puton, 1895).**Neophileanus exclamationis(Thunberg, 1874). *New species for the science.**New recorded to the Iraq insect fauna of Homoptera.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الحشرات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: حسن سعيد جاسم الاسدي
اسم المؤلف: حلا تايه عمران

تقييم الواقع البيئي لمعمل بابل /2 للبطاريات Assessment Study For The Environmental Situation of Babylon\2 Batteries Plant

المستخلص: In this study was investigated the quantity and quality of industrial water from (Babil/2 batteries plant in Baghdad) and estimate the amount of air pollutants for some factory sections and estimate the amount of solid waste resulting from the industry and study the impact of these pollutants on the environment and public health.The first target of this study is investigated the physical and chemical characteristics of the discharged water from sections shipping and ficus where the sample water collocated was two samples per month for 6 month was taking during period from Novembers 2013 to May 2014. Some measurements were conducted laboratory and others on site, the result showing the following values of the variables rates for the shipping and ficus sections before treatment and respectivelyResults of the study showed that there is a significant increase inThe concentrations in sulfate and TDS, heavy metal When reached after treatment for the same variables and respectivelypH 9.9, EC 1524.9 ?s/cm, TSS 166.4mg/l, TDS 611.7mg/l, Cl - 64.46mg/l, (SO4)+2 486.8mg/l, BOD 49.2mg/l, COD 220.4mg/l, Pb+2 0.55mg/l, Zn+2 0.09mg/l, Cd+2 0.01mg/lpH 8.2, EC 1191.6?s/cm, TSS 68.1mg/l, TDS 927.6mg/l, Cl - 76.95mg/l (SO4)+2, 722.6mg/l, BOD 4.4mg/l, COD 29.2mg/l, Pb+2 0.04mg/l, Zn+2 0.03mg/l, Cd+2 0.01mg/lFrom the results of the study showed that there is a no significant increase in the concentrations in sulfate and TDS, but increases slowly. In the water of charging department reached the concentration of same variables and respectivelyThe second aims of this study a steamed the concentration and rate of air pollution (Total Suspended Particles, heavy metal, Oxides and gases) collected the sample of outstanding minutes analysis made to know and identify the concentration of heavy metal for same factory section and compared those with local and global determinants also the concentration of air emitted was measured.Results of the study showed that there is a significant increase in the concentrations of the outstanding minutes compared to the allowable limits as it reached the highest concentration in the Department of Shipping 3313.46?g/m3. The lowest concentration was in the section of the Aggregation 0.8155?g/m3. Where the concentration of heavy metals, especially lead element exceeded the permissible limits as it reached the highest concentration in Ficus section 3.53?g/m3 the lowest concentration in the assembly department which is 0.36 ?g/m3 concentration of CO gas in the department of Ficus, Shipping, assembly, queries reachedpH 1.6, EC 12058?s/cm, TSS 148.3mg/l, TDS 10122mg/l, Cl - 76mg/l(SO4) +2 3838mg/l, BOD 23.55mg/l, COD 203.5mg/l, Pb+20.55mg/l Zn+20.46mg/l, Cd+2 0.022mg/lrespectively.(21.7, 3.9, 2.44, 2.84?g/m3), the concentration of CO2 was 231.8, 187.6, 219.4, 225.4?g/m3.In the department of Ficus, Shipping, assembly, respectively queries either NO2 was 0.12?g/m3 in sections of Ficus, Shipping and queries, 0.16?g/m3 in the assembly department. The H2S appeared only in sections Ficus, Shipping with concentration 0.02?g/m3, 0.18?g/m3 respectively, either gas SO2 only appeared in the shipping department and was only 0.01 ?g/m3.The last part of these study was to calculate the amount of solid waste for a period of study in terms of total solid waste generated by the plant was 37.004 tons for eight months and included this waste pastes lead and lead plates and scrap processing units either the amount of recycling of batteries that are broken in the foundry of lead in Khan Dhari amounted to 354.832 tons for eight months, and the output of 181.1 tons. In this study we foxed on the problems in these factory that effected the process of industry and we found liquid wastes in the factory is not efficient in reducing the concentrations of all the variables treatment and gaseous emissions generated in the factory, there are no have any significant treatment of solid waste recycled and are utilized as it emerged that the Babil / 2 battery plant on a large degree of pollution sulfate and TDS with regard to liquid waste. The minutes and the outstanding lead with respect to gaseous pollutants to the current study that recommended a set of recommendations that would work to eliminate or minimize the causes of pollution and thus access to good results.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: سهير ازهر الكاظمي
اسم المؤلف: منال مالك سعدون الموسوي

تاثير فطريات المايكو راي زا الشجيرية والمادة العضوية في مرض الذبول المتسبب عن الفطر Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici في نبات الطماطة Lycopersicon esculentum Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza And Organic Matter On Wilting Caused By (Fusarium Oxysporum F.Sp. Lycopersici) In Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum)

المستخلص: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three arbuscular mycorrhizal species (Glomus etunicatum, G. leptotichum, Rhizophagus intraradices) and the organic matter (Peatmoss) on controlling the wilting caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici on tomatoes using pot cultures. The study was included two experiments : 1 - The first experiments was performed to select the best mycorrhizal species or a maxture of two or three species acting on several parameters, Results showed the followings : - Significant increase of the tri mixture activity of the three mycorrhizal species compared to the dual mixture or single species on mycorrhizal colonization, mycorrhizal dependency and the weight of mycorrhizal roots after four and eight weeks planting. - The highest activity of the trimixture of AM fungi in increasing the plant growth parameters after four and eight weeks planting. - The highest activity of the tri mixture of AM fungi in increasing the percentage of N, P, K and the protein in leaves and roots after 8 weeks planting compared to other treatments.2 - The second experiment was performed to study the effect of the tri mixture of AM fungi (which gave the highest activity in the first experiments) and the organic matter in the presence of the pathogen F.o.l. and their interactions on mycorrhizal parameters, disease parameters, analysis of some elements and compounds, study of some plant growth parameters, enzymatic and non - enzymatic antioxidants in tomato plant, Results revealed the followings : - Significant increase in mycorrhizal colonization included % of mycorrhizal frequency, mycorrhizal intensity in the root system, mycorrhizal intensity in in root fragments, abundance of arbuscules in parts of root fragments, abundance of arbuscules in root system and the highest values were shown in the treatment (organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) after six and ten weeks planting. - Significant increase in dry weight of mycorrhizal roots, the highest was shown in the treatment (organic matter x control) after 10 weeks planting. - Increase in percentage of mycorrhizal dependency after 6 and 10 weeks planting and the highest percentage was shown in the treatment (absence organic matter x control) after 10 weeks. - Increase in number of mycorrhizal spores, the highest was recorded in the treatment (organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) after 12 weeks. - Significant decrease in % of disease parameters in leaves and roots, the lowest percentage were recorded by the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) for all parameters. - Results of plant growth parameters showed significant increase of all for different weeks. The treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control) recorded the highest for all parameters tested in plant. - The treatments affected the flowering and fruit duration, the shortest was shown by the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control) - Significant increase in percentage of N, K and protein in leaves and roots, and chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll in leaves, the highest values were shown in treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control). - The treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) recorded the highest percentage of P, souble carbohydrates, highest content of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in leaves and roots as well as highest percentage of lignin in roots. - Significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves and roots, the highest activity recorded by the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x absence organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection). - Significant increase of non - antioxidant enzymatic in antioxidants included content of carotene in leaves, content of ascorbic acid, proline, total phenol, and glutathione in leaves and roots, The treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control) showed the highest content of carotene and ascorbic acid while the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) showed the highest content of proline, total phenol and glutathione in leaves and roots.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: بتول زينل علي
اسم المؤلف: ثامر عبد الشهيد محسن علي الابراهيمي

دراسة تصنيفية مظهرية لبعض انواع عائلة فراشات اللهانة من رتبة حرشفية الاجنحة (Lepidoptera : Pieridae) من مناطق وسط العراق وشماله Taxonomic Morphological Study of Some Species of Cabbage Butterflies, (Lepidoptera : Pieridae) From Mid And North Regions of Iraq

المستخلص: The present study comprises taxonomic morphological of seven species belong to six genera of the subfamilies Pierinae, Coliadinae, (Pieridae : Lepidoptera) which were collected from middle and north of Iraq.The described species in this study are : Famliy : Pieridae Duponchel - Subfamily : Pierinae DuponchelGenus : Pieris Schrank, 1801Pieris rapae Linnaeus, 1758Pieris brassicae Linnaeus, 1758Genus : Belenois Moor, 1881Belenois aurota Fabricius, 1793Genus : Colotis Hübner, 1816Colotis fausta Olivier, 1804Genus : Anthocharis Boisduval, 1836Anthocharis cardamines Linnaeus, 1758 - Subfamily : Coliadinae SwainsonGenus : Colias Fabricius, 1807Colias croceus Fourcroy, 1785Genus : Gonepteryx Leach, 1785Gonepteryx rhamni Linnaeus, 1758The last species as new recorded to fauna of Iraq
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الحشرات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: حسن سعيد جاسم الاسدي
اسم المؤلف: مهند محمود اغا

اليات استحثاث المقاومة في نبات الخيار بواسطة Trichoderma harzianum وBacillus subtilis وGlomus mosseae اتجاه الفطر Rhizoctonia solani المسبب لمرض سقوط البادرات Resistance Mechanisms In Cucumber Plant By Trichoderma Harzianum, Bacillus Subtilis And Glomus Mosseae Against Rhizoctonia Solani Causing Seedling Disease

المستخلص: نفذت هذه الدراسة للتحري عن اليات استحثاث المقاومة في نبات الخيار ضد الفطر الممرض Rhizoctonia solani بوساطة المعاملة بالعوامل الاحيائية وهي harzianum Trichodermaو Bacillus subtilis وGlomus mosseae وتاثير ذلك في نمو نبات الخيار وحاصله النامي تحت ظروف البيت | This study was carried out to investigate the mechanisms of induced resistance in cucumber plant against pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani by bioeagent factors Tricoderma harzianum fungus, Basillus sibtilis bacteria and mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. The effect in parameters growth and yield of cucumber plant which growing under greenhouse and field conditions. The pathogenic fungus showed high Pathogenesis on cucumber plant. Three isolated of B. subtilis and T. harzianum showed high antagonism ability against R. solani under laboratory condition. For mycorrhizal fungus G. mosseae isolated was tested to study their ability in cucumber growth for chosen the best isolated which can used in anther experiment which results were as follows : - A - Pots experiment 1 - The bioeagent factors was showed their ability to induced several mechanisms of resistance in cucumber plant against pathogenic fungus R. solani, Which included increasing the activity of defense enzymes in existed of pathogenic fungus R. solani, The treatment (T. harzianum + G. mosseae) was recorded highest level in enzyme activity of Phenylalanine ammonia layase enzyme which was (25.3541) unit/gm fresh weight, While T. harzianum treatment showed significantly increased the enzyme activity of Polyphenol oxidase and Peroxidase which was (10.6707, 2.6137) unit/gm fresh weight respectively. This study showed no enzyme activity for chitinase enzyme excepted in some treatment and some periods.This study recorded increased in plant content of total phenol, lignin, salicylic acid hormone, total protein, The (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) treatment overtaken on other treatments in increased plant content of total phenol which was (1.989) mg/gm fresh weight, B. subtilis treatment was significantly increased plant content of lignin which was (18.318) mg/gm fresh weight, The treatment (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) showed significantly increased plant content of salicylic acid hormone which was (1.8658) mg/gm fresh weight. This study recorded no Jasmonic acid hormone activity in treated plant except in some treatments but with low level, The treatment (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) was recorded highest content in total protein which was (239.3) ?g/mg. 2 - The rate of seedling death and disease index was significantly reduced in bioeagent treatments, The lowest rate for seedling death in the treatment of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis), (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) and (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) which were 11 % each for them comparison with control treatmentwith pathogen which was 100%.3 - The rate number of spores and percentage of mycorrhiza infection was significantly increased when mycorrhizal fungus G. mosseae interaction with T. harzianum or B. subtilis. The treatment of mycorrhiza infection with pathogen recorded highest number of mycorrhizal spores which was (1410) spore. The mycorrhiza infection reach to 100% in (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) and(G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment with pathogen fungus. The treatment of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) without pathogen recorded highest index of mycorrhiza infection which reach to (80)%, But the index of mycorrhiza infection and mycorrhizal root weight were decreased in the existed of pathogenic fungus, Mycorrhizal dependency it was increased in all treatments with pathogenic fungus and the treatment of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) with pathogen recorded highest percentage in Mycorrhizal dependency which was (58.873)%. 4 - The plant content of chlorophyll (a, b, total) was significantly increased, The tratment of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) with pathogen recorded highest level in chlorophyll a it was (5.30)mg/gm, the highest level in chlorophyll b found in(G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) without pathogen it was (6.07)mg/gm, (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment without pathogen recorded highest level in total chlorophyll it was (10.79)mg/gm. The concentration of phosphor concentration increased in shoot part of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) without pathogen which was (0.538)%, potassium concentration were decreased in all treatments with pathogen excepted (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) treatment, The highest level of potassium in treatment of (B. subtilis) without pathogen which recorded (4.65)%, For nitrogen concentration was increased in all treatments with pathogen and the highest level in (T.harzianum) which was (5.114)%. Carbon concentration significantly decreased in all treatments with pathogen and (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) without pathogen recorded highest concentration in carbon which was (46.203)%. 5 - The result showed that all growth parameters either in the absence or presence of pathogenic fungus was significantly increased in all bioagent treatments.The percentage of germination reach to (100)% in (B. subtilis) with or without pathogen , the treatment (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) with pathogen recorded highest level in shoot length it was (92.40)cm, And the same treatment recorded highest rate in fresh and dry weight for shoot part which was (7.412, 0.990) gm respectively, (T.harzianum) without pathogen recorded highest rate in leaf area it was (453.083)cm2, The highest rate of flower number was in (T.harzianum) with pathogen which was (15.66)flower/plant. The fresh and dry weight for root, root length, root surface area and the rate of root diameter were significantly increased in comparison with control treatment without pathogen. The treatment of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) without pathogen recorded highest level in fresh and dry weight for root which were (0.359, 0.094)gm respectively. Highest root length in (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) without pathogen it was (48.14)cm, root surface area decreased in the treatments with pathogen and the treatment (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) without pathogen recorded highest root surface area it was (19.16)cm 2, The root diameter was increased in(G. mosseae) with pathogen was reach to (0.363)mm.B - Field experiment 1 - Under field condition the percentage of germination increased in the treatment without pathogen which were (94.44)% in treatments (G. mosseae) , (B. subtilis) and (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) respectively, In the treatments with pathogen the percentage of germination reduced and The bioeagent factors showed no reduction in percentage of disease infection or disease index with pathogenic fungi R. solani under field condition which reach to (100)%. 2 - The rate number of spores, percentage of mycorrhiza infection, index of mycorrhiza infection, mycorrhizal root weight and Mycorrhizal dependency on cucumber plant significantly increased when mycorrhizal fungus G. mosseae interaction with T. harzianum or B. subtilis. (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) significantly overtaken on other treatments in increased rate of mycorrhizal spors it was (3950)spore, The mycorrhiza infection reach to (100)% in all treatments, For index of mycorrhiza infection the treatments of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) and (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) recorded highest rate which reach to (100)%, (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment recorded high increased in mycorrhizal root weight and Mycorrhizal dependency which were (545.67 gm, 67.78%) respectively. 3 - The plant content of total chlorophyll was significantly increased, The highest level in(G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment which was 5.19 mg/gm. There was significantly increased in the concentration of nutrition elements P, K, N, C in cucumber plant. The treatment (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) recorded highest concentration in phosphor and nitrogen which were (489.4, 3.62) % respectively, The treatment of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) recorded highest concentration of potassium which was (2.975)%. The highest concentration of carbon recorded in B. subtilis treatment which was (34.823) %. 4 - All shoot, root and yield parameters of cucumber were significantly increased under field conditions. The treatment (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) recorded significantly increased in plant height, dry shoot weight, leaf area rate number of flowers, rate number of fruit and fruit weight which were (42.87 cm, 10.85 gm, 631.06 cm2, 19, 17, 1275 gm) respectively. The treatment G. mosseae recorded significantly increased in fresh shoot weight which was (32.76) gm. The treatment with (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) recorded significantly increased in fresh and dry weight of root, root length, root surface area, rate of root diameter, rate number of fruit and fruit weight which were (11.4 gm, 5.5 gm, 151.71 cm, 44.05 cm2, 0.763 mm, 17, 1275 gm) respectively,
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: علي هاشم الموسوي هادي مهدي عبود
اسم المؤلف: رباب مجيد عبد الذهيبي

استجابة ثلاثة اصـناف من حنطة الخبز Triticum aestivum L. باضافة سماد NPKZn والرش بالجبرلين Response of Three Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) 3With Gasprying Fertilizer And NPKZn Cultivars To

المستخلص: A field study was conducted at the farm of Biological Dpartment, College of Education (Ibn Al - Haitham) University of Baghdad during the grown season 2013 - 2014, to study the effect of compound fertilizer NPKZn (15 : 15 : 15 : 1) - Turkish origin was introduced to Iraq recently - in both ) 3(GA acid Gibberellicvarious concentrations of with morphological and chemical indicators, the components of yield, some quality and biological characteristics of three varieties of the Iraqi wheat (Bohoth 22, Alfath, Bohoth158). Experiment was carried out according to the design of complete sectors of randomization [Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)].160) (0 of fertilizer, two levels used experiment Asthree replicates, with ) 015, 100, acid concentrations (25, 50 Gibberellicof fourand 1 - .hKg and three varieties of as well as to the treatment of comparison 1 - .lmg wheat. So the expriement was factorial on (2 x 5 x 3).It included 90 experimental units..The study of components of yield have gone on its : 1. There is difference in these three different varieties Bohoth 22, Alfath, and Bohoth 158 in the studied indicators.The class Bohoth 158 exceeds on the other categories in the following phenotypic indicators (dry weight of vegetative part, space of flag leaf and sustainability of biomass), with increase as like {(17.85, 11.37), (14.66, 7.33) and (17.02, 14.24)}%, respectively, while Bohoth 158 significantly exceeds on the other varieties absolute growth rate. And also the differences were significant between varieties in the following chemical indicators (phosphorus and calcium content and the percentage of protein in the grain) and in the components of yield there was significant increase in the (spike length with awn and without its, the number of spikes, weight of spike and its grains, weight of grains in spike and grains yield), while in the Bohoth 158 there was a significant increase in qualitative and rheological characteristics for the following qualities, (the proportion of wet and dry Glutine, flour absorption susceptibility of water, sedimentation values, ash content in coarse bran compared to others two classes. 2. The results of the study showed that the transactions under the influence of fertilizer has excelled significantly in all the study indicators (morphological and chemical components of yield, quality and rheological) with the exception of the dry weight of roots. acid was the best among Gibberellic 1 - .lmgof 100 concentration 3. The the concentrations giving him the highest average of indicators of morphological and physiological components of yield, quality and rheological. and spray 1 - 160 Kg.hbetween the manure level overlap 4. The result Gibberelllic acid showed 1 - mg.l 100 of concentration under the significant increase in all studied indicators except for the (dry weight of roots, the sustainability of biomass, and 1000 - grain weight) 5.The trio overlap transactions showed exceeding of Bohoth 158 nder the influence u 1 - .hKg160 in level fertilizer of add ithw significantly 22 Bohothcategories : other acid onGibberellic of 1 - .lmgof spraying 100 and Alfath in the following indicators : Dry weightof the flag leaf, spike length with awn, number of spikes, grains yield, the percentage of dry Glutine and the values of sedimentation.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عباس جاسم حسين الساعدي
اسم المؤلف: عبد الجبار جاسم جريان

دور الكاينيتين والسماد المركب (NPKZn) في تحمل نبات الفلفل Capsicum annuum L.)) للاجهاد الملحي Role of The Kinetin And NPKZn In Salt Stress Tolerance of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.)

المستخلص: اجريت تجربة اصص في الحديقة النباتية التابعة لقسم علوم الحياة، كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - ابن الهيثم، جامعة بغداد في الموسم الربيعي عام 2014 هدف الدراسة كان دراسة تاثير تركيزين من كلوريد الصوديوم هي 50) و100) مليمول.لتر - 1 فضلا عن معاملة السيطرة واربعة | The aim of the pots experiment which was conducted in the Botanical Garden of Biology Department in the Faculty of Education /Ibn - Al - Haytham / University of Baghdad, during the spring season of 2014 was the influence of different concentrations of Sodium chloride (50, 100) mM.L - 1 in addition to the control treatment and and Four concentrations of kinetin (25, 50, 75, 100) ppm in addition to the control treatment.It is also aiming to study the effect of application and non application the level 160 Kg.H - 1of NPKZn fertilizer, and their interactions in some morphological characteristics root length, root size, plant height, the internode length, stem diameter, Leaf area, dry weight for root and shoot and the absolute growth rate for shoot.and some physiological characteristics Elements content and protein ratio in root, Elements content, protein ratio, total chlorophyll content, carbohydrates percentage and cytokinine concentration in shoot. Biochemical characteristics (enzyme activity of the enzymes) (SOD, POD and CAT) and some antioxidants that nonenzymatic : (the proline and vitamin C concentration) in shoot. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in shoot, and some Floral morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of fruits (Number of branches, The total number of flowers, Number of blooming flowers, ratio of aborted Flowers, Number of knotted flowers, the number and size of fruits, their wet weight , nitrogen and calcium concentration, protein percentage and vitamin C concentration in fruits of pepper plant California weleander variety.The experiment was designed according to Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD)with three facters kinetin, manure addition and Sodium chloride,) consisting 90 pots. Seedling of pepper plant was planted on 4/2/2014 acompanied by making all agricultural operations of irrigation and the removal of the jungles. results were obtained can be summarized as follows : 1 - The results showed that increasing the concentration of sodium chloride from zero to 100 mM.L - 1 Led to a decline in morphological, physiological and floral characteristics, with and significant increases in the content average of sodium, chloride, The proportion of flowers aborted and biochemical characteristics. The rate quality effectiveness for enzyme SOD increased from 7.24 to 34.66, POD from 8.10 to 26.35 and CAT from 4.91to 39.57 (unite mg protein - 1) , and proline acid content from 23.05 to 40.30 (mg.L - 1) and vitamin C concentration from 2.67 to 3.68 % and Malondialdihyde (MDA) from 1.84 to 3.86 (µM.gm F.W. - 1)2 - As concerns kinetine treatment effect, the results showed a significant increase in the average of morphological, physiological and floral characteristics, and significant decreases in the average of sodium, chloride contents and biochemical characteristics, in the cased increasing in the concentration of kinetine from 0 to 100 ppm caused decreases in the average of quality effectiveness for enzyme SOD from 25.79 to 21.91, POD from 21.83 to 17.20 and CAT from 27.88 to 21.73 (unit mg protein - 1) , and proline acid content from 34.27 to 31.68 (mg.L - 1), Malondialdihyde (MDA) from 3.15 to 2.85 (µM.gm F.W. - 1) and vitamin C concentration from 3.42 to 3.23 %.3 - application the level 160 Kg.H - 1of NPKZn Manure caused a significant increases in all averages morphological, physiological and floral characteristics, and significant decreases in the average of sodium and chloride contents and biochemical characteristics, fertilizing with the level 160 Kg.H - 1of NPKZn fertilizer caused decreases in the average of quality effectiveness for enzyme SOD from 22.03 to 19.88, POD from 17.70 to 14.53 and CAT from 23.34 to 17.34 (unite mg protein - 1) , and proline acid content from 32.84 to 28.93 (mg.L - 1), Malondialdihyde (MDA) from 2.97 to 2. 75 (µM.gm F.W. - 1) and vitamin C concentration from 3.29 to 3.03 %.4 - Results of the bilateral interpenetration between the Fertilization by fertilizer NPKZn and Sodium chloride concentrations, showed that the fertilizations has a positive and effective influence in reducing the negative effects of sodium chloride in all characteristics studied. 5 - The results showed the positive role of kinetine in decreasing the negative effects of sodium chloride Through bilateral overlap between factors. Especially when the concentration of 75 ppm of kinetine and concentration 100 of sodium chloride In all morphological, physiological and biochemical floral characteristics of plant.6 - The results indicated that the Interference between the fertilizer NPKZn and kinetine has a positive and clear role to both factors increase morphological, physiological, floral characteristics and reduce biochemical characteristics.7 - The effect of the triple overlap between study factors was significant, The results showed That plants sprayed kinetine And fertilization led to a significant reduction of most of the negative effects resulting from the of high concentrations of Sodium chloride in all morphological, physiological and flowering traits. Especially in the concentrations 75 ppm kinetine and in the existence of fertilization.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عباس جاسم حسين الساعدي
اسم المؤلف: سعاد عبد سيد الجلالي

دراسة وراثية جزيئية لبكتريا المكورات المعوية البرازية Enterococcus faecalis المعزولة من جذور الاسنان الملتهبة للانسان في بغداد Molecular Genetics Study of Enterococcus Faecalis Isolated From Root Canal Infection of Human In Bagdad

المستخلص: تم التحري عن نسبة وجود بكتريا المكورات المعوية البرازية Enterococcus faecalis في (100) عينة معزولة من اشخاص مصابين بالتهاب قناة جذر السن, اذ تم جمع (70) عينة من الاصابات الابتدائية لقناة الجذر، و(30) عينة من الاصابات الثانوية لقناة الجذر (اعادة العلاج) وم | To detection Enterococcus faecalis in (100) root canal sample were collected from primary and secondary root canal infection patient`s from all the ages (10 - 50) during the period of (August 2013) till (January 2014). Detection depending on cultural & microscobial characteristics of bacterial cell was done to find (45) 0f E. faecalis species & Biochemical tests & Serological diagnosis by Lancefield method done to find (24) isolates of this species & Diagnosis by Vitek2 was done to find (20) isolates of E. faecalis. When the Molecular genetics Diagnosis was done the result showed find (32) isolates belong to E. faecalis. The antibiotic sensitivity test was done by using (14) antibiotics, (5) isolates showed resistant against all antibiotics & the isolates showed multiresistant against for some antibiotics. All the isolates were resistant by (100 %) against (5) antibiotics. To detection of the isolates ability of production of protease enzyme, lipase enzyme, hemolysin enzyme & gelatinase enzyme.The results showed that (24 isolate) (75 %) were protease producer, & (8 isolates) (25 %) were lipase producer, & (16 isolate) (50 %) were hemolysin producer, & (5 isolates) (15.6 %) were gelatin producer. To detection the presence efa A gene of the isolates by used specific primer to this gene, and all isolates
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عذراء حميد حسون
اسم المؤلف: سوزان علي كاظم

تاثير الكلوتاثيون وبيروكسيد الهيدروجين وتداخلهما في بعض الصفات النوعية والكمية لنبات الماش Vigna radiat Effect of Glutathione And Hydrogen Peroxide And Their Interactions On Some of The Quantity And Quality Characteristic of (Mung Bean) Plant Vigna Radiata L.

المستخلص: Two field experiments were conducted during the spring and autum growth season of Vigna radiata L. in the year 2014 at botanical garden of Biology Department, Collage of Education for Pure Science (Ibn AL_Haithem) University of Baghdad.The experiments aimed to study the effect of glutathione and hydrogen peroxide, and their interactions on some of quantity and quality characteristic of plant Vigna radiate L.The treatment of glutathione (0, 25, 50, 75, 100) mg.L - 1 While the H2O2 (0, 5, 10, 15) ml mol. L - 1.The two experiment were designed as Randomized Complete Block Design as factorial experiment with two factors with three replication which included 60 experiment units the area of each one (1×1`) m. Results were analyzed Statistically and compared using average L.S.D at 0.05. The results of the experiments showed that glutathione revealed significantly increased all study parameter espically in 100 mg.L - 1 concentration, stem diameter by 54.56%, 28.04%, leaves number 69.34%, 53.14% for two seasons, fresh weight 44.20% for first season, the dry weight 37.43%, 91.46%, leaf area 61.61%, 151.23%.leaf area index 86.61%, 146.35%, biomass duration 60.48%, 101.06%, absolute growth rate (AGR) 32%, 92.68%, inflorescences number 56.55%, 39.90%, flower`s number 71.97%, 22.60%, root length19.82. %, 26.20%, root dry weight 76.10%, 79.25%, total function of SOD 69.32%, 40.52%, total Function of POD 29.45%, 82.25%, total Function of GPX 30.90 %, 63.62%, chlorophyll concentration of a 73.48%91.40%, chlorophyll concentration of b 35.42%, 17.67% for two seasons respectively. The total chlorophyll content 13.69%, for second season, Caroten concentration 207%, 309%, proline concentration 84.47%, 31.75%, (MDA) concentration 6.25%, 38.35%, glutathione. concentration 41.49%, 23.62 %, H2O2 concentration 52.16%, 33.24%, pods number 17.43%, 16.93%, 100 seeds weight 22.95 % 22.48%, , 93.62%, seeds yield 52.17%, 43.70%, the carbohydrate percentage 64.07%, 19.21 %, the protein percentage 22.32% for first season while the results of effect of soaking seeds with H2O2 specially with 15m ml.L - 1 concentration increased stem diameter 45.52%, 34.00%, leaves number 18.55%, 30.75%, Lateral branch 26.06%, 48.04% for Two seasons respectially, fresh weight 35.45% for first season, dry weight 40.89%, 43.85%, leaf area 53.24%, 64.53%, leaf area index 92.30%, 62.39%, biomass duration 35.35%, 57.53%, abosult growth rate34.78 %, 48%, in, inflorescences number 34.98%, 38.10% flowers number 2.987, 20.13%, root length19.44 %, 19.36%, root dry weight 99%, 96.52% total functhion of (SOD)100%, 2853%, total function of (POD) 176.57%, 40.58%, total function of (CAT)118.29%, 71.78%total functhion of (GPX)12.80%, 61.40%, Caroten concentration 54%for second season, prolineconcentration 40.93%for first season, (MDA) content 17.31% for second season, glutathione concentration, 13.68% 24.29%, H2O2 concentration 26.53%, 30.58%, number of pods 42.77%, 20.51%, seads number /pod 22.93%, 22.93%, 100 seeds Wieght 24.07%, 24.86%, seeds yield 16.69% for first season, the solubly carbohydraty percentage 43.26%for first season, the protein percentage 11.50%, 25.18 % for two seasons respicatlly, while chlorophyll a decreas concentration ed by 15m ml.L1 12.87%for second season, total chlorophyll concentration 39.66%, 26.22 for two season respicatlly. There were high significant interaction between glutathione and H2O2 in all study parameter characters in the two experiments.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: وفاق امجد القيسي
اسم المؤلف: ايمان حسين هادي الحياني

تاثير الجسيمات النانوية للنحاس على بعض اعضاء الجهاز التكاثري الذكري للفئران البيض Mus musculus Effect of Copper Nanoparticles On Some Organs of Male Reproductive System In Albino Mice Mus Musculus

المستخلص: This study was conducted on 20 male of Swiss albino mice, where the main target of this study was to identify the influence of copper nanoparticles (Cu - NPs) on some organs of the male reproductive system. Animals were orally administered with 0.1 ml of 100 mg/kg Cu - NPs for 7, 14, 21 days. Then the animals were dissected in the next day after the end of the dosing period and took from them testes and epididymis (head and tail) to study the parameters in which these particles have affected, and this parameter as follows : 1 - Changes in the weights of each of the animals bodies, testes, tunica albuginea, and epididymis (heads and tails). 2 - Changes in sperm characteristics in testes and epididymis (head and tail), which included : the percentage of live sperms, abnormal sperms and sperm concentration. 3 - Changes in the percentages of the spermatogenic cells, which included : a - Spermatogonia. b - Primary & Secondary Spermatocytes. c - Spermatids. d - Sperms. 4 - Changes in numbers of leydig cells and nuclei diameters. 5 - Changes in diameters of seminiferous tubules and their lining wall thickness. 6 - Changes in thickness and height of epithelial cells in both the head and tail of the epididymis. 7 - Histopathological changes in testes and epididymis (head and tail). Phenotype description of testes from mice treated with copper nanoparticles for a period of 21 days occurrence of congestion and a few amount of fatty material around the testes. The results also revealed a decline in the average body weights on the period of 7 and 21 days of treatment when compared with the weight of the same animals before treatment and the decline was significantly at (P<0.05). Whereas the testes and tunica albuginea weights recorded a significant decrease in their average weights (P<0.05) when compared with control groups. As well as the epididymis weights where showed significantly decrease (P<0.05) in the average of the epididymides heads weights for all three periods of treatment, while a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the average weight of the epididymis tail appear for two periods 7 and 21 days compared with control groups. The study also reported a decrease in the percentage of live sperm and the average sperm concentration and an increase in the percentage of sperm abnormalities extended to all periods of treatment compared with control groups and this change was significant at the level of (P<0.05). The number of leydig cells and nuclei diameters, the results show a decrease in their averages and all the extended treatment period when compared with control groups, and this decrease was significantly at (P<0.05). Treatment with particles of copper nanoparticle indicated a decrease in the percentage of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and sperms in all periods of treatment compared with control groups and this decrease was significantly at the level of (P<0.05). While the results of the study revealed a significant increase at the level of (P<0.05) in the percentage of secondary spermatocytes and spermatids compared with the control animals. The study also showed a significant decrease at the level of (P<0.05) in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules of testes and the wall thickness of the seminiferous tubules for all periods of treatment compared with control groups. As well as a reduction in wall thickness and height of the epithelium in epididymis (head and tail) for all periods of treatment compared with control animals and this decline was significantly at (P<0.05). The current study also recorded a textile damage in the testes and epididymis (head and tail), which summarized the crash of some seminiferous tubules, degeneration of lining cells in tubule, the appearance of vacuole between cells and lifting epithelium from the basement membrane. On this basis, this study has shown for the first time that particles of copper nanoparticles have a negative impact on the effectiveness and activity of the male reproductive system in albino mice.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الفسلجة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: محمد ناجي طه
اسم المؤلف: ايمن راضي حبيب

التاثيرات المرضية النسجية لعقار ليفيتيراسيتام في التكوين الجنيني لكلى اجنة ومواليد وحوامل الجرذ الابيضAlbino rats (Rattus rattus) Histopathological Effect of Levetiracetam Drug On The Kidney Development In Rats Embryo, Newborns And Pregnant Albino Rat (Rattus Rattus)

المستخلص: الصرع هو حالة مزمنة تتميز بنوبات متكررة دون سابق انذار، سببها خلل في نقل الاشارات الكهربائية داخل الدماغ، وعقار Levetiracetam (LEV) من العقاقير المضادة للصرع، ذو خصائص دوائية ملائمة وتظهر فعاليته في تحسين السيطرة على النوبات، ويكون امتصاصه في البلازما سري | Epilepsy is a condition characterized by recurrent abrupt seizures episodes caused by the defect in the transmission of electrical signals to the brain. LEV is one of antiepileptic drugs which has appropriate pharmacological properties and show its effectiveness in improving the control of the epileptic seizers, its rapid absorbance, and its excretion through the kidneys by glomerular filtration and it is re - absorption into the tubular portion.Kidney arise from intermediate mesoderm and it consists of three execratory organs in all vertebrates : pronephros which is transient and present in all vertebrates, mesonephros which also present in all vertebrates embryos and their activity depends upon the type of embryo, and metanephros which is the functional kidney during life after the embryogenesis in reptiles, birds and mammals. The first signals for kidney initiation in albino rat embryo take place in the 10th days of pregnancy. The current study is designed to demonstrate the effect of LEV (350 mg/kg/day) on the kidney development of Albino rat fetus from the age of 8 - 18 days of pregnancy and its effect on the kidneys of the 3 and 7 days aged newborns. In addition to its effect on pregnant rat kidneys treated with the drug for 17 days. Hundred pregnant Albino rat (Rattus rattus) are enrolled in this study, classified blindly to 50 control and 50 pregnant rats are orally treated with LEV (350 mg/kg/day). The histological results of the current study revealed that there is no effect on embryonic kidney in fetuses aged 9 days of pregnancy, whereas, the pronephros of the fetuses aged 10 days shows death of the cells in comparison to control group. Moreover, the kidney of the 11th aged fetuses showed degeneration of the mesonephric duct represented by decrease cellular mass, death and hypertrophy of some cells comparing to the cells of control group. Concerning the kidney of the 12th aged fetuses and subsequent days, there is degeneration of the epithelial cells of the metanephros duct, their detachment from the basement membrane and their congestion in comparison to the cells of the control group. The kidney of the 13th aged fetuses showed swelling, damage for some of the epithelial cells of the glomerulus and collecting tubules, accumulation and shrinkage of glomerular cells, damage, death, and detachment of some collecting tubules cells demonstrated in the 14th aged fetuses. There enlargement of capsular space in addition to the most previous defects was seen in the 15th aged fetuses in comparison to the control group. Most of the previous defects are seen in the 16th, 17th and 18th age fetuses. Scanning electron microscope revealed nuclear enlargement of the podocytes found in the visceral layer of the renal corpuscle of the 16th aged fetuses (mean diameter 64.6 µm compare to 39.2 µm of the control group). Regarding the kidney of 3rd and 7th aged newborns, the histological defects seen in the latest aged fetuses was also seen and there was statistically significant differences (p?0.05) between the diameters mean of the glomerulus of the 3rd and 7th aged newborn. Whereas, there was no significant difference in the diameter of the kidney tubules of 3rd but there was significant difference of the 7th aged newborn. Regarding the kidney of the 17th day treated pregnant rat, there was enlargement of the capsular space caused by accumulation, and degeneration of glomerular cells characterized by loss of the nucleus, shrinkage of the glomeruli, and atrophy of most of them. Loss of the nucleus and detachment of the cells, and swelling of most of the collecting tubules. There was a statistically significant difference between the diameter of the kidney tubules of the pregnant rat and the control group. In conclusion, LEV had histological effect on the kidney of the 10 - 18 aged fetuses and on 3, 7 days aged newborns in addition to its effect on the kidney of the pregnant female treated with the drug for 17 days.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الاجنة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: نهلة عبد الرضا البكري
اسم المؤلف: لمياء هادي محمد الابراهيمي

دراسة نسجية وكيمياء نسجية للقناة الهضمية في طائر فاختة النخيل Streptopelia senegalensis Histological And Histochemical Study of The Alimentary Canal In Laughing Dove Streptopelia Senegalensis

المستخلص: تمثل الدراسة الحالية دراسة التركيب المظهري والنسجي وكيميائية النسيج للقناة الهضمية للحمام البري فاختة النخيل Streptopelia senegalensis, لثمان عينات من النماذج الحية البالغة من الحمام البري التي تم اصطيادها حية باطوال مختلفة, وبعد تخديرها بمادة الكلورفورم, | The present study represent the Anatomical, Histological and Histochemical structures of the alimentary canal in the laughing dove Streptopelia senegalensis, for eight adult specimens of these wild birds were trapped alive in different lengths, The specimens were anaesthetized by chloroform, and then carefully dissected for studying the gross anatomy, the alimentary canal from the proximal esophagus to the cloaca was carefully removed from the body cavity, lengths have been taken for alimentary canal and for each part of it, the alimentary canal divided into small pieces for each part, then fixated with Bouin's solution for general histological studies.Transverse sections of the different studied samples were cut at thickness of 5 - 7microns and the prepared sections were stained with routine stains Haematoxylin and Eosina and special stains for histochemical studies ( (Periodic acid - Schiff (PAS) technique, Alcian blue - PAS method and the Mercury bromophenol blue) ). The present Anatomical study showed the esophagus as long tubular organ, the cervical part of it is longer than the thoracic part and the crop was merely enlargement sac in shape which locate at the entrance of the thorax. The stomach is differentiated into a glandular proventriculus and a muscular ventriculus or gizzard.The small intestine distinguish into duodenum, jejunum and ileum which is the longest part of it, whereas the caeca are very small pair, and the rectum is short tube which end with cloaca, the last part of the alimentary tract. The histological study revealed that the alimentary tract composed of usual four layers; tunica mucosa, tunica sub mucosa, tunica muscular and tunica adventitia or serosa. The mucosal layer of esophagus was arranged in folds which was longer in the cervical part and constituted by nonkertenized stratified squamous epithelium, esophageal glands found just in submucosal tunica of the thoracic part. The crop has the same histological structure as in esophagus but it’s folds are less high than them in esophagus and there is no glands on it. The superior gastric glands of proventriculus were simple tubular glands and the deep gastric glands were compound alveoli glands which involve the submucosa tunica.A thick layer of koilen covers the mucosa of the ventriculus it’s lamina propria had loose connective tissue with simple alveolar glands. The villi of small intestine become shorter toward the rectum, which lining by simple columnar epithelium with striated border, and contain goblet cells which gradually increase in number frequently from the duodenum to the rectum. The histochemical studies revealed that PAS and alcian blue / PAS stains were given positive react in the esophageal glands, mucosa layer of esophagus, crop, stomach, and superior gastric glands and the goblet cells of small intestine and rectum. whereas the alcian blue / PAS were givin weak react in deep gastric glands in the provetriculus and gastric gland of gizzard but goblet cells were givin positive react in small intestine and rectum.Proteins were observed in the mucosa layer of esophagus, glandular stomach, intestine and rectum, when they had taken positive react with Mercuric bromophenol blue stain, but the reaction appeared weak in esophagea glands, intestinal glands and goblet cells.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: مختار خميس محمد سعيد
اسم المؤلف: خولة خلف حسون صادق

تاثير الدقائق النانوية للفضة في بعض الجوانب التركيبية والوظيفية للجهاز التناسلي الذكري للفئران Effect of Silver Nanoparticles On Some Structural And Functional Parameters of Male Reproductive System of Mice

المستخلص: تطرقت هذه الدراسة الى معرفة تاثير الدقائق النانوية للفضة (Ag NPs) في بعض الجوانب التركيبية والوظيفية للجهاز التناسلي الذكري للفئران. جرعت الحيوانات فمويا بالـ Ag NPs بجرعة 5 ملغم/مل وللمدد 5, 10, 15 يوما وفي اليوم التالي لانتهاء كل مدة معاملة تمت التضحية | This study touched to know the effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on some organs of the reproductive system and the testosterone hormone in male albino mice. animals were orally dosed with 200 mg/kg of Ag NPs for 5, 10, 15 days and the next day to the end of each period of treatment has animal sacrificed and autopsy after taking their weights before and after the treatment for the comparison between them and then took the testes and epididymis (head and tail) from them after measuring their weights. This study included the study of changes in the weight of animals and organs, sperm characters in both the testes and epididymis, the percentage of cells generating sperm, the number of Leydig cells and the diameters of these cell nuclei, changes in the seminiferous tubules in the testes and changes in epididymis tubule and histopathological changes as well as changes in testosterone level. The results of the animals weights before treatment showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) compared to the weights of the same animals after treatment, while the results of this study after comparing with the control group showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the weights of testes and tunica albuginea for the periods of 5, 10 and 15 days. The epididymis showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the average weights of the epididymis head for the three periods while the average weights of the epididymis tail showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) for the periods of 10 and 15 days. The vitality and the concentration of the sperms showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in their percentages for the three periods. All the results above showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) when they compared between the three periods of the treatment. While the sperm abnormalities showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in their percentage in each of the testes and epidydimes for the periods 5, 10, 15 days with a significant increase (P<0.05) in these abnormalities when they compared between the three periods of the treatment. The histological results of this study after comparing to the control group revealed histopathological changes in the testes and the epididymis (head and tail). The percentage of spermatogenesis showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the number of spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte and sperms when compared to the control group with a significant decrease in the number of these cells when compared the three treatment periods with each other. While the number of secondary spermatocyte and spermatids was significantly increased (P<0.05) when compared with the control, with a significant increase in the number of these cells when comparing the three periods of treatment. Whereas the results of Leydig cells after comparing to the control group showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the number and the diameter of the cell nucleus. The results of this study also showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the thickness and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules of the testes and the thickness, The epithelium height of the epididymis (head and tail) when compared to the control group with significantly decrease in the thickness and diameter of the seminiferous tubules of the testes and the thickness and epithelium height of the epididymis (head and tail) when they compared between the three treatment periods. The results of this study when compared to the control group showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the level of the testosterone hormone with significantly increase (P<0.05) in the testosterone level when compared between the periods of 5, 10, 15 days. From these findings it is concluded that the AgNps crossed the blood - testis barrier and caused many changes to the testicular tissues and decreased the level of the testosterone. This may affect the fertility of mice.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الفسلجة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: محمد ناجي طه
اسم المؤلف: امير محمد جعفر علي حسين البلداوي

تاثير تربية الاسماك بالاقفاص الموضوعة في نهر دجلة المار بمدينة بغداد في مجتمع الهائمات القشرية The Impact of Fish Farming By Cages Placed In The Tigris River At Baghdad City On The Community of Crustacean Zooplankton

المستخلص: ان الاثار البيئية لزراعة الاسماك في اقفاص التربية في العراق لم تتم دراستها بصورة جيدة،علما ان هذا النشاط يمارس على نحو متزايد وهناك حاجة كبيرة لدراسة الاثار المترتبة على ذلك.اجريت الدراسة الحالية على مواقع اقفاص تربية الاسماك في نهر دجلة شمال بغداد للتعر | The present study took place on fish farming cages located in the Tigris River in the north Baghdad, to in order to study the effects of high fish densities on zooplankton communies in addition to study of some physical and chemical factors.The environmental effects of fish farming in cages in Iraq have not been studied well, knowing that this activity is practiced increasingly and there was a significant need to study the implications of this important mater.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of carpfish farming cages on the density of zooplankton in the Tigris River, The samples were taken twiece a month form the three stations for six months from January to June 2014 in three selected stations in the river stream : the first place was Al - Rashidiya station which located in Al - Rashidiya area (Kadhim Al - Ali), 5 km from tourist Baghdad island and the second station was Algriaat 1 which located in Algriaat area in Rusafa side of Baghdad city corresponding to the Kadhimiya near the bridge of riverain pedestrian (Al - Duab bridge) connecting between Al - Rashidiya, while the Al - Kadhimiya and the third station was Algriaat 2 which located in Algria’at zone corresponding to the area of Kadhimiya.The study included the identification studying the density of three grops of zooplankton which were Calanoida, Cyclopoida and Cladocera in addition to the measurement of some physical and chemical characteristics of river water and its effect on the three zooplankton community according to their importance, which included velocity of water current, water temperature electrical Conductivity and Salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen(DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), phosphate concentration and nitrate concentration. The results of the present study showed that the density of Cladocera. Was lower than the densities of Calanoida & Cyclopida in the three station. on the other hand the current study showed that the densities of both Calanoida and Cyclopoida were oscillatory during the months of th study between highest and lowest, without in statistically significant differences, but the highest densities in June, and this study shows that the highest densities of the three groups of zooplankton were recorded in June. The present study showed a negative effect of the high density of the fish in the cages on the density rate of planktonic crustacea by reducing the numbers and the density of planktonic crustacea community inside cages. Compared with planktonic crustacea community outside the cages and with those within 100 meters far from cages, the differences were statisticaly singnficance.On the other hand regarding to the results of the physical and chemical factors it was found a highest that the velocity of water current rate was 82.50 cm/s in Algria’at 2, while the lowest was 43.33 cm/s in Al - Rashidiya station.Water temperatures ranged between 9C° in Algria’at 2 to 32C° in Al - Rashidiya station during the study period.The highest rate of electrical conductivity was 1032.00 ?S/cm in Algria’at 1, while the lowest was 765.25 ?S/cm in Al - Rashidiya station, while the highest rate of the salinity concentration in the fish cages was 0.66 mg/L in Algria’at 1 and the lowest concentration of salinity was in Al - Rashidiya 0.48 mg/L.pH values ranged between 7.20 in Algria’at 2 to 8.05 in Algria’at 1 in March for both stations, whil the concentration of dissolved Oxygen in water concentration ranged between 5.95 mg/l in Al - Rashidiya to 7.70 in Al - Rashidiya and Algriaat 1. and the Biological Oxygen Demand ranged was between 4.11 mg/l in Algriaat 1 to 6.50 mg/L in Al - Rashidiya station during February for both stations. It was also found that the lowest concentration of phosphate was 0.016 ml/l in Algriaat 2 in april while the highest concentration was 0.075 mg/l algreaat2 in march Also it was found that the lowest cocentration of nitrate 0.82 mg/l was recorded in al griaat 2 in fabruart while the highest conceneation 1.90 mg/l was recorded in Al Rashidya in june.All the results of the physical and chemical factors founded were within normal allowable environmentally boundaries and which have no effect on the aquatic planktonic crustacea community.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - اللافقريات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: صباح فرج عبد الاحد
اسم المؤلف: حارث قاسم مهدي

التاثيرات النسجية والدمية وبعض النواحي الوظيفية لعقار البيروكسيكام في ذكور الفئران البيض Mus musculus Histological And Hematological Effects And Some Physiological Aspects of Piroxicam In Male Albino Mice Mus Musculus

المستخلص: The current study aimed to detect the effect of Piroxicam in making behavioral, hematological and physiological changes in the kidneys of adult male albino mice Mus musculus, The present study also included measuring the diameters of glomeruli, proximal and distal convoluted tubules as well as the histopathological study.A total number of (128) adult male albino mice were utilized in this study, they were randomly distributed into four main groups, the first three groups were orally treated with concentration (50, 100, 150) mg/kg respectively, the forth group considered as control group were orally treated with (0.1) ml of distilled water for eight weeks, the samples were collected every two weeks for the histological study, blood samples were withdrawn for the hematological and physiological studies.The current study showed that there were behavioral changes observed on the experimental animals, represented by reluctance to food intake, lethargy, tremor, introversion, fast breathing, change in eye’s color and blackened feces, and the intensity of these symptoms increases with the increment of concentration and administration period.The statistical study results revealed that there was significant decrease at (P<0.05) in the mean numbers of red blood corpuscles, hemoglobin concentration and the percentage of packed cells volume in orally treated groups with (50, 100, 150) mg/kg for (6, 8) weeks of administration in comparison with control group, as for the white blood cells the statistical results for this study showed significant increase (P<0.05) in their mean number in treated groups with concentration (100, 150) mg/kg for (6, 8) weeks of administration compared to the control, whereas the groups treated with concentration of (50) mg/kg showed no significant changes along the administration period.Also all the concentrations showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the mean concentration of urea, creatinine and potassium ion in the blood serum of orally treated mice at the last weeks of administration in comparison with the control group.The statistical results of the present study also revealed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the mean diameters of renal glomeruli of the treated groups with concentration (50, 100, 150) mg/kg for eight weeks while there were non - significant differences in other periods, also there was non - significant decrease in the mean diameters of proximal convoluted tubules in the treated groups with concentration of (50, 100, 150) mg/kg in all periods except the period four weeks it showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the mean diameters of proximal convoluted tubules of the groups treated with the concentration (100, 150) mg/kg in comparison with control group. The statistical results also clarified that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the mean diameters of distal convoluted tubules of the treated groups with concentration (100, 150) mg/kg for six and eight weeks of administration, while the group treated with concentration (50) mg/kg had no significant differences over the whole administration period.The study also recorded the presence of histopathological symptoms in the kidneys of treated mice with the dose (50)mg/kg represented by hemorrhage, vascular congestion, calcium casts formation inside the lumens of renal tubules, while the groups treated with (100)mg/kg of the drug showed a fibrin deposition inside renal tubular lumens, infiltration of inflammatory cells, cytoplasmic vacuolation in the epithelial cells of the renal tubules, and sloughing epithelium of renal tubules, while in the medullary region, there were epithelial cells atrophy in the renal tubules. The histological examination of mice kidneys treated with (150) mg/kg showed the appearance of hyalinization, shrinkage and complete loss of glomeruli, Pyknosis of nucleus and fibrosis around the blood vessels as well as the presence of oedema which occupied a large area of the kidney tissue
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الانسجة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: انتظار محمد مناتي
اسم المؤلف: بشرى عمر احمد معروف

تقييم نوعية المياة الصناعية ووحدات المعالجة لمعمل النسيج القطني في الكاظمية Evaluation of The Industrial Wstewater And Treatment In Al - Kadhimia Cotton Weaving Industry

المستخلص: This study includes two axis, the first one determined the physical and chemical characteristics for several concentrations of industrial wastewater of cotton textile factory, that located in Al - Kadhmiya, which are disposable to the main assembly in the treatment unit (first unit) of the factory ; Also the final water quality was evaluated after the treatment in the fourth unite and compared with normal environmental averages (or compared with acceptable limits for discharged.The second axis of this study assessed the efficiency of the physical and chemical treatments in the third unit, and also the biological treatments in the fourth unit through detecting the removal percentage for each stage of the treatment to evaluated the treatment unit efficiency of this factory. Samples were collected from four treatment units for six month, single sample was collected per two weeks.The (local, field) tests were assessed for the collected samples including (Temperature, PH, DO and EC, while the laboratory tests included TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, oil and grease, So4 - 2 and heavy metals such as Pb, Zn and Cr).The results showed that the temperature values were with (normal range) acceptable limits (22.3C?) in the first unit and (19.8C?) in the fourth unit; PH values also were within normal limits in the almost treatment units (neutral), however, the electrical conductivity average was 3123?c/cm in the first unit, and 1101 ?c/cm in the fourth unit ; Moreover, the average values of COD were 580 mg/L in the first unit and 163 mg/L in the fourth unit. The removal percentage was 41% in the primary sedimentation in thesecond unit while it was 36% in the third unit for biological treatment.The BOD values were 487 and 302 mg /L in the first and fourth unit respectively ; the removal rates were 27% and 29% for primary sedimentation stage and biological treatment respectively and these rates are acceptable for normal limits.In general, the final treatment concentration was 302 mg/L in the fourth unit which is normal environmental rang, and also BOD concentration was not exceeded the environmental limits in the final stage of the treatment while the total percentage dissolved salts were 37% and 22% for the third unit which are normal in comparison to the Iraqi limits after the treatment for the fourth unit (703mg/L). Furthermore, the results of suspended solids found that the removal percentage was 76% for the second unit and 43%for the third unit while the total concentration of the last treatment was 61mg/L which is with normal limits, also the concentration of lipids of oils and grease was 0.8 mg/L for the fourth unit, while the removal percentage was efficient for the primary sedimentation and biological treatment. The heavy metals concentraitions were now with water and the main assembly tank and this was within normal environmental limits.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: سهير ازهر الكاظمي
اسم المؤلف: اسيل حسين محمد السعداوي

دراسة تصنيفية لبعض مراتب الجنس Ranunculus L. (Ranunculaceae في العراق A Taxonomic Study of Some Taxa of The Genus Ranunculus L. (Ranunculaceae) In Iraq

المستخلص: “The current research dealed with fourteen taxa belonging to the genus Ranunculus L., Family Ranunculaceae that grown in Iraq. The study included the gross general morphological and micromorphological characters, the Pollen grains also were studied and the chemical compounds (Flavonoids), Ecological and geographical distribution and taxonomic treatment have been done. Also botanical key was puted to separate the Taxa”.“General survey for the Phytogeographical districts where the taxa spread in, and the result was a large crowds of samples, and new locations of taxa distribution were recorded. The specimens in the Iraqi herbaria were studied after ensuring that it was correctly identified”. “Comparative morphological study was undertaken to all plants parts of taxa including the roots, leaves, stipules, flowering parts and fruiting parts. Charts, diagrams, tables were drawn and accompanying with natural images for different morphological characteristics, as well as the field images that are important for the study. This study showed that all the taxa of the genus were herbs that are annual or perennial. There was agreat important for the roots, stems and there Indumentum, the presence orabsence of stipules, shape and size and margin of basal leaves and cauline leaves and leafy bract, the shape of sepals and their numbers and their Indumentum, the numbers and shape of Petals and their colors, the number of Stamens and the colors of Anthers, the shape of ovary and their indumentum, presence or absence of style as it was very useful for the taxonomic identification and separation of the studied taxa. As well as the fruiting parts including the length of fruiting peduncle, the fruiting receptacle, the fruiting head and its shapes and their dimensions, the number of Achene Fruitlets and their sizes, colors and Beak shape. Also the surface configuration of the fruitlets Surface has been studied by (SEM) as it wae either hairy or tuberculate - hairy or Transversely rugose or muricate or reticulate or reticulate - minutly rugose or granular or granular - hairy or granular - hairy tuberculate or spinulose”.“The study of the micro - morphological characters of hairs, leaves epidermal cells and the stomatal complex, have a taxonomic importance of supporting the morphological characters in separation and identification of the genus taxa”.“The study show that the pollen grains have a taxonomic importance because of their difference in shape, dimensions, the wall thickness and their ornamentation. It was either apolar which was spheroidal and pantoporate, or isopolar which has different shapes in the equatorial view it was spheroidal, subprolate and oblate - spheroidal, it was either 3 - colpate, 4 - colpate or 5 - colpat.the colpate where either zonocolpate or syncolpate in the form of parasyncolpate. The ornamentation were verucate, echinateand scabrate”. “The chemical study also has an importance in separation of the genus taxa, six flavonoid compounds were diagnosed by using” HPLC wich are Kaempferol, Vitexin, Orientin, Quercetin, Iso - vitexin and Iso - orientin. According to the presence or absence of those structures cluster analysis where done for the results of the flavonoid compounds and the taxa where divided into groups that reveal the chemical relationships between them.dendogram where performed which also show the chemical relationships between the taxa by using UPGMA method and NTSYS program issue 21. the study shows that the presence and distribution of those compounds vary according to the variation in the plant distribution the study shows that some of the taxa have “the same compounds which enhance its belonging to the Ranunculus genus”. “Through field surveys and information installed on the herbarium samples, the taxa where distributed on their growth areas, and maps have been drawn for taxa distribution in the Iraqi natural geographical. Most of the taxa were distributed in N. and N.E of Iraq regions districts especially in MAM, MSU, MRO, and FBF districts. We notice that MSU district has a great number of the plants under the study as we found there are all the taxa accept one”. This study helps to detect distribution areas for some taxa that have been not mentioned in the Iraqi flora or other records which are R.kotschyi and R.trichophyllus var.trichophyllus. Also the study records distribution for the new species R.chius in MAM district which hasn't been mentioned in the Iraqi flora in this district before. Finally all the taxa were classified and the botanical key was done to separate them.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: مازن نواف عبود العاني
اسم المؤلف: علي طالب محمد الطائي