اسم المؤلف: محمد رضيوي فجر محمد الحميداوي

اسم المشرف: علي ناصر حسين

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The "Maronites theme and their role in Lebanon's internal political life of the period from 1919 - 1958" of important topics in the contemporary history of Lebanon, as such a historic stage Lebanon underwent the control of the Maronite full but promised Lebanon "national home a Christian" in the heart of the Arab - Muslim world, as It proved the existence of this nation great powers in 1861, and determine the time frame of the thesis the year 1919, and to the fact that this year has seen the formation of a delegation Maronite under the chairmanship of Patriarch Amaroni Elias Howayek, whose mission was basic load Maronites ambitions of great powers meeting in Versailles in Paris to put the post - World War settlements first, to obtain the independence of Mount Lebanon as an independent state under French protection without the merger Syrian unity, and actually this delegation succeeded to obtain French promises to achieve Maronites ambitions and enhance their control over the internal political life in Lebanon, while the end of the time frame of the thesis the year 1958, to the fact that this year has witnessed a popular uprising Lebanese ended President Maronite rule Camille Chamoun, and curbed the role of political Maronites, and reduced their influence absolute on the rest of the other Lebanese sects, and It should be noted that this issue has not seen any previous studies have focused on the show Maronite role in the internal political life in Lebanon for a period of study, in detail, so this study is the first of its kind in academic studies in universities, and here lies the importance of the subject. The thesis is divided to this introduction, smoothing, and four chapters, and a conclusion, were distributed as follows : - Introduction : - it addressed the importance of the subject and the time frame of the thesis, as well as the sources relied upon by the study analysis.Preface : - focused on "the historical roots of the emergence of the Maronite community in Lebanon until 1918". Chapter One : political developments in Lebanon and the intervention of the Maronite 1919 - 1925.Section IV : Maronites under the French mandate 1923 - 1925 policy.Chapter II : The position of the Maronite Albannanah1926 - 1938 internal situation.Chapter III : Maronites internal political issues in Banan1939 - 1946. Chapter IV : Maronite role in domestic politics Albannanah1947 - 1957. Conclusion : - in which the researcher has shown what findings. Thesis was based on a variety of sources and come in the forefront of the documents published and unpublished, including Iraqi ownership documents unpublished and saved in the Iraq National Library and Archive in Baghdad, and of the reports of embassies and legations and consulates in Beirut and Damascus, the Iraqi Foreign Ministry, as formed in their information essential material for the thesis, and helped to largely in the detection of many of the aspects related to the topic, particularly since their importance is being issued by the contemporary sources of the events, as well as the use of Lebanese documents unpublished represented archive of the Maronite Patriarchate and saved in the Patriarchate headquarters in Bkirki, which enriched the thesis many information through correspondence It has between Maronite Patriarch and the various Lebanese politicians and that relate to the development of the Lebanese political situation, while the documents French and of documents of the French Foreign Ministry and preserved at the American University of Beirut, was her share of the thesis and providing them with many of the information pertaining to the study, especially in the first chapter of the study, The documents for the US Embassy in Beirut and the United States Department of the Ministry and preserved in the form of Micro did in Iraq National Library and Archive in Baghdad stake in the thesis provide some important information. The roots of the Maronites due to the Yemen Arab tribes that settled in the Levant, and converted to Christianity, which was rejected by the Jews, and managed these tribes from spreading at the beginning of the fifth century AD in northern Syria, but moved in the seventh century and settled in the northern parts of Lebanon, known as Mount Lebanon. Faced Maronites during successive ages many cases of persecution, but they were able to restore their power through their alliance with the Crusaders, but that did not last long, as soon collapsed alliance against Ottoman rule, during the period of the provision in question, but they regained their strength again after control meteor family power in Lebanon, as this family turned to Christianity, which the forces of fork Maronites, and gave them a strong momentum for expansion at the expense of other communities even in 1843, as it entered the Maronites in a new historical phase, marked by competing foreign on Lebanon, which led to the do Alqaimmqametin system, which resulted in the many wars that ended with the establishment of Almtsrvip system in 1861, which lasted until 1915. Enables the Maronites of achieving their dream of establishing their own political entity to them after their French promises in Magistrates' conference in Paris in 1919, the creation of the state of Greater Lebanon, which has already been under resolution 318 in the atheist and the thirtieth of August 1920, and imposed their hegemony on Lebanon, which was an expression of French interests and a reflection of the policy of mandatory French achieved by them Maronites, and based on the deepening of the contradiction between the Lebanese communities through the acquisition of the economic capabilities of the Lebanese state.It reinforced the Maronites and their presence in the Lebanese entity through French support them in the constitutional institutions, especially in the representative councils that have been adopted primarily on the census, which sought through which the French authorities make the Maronites more numerous than the rest of other communities, which make them account for the lion's share of jobs Government representative councils and high - level positions.Maronites Fort themselves constitutionally through the incorporation into the Constitution which was announced in the twenty - second of May 1926, many of the constitutional articles which gave them great privileges were able which make the state institutions in the interests of the service, as it took over the post of president of the republic, which grants privileges and powers of the very broad not It gets them any President of the Republic in the world, and a demonstration of that rejection for waiver of the Maronite presidency of the Republic of any other denomination, and this is what happened in 1932, and in cooperation with the French Commission, which intervened in their favor, and has disabled the Constitution until 1936.Lined Maronites in Lebanon about a polar Maronite policy and key are Bechara El Khoury, who represented the moderate trend of the Maronites, while such as Emile birth trend isolationist of the Maronites, and this is reflected on the political orientations of the Maronites, and who supported the majority Bechara El Khoury direction until 1943, when everyone unites in in November of the same year the crisis, but that did not last long, as it collapsed autism Maronite front of Bechara El Khoury's policy of nepotism, corruption and the spread of corruption, and that the effects of other Lebanese sects against Maronites, so I tried hard to maintain their earnings and protection from loss, because of the actions is studied by the President of the Republic, Fady then split the Maronites themselves, which is reflected provoked by the 1952 uprising, which ousted the gospel Khoury, came Bkamil Shimon for the presidency, but the new president did not learn a lesson from the mistakes of those before, returned to practice the same policy, Maronites, raising again, fearing for their interests from being lost, especially after it came to the case of the popular ferment culminated in elections in 1957, and the explosion of the situation and out of control in the bloody events in May 1958.

الملخص:

المصادر:

المذاهب الاسلامية واثرها على الحياة السياسية والاجتماعية في بلاد اليمن (132 - 569هـ / 749 - 1174م) == Islamic Doctrines And Their Impact On The Political And Social Life In The Country Of Yemen (132 - 569H / 749 - 1174M)

اسم المؤلف: محمد حسين ابراهيم العامري

اسم المشرف: هيفاء عاصم محمد الطيار

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Prayer and peace be upon the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers Mohammed bin Abdullah honest and trustworthy, and The God of the good and virtuous, and from above and to the Day of Judgement and after : After the expiry of the era of the legislation and the transfer of the amount of Sharia and Mosul about God U flag and holder his message to his creation Muhammad ibn Abd Allah (peace be upon him) to GBS in 11 AH, the need arises to release what it says (peace be upon him) from his Lord and the development of legal provisions of it, due to the update of the facts and things did not face the Muslims did not occur to them at the time of the Prophet (peace be upon him), Vajtahed where people of diligence and spent and have stated they began, has emerged gradually and in stages different opinions in legal provisions, as a result of the different intellectual and scientific trends and perspectives of the Companions and followers and then of jurists in understanding some of the texts and interpreted, and this difference resulted in understanding and derive rulings to the emergence of the so - called later doctrines of fiqh or Islamic doctrines exploited by fanatics and fools and made it political parties divide where it should unite and unite where it should differentiate, and they have taken a shovel to destroy the unity of Muslims and an excuse to throw the seeds of discord which has had the greatest impact on social life and disturbing disorder political conditions in the Arab countries of the Muslims, making up for grabs Tlthmanm Nations.The nature of the country Yemen and geographic composition of tribal and extremism location for the center of the Islamic Caliphate, whether in Medina or the Levant or Baghdad following the Islamic doctrines and invitations anti - succession took the road it took the ancient ones have Lured center of their activity to achieve their political and ideological goals, taking advantage of the mountainous nature of the rugged Mtakvenha protective shield sheltering him, and Islamic doctrines as a pretext for the assumption of the reins of government in the country has been able to Hola of the founding states in the country of Yemen List on the basis of doctrinal different political affiliation. Some of them showed loyalty to the Abbasid Caliphate, others boarded them and showed loyalty to the Fatimid caliphate and some of them did not condemn allegiance to either of them, and therefore has become Yemen torn limb and control the affairs of states list on the basis of doctrinal So witnessed the country's Yemen bloody military conflicts still raised the capital to this day, the Yemeni society deprived the stability element of which is the basis of life and development in all fields Vahml Yemenis economic life and dragged to the intellectual conflict and war fueled doctrines expatriate them, and due to it came to the subject of our choice ((Islamic sects and their impact on the political and social life in the country of Yemen (132 - 569h / 749 - 1174m))) for consideration. Where he remains Yemen Islamic history is the political and cultural Bavagah fertile ground for researchers and scholars in the field of Islamic history and Islamic civilization.These studies are arranged in front and two doors and a conclusion and supplements and a list of sources and references. The first section titled : Nature Yemen geographical and Islam, its people and political conditions of the year 11 AH - 204 AH has included two chapters, which included the first chapter : two axes first we dealt with the origin designation Yemen language and idiomatically, then Oakbna by examining the nature of Yemen geographical Vaherna to its borders and natural divisions and topography of Yemen and climate, and then explained what was to site Yemen and topography of the impact on the country's political and religious life, while the second axis have we pointed it to the spread of pagan religion, Judaism and Christianity in the country of Yemen, and he two of the effect on the country's political life before Islam and the Islam of its people, then we dealt with the spread of Islam, which has been a peaceful manner where he converted the people of Yemen Islam Bonevs obedience and willing without a fight and made it clear where their reasons for this, as we pointed out where the delegations that presented to Medina to meet the Prophet (peace be upon him) to declare Islam, and also referred to the Prophet r workers on Yemen. The second chapter highlighted the political situation of Yemen of the year (11 AH - 204 AH) we dealt with the apostasy movements that have emerged in the country of Yemen during the era Rashidi (11 - 40 e) How did the Caliph Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) from elimination; and and we have made clear the position of the people of Yemen conflict that existed between the Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, u and Muawiyah. As we pointed out to the revolutions and uprisings witnessed by the country's Yemen during the Umayyad period (41 - 132h) and the reasons that led them to it. And also referred to the situation of the people of Yemen during the first Abbasid Period (132 - 204 AH) and witnessed the country of revolutions and uprisings, and as we pointed out the direction of the safe country of Yemen, which encouraged the division of the country into warring statelets policy. All this has permeated said to the governors of the Caliphs and the Umayyad caliphs and Bani Abbas to Yemen during this time period.The second section was titled : the emergence and spread of Islamic sects in the country of Yemen and its impact on areas of Yemen, political and social. This section included three chapters. We had in the first quarter beginning entry Sunni sects (Hanafi and Maliki and Shafi'i and Hanbali) and doctrines Shiite (Ismaili and Zaidi) to the country of Yemen with a brief study tried through which to offer a broad definition to the owners of these doctrines with male factors that helped to spread in the country of Yemen, Chapter II in which we have considered the effect of these doctrines on aspects of Yemen's political has led these doctrines spread in the country of Yemen to do several states founders of Islamic doctrines taken as a pretext for the assumption of the reins of government, where he was a Sunni some of them represent the state of the sons Ziad (ZIYADI) and the State of brown dust and the state of Bani success (Nagahah) and the state of Bani Mahdi, others Shiite represent the state Ismailia first second State Ismailia (Sulayhid) and State Zaidi and the state of Bani Zerai (Alzerieih) has this mini - states we dealt with in a focused study we gave them a clear picture of each of them in terms of origins and kings, conflicts and alliances that were List with each other and we ended our study of each state by mentioning an end, and focused the third quarter to mention the impact of Islamic schools of thought on aspects of Yemen's social explained the effect of these doctrines in the division of Yemeni society and its regions on a sectarian basis and to the rise of Yemeni women, as well as the rise of slaves (Ethiopians

الملخص:

المصادر:

الدعاية المذهبية والسياسية في بلاد المغرب خلال القرنين الثاني والثالث الهجريين == The Political And Doctrinal Propaganda In Al - Magherb States During The Second And Third Centuries Of Hijra

اسم المؤلف: فرح مصطفى قاسم الموسوي

اسم المشرف: كريم عاتي لعيبي الخزاعي

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Al - Maghreb has witnessed during the second and third centuries of Hijra\ eighth and ninth centuries AC has witnessed political and doctrinal propaganda which used the form the main aim was to form their own state so that they can practice their own doctrine freely. It is clear from the study that the propaganda is a mean used to achieve certain purpose that the propaganda is made for many factors which are mentioned in summary : The first factor : the leaders of the propaganda who put the foundation and styles of the choice of the promotions. The second factor : the propagandists have the main task. The success of the propaganda depends on the smartness of the propaganda and amount of effort.The third factor : the environment in which the propagandist spread his ideas is an important factor.The fourth factor : the political situation of the country helps to establish states. When we find people are dissatisfied with the authority, we can spread your ideas easily with the least costs and efforts. In addition to the factors above, there is an indirect factor used by the propagandists which is the secrecy in which they promote their ideas for their care to promote their ideas. Thus, they manage to establish a political entity which was the result of spreading their doctrinal propaganda. They were able to find believers in them and their ideas in a way they can make revolutions against the authority and make their own states. That was clear in the middle of 2nd century of Hijra. There were three states; the first was deconverted from Islam to atheism while the callers of the khawarij manage to establish two states each represent the propagandists. The means of the propagandists they followed to spread their propaganda on the religious and mundane levels were the different doctrines spread in the Maghreb states in a very close time period. Different states were held in Maghreb during the two century period each one was different form the other in doctrine and sect. The propaganda material was also varied and different according to the need for it and the environment in which the propaganda was spread. It was fat material which incorporated the hadith of prophet and the predictions and blessings of the Mahdi and the slogan of the satisfaction for the posterity of the prophet (PBUH).

الملخص:

المصادر:

كتب الرسول (صلى الله عليه واله وسلم) ورسائله للدعوة الى الاسلام : دراسة تاريخية == Books Of The Messenger ( Peace And Blessing Be Upon Him Family ) And His Letters To Call For Islam (Historical Study)

اسم المؤلف: غسان هادي زغير الجبوري

اسم المشرف: قصي اسعد عبد الحميد الراوي

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: with the bow in front of the great name of al - Mustafa Muhammad ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) who brights address and search pages from beginning to end, together with the intentionto accept an amnesty for all guilts from me and my pen has no power to provide more. The spread of any religion and footing in the minds and souls depends on the content and its contents in the right call and offering comprehensively in the Islamic religion these pillars of Islam is of the origins and concepts apply to the instinct humanity, it calls for the Justice and charity and to avoid oppression and aggression and look into the kingdom of heaven and earth? , it claims also to science, reading and writing and other social and ethical concepts that agree encroachment of humans and minds supportit without exception, Koran seek all the power and the means possible to install the constitution of human life, it says to Prophet) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) and ordering him (warning - evangelization - advocacy - reporting - rift - beautiful - recall - the statement - and education) for conveying the message of the Islamic to the people in every possible image, the Messenger of Allah ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) did this matter to the fullest and show Islam complete and powerful presentation, he called his family and his relatives first and then his people and the sons of his own people, and when the matter has been restored to him and settled in Medina, he called to the various parts of the earth and sent his companions), God bless them) to kings and princes and people and tribes and groups to invite them to Islam. It should be noted that Khudaibiya is starting the Islamic Dawa out of the Arabian Peninsula point to include kings and princes of the world was not the oral call, but it was in the form of books and messages dictated by the Messenger of Allah) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) on his book and sent with his messengers to call people to Islam and religion right It is worth mentioning that these books and letters prophetic impact Islam because they are issued by the Messenger of humanity Prophet Muhammad) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) and this letters are not limited to one side, but in different aspects of them, letters in the secretariats for those who safest, and letters in Aloqtaat, and letters in the covenants and conventions, and letters in charity and Zakat and quintiles, and letters in sentences and the statutes and the laws, and he wrote to his commanders and warlords of armies , and letters in the call of Islam, which are the focus of research and was an effect on the search and spotlight by recalling the efforts of the Great Prophet Muhammad) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) It should also be noted that the impires Byzantine and Persian and their control over a wide impact is clear in the region areas, and when he called them the Messenger of Allah) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) (to Islam they refused his call, the Prophet) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) the kings and princes who under these two control impires Some of them answered and some of them perished, so it was for these books and messages of impact in Islam. The study required by the nature of the material that is divided into an introduction and three chapters and a conclusion and a list of sources and supplements. The first chapter was titled (writing and writers in the heart of Islam) has included the three sections, the first topic : the importance of writing in Islam through the Holy Quran and prophetic traditions and sayings of Ahl al - Bayt (peace be upon them) and sayings of the Companions), God bless them) and the second topic highlighted the illiteracy and the eloquence of the Prophet) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) and the third section : a book titled Prophet ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) The second chapter titled (books and messages of the Prophet) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) in the Arabian Peninsula) have included two sections : the first topic was titled : books and messages of the Prophet) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) to individuals (personalities) The second section titled : books and messages of the Prophet) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) to the tribes and groups. The third chapter of the study was entitled (books and messages of the Prophet) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) to the Byzantine and Persian impires It is in their authority and included two sections : first section titled books and messages of the Prophet), ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) to the Roman Caesar and his power ; The second section, entitled : books and messages of the Prophet) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) to Kisra and his power.

الملخص:

المصادر: