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الحياة الفكـرية في مدينة الكاظمـية (1921 - 1958) The Ideological side for the Kadumya city 1921 - 1958

اسم المؤلف: رضا كريم محمد عبد الحسين العامري
اسم المشرف: سهيل صبحي سلمان الخزرجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of the ideological side for the Kadumya city has the special importance. Cause it mean the clearance of the fact for this city through the targets and the functions according to the visual of the ideological study for the Ahlul Bait (peace of them).The important of this study is detect the secrets of this city that known us the important Iraqian city depend on the Historical side. That is act on the accidents the 20th century. Cause it became the leader of a lot of muslems and act as castle for the Eslam in according of it's feature and Reference in Religion Kadumya has the glories position cause it has the Shranes of Musa al - Kadum and Muhammad Al - Jawad, this feature give ideological rise(revolution) and making complicated mixture from Religions currents, and marksian, homelands, democrats Transitions acting with the changing in the world of Kadumya a adopt the Religion current and the idea of the Saving the History and civilization and developing with Islamic ZONE.Furthermore the gathering with the new age of change this genate new ideological mode in this city on all the life sides.There are a lot of reasons push me to select this object the important reason is the Ideological side for this city during the Royal age (Kingdome of Iraq) this periods has no attempts Tuesday or analyses from the searchers and Specialists. This Ideological Side stay without any attempt of deeping study to analysis the Ideological, Philosophical of this city, and the contacts with the real life of Iraq.The another target of this study and clear the acting of this city to guide the direction of minting cause it become the school of Ideology that generate anew culture (uniqe) hase from science and important tool and weapon that adopted by the Ideological men for develop a new Idology for the people of Iraq. The recent study is divided for five partition and Abstract, The part one is the Kadumya city develop and the second part Explain the Intellectual ten in Kadumya city since nineteen twenty part is discussion in famous pinorsin Kadumya city and Intellectual produced since (1921 - 58. The fourth part is include the reformation Intellectual Share in (1921 - 1958).

الاوضاع الاجتماعية في مدينة استانبول واثر اتجاهات التغريب فيها 1876 - 1908 Social conditions in the city of Istanbul and the impact of westernization trends in it (1908 - 1876)

اسم المؤلف: ندى كامل تايه النعيمي
اسم المشرف: جميل موسى النجار
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Like many other empires in human history, the Ottoman Empire seems to come from nowhere. Often the rise of a new hegemon is a result of the vacuum of power that an old empire leaves behind after entering a period of political and cultural decline. The Turks, or the future Ottomans, had become hegemons in the Middle East and South Eastern Europe not only because of their extraordinary political and military organization, but also because of the exhaustion of the older empires Byzantium and the Abbasids. In the eleventh century, the Turkish tribes living in Iran and western Anatolia were a constant source of mercenary soldiers for the Abbasid caliphs. Their influence was constantly growing and in the middle of the eleventh century they gradually formed a confederation in the region of modern Iran, called the Seljuk confederation. This was possible mainly because in 1055 the Abbasids invited in Bagdad the Seljuk Turkish leader to assume the administrat

الـمـقـيـمـيـة الـبـريـطانـيـة ودورها فـي الامارات الـمـتـصالـحـة1903م ــ 1939م Dayirat Almuetamad Albritani wuduruha fi aliimarat Almutasaliha 1903 - 1939

اسم المؤلف: لـيـنا عبد الرزاق مـوسـى الـفـرطـوسـي
اسم المشرف: كريم طلال مسير الركابي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study discusses the political situation in the maritime Magistrate's coast from 1903 - 1939 and in fact occupies the period covered in this study senior important place in the chronological arrangement of the political situation in this region, if where you could say that it was for Britain during this time period the liquidation of the situation to their advantage and was able after 1914 to reap Ammar effort that spanned more than a century in this region, and we can half the period of 1820 - 1914 as laying the foundations of British control in this area stage, it began precisely in 1853, as organized by Britain under Permanent peace agreement foundations of their relationship to this area after it was her crack down on piracy and the slave trade, and on this basis this study was divided on the four seasons' first chapter dealt with the beginning of the 1820 event, the date is very important because it is the date of an agreement with Britain, which marked the beginning of a policy Britain has worked to keep the UAE marine Magistrate Coast disjointed and powerless and seek safety under the protection of the British fleet, and dealt with in this chapter also British policy towards maritime disputes 1853 - 1892 and also the British policy towards the Ottoman policy in the northern coast, and display this chapter how it met a British slave trade, and finally agreement prohibitive 1892And discussed in chapter II arms trade in the Persian Gulf between 1881 - 1914 and the imposition of the British naval blockade on the Gulf, as well as chapter international competitions in the Arab Emirates and visit the Lord Kirzn to the coast of Oman, and discussed in chapter also relationship Trucial with Knight coast and the relationship of the Senate with Saudi Arabia and the Convention on Darren finally most Britons residing in the Trucial CoastThe third chapter examining (the British administration in the Persian Gulf between World Wars I and IIThen search Chapter IV British - US competition for oil concessions in the first Mbgesh.And display the second topic of the emergence of the Japanese activity in the Persian Gulf, as well as the political problems the border between Saudi Arabia and Amart the coast of Oman 1934 - 1938, and concluded the letter included the conclusion most prominent search results, and appendices and a list of Sources and references, which, according to them the messageThis message has relied on a variety of sources, including the British documents publishedThe Persian Gulf Administration Report 1873 - 1957 Vol.3 Archive Editions 1986It is a British reports annual British Resident in the Persian Gulf Bushehr or in Bahrain issued in the form contains the important information about the history of the Persian Gulf, according to the researcher also from a large group of Arab sources, the most important of Jamal ZakariaQassem Gulf study Arab Emirates history in the era of the European expansion the year 1507 - 1840, a source contained on a mission for the Gulf Information in this period affidavit researcher also from many sources, including books Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani Ibrahim (Britain and the UAE coast of Oman in the treaty relations), which is an important source because he said the nature of the relationship between the two sides and how this was the treaties imposed by Britain on the elders of the Trucial Coast, as well as works of true Akkad and most important (political Altiarac) and also the writer Mohammad FarisParis (the political situation in the United Arab Emirates from 1862 to 1965 the coast) and was a research and published reports in the Arab magazines including Cilt Arabian Gulf issued Center for the Study Gulfincluding the University of Basra

الكهرباء في العراق حتى العام 1968 : دراسة تاريخية The Electricity in Iraq until the year 1968 Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: دعاء محمد قاسم
اسم المشرف: سهيل صبحي سلمان الخزرجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Despite the large number of academic studies and historical writings that dealt with the history of modern Iraq in various political, economic and social aspects , but the need has survived to write about subjects that did not write them but little especially topics related to social and economic services and that have great significance in our daily lives , including the electricity.As electric power is one of the fundamental bases which society depend in moving events and economic and social activities, it represents an effective way in the development of the economies communities . - The nature required that the study, divided into four chapters are preceded by introduction and followed by the conclusion.The first chapter included the beginnings of electricity in Iraq until 1932 and is an introductory chapter included three sections , first topic laws in the Ottoman Empire and the beginnings of electricity with the British occupation in Baghdad , second topic beginnings of electricity in the brigades Iraq, while devoted the third section the evolution of electricity services in Iraq until 1932 .The second chapter entitled electricity development in Iraq from 1932 to 1945 As are the three topics included the first part, the political government's position and public opinion of the strike of enlightenment companies and happened to strike because of the high wages of electricity and lack of standardization in the cities by the lighting company , and how was the government's position and the people of that strike and how it ended .The second section covered a expansion of electricity in Baghdad and reach down to the two cities of Kadhimiya and Adhamiya and their access to privileged electricity and it happened in 1932. The third topic : the electricity of brigades Iraq grabbed until 1945 and how electricity arrived in brigades in Iraq .The third chapter was titled electricity projects in Iraq from 1945 - 1958 in the post - World War II to the end of the monarchy And contains three sections , in the first section includes the development of electricity in Iraq after World War II in North, middle and South brigades , while the second section , concentrating the Council on reconstruction projects in the field of electricity in North, middle and South brigades . And the third one of Baghdad nationalization of electricity in 1955 and amend the Baghdad electricity office in 1958 .While the fourth chapter the title of the evolution of electricity in Iraq from 1958 until 1968 since the beginning of the monarchy and the beginning of the revolution of July 14, 1958 to 1968, at the end of the second republican era this Chapter includes the changes in the Council of reconstruction after the revolution of July 14, 1958 and electricity projects in which , then dealt with the Ministry of planning and the Council of economic planning and the most important electricity projects that have taken place at that time and then shed a light on the establishment of the electricity networks .Electric power is one of the basic services which society depend in moving the economic and social activities.The British are the first who enter electricity to Iraq and was limited initially to deliver electricity to the whereabouts and their camps and the first street has illuminate Al - Rasheed Street in the 1 November / 1917 and the first station set up in Baghdad in 1931 is Al - Sarafiya station in Alaboukhanh .Electric power in the first place belonging to the municipalities , when establishing the Ministry of Works and Transport has become belong it , and then became part of the Ministry of Industry in 1959 .After the abolition of the reconstruction and replaced by the Ministry of Planning and the Council of Economic Planning interested in electricity projects and the expansion of electricity stations it was opening of the electricity station in AL - Dura in 1968 due to increased demand for electricity and the expansion of industrial projects as well as the sovereignty of the public sector when the government began to buy foreign projects.The electricity industry considered as an industries on which we depend so much in the life sides of economic and social life , and the annual consumption rate of individual in the industry is measured by the progress of society

اهــل البيت (عليهـم السلام) في مؤلفات الذهبي (748 هـ / 1348م)

اسم المؤلف: امــل حمـــودي رشيـد
اسم المشرف: بلقيس عيدان لويس الربيعي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

اثر العوامل الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والعسكرية في اسلام البربر من الفتح الاسلامي حتى سقوط الدولة الاموية The Effect of Social and Economic Factors of the Islam of Barbar from the History of Islamic Opening until 132 AH

اسم المؤلف: سمية حقي رشيد الشمري
اسم المشرف: خليف عبود كرحوت الطائي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The first priority that postgraduate students, especially MA students, come across is how to choose the subject of the thesis so as to fulfill the requirement of the scientific degree following the preparatory year. Therefore, he witnesses a problem of choosing the appropriate topic. This is why; the postgraduate student will remain bewildered moving from one professor to another until reaching the topic. Besides, he may not have all the details required about it. Thanks to Almighty Allah for helping me choose the topic of thesis which is titled "The Effect of Social and Economic Factors of the Islam of Barbar from the History of Islamic Opening until 132 AH". However, the subject was somehow troublesome because I did not dig in the depth of its details. And I thought that the references that I have would make the process writing easy because the subject is hardly confined to Arab Maghreb and in the era of first openings. However, this was not very simple as I thought. And all the references available with me were hardly about the books the first Islamic openings. Besides, most of opening books were interested in the east more the west. Moreover, I found that what were written in the new studies with regard to problems do not give the learners the opportunity of getting information in a scientific way. Furthermore, most of the references that I was in touch with were following the nationalist trend that rejects the other opinions or the ones which were impacted by the ferocious colonial wave in Algeria, Morocco and Libya and the western studied that tried to remove the origin of Barbar and their nationalistic relations completely so as to present Amazigh as a replacement for barbar. To be honest, I quoted certain texts literally. We came across other problems they are as follows : the references are almost containing nothing about the origin of Barbar and their social life. Therefore, the origin of Barbar made us go back to AL - Ansab Book however their social circumstances, life, habits and traditions are described as few ones scattered here and there. However, we saved no efforts to gather all the information required so as to create a primary image. As a result of its importance we found that most of the problems of delaying converting the tribes of Barbar into Islam and the suspension of Islamic Openings for five years or more or the tribes resistance against the Islamic Opening are not explained until resorting to the direct reasons and the what are beyond these reasons. Since the subject of Barbar and the Arab Opening in the Islamic Maghreb need punctual precision and scientific analysis based on true narrations. The oriental studies that were depended upon were from Morocco. And the subject in question was written very carefully due to the absence of details or documents from our Arabic references and also some studies that tried to make sense of life of Barbar and their origins counted on complicated studies in analysis and structure. Therefore, they came out with conception that had nothing to do with our thesis such as linguistic and anthropological studies. In other words, they reached out results that match their own specializations. However, we tried to avoid digging in them deeply because they were not directly related to our specialization. As for the references, La AL - Hadhir it is about (The Arabism of Barbar an Introduction to the Arabism of Amazighs by the happy Tongue of Saeed Abdullah AL - Raroodi, the Arabism of Barbar History and Evidence of Mohmmad Hussein AL - Farah and Thirty Three Centuries of the History of Amazighs of Mohmmad Shafeeq and Amazigh Throughout history A Brief Overview of the origins and the Arab Identity of Ufoon and AL - Dhaheer AL - Barbari for Zaki Mubarak and the Glory of Barbar of the Unknown Author and investigated by Abdulkadir Bubaba) and others. This is why, we were browsing references that take us from right to left on the top of that, most of them do not mention their references.And it was so difficult for the researcher to leave what he had between his hands or take them as strong pieces of evidence. However, there are worth mentioning references that we counted on through writing our thesis and they will cited in the body of the thesis. As for the plan of the thesis, it is divided into three chapters. So, the first one was about Barbar, their origins and their nation in North Africa (Arab Maghreb, the geography was marked because it is very clear. The chapter also dealt with the social life of Barbar, their religion and their economic circumstances in Morocco in general.As for Chapter Two, it highlighted the Barbar from the Islamic Opening until the Era of Wilaat (Era of Leaders). In other words, it dealt with Barbar until Morocco became part of Caliphate and not an Egyptian State. In other chapter to worked hard to make it close to the title of the thesis and not to deal with the problems of openings except for necessary topics. Besides, we concentrated on the social and economic phenomena and their impact upon the Islamic Openings and the Islam of Barbar.And Chapter Three was about studying the achievements of leaders in the field of economy and social stability that happened to Barbar and their relations with those who were part of the openings. Besides, it also highlighted their participation in the political life, military and the development of their ideological circumstances. So, building Cities, Masjids and Scholars had real role in preparing Barbar to convert into Islam and participating in Islamic Openings as fighters and in leadership that led Islam reach Andalusia. We noticed in brief how social circumstances prepared Barbar with the arrival of Khawarij at the end of the Umayyad Caliphate and their spread in Morocco.

استعمال نظرية صفوف الانتظار والمحاكاة لتقويم الاداء في مستشفى اليرموك التعليمي Use queuing theory and simulation to evaluate the performance of the Yarmouk Teaching Hospital

اسم المؤلف: محمد مهدي محمد
اسم المشرف: صباح منفي رضا الشمري
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: بحوث العمليات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The prediction of the performance and finding out the measurement for waiting queue in yarmook teaching hospital and some other consultancy clinics is considered one of the crucial aspects. This is due to long facing the patients in this hospital. Thus’ modeling and simulation techniques was exploited in queue waiting theory to analyze such problem. Then crystallizing future perspective scope about the nature of working system so decision makers can take the proper measure to overtake the problem. The research has recruited modeling and simulation for the prediction of waiting time for those attending the hospital. A model of single service channel and double channels were applied. It is important to obtain realistic and scientific indicators to serve this research so can be applied at the bases to solve the problem. This research has reached to some conclusions. The major conclusion is the existence of waiting in specific week days it is recommended to increase the number of service channels particularly in the consultancy clinics. It has been noticed that no waiting queues in some week days and thus it is recommended to reduce the number of channels in such days particularly in the pharmacy.

بعض طرائق تقدير انموذج الانحدار اللوجستي المشروط في حالة البيانات الطولية وتطبيقها في التلوث البيئي

اسم المؤلف: يوسف خليل عيسى
اسم المشرف: انتصار عريبي فدعم الدوري
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحصاء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: غالبا ما يعتمد الانحدار اللوجستي الشرطي لدراسة العلاقة بين نتائج حدث ما وعوامل تشخيصية محددة من اجل تطبيق الانحدار اللوجستي والاستفادة من قدراته التنبؤية في الدراسات البيئية. اذ تهدف هذه الرسالة الى اثبات اسلوبا جديدا لتطبيق الانحدار اللوجستي الشرطي في البحوث البيئية من خلال طرائق الاستدلال المبنية على البيانات الطولية. وذلك لانه مع الاستجابات المتقطعة هناك تبعية لا تتجزا للتغير في المتوسط. وبذلك يتطلب التحليل الاحصائي للبيانات الطولية الاساليب التي يمكن ان تراعي بشكل سليم للترابط داخل الموضوعات لقياسات الاستجابة. اذا تم تجاهل هذا الارتباط فان استدلالات مثل الاختبارات الاحصائية وفترات الثقة يمكن ان تكون غير صالحة الى حد كبير. ولتقدير انموذج الانحدار اللوجستي الشرطي لغرض تحليل التلوث البيئي الناتج عن تصفية النفط في المصافي كدالة لانتاج النفط والعوامل البيئية تم استعمال طريقة معادلة التقدير المعممة (GEE) Generalized Estimating Equation في صياغة طرائق الاستدلال، التي من شانها تسهل تقدير انموذج الانحدار اللوجستي الشرطي بالاستفادة من الارتباطات الفعلية بين الاستجابات في البيانات، وكذلك بنية الارتباط المحددة من خلال مقدرات الشطيرة الحصينة (RSE) robust sandwich estimators ، فضلا عن تطبيق العديد من معايير اختيار الانموذج المختلفة. ثم تقييم اداء كلا من نماذج الانحدار اللوجستي الشرطية عندما تكون التاثيرات ثابتة ومختلطة مع تحليل بيانات التلوث وفق طريقة الامكان الاعظم Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE). اما في الجانب التطبيقي فقد تم الحصول على بيانات التلوث البيئي من شركة مصافي الوسط في العراق والتي تمثل مجموعة من الملوثات البيئية الطولية وهي الجسيمات العالقة (PM2.5) Particulate matter، وكبريتيد الهيدروجين (H2S) Hydrogen sulfide، واكاسيد النيتروجين (NOx) Nitrogen oxides، والامونيا (NH3) Ammonia، وغاز اول اوكسيد الكاربون (CO) Carbon monoxide، وثاني اوكسيد الكاربون (CO2) Carbon dioxide، والاوزون (O3) The Ozone، ومن خلال تطبيق كلا الطريقتين GEE وMLE لتقدير النماذج المختلطة والثابتة تم اثبات انه باستعمال انموذج الانحدار اللوجستي الشرطي هو اسلوب تقييم حصين للدراسات البيئية، فمن المهم ان نلاحظ انه في محاولة لاختبار مدى حصانة هذا الاسلوب، مع بيانات التلوث في مجموعة بيانات واحدة تستعمل في بناء او اكتشاف علاقة تنبؤية هي مستويات التلوث العالية المتمثلة في النظام البيئي C3)) تنتهك فرضية استقلالية البدائل غير ذات صلة (IIA) Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives ومن ثم قد لا ينطبق على افتراض الحالة الطبيعية. وبالنتيجة فان انموذج الانحدار اللوجستي الشرطي مختلط التاثيرات يكون اكثر دقة لدراسات التلوث، لانه من المحتمل ان تولد نماذج الانحدار اللوجستي الشرطية استنتاجات غير دقيقة مع التاثيرات الثابتة فقط. هذا لان انموذج الانحدار اللوجستي الشرطي مع كلا من التاثيرات الثابتة والعشوائية يقدم افكارا تفصيلية على المجموعات (العناقيد) التي تم تجاهلها الى حد كبير من قبل انموذج الانحدار اللوجستي الشرطي ثابت التاثيرات | Conditional logistic regression is often used to study the relationship between event outcomes and specific prognostic factors in order to application of logistic regression and utilizing its predictive capabilities into environmental studies. This thesis seeks to demonstrate a novel approach of implementing conditional logistic regression in environmental research through inference methods predicated on longitudinal data. Because with discrete responses there integral dependency for change in the mean. Thus, statistical analysis of longitudinal data requires methods that can properly take into account the interdependence within - subjects for the response measurements. If this correlation ignored then inferences such as statistical tests and confidence intervals can be invalid largely. For estimating the conditional regression model for the analysis of environmental pollution resulting from the oil filter in refineries as a function of oil production and environmental factors using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) method in the formulation of inference methods that facilitate the conditional logistic regression model taking advantage of the actual correlations between responses in the data, as well as the specific correlation structure through robust sandwich estimators (RSE) as well as application many of various model selection criteria. We then evaluate the performance of both fixed - effects and mixed - effects conditional logistic regression models with the pollution data analysis according to the maximum likelihood method (MLE). Either in the applied side has been getting the data of environmental pollution from Midland Refineries Company in Iraq are represents a group of environmental pollutants longitudinal is Particulate matter (PM2.5), Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Ammonia( NH3), Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), The Ozone (O3) and by applying both the GEE and MLE methods to estimate a fixed and mixed models was prove that use the conditional logistic regression model is a robust evaluation method for environmental studies, it is important to note that in an effort to test the robustness of this method, with the pollution data in one set data used to construct or discover a predictive relationship is high pollution levels of the ecosystem (environmental system C3) violates the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (IIA) hypothesis and therefore the normality assumption may not apply. Therefore, the mixed - effects conditional logistic regression model is more accurate for pollution studies, because the conditional logistic regression models with fixed - effects only potentially generating flawed conclusions. This is because the conditional logistic regression model with random and fixed - effects provides detailed insights on groups (clusters) that were largely overlooked by fixed - effects conditional logistic regression model

تحدي محاسبة التكاليف الملائمة للاستخدام في ظل الذكاء الصناعي ودورها في تحقيق رضا الزبون : بحث تطبيقي في شركة الصناعات الالكترونية The challenge of cost accounting Fitness for use in under the artificial intelligence and its role in achieving customer satisfaction An application study in the Electronic Industries Company

اسم المؤلف: وسام عزيز شناوة الساعدي
اسم المشرف: رياض حمزة البكري
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: المحاسبة - التكاليف
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد تحقيق رضا الزبون اهم عوامل النجاح الرئيسة في الوحدات الاقتصادية , اذ انه يختصر كل الاسبقيات التنافسية التي تعتمد عليها الوحدات في مواجهة منافسيها في الاسواق المحلية والعالمية , بسبب التغيرات التي طرات في بيئة الاعمال والمتمثلة في شدة المنافسة , والتغير في اذواق الزبائن والتطور التكنولوجي , فينبغي على الوحدات الاقتصادية التوجه نحو تطبيق المفاهيم التي تؤدي الى تحقيق رضا الزبون , فمتى ما تحقق رضا الزبون فان ذلك يعني ان الوحدات الاقتصادية ستحقق جميع اهدافها.اكتسب البحث اهميته من الاعتماد على تقنيات الذكاء الصناعي لتحقيق الملائمة للاستخدام من وجهة نظر الزبون , من خلال برنامج مقترح يساعد الوحدات الاقتصادية على تحقيق رضا الزبون وبالتالي تتمكن من زيادة حصتها السوقية , ونمو مبيعاتها , وتحقيق اهدافها.يهدف البحث الى تبني مفاهيم الملائمة للاستخدام من وجهة نظر الزبون والاعتماد على تقنيات الذكاء الصناعي التي تساعد الوحدات الاقتصادية في تقديم منتج ينسجم مع توقعات الزبون واحتياجاته من المواصفات والتكنولوجيا الملائمة.يستند البحث الى فرضية رئيسة مفادها ان الاعتماد على مفهوم الملائمة للاستخدام من وجهة نظر الزبون في ظل الذكاء الصناعي يساهم في تحقيق رضاه بصوره اكثر كفاءة.خلص البحث الى مجموعة من النتائج , ابرزها ان مفهوم رضا الزبون ترك اثره في محاسبة التكاليف ونظم التكلفة من حيث المفاهيم والدور الذي تقوم به, وان الاعتماد على تقنيات الذكاء الصناعي يساهم في تحقيق الملائمة للاستخدام من وجهة نظر الزبون وبالتالي يؤدي الى تحقيق رضا الزبون. واختتم البحث بمجموعة من التوصيات منها , ينبغي على ادارة الوحدات الاقتصادية تبني المفاهيم الملائمة للاستخدام من جهة نظر الزبون والذكاء الصناعي لغرض تحقيق رضا الزبون وكذلك تبني النظام المقترح والعمل على تحقيقه من خلال تهيئة الكوادر المدربة والمؤهلة وبناء قاعدة بيانات خاصة بتغذية النظام. | Achieving customer satisfaction is the most important key success factors in the economic units, as it sums up all the competitiveness of priorities on which they depend units in the face of its competitors in the domestic and global markets, due to changes in the business environment and of the intensity of competition, and changes in the tastes of customers and technological development, should be the economic units to go about the application of the concepts that lead to customer satisfaction, when what has been achieved customer satisfaction, this means that economic units will achieve all its goals.Research gained importance of relying on artificial intelligence techniques to achieve Fitness for use of the customer's perspective, through a proposed program that helps economic units to achieve customer satisfaction and thus be able to increase its market share, and sales growth, and achieve their goals. The research aims to adopt Fitness for use concepts of the customer's perspective and rely on artificial intelligence techniques that help economic units to provide a product in line with customer expectations and needs of specifications and appropriate technology.Research is based on the key assumption that rely on Fitness for use concept of the customer's perspective in light of artificial intelligence contributes to the satisfaction more efficiently. The research found a set of conclusions, most highlighted that the concept of customer satisfaction to leave its impact on the cost accounting systems cost in terms of concepts and the role that you do, and that rely on artificial intelligence techniques contribute to investigation of Fitness for use of the customer's perspective and thus lead to customer satisfaction. Finally the Research showed a set of recommendations which should be on economic units management adopt Fitness for use concepts from customer's perspective, as well as the adoption of the proposed system and work to be achieved through the creation of cadres trained and qualified and building database specially for feeding syste

تحليل العوامل المؤثرة على طلب وثيقة تامين نقل البضائع المتعددة الوسائط Insurance AN Analysis of the EFFECTIVE factors on the policy request of multimedia goods transfer An Applied research at the Iraqi insurance company

اسم المؤلف: هنوة حسين احمد الموسوي
اسم المشرف: نبيل محمد الخناق
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التامين
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The secure transport of goods is one of the most important branches of marine insurance run by the Iraqi insurance company because of the risks that arise while conducting maritime transport where their goods during transport to several risks. It does not accept any maritime carrier conduct voyage without an insurance cover for that flight and maritime carrier both because the presence of this cover provides him with protection and reassurance. It was selected as the Iraqi insurance company being one of the organizations that contributed to supplement the national economy in a period ago to find out the obstacles to their work and processed to ensure the provision of better services to its customers as well as increased revenues and development capabilities. The most research problem in low and documents secure transfer of multimedia merchandise sales for the period of (2000 - 2012) and the negative impact that resulted in lower revenues and declining role in the insurance market, both domestically and internationally, as well as a decrease in the number and size of premiums and insurance policies. The research aims to identify the reality of the company's work and stand on the constraints and processed by identifying the influences that cause an increase or a decline in demand for the policyholder and the diagnosis of lower demand for document research topic factors, and work to improve and raise the level of this sector. Find adopted a blueprint hypothetically reflects the nature of the relationship and influence between the variables, and a number of major and minor hypotheses that reflect these relationships, has been used by the researcher to measure these variables (60) samples were recovered (55) of them, were excluded (3) of them to not to answer accurately, were analyzed ( 52) Mnha.oukd been using a set of statistical methods and descriptive data processing and the study of the relationship between research variables as well as personal interviews in Acharkh.tousel search to a group of the most important conclusions of the lack of a clear policy in the marine insurance premium pricing of the goods in the Iraqi insurance company adversely affects the demand for buying and documentation of marine insurance model, and the lack of the company into a promotional program for its sales of insurance policies on the transfer of goods, concluded Find a set of recommendations, the most important benefit from the advantages offered by all means of transportation in terms of cost, speed, security, and then get transport at lower cost and higher quality with optimal use of means of transport, which positively affect the activation of promotional methods of the national economy in order to stimulate increased demand for insurance documents on the transfer of goods, as they help change individuals attitudes and desires purchasing as well as it works to improve the insurance reputation

دور ديوان الرقابة المالية الاتحادي في تدقيق الدور الاشرافي للبنك المركزي العراقي على المصارف الخاصة The Federal Board Of Supreme, Role Audit The Oversight Of C.B.I On Private Banks

اسم المؤلف: هناء عواد حسين المحياوي
اسم المشرف: علي محمد ثجيل المعموري
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: المحاسبة القانونية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: في ظل عالم اليوم المتسارع والمليء بالمخاطر يعد القطاع المصرفي من اكثر القطاعات الحيوية عرضة للمخاطر ، وعلى الاجهزة المعنية بالرقابة الاشرافية على عمل المصارف ان تاخذ دورها الفاعل والمؤثر في وضع المصارف على المسار الصحيح والمتوافق مع المناهج المعتمدة عالميا . ويعد ديوان الرقابة المالية الاتحادي الجهة الحكومية الرئيسية للرقابة المالية في العراق اذ يقوم بالرقابة المالية المنتظمة على الوحدات الاقتصادية المملوكة للدولة بما فيها المصارف العامة ولا تجيز له التشريعات الاتحادية بتدقيق ورقابة المصارف الخاصة ، لكن يجوز للديوان الرقابة على البنك المركزي العراقي ومن مهامه تدقيق اداء الدور الاشرافي للبنك المركزي ومسؤوليته تجاه المصارف الخاصة . لذا هدف البحث الى بيان الاطار العام للدور الاشرافي الذي تمارسه البنوك المركزية على اعمال المصارف ومنها المصارف الخاصة ومحاولة فهم اليات تدخل المؤسسات الاشرافية في مراقبة النشاط المصرفي ، والقيام بتنفيذ مهمة تدقيق الاداء على وفق معايير التدقيق للاجهزة العليا للرقابة المالية والمحاسبة ودليل تقويم الاداء للبرامج والسياسات الصادر عن ديوان الرقابة المالية الاتحادي لسنة 2013 ، وبيان دور ديوان الرقابة المالية الاتحادي في تحسين مستوى اداء الدور الاشرافي للبنك المركزي العراقي على المصارف لاسيما المصارف الخاصة . وتكمن مشكلة البحث في ضعف الدور الاشرافي للبنك المركزي على المصارف الخاصة ، ومحدودية عملية تدقيق الاداء المنفذة من قبل ديوان الرقابة المالية الاتحادي في تدقيق الدور الاشرافي للبنك المركزي بالرقابة على المصارف وفقا لاساليب تدقيق الاداء الذي تتبعه الاجهزة العليا للرقابة المالية والمحاسبة , واستند البحث في حل مشكلاته الى فرضيتبن الاولى فاعلية الدور الاشرافي للبنك المركزي العراقي في الرقابة على الجهاز المصرفي على وفق معايير الرقابة الاشرافية المتبعة دوليا يساهم في تطوير المنظومة المصرفية ويقلل من تعرضها لمخاطر تهدد استمرارها او تقلل من مستوى مساهمتها في تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية المستهدفة في البلاد . والثانية يسهم تدقيق اداء الدور الاشرافي للبنك المركزي في تفعيل دوره باتجاه تطوير الياته الاشرافية والرقابية وضمان الارتقاء باساليب الرقابة على المصارف بما يكفل النهوض بالقطاع المصرفي ودعمه.وقد توصل البحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات اهمها : 1. ان من الاهداف الرئيسية للاشراف المصرفي التاكد من ان المصارف لديها نظام مصرفي قادر على تلبية احتياجات التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية ضمن الاطر القانونية والارشادات التي يعمل في ضوئها العمل المصرفي في البلاد لتتمكن كل وحدة مصرفية من العمل في نظام مصرفي سليم يتمتع بالقدرة والكفاءة الادارية التي يستطيع من خلالها من ادارة موجوداته ومطلوباته بكفاءة ، ولها الملاءة المالية المناسبة لتحقيق كفاية راس المال , والحصول على السيولة المناسبة بالقدر المناسب وفقا للمعايير والقوانين المصرفية .2. ان الدور الاشرافي للبنوك المركزية على المصارف لا تنحصر في مجال توجيه الائتمان الممنوح من قبل المصارف من خلال تنفيذ اهداف السياسة النقدية ، وانما تشمل اليات واساليب تسعى في مجملها الى ضمان امن المودعين وتحقيق استقرار النظام المصرفي .3. يساهم ديوان الرقابة المالية الاتحادي في دعم اداء الجهات التي تنظم عمل القطاع الخاص في العراق لرفع مستوى اداء هذا القطاع للمشاركة في بناء اقتصاد عراقي متين قادر على تلبية احتياجات التنمية الاقتصادية المستهدفة للبلاد .4. وفي ضوء الاستنتاجات فقد تم التوصل الى مجموعة من التوصيات من اهمها : 1. قيام الجهات المشرفة على القطاع المصرفي بوضع الخطط المستقبلية للنهوض بالعمل المصرفي الى المستوى المطلوب والذي يتناسب مع تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية والتطور الاقتصادي المستهدف والمستجدات العالمية في البيئة المصرفية. 2. على السلطات الاشرافية المسؤولة عن مراقبة النشاط المصرفي التحقق من قيام المصارف بالالتزام بالاحكام القانونية والتنظيمية وفحص شروط استغلالها والعمل على تحسين جودة اعمال تلك المصارف دون عرقلة اوتدخل في سير اعمالها.3. ان اشراك ديوان الرقابة المالية الاتحادي في متابعة اداء الجهات التي تنظم عمل القطاع الخاص في العراق يتطلب استحداث شعبة متخصصة بالشؤون الاقتصادية ضمن قسم الدراسات الفنية والبحوث في دائرة الشؤون الفنية والدراسات من اصحاب الخبرة العملية بالاضافة الى حملة الشهادات العليا في الدراسات المالية والاقتصادية لكي يقع على عاتقها اداء هذه المهمة بمهنية عالية للاسهام في رفع مستوى اداء هذه الجهات وتقديم الدعم المطلوب لتنشيط القطاع الخاص في العراق . | The Banking system, with the risky world of today, is the riskiest .The institutions that conduct oversight and control over banks should play their vital and influential role in bringing them to the right track that is consistent with globally accepted approaches.Federal Board of Supreme Audit is the governmental institution responsible for financial control in Iraq .It conducts regular auditing of state owned economic units including state banks .FBSA is not allowed to audit private banks, as per legislations, but it can audit central bank of Iraq .Auditing the oversight role of CBI over private banks is one of FBSA's missions. The objective of this research is to address the oversight role of CBs over the works of banks namely private ones and understand the interference mechanisms of oversight institutions in controlling banking activities as well as analyzing performance audit with the view to identify obstacles and remedy the resulting problems of audit. More over highlighting the role of FBSA in improving the performance of the oversight role of CBI over banks and private ones in particular. The research problem is the poor oversight role over banks in general and private ones in particular .The performance audit conducted by FBSA on the oversight role of CBI over banks is limited according to the performance audit techniques followed by SAIs. The research, in addressing these problems adopted two hypotheses .The first is that the Effectiveness of the supervisory role of the Central Bank of Iraq in control of the banking system, according to the supervisory control standards followed internationally contributes to the development of the banking system and reduce exposure to risks to continuity or reduce the level of its contribution to the achievement of the target of the country's economic development. and reduce its contribution to the targeted economic development in the country. The second is that performance audit of the oversight role of CBI contributes to the activation of the role so as to develop its oversight in addition to upgrading control techniques over banks in a way that ensures the improvement and support of banking system. The research comes up with the following conclusions, the most important of which are as follows : 1. that of the primary purposes of the Banking Supervision to make sure that banks have a banking system that is able to meet the economic and social development needs within the legal framework and guidelines that works in the light of the banking business in the country to be able to all banking unit of work in a sound banking system that has the ability and administrative efficiencies that can through which the administration of its assets and liabilities efficiently , and have the appropriate financial solvency to achieve the capital adequacy , access to adequate liquidity to the extent appropriate , in accordance with banking standards and laws.2. subdue an audit carried out by the Federal Office of financial control for the role of supervisory CBI analytical process to the extent of their contribution to raising the level of his performance , and to execute the task of auditing the performance according Auditing Standards of Supreme Financial Control and Accounting Guide performance evaluation of the programs and policies adopted by the Board of performance Federal financial control for the year 2013 .3. contributes to the Federal Audit Court in support of the performance of those who govern the operation of the private sector in Iraq to raise the level of performance of this sector to contribute to building a strong Iraqi economy able to meet the target of the country's economic development needs. The research has come to the most important set of conclusions1. do their supervising the banking sector develop future plans for the advancement of banking work to the required level and commensurate with the economic development target and global economic developments in the banking environment and development2. The supervisory authorities responsible for monitoring banking activity verification of the banks to abide by the legal and regulatory terms and conditions of use and examination work to improve its quality without blocking Aotdechl in the conduct of its business .3. Involving BSA Federal monitor the performance of those who govern the operation of the private sector in Iraq requires the creation of a specialized division of economic affairs within the technical studies and research at the Department of Technical Affairs , studies the owners of practical experience in addition to the campaign to senior certificates in the financial and economic studies to falls upon themselves to do the job professionally to contribute to raising the level of performance of these entities and to provide the support needed to stimulate the private sector in Iraq.

قياس اثر الانفاق العام في التشغيل للمدة (2003 - 2014) العراق : حالة دراسية Measuring Impact of public expenditure on Employment in Iraq for the period (2003 - 2014).

اسم المؤلف: علي هادي حميد الدلفي
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم عبد الله محمد المشهداني
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد سياسة الانفاق العام ركنا اساسيا من اركان السياسة المالية, ذلك لما لها من اهمية في التاثير على الاقتصاد الكلي, لذلك تعد من ابرز الادوات الفاعلة التي تستعملها السياسة المالية في التاثير على الطلب الكلي فضلا عن انها تعد احد وسائل السياسة المالية التي تعتمدها الحكومة لتوليد فرص عمل, والحد من ظاهرة البطالة, ومن ثم تحفيز النمو للاقتصاد الكلي للبلد.ومن هذا المنطلق يهدف البحث الى بيان اثر الانفاق العام في التشغيل في العراق اثناء مدة البحث, ومن ثم قياس وتحليل الانفاق الجاري والانفاق الاستثماري في التشغيل في العراق, باستعمال الاساليب القياسية المتقدمة بالاعتماد على انموذج (ARDL), وعلى وفق البرنامج الاحصائي (Eviews9) المتطور, والتحقق من مدى فاعلية السياسة المالية التوسعية في توليد فرص عمل مضافة في الاقتصاد العراقي. ان دراستنا تفترق عن الدراسات السابقة كونها لجات الى بيان اثر الانفاق العام (الجاري والاستثماري) في التشغيل اثناء السنوات السابقة التي مرت على العراق للمدة (2003 - 2014) اي من حيث المدة والمكان, كما ان الباحث تطرق الى ابرز السياسات المولدة للتشغيل .وتوصل البحث الى ان المتغيرات ساكنة عند الفرق الاول, وذلك على وفق اختبار جذر الوحدة, مما يعني رفض فرضية العدم, بسبب عدم وجود اتجاه في تحليل البيانات, كما ان النموذج لا يعاني من مشكلة الارتباط الذاتي ومشكلة اختلاف التباين, كما ان البواقي موزعة توزيعا طبيعيا وان النموذج ساكن هيكليا, ووجود علاقة طويلة الاجل بين المتغيرات, اذ ان الانفاق الجاري(LX2) اكثر تاثيرا في التشغيل في الاجل الطويل والتي بلغت (0.33%) عند تغيره((1%, بينما نجد ان الانفاق الاستثماري(LX3) عند تغيره ((1% يؤدي الى تغير التشغيل بمقدار (0.0011%) اي انه (الانفاق الاستثماري) لم يكن تاثير في التشغيل في الاجل الطويل, مما يعني وجود ضعف في العلاقة(المرونة) في هذا الانفاق الاستثماري, كما ان سببية كرانجر(Granger) اوضحت وجود علاقة سببية بين الانفاق (الجاري) وتشغيل القوة العاملة وباتجاه واحد. | Publie expenditure policy is a corneston of fisical policy because of it,s importance in influencing the macroeconomic, So it considers one of the most effective tools used by financial policy to Influence aggregate demand, and therefore regards as a means of fisical policy which is adopted py state to creat jobs and reducing unemployment and thus stimulate growth in the country. The aim of this paper is to Show the impact of the public expenditure on employmentin Iraq during the period undercosideration and there fore, measuring and analyzing the influerce of operational and Investment expenditure upon employment in Iraq py using ARDL model . In addition, the paper odentified the log ran relation ship between employment and operational pinvestment expenditure. The reseache shows that if we increase investment expenditure by 1% this will lead to in creas employment by 0.33%, ceteris paribus, while if we increase investment expenditure by 1%, this will Lead to decreate employment - by(0.0011%),Ceterisparibus. . This result means that there is a Leakage in this expenditure. The paoer, alos, reveal,s that there is a causal relation ship between operational investment and employment,According Granger - Causaility.

اثر تحديات تسويق التامين على تنافسية شركات التامين : دراسة تحليلية مقارنة بين شركتي التامين الوطنية والعراقية The impact of insurance marketing challenges on the competitiveness of insurance companies Analytical comparative study Between the National and Iraqi Insurance Companies.

اسم المؤلف: حسين هراطة عباس الفتلاوي
اسم المشرف: خلود هادي عبود الربيعي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التامين
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: من اهم الاهداف التي يسعى اليها البحث هو تحديد وتشخيص اهم التحديات او المعوقات التي تواجه تسويق الخدمة التامينية في شركات التامين وبدورها تؤثر على التنافسية لديهما , اذ تم تحديد اهم التحديات الداخلية والخارجية التي لها تاثير على تسويق خدماتها التامينية ومن ثم تؤثر بشكل مباشر او غير مباشر على مبيعاتها من الوثائق التامينية وبدورها تؤدي الى انخفاض ايراداتها مما يؤثر على ارباحها المتحققة وعلى حصتها السوقية وهذه تمثل مشكلة البحث الاساسية , ومن خلالها انبثقت فرضيتا البحث, وتم اختيار عينة طبقية من اعضاء مجلس الادارة ومديري الفروع والاقسام ووكلائهم ومنتجي الشركة وموظفي التسويق والاقسام الساندة لها وبعدد (122) فردا من مجتمع البحث والذي بلغ (172) فردا, وتم جمع البيانات من مصادر مختلفة عن طريق المقابلات الشخصية والاستبانة التي وظفها الباحث كاداة رسمية لجمع البيانات من عينة البحث . وتم استخدام البرنامج الاحصائي (SPSS,21) لتحليل علاقات الارتباط والتاثير بين متغيرات البحث , وتوصل الباحث في نهاية البحث الى العديد من الاستنتاجات وكان من اهمها اثبات وجود علاقة علاقه ارتباط وتاثير بين التحديات الداخلية والخارجية التي تواجه تسويق التامين وبين ابعاد التنافسية لدى شركات التامين , كما تبين من تحليل بيانات الشركتين بان كلاهما تحققان ارباح عالية ولديهما حصة سوقية كبيرة في سوق التامين العراقي وهي اهم مؤشرات التنافسية لديهما مما يدل على قدرتهما التنافسية في السوق الذي يعملان فيه. | The most important objectivts pursued by the research is to identify and diagnose the most important challenges or obstacles facing the marketing of insurance service in the insurance companies, in turn, affect the competitiveness have since been identified the most important internal and external challenges that have an impact on the marketing of insurance services and thus affect directly or indirectly on the sales of insurance documents and in turn lead to a decline in revenues affecting profits realized on its market share and this represents a problem of basic research, and which emerged Fermata research, was chosen as a stratified sample of the members of the board of directors and managers of the branches and departments and their agents and (122) individuals from the research community, which reached (172) individuals. The data were collected from different sources through personal interviews and the questionnaire used by the researcher as an official tool for collecting data from the research sample. The statistical program (SPSS,21) for correlation analysis and influence relationships between research variables, the researcher concluded at the end of research into many of the conclusions was the most important proof of the existence of a relationship correlation effect between the internal and external challenges facing the insurance marketing and the competitive dimensions of the insurance companies relationship , as shown by data analysis Walsh Lection that both are making high profits and have a large market share in the Iraqi insurance market , which is the most important indicators of competitiveness have indicating their competitive ability in the market who are working in it.

برنامج مقترح لتدقيق العمليات مع الاطراف ذات العلاقة على وفق المعايير الدولية والمحلية : بحث تطبيقي في عينة من الوحدات الاقتصادية proposal to audit the operations with related parties on the program in accordance with international standards and local (Applied Research in the sample of economic units)

اسم المؤلف: بلال مصطفى عبد الجبوري
اسم المشرف: سالم عواد هادي الزوبعي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: المحاسبة القانونية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Some economic units sometimes exercise parts of their activities through a joint, joint venture or subsidiary through associates. In these cases, it is the economic unit the ability to influence the financial and operating policies and economic unity investee through the control or joint control or significant influence moreover the impact of people influential people such as senior owners of stocks and managers key, as given to those economic units and individuals influential relevant economic unit investee parties, upon the knowledge of the relationships and transactions with related parties and outstanding balances may affect the assessment of its operations by users of financial statements, including the risks and opportunities facing the economic unit evaluated, so necessary that these relations accounting rules determined by which accounting disclosure proper Moreover, the need for the existence of an audit program represents audit procedures that are necessary for the operations carried out with related parties and disclosure and any ties It may be affected by the financial statements due to the existence of related parties. The lie of the research problem in the weak commitment of the research sample requirements related disclosures for the relevant of the Parties to the international and domestic standards companies in (transactions between the holding company and its subsidiary compensation management, joint ventures, investments in associated companies) and the impact of mutual transactions with those parties on financial position and operating results of the economic unit which affects the credibility of financial statements. The research aims to identify shortcomings in by the non - accounting disclosure required in the financial statements for transactions with related parties accounting treatments and their conformity as set out in accounting standards and show the effect of the relevant parties on the economic activities of the unit and financial statements and then propose an accounting rule and program audits. Search and adopted the premise that (the availability of base accounting and auditing programs commensurate with the privacy of transactions between related parties to help auditors in the performance of their work checksum and reduce the risk of audit and the impact of the relevant parties on the financial statements) The researcher has reached a set of conclusions including 1. Weakening the role of the auditor in detecting the impact of transactions with related parties on the financial statements and misuse of resources available for economic unity and disclosed in his report. 2. did not include a report of banks and other companies and financial statements management of the disclosures required in connection with the mutual financial transactions with related parties Or banking facilities provided to them and debits and credits to those parties, but within tight limits in spite of the importance of accounting disclosure as one accepted accounting principles generally accepted (GAAP). 3. No audit program, whether in the auditors' offices or in the Office of Federal Financial Supervisory ensures the absence of financial statements prepared by the various economic units from the negative effects of the related parties . In the wake of the conclusions that have been reached researcher presented a set of recommendations including : 1. The auditor develop appropriate to get the evidence is sufficient and appropriate evidence relating to the identification related parties and determine the impact of important transactions for those parties on the financial statements and how to use available resources audit procedures. 2. the necessity of private banks and other corporate laws and related instructions and to the provisions of international and domestic accounting standards of disclosure requirements of accounting principle and commitment to ensure that raise the level and quality of disclosure in the financial reports. 3. The need for the adoption of the Federal Office of Financial Supervision and the offices of the auditors of the proposed program of audits, which in turn contributes to the checking procedures and verification of the absence of financial data from the effects or any distortions in favor of the relevant parties and submit a copy of these programs to the Central Bank of Iraq, as far as their matter.

الدور الاشرافي للبنك المركزي على نظم الدفع واثره في كفاءة اداء القطاع المصرفي The oversight role of Central Bank in payment systems and its impact on the efficiency of the performance of banking sector

اسم المؤلف: احمد عبد الوهاب عبد الشافي
اسم المشرف: حمزة فائق وهيب الزبيدي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: العلوم المصرفية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ظهر مفهوم الاشراف على نظم الدفع الالكترونية مع زيادة اهمية هذه النظم والتي اصبحت عنصرا حيويا في البنية التحتية المالية والمصرفية ؛ بسبب التقدم التكنولوجي الكبير , والذي نتج عنه امكانية تحويل الاموال بسرعة كبيرة من خلال هذه النظم , وبسبب الزيادة الكبيرة في قيم واعداد التحويلات التي تتم عبر هذه النظم , والعوائد المالية التي تجنيها المصارف من هذه التحويلات . وبذلك ازدادت اهمية وظيفة الاشراف على هذه النظم , اذ تهدف هذه الوظيفة الى الحد من المخاطر التي تواجهها هذه النظم , والتاكد من سلامتها وكفاءتها ومصداقيتها . وفي سبيل تحقيق اهداف البحث , ومن اهمها التعرف على المبادئ الدولية , والنطاق, والمجالات, والادوات المستخدمة في الاشراف على نظم الدفع , وتطوير الدور الاشرافي للبنك المركزي العراقي على نظم الدفع الالكترونية , وتاثير ذلك في كفاءة الاداء للعمليات المصرفية , فقد تضمن البحث العلاقة بين نظم الدفع الالكترونية , والاشراف على هذه النظم كمتغرين مستقلين , وبين كفاءة الاداء المصرفي كمتغير تابع . وقد شملت عينة البحث قسم المدفوعات في البنك المركزي العراقي , وقسم المدفوعات في كل من مصرف الرافدين , ومصرف الرشيد , والمصرف العراقي للتجارة , ومصرف اشور , ومصرف الشرق الاوسط العراقي للاستثمار , ومصرف بغداد , والمصرف الاهلي العراقي , والمصرف التجاري العراقي ومصرف عودة فرع العراق , اذ تم اختيار عينة مكونة من 72 ) ) موظفا وزعت عليهم استمارات الاستبيان . وتوصل الباحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات النظرية والعملية , ومنها : - 1 - تعد نظم الدفع الالكترونية من اهم القنوات التي يتم من خلالها تحويل النقود , والادوات المالية بين المؤسسات المصرفية والمالية , كما اسهمت هذه النظم في دفع اقيام السلع والخدمات بصورة سلسة وامنة .2 - يعزز نظام المدفوعات الالكتروني تنفيذ الدفعات بسرعة ويسر بما يسهم بشكل ايجابي في اداء النظام المصرفي , كما اسهمت هذه النظم في تقليل التكاليف اللازمة لعمليات تحويل النقود والادوات المالية.3 - اكدت نتائج التحليل الاحصائي لاجابات عينة البحث وجود علاقة ارتباط طردية ذات دلالة معنوية بين نظم الدفع الالكترونية , والاشراف على نظم الدفع مع كفاءة الاداء المصرفي , والذي يثبت فرضية البحث التي تشير الى وجود علاقة بين نظم الدفع الالكترونية , والاشراف عليها, وكفاءة اداء القطاع المصرفي .4 - اكدت نتائج التحليل الاحصائي لاجابات عينة البحث وجود علاقة تاثير ذات دلالة معنوية لكل من نظم الدفع الالكترونية , والاشراف عليها في كفاءة اداء القطاع المصرفي , وبما ان اشارات معامل بيتا موجبة هذا يعني بان التاثير ايجابي . كما اوصى الباحث جملة من التوصيات منها : 1 - ضرورة قيام البنك المركزي العراقي بتحديد المخاطر التي تتعرض لها هذه النظم وتصنيفها, ووضع اطار شامل لادارة هذه المخاطر من خلال تحديد ماهية هذه المخاطر , والتعرف على مصادرها , وكيفية قياسها , واساليب الحد منها .2 - ينبغي على البنك المركزي العراقي ان يقوم بتفعيل دور قسم الاشراف والامتثال في دائرة المدفوعات ؛ لممارسة وظيفة الاشراف على نظم الدفع الالكترونية ؛ لتحقيق اهداف السلامة والكفاءة والمصداقية في عمل هذه النظم .3 - نوصي البنك المركزي العراقي بان يقوم بتحديد سياسات واجراءات الاشراف الخاصة به , وان يقوم بالاعلان عنها من خلال طباعة ونشر كتيب يحدد بوضوح سياسات واجراءات الاشراف بما يسهل على مشغلي ومستخدمي هذه النظم من ادراك وفهم هذه السياسات والاجراءات | The concept of oversight of the electronic payment systems have been appeared with the increasing of the importance of these systems, which have become a vital element in the financial infrastructure and banking; because of the great technological progress, which have been resulted in the possibility of transfer of funds in very quickly manner through these systems, as well as because of the large increase in the values and the numbers of transfers which were made through these systems, and the financial returns which were earned by banks of these transfers. Thus , the importance of the function of oversight towards these systems was increased , as this function has aimed at reducing the risks faced by these systems, and for ensuring safety, efficiency and credibility. For the purpose of achieving the objectives of the research, the most important one is concentrated on recognition of international principles, scope, fields, and the tools that is used in the oversight of payment systems, and the development of the oversight role of the Central Bank of Iraq on the electronic payment systems, and that effect on the performance efficiency of banking operation, the research has included the relationship between electronic payment systems, and oversight of these systems as independent variables, and the efficiency of the banking performance as dependent variable. The research sample has included of payments department in the Central Bank of Iraq, and the department of payments in each of Al - Rafidain Bank and AL - Rasheed Bank, additionally to the Trade Bank of Iraq, and Ashur International Bank for Investment, and Iraqi Middle East Investment Bank, Bank of Baghdad, and National Bank of Iraq, Commercial Bank of Iraq and Bank of the Audi branch of Iraq, a sample of (72) employees was chosen and supplied with questionnaires .The researcher reached several theoretical and practical conclusions such as : 1. The electronic payment systems are considered the most important channels through which the money transfer, and financial instruments between banking and financial institutions, are done as these systems have contributed to pay for goods and services in a smooth and safe method .2. The electronic payment systems enhanced the implementation of making payments quickly and easily as well as in positively contributing to the performance of banking system, as these systems have contributed so as to reduce the costs that is necessary for operations to transfer money and the financial tools. 3. The results of the statistical analysis of the answers to the research sample have been confirmed on the existence of a correlation as a direct correlation and significant morale among the electronic payment systems, and oversight of the payment systems with banking performance efficiency ,which prove the hypothesis research that indicates the existence of a relationship between the electronic payment systems, and oversight of payment systems, and the efficiency of the performance banking. Sector.4. The results of the statistical analysis of for the answers to the research sample confirmed the presence of significant effect relationship spirits for each of the electronic payment systems, and oversight on at the efficiency of the banking sector's performance, as the beta coefficient signals are positive which means there is a positive effect. The researcher has recommended a number of recommendations including : 1. The necessity for the Central Bank of Iraq to identify risks to these systems, and classifying them, and to develop a comprehensive framework for managing these risks by identifying the nature of these risks, and to identify their sources, and how they are measured, additionally the means of reducing them .2. The Central Bank of Iraq should activate the role of oversight and Compliance Section in the Department of payments; to exercise the oversight function on the electronic payment systems; to achieve the objectives of safety, efficiency and reliability in the work of these systems.3. We advise the Central Bank of Iraq to be recommended to specify the policies and procedures for oversight its own, and into advertise to declare them by printing and publishing a booklet clearly defined policies and procedures, including oversight easier for the operators and users of these systems of awareness and understanding of these policies and procedure in order to facilitate the duties of operators and users of these systems to understand those policies and procedures , as well.

استخدام مدخل التكاليف المستهدفة في تعظيم الارباح : بحث تطبيقي في شركة توزيع المنتجات النفطية The Introduction of costs aiming to amplify profits /a practical research of the State Company for Distribution of Oil Products

اسم المؤلف: احمد حميد عبد العباس
اسم المشرف: جليلة عيدان حليحل الذهبي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: المحاسبة القانونية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدف البحث الى وضع بعض الحلول للمشاكل والتي تعاني منها شركة نقل المنتجات النفطية، وقد سعى البحث لاهداف عدة منها، عرض وتقديم اطار مفاهيمي لادارة التكلفة وفق مدخل التكلفة المستهدفة والتعريف بتقنياته واهميته وتاثيره على تخفيض التكاليف وتحقيق الميزة التنافسية فضلا عن اجراء تقييم للاساليب والتقنيات التقليدية الحالية المستخدمة في المحاسبة عن التكاليف وكذلك تاطير مفاهيمي لعملية التسعير من خلال تعريفه ومراحله واهدافه، والعوامل المؤثرة بقرارات التسعير وصولا لدور التكلفة المستهدفة في تعظيم الارباح، ومن ثم اجراء دراسة ميدانية في شركة توزيع المنتجات النفطية وبيان الدور الذي يمكن ان يلعبه مدخل التكلفة المستهدفة لادارة التكلفة كمنطلق لتحسين وضع من التعثر المالي واخراجها من الاطر والمفاهيم والتقنيات التقليدية والسعي لبناء قاعدة للتحول نحو مدخل التكلفة المستهدفة من اجل تخفيض تكاليف وتعزيز ميزتها التنافسية في السوق. وتمحورت مشكلة البحث حول وجود قصور في الاساليب والتقنيات المحاسبية والادارية التقليدية المطبقة حاليا في الشركة المبحوثة واعتمادها المقاييس المالية (او الموجهات الكمية) فقط وبالتالي عدم توافقها مع متطلبات التغييرات الاقتصادية الجديدة والسريعة التي رافقت تطور وتعاظم هيمنة قوى السوق الخارجية على مساحة واسعة جدا من السوق المحلية العراقية، وقد استند البحث الحالي على فرضية رئيسة وهي، (ان التطبيق الفعال لمدخل الكلفة المستهدفة في شركة توزيع المنتجات النفطية يؤدي الى تخفيض في كلفة نقل المنتجات النفطية المقدمة من قبل الشركة والذي ينعكس على تعظيم ارباحها). وقد ركز البحث في جانبه التطبيقي على الزيارات الميدانية لشركة توزيع المنتجات النفطية والحصول على البيانات المالية وخطط الشركة ولاسيما فيما يخص انظمة التكالف فيها، وقد تم دراسة الكشوفات المالية ومعالجتها على وفق نظام الكلفة المستهدفة سعيا لاثبات فرضية البحث، وقد توصل البحث لمجموعة من النتائج كان اهمها الاتي : 1 - لا يتم تطبيق نظام التكاليف المستهدفة في شركة توزيع المنتجات النفطية ، بل يتم اتباع العديد من المبادئ والاسس التي يقوم عليها النظام، حيث ظهر انه لا يتم استخدام نظام التكاليف المستهدفة التي تعتبر الاساس الاول للنظام.2 - من خلال تطبيق نظام التكاليف المستهدفة في الجانب التطبيقي على الشركة عينة البحث فقد حقق تغييرات كبيرة تحقق الربحية للشركة، مما يدل على امكانية تطبيقه في شركة توزيع المنتجات النفطية. | Aim of the research to develop some solutions to the problems faced by the transport petroleum products company, has sought search for the goals of several of them, offer and provide a conceptual framework for the management of the cost in accordance with the target cost entrance and definition and its importance and its impact on reducing costs and achieve competitive advantage as well as an assessment of the existing methods and traditional techniques used in accounting for the costs as well as a conceptual frame for the process of pricing through its definition and its stages and its objectives, and the factors influencing pricing decisions down to the role of the target in the cost to maximize profits, And then conduct a field study in the distribution of petroleum products and the statement of the role they can target cost management cost entrance to the play as a springboard to improve the situation of financial distress and out of the frames and traditional concepts and techniques and strive to build the base of the shift toward the target cost of the entrance in order to reduce costs and enhance their competitive advantage in the market . Focused research problem about the existence of shortcomings in the accounting methods and management techniques traditional currently applicable in the company researched and approved financial metrics (or routers quantity) only and therefore their non - compliance with the requirements of the new economic changes and rapid that accompanied the evolution and the growing dominance of external market forces on a very large area of the local market Iraqi, current research has been based on the premise of a President, (the effective application of the entrance to the target cost in the distribution of petroleum products lead to a reduction in the cost of transportation of oil products offered by the company, which is reflected on maximizing profits).The research was focused on his side applied on field visits to company distribution of petroleum products and access to financial data and plans of the company, particularly with regard to systems cost which has been studying the financial statements and dealt with in accordance with the target cost system in an effort to prove the hypothesis of the research, has reached search for a set of results was the most important following : 1. does not apply target costing system in the distribution of petroleum products, but are followed many of the principles and foundations of the system, where it appeared that it does not use target cost, which is the first foundation of the system.2. Through the application of target costing system in the practical side of the company sample of the research has achieved significant changes to achieve profitability for the company, indicating the possibility of its application in the oil products distribution company

اثر المقدرة الجوهرية الضريبية في تكاليف الامتثال : بحث تطبيقي في عينة من الشركات المساهمة The Impact of Tax Core Competency in compliance costs An Applied Research in a Sample of Joint - stock Companies

اسم المؤلف: ابتهال علي جاسم الطويل
اسم المشرف: محمد علي العامري
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: المحاسبة الضريبية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: جرى في هذا البحث تحليل ومناقشة موضوع" اثر المقدرة الجوهرية الضريبية في تكاليف الامتثال" بحث تطبيقي في عينة من الشركات المساهمة، ولذلك فانها تعد محاولة لاثارة اهتمامهم بموضوع مدى تاثير المقدرة الجوهرية الضريبية في تكاليف الامتثال، وهو ما يدعو الى ضرورة الخوض التجريبي لبحث العلاقة بينها. لقد انطلق البحث من مشكلة معبر عنها بعدد من التساؤلات التطبيقية والفكرية، استهدف من الاجابة عنها استجلاء الفلسفة النظرية والدلالات الفكرية للمتغيرين. ولتوضيح العلاقة بين متغيرات البحث, تم صياغة عدد من الفرضيات كاجابات تخمينية مؤقتة عن مشكلة البحث, وقد جرى اعتماد الاستبانة كاداة لجمع البيانات وتحليلها, فضلا عن المقابلات الشخصية والرجوع للسجلات المالية الخاصة بمجتمع البحث. ولتحليل بيانات البحث تم استخدام الحزمة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (Statistical Package for Social Science, SPSS), ومن اهم الادوات الاحصائية التي تم استخدامها في التحليل هي(الانحراف المعياري والانحدار الخطي البسيط والنسبة المئوية والتكرارات والوسط الحسابي والفا كرونباخ واختبارF واختبارT) للوصول الى النتائج. وتوصل البحث الى وجود ارتباطا معنويا سلبيا بين المقدرة الجوهرية الضريبية وتكاليف الامتثال. وكذلك ضعف اهتمام المنظمات عينة البحث بالمقدرة الجوهرية الضريبية رغم تاثيرها في تخفيض تكاليف الامتثال، وايضا توصل البحث بعدم وجود خدمات ضريبية حقيقة تقدمها الادارة الضريبية مما جعل اغلب المنظمات تستعين بالمستشارين والخبراء للحصول على المعلومات والتوجيهات لاستكمال اجراءات الضريبة مما ساهمت في رفع تكاليف الامتثال. بالمقابل تم تقديم توصيات تتماشى وواقع الاستنتاجات | his research has been in the analysis and discussion of the topic of "The impact of Tax Core Competency in compliance costs" An applied research in a sample of joint - stocks Companies. Therefore, these subjects were considered as an attempt to stir up their interest in the subject of the effect of tax core competency in compliance costs, which calls for the need to examine the relationship between them. The research steams from a problem expressed by a number of practical and intellectual questions, the aim to answer them is to clarify the theoretical philosophy and intellectual implications of the two variables examined in the research, In order to clarify the relationship between variables of the research, a number of hypotheses were formulated as temporary speculative answers to the research problem. A questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection and its analysis, as well as personal interviews and financial records of the research sample. For the purpose of analyzing the research data the statistical package for social science, SPSS . The most important tools used in the statistical analysis are : (standard deviation, and simple linear regression, percentages, frequencies, arithmetic mean, Cronbach's alpha, F - test, T - Test). The research found a weakness Sample search organizations, Tax Core Competency, despite its impact on reducing the costs of compliance, and also research found a lack of the fact of tax services provided by tax administration, the most of the organizations had hired services consultants and experts for information and guidance to complete the tax measures, which have contributed to increasing compliance costs. Conversely recommendations were made in line with the reality of conclusions

تقييم الخيارات الاستراتيجية لتطوير واقع الشركة العامة للاسواق المركزية

اسم المؤلف: سندس محمد جدوع
اسم المشرف: صلاح الدين عواد كريم الكبيسي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التخطيط الاستراتيجي
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

تقييم الاداء المالي في النظم المصرفية : دراسة مقارنة لعينة من المصارف الخاصة الاسلامية والتقليدية في العراق للمدة 2010 - 2015 Assess the financial performance of the banking systems (a comparative study of a sample of private Islamic and conventional banks in Iraq for the period 2010 - 2015)

اسم المؤلف: حيان ياسين عبد الله محمد الحياني
اسم المشرف: علي عبد محمد سعيد الراوي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: العلوم المالية والمصرفية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تؤدي المصارف بنحو عام دورا هاما في الحياة الاقتصادية فهي تعمل كوسيط بين المدخرين والمستثمرين لذلك فهي تعمل على تحريك عجلة الاقتصاد الوطني وزيادة نموه ونظرا لاهمية الجهاز المصرفي عموما والمصارف الاسلامية خصوصا حيث جرى العمل على تحليل ادائهوامقارنتها بالمصارف التقليدية من اجل اثبات فرضية البحث التي استندت على ان المصارف الاسلامية في العراق تمتلك مقومات النجاح التي تمكنها من منافسة المصارف التقليدية وفي سبيل تحقق ذلك استخدم اسلوب تحليل النسب المالية على عينة تتكون من (6) مصارف (3) مصارف اسلامية خاصة و(3) مصارف تقليدية خاصة باستخدام عدد من النسب التي تم اختيارها على اساس امكانية تطبيقها على كلا النوعين من المصارف . وفي سبيل تحقق هدف البحث تم تقسيمه الى ثلاثة فصول رئيسة تضمن كل فصل منها ثلاثة مباحث تناول الفصل الاول منها اسس التحليل المالي , وتطرق الفصل الثاني الى المصارف الاسلامية والتقليدية من حيث (الاطار العام ,الاهداف وادوات الاستثمار) وناقش الفصل الثالث تحليل اداء بعض المصارف الخاصة الاسلامية والتقليدية في العراق للمدة (2010 - 2015) . وبذلك توصل البحث الى مجموعة من النتائج التي ثبت صحة الفرضية على الرغم من وجود بعض المؤشرات السلبية في بعض الجوانب ومن اهم هذه النتائج ان متوسط نسب السيولة المحققة من قبل المصارف الاسلامية اكبر من نسب السيولة المحققة من قبل المصارف التقليدية , واما فيما يخص نسب الربحية للمصارف الاسلامية فكانت اقل من متوسط نسب ربحية المصارف التقليدية عدا نسبة ( صافي الربح الى اجمالي الودائع) اذ حققت المصارف الاسلامية فيها متوسط نسب اعلى من متوسط نسب المصارف التقليدية . كما ان المصارف الاسلامية حققت متوسط نسب توظيف في (الاستثمارات/ الودائع) اقل من متوسط نسب توظيف المصارف التقليدية , واما فيما يخص نسبة (الائتمان النقدي / اجمالي الودائع) فقد استطاعت المصارف الاسلامية من تحقق متوسط نسبة اعلى من متوسط نسبة المصارف التقليدية . واما فيما يخص نسب الكفاية فقد حققت المصارف الاسلامية متوسط (نسب كفاية في راس المال) اعلى من متوسط (نسب كفاية راس مال) المصارف التقليدية . اما بالنسبة للتوصيات فكان اهمها ضرورة استغلال الموارد في صيغ مختلفة وعدم اقتصاره على صيغة المرابحة مع العمل على استخدام احدث اساليب منح الائتمان لتقليل الخسائر خصوصا في المشاركات والمضاربات . | Banks in general play an important role in economic life, They are working as an intermediate between savers and investors Thus, They are working on moving the wheel of the national economy, and increase its growth. Given the importance of the banking system, Generally, and Islamic banks, especially, where work was to evaluate the performance of Islamic banks , comparing With The conventional banks, to prove the Research Hypothesis, which was based on that the Islamic banks in Iraq have the Success factors that will enable Them to compete with the conventional Private banks : In order to achieve that, it was used the "Financial Ratio Analysis" on a sample consists of (6) Banks : ( 3) Islamic Private banks and (3) conventional banks using a number of ratios that have been selected, based on their applicability to both types of banks . In order to achieve the goal of research was divided into three main chapters, every chapters, including three sections, first chapter dealing with foundations of financial analysis, and the second chapter discussed the Islamic and conventional banks in terms of (the general framework, objectives and investment instruments), the third chapter Discuss, analysis performance of some Islamic and conventional private banks in Iraq for the period (2010 - 2015). ……………………….. Thereby, the research concluded a group of results that substantiate the hypothesis, in spite of negatives in some aspects, and the most important of these results is that the average liquidity rates achieved by Islamic banks are bigger than Liquidity rates, achieved by the conventional banks; The profitability ratios of Islamic banks were less than the average profitability rates of conventional banks, except (net profit to total deposits), ratio Where Islamic banks have achieved rates average is higher than the rates average of conventional banks. Also, Islamic banks rates average, achieved in the employment (investments / deposits), less than the average rates of employment of conventional banks; is The proportion (cash credit / total deposits) of Islamic banks has been able to achieve a proportion average higher than the rate average of conventional banks. As regards the adequacy ratios, Islamic banks have achieved an average (adequacy ratios in the capital)That is higher than the average (capital adequacy) of conventional banks, and also higher than the specific rate by the Central Bank rates. As for the most important recommendations was the need to exploit resources in different formats and not confined to the (Murabaha) with work on the use of most recent methods of granting credit to reduce losses, especially in the (Musharakah) and (Mudarabah

الاديرة والكنائس المسيحية في مملكة الحيرة في ضوء المصادر التاريخية والتنقيبات الاثرية حتى نهاية القرن الثاني الهجري/ الثامن الميلادي Christian monasteries and churches in the Kingdom ofHira in the Light of Historical Resources and Archaeological Excavation Till The End of Eighth Century A.D - Second Century Hegira

اسم المؤلف: نبيل عبد الحسين راهي
اسم المشرف: نسيبة محمد الهاشمي
الموضوع العام: علم الاثار
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاثار الاسلامية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Politically and historically : the Kingdom of Al - Hira was an independent Arab kingdom never submitted to the Sassanid empire, neither politically or militarily. It had joint protection treats and political relations with this empire.Religiously : Al - Hira was a multi - religion kingdom. At its early days it embraced many religions including both Heathenism and Judaism. No historical proof indicates that Al - Hira had embraced the religion of Sassanid as this didn't suit the Arab religious belief. Once Christianity arrived at Iraq, the inhabitants of Al - Hira were amongst the first people who believed in and embraced it to the extent that it became the religion of the majority of Al - Hira inhabitants. Before the advent of Islam, the official religion of Al - Hira was Christianity. Doctrinally, the people of Al - Hira didn't agree with other Christian sects about the nature of Christ and his virgin mother; they followed Nestorian's Doctrine which then became Eastern Christianity which spread from Al - Hira towards east to the far China. The bishop of Al - Hira was the protector of this belief. In Al - Hira there were many schools that taught this belief's theology; the most prominent Nestorian bishops. The religious architecture, especially Christian architecture some of which were revealed by archaeological excavations, was incomplete in that excavations did not reveal it completely or those which were found were destructed buildings. These buildings were monasteries or churches influenced by local architecture trends of ancient Iraq; they were not influenced by Christian architecture that was found in other neighboring countries. In the following we will brief the characteristics of the architecture in Al - Hira at that era : Monasteries : The monasteries were discussed through the historical resources and literature. The names of the famous monasteries in Al - Hira were mentioned. Texts were analyzed to determine the architectural and graphic elements of these monasteries and compare them with those the archaeological excavations revealed Christian monasteries in Al - Hira. Another resource was the archaeological excavations where foundations and traces of three monasteries; namely Qasseer, Ain Shayie and Abdul - Messiah monasteries, were found. The resources of the study of excavations depended upon scientific reports of missions, previous studies, authentic reports manuscripts, most of which were redrawn by the researcher to lighten the unclear ones. The monasteries found during excavations lacks a lot of elements mentioned by historical resources, such as monastic hermitages and cells, which characterize monasteries.Churches : Through the samples tackled by the study, three types of church planning were revealed : 1 - The type of one portico which ends at altar. This type was found in the monasteries of al - Qasseer.2 - The three - structure type with oratory which depends of pillars dividing among such porticos. Of this type was the church no.(11) found by the mission of Oxford University in 1931 and Al - Rahhaliya Church.3 - The three - structure type with oratory which depends on walls that divide porticos, such as those of Ain Shayie which were found by the Japanese mission.The roof design system depended upon semi - cylindrical vault and dome in general. However excavations didn't show these elements in a clear and complete way, architectural data suggest that. As for direction, churches didn't obey apostles' instructions that dictated direction towards east; they were deviated in different degrees towards south - east. Concerning architectural design, the monasteries and churches of Al - Hira were not influenced by a foreign architecture, but inspired by ancient Iraqi architecture, unlike those of Syria and Egypt which were influenced by Roman Culture.

نصوص مسمارية غير منشورة من العصر الاكدي Unpublished cuneiform Texts From Akkadian Period

اسم المؤلف: نشات علي عمران
اسم المشرف: باسمة جليل عبد
الموضوع العام: علم الاثار
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات المسمارية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Akkadian period is among important period in Mesopotamia as it determines the end of an period and the beginning of a new one which is characterized with a central authority in which the power was in the hands of one king and an apparent change on the national, linguistic and political fields. All Sumerian cities in this period submitted to the Akkadian Empire administratively, politically and militarily. This period, also, was characterized with economic prosperity and cultural development. In the present study, we tried, by studying texts in questions besides other published texts, to extract information concerning the nature of economic and trade activities and the political issues of the Akkadian Empire. The study is cantion of three chapters divided into sections. Chapter one is a historical brief of the origin of Akkadians and the migration. This chapter also includes two sections, the first deals with cultural history of Akkadians and the second deals with their religious life. Chapter two includes two sections; section one discusses the political history of the Akkadian Empire, whereas section two studies its economic activities. Chapter three is a study of the cuneiform texts and their analysis. It includes two sections; the first of which studies the contents of these texts, the second studies cuneiform texts, their translations and analyses. The study, also, includes pictures and hand copies of maps and indexes included Sumerian words and their equivalents in both Akkadian and Arabic languages. It also includes tables of the figures, gods and cities proper nouns.

تحضير عامل مساعد زيوت Y من قشور الرز العراقية لتطبيقات تكسير الهكسان Preparation Of Zeolite Y Catalyst From Iraqi Rice Husk For Cracking Of n - Hexane

اسم المؤلف: زينب محمد صبار
اسم المشرف: نجاة جمعة صالح بشير يوسف شرهان
الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Silica nano particles were prepared from Iraqi rice husk (al - Najaf province) by precipitation method. Rice husk (RH) was treated with two different concentrations of inorganic acid (i.e. 1 & 3 N HCl) then burning at 700 °C under two heating rates. Chemical composition of rice husk ash (RHA) determined by X - Ray fluorescence (XRF) was contained about 89.5 wt% and 95.2 wt% SiO2 by treatment with 1N HCl at 10 and 5 °C/min heating rates for 3 hrs, respectively. While, XRF analysis was given 97.5 wt% SiO2content in RHA by treatment with 3 N HCl at 5 °C/min heating rates for 2 hrs. 3N HCl and heating rate at 5°C/min seems to be the best method to reduce the metallic ingredients and to obtain highly purified nanosilica powder at a purity of 98.9 wt%.The prepared nanosilica was also characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), in order to investigate its properties.X - ray results revealed a strong single beak of 2? at about 22° with an amorphous phase. Surface area was measured for nano silica to be 298 m2/g. The average diameter of prepared nanosilica is 89.58 nm as obtained by AFM analysis. Rice husk is seen to be a frugal waste material, high silica content, and it will be able to apply as a natural source of silica for preparation the zeolite - Y catalysts rather than burnt or dumped it as waste, causing environmental and health problems. On the other hand, the commercial source of silica (i.e. Ludox As - 40) is industrially used with other materials for synthesizing the zeolite type - Y catalyst and economically it has an expensive cost. Hence, it is essential to find out another pathway for silica source.This work deals with the replacing of costly commercial precursors of silica by a cheap natural nano - source silica from Iraqi RH. As such this study focuses on the optimization of percentages of natural and/or commercial silica applied within either seed gel or feed stock gel in the zeolite - Y synthesis process in order to investigate the effect of the nature of the silica used on both the structural properties of produced of Y - catalyst as well as on the catalytic performance of these catalysts in hydrocarbon cracking reactions forimproving the production catalytic activity and selectivity. Commercial zeolite - Y catalyst was laboratory prepared by means of commercial silica source and named as “A” sample, whereas other four samples of zeolite catalysts were successfully synthesized with a desired zeolite - Y phase and so - called “B, C, D and E” using different percentages of natural silica source. All the achieved samples are investigated by characterization techniques (i.e. XRD, BET - surface area, Pore volume, FTIR SEM, AAS, and EDX). The synthesized HY - catalyst samples were catalytically tested in the cracking of Hexane (C6H14) through an experimental cracking rig, and the reaction products were analyzed by GC. The performance of Iraqi RH zeolite type - Y catalysts was compared with the commercial lab HY - catalyst. Catalyst B prepares from only natural nanosilicasource and in comparison with other synthesized Y - catalysts; it gives the best catalytic behavior with 98 - 95 mol% conversion together with the selectivity domination of isomer and normal paraffin within the reaction products during more than 2 hrs at 450 °C. This result confirms that the use of natural silica source can be enhanced the catalytic properties of zeolite type - Y catalyst.

حساب توزيع الطاقة الممتصة في راس الانسان باستخدام نطاق الفرق الزمني المحدد لانظمة الاتصالات المتنقلة Computation Of Sar Distribution In Human Head For Cellurlar Mobile Communication Systems Using Fdtd

اسم المؤلف: هويدا كمال عبد الفتاح
اسم المشرف: عضيد حسن سلومي
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Widespread wireless communications system in the last few years, leads people to ask many questions about the advantages and disadvantages of those systems, especially about electromagnetic waves pollution and their effect on human health.The mobile device is frequently used by the general public from adult to child, one of the main sources of electromagnetic waves and very close to the human head. Therefore the focus of this research on the impact of electromagnetic waves from mobile to human health by measuring the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), at the human head and the hand through SEMCAD - X that uses the Finite Different Time Domain (FDTD). SAR computation uses (FDTD) in the way the limited space of time, to calculate the specific absorption rate. The results have been compared with standards averaged over any 1 g of tissue and averaged over any 10 g of tissue. It didn't exceed the applicable standard.This work evaluates specific absorption rate (SAR) at different ages of three people. Firstly, old man, who was estimated to head 100% size of header used in the program SEMCAD - X. Secondly Adult man was estimated his head by 85% size of header used in program, and finally the child who was estimated his head by 65% size of header used in the program SEMCAD - X, the design hand has been used with all cases.The design of the mobile phone software works in four different packages of frequencies; the packets are the center frequencies 900MHz 1800MHz, 2100MHz and 2400MHz, when increased frequency the SAR increased but in the some state and frequency decreasing.The Evaluation of SAR in the head and the hand of the user device and the generic phone, the highest value of SAR decreases with increasing distance between the generic phone and the user's head and reducing the proportion was 50% for the old man, 40% for adult man and 35% for child. It can be noted that the angle of the rotation of the various frequencies is not fixed, while the ratio approximately is 25% for each angle of rotation.Also, it can be noted that for fixed frequency, the input power is increased to a double and the SAR have been used increased almost to a double.The different positions show that the methods of holding generic phone have a significant impact on the value of SAR. Therefore, the value of SAR can be reduced into 90% when using the correct method.The evaluation of SAR in these cases shows their influence on children and it was much greater than the adult human or old human by parentage 40% old man and 35% adult man.

مبدل فوتوفولطائي مايكروي احادي المرحلة نوع فلايباك المغذي للشبكة Single Stage Grid - Connected Flyback Photovoltaic Microinverter

اسم المؤلف: مصطفى عباس فضل
اسم المشرف: تركي كحیوش حسن
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Solar energy systems based on photovoltaic (PV) cells have attracted considerable interest in recent years due to their abilities of clear and seemingly limitless generated energy. Solar energy systems based on microinverter architectures are earning in publicity as they are less prone to shading and PV cell malfunction since each PV panel in the system has its own low power inverter.In this thesis two alternative modes of operation for the current source flyback microinverter are suggested : the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), where a constant switching frequency (CSF) control method is applied, and the boundary conduction mode (BCM) between continuous conduction mode (CCM) and DCM, where a variable switching frequency (VSF) control method is used. These two control methods are analytically studied and compared in order to establish their advantages as well as their suitability for the development of an inverter for grid - connected PV applications.An optimum design methodology is developed, aiming for an inverter with the smallest possible volume for the maximum power transfer to the public grid and wide PV energy exploitation. The main advantages of the current source flyback microinverter are very high power density and high efficiency due to its simple structure, as well as high power factorregulation. The design and control methodology are validated by Powersimulation software (PSIM) and a laboratory hardware prototype is buildusing analogue and digital devices.The microcontroller type (PIC - 18F45K22) is used to implement perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, and C language is used for programing the microcontroller. The simulation and experimental results are obtained to verify the proposed flyback microinverter.

مسيطر السرعة المثالي بالاعتماد على المتجه المسيطر لمسوق محرك التيار المستمر عديم الفرش Optimal Speed Controller Based On Vector Controlled For A Brushless DC Motor Drive

اسم المؤلف: مصطفى بشار عبد الملك
اسم المشرف: تركي كحيوش حسن
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اصبحت محركات التيار المستمر عديمة الفرش شائعة جدا في الكثير من المجالات مثل في الصناعة والتطبيقات المنزلية؛ وذلك يعود الى مميزاتها العديدة على محركات التيار المستمر ذوات الفرش والمحركات الحثية؛ مثل كفائتها العالية, كثافة قدرتها العالية وحجمها الصغيرنسب | Brushless DC (BLDC) motors have become very popular in various fields such as in industry or home appliances; and that is due to their many advantages over the brushed DC motors and the induction motors such as their higher efficiency, high power density and respectively low volume. The traditional and most popular way to drive BLDC motor is by using six - step or trapezoidal technique. This technique however has several problems such as high torque ripple and high distortion in the currents. This thesis presents a BLDC motor drive system where the performance of the motor is improved on various aspects. The first aspect is to improve the speed response by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique to find the optimal parameters of the speed controller. The second aspect is to reduce the torque ripple associated with the traditional driving technique and also improve the dynamic response of the motor by using vector or field - oriented control to drive the motor. The third aspect is improving the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the voltages and currents by using multilevel inverter. The last aspect is driving the motor in sensorless operation for reduced cost and for applications where speed and position sensors cannot be used; this operation uses a flux - linkage observer with a phase - locked loop (PLL) structure to estimate the position and speed of the rotor. The control methods are modeled using MATLAB/Simulink program and the results show that the proposed systems has significant improvement in performance as compared with the traditional technique in terms of speed response, torque ripple and THD of the voltages and currents
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