البحث — المستودع الرقمي العراقي

نتائج البحث: 25 من أصل 129

اسم المؤلف: اية حامد حمد الحكيم

اسم المشرف: رفاه هادي لطيف

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم للبنات - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

تاثير استخدام التبن المعامل بالشرش واليوريا بنسب مختلفة في اداء الحملان العزابية الدكزية == Effect of the Using of Different Rates of Straw Treated with Whey and Urea on the Performance of Male Arabi Lambs

اسم المؤلف: محمد صبيح مجيد مريوش الساعدي

اسم المشرف: عماد فلاح حسن الجاسم

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The present study was conducted at Animal Farm/College of Agriculture/ University of Basra during 20/11/2014 to 18/2/2015. The aim was to clarify the effect of using straw treated with whey and urea at different levels on some productive and physiological traits of male Arabi lambs. A total of 16 male lambs were used aged 6 - 7 months with an average weight of 30.50±1.65 Kg. the lambs were distributed randomly and equally to four treatments. Concentrate diet included barley (55%), wheat straw (43%), vitamin and minerals (1%), urea (0.5%) and salt NaCl, (0.5%). Lambs were fed at 3% of their live body weight with adjustment depending on body weight change through the study period to every treatment (every two weeks). The residual feed was collected every following morning to measure the consumption feed. Ration of each treatment was as follow : 1 - First treatment : 100% concentrate diet.2 - Second treatment : 90% concentrate+10% straw treated with whey and urea.3 - Third treatment : 80% concentrate+20% straw treated with whey and urea.4 - Four treatment : 70% concentrate+30% straw treated with whey and urea.The studied productive traits were live weight, daily and total growth rates, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio, carcass traits (hot carcassweight, dressing%, cuts weight, carcass offal, internal organs weight, abdominal, heart, kidney, pelvic and tail fat weight with physical dissection of rib cut and measurement of meat, bone and fat%). Organoleptic test included color, flavor, tenderness, juiciness and total acceptance. Blood biochemical traits included total protein, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, serum urea and some hormones as growth and thyroxine hormones. Results can be summarized as follow : 1 - There were significant differences in final body weight and daily and total growth rate of lambs of second group, which was fed 10% treated straw with whey and urea in comparison with other groups.2 - Significant improvement in feed conversion ratio of lambs of 2nd group in comparison with other groups as well as there was an increase in feed consumption of lambs of 2nd and 3rd groups.3 - There were significant differences in hot carcass weights of 2nd group in comparison with other groups as well as dressing% of lambs of control and 2nd group in comparison with other groups.4 - Lack of significant differences among treated groups in the cases of cut weights, weight and % of meat, fat and bone of rib cut, external body offal, internal organs and some body fat depots.5 - Significant differences in tail weight of 2nd group and abdominal fat of 2nd and 4th groups in comparison with other groups were observed.6 - There were significant improvement in some organoleptic test as flavor and total acceptance of groups received straw treated with both 10% or 20% whey and urea in comparison with control group.7 - There was a significant increase in total proteın concentration in blood serum of lambs of 2nd and 3rd group in comparison with other groups. There was also a significant difference in serum urea concentration of lambs of 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups in comparison with control group.8 - Neither signifcant differences were found in cholesterol, glucose, triglyerides nor in growth and throxine hormones among studeid groups.

تاثير احلال نسب مختلفة من مجروش نوى التمر محل الشعير مع او بدون اضافة خميرة الخبز (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) في اداء الحملان العرابية الذكرية == Effect of replacing different ratios of crushed Date Stone instead of barley with or without addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on performance of Arabi Male Lambs

اسم المؤلف: كريم حمادي مهنى ابو سلوى

اسم المشرف: محارب عبد الحميد طاهر | عـماد فلاح الجاسم

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: This study was conducted in the Animal Farm of the College of Agriculture - University of Basrah. A total of 28 Arabi male lambs were used, with average age of 5 months and mean body weight of 21.74 ± 1.33 Kg. Lambs were distributed equally and randomly into 7 nutrition rations in two experiments. First experiment was a growth experiment which lasted for 90 days. The second was digestion field experiment and lasted for 13 days after the end of the first experiment. The experimental rations were as follows : Ration - 1 - (control) - fed on concentrate ration only by 3% of body weight. Ration - 2 - fed on 90% of the control ration and 10% of ground date stones substituted for the barley.Ration - 3 - lambs fed on the ration 2 with addition of 3 grams of bakery yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) / Kg of feed. Ration - 4 - fed on 80% of the control ration with substitution of 20% of date stones for barley.Ration - 5 - lambs fed on the ration 4 with addition of 3 grams of bakery yeast per Kg of feed.Ration - 6 - fed on 70% of the control ration and 30% of date stones.Ration - 7 - lambs fed on the ration 6 with addition of 3 grams of bakery yeast per Kg of feed.Results were as follows : 1 - Mean final body weight (34.00 Kg) except Control ration, total gain weight (12.75 Kg) except the control and 2 rations and daily gain weight (141.67 g/ day) of lambs in ration 3 were significantly higher than animals in other rations.2 - Animals of ration 3 recorded the highest feed consumption arithmetically (0.829 Kg/ day/ lamb) and the best feed conversion ratio arithmetically too (5.85 Kg dry matter/ Kg body weight gain).3 - Substitution of date stones with addition of bakery yeast affected digestion coefficients of feed nutrients. Ration 3 was superior in digestion coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and nitrogen free extract to other rations. These values were 70.64, 72.11 and 80.64 %.4 - Results showed significant differences between means of pH of rumen fluid and total bacterial count which Significant decreases in each of 6 and 7 rations than other rations while in the counts of cellulolytic digestion bacteria, ration 3 were significantly than animals in other rations but not differ significantly from that of the ration 5 while it was similar with control ration. 5 - No significant differences between rations were noticed in means of red blood corpuscles, white blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, cholesterol concentration, glucose concentration and concentration of the enzymes GPT and GOT. While differences between means of blood urea concentration and total protein of blood were significant.6 - Mean empty body weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage on the basis of live weight and empty body weight of lambs in ration 3 28.02 Kg, 16.18 Kg, 47.59% and 57.74% respectively were significantly higher than that of animals in other rations except control ration in hot carcass weight.7 - The highest weights of rib cut (rib 7 - 12), leg cut and loin cut were for animals in ration 3 (1.61, 5.00 and 2.40 Kg respectively) than other rations but in the loin cut, the ration 3 was similar to the control ration 2.16 Kg.8 - For body measurements, the highest leg circumference were recorded for animals in rations 2 and 3 (35.00 and 36.50 cm respectively) than other rations but these rations were similar to the control ration. While the highest rib eye muscle area was for carcasses of animals in ration 3 (14.41 cm2) but this value did not differ significantly from that of the control animals (13.45 cm2).9 - In the case of some carcass muscle weights, the muscle Supraspinatus weight were higher in the animals of the ration 3 (176.67 g) but it was similar to control ration (164.25 g). Weight of the muscle Biceps femoris was higher in the carcasses of animals in ration 3 (625.75 g).10 - Carcasses of animals in ration 3 recorded the highest dissected lean meat 931.70 g and fat 280.55 g in rib cut, but no significant differences were registered for dissected bone weight among the different rations. Also weights of the internal organs of the animals namely : liver, heart, kidneys, lungs, spleen and the testicles for animals in ration 3 were higher than that of other rations.11 - Mean weights of separated fat of carcasses were higher for animals of the 2 and 3 rations (1.93 and 1.95 Kg respectively) in comparison with animals of other rations but these rations were similar to the control ration 2.08 Kg.12 - Substitution of date stones in percentages of 10% and 20%, with the addition of bakery yeast caused significant improvement in organoleptic characteristics (color, tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability). Evaluation of samples of rations 3 and 5 were superior to that of other rations.13 - Rations 3 and 5 gave the best results for water holding capacity in meat. No significant differences were obtained in cholesterol concentration and pH of meat.Results showed that the lowest values of cooking loss were in ration 3 (43.30 %).No significant differences were observed in chemical composition of theLongissimus dorsi muscle (moisture, protein, fat and ash) between rations.

دراسة التنوع الوراثي للجاموس العراقي باستخدام تقنيتي RAPD وSTR == Study of Genetic Diversity of Iraqi Buffalo by RAPD and STR

اسم المؤلف: فالح حسن حمد

اسم المشرف: اسعد يحيى عايد | طالب احمد جايد

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The current study was conducted in the laboratory of Dr. TalibAhmed Jaayide Molecular Genetics / Faculty of Agriculture /University of Basrah. After collecting blood samples from the Iraqibuffalo in the provinces of Basrah (30 samples), Dhi Qar, Maysanand Najaf (25 samples each), bringing the total samples to 105samples. The study aimed to study the genetic diversity of the Iraqibuffalo through the use of tow techniques, first technique was, thePCR - RAPD technique and the second microsatellite technique(PCR - STR). After extracting the DNA samples, seven primers ofPCR - RAPD technique were used, included C01, C04, C06, C07,C09, C11 and C12. Primers of PCR - STR technique wereILSTS005, ILSTS029 and ILSTS072. After analyzing the results ofthe three technologies it can be summarized as follows : 1 - All primers of PCR - RAPD showed genetic polymorphisms,with the presence of many bands except the primer C11which was notamplified in all samples.2 - The size of primer C07 was 1969 bp, which was the biggestprimer size, however, the smallest primer size was C01(1606 bp).3 - Number of bands showed by PCR - RAPD primers were 28,42, 56, 53, 57 and 64 bands of C01, C04, C06, C07, C09,C12 primers respectively.4 - Primer C09 revealed the highest number of polymorphicbands in Basra and Dhi - Qar provinces (47 and 46 bandsrespectively). However, the primer C12 gave highest numberof polymorphic bands in Maysan (47 bands). The primer C01showed lowest number of polymorphic bands in all studiedprovinces (14 bands in Basra and Dhi - Qar provinces, 12bands in Maysan and 13 bands in Najaf province.5 - Shared bands between Basra and Dhi - Qar, Basra andMaysan, Basra and Najaf, Dhi - Qar and Maysan, Dhi - Qar andNajaf and Maysan and Najaf were 177, 151, 162, 146 and152 bands respectively. The high number of shared bandsreflected high genetic similarly among provinces.6 - Maysan province showed highest special bands of primerC07 (8 bands) followed by Dhi - Qar province (5 bands) whichis considered as fingerprint for these provinces even they showed very low frequencies.7 - Primer C04 revealed lowest genetic diversity measured by Shannon index in all studied areas (28.82 - 35.58%), however, all other primers showed higher genetic diversity (47.57 - 55.70%).8 - Similarity among provinces was higher than 70% to 95% for all PCR - RAPD primers, which indicates that all subpopulations of buffalo belong to one breed.9 - Primers C07 and C12 highlighted highest percent of mean gene diversity to population diversity (GST) with a value of 22.69 and 21.46 respectively.10 - All STR markers (ILSTS005, ILSTS029 and ILSTS072) have been amplified in all buffalo samples of all studied areas. Observed allele numbers were 20, 22 and 21 alleles for markers respectively with a total of 63 alleles. The marker ILSTS005 gave highest number of observed alleles in Dhi - Qar (21), Najaf (20) and Maysan (17). Whereas, the marker ILSTS029 showed less number of observed alleles at Maysan province (9 alleles). 11 - Allele frequencies ranged from 0.02 to 0.32 for all markers and provinces.12 - Shared alleles between Basra andDhi - Qar, Basra and Maysan, Basra and Najaf, Dhi - Qar and Maysan, Dhi - Qar andNajaf, Maysan and Najaf were 25, 27, 30, 22, 33 and 33alleles.13 - Special allele mean frequency of studied population was 0.048. While gene flow after adjusted for sample size of each province was 2.25 alleles. Range of missing allele frequency for all studied areas was 0.000 - 0.099.14 - Range of heterozygosity percent was 80 - 100%, whereas homozygosity% was 0 - 20%.15 - All Fis values of studied markers in all provinces were significant except the marker STR072 in Dhi - Qar province which was nonsignificant. This result reflected the absence of inbreeding in all areas and there was no significant deficiency in genetic variation.16 - Linkage disequilibrium test showed that tested markers are not located on one chromosome.17 - The study thus highlights the usefulness of heterologous PCR - RAPD and microsatellite markers to assess the genetic variability in buffalo. Also various diversity indices suggest sufficient genetic variability within Iraqi buffalo that can be utilized as initial guidelines for future breeding strategies and conservation.

تاثير فترة الخزن بالتجميد في بعض الصفات النوعية لقطعتي الصدر والفخذ لطائر السمان الياباني == Impact of Freezing Storage Period on some Characteristics Quality of Breact and Thigh Meat of Japanese Quail

اسم المؤلف: زينب علي كاظم شاهر السعيدي

اسم المشرف: رياض كاظم موسى | ماجد حسن عبد الرضا

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The present study was conducted at the Department of Animal Production / College of Agriculture / University of Basrah. The aim was to determine the effect of freezing storage period at ( - 18)ºc for the periods of (0,30,60,90) days on physical , chemical and sensory changes of breact and thigh meat of Japanese quails of both sexes at the age of (42) days . Chemical tests ware moisture % , protein % and ash % as well as the concentrations of free fatty acid and cholesterol concentration . Physical tests included pH, total dissolved nitrogen % , protein and non - protein tryptophan , thyrosin / tryptophan coefficient and loss percent at cooking . Sensory tests were color , flaver , tenderness , juiciness and total acceptance . The results can be summarized as follow : 1 - A significant (p≤ 0.05) decrease in moisture % and protein %, and increase (p≤ 0.05) in fat % and ash % of breact and thigh of both sexes as storage period advanced .2 - There was a higher loss in moisture % of breact cut of male carcasses as storage period advanced in comparison with breact cut of female carcass . However percentage of losing in female thigh was higher than that of male thigh .3 - Decreasing percent of protein in preceding storage period of breact and thigh cuts of male carcasses were higher than that of female abreact and thigh cuts .4 - An increase in fat % of female breact with preceding storage period was higher than that of males in contrast with thigh of male and female .5 - Breact and thigh cut of male carcasses recorded higher ash% in storage advances .6 - The was a significant (p≤ 0.05) decrease in essential and non - essential amino acids concentration of breact and thigh as in flounced by storage period in comparison with fresh carcasses .7 - There was a significant (p≤ 0.05) increase in percentage of saturated fatty acid ( palmatic and stearic ) and a significant (p≤ 0.05) decrease in non - saturated fatty acid ( palmatic , oleic and lionelic ) of breact and thigh cuts of males and females in proceeding of storage period .8 - Essential amino acids ( methonin , isolucein , phynel alinane and valin ) and non - essential ( alnine , argnin , ceren , prolin , thyrosin and glysin ) losing rate of breact and thigh cuts of male carcasses were higher in storage advance in comparison with those of females.9 - Peroxide and free fatty acid and cholesterol concentration of abreact and thigh cuts of both sexes showed significant (p≤ 0.05) increase with preceding period of storage .10 - There were significant (p≤ 0.05) decrease in pH and increase in total dissolved nitrogen , protein and non - protein tryptophan ,tyrosine / tryptophan coefficient and loss% during cooking of abreact and thigh cuts of carcasses of both sexes in advanced storage period .11 - There was a significant (p≤ 0.05) decrease in sensory characteristics ( color , flavor , juice mess , tenderness and total acceptance of abreact and thigh cuts of both sexes in advance storage period .

تقييم الاداء الانتاجي والفسلجي لطيور السمان الياباني المغذاة على مستويات مختلفة من زيت وبذور وثمار الحنظل المحلي == Evaluation of Productive ,Performance Physiological of Japanese Quail Fed Different Levels of Oil, Seeds and Fruits of Local Bitter Melon ( Citrullus Colocynthis

اسم المؤلف: رسول عبد علي عباس الصبيحاوي

اسم المشرف: ربيعة جدوع عباس

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Tow experiment were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with different levels of seed, fruits meal, oil and their combination of bitter melon(Citrullus Colocynthis) on productive, physiological and immunological peformance of Japanese quail. The first experiment was carried out at the Quail farm, College of Agriculture, University of Basra from 1/11/2015 to 26/12/2015. A total of 288 unsexed one day old quail chicks were used in this study from private hatchery which located on the Omara City Road . The rate of weight was 8g / chick.At14 days were randomly distributed on 24 cages (12 chick/cage) ,with three replicate for each treatment in a Complete Randomized Design(CRD) and the treatments were as follows : T1 Basal diet without any addition(Control). T2, T3 : Basal diet supplemented with%1.5,%3 bitter melon seed powder. T4, T5 : Basal diet supplemented with %1.5,%3 bitter melon seed oil. T6, T7 : Basal diet supplemented with %1.5,%3 bitter melon fruit powder. T8 : Basal diet supplemented a mixture of seeds, fruit and oil at level of %1 each.The results showed : 1. The chemical analysis of bitter melon composition reveled that fruit containing the highest percentage of protein (%29.87) ,fat (%6.33),ash (%12.08)and crude fiber (%16.06) as compared to seeds which higher inavailable carbohydrate (%62.35) and metabolisable energy value(3243.58Kcal/Kg).2. Significant differences (P≤0.05) between the experimental treatments in average final body weight (8wks) and weight gains at 5 - 6 and 2 - 8weeks of Japanese quail.3. No significant differences were revealed in the amount of feed consumption at 5 - 6 weeks of age, whereas there were significant differences(P≤0.05) at the other remaining experimental periods.4. No significant differences were observed in feed conversion ratio during the period 4 - 5 weeks of age, whereas there were significant differences(p≤0.05) at 3 - 2,3 - 4,5 - 6,6 - 7,7 - 8 and 2 - 8 weeks of age .5. There was significant increase (p≤0.05) in carcass weight, dressing percentage, relative Wight of thigh in T4 and T5 which recorded theSummary الخلاصةhighest percent as compared to control. There was no significant differences observed in relative weight of gizzard and heart, while there was significant decrease in relative weight of liver in T4,T5,T6,T7 and T8 and in amount of abominate fat in all supplemented diet as compared to control.6. No significant differences on relative weight and length of ileum relative weight of duodenum and jejunum, while there was significant differences(p≤0.05) on relative weight and length of duodenum, jejunum and in the gastrointitian at tract.7. There was no any case of mortality recorded between the experimental treatment at all time of study.8. There was significant increase (p≤0.05) in proactive, economic index and in protein efficiency ratio in all supplemented treatment as compared with control.9. No significant effects in bursa of fabricius gland index while there was significant differences in the relative weight of spleen.10. There was significant decrease (p≤0.05) in total bacteria and E.coli bacteria count, while there was significant improvement (p≤0.05) in the number of lactic acid bacteria in the treatment T5,T4,T3 and T8 as compared to control.11. There was significant increase (P ≤0.05) in the number of RBC and WBC cells in T5,while there was significant differences in RBC number in treatment T2,T3,T6,T7 and T8 also in WBC number in T6,T7 and T8 and in PCV in T2,T3,T6,T7 and whereas T6,T7 andT8 recorded the lowest Hb concentration as compared to decrease in H/L ratio as compared to control.12. Significant improvement (P≤0.05) concerning in the serum biochemical parameter , which included glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride, while there was significant decreased in total protein concentration as compared to control.Summary الخلاصةThe second experiment was carried out at the Quail Farm, College of Agriculture, University of Basra from 2/1/2016 to 30/1/2016 . A total of 168 laying quail, average weight185.33 (g), were randomly distributed on 24 cages(7 hens/cage)with three replicates for each treatment in a Complete Random Design ( CRD) .Hens in each treatments received the same experimental diets as described in first experiment .The results showed the following : 1. There was no significant differences in the amount of feed consumption in treatment T2and T3 ,where as ,there was significant decrees (P ≤0.05) in feed intake in all the period in comparison with control.2. There was significant improvement (P ≤0.05) in the feed conversion ratio in treatment which contain seed, fruit, oil and their combnation as compared to control.3. significant differences(P ≤0.05)were revealed in egg production %, egg mass at 0 - 1,1 - 2 and 1 - 4 weeks, as well as in the relative weight of egg shell, yolk, albumen and yolk to albumen ratio and in shell thickness4. There was significant improvement in egg weight at 0 - 4 weeks in supplemented treatment as compared to control.5. No significant differences were observed among treatment in egg width ,yolk index and egg shape index ,while there was significant differences(P≤0.05)in egg length, yolk diameter and height, and in albumen diameter and height .

تاثير الشعير المنبت وبذور الكتان والالمازة كاغذية وظيفية في حفظ اقراص اللحم المفروم المخزن بالتبريد والتجميد == Effect of germinated barley ,Flaxseed and jerusalum artichoke as Functional foods in Keeping minced meat storage Cooling and Freezing

اسم المؤلف: حوراء حامد شاكر علي الطفيلي

اسم المشرف: اميرة كاظم ناصر

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The aim of present study was to add some functional foods included germinated barley , flax seed and Jerusalum artichoke to minced meat . two experiments were done , the first used 5,10 and 15 % concentrations of plants to the meat and preserved under 4 c° . chemical tests were measured which included free fatty acid percent , peroxide number and cholesterol , the physical teste was cooking lost percent . Microbial tests included total loacterial number , psychiophless Drganoleptic teste included colour , falvor , tenderness , guciness and total acceptance . The best concentoate from first lexperimant was chosen to intiate the second experiment . storing temperature of - 18° c was used for three months . chemical tests included free fatty acid % , peroxide number , thiobarbutaric TBA, cholesterol , total thyrosin ,non - protein thyrosin and protein thyrosin , total dissolved nitrogen , non - protein nitrogen and protein nitrogen . physical tests included total free liquid , cooking loss % and hydrogenic number . Organdeptic test included color , flavor , tenderness , juinceness and total acceptance . The results can be summarized as follow : Summary ]b[1 - Significant (p<0.05) decrease in free fatty acid % of meat treated with studied plants of the nineth day of germinated barley and tenth dayof flaxseed and Jerusalum artichoke the 7th day from preservation because highest contamination2 - Significant (p<0.05) decrease in peroxide number of meat samples treated with all plants in comparison with contor Which recorded 3.76 melimequavtent/Kg fat on the 7th day of preservation and was discarded because of contamination , oxidation and hydrolysis . peroxidenumber of other treatments were 2.38, 2.36 and 2.33 meq/kg of germinated barley ,flaxseed and Jerusalum artichoke respectively on 6th3 - Adding plants to the meat resulted in significant decreae in total bacteria number and psychiophless in comparison with contant which was discarded on the 7th day while treated groups shoused standard characteristics till the 9th day of preservation germinated barley and the 10th day,flaxseed and Jerusalum artichoke4 - An increase (p<0.05) in hydrogegnic number was observed for all treatments except control group.5 - There was significant (p<0.05) decrease in free liquid of all treatments in comparism with control free liquid of and control was 28.31 ml when stored at frozen temperatureSummary ]c[6 - There was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in cooking loss of treated groups as storage period increases in comparison with control7 - There was significant (p<0.05) increase in total nitrogen% of treated groups in comparison with control group.8 - All treated groups showed significant (p<0.05) total value of Tyrosine/Trptophan , non - protein T/T and protein T/T in comparison with control group.9 - A significant (p<0.05) decrease in meat cholesterol concentration of groups treated with different plants in comparison with control when meat cooling and freezing.10 - Results have showed that samples treated with flaxseed and Jerusalum artichoke reveated better organoleptic traits ( color, flavor , tenderness , guciencss and total acceptance in comparison with control group

تاثير اضافة كلوريد الصوديوم وفيتامين c الى ماء الشرب في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية والنسيجية والسلوكية لطائر السمان الياباني الجامبو == Effects of Adding Sodium Chloride and Vitamin C to Drinking Water on Some Productive, Physiological, Histological, and Behavioral Traits of Jumbo Japanese Quail

اسم المؤلف: ارشد طالب محسن سلطان

اسم المشرف: طارق فرج شوكت | خالد جلاب كريدي الصالحي

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: This study was conducted at Quail's Field of Agriculture Collage/University of Basrah for the period from 15/11/2015 to 15/1/2016 to examine the effect of adding sodium chloride (NaCl) and vitamin C to the drinking water on some productivity, Physiological, histological, and behavioral traits of Jumbo Japanese quail. A 216 one week old chicks of brown jumbo Japanese quail. They were randomly distributed to six treatments (T) with three replicates of 12 chicks each replicates by Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Each liter of drinking water (RO) was treated with 1.5 or 2.5 g of NaCl, T1 and T2, respectively, 1.5 or 2.5 of NaCl plus 1 g of vitamin C, T3 and T4, respectively, only 1g of vitamin C in T5 and RO only in the control. The results indicated the following : 1. A significant increase (p<0.05) of the average of body weight in T3, T4 andT5 treatments at 6 and 8 week, with a significant increase (p<0.05) in the body weight gain at the periods (8 - 0) and (6 - 0) week compared to other treatments, however, there was no a significant difference on average of feed consumption and feed conversion ratio.2. A significant increase) p<0.05) in treatments T1 and T2 in water consumption compared to the other treatments.3. A significant increase )p<0.05) in treatments T1 and T2 in relative weight of kidney, with a significant decrease )p<0.05) in relative weight of testes and ovaries compared to other treatments, however, there was no a significant difference between all treatments on the relative weight of heart, liver and spleen.4. A significant increase )p<0.05) in treatments T3, T4and T5 in red blood cell count(RBC), packed cell volume (PCV)and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) compared to other treatments with a significant decrease )p<0.05) in heterophils /lymphocytes ratio.b5. A significant increase )p<0.05) in treatments T3, T4and T5 in total protein concentration and globulin blood serum compared to treatments T1and T2.6. A significant decrease )p<0.05) in treatments T3, T4 and T5 in concentration of ALT, AST enzyme and uric acid in blood serum compared to treatment T1and T2.7. A significant increase )p<0.05) in treatments T3, T4 and T5 in concentration of thyroxin hormone in blood serum compared to other treatments.8. A significant increase )p<0.05) in treatments T1 and T2 in rectal temperature compared to other treatments.9. There was a significant (p<0.05) in treatments T3, T4 and T5 in sexual puberty in male and female of Jumbo Japanese quail, but the treatment T1 and T2 record a late sexual puberty compare with others treatments.10. A significant increase )p<0.05) in treatments T3, T4 and T5 in egg shell thickness and relative weight of egg shell compared to other treatments.11. A significant increase )p<0.05) in treatments T3, T4 and T5 in calcium and phosphorus concentration of the tibia bone.12. A significant increase )p<0.05) in treatments T1 and T2 in water drinking behavior, whereas, there was no a significant difference between all treatments in feeding behavior.13. A significant decrease )p<0.05) in treatments T3, T4 and T5 in Pecking behavior compared with other treatments.From this study we can conclude that most of productive, physiological, and histological characteristics are affected negatively by increase of sodium chloride concentration (1.5 and 2.5 g/l). Also, as the result have shown, level of vitamin c plays a positive role to reduce the negative effect of sodium chloride.

احلال الشعير الاسود المعامل بانزيم البيتا - كلوكانيز والمنبت محل الذرة الصفراء في تغذية دجاج البيض == Replacing Black Barley treated with B - glucanase Enzyme and germinated Instead of the Yellow Corn for in laying nutrition

اسم المؤلف: رويدة زهير يونس محمد ال طي

اسم المشرف: ابراهيم سعيد ابراهيم كلور

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة الموصل

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: الموصل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في حقل الدواجن التابع لكلية الطب البيطري/ جامعة الموصل للمدة من 17/5/2005 لغاية 18/10/2005، لدراسة امكانية احلال الشعير الاسود المحلي المعامل بانزيم البيتا - كلوكانيز او الانبات محل الذرة الصفراء في تغذية الدجاج البياض وتاثيرها في الصفات الانتاجية وبعض الصفات النوعية للبيض المنتج، استخدم في هذه الدراسة 210 دجاجات بيض من نوع هبرد، وزعت عشوائيا في مكررين وبواقع 15 دجاجة/ مكرر (30 دجاجة/ معاملة)، وكانت المعاملات التجريبية كما ياتي : - 1 - صفر% شعير (60% ذرة صفراء) - عليقة السيطرة.2 - 30% شعير اسود عادي + 30% ذرة صفراء.3 - 30% شعير اسود معامل بانزيم البيتا - كلوكانيز + 30% ذرة صفراء.4 - 30% شعير اسود منبت + 30% ذرة صفراء.5 - 60% شعير اسود عادي.6 - 60% شعير اسود معامل بانزيم البيتا - كلوكانيز7 - 60% شعير اسود منبت.وكانت جميع العلائق التجريبية متماثلة في محتواها من الطاقة الايضية والبروتين الخام، وخلال فترة الدراسة تم جمع البيانات المتعلقة بصفات انتاج البيض (H.D)، وزن البيض، استهلاك العلف، كفاءة التحويل الغذائي الى البيض ونسبة الهلاكات الكلية وبعض الصفات النوعية للبيض المنتج (وحدة هيو، سمك القشرة، البقع الدموية واللحمية، لون الصفار وكولسترول صفار البيض وبلازما الدم) وكذلك قياسات اجزاء الجهاز الهضمي للدجاج البياض.ويمكن تلخيص النتائج على النحو الاتي : - اولا : انتاج البيضتمت دراسة هذه الصفة لعشر مراحل تجريبية (اسبوعان/ مرحلة) وقد لوحظ من التحليل الاحصائي للفترة الكلية زيادة معنوية (ا 0.05) في انتاج البيض المحسوب على اساس (H.D%) في الطيور المغذاة بالشعير المعامل بانزيم البيتا - كلوكانيز والانبات سواء عند المستوى 30% او 60% (العلائق 3، 4 و6، 7) مقارنة بنفس المستوى من الشعير غير المعامل (العليقتين 2 و5).وقد تم الحصول على افضل مستوى معنوي لانتاج البيض في طيور المعاملة 3 مقارنة بجميع العلائق الاخرى حيث بلغت 79.97%، 75.75%، 83.08%، 82.15%، 75%، 80.64% و80.62%، للمعاملات السبعة على التوالي. ثانيا : وزن البيضة (غم/ بيضة)لوحظ ان اضافة انزيم البيتا - كلوكانيز الى عليقة الدجاج البياض الحاوية على 30% شعير اسود محلي و30% من الذرة الصفراء (العليقة 3) تؤدي الى انتاج بيض باوزان اعلى معنويا (67.91 غم/ بيضة) خلال مدة عشر مراحل التجريبية وذلك مقارنة باضافة الانزيم او الانبات في العلائق ذوات المستويات العالية من الشعير (60%) ولم تلاحظ فروقات معنوية في وزن البيضة الناتجة عن طيور المعاملة الثالثة مقارنة بالناتجة عن طيور المعاملة الاولى الحاوية على 60% ذرة صفراء.ثالثا : استهلاك العلف (غم علف/ دجاجة/ يوم)وجد من التحليل الاحصائي ان استهلاك العلف اليومي للطائر خلال معدل المراحل التجريبية العشرة قد زاد معنويا (ا 0.05) عند اضافة الانزيم واجراء عملية الانبات للشعير عند المستوى 30% (العليقة 3و4) وذك مقارنة بالعليقة الحاوية على نفس المستوى من الشعير غير المعامل (العليقة 2) حيث بلغت 121.68، 126.46 و125.62 غم/دجاجة على التوالي، ولم تلاحظ فروقات معنوية في استهلاك العلف بين طيور المعاملة الاولى (السيطرة) والطيور المغذاة على العلائق 3، 4، 6 و7.رابعا : كفاءة التحويل الغذائي (كغم علف/ كغم بيض منتج)لوحظ من التحليل الاحصائي لهذه الصفة خلال معدل المراحل التجريبية العشرة، ان اضافة انزيم البيتا - كلوكانيز او الانبات يؤدي الى تحسين كفاءة التحويل الغذائي عند المستويين 30% و60% شعير اسود وذلك مقارنة بالعلائق الحاوية على نفس مستويي الشعير غير المعامل (العليقتين 2 و5)، وتم الحصول على افضل كفاءة تحويل غذائي في طيور المعاملة 3 حيث بلغت 2.32 كغم علف/ كغم بيض منتج والتي لم تختلف معنويا مع عليقة السيطرة عليقة (1).خامسا : الهلاكاتلا توجد فروقات معنوية في النسب المئوية للهلاكات بين طيور المعاملات التجريبية كافة خلال المدة الكلية للدراسة حيث بلغت 3.3، 3.3 صفر، 3.3 صفر، صفر، صفر% على التوالي وان هذا مهم يعني ان زيادة نسبة الشعير الى 60% لايؤثر على نسبة الهلاكات .سادسا : الصفات النوعية للبيض1 - وحدة هيو : تبين من التحليل الاحصائي عدم وجود فروقات معنوية في قيمة وحدة هيو خلال المراحل التجريبية الثلاثة الاولى من الدراسة (المراحل 1، 2 و3) بين طيور المعاملات المختلفة، ولكن وجد في المرحلتين الاخيرتين (4 و5) انخفاض في قيمة وحدة هيو للعلائق (2 ، 5 و6) والمعدل العام لا توجد فروقات معنوية .2 - النسبة المئوية للبقع الدموية واللحمية : ازدادت معنويا في المعاملتين (1 و2) مقارنة بالمعاملات (3، 4، 5، 6 و7) .3 - كولسترول صفار البيض وبلازما الدم : يبين جدول تحليل التباين عدم وجود اي تاثير معنوي لاضافة انزيم البيتا - كلوكانيز او الانبات في محتوى البيض او الدم من الكولسترول وذلك عند المقارنة بالعلائق الحاوية على الشعير غير المعامل غير ان رفع مستوى الشعير في العليقة الى 60% من مكوناتها ادى الى انخفاض معنوي في مستوى الكولسترول للبيض او الدم وذلك مقارنة بالمستوى 30% شعير او 60% ذرة صفراء كمصدر وحيد للحبوب وقد يكون السبب ارتفاع نسبة الالياف في الشعير عند المستوى 60% والمسؤول عن خفض الكلسترول في دم الانسان .4 - لون صفار البيض : لوحظ عدم وجود فروقات معنوية في لون صفار البيض الناتج من طيور المعاملات 1، 2، 3 و4 ، غير ان اللون اصبح فاتحا (حسب قياس تدرج اللون) بشكل معنوي في البيض الناتج من طيور المعاملات (5 ،6 و7) .سابعا : قياسات اجزاء الجهاز الهضميلم تلاحظ فروقات معنوية في وزن الحوصلة النسبي بين طيور المعاملات (1، 2، 3 و4، 5، 6 و7) ولكنها تفوقت معنويا على عليقة السيطرة (1) وذلك يمكن ان يعود السبب الى وجود الشعير في العلائق والذي يحتوي على نسبة الياف عالية تؤدي الى كبر في حجم الحوصلة لكي يساعد على هضم الالياف، ولم يثبت التحليل الاحصائي وجود فروقات معنوية في اجزاء الجهاز الهضمي (وزن المعدة الغدية، والقانصة، والكبد، والبنكرياس، وطول الامعاء الغليظة)، اما بالنسبة لطول الامعاء الدقيقة والاعورين فقد وجدت فروقات معنوية بين المعاملات حين تبين انخفاض معنوي (ا 0.05) لطول الامعاء الدقيقة والاعورين لطيور معاملة السيطرة عليقة (1) وذلك بالمقارنة مع طول هذه الاجزاء في طيور المعاملات الاخرى كافة وايضا يعود طول هذه الاجزاء الى ارتفاع نسبة الالياف مع زيادة نسبة الشعير في العليقة فان هذا يؤدي الى زيادة في طول هذه الاجزاء لكي تساعد على هضم الالياف والاستفادة منها. | This study was conducted in the fields of the College of Veterinary medicine/ Mosul University from 17/5/2005 until 18/10/2005 to study the effect to replacement of the local black barley treated by B - glucanase enzyme or germination instead of yellow corn in laying hens diets , and its effect on the performance and characteristics quality of egg . Two hundred and ten hens (Hubberd breed) were used and were distributed randomly to seven treatment in two replications (15 hens per the replicate) . The experimental treatment consist of the following : 1 - The control diet contained 0% barley, 60%yellow corn.2 - 30% normal untreated black barley + 30% yellow corn.3 - 30% black barley treated with B - glucanase enzyme + 30% yellow corn.4 - 30% germinated black barley + 30% yellow corn.5 - 60% normal untreated black barley.6 - 60% black barley treated with B - glucanaes enzyme.7 - 60% germinated black barley.All the experimental diets were equal in there content of the metabolizable energy and crude protein. During the period of this study concerning the following properties were collected : daily eggs production, egg weight, feed consumption, feed conversion to the eggs and some of the eggs quality traits (Hugh unit, blood and meat spots, color of yolk eggs, cholesterol for eggs yolk and blood plasma).Also some of the measurements of the digestive system parts for laying hens and the total of mortality percent. The results of this study were summarized into the following : 1 : Egg production.During the study of the ten experimental stages the statistical analysis showed the significantly increased (p < 0.05) for the eggs production on the base of H.D in birds which fed on the treated barley with B - glucanase enzyme and germination at the levels of 30% or 60% (diets 3,4,6 and 7) when compared with same level of untreated barley (diets 2 and 5) .The results also indicated that the optimum level for the eggs production was in the second diet (second treatment) when compared with other diets included 79.97, 75.75, 83.08, 83.15, 75.00, 80.64 and 80.62% for the seven diets respectively.2 : egg weight (gm).The results showed that adding B - glucanase enzyme to the laying hens diet which contained 30% local black barley and at the same level of yellow corn (diet 3) produced significantly higher egg weight (67.91gm) during the ten experimental stages when compared with diets containing 60% barley, and also there was no significant differences between the birds feed the third diet when compared to those feed the diet containing 60% yellow corn. 3 : feed consumption (gm/hen/day).The statistical analysis indicated that daily feed intake per bird during the ten stages of experiment period was increased significantly (p<0.05) when the birds feed diet 3 containing 30% treated barley with B - glucanase enzyme or germinated when compared to those feed the diet 2 contained the same level of untreated barley.The results of the feed intake were 121.68, 126.46 and 125.62, gm/bird/day for diets (2,3,4) respectively. However, there was increase in feed consumption but not significantly for birds which fed the barley treated barley with B - glucanase enzyme or germination at 60% of the diet composition (diets 6 and 7) when compared with the diet that contained the same level of untreated barley . On the other hand there was no significant differences in feed consumption between the control diet (first treatment) and the experimental diets (diets 3,4,6 and 7).4 : Feed conversion efficiency. The statistical analysis for this trait during the ten experimental stages indicated that adding a B - glucanase enzyme or germinated barley to the poultry diets led to improve feed conversion at the levels of 30% and 60% black barley when compared with the diets that contained untreated black barley (diets 2 and 5). The optimum feed conversion was in third treatment which contained 30% treated black barley with B - glucanase enzyme and 30% yellow corn which reached 2.32 kg feed /kg eggs produced and had no significant effect in the feed conversion between the third diet than the first diet which contained a yellow corn. 5 : The mortality (%)The statistical analysis for this trait had no significant differences between all experimental treatments during the total period in order to test the percentage of mortality in this experiment. The results for this trait were 3.3, 3.3, 0, 3.3, 0, 0 and 0% respectively.6 : Eggs quality characteristics : - 1 - Hugh unit.The statistical analysis indicated that there were no significant differences in hugh unit values between birds groups which fed on the different diets during the first experimental three stages (1,2 and 3 stages) but there were discrease in hugh unit value during the last two stages (4 and 5 stages) for the 30% untreated black barley, 60% untreated black barley ,60% treated barley with B - glucanase enzyme . the statistical analysis showed no significant differences in hugh unit at general mean between all experimental diets.2 - Blood and meat spots percentage.There were no significant differences in this trait for 2,4,5 experimental stages, but there were a high significant (p<0.05) between the first treatment (60% yellow corn) and the second treatment ( 30% yellow corn, 30% untreated black barley) in the blood and meat spots during 1,2 experimental stages.3 - Cholesterol in yolk eggs and blood plasma.There were no significant effect in the eggs or blood content of cholesterol between diets contained treated barley or germinated barley when compared with the diets that contained untreated black barley . the cholesterol eggs concentrate or blood were decreased signsficantly (p ≤ 0.05) in diet that contained 60% barley when compared with the diet had contained 30% barley or 60% yellow corn as used a cereal source in the poultry diet.4 - Color of eggs yolk.There were no significant differences in the color of eggs yolk from birds, feed on 1, 2, 3 and 4 diets that contained a partial or total yellow corn in the diets. But the color became bright in the eggs (significantly effect) between the hens that fed on the 60% normal barley and those fed on the treated barley by B - glucanase enzyme.7 : Measurements of digestion system parts.The were no significant differences in the crop weight between the diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 (control, 30% normal black barley, 30% treated black barley with B - glucanase enzyme or germinated barley). But there was found a significant effect in this trait between their above diets and the diets 5,6 and 7 which contained 60% black barley. On the other hand there was no significant effect in the proventriculus, gizzard, liver, pancreas weights and length of the large intestine. It was found a significant decreasing a length of small intestine, colon for the birds which fed on 60% yellow corn when compared with the other diets.

Molecular Characterization Of Giardia Lamblia Isolated From Human Stool Specimens In Some Hospitals In Baghdad City

اسم المؤلف: هديل عبد اللطيف مجيد

اسم المشرف: Bedir M. Abass | Ihsan M. Al-Saqur

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

Detection The Genotyping Of Cryptosporidium Parvum Isolated From Human And Calves And Studying In Vivo Effect Of Sacharomyces Boulardii On Parasite

اسم المؤلف: هالة فؤاد قاسم العقابي

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى: