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تاثير احلال نسب مختلفة من مجروش نوى التمر محل الشعير مع او بدون اضافة خميرة الخبز (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) في اداء الحملان العرابية الذكرية == Effect of replacing different ratios of crushed Date Stone instead of barley with or without addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on performance of Arabi Male Lambs
Author name:
كريم حمادي مهنى ابو سلوى
Supervisor name:
محارب عبد الحميد طاهر | عـماد فلاح الجاسم
General topic:
Agricultural sciences
Specific topic:
Zoology
Degree:
Doctorate
University:
University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Basrah
First pages:
31T1850 - p.pdf
Abstract:
This study was conducted in the Animal Farm of the College of Agriculture - University of Basrah. A total of 28 Arabi male lambs were used, with average age of 5 months and mean body weight of 21.74 ± 1.33 Kg. Lambs were distributed equally and randomly into 7 nutrition rations in two experiments. First experiment was a growth experiment which lasted for 90 days. The second was digestion field experiment and lasted for 13 days after the end of the first experiment. The experimental rations were as follows : Ration - 1 - (control) - fed on concentrate ration only by 3% of body weight. Ration - 2 - fed on 90% of the control ration and 10% of ground date stones substituted for the barley.Ration - 3 - lambs fed on the ration 2 with addition of 3 grams of bakery yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) / Kg of feed. Ration - 4 - fed on 80% of the control ration with substitution of 20% of date stones for barley.Ration - 5 - lambs fed on the ration 4 with addition of 3 grams of bakery yeast per Kg of feed.Ration - 6 - fed on 70% of the control ration and 30% of date stones.Ration - 7 - lambs fed on the ration 6 with addition of 3 grams of bakery yeast per Kg of feed.Results were as follows : 1 - Mean final body weight (34.00 Kg) except Control ration, total gain weight (12.75 Kg) except the control and 2 rations and daily gain weight (141.67 g/ day) of lambs in ration 3 were significantly higher than animals in other rations.2 - Animals of ration 3 recorded the highest feed consumption arithmetically (0.829 Kg/ day/ lamb) and the best feed conversion ratio arithmetically too (5.85 Kg dry matter/ Kg body weight gain).3 - Substitution of date stones with addition of bakery yeast affected digestion coefficients of feed nutrients. Ration 3 was superior in digestion coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and nitrogen free extract to other rations. These values were 70.64, 72.11 and 80.64 %.4 - Results showed significant differences between means of pH of rumen fluid and total bacterial count which Significant decreases in each of 6 and 7 rations than other rations while in the counts of cellulolytic digestion bacteria, ration 3 were significantly than animals in other rations but not differ significantly from that of the ration 5 while it was similar with control ration. 5 - No significant differences between rations were noticed in means of red blood corpuscles, white blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, cholesterol concentration, glucose concentration and concentration of the enzymes GPT and GOT. While differences between means of blood urea concentration and total protein of blood were significant.6 - Mean empty body weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage on the basis of live weight and empty body weight of lambs in ration 3 28.02 Kg, 16.18 Kg, 47.59% and 57.74% respectively were significantly higher than that of animals in other rations except control ration in hot carcass weight.7 - The highest weights of rib cut (rib 7 - 12), leg cut and loin cut were for animals in ration 3 (1.61, 5.00 and 2.40 Kg respectively) than other rations but in the loin cut, the ration 3 was similar to the control ration 2.16 Kg.8 - For body measurements, the highest leg circumference were recorded for animals in rations 2 and 3 (35.00 and 36.50 cm respectively) than other rations but these rations were similar to the control ration. While the highest rib eye muscle area was for carcasses of animals in ration 3 (14.41 cm2) but this value did not differ significantly from that of the control animals (13.45 cm2).9 - In the case of some carcass muscle weights, the muscle Supraspinatus weight were higher in the animals of the ration 3 (176.67 g) but it was similar to control ration (164.25 g). Weight of the muscle Biceps femoris was higher in the carcasses of animals in ration 3 (625.75 g).10 - Carcasses of animals in ration 3 recorded the highest dissected lean meat 931.70 g and fat 280.55 g in rib cut, but no significant differences were registered for dissected bone weight among the different rations. Also weights of the internal organs of the animals namely : liver, heart, kidneys, lungs, spleen and the testicles for animals in ration 3 were higher than that of other rations.11 - Mean weights of separated fat of carcasses were higher for animals of the 2 and 3 rations (1.93 and 1.95 Kg respectively) in comparison with animals of other rations but these rations were similar to the control ration 2.08 Kg.12 - Substitution of date stones in percentages of 10% and 20%, with the addition of bakery yeast caused significant improvement in organoleptic characteristics (color, tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability). Evaluation of samples of rations 3 and 5 were superior to that of other rations.13 - Rations 3 and 5 gave the best results for water holding capacity in meat. No significant differences were obtained in cholesterol concentration and pH of meat.Results showed that the lowest values of cooking loss were in ration 3 (43.30 %).No significant differences were observed in chemical composition of theLongissimus dorsi muscle (moisture, protein, fat and ash) between rations.
