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التماسك النصي في السور السبع الطوال == Cohesion In The Seven Long Chapters Of Quran

اسم المؤلف: خليل عبد المعطي عثمان
اسم المشرف: صيوان خضير خلف المياحي | سالم يعقوب يوسف
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم اللغة العربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In Iinguistics , a new branch has recentIy emerged , i.e. ' Text Linguistics ' which gives fuII consideration to texts and the way in which these texts hang together as cohesive texts , performing various purposes in different ways. As such , the topic of text Iinguistics in generaI and grammaticaI cohesino in particuIar has become an area of interest of many Iinguists. One of the many reasons for seIecting this topic is to obtain more KnowIedge in this area , i.e. ' grammaticaI cohesion ' aIong with its different schooIs of thought , hoping to appIy it to Quranic texts in an attempt to anaIyze it textuaIIy. The significance of this study Iies in : 1)studying Quranic texts by adopting a text Iinguistics - based approach focusing on cohesion in generaI and grammaticaI cohesion in particuIar. 2) utiIizing both modern Iinguistic terminoIogy and traditionaI terminoIogy.3) focusing on ' cohesion ' as an approach to studying and anaIyzing the seven Iong chapters of Quran as sampIe of the study. The study fuIIs in to five chapters ( two chapters deaI with the defining matters and the theoreticaI part of the study and three chapters deaI with the practicaI part of the study )preceded by an introduction and foIIowed by concIusions and Iist of references. In the introduction , issues such as the reasons behind seIecting the topic , its significance and methodoIogy adopted are introduced. Chapter one, for its part , deaIs with the text and its grammar , and the difference between the sentence grammar and text grammar. Chapter two titIed ' Text Iinguistics and Cohesion ' focuses on the different opinions proposed by various schoIars ( be they oId or modern ) , cohesion and its types as weII as the schoIars ' views on cohesion and its importance in discourse anaIysis. WhiIe chapters three deaIs with grammaticaI cohesion ,such as reference , eIIipsis, substitution and conjunction and chapter four focuses on IexicaI cohesion , such as reiteration , coIIocation and its types , chapter five , for its part , deaIs with the infIuence of context.text recipient and occasion on text cohesion. Chapter six , for its part, speIIs out the main concIusions that the researcher has drawn : 1)AIthough it is not easy to define what " text" exactIy mean, any text shouId be cohesive.2) Cohesion is the main eIement in anaIyzing any text and thus distinguishing a text from just a group of Iinguistic eIements.3) Some schoIars , such as HaIIiday and Hasan did not mention 'reIative pronouns ' as cohesive devices , but the researcher and some other schoIars have identify them as cohesive devices.4) There is no harm to use modern Iinguistic ideas to study Quarnic texts as Iong as there is no contradiction them and our reIigion

المرجعيات الثقافية في شعر اديب كمال الدين == Cultural References In Adeep Kamaladeen'S Poetry

اسم المؤلف: ياس عوض رشيد البصري
اسم المشرف: علي مجيد داود البديري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The cultural references in the poetry of the Iraqi poet "Adeeb Kamaladeen" has formed a significant presence through their abundant frequency. Such references are various in their frequency and difficult in their source. Some of them have had obvious presence while the others are less frequent in his poetic texts. The diversity of cultural references have made the research consisted of four chapters based on six references, Quranic reference is one of them that featured by the most prominent presence in the experience of "Kamaladeen". Such experience has varied in its role into two kinds. One of them has inspired its presence from Quranic story, while the other has derived it from Quranic verse. The second reference is the mystic one, by which the poet has derived the mystic heritage from mystic conditions and stages. He has also employed the prominent figures, such as "Annefery, Alhallaj, and Altawheedi" in his poetry. Whereas the other references are historic and mythological ones which have been included in one chapter, because they are less frequent than the previous two references. Regarding the historic reference, the poet has manipulated "Karbala incident" and "Imam Hussain", who is the the most important person in that incident, Iraq¬¬ - Iran war in 1980 and other wars, which followed. In connection with the mythological reference, the poet has employed several myths, one of them is "Gilgamish myth" which has formed a striking presence in "Kamaladeen's poetry" In addition, the poet has used the artistic and literary reference, that has been combined in one chapter, through which the poet has employed the most famous Iraqi and Arabic singers. He has also used Iraqi and Arabic poets and novelists, as well as foreigners through the literary reference. Hence, all these references have signified variety of the poet's education and his continuous acquaintance with multiculturalism that has consequently served his poetic experience.

حداثة ابي تمام في ضوء النقد العربي القديم حتى نهاية القرن السابع الهجري == Abu Tammam'S Modernism From The Perpective Of Classical Arabic Criticism Till The End Of The Seventh Hijri Century

اسم المؤلف: رنين ناظم يوسف
اسم المشرف: مسلم حسب حسين
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This research studies modernism of Abu Tammam on the basis of the theory of classical Arabic criticism which consisted of rules and conditions put by the Arab critics and applied by the poets to make their poetry eloquent and solid with clear and vivid meanings.But Abu Tammam was keen to deviate from all these rules and principles in his poetry. Al - Amidi considered him as a rebel against the common foot of poetry because he played on words in his poems and became fond of rhetorics and figures of speech which he used extremely. Consequently,his poetry was corrupted by the heavy use of antithesis and paronomasia. Thus, he became the target of a strong movement of criticism that represented the conflict between the old and the new.Classical Arabic poetry was a summary of the experiences of the old poets. It directly expressed the social, cultural and intellectual aspects of their life. It was characterized by features of clarity of expression, agility and simplicity of language because it was natural and not superfacial. That was the case in the Arab poetry during the pre - Islamic time, beginning of lslam and the Ummaid era in addition to the majority of the poetry of the Abbasid era during which the way of living of the Arabs changed from nomadism to urbanism. Thus, there appeared a type of new Arab poets who had special knowledge and high education like Bashar Bin Burd, Muslim Bin Al - waleed and the most prominent of them was Abu Tammam.Modernism of Abu Tammam went far beyond the familiar in his illogical and unreasonable similies and metaphors. There was no appropriateness in his metaphor and no approximation in his similies. Besides, he played on words and used too much antithsis and paronomasia. He was good in some of them but not so in the others. That caused the Arab critics to attack him and refused his poetry which they said it deviated from the common foot of the Arabic poetry that was defined by Al - Marzooqi to have seven categories. any studies of criticism were conducted about Abu Tammam and his poetic school. This study is made up of an introduction,three chapters and conclusions. Chapters one and two consist of three sections each. Chapter three contains two sections.The introduction highlights modernism of poetry as viewed by the classical Arabic criticism both literally and as a term. It also reviews the concept of modernism since its appearance till the time of Abu Tammam. Chapter one is interested in the questions of imitation and nnovationin that Arabic criticism. Section one of the chapter shows the attitude of the linguists and narrators of the modern poetry, the position of khalef AL - Ahmar and his experience in criticism and the position of the critics of the classical poetry which they considered as the highest model that Arab poets should imitate and create in their poetry as a product of the individual liking. Section two is devoted to discuss modernism in relation to the theory of the foot of poetry that was represented in the seven categories as introduced by ALMarzooqi in the introduction of his book Commentary on Diwan of Ardor of Abu Tammam. The section also explains the principles of the poetic imagery in similie and metaphor and the role of poetic imagination to bring about new images and novel meanings that reflect beauty and psychological effect.Section one of chapter two discusses modernism in the poetry of Abu Tammam and the rules of the poetic language in the theory of Arabic criticism. The section also shows what was accepted and what was not in his language. The section shows how Abu Tammam, very heavily, used the rhetorical patterns especially antithesis and paronomasia where he was unsuccessful in some of them and good in others. Section three tackles the poetic meaning and the logical and mental characteristics that should be available in these meanings to be correct so that the poetry be undertood. This was agreed upon by the old Arab critics such as Qudama Bin Jaafar, Abi Helal Al - Askari, Abd Al - Qadir Al - Jirjani, Hazim Al - Qirtajinni and others. The section includes description of the meanings and their relation to the levels of description as far as exaggeration and excessiveness are concerned in that Qudama Bin Jaafar considered excessiveness as the best of the two schools of description.Finally, the section discusses ambiguity and complexity as products of corrupted poetic composition. Chapter three deals with modernism in the rhetorical image, modernism and the changes modern poets add to poetry in this concern. Modern poets paid more attertion to the form rather than to the meaning in their poetry. That led to the appearance of a new poem with specific features particulavly concerning the rhetorical image that depended on similie and metaphor. The poets started using these styles in new ways that were unfamiliar to the Arabic liking and taste. The first section of this chapter deals with similie and description and the rules put by the Arab critics to achieve approximation between the two sides of the similie; otherwise the similie would be exotic and not allowed. It was conditioned that the description contained most of the cases being described. The section mentions some samples of the similie and description in the traditional poem which the critics considered as better in comparison to the modern similies and description that deviated from the artistic critera and the common poetic taste. Section two talked about the metaphor and its definition by the Arab critics and availability of the conditions of approximation between the metaphoric expression and what it stood for. However, modern poets, particulary Abu Tammam, did not adhere to these conditions. Thus, Some of their metaphors were controversial. The conclusion presents the results of the study; the most important of which are that the classical Arab critics had a theory of criticism reflected in the opinins they stated in their books and set by Al - Marzooqi in the 5 Hijri century in a systematic approach that was finally shaped in what was later known as the foot of poetry that included seven categories and each of these categories represented a critical measurement of a certain question in poetry.

اسرار التعبير القراني في تفسير تسنيم للعلامة الشيخ عبد الله الجوادي الاملي دام ظله

اسم المؤلف: ميثم عزيز جبر
اسم المشرف: احمد رسن صحن
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study starts with a preface discussing four points : AlAamily translation, the reason behind calling his book (Tasneem), and his method in Tafsir, the meaning of Secrets according to Al - Aamily, and the meaning of expressions in linguistics and terminology. In the first chapter (the secrets of words in Koran) the researcher discussed the linguistic meaning of the word in three sections : firstly the reason behind choosing a word in particular, secondly the secret of morphological form, thirdly the secret of definiteness and indefiniteness. The second chapter (the secrets of sentence in Koran) studies the meanings of the sentence and it is of two section : the first one is the secret of declarative sentence and its processes as deletion, backward and forward, and restriction. The second section is the secrets of the construction of the sentence as the imperative, negative, interrogative, and proclamation sentences. The third chapter (the secrets of the text and Koran) discusses the meanings and linguistic structures and rhetorical themes in more than a phrase as being intervented and the text title. It is of three sections : the first one is the secret of apostrophe. The second is about conjunction and disjunction. The third is about the secret of agreement in which the researcher mentioned the meanings of agreement and holy Koran. It is of three sections : agreement among Ayat in one Surah, agreement of the title of the Surah with its contents, and the agreement of the beginning and the end of Surah. Research methodology : The researcher’s method in this study is choosing the subject followed by a general overview about it. Then mentioning the most important samples mentioned by A - Aamily in the title and discussing each one respectively after viewing the opinions of the interpreters. After that the study shows the opinion of AlAamily to see what is the new addition. Results : The researcher has ended with recognizing the meaning of the secret according to Al - Aamily in linguistics and the reason behind it. Also the researcher detected the secrets of the word, sentence, and the text and what purposes and meanings they have and connecting all these things with external facts because the interpreter sees that all of these recording words of Koran express universal facts in existence because it is an inspiration from the Almighty Allah. The researcher also tried to expose several rhetorical themes such as clarifying forms of the text like apostrophe, conjunction, and agreement among Ayat by applying the modern textual norms of sentential multiplicity, cohesion and coherence. Then identifying the notion of text and modern linguistics and applying it to rhetorical Arabic heritage.

افعال الحركة للطبيعة في التعبير القراني == Verbs Of Movement For Natural In Qurans Expression

اسم المؤلف: عبد الحي عبد النبي زيبك العبادي
اسم المشرف: فاخر هاشم سعد الياسري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم اللغة العربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Praise be to Allah, Bari creatures wholes, and Mustafa Muhammad, may Allah bless him and his family, and Adam between water and mud, and prayers and peace be upon him and his family a granite blessed, and his companions Almentajabin.After : throughout the ages was a field ground for study and a field plenty of Tnkir in its goals, thanks to its cognitive and aesthetic depth, starting with his own language, which disable all?Koran the book of God immortal, and search of the noblest blessings that can fade researcher and adds to the old his years ago because the word of Allah a statement, and his style flowing senses static move in every place and time, and imagination semantic in the words of the Koran, including an astounding bright minds, with great likeness and beautifully woven and depth of sense, and which of the miracles and the statement allows multiple study which can be added to other Quranic Studies.Among the most prominent reasons that stood behind the choice of subject, because of the reaction of two characteristic distinguish it from is from the words, the two time event, in addition to the importance of the verb in the language, making it the centerpiece of significance, his work in the compositions Whatever his rank, moreover how it connotations sensory and moral , field of study was in the vicinity of the actions of the movement, which radiate out the implications of the central acts and grow in the context of the features of aesthetic and suggestive.Came this study feed into a tributary of the Quranic joists dealing with words, has been classified researcher study into three chapters, the first chapter singled study (the actions of the movement related to living with nature), has been ranked on five sections, according to the living creatures that have been associated with the movement acts, animals and birds, and fish, insects, reptiles, and certainly human does not enter into these categories, as well as the plant.The second chapter under the title (the actions of the movement of nature are silent), has been ranked on five Investigation Also, four of which are classified according to the elements it includes the perceived universe of heaven earth, sun, and the moon, and the fifth section was under other acts title included elements shooting stars and mountains , natural phenomena associated with the elements of Silent nature like a deluge and wind.The third chapter titled (artistic expression of some acts of nature movement in the Koran), this chapter enrolled, according to totals dictated by movement acts related to nature, live and silent and in both, and these acts studied dependent manner artistic taste in the actions of the movement and characteristics expressive in Quranic context links analysis and came five sections, too, and the study followed the conclusion of the most important findings of the researcher, and then followed by a proven sources and references

وسائل الاقناع في كتاب منة المنان في الدفاع عن القران للسيد محمد محمد صادق الصدر == Persuasion Means In Minat Al - Minan Book For Defending Al - Quran

اسم المؤلف: فرقد جاسم محينة
اسم المشرف: فالح حمد احمد الحمداني
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم اللغة العربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Definitely the persuasion is a theory which has been taken deep roots in the western tradition, as Aristotle had written his famous book (Eloquence art) unveiling in it the most distinguished means of persuasion in the persuasion theory such as the eloquent morals (ITOS), and(BATOS), the receiver emotions and (logos) the arguments and evidences. In the Arab tradition, the persuasion theory is appeared clearly and openly, in the rhetoric with Hazim al - Qurtajni as he intermixed between what is poetic (imaginable) and what eloquence (persuadable) according to the varieties in the rates between them, pursuant to the eloquence nature and its purpose. During the twentieth century some western studies has focused light upon this theory. The most important studies of are the book titled (fresh eloquence) which has been written by (Chaim Perelman) with (Olbricht Tetka) as Chaim has given life to the persuasion theory in eloquence in his book, bringing a persuasive function to the rhetoric, plus the aesthetic function.Under the light of what has been mentioned of the summary clarification on the persuasion theory, our study to the book (Minat al - Minan) has been given within the framework of this theory, due to the presenting of the persuasion theory clearly in the book purpose. Therefore, this study has been written in three chapters preceded with introduction and followed by an ending. in the introduction the persuasion concept I have researched the language and the term and the persuasion activity components in its practical dimension and the persuasion rooting in the western and Arab traditions.This study has three chapters; in the first chapter I have researched about the persuasive nature in Minat al - Minan book. In the first research I have studied the initial dimension for the persuasion through its features which have been formed of such as (title suggestive, introduction revelation, withdrawal method). Therefore, its features have been shaped as defined as persuaded means driven for attracting the receiver and push him argumentatively for entering inside the text subject. In the first research, also, I have studied the conversational dimension as defined ad persuasive way, presented the persuasive mode which has been committed by Sayyid al - Sader (God may sanctify his soul) and continued in his book. In the second research I have studied the persuasive method (passages of the persuasion operation) which has been clarified how the persuasion operation may become in the Minat al - Minan book)In the second chapter, I have studied the persuasion communicated means, in the first research I have been researched the continuation in the persuasive eloquence, focusing under its light the speech variety method and the speech conversation and the speech arrangement and the psychology impact in the speech as defined as the most distinguished persuasive means of al - Sader. In the second research I have research the persuasive communication with the receiver. As these levels which are personified with the receiver by the direct model and upon the receiver of the undirected model and the special (assuming) receiver and the (mind) imaginable receiver. In the third chapter, I have studied, the most important language and mind means for the persuasion. I have studied in the research of the language way in argumentatively style and the test effect, and the eloquence in the rhetoric. And I have researched in the mind means of persuasion in the induction conclusion, and the persuasive in the standard conclusion, finally I have ended up the research in the finale, including the most important results which I have researched.In this study the research I have depended on analytic descriptive method done terms as defined as the argument way enlighten in the book (Minat al - Minan) for defending the Quran, then analysing it according to the persuasive dimension in it.

الحكم العطائية لابن عطاء السكندري (ت709هـ) : دراسة اسلوبية == Al - Hakame Al - Attaiah To The Son Of Ataa Alscandary (D. 709 AH) : Stylistic Study

اسم المؤلف: علي عبد الحسن جاسم ال جليهم
اسم المشرف: خالد نعيم الشناوي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Sufi literature is still tender fecund for study and research, because of its aesthetic attributes and expressed for the cognitive values, was (Al - hakame Al - Attaiah) by Ibn Ataa Allah Alscandary texts the value that was quite popular among the commentators, but it has not received from researchers proper attention, and described these texts as a brief and intense significance of the rule,described strongly foundries and beauty method, and the number is ( 264 ) text , so we chose the stylistic study to enter into their world of knowledge and aesthetic.The stylistic one of extrovert studies, which made its way in a statement properties up. The stylistic set of performance measures that practiced modalities structures linguistic statement relationship analysis and detection of functional and aesthetic characteristic values of the text itself, and it revealed the modalities of speech and description it includes aspects aesthetic, so it was the text of the son of a tender of Alexandria, the focus of the study, as the study came across three chapters, the first we dealt with the vocal stylistics in sections three, the first of the stylistic impressionism, and the second stylistic expressive, to be the end of the chapter by vocal suggestive, where he emerged as sound as an influential element in giving the impressionist aesthetic dimension effect actor in a dynamic text with the time, was the interlocking Semantic present at all levels.The second chapter titled ( stylistic Almorvo synthetic) , divided into four sections , we discussed in the first of the major structures , consisting of the text, and came detective others to look at ( the accumulation junctional parallel , formats nominal and actual sentence, and then formats the methods), respectively , has emerged as a standard text as a selection of suits and cognitive capabilities so as to create the recipient to retrieve assets and roots that provided the text of cognitive his visions , and had the thrill element prominent role in creating the necessary excitement in most word.The last chapter titled ( stylistic textural and contextual ) in two sections , the first of the stylistic formative brought together several themes : ( stylistic title, axis words , stylistic pilgrims and reasoning , brevity , partitioning , text unit) while we checked stylistic contextual in subjects ( simile , metaphor , metonymy , intertextuality , irony ).The study concluded that the most prominent stylistic features in Ibn Ataa text lies in weaving standard formats intense significance interconnected knowledge , taking to each other , it has emerged as vocal stylistics , including added aesthetic aspects that will improve the text, giving dimension impressionist great importance in most word.The isomorphism derived from the similarity and contrast linguistic structures an actor and a distinctive to the Ibn Atta text , as prevailed most of the texts balance, and attended other features indicate the stylistic creative and Albasimologih foundations from which , as evidenced by his choice of title or his penchant for pilgrims and reasoning and other.

الفصــول والغايات لابـي العلاء المعــري : دراسـة اسلوبيـة

اسم المؤلف: سعد عزيز القطراني
اسم المشرف: عبد الواحد زيارة اسكندر المنصوري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

التمثيل السردي في روايات عالية ممدوح == The Narrative Representation In Alia Mamdouh’S Novels

اسم المؤلف: امجد محمد رضا عودة
اسم المشرف: عقيل عبد الحسين خلف
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The first chapter explored how actions are represented in Alia Mamdouh’s novels and consists of three sections. The first section examined transferring of real action (non - fiction) into words by containing real dates and events. The second sections explored biographies which is an account of someone’s life. The third section explores fiction which is nonrealistic events and actions.The second chapter investigates description. This chapter is divided into three sections. The first section studies description of reality. It focuses on the external (physical) description of people and places. The second section looks at character (person) description. The final section explores the description of imaginary characters and events which do not exist in the real world. The third chapter focuses on focalization. The first section of this chapter is internal focalization which is based the narrator. While the second section discuses external focalization which is divided into Palpable and abstract.This thesis is accompanied with a conclusion that summarizes the results of the research. As well as, an appendix which gives an introduction of the novelist (Alia Mamdouh) including her biography and major works that are used in this thesis. It also contains a table listing all the actions, description and focalization within these works. The narrative representation in its different shapes, forms, and patterns is widely present in people’s lives. Thus, it is open to the different requirements of writing and rhetoric through which thoughts and beliefs are conveyed to the reader. It highlights the diverse concepts which shape the way a narrative is written. One of the most prominent concepts that is taken into consideration is The Narrative Representation and how to embody it in novels. Since it is contains the problem, similarity, visualization, conversation, impersonation and embodiment of what is present in the human mind into a narrative format. In other words, how to transform what can be imagined into live words in the form of narrative. This thesis will discuss the narrative in Alia Mamdouh’s novels and is divided into an introduction, three different chapters and an appendix. Each of the first and second chapter contains three sections while the third chapter contains two only. The introduction discusses what representation is in terms of definition and its different concepts. Then it moves on to reveal its origin starting with Plato then Aristotle and ending with the Arab philosophers such as Ibn Rushd, Ibn Sina and al - Farabi. Representation is then discussed by the view of scholars of Arab Rhetoric such as al - Jurani, Al - sakkaki and Hazim Al - Qartajanni. Then it is investigated in the Orientalism study. There is a discussion of the relationship between representation and narrative and finally the development of the narrative representation.

محمود الظاهر : دراسة في فنه القصصي == Mahmood Al - Dhahir : A Study Of His Fiction

اسم المؤلف: ياسمين كريم عبد الرضا
اسم المشرف: جبار عودة بدن الشحماني
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم اللغة العربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study deals with narration and the elements of narration in Mahmood AL - Dhahir's stories. This work falls into a preliminary, three chapters and a conclusion following the analytical procedure. Chapter one, which is entitled "Narration and the Structure of Events in Al Dhahir's Stories", starts with a theoretical introduction explaining the importance of narration and events in the story and the between them. It consists of two sections. Section one is about narration divided into patterns such as objective, subjective and interrelated. The second one is devoted to ways narration such as description and dialogue. Section three is mainly about the patterns of structuring the events such as sequences, overlapping, cycling, composing, reiteration,, and paralleling. Chapter two is entitled "Characters in Al Dhahir's Stories". It starts with an introduction showing the importance of the characters. It includes two sections. The first one is about introducing the characters (telling and showing). Section two is about character types according to traits. Chapter three is entitled " Narrative Space in Al Dhahir's Fiction". It also starts with an introduction and two sections. Section one shows time and its levels (order, duration, and frequency). Section two is devoted to the explanation of place and its relations with the characters, situations, events falls into types such realistic, imaginary, main vs. secondary. The conclusion comes finally to show the most important results.

المحسنات المعنوية في ادعية الصحيفة السجادية == Embellishments In The Prayers Of Alsahifah Alsajjadiyah

اسم المؤلف: اسعد جساب مغامس محيي
اسم المشرف: مرتضى عباس فالح السلمي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم اللغة العربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Undoubtedly, the texts of Alsahifah Alsajjadiyah belong to the creative texts whose features are very distinguished. They need to be discovered and stand at, researchers have raced to gain the honor of researching their structures and discovering the secrets of their rhetoric. This study (Figures of Speech in the Prayers of Alsahifah Alsajjadiyah) was a trial to gain this great honor. The study is interested in the semantics of the figures of speech in Alsahifah Alsajjadiyah by Imam Ali Bin AlHussein (Peace be upon him). This depended on the activity of the semantics of the figures of speech in the structures of its texts. Good employment of the figures of speech and the Imam's knowledge of the value of the creativity in literary texts enhanced the vitality of the figures of speech. I believe that he tried to uncover the latent expressive power of these arts that help contribute in enhancing the texts, showing their references, and highlighting their artistic features. The study consists of three chapters preceded by an introduction and a prelude and followed by the conclusion, which summed up the topic and the results, and the list of references. The prelude includes a theoretical preface about the concepts, emergence, and function. It deals with the importance of Alsahifah Alsajjadiyah and its rhetoric, a summary about the emergence of rhetoric, its development stages and its function. Chapter one deals with the (Arts of Harmony) in four sections : (antithesis, analogy, congeries), it is followed by an appendix that tackles (arts of fusion). Chapter two is about (arts of delusion). It contains three sections : (pun, feigning ignorance by the learned, resemblance). It is followed by the art of (abstraction, praising in blame like style, good justification). Chapter three deals with the arts of elaboration and summarization. It includes three sections (epanodos, plurality and division). I added an appendix that deals with the art of (Combining and differentiating, Combining with differentiation and division). I looked at each section from two perspectives : the theoretical perspective and the practical one. Then I draw the conclusion which is the gist of the topic and the results of the study.The most important thing that the study reached at is that the arts of embellishments gain an extra importance for studying them in such creative texts, because their being well employed in the texts gave them a vitality that greatly impacted the text, which met the requirements of coherence and continuity and harmony. The study has also hinted that the use of these embellishments in the text of Alsahifah Alsajjadiyah cannot be considered as rhetorical embellishments only that complete the references, but the Imam had employed them to structure his texts as an expressive and vital tool which has a great impact on the two levels of rhetoric and semantics

التداخل المنهجي في طرائق تحليل النص الشعري - السيميائية انموذجا == Curricular Interference In Poetic Text Analysis Modalities - Semiotics As A Model

اسم المؤلف: سراج محمد يعقوب
اسم المشرف: حسين عبود حميد الهلالي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم اللغة العربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study entitled “Curricular Interference in Poetic Text Analysis Modalities - Semiotics as a model” examines one of the most controversial and problematic contemporary criticism curricula amongst modern criticism studies. Semiotics at its theoretical form is an old existing science which was emerged from the womb of knowledge theory; hence it contributed to philosophy, logic, mathematics, human and social sciences. Its critical importance lies by the fact that it stands at the border between human and social sciences; as well as its integration of the direction that accredited linguistic aspect (linguistics) and the direction of philosophical aspect that accredited the new phenomenology. The value of this critical study rises as it monitors the shifts of knowledge and intellect arguments of this approach, their transfer into the field of applied methodology, the way Arabic critical studies dealt with such shifts, the nature of receiving such mechanisms by Arab critics, and the methods of applying and representing them in Arabic poetic texts. This thesis is composed of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter - made of two sections - deals with the intellectual and philosophical fundamentals of semiotics, and examines their origins and approaches as presented by semiotics pioneers; American Philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce and Swiss Linguist Ferdinand de Saussure. In the first section of the chapter, we focus on the image of semiotics in ancient Greek philosophy, as well as different other philosophies followed. In addition, we examine deeply the way Arab and western critics had dealt with the nature of that image. In the second section of the first chapter, we review in details the hypotheses of Peirce’s and Saussure’s theories analyzing their philosophical and intellectual arguments; as well as explaining relevant attitudes of Arab and western critics.The first section of the second chapter examines semiotics in terms of its developed theoretical boundaries and its applied methodological image. Also, we detail the period that followed the foundation stage, and account for modern semiotics approaches that we present by the approaches of semantics, communication and culture. Then we scope the light on literature semiotics as being the theoretical and applied image of general semiotics. In the second section of this chapter, we review the mechanisms of applied semiotics, the ways of Arab and western critics’ interaction with that mechanisms, how they were put into application, and the reasons that lead to curricular interference amongst applied models. As for the third chapter, it deals with Arabic applied models as we examine the phenomenon of curricular interference within those models following the criticism - of - criticism mechanism. In conclusion, the study was culminated with a series of findings reached through our research

الدراسات الاسلوبية وتطبيقاتها في النص القراني في رسائل الجامعات العراقية واطاريحها حتى عام 2014 م : دراسة نقدية == The Applicatians Of Stylistic Studies On The Quranic Text In Iraqi University Theses And Dissertations Till 2014 A.D : A Critical Analytical Study

اسم المؤلف: وسام جمعة لفتة المالكي
اسم المشرف: سامي علي جبار المنصوري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم اللغة العربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The aim of the study was to trace the academic stndies in Iraqi universities which had dealt with ( the stylistic method ) in analying and studying the Quranic text Showing at the same time , the significance of the stjlistic method in studying the text an being are of the novelty methods that associated language with literaturc, and showed the mechanisms and horizons of the textual research The stylistic method differs from other method in that it seeks at touching wpon multiple apects like , the special use of language the individual use each writer seeks to adopt,i.e.lis awn special stjleiin addition t.the aes theics that accompanies special use. The study takes on the critical analytical method that depends an the demonstration and crical analysis, beginning from the method local developments that the wuiversity schlars have claimed to use and made use of out of the study of tee Quranic discourse. Accor dingly.we have come acrass the basic visions of the stytistic method , then the mechanisms it depends upon , and how successful it is in applying these mechanisms. The methodology of schars has compelled us to divide the study in to three chaptere; these are the stylistics of theacoustic level, the tylics of the syntactic level , and the stylistics of the semantic level. Chapter One deals with the acoustic phenomena dealt by researchers and their studies , the are the a coutic syllable the stylistics of repetition the stylistics of the Qurani'c intonation Chpter Two tackies the sgntactic level whicl includes the morphological and grammatical levels and also tackles the following topics the stylistics of the morphlogicl level the stylistics of sentence structure and the stylistics of the structural phenomena phraseologg like : predication and style. Chpter Three which entiled The stylisitics of the semantic level involves three titles these are : the individualistic connatalion the contextual meaning and the descriptive meaning

الاثر الدلالي للحذف في القصص القراني : دراسة في الجملة == Meaning Of Deletion In The Quranic Stories : The A Study In The Sentence

اسم المؤلف: سكينة باقر حسون
اسم المشرف: عبد الجبار عبد الامير هاني
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Holy Quran has different methods to attract and convince people towards religion. Telling stories is one of these methods. Stories in the Holy Quran are used to serve the basic human task which is leading people to belief by the styles of looking at the previous nations and learning lessons from their positions towards their prophets. Besides, Mohammad, as the last sent messenger,made use of reference to those stories about the previous prophets and how they patiently stood agains the unbelievers and resisted difficulties to accomplish their missions.Introducing the stories in the texts of the Holy Quran suits the intention behind employing those stories. Linguistically, Quranic stories are not isolated by themselves or separated from the main linguistic structure of the Holy Quran; but they are placed in a very highly rhetorical artistic style with in the miracleous Quranic context. Moreover, the linguistic and rhetorical phenomena and styles used in the Quranic text also make use of the stories. Deletion is one of the styles that syntasts consider as linguistic phenomena whereas rhetoricians consider it as a kind of abbreviation that characterizes the linguistic structure of Arabic. The Holy Quran uses deletion in a rhetorical way fall of indications to convey the meanings and intentions targeted in the text.The purpose and the idea behind deletion in the Holy Quran is in harmony With the linguistic and artistic build up of the story.The approach adopted in this study is the syntactic rhetorical one. Chapter One is devoted to study deletion in the predicate of the sentence and whar is more than the predicate like the object. Chapter two is about deletion of the independent clause and the syndesis sentence in the Suras in addition to deletion in syndesis and conditional sentences. Chapter three studies deletion of many sentences and this move from syntax to the area of rhetorics to achieve the artistic brevity in the story.After full study of the intentions and pragmatics of the story texts in the Holy Quran and identifying places of deletion by the descriptive inductive method and discussing opinions of the syntasts, the interpreters and the commentators and preferring the opinion that agrees with the text of the Quranic story, the researcher concludes that the linguistic structure of the Quranic stories has achieved the rhetorical, semantic and aesthetic purposes That benefit these stories to achieve their purpose of serving the religious objective.

اسلوب الحذف والتقديم والتاخير والاعراب في سورة النمل : دراسة نحوية == Omission, Inversion And Syntaxes Style In Al - Namil Qur'an Verses A Grammatical Study

اسم المؤلف: هيثم عبد الزهرة رباط المنصوري
اسم المشرف: عبد الحسين المبارك
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: According to the importance of language in general and the grammar in particular in solving the problems of the structure and the clarification of its meaning , I have made up my mind to give my research the " omission, Inversion and syntaxes styles in Al - naml Qur'an verses ( A grammatical study") , getting the advantage of the elements of this Indication in understanding the Quranic verses and discovering their Indications. The research consists of : The introduction , the preface , three chapters and conclusion. In the introduction I defined AI - Naml Quranic Chapters as a noun , an order , a virtue , a content and then as a grammatical indication through the clarification of its meaning Linguistically and terminologically , and determining its importance in the interpretation of the holy Quran.In terms of the three chapters , they are presented as follows.Chapter 1 : In this chapter 1 discussed the phenomenon of deletion 1 and clarified its meaning , its importance , its features , and the efforts of the grammarians in studying it , in addition to its relation with metaphor , preciseness , its purposes , its divisions , its conditions , and its applications in AI - Naml Quranic Chapter.Chapter 2 : I allocated this chapter to show the reversion , so I mentioned its definition and the influence of the word position on it in addition to the argument among the grammarians in some of its kinds. I also showed its types , purposes and its existence in AI - Naml Quranic Chapter.Chapter 3 : I used this chapter to explain the difference in syntax and its influence on the verity of the interpretational meanings and the importance of the syntactic marks and the difference in this importance. Then I showed its divisions, its reasons and its applications.The Conclusion : In the conclusion I clarified the results the I obtained from this research

البناء الفني في رسائل ابن ابي الخصال الاندلسي ت540 ه == Construction In Letters Of Ibn Abi Al - Khissal 540 AH

اسم المؤلف: ايمان ناصر حسن احمد المسفر
اسم المشرف: خالد لفتة باقر
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study seeks to monitor a distinguished aspect of Ibn Abi Al - Khissal's literature represented by his prose letters, which have reflected his value and position among other writers at that era. It was taken into consideration letters of Ibn Abi Kissal collected and checked by Dr. Muhammad Ridhwan Al - Dayya, as well as some letters that were attributed to the writer, and found in the body of references and bibliographies. The importance of the topic comes from the fact that Andalusian literature was and still is a rich field of review and study. It was found in the letters of Ibn Abi Kissal what made the Andalusian prose be enlightened, and disclosed the rank of Andalusian prose in the fifth Hijri century, and how it participated in shaping life images in this area, as well as knowing writing styles used and were prominent there.Methodology used in this study was analytical, descriptive and aesthetic. This study of three chapters preceded by a preamble about the writer, his childhood, his educational background, and how his education has influenced his character, and preamble closed up with a brief about the style of the writer and his school in writing. The first chapter is devoted to the study of formal composition in letters of the writer, which was classified into three sections : in the first section, introductions of his letters were dealt with, in the second, its abstracts were discussed and in the third, conclusions were handled. Second chapter is included to study linguistic composition of these letters, which includes two sections; the first deals with lexicon of the writer, its terms' nature and their compatibility to the topic, the second is for styles adopted by the writer represented by the report, composition, objection, anastrophe, synonym, adaptation and implication. As to the third chapter, it is for studying descriptive and audio composition in his letters, which includes two sections, where we discussed an artistic rhetoric used by the writer to shape his images such as similes and metaphors. In the second, literary techniques were discussed which were used by the writer to get the letter's content coated with a beautiful rhythm, enriching semantic issues and consolidating meaning in the hearer's memory.

الشخصية في روايات ميسلون هادي

اسم المؤلف: ابتهال نوري احمد
اسم المشرف: عقيل عبد الحسين خلف
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: A fiction character is highly important in making events, formatting dialogues, and taking up space. In addition, it has other functions that differ from a character to another. This study addresses the novel character as a narrative entity in post - change Maysloon Hadi's novels. In the introduction, the researcher starts defining the novel character and its importance, and then (the character and the narrations) is studied where the character takes the role of the narrator to convey subjective and other narratives.After that, (Maysaloon's style of characterization in her novels) is studied where one can find that the writer adopts two ways : telling (pictorial) and revealing (dramatic). In the telling style, she uses the omniscient voice once and the character voice at another time. In the latter, she uses the implications of verbs, dialogues, and monologues. Furthermore, she uses the implications of nouns to present her characters.Then, this study examines (the character narrated to) where we get the character narrated to by a second side. It was dominant in Maysaloon's novels. Sometimes, the narrated - to character can be a main one, which is less used. Consequently, this study concludes that the fiction character is highly important in the post - change Iraqi novel, particularly in Maysaloon's novels.This study arrived at several results. The most important of these results is the inclination of the character to narrate the other narratives more than the subjective narratives in that a character tries to reveal man more than revealing itself. A character is revealed either through telling or through revealing style to suspend the reader and make him know the characteristics of each character alone

الظواهر النحوية القرانية في دراسات المحدثين : دراسة وتقويم == Quranic Grammatical Phenomena In Modern Studies Of The Study And Evaluate

اسم المؤلف: ميثاق حسن عبد الواحد صالح الصالحي
اسم المشرف: سامي علي جبار المنصوري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم اللغة العربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This Study Tagged Aimed B (Phenomena Grammatical Koranic In Modern Studies Of The Study And Evaluate) To Determine The Achtgalat Modern Scholars, The Manifestations Of Conformation Stylistic In The Quranic Text Adha, Which Bear The Stamp Of Privacy Morphological Characteristic; As Graphical Models Banner Contrasting Sunan Use - Prevailing, And Graduated From The System Provisions Standard Extrapolated, And Deal With Them In Accordance With The Descriptive And Analytical Approach And Linked By Linguistic Thinking Continued, And Research In Curriculum And Procedural Mechanisms And Characterization Of The Nature Of The Readings Stylistic That Emerge For And Extract Values Done Deliberative, Noting The In - Depth Research And Study Grammatical Features; And Take The Data Derived From The Consideration And Monitoring Standard For Balancing The Trade - Offs Readings Between Symmetric And Converged On The Levels Of Procedural Mechanisms And Values Of Stylistic Reading. And Fall Within The Research Goals System Seek To Identify, Over The Independence Of The Layout Communicative Ultimate Studied The Characteristics Of The Appearance Of Conformation Stylistic, Or Comprehensiveness Communicative System Wide Levels, As Well As Trying To Monitor What Has Been Made Available From The Visions And Ideas Of Descriptive And Therapeutic Theory Procedural Relevant, Broadcast In The Literature General Linguistic Studies ; Being Supplements Methodology Unavoidable In A Statement Foundations And Mptnaat Layout Atypical And Clarify Pillars, Finishing In Chapter Calendar To Read The Research Characteristics Of The Studies Modernist And Her Trial, In Light Of What Was Produced By The Data Results That Include Their Values On The Report Of The Advantages Of Congruence Between The Observed Study And Content Address, And Discuss The Attributes Applied Models Employee And Note Expressive Space Properties Relying On Them To Verify Their Eligibility To Embody The Contents Of Common And Regularities, And The Identification Of The Corresponding Winning My Space Between The Theory And Application Potential. The Characteristics Of The Stylistic Reading And Measuring BOUND Borders Functional Area The Model For Levels Share A Clear, From The System Finality To Study Values; Being Of Attention And Care Priorities In The Perspective Of The Research Methodology, And Then Pointing Approach Literacy Site Within The Limits Of Linguistic Advantages Stylistic, The Level Of The Approach Of Synthetic Target.

الظواهر التركيبية في الصحيفة الباقرية الجامعة لادعية الامام محمد بن علي الباقر (عليهما السلام) (ت 114هـ) : دراسة نحوية دلالية == Phenomena Structural In Al - Sahifa Al - Baqiriah (Scripture Of Imam Al - Baqir) Al - Jama'Ah For Duas Imam Muhammad Bin 'Ali Al - Baqir (T.114 H)

اسم المؤلف: نـوري عبد الكريـم نعمة
اسم المشرف: نوري حساني علوان الكاظمي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study addressed the prayers of Imam Mohammed bin Ali Al - Baqir (peace be upon them) Group in the book of Alssahifa Al - Baqrya The study titled (structural phenomena in Alssahifa Al - Baqrya University of Prayers Imam Muhammad bin Ali Al - Baqir) as it represents the phenomena of reverse, in the format compositional text Al - Baqrya thoughtful, involves a lot of purposes Aldalalaah jokes rhetorical, and nature of the material studied deemed to be a study plan on the three chapters unprecedented boot and followed by a conclusion and bibliography sources research and Review, the boot having on poverty was three : the first paragraph definition of the owner of Alssahifa AlBaqrya, second paragraph definition Alssahifa Al - Baqrya, came the third paragraph of the definition of the phenomenon and to install, either chapters was first called the phenomenon of submission and delays, and included sections three : first topic : the introduction in the nominative or indicative, the second topic : the introduction in the accusatival, section III : to provide semi - sentence, and came second chapter entitled phenomenon of repetition, Investigation has joined four : first topic : Duplicate name, the second topic : repetition, the third section the character repeat, section IV : repeat the sentence, and was the third chapter entitled phenomenon absolutely restriction, has been included on the Investigation of five : first topic : the restriction in replication , section The second restriction effectives, section III, the restriction condition, Section IV : restriction in the negative, Section V : restriction to minors, the study concluded that the most important results, which include : 1. The phenomena of synthetic disclose the meanings and connotations did not disclose sentence in its infrastructure2. The texts of the newspaper came Al - Baqrya expressive accurately reflect what is going on in the mind of the Imam of the feelings and attitudes.3. The diversity of linguistic usage of the phenomenon of submission and delays, all of these uses has connotations and purposes.4. way redundancy hinting structurally prominent in Dua'as Al - Baqrya paper work to show the central idea is the propaganda of the text which is contained therein.5. Repetition did not come out Dua'as Alssahifa AlBaqrya religious terms of reference which are based on the divine self holy expand the exclusion and benign, urgency in the need for the desired application in supplication.6. Most Dua'as newspaper contexts AlBaqrya was restricted, and perhaps the reason for this is due to the appropriate case and calling the context of the case and the place which is said to pray.7. The impact of these restrictions clear in highlighting the meaning and significance in enriching the Dua'as newspaper AlBaqrya

تاثير الشعير المنبت وبذور الكتان والالمازة كاغذية وظيفية في حفظ اقراص اللحم المفروم المخزن بالتبريد والتجميد == Effect of germinated barley ,Flaxseed and jerusalum artichoke as Functional foods in Keeping minced meat storage Cooling and Freezing

اسم المؤلف: حوراء حامد شاكر علي الطفيلي
اسم المشرف: اميرة كاظم ناصر
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The aim of present study was to add some functional foods included germinated barley , flax seed and Jerusalum artichoke to minced meat . two experiments were done , the first used 5,10 and 15 % concentrations of plants to the meat and preserved under 4 c° . chemical tests were measured which included free fatty acid percent , peroxide number and cholesterol , the physical teste was cooking lost percent . Microbial tests included total loacterial number , psychiophless Drganoleptic teste included colour , falvor , tenderness , guciness and total acceptance . The best concentoate from first lexperimant was chosen to intiate the second experiment . storing temperature of - 18° c was used for three months . chemical tests included free fatty acid % , peroxide number , thiobarbutaric TBA, cholesterol , total thyrosin ,non - protein thyrosin and protein thyrosin , total dissolved nitrogen , non - protein nitrogen and protein nitrogen . physical tests included total free liquid , cooking loss % and hydrogenic number . Organdeptic test included color , flavor , tenderness , juinceness and total acceptance . The results can be summarized as follow : Summary ]b[1 - Significant (p<0.05) decrease in free fatty acid % of meat treated with studied plants of the nineth day of germinated barley and tenth dayof flaxseed and Jerusalum artichoke the 7th day from preservation because highest contamination2 - Significant (p<0.05) decrease in peroxide number of meat samples treated with all plants in comparison with contor Which recorded 3.76 melimequavtent/Kg fat on the 7th day of preservation and was discarded because of contamination , oxidation and hydrolysis . peroxidenumber of other treatments were 2.38, 2.36 and 2.33 meq/kg of germinated barley ,flaxseed and Jerusalum artichoke respectively on 6th3 - Adding plants to the meat resulted in significant decreae in total bacteria number and psychiophless in comparison with contant which was discarded on the 7th day while treated groups shoused standard characteristics till the 9th day of preservation germinated barley and the 10th day,flaxseed and Jerusalum artichoke4 - An increase (p<0.05) in hydrogegnic number was observed for all treatments except control group.5 - There was significant (p<0.05) decrease in free liquid of all treatments in comparism with control free liquid of and control was 28.31 ml when stored at frozen temperatureSummary ]c[6 - There was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in cooking loss of treated groups as storage period increases in comparison with control7 - There was significant (p<0.05) increase in total nitrogen% of treated groups in comparison with control group.8 - All treated groups showed significant (p<0.05) total value of Tyrosine/Trptophan , non - protein T/T and protein T/T in comparison with control group.9 - A significant (p<0.05) decrease in meat cholesterol concentration of groups treated with different plants in comparison with control when meat cooling and freezing.10 - Results have showed that samples treated with flaxseed and Jerusalum artichoke reveated better organoleptic traits ( color, flavor , tenderness , guciencss and total acceptance in comparison with control group

استخدام بعض المرشحات في خفض الملوحة والبورون في مياه شط العرب وابار جنوب البصرة لاستعمالها في ري نبات الطماطة Lycoperscion esculentum Mill == Using of Some Filters in Dercreasing Water Salinity and Boron Toxicity of Satt Al - Arab River and Basrah Southern Wells and Reuse of Tomato Plant (Lycoperscion esculentum Mill) Irrigation

اسم المؤلف: حنان عبد الوهاب سعيد الحكيم
اسم المشرف: هيفاء جاسم حسين التميمي | نجلة جبر محمد الاميري
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التربة والمياه
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Thirteen water sample of Shatt Al - Arab river and its tributaries were collected starting with Madania at (north of Basrah ending with Al - Fao south of Basrah) according to the following areas (Medania , Gurna , Sharesh, Deyar/ near paper plan, Hartha (near thermal electric station), Garmat Ali (Basrah university), Tenoma/Sahehia , near teaching hospital, Abul - Khaseeb /Hamdan, Abul - Khaseebl Abu - Floose, Sebha, Al - Dora, and Al - Fao. Fifteen well's water sample were collected from Al - Zubair , Al - Berjesia and Safwan during Dec.2014. Chemical and physical properties of water samples were conducted (ECiw), soluble ions (calcium, mangnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulphate, carbonate, bicarbonate, boron, and nitrate), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total hardness. After water sample properties determination, they were classified to three classes according to electrical conductivity (1 - 4, 4 - 8, and 8 - 12) dSm - 1 , and three classes of boron concentrations (< 0.7, 0.7 - 3.0, and > 3.0) mg L - 1 . For the purpore of study of studies filter efficiency, two type of filter were used, mineral filter (sand, charcoal, porcelin, and cement klint dust) and organic filters (rice hust ash, barley straw, sawdust, plam leaf, and poultry rnanure). Two experiments were conducted, one of them laboratory experiment in soil science and water resources laboratories /College of Agriculture /University of Basrah) other was biological experiment in wooden canopy to achieve the objectives of the study.Nine type of mineral and organic types of filters were selected for studying their efficiencies in decreasing water salinity and boron toxicity of Shatt Al - Arab river and Wells, after passing water through them. Chemical and physical properties of water were determined after passing water through filters and water quality was calculated. A number ofBcriteria and international standards were used for evaluation water quality after and before passing through filters.For studying the efficiency of water treatment by the most efficient filters according to laboratory experiment results were rice husk ash, cement klint dust, sand, and control treatment. Biological experiment was conducted by using plastic pots with capacity of20 kg soil according to factorial experiment with three replicates for each treatment with 24 empirical units (2×3×3) (soil * No. of filters * replicates) besides control treatment and six classes of water to be 144 empirical units. Two soils were used one of them from Agricultural field of Agricultural Research Station, and the other from Garmat Ali field during agricultural season 2014 - 2015. Mineral fertilizers were used with rates, 320 Kg N ha - 1as urea (46 % N) with two doses, phosohate fertilizer was applied at rate 90 kg P ha - 1 as concentrated supper phosphate (20.21 % P), potassium at rate of 120 kg K ha - 1 as potassium sulfate (43 % K) one dose at planting. Peatmose fertilizer was applied at rate 2% for all treatment mixing with soils. For getting erough water for irrigation, plastic coloumns wereduplicated in their dimentions for studied filters. Shatt Al - Arab and wells water were passed through most efficient filter besides sand filter separately with equal quantities. Water was collected after one minute to conform the properties of laboratory experiment.Tomato plants (Lycopersiconesculintium M.)were planted on 22/9/2014 and irrigated with water treated with filters besides control treatment at field capacity (20 % for Berjesia Research Station soil) and (30 % for Garmat Ali soil). Leaching requirement was calculated for each treatment. After 176 days, plants were harvested with space 2 cm from soil surface avoiding contamination. Tomato plants were fractionated into three parts, roots, shoots, and fruits. Dry matter of roots and shoot wasBCcalculated. Boron concentrion of (roots, shoots and fruits) was determined. Fruits yied of tomato was calculated. Electrical conductivity and available boron of residual soils in pots were determined after tomato plants growth Period.Results obtained could be summarized as : 1. Adoption of rice husk ash and cemenentklint dust in treatment of Shatt Al - Arab and wells water because of their high efficiency in decreasing boron concentration and water salinity and reuse for tomato plant irrigation and Plants irrigated with water treated with rice husk ash were surpassed over other plants in dry matter and yield, and gave lowest boron concentration in tomato plant tissues for all parts roots, shoots, and fruits. Same treatment gave the lowest concentration residual boron in soil and lowest value of soil salinity as compared with water treated with cementklint dust filter and sand filter besides control treatment.2. loamy sand soil was surpassed over clay loam soil in dry matter and yield of tomato and lowest concentration of boron in their tissues, while clay loam soil was surpassed over loam sand soil in residual boron concentration and soil salinity.3. Results indicated that there were significant differences between type of filters and soil texture in dry matter, yild , boron concentration in roots , shoots, and fruits of tomato plants. Residual boron concentration and soil salinity.4. Results indicated that there was no boron contamination in both studied soils treated with water of Shatt Al - Arab and wells treated with two filters (rice husk ash and cementklint dust)

تاثير بعض معاملات السيطرة الطبيعية قبل الحصاد وبعده في تحسين الصفات النوعية والقابلية الخزنية لثمار نخيل التمر Phoenix dactylifera L. صنفي البرحي والبريم == EFFECT some pre and post - harvest natural control treatments on improving the qualitative characteristics and storage ability of date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L. ) cvs. Barhi and Bream

اسم المؤلف: حمزة عباس حمزة عباس
اسم المشرف: عباس مهدي جاسم | ضياء احمد طعين
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Research were divided into two experiments, field and storage , field experiment was conducted in private orchard at Abu - Alkhasib south of Basrah . Date palm fruits( Phoenix dactylifera L.) cvs. Barhi and Bream were used during the growing seasons 2014 and 2015. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of spraying chitosan at the concentrations of 0% , 1% , 2% on yield and some physical , chemical and physiological characteristics of fruits. The experiment included 9 trees for both cvs. Complete Randomized Block Design was used with three replicates . The results were analyzed by the analysis of variance of factorial experiment and mean values were compared using the Revised Least Significant Difference Test at 0.05 probability level. The results of study showed significant effect of spraying chitosan at the concentrations of 2% on the most of the studied parameters (fresh weight , size of fruit , yield , water content, total acidity ,tannin and pectin) in addition to delay the ripening and respiration rate of fruits for both cvs. Untreated fruits retain the highest percentage of total soluble solids , total sugars , reducing sugars and total protein. Invertase and cellulase activities decreased in fruits treated with chitosan as compared with untreated fruits which recorded the highest activity of invertase and cellulase for both cvs.Storage experiment was conducted in Al - Moussawi dates factory situated at Abu - Al - Khaseb District , Basrah Governorate to study the effect of some pre and post harvest natural control treatments in improving the qualitative characteristics and storage ability of date palm fruits cvs. Barhi and Bream. Fruits that treated with chitosan at the concentrations of (0, 1, 2) % were harvested in the early morning and carried to Al - Moussawi dates factory. Then every one of the three parts divided into five groups ,the first was treated with ultraviolet light (UV) at the concentration of 1KGY for periods of (0, 5, 10) minutes ,while the second group were treated with (1 - MCP) at the concentration of ( 0,0.5,1) ppm for 24 hour at 0 ºc .third was treated with ozone (O3) at the concentration of 5 ppm for the periods of (0, 0.5, 1) hour ,while the fourth group were soaked in chitosan at the concentrations of ( 0,1,2) % , the fifth were without treatment .Fruits were packed in plastic bags.Both of the two parts were stored at two storage temperatures (room temperature 25±2ºc and freezing temperature - 10±2ºc for three weeks and six months respectively . Storage characteristics were studied before andBduring storage and at the end of storage period . the results can be summarized as follow : 1 - spraying chitosan at the concentrations of 2% in the field reduced the percentage of deteriorated fruit , ripening process, TSS , total and reducing sugars and increased the percentage of water content, sucrose and total acidity in addition to elongation the desirable color of fruits and keeping good flavor and taste for Barhi and Bream fruits until the end of storage period at - 10±2ºc and 25±2ºc for the both of growing seasons 2014 and 2015 .2 - Treating with ultraviolet light (UV) for 5 minutes reduced percentage of decay for Barhi ,whereas fuel west percentage of Bream fruits decay was in fruits treated wish ozone for 1hour for both growing seasons .3 - Treating with (1 - MCP) at the concentration of (1) ppm reduced the progress of ripening and total sugars and increased water content, sucrose and total acidity in addition to elongation the desirable color of fruits and keeping good flavor and taste for Barhi and Bream fruits up to the end of storage period at - 10±2ºc for the both of growing seasons .4 - The percentage of decay of fruits , ripening progress, loss in weight , TSS , total and reducing sugars increased whereas the percentage of water contents, sucrose and acidity decreased with increment of storage period for both cultivars and seasons at 25±2ºc and - 10±2ºc.5 - The interaction between field treatments and storage treatments had significant effect on percentage of fruits decay. Fruits sprayed with chitosan at the concentrations of 2% in the field and treated with ultraviolet light (UV) for the periods of 10 minutes had the lowest percentage of fruits decay for both growing seasons .6 - The interaction between spraying chitosan and storage period significantly effected on studied parameters . Fruits sprayed with 2% chitosan in the field were superior in keeping water content and delaying ripening process but they had the lowest TSS , total and reducing sugar at the end of storage period at 25±2ºc and - 10±2ºc compared with untreated fruit for both cultivars and seasons .7 - The interaction between storage treatments and storage period significantly effected on studied parameters. Fruits treated with (1 - MCP) at the concentration of (1) ppm were the best in keeping water content and delaying ripening process but they had the lowest TSS , total and reducing sugar at the end of storage period at 25±2ºc and - 10±2ºc compared with untreated fruit for both cultivars and seasons .C8 - The interaction among field treatments, storage treatments and storage period had significant effect on percentage of fruits decay. Fruits sprayed with chitosan at the concentrations of 2% in the field and treated with ultraviolet light (UV) for the periods of 10 minutes had the lowest percentage of fruits decay , at the end of storage period at - 10±2ºc for both cultivars and seasons .9 - Gel electrophoresis for protein showed that in Barhi and Bream fruits treated with pre and post harvest natural control treatments and stored at - 10±2ºc , the process of gene expression has occurred , since there was a number of bands , which differed both in number as well in their position on the gel , depending on treatments and cultivar . There was very clear differences between treatments in the number , position and the timing of the appearance of the protein bands for both cvs. during which Bream fruits treated with chitosan recorded the highest number of bands ( seven bands).

تصميم وتصنيع وتقيم اداء جهاز لازالة الكولسترول والدهون من اللحوم المفرومة == Designing , Manufacturing and Performance evalution a Device for removal cholesterol and fats from the minced meats

اسم المؤلف: حسن هادي مهدي الربيعي
اسم المشرف: اسعد رحمان سعيد الحلفي | منير عبود جاسم الطائي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاغذية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: A device to remove cholesterol and fats from minced meat by using supercritical CO2 has been designed and manufactured . This device removes cholesterol and part of the fat from the meat and operates by static and dynamic methods . This device consists of a pump run by compressed air that increases CO2 pressure to supercritical pressure , and from a CO2 cylinder size 20 kg . It also consists of three units : the first unit separates cholesterol and fat from the meat , the second unit separates cholesterol and part of the fat from supercritical CO2 , and the third unit absorbs cholesterol only by using Calcium carbonate . Other Components of the device are the cooling unit, heating unit, pressure and temperature gauges and control valves distributed among the parts of the device , in addition to the safety valve .The parameter of the device performance such as pressure, temperature, time, density, viscosity, solubility, compression coefficient and diffusion coefficient were measured , and cholesterol percentages in fresh minced meat were calculated before and after supercritical CO2 treatment in both the static and dynamic methods . Moreover, the chemical , micrological , and sensory characteristics and the storage period of samples which undergo the pressure, temperature, and time conditions have been measured as well is studying the economical quality of the manufactured device .The results have shown the following : 1. The maximum time to get the supercritical pressure for CO2 75,85,and 95 bar by using a pressure increasing pump was 35,40,55 minutes respectively.2. The density of supercritical CO2 increased by increasing the pressure, and decreased with high temperatures . The highest value was 667.525 kg\ m3 at 95 bar pressure and a temperature of 35 Celsius.3. The viscosity of supercritical CO2 increased by increasing the pressure and decreased with high temperatures . The highest value get 52.71×10 - 6 Pa. sec. at 95 bar pressure and a temperature of 35 Celsius.b4. The compression coefficient of supercritical CO2 increased at high temperature and decreased by increasing pressure. The highest value was 0.6607 at 75bar pressure and a temperature of 55 Celsius .5. A new equation has been suggested to calculate the solubility of cholesterol in the supercritical CO2 where the time factor has been considered. This solubility reached 0.17803505 and 0.14450794 g. L - 1 by using the static and dynamic methods respectively at 95 bar pressure , a temperature of 35 Celsius, and 80 minute hold time .6. The diffusion coefficient of cholesterol in supercritical CO2 increased at high temperature and decreased by increasing pressure . The highest value were 3.12107 × 10 - 9 and 9.36322 ×10 - 9 m2. sec - 1 by using the static and dynamic methods respectively at 95 bar pressure , a temperature of 35 Celsius, and 80 minute hold time .7. The highest loss ratio of fat and cholesterol by using supercritical CO2 were 92.72 and 61.96 % for fat and 87.10 and 70.69% for cholesterol respectively by using the static and dynamic methods at 95 bar pressure , a temperature of 35 Celsius, and 80 minute hold time .8. The percentages of moisture, protein, fat , ash , and carbohydrate in fresh meat samples untreated with supercritical CO2 were 74.43, 19.1, 4.48, 1.21,0.78 % respectively, while in fresh meat samples which have been treated with supercritical CO2 have reached 72.50, 22.68, 1.56, 2.4,0.86 % and 71.67, 24.41, 0.4, 2.6 , 0.92 % by using dynamic and static methods respectively . The cholesterol loss ratios of samples treated with supercritical CO2 were 72.28 and 89% by using the dynamic and static methods respectively at 95 bar pressure , a temperature of 35 Celsius, and 80 minute hold time.9. The values of peroxide of a meat chilled samples untreated with supercritical CO2 have increased from 6.22 Mlamkavi \ kg of fat in fresh meat to 9.45 Mlamkavi \ kg of fat after 12 days of freezing period storage. The values of peroxide of frozen meat samples treated with supercritical CO2 , on the other hand ,have slightly increased from 3.46 Mlamkavi \ kg of fat (before storage) to 4.1 Mlamkavi \ kg of fat (after storage) and from 0.76 Mlamkavi \ kg of fat (before storage) to 1.1 Mlamkavi \ kg of fat (after storage) using the dynamic and static methods respectively at the same period of storage and the same temperature.10. The microbiological tests result of meat treated with supercritical CO2 have shown that there were no colonies can be counted in the total countof bacteria, coliform bacteria, gold aurous, and yeasts and molds. The detection has shown a negative value about the existence of Salmonella.11. The results sensory evaluation of barker made by meat that is treated with supercritical CO2 have shown that the dynamic method samples are may accepted among experienced arbitrators followed by the static method samples at 95 bar pressure , a temperature of 35 Celsius, and 80 minute hold time .12. the maximum production value of the manufactured device was 10kg/day of cholesterol - free meat and the part of fat ,and that it is economical

ستراتيجية تكاثر نوعين من الاسماك الغضروفية في المياه البحرية العراقية == Reproductive strategy of two cartilaginous species from Iraqi marine water

اسم المؤلف: جنان حسن جاسم اللامي
اسم المشرف: ساجد سعد حسن النور | امجد كاظم رسن
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الاسماك والثروة البحرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم الاسماك والثروة البحرية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Investigation of the reproductive strategies of Arabian carpetshark Chiloscyllium arabicum (Gubanov, 1980) and Arabian whipray Himantura randalli (Last, Manjaji - Matsumoto et Moor, 2012) were conducted in Iraqi marine water from January, 2014 to December, 2014. A total of 365 Arabian carpetshark (200 female and 165 male) with total length ranged from 141 - 750 mm and 321 Arabian whipray (176 female and 145 male) with disk width ranged from 70 - 429 mm were cached. Trawling nets of Bahith Ship (owned by Marine Science Center) or other fishing boats were used to cached these fishes.Sex ratios of these fishes were investigated during study period. The cycle of gonad maturation was followed - up throughout the period of investigation by defining stages based on colour, shape and size of gonads. Fecundity was estimated and spawning period detected depending on gonado somatic index (GSI), hepato somatic index (HIS), histological study and sonar inspection.The length frequency distribution of Arabian carpetshark was dominated by group of 300 - 399 mm that appeared in all months except October. Smallest fish (142 mm, 20 g) was during October and biggest fish (750 mm, 1668.5 g) during June. The length - weight relationship was represented by the following equations : Male W= 0.000007 ×L 2.88Female W= 0.000005 × L 2.93 Both Sex W= 0.000006 × L 2.91Values of HSI was differ depending on the maturing conditions of males and females, where highest value (11.906) of HSI for females was recorded at October and lowest value (6.908) was recorded at June, while highest value (12.5) of HSI for males recorded at January and lowest value (9.14) recorded at March. There were negative correlation between oil ratioof liver and maturing condition of females, while in males this relation was not clear.Distinguishing of sex was carried out according to presence or absence of claspers. Smallest matured female was 421 ml in total length and 785.23 g in weight, while smallest matured male was 401 in total length and 693.14 in weight. Females were dominant on males during all months except February, August and November with equal sex ratio during March, while overall sex ratio was 1 : 1.26 toward females.The cycle of gonad maturation was divided into three stages : immature, maturing and mature for males and females. Linear relationship was found between total length (TL) and clasper length (x) and it was represented by following equation : TL=211.3479 + 0.013883 x X, with significant (P<0.05) correlation (r= 0.899) between them.The GSI values were different during study period, where highest values (8.84 and 7.93) for females recorded during April and May respectively and lowest value (0.73) during June, while highest value (6.74) for males recorded during March and lowest value (0.66) during May. Monthly differences in GSI especially for females refers that spawning period extended from May to June. This result supported by the results of frequency occurrence of germ cells. Results appeared that ovary of Arabian carpetshark contain 44 - 52 eggs with diameters between 22 - 48 mm. Depending on histological inspection of gonads, spermatocytes cells for males are divided into eight maturing stages, while spermatocytes cells for females into four maturing stages.Disk width (DW) frequency showed fife groups for Arabian whipray with dominant of 300 - 399 mm group that appeared in all months except October, while group of 200 - 299 mm was appeared in all months. Group of0 - 99 mm appeared in July and August, so it was concluded that reproduction occurred in July. Smallest fish (70 mm, 20 g) was cached during July and biggest fish (490 mm, 3834 g) was cached during June. Relationships between disk width and weight were as follow : Male W= 0.00031 x DW2.59 Female W= 0.0031 x DW2.31 Both Sex W= 0.0006 x W2.4HSI differed according to maturing conditions of males and females, where highest value (11.85) for females recorded during January and lowest value (6.04) recorded during June, while highest value (11.66) for males recorded during November and lowest value (7.48) recorded at March. There were negative correlations between gonad weight and liver weight of females and also between oil ratio of liver and maturing condition of females.Smallest matured female was 115 ml in disk width and 1936 g in weight, while smallest matured male was 355 in disk width and 1249 g in weight. Sex ratio was differ from the ratio of 1 : 1 during different months and at reproduction period the ratio of females was 64.5% and of males 35.5%, while the ratio was 50% for each sex after reproduction period at August. Females were dominant on males during all months except September and December and overall sex ratio was 1 : 1.26 toward females.Maturing cycle were divided into three stages : immature, maturing and mature for males and females. For males the dividing depending on morphological characteristics (length, size and colour) of claspers. Linear relationship was found between disk width and clasper length (x) and it was represented by following equation : DW=92.4133 +0.2233 x X .GSI showed differences throughout study period for both sexes. The highest value (8.63) for females recorded during June and lowest value (0.81) during July, while highest value (7.59) for males recorded duringJanuary and lowest value (0.97) during March. It was concluded, according to GSI especially for females, that birthing occurred between June and July.Number of eggs in the Arabian whipray ovary was ranged between 10 - 35 eggs and diameters between 5 - 28 mm, while the uterus contain 2 - 5 embryos that surrounded by strong covers and there wasn’t any placenta intelligence between embryos and female, so this fish considered as Ovoviviparous. Depending on histological inspections of gonads, spermatocytes were divided into seven maturing stages, while oocytes into four maturing stages.

تاثير محسنات التربة والتناوب في ميه الري مختلفة الملوحة في بعض خصائص التربة وانتاجية محصول الذرة الصفراء Zea mays L. باستعمال منظومة الري بالتنقيط == Effect of Soil Conditioners and Alternative Irrigation Water with Different Salinity on Some Soil Properties and Productivity of Corn Zea mays L. By Using Drip System

اسم المؤلف: جمعة عبد الزهرة نافع الحلفي
اسم المشرف: داخل راضي نديوي | صلاح مهدي سلطان
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التربة والمياه
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study is conducted in the field of the college of agriculture / Basrah university site / Karmat Ali during spring season of 2015 where the soil texture of the field is clay and classified as a fine mixed , calcareous , hyberthermic , typic , torrifluvent .The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of irrigation water treatment and their interaction with soil conditioners application by using drip irrigation system on some physical and chemical properties of the soil and water use efficiency and its impact on some growth parameters and productivity of maize crop ( fital varity, Holland origin,(Zea mays L.).Two factors are used : four different irrigation waters and two types of soil conditioners . Irrigation water treatments included four ones : high saline water (7.5 - 8.0 dS m - 1) , mixing water ( 4.5 - 5 dS m - 1) , alternative water ( irrigation with high saline water followed by low saline one ) during the period of growth season and low saline water( 3.5 - 4.0 dSm - 1 ) . Irrigation process is applied according to evaporation pan ( class A) measurements with addition to 20% of water as leaching requirements . As to the second factor , it consists of two conditioners : compost and polymer where the first one is at two levels 1% , 2% and the second one is at two levels 0.01% , 0.02% in addition to control treatment .The experiment treatments are distributed into three replicates by using factorial experiment conducted in a randomized complete block design ( RCBD ). The planting is achieved in 20/03/2015 . At the end of the experiment are collected soil samples from the experiment location for studying some physical and chemical properties of studied soil for the depth 0 - 10 cm , 10 - 20 cm , 20 - 30 cm and a distance 0,15,30 cm from the emitter . During the experiment are used piezometers connected to the water supply pipe of each experimental unit together with water gauges for measuring water discharge in each irrigation period . And the results are as follows : 1.The results showed a significant decrease in the values of bulk density soil resistance for penetration whereas there is an increase in mean weight diameter by using low saline irrigation water , alternative waterBhigh saline irrigation water followed by low saline irrigation one ) , and mixing water in contract with high saline irrigation water. While concerning the impact of soil conditioners on the soil properties above , where the use of the compost at two levels 1% , 2% and polymer at 0.01% , 0.02% lead to significant decrease the values of bulk densityand soil resistance for penetration but there is an increase in mean weight diameter value .2. The results showed that there is an increase in the values of saturated hydraulic conductivity , accumulative infiltration , infiltration average and basic infiltration average by application compost and polymer in the studied levels , whereas usage high saline irrigation water leads to a reduction in these values above. But application alternative , mixing , and low saline irrigation water lead to an increase in all soil properties as mentioned above respectively as contrast with usage high saline irrigation water.3. The results revealed that a higher weight moisture content was close to the emitters and is decreased far away from emitters horizontally and vertically for all treatments . On the other hand , the moisture content increases by application compost at 1% , 2% and polymer at 0.01% . 0.02% where was as an average 29.83% , 31.43% , 28.76% , 29.22% respectively .Through this context , moisture content decreases significantly by application low saline irrigation water and increases significantly by the use of alternative , mixing , and high saline irrigation water where was as an average 27.48% , 28.76% , 30.06% , 31.04% respectively .4. The results showed that addition of the compost as a conditioner at 1% , 2% levels and the polymer at 0.01% , 0.02% ones leads to decrease in the values of soil salinity close to the emitters in contrast with control treatment where they were 6.49 , 5.86 , 7.13 , 6.80 dSm - 1 respectively. In addition , the results showed that there is a higher salt accumulation on usage high saline irrigation water where was7.84 dSm - 1 as contrast with mixing , alternative , and low saline irrigation water were they were 7.07 , 6.58 , 5.83 dSm - 1 respectively.5. The results revealed that there is a significant increase of the plant height of maize , fresh weight , dry weight , and the productivity by application compost and polymer with the increase of their levels . More growth parameters as mentioned above increased by usage mixing , alternative , andClow saline irrigation water as contrast with application of high saline irrigation water respectively .6.The results showed that there is a significant increase of water use efficiency values of the plant by application compost at two levels 1% , 2% and polymer at 0.01% , 0.02% where the values were 0.81, 0.88 , 0.71 , 0.75 Kg ha - 1 m - 3 respectively. However, water use efficiency values increased significantly by usage mixing , alternative and low saline water treatment where they were 0.74 , 0.80 , 0.85 Kg ha - 1 m - 3 respectively as contrast with high saline irrigation water treatment where it was 0.66 Kg ha - 1 m - 3 . In short the higher water use efficiency was on low saline irrigation water treatment, whereas the lower value was on application high saline irrigation water one .7.The results revealed that there is a possibility for the application of alternative irrigation ( by using high saline water followed by low saline water ) , taking into consideration the usage of compost 2% without any great effect on physical and chemical soil properties and plant growth with save 50% of low saline water .8.The results showed that there is a possibility for representing water infiltration results as an accumulative infiltration and infiltration average according to Philip's equation ,( 1957) with high significant limiting factor and determining the values of Philip's equation constants . In this context , the results showed that water infiltration increased with the rising of conditioner level and decreased with the low conditioner one .
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