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تاثير محسنات التربة والتناوب في ميه الري مختلفة الملوحة في بعض خصائص التربة وانتاجية محصول الذرة الصفراء Zea mays L. باستعمال منظومة الري بالتنقيط == Effect of Soil Conditioners and Alternative Irrigation Water with Different Salinity on Some Soil Properties and Productivity of Corn Zea mays L. By Using Drip System
Author name:
جمعة عبد الزهرة نافع الحلفي
Supervisor name:
داخل راضي نديوي | صلاح مهدي سلطان
General topic:
Agricultural sciences
Specific topic:
Soil and Water
Degree:
Master
University:
University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Basrah
First pages:
31T1773 - p.pdf
Abstract:
This study is conducted in the field of the college of agriculture / Basrah university site / Karmat Ali during spring season of 2015 where the soil texture of the field is clay and classified as a fine mixed , calcareous , hyberthermic , typic , torrifluvent .The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of irrigation water treatment and their interaction with soil conditioners application by using drip irrigation system on some physical and chemical properties of the soil and water use efficiency and its impact on some growth parameters and productivity of maize crop ( fital varity, Holland origin,(Zea mays L.).Two factors are used : four different irrigation waters and two types of soil conditioners . Irrigation water treatments included four ones : high saline water (7.5 - 8.0 dS m - 1) , mixing water ( 4.5 - 5 dS m - 1) , alternative water ( irrigation with high saline water followed by low saline one ) during the period of growth season and low saline water( 3.5 - 4.0 dSm - 1 ) . Irrigation process is applied according to evaporation pan ( class A) measurements with addition to 20% of water as leaching requirements . As to the second factor , it consists of two conditioners : compost and polymer where the first one is at two levels 1% , 2% and the second one is at two levels 0.01% , 0.02% in addition to control treatment .The experiment treatments are distributed into three replicates by using factorial experiment conducted in a randomized complete block design ( RCBD ). The planting is achieved in 20/03/2015 . At the end of the experiment are collected soil samples from the experiment location for studying some physical and chemical properties of studied soil for the depth 0 - 10 cm , 10 - 20 cm , 20 - 30 cm and a distance 0,15,30 cm from the emitter . During the experiment are used piezometers connected to the water supply pipe of each experimental unit together with water gauges for measuring water discharge in each irrigation period . And the results are as follows : 1.The results showed a significant decrease in the values of bulk density soil resistance for penetration whereas there is an increase in mean weight diameter by using low saline irrigation water , alternative waterBhigh saline irrigation water followed by low saline irrigation one ) , and mixing water in contract with high saline irrigation water. While concerning the impact of soil conditioners on the soil properties above , where the use of the compost at two levels 1% , 2% and polymer at 0.01% , 0.02% lead to significant decrease the values of bulk densityand soil resistance for penetration but there is an increase in mean weight diameter value .2. The results showed that there is an increase in the values of saturated hydraulic conductivity , accumulative infiltration , infiltration average and basic infiltration average by application compost and polymer in the studied levels , whereas usage high saline irrigation water leads to a reduction in these values above. But application alternative , mixing , and low saline irrigation water lead to an increase in all soil properties as mentioned above respectively as contrast with usage high saline irrigation water.3. The results revealed that a higher weight moisture content was close to the emitters and is decreased far away from emitters horizontally and vertically for all treatments . On the other hand , the moisture content increases by application compost at 1% , 2% and polymer at 0.01% . 0.02% where was as an average 29.83% , 31.43% , 28.76% , 29.22% respectively .Through this context , moisture content decreases significantly by application low saline irrigation water and increases significantly by the use of alternative , mixing , and high saline irrigation water where was as an average 27.48% , 28.76% , 30.06% , 31.04% respectively .4. The results showed that addition of the compost as a conditioner at 1% , 2% levels and the polymer at 0.01% , 0.02% ones leads to decrease in the values of soil salinity close to the emitters in contrast with control treatment where they were 6.49 , 5.86 , 7.13 , 6.80 dSm - 1 respectively. In addition , the results showed that there is a higher salt accumulation on usage high saline irrigation water where was7.84 dSm - 1 as contrast with mixing , alternative , and low saline irrigation water were they were 7.07 , 6.58 , 5.83 dSm - 1 respectively.5. The results revealed that there is a significant increase of the plant height of maize , fresh weight , dry weight , and the productivity by application compost and polymer with the increase of their levels . More growth parameters as mentioned above increased by usage mixing , alternative , andClow saline irrigation water as contrast with application of high saline irrigation water respectively .6.The results showed that there is a significant increase of water use efficiency values of the plant by application compost at two levels 1% , 2% and polymer at 0.01% , 0.02% where the values were 0.81, 0.88 , 0.71 , 0.75 Kg ha - 1 m - 3 respectively. However, water use efficiency values increased significantly by usage mixing , alternative and low saline water treatment where they were 0.74 , 0.80 , 0.85 Kg ha - 1 m - 3 respectively as contrast with high saline irrigation water treatment where it was 0.66 Kg ha - 1 m - 3 . In short the higher water use efficiency was on low saline irrigation water treatment, whereas the lower value was on application high saline irrigation water one .7.The results revealed that there is a possibility for the application of alternative irrigation ( by using high saline water followed by low saline water ) , taking into consideration the usage of compost 2% without any great effect on physical and chemical soil properties and plant growth with save 50% of low saline water .8.The results showed that there is a possibility for representing water infiltration results as an accumulative infiltration and infiltration average according to Philip's equation ,( 1957) with high significant limiting factor and determining the values of Philip's equation constants . In this context , the results showed that water infiltration increased with the rising of conditioner level and decreased with the low conditioner one .
