العلم العراقي
عرض: 25 50 75 100 النتائج

نتائج البحث: 25 من أصل 331

تاثير الارتجاع العضوي المزمن للصمام الاكليلي على وظيفة البطيي الايمن الانبساطية باستخدام دوبلر صدى القلب في عدة مراكز للقلب في بغداد == Impact of chronic organic mitral regurgitation on Right Ventricular Diastolic Function using Doppler echocardiographic study in Multi Cardiac Center in Baghdad

اسم المؤلف: عطاء خليل طه
اسم المشرف: غازي فرحان حاجي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: صدى القلب
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : To date, little is known regarding the effect of left ventricular volume overload on right ventricular diastolic function. We hypothesized that patients with chronic organic mitral regurgitation and preserved left ventricular systolic function might have subclinical right ventricular dysfunction, and related to pulmonary artery systolic pressure.Objective : To study the effect of left ventricular volume overload on right ventricular diastolic function by Doppler echocardiography in patients with chronic organic compensated mitral regurgitation.Patients and methods : A cross - sectional study held in multi cardiac center in Baghdad. From April 2015 to June 2016. Patients categorized in to two groups; Thirty - one were without pulmonary hypertension (group I, mean age 32±7.1 years) and thirty of patients were with pulmonary hypertension (group II, mean age 36.1±5.7years). All of them compared with sixty - one healthy individuals serving as a control group (group III, mean age 32.1±6.6 years). Transthoracic echocardiography (multiple views) M - mode, Two - dimensional and Doppler were done for all groups of study.Results : Conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular diastolic function revealed impairment in up to 44.3% of patients, (19.4% in group I vs 70% in group II, P<0.001). Patients had lower right ventricular E - wave velocity, lower E/A ratio, and prolonged right ventricular isovolumic relaxation time compared to control. Tissue Doppler analysis showed lower E', and lower E'/A' ratio. All changes were statistically significant at P < 0.001). Patients with pulmonary hypertension were older with higher E/E' ratio in comparison to the other two groups (5.79±1.75 in group II vs 3.91±0.41, 4.08±0.93 in group III and I, respectively, P <0.001).

التدخين بين الكوادر الطبية والصحية في مستشفيات بغداد 2016 == Smoking among Health Care Workers in Baghdad Hospitals, 2016

اسم المؤلف: ولاء طالب یوسف
اسم المشرف: ايمان عدنان القصير
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الوبائيات التطبيقية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Smoking is the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes, shisha or argela and cigars. Smoking causes diminished overall health, increased absenteeism from work, and increased health care utilization and cost. Quitting smoking lowers the risk for smoking - related diseases and can add years to life. The global tobacco epidemic is predicted to kill 10million people annually over the next 20 to 30 years (mainly in developing countries). Health Workers have potential role in preventing smoking among patients as they are health educators and counselors for quitting smoking.Objectives : To determine smoking prevalence among Health Care Workers and to study HCWs knowledge and attitudes toward tobacco smoking during work.Methods : A cross sectional study was conducted on three general hospitals in Baghdad Al Karkh side that were chosen randomly and all Health Care Workers that agree to participate during time of visit to their hospitals were included in the study and they were 448; from end of June to end of August 2016; data collected through self - filled questionnaire then data was entered and analyzed by excel sheet and SPSS software. Results : Mean of age of participants was 35.6±10 years; the prevalence of current smoker was 12.5%; most of particip ates were aware about smoking complications (92%); most of participates expressed positive attitudes towards smoking control irrespective of their own smoking status; about 90% of participates were bothered from Second Hand Smoking; the mean of cigarette smoking was 20±12 cigarettes per day; the mean of 1st age for starting smoking was 21±8 years & the mean of period of smoking was 13.7±8 years. About 39% of smokers had signs of nicotine addiction.Conclusion : The prevalence of smoking was relatively low; males were significantly more prone to smoke (96%) compared to females; there was no significant association between smoking and profession; females were significantly bother from Second Hand Smoking; smokers that get sickness from smoking were more prone to stop smoking and there was significant association between periods of smoking with nicotine addiction.Recommendations : Activation of penalty fines on smoking during work or induce Official penalty & Provision of special places for smoking in work places.

قيمة السلالة الطولية مقابل تصوير الاوعية التاجية في الكشف عن مرض الشريان التاجي == The Value of Longitudinal Strain versus Coronary Angiography in Detection of Coronary Artery Disease

اسم المؤلف: حسان نوري محمود
اسم المشرف: معتز فوزي حسين
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: صدى القلب
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Introduction : Coronary artery disease is characterized by atherosclerosis in the epicardial coronary arteries. The reduction in coronary artery flow may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, occurs with exertion or at rest, and culminate in a myocardial infarction or angina, depending on obstruction severity and the rapidity of development. Speckle - tracking echocardiography is a new noninvasive ultrasound imaging technique that allows for an objective and quantitative evaluation of global and regional myocardial function independently from the angle of insonation and from cardiac translational movements.Aim of the study : to assess the value of longitudinal strain versus coronary angiography in detection of coronary artery disease Patients and method : A cross sectional study was conducted in Ibn - Albitar hospital during the period between March 2015 and March 2016 and a sample of 72 patients was selected with positive coronary angiography. Results : The mean age of patients was 56.4 ± 10.1 years; furthermore, 73.6% of the patients aged more than 50 years. About half of the patients, (51.4%) were smokers, (73.6%) were diabetic, (33.3%) were hypertensive and (58.3%) had hyperlipidemia. the findings of 2D LV Longitudinal strain - speckle tracking, positive LADA (left anterior descending artery) stenosis was reported in (86.1%), the CX artery stenosis reported in (76.4%) and the RCA stenosis was found in (84.7%) of the patients. for the stenosis in LADA, the current study showed that the longitudinal strain was a good predictor with a sensitivity of (93.8%), specificity (75%) and accuracy (91.7%) compared with coronary angiography, with good performance of the test between tests, good predictive value and accuracy of the test.The longitudinal strain showed that there was a good performance in detection of stenosis in CXA with high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. The performance and validity of 2D LV longitudinal strain in detection of RCA stenosis in comparison with angiography, it had a sensitivity of (93.5%), specificity of (70.0%) and accuracy of (90.3%).Conclusion : The current study revealed that the Speckle - tracking echocardiography technique has a good performance and validity in detection of coronary artery stenosis with very good agreement with angiography.

عوامل الخطورة وتصنيــف اورام الرحــم وتدريجاتـه == Risk factors and histopathological types of uterine cancer 2016

اسم المؤلف: رشا زكــــي شكــــــر
اسم المشرف: خضير جاسم صبيح الرواق
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة العلاجية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: سرطان الرحم نسبيا يعتبر من الاورام الشائعه بين النساء حيث انه ياتي في المرتبه الرابعه بين الاورام الخبيثه التي تصيب النساء خاصة النوع الشبيه ببطانة الرحم.ان التصنيف حسب التشريح النسيجي المرضي ومرحلة الورم وعوامل الخطوره للمرض لم يتم تقييمها بصوره جيده في النساء العراقيات من اللواتي اصبن بهذا المرض.الغرض من الدراسةان الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو لمعرفة نوع الورم حسب التشريح النسيجي المرضي ومرحلة المرض عند تشخيص المرض وعوامل الخطوره للمرض بين المريضات العراقيات المرضى وطرق البحثتشمل هذه الدراسة خمسه واربعون مريضة مصابة بسرطان الرحم من مراجعات مستشفى الاورام التعليمي في مدينة الطب في بغداد للفترة من شهر كانون الثاني لغاية شهر نيسان 2016.لقد تم جمع المعلومات الضروريه من خلال الاستبيان المعد مسبقا من قبل فريق البحث وقد تم جمع المعلومات المطلوبه من فايلات المرضى المراجعين لمستشفى الاورام التعليمي في مدينة الطبالنتائجفي هذه الدراسة كانت 77.8% مريضة بعمر اكثر من 50 سنة ,86.7% من المريضات كان لديهن تاريخ احاظه مبكره,86.7% من المريضات كن في مرحلة سن الياس.كانت هناك نسبه قليله من المريضات ممن كان لدين تاريخ دوائي باستخدام الهورمونات او عدم الانجاب او وجود تاريخ مرضي للمرض في العائله وان نسبة 51% كن في المرحله الاولى من المرض اثناء تشخيص المرض ابتدائيا | Uterine cancer is relatively common; it’s the fourth most common malignancy in women. Histopathological types, staging and risk factors for uterine cancer are not yet well evaluated in Iraqi patients with uterine malignancy.Aim of study : - To classify uterine carcinoma patients according to histopathological type, risk factors and stageing.Patients and method : Cross - sectional study was conducted for 45 patients in Oncology Teaching Hospital, Medical city, Baghdad, Iraq between Jan.1st - April 1st2016. The data were collected from the medical records of patients with uterine cancer who’s attending to the hospital for completion of treatment through questionnaire which was developed by research team.Results : - The results of this current study on total of 45 patients showed that 77.8% 35 patients were older than 50 years, 86.7% 39 patients with history of early menarche, 86.7% 39 patients were in post - menopause phase, 33.3% of patients had history of hormonal therapy, infertility and family history of the disease. Endometrioid and Papillary serous types represented the highest percentage (42.2%, 28.9%) respectively. Highest percentages (51%) of patients were in stage one at the time of diagnosis.Recommendation : - - Further studies on uterine tumor. - Early detection programs should be activated. - Close follow up on patients from Stage 1. - Awareness programs on risk factors should be activated. - Patients educational sessions should be conducted regularly in the Hospitals.

معالجة اورام الدماغ في العراق 2016 == Management of brain Tumors in Iraq 2016

اسم المؤلف: هدير رياض سعيد
اسم المشرف: خضير جاسم صبيح الرواق
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة العلاجية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: CNS tumors constitute 2% of all cancers, and are observed in 4 - 5 in 100,000. CNS tumors exhibit different behaviors according to age, histology, and location.Aim of study1 - Detect the rate of incidence of CNS tumors in relation to age, sex, geographical distribution, environmental factors & genetic factors in our country2 - Explaining of the associated clinical features3 - Determine the effect of radiotherapy & chemotherapy on the patient’s outcome.Patients and methodsProspective study of CNS tumors started from the beginning of Jan 2016 to the end of Apr 2016. The patients were taken from the outpatient clinic of Oncology Teaching Hospital / Medical City in BaghdadAll patients (47) underwent surgery and the surgeons then sent them to our out patients clinic with their Histopathological reports seeking for further management.(42) Patients received Chemotherapy and/or Radiotherapy while the remaining (5) patients didn’t followed up after surgery because they didn’t attend to our out patients clinic according to their dates.The outcome of management was divided into : Good outcome, Fair outcome and Poor outcome.ResultsThe 5th decade is the most commonly involved age with male incidence more than females and the incidence is higher in the south of Iraq. There is little IIassociation of CNS tumors with family history and high association with environmental factors. Neurological deficit was the main chief compliant and headache was present in most of the patients at time of diagnosis. Frontal region was the commonest site for CNS tumors with size of 1 - 5cm and mostly associated with edema and +ve enhancement. Meningioma was the commonest histological type.Conclusions1 - There is a poor relationship between family history & CNS tumors2 - There is significant relationship between environmental factors & CNS tumors.3 - Headache is not the dominant chief compliant in compare with neurological deficit .4 - Total resection of the tumor followed by radio and/or chemotherapy has the best prognosis.Recommendations1 - Further researches with larger sample size to be collected from all oncology hospitals in Iraq are needed to generalize the results to national level .2 - Make the total resection of the brain tumor the aim of the surgeon because it is the golden stone in brain tumor management.3 - Use the new technique of radiotherapy like gamma knife and IMRT for the

تاثيرات الامراض المتزامنة على فاعلية المرض والحالة الوظيفية للمرضى المصابين بالتهاب الفقار المقسط == Comorbidities Effects on Disease Activity and Functional Status in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

اسم المؤلف: غسان مكي كاظم
اسم المشرف: نزار عبد اللطيف جاسم
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic, multisystem inflammatory disorder that primarily involving the sacroiliac joints and the axial skeleton and less frequently the peripheral joints, entheses as well as other extra - articular organs such as eyes, skin, and cardiovascular system.Patients with ankylosing spondylitis frequently suffer from comorbidities that may either be linked to the disease process, to the treatment, or may be an independent finding and they contribute to the burden of the disease.Objective : To evaluate the relative frequency of comorbidities in ankylosing spondylitis and their effects on disease activity and functional status. Patients and methods : A longitudinal study was conducted on (402) ankylosing spondylitis patients. Patients who had irregular registration were excluded.Demographic and clinical data were collected including age, sex, duration of disease, previous and current treatment, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index score (BASDAI) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index score (BASFI) were applied to all patients. All patients were asked to confirm the presence of any of five comorbidities which were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, peptic ulcer, heart failure and cerebrovascular accident, then presence of many of these comorbidities were confirmed by data from patient’s medical reports or physician prescriptions.Results : The most frequently reported comorbidity in the current study sample was hypertension(20.1%), Peptic ulcer is (17.2%), diabetes mellitus is (9.5%), heart failure and cerebrovascularVIaccident were very rare, accounting both for (2%) of all cases. At least one of these comorbidconditions was present in (30.6%) of cases.Presence of hypertension was associated with significant increase in BASDAI and BASFI at baseline. Additionally it was found that presence of any comorbid condition or multiple comorbidities was associated with higher mean BASDAI and BASFI. Presence of the remaining comorbidities had no significant differences.Hypertension is associated with a significantly higher mean reduction in BASDAI score after six months of biological treatment compared to those with no hypertension. Similarly the presence of any comorbid condition or multiple comorbid conditions are associated with significant mean reduction in BASDAI score after six months, The remaining comorbid conditions had no significant association with the mean change in BASDAI score.None of the tested comorbid conditions had an important or statistically significant association with the mean change in BASFI score after six months. Conclusions : Comorbidities are relatively frequent in ankylosing spondylitis and hypertension is the most common comorbid condition. Multiple comorbid conditions or hypertension with ankylosing spondylitis are associated with more active disease and functional impairment.

دراسة فاعلية وسلامة التغييرات المختبرية ومعلمات التنبؤ للاستجابة لعقار الاداليموماب في علاج المرضى المصابين بالتهاب الفقار المقسط النشط == Efficacy, Safety of Laboratory Changes and Predictors of Response to Adalimumab in Treatment of Patients with Active Ankylosing Spondylitis

اسم المؤلف: ليث محمود شاكر
اسم المشرف: خضير زغير معيوف البدري
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Ankylosing Spondylitis belongs to a family of rheumatic diseases known as spondyloarthritides that characteristically cause spinal joint inflammation and bony fusion of the spine. Ankylosing spondylitis is the prototype of the Spondyloarthritides and is typified by ankylosis of the axial skeleton.There is no cure for ankylosing spondylitis, although treatments and medications are available to reduce joints pain and stiffness with subsequent improvement in quality of life.Adalimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody of the Immunoglobulin G1isotype that neutralizes the biological function of tumor necrosis factor - α, has been used as effective treatment in ankylosing spondylitis in the last years.Objective : To assess the efficacy and safety of laboratory changes of Adalimumab in treatment of patients with active ankylosing spondylitis, as well as to assess the predictors of response to Adalimumab in treatment of patients with active ankylosing spondylitis.Patients and methods : An open labeled single group prospective study that was conducted over 17 months period on 61 Iraqi patients with ankylosing spondylitis diagnosed according to Modified New York criteria (1984) for diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis and ASAS classification criteria for axial SpA .All the patients included in the study were given Adalimumab vial at a dose of 40 mg by subcutaneous injection every other week. Each patient was followed at regular intervals of baseline, 3 months and 6 months for disease activity including Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and functional assessment including Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index and for laboratory changes in hemoglobin, white blood cell count, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea and serum creatinine . In addition, the study assessed eight different patients’ characteristics : age, gender, disease duration, human leukocyte antigensubtype B27, smoking, using steroids, using disease - modifying antirheumatic drugs (methotrexate, sulfasalazine), and drug history of using of other biological drugs (Etanercept, Infliximab) as predictors of response to Adalimumab treatment.Results : Data analysis showed that Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index 50% response rate was 59% after three month of treatment and reached to 85.6% after six months of treatment, the analysis also showed that the age and a positive history of using other biologic agents as apart from ( gender, disease duration, human leukocyte antigensubtype B27, smoking status , using steroids, and disease - modifying anti rheumatic drugs ) had a statistically significant association with reduced response to treatment, for each one year increase in age, the risk of being a respondent is decreased by 4% (P=0.026), and a positive history of using biologic agents is associated with decrease in the risk of being a respondent by 2.5 times (P=0.016) , all the variables were statistically significant effect on treatment and were evaluated as a strong effect (Cohen’s d>0.8). In Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index ≥5 group, data analysis showed that their is statistically significant reduction by a mean of 2 units after three months of treatment and reached to a mean of 2.5 units after six months of treatment, the data analysis showed that increase age and a positive human leukocyte antigen - subtype B27 had a statistically significant association with reduced response to treatment, all the variables were statistically significant effects on treatment and were evaluated as a strong effect (Cohen’s d>0.8).In Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index ˂5 group, data analysis showed that their is statistically insignificant reduction in the score of by a mean of 0.5 units after three months, and 0.6 units after six months of treatment, all the variables were statistically insignificant effects on treatment and were evaluated as a weak to moderate effect.The treatment effect of Adalimumab was evaluated as a moderately strong reduction in white blood cell count (Cohen’s d=0.43). While treatment effect on (hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea and serum creatinine) was evaluated as week effects (Cohen’s d<0.3).Conclusion : Adalimumab drug is effective and relatively safe in treatment of patients with active ankylosing spondylitis. Increase in age, positive history of using of other biological drugs (Etanercept, Infliximab) and positive human leukocyte antigen - subtype B27 had significant correlation with reduced response to treatment.

جدوى قياس سرعة الانتشار في الشريان الابهر النازل كمعيار تنبؤي لامراض الشرايين التاجيه في اثنين من مراكز القلب في بغداد == The Value of Measuring Propagation Velocity Of The Descending Aorta as Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease in Two Cardiac Centers in Baghdad

اسم المؤلف: دنيا حامد كاظم
اسم المشرف: امال نوري المراياتي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: صدى القلب
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Elastic properties of the aorta affect the left ventricular function and epicardial arteries blood flow. Thats why several parameters are used to assess those properties in order to predict the likelihood of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Those parameters include aortic strain, aortic distensibility and early diastolic velocity of the anterior aortic wall.Objectives : Testing the value of aortic propagation velocity as a parameter of aortic stiffness in predicting coronary artery disease. The strength of this parameter in predicting the number of affected coronary arteries is also assessed.st of August 2015 to the 1 st Study population and methodology : From the 1 of July 2016, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 120 patients were included in this comparative multi - center study. They were assessed for demographic criteria and risk factor profiles. Trans thoracic echocardiographic examination was done, all the needed measurements were obtained as well as measuring the carotid intima media thickness by Doppler, then the results of their coronary angiography were revised, 60 patients were included in the coronary artery disease group and another 60 in the non - coronary artery disease group.Results : Aortic propagation velocity was found to be related to the aortic distensibility, strain, early diastolic anterior aortic wall velocity and the overall carotid intima media thickness to a statistically significant level (r=+0.481, p<0.001; r=+0.548, p<0.001; r=+0.595, p<0.001; r= - 0.361, p<o.oo1 respectively). It was found that aortic propagation velocity predicts coronary artery disease (p<0.001) and correlates with the number of affected coronary arteries (r= - 0.711, p<0.001).Conclusion : Aortic propagation velocity is an easily applied echocardiographic parameter of aortic stiffness that can predict coronary artery disease caused by vascular atherosclerosis in a non - invasive way. It also correlates with the number of the affected coronary arteries.

معرفة ومواقف النساء الحوامل حول طرق الولادة == Knowledge and Attitudes of Pregnant Women towards mode of Delivery In Baghdad Teaching Hospital - 2016

اسم المؤلف: هند عامر ناهي الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: نادية عزيز ناصر
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: طب العائلة
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Delivery is one of the most important issues for human being and generation in the world. The process through which childbirth naturally occurs is called natural vaginal delivery. Caesarean is delivery of child through incisions in abdominal wall (Laparotomy) or uterus (Histrotomy).Aim of the study : To assess the knowledge, attitude of pregnant women and the associated factors with attitude towards the mode of delivery.Patients and method : A cross sectional study conducted in prenatal clinic in Baghdad teaching hospital for four months duration from the 1st of Feb. 2016 to the end of the May 2016.Results : A total of 300 pregnant women were included in present study with mean age as 28.3±9.8 years; Most of studied women were housewives. More than half of pregnant women (54.3%) married at younger age. The information of pregnant women about delivery modes were obtained mainly from social relationships (82.6). Half of pregnant women had good knowledge of delivery modes, 90.3% of them had good attitude toward normal vaginal delivery, 51.3% of them had poor attitude toward cesarean section .A significant association was observed between older age women and poor knowledge of them regarding delivery modes (p=0.01). There was a significant association between employed women and good knowledge score.Conclusion : The knowledge of pregnant women regarding vaginal delivery was relatively low and the attitude was high, while their attitude toward cesarean section was low. The main associated factors for women's knowledge were women's age, job, educational level, husband's age and abortion history and the main factors for women's attitude were women's age, educational level of women and their husbands and history of previous cesarean section.

المعرفة والمواقف حول اجهزة منع الحمل داخل الرحم بين عينة من النساء في بغداد == KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE CONCERNING INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE AMONG A SAMPLE OF WOMEN IN BAGHDAD

اسم المؤلف: ميرفت عبد علي عبد الوهاب
اسم المشرف: بتول علي غالب ياسين
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: طب العائلة
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Although intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is the most widely used of long acting reversible method of fertility regulation in the world today, only 10% of Iraqi women aged 15 to 44 were using IUCD in 2011..Objective : To assess the knowledge and attitude towards intrauterine contraceptive device among women in reproductive age in Baghdad city, and to identify the effect of certain factors on their knowledge and attitude.Methods : A cross sectional study was conducted in Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Al - Shaheed Abdul - Sahib Dakhil PHCC. Any woman aged (15 - 45 years) who agreed to participate was included in the study. Data was collected through direct interview with the participants and the scores of knowledge were classified into : Good, fair and poor for knowledge and positive, neutral and negative for attitude.Results : Assessing the knowledge and attitude of the 301 participants revealed that 97.3% knew what IUCD is and 96.6% were aware of the aim of using the Copper IUCD, 42.8% were aware of its side effects, whereas only 5.9% of them were aware of the types, 13.9% aware of complications and 3.3% aware of who is eligible for using IUCD. In spite of this only 1.0 % of the participants got good knowledge score and 76.1 % got poor scores. Regarding attitude 15.0% had a positive attitude toward the use of IUCD.Knowledge scores of the respondents increased with increasing age (p<0.001), level of education (P = 0.026), being married (P=0.008),number of children (P<0.001) and history of previous abortions (P=0.04). Friends, neighbors and relatives were the main source of knowledge (77.4 %(.Conclusions : Most of participants were with poor knowledge score and the main source of them were friends, neighbors and relatives.Attitude score of Less than one - fifth of them was positive

انواع الرضاعة والاستجابة للعلاج الضوئي كعلاج للاطفال حديثي الولادة المصابين بمرض اليرقان الغير مباشر في المستشفيات التعليمية في بغداد == Types of Infant Feeding and Response to Phototherapy as a Treatment for Fullterm Newborns with Neonatal Indirect Hyperbilirubinemia in Tertiary Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad

اسم المؤلف: شيماء خضير عباس
اسم المشرف: احمد سمير النعيمي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: طب العائلة
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Neonatal jaundice remains the most common and the most controversial problem in full - term newborns during the immediate postnatal period.Aim of the study : To assess the association between types of feeding and response to phototherapy in full - term infants with indirect hyperbilirubinemia.Method : In the period from the 25th of January to the 22th of July 2016, 120 full - term newborns admitted to the neonatal care unit in Tertiary Teaching Hospitals (Pediatric Teaching Hospital in medical city, AI - Imamein Al - Kadhimein medical city and Child Center Teaching Hospital) were studied by cohort study. The newborns diagnosed by pediatrician as cases of indirect hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy started when TSB level>14.9 mg/dl. TSB was measured twice daily and phototherapy terminated when TSB level< 10.8 mg/dl. All infants were weighed at start and end of phototherapy. The duration of phototherapy had been recorded.Results : The infants divided into three groups according to type of feeding; group1, Breast - fed infants (n=37); group2, Formula - fed infants (n=51); group3, Mixed - fed infants (n=32).Phototherapy was highly effective in reducing serum bilirubin concentration in all of three groups but with a significant less efficacy for breast - fed neonates ( mean duration of phototherapy 32.2± 2.1 hrs) in comparison to mix - fed neonates (30.4 ± 2.5 hrs) and formula - fed neonates (29.9± 2.7 hrs).There was a weight loss during phototherapy. There was significant difference in the weight loss in the three groups, the more weight loss in breast - fed neonates than mixed - fed and formula - fed neonates. Conclusion and recommendations : Phototherapy had effectively reduced bilirubin levels in breast - fed newborns with hyperbilirubinemia, but these patients showed a significantly slower response to this modality of treatment than mixed and formula - fed newborns. Therefore; in breast - fed infants with severe jaundice that requires phototherapy, the addition of formula - feeding will enhance the response to phototherapy without any interruption of breastfeeding.

كثافة معدن العظم لدى عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بمرض التصلب المجموعي == Bone Mineral Density in a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Systemic Sclerosis

اسم المؤلف: حسين جفات هايت
اسم المشرف: محمد هادي العصامي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Back ground : Systemic sclerosis is a chronic connective tissue disease.Low bone mineral density may be one of the complications that occur inpatients with this disease due to disease chronicity and the presence ofmultiple secondary risk factors for osteoporosis.Objective : to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) in patients withsystemic sclerosis and to determine associated risk factors.Methods : In this case - control study, a 37 patients with systemic sclerosisand 61 ages - and sex - matched healthy controls were included. Allpatients had to fulfill the American College of Rheumatology criteria1980 or the American College of Rheumatology/European LeagueAgainst Rheumatism for the classification of systemic sclerosis 2013 toestablish the diagnosis. Exclusion criteria include any other chronic orconnective tissue diseases, all patients who have been on steroids,medications for treating osteoporosis, or other therapies that couldinfluence bone metabolism.Clinical examination was carried out to determine the diseasesubtypes according to skin involvement (limited and diffuse SSc), andpatients were assessed clinically and functionally with Health AssessmentQuestionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ - DI). BMD was measured atlumbar spine (L1 - L4) and the femoral neck .The measurement wasperformed using the dual energy X - ray absorptiometry (DXA) machine(Stratus). The results expressed in gm/cm2, and then compared accordingto age, and body mass index (BMI), disease duration, disease subtype(limited and diffuse) and to menopausal state.Results : The mean age of cases and controls was 37.5 ±9.4 and 38.2 ±7.4years old respectively, small proportion of males in patients and controlgroups (10.8% and 16.4% respectively),20 patients (54.1%) had limitedVIItype and 17 patients had diffuse type, 24.3% of cases with long diseaseduration (> 10 years) while18.9% with a short duration (<5years) and themajority 56.8% within 5 - 10 years. Osteoporosis was detected assignificant in lumbar spine (p=0.003) and in femoral neck (P = ˂ 0.001)with the T - score, also with Z - score was (P =0.007 and P =0.004respectively). Factors such as disability and severity of organinvolvement (HAQ - DI), age, menopausal status and BMI showcorrelation with BMD value, but the correlation did not reach astatistically significant level. No important or statistically significantassociation between BMD and the disease patterns, or treatment used(cyclophosphamide, mycophenilate and azathioprine).Conclusions : the BMD of the femoral neck and lumbar spine wassignificantly lower in patients with systemic sclerosis than in the healthycontrol.

قيمة تتبع للرقطي الطولي في الكشف عن الخلل الانقباضي للبطين الايسر لمرضى ارتفاع ضغط الدم مع مقياس الجزء الانقباضي الطبيعي == The Value of Speckle - Tracking Strain Echocardiography For Detection of Subclinical Left Ventricle Systolic Dysfunction In Hypertensive Patients With Normal Ejection Fraction

اسم المؤلف: بان صباح نوري
اسم المشرف: حسن علي الفرحان
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: صدى القلب
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in the world and can cause many structural and functional cardiac abnormalities. One of these changes is left ventricular systolic dysfunction which may not be detected by conventional echocardiographic parameters and need to use a new modality of two dimensional speckle tracking strain for early detection and improvement of prognosis Objectives : Assessment of left ventricle systolic function in hypertensive patients with normal ejection fraction using two dimensional speckle - tracking stain and its role as early predictor of subclinical dysfunction Patients and methods : This was a comparative observational study of two groups of individuals : (100)hypertensive patients and (50) normotensive subjects were enrolled in the study which take place at Ibn Al - Bittar Teaching Hospital from September 2015 to August 2016. Both the conventional echocardiographic parameters (ejection fraction, left ventricular mass and relative wall thickness, diastolic function and mitral annular plane systolic excursion) and speckle tacking longitudinal strain done for the patients. Results : Hypertensive patients with mean age (53.6 ± 5.37), males were (56%) and females were (44%),two dimensional speckle strain showed no significant differences between normotensive ( - 21.1 ± 2.5%) and hypertensive ( - 19.2 ± 3.9%) groups.Applying Cut off value of ( - 17.5%), it was found that 21% of hypertensive patient were present with undetected left ventricular systolic dysfunction even with preserved ejection fraction Global longitudinal strain was reduced significantly in those with concentric left ventricle hypertrophy ( - 18.2 ± 3.5%, p value=0.02),elevated in left ventricular end diastolic pressure ( - 14.8 ± 1.6% , p - value= 0.002) and reduced mitral annular plane systolic excursion ( - 14.8 ± 1.6%, p - value=0.008) Conclusion : Speckle tracking stain is a useful tool in the early detection of subtle left ventricular systolic dysfunction in a group of hypertensive patients with preserved ejection fraction and in whom more aggressive interventions could have a significant impact on prognosis.

كفاءة استعمال الشريط العلاجي لعلاج الفصال العظمي في مفصل الركبة دراسة عشوائية مسيطر عليها == Efficacy of Knee Tape in Management of Knee Osteoarthritis : Randomized Controlled Trail

اسم المؤلف: رشا كاظم حسوني
اسم المشرف: سامي سلمان شهاب
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الفصال العظمي هو اضطراب تنكسي مزمن متعدد الاسباب ، يمتاز باضمحلال الغضروف المفصلي. الفصال العظمي هو سبب رئيسي للالم والاعاقه عند كبار السن على نطاق عالمي . في غضون ذلك تم احراز تقدم محدود باتجاه علاج المرض,معالجة الاعراض هو الركن الاساسي في العلاج. من المهم توفيرعلاجات بسيطه وغير مكلفه التي تزيد من تشكيلة الخيارات للمرضى.الهدف : لفحص تاثير استخدام الشريط العلاجي للركبه في تحسين الالم ، والوظيفة البدنية في مرضى الفصال العظمي للركبة وان الفائده تستمر حتى بعد ايقاف العلاج.المرضى والطرق : الدراسة هي عشوائية متحكم بها, شملت 170 مريضا والذين يعانون مرض فصال الركبة الاولي حسب الكلية الامريكية لامراض المفاصل.تم توزيعهم عشوائيا على ثلاثة مجاميع .تلقت المجموعة الاولى الشريط العلاجي , وتلقت المجموعة الثانية الشريط المتحكم به,وجموعة بدون شريط. كان المقياس لمدى الفعالية للعلاج هو التغير الحاصل في مؤشر فصال العظام لجامعات ماكماستر واونتاريو الغربية (وماك ) (WOMAC ) شاملا الالم، التيبس والوظيفة البدنية.النتائج : وجدت الدراسة ان هناك انخفاضا واضحا ذو دلالة احصائيه في مؤشر الالم ,التيبس ,الوظيفة البدنية عند الزيارة الثانية (3اسابيع من النظام العلاجي) في مجموعة الشريط العلاجي والشريط المتحكم به هو اكبر مما هو بالنسبه لمجوعه بدون شريط.لوحظ عند الزيارة الثالثة بعد مرور 3 اسابيع على قطع العلاج ان مؤشرات الالم ،التيبس ، الوظيفة بقيت تقريبا مقاربه للزياره الثانيه لدى مرضى المجموعة الاولى بينما كان النقصان طفيف في المجموعة الثانية .الفائده للشريط امتدت لثلاثة اسابيع بعد توقف العلاج. الاستنتاجات : الشريط العلاجي كانت طريقه فعالة في تحسين الاعراض لدى مرضى الفصال العظمي لمفصل الركبة فيما يتعلق بالالم، التيبس | Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease of multifactorial etiology described by loss of articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis is a leading cause of pain and disability in elderly people worldwide. Meanwhile limited progress has been made towards curing the disease, management of symptoms is the mainstay of treatment. Simple, inexpensive treatments that increase the range of options for patients with the disease are necessary.Aim of the studyTo test the suggestions that therapeutic taping of the knee improves pain and disability in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and that benefits remain after stopping treatment.Patients and methodsA randomized, control study included 170 patients were diagnosed to have knee OA according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for classification of (KOA).Patients were randomly allocated to receive e either therapeutic tape, control tape, or no tape. The efficacy outcome measure was the change in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) including the pain, stiffness and physical function subscales.ResultsSignificant reduction in the pain, stiffness , physical function in the 2nd visit (after 3 weeks of treatment regimen) (P<0.001) in tape group and control group (p=0.003) than no tape group (p=0.056).At the third visit 3weeks after cessation of treatment these scores remain to approximate the 2nd visit value in tape group , while slightly decreased in control group. Benefits of therapeutic tape were maintained three weeks after stopping treatment.ConclusionTherapeutic knee taping is an efficacious treatment for the management of pain and disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis

دراسة فاعلية وسلامة ومعلمات التنبؤ للاستجابة لعقار الريتوكسيماب في علاج المرضى العراقيين المصابين بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي النشط == Efficacy, Safety and Predictors of Response To Rituximab in Treatment of Iraqi Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis

اسم المؤلف: سارة طارق عبد العزيز
اسم المشرف: سامي سلمان شهاب
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: دراسة فاعلية وسلامة ومعلمات التنبؤ للاستجابة لعقار الريتوكسيماب في المرضى العراقيين المصابين بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي النشططريقة البحثتمت دراسة 65 مريضا عراقيا خلال فترة 12 شهرا وتم استخدام طريقة معايير الكلية الامريكية لامراض الروماتزم لتصنيف التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي النشط لتشخيص المرض ACR. اعطي كل المرضى 4 جرعات ريتوكسيماب في الوريد على مدى 6 اشهر 1غرام/ الجرعة. وتمت متابعة كل مريض في كل زيارة لتقييم نشاط المرض بما في ذلك مؤشر الامراض السريرية اخر (CDAI) والدرجة الوظيفية(FC). كما تم تقييم 9 من الخصائص المختلفة للمرضى (العمر، الجنس، مدة المرض، ووجود عامل الروماتويد، ووجود ACPA، حالة التدخين، واستخدام السابق لblocker TNF ، واستخدام الميثوتريكسيت ومؤشر كتلة الجسم) كعلامات تنبئ محتملة لاستجابتهم لعقار الريتوكسيماب.النتائج : واظهر تحليل البيانات تحسنا ملحوظا في نشاط المرض CDAI) (P = 0.005))والعجز الوظيفي (P = 0.001)، ومستوى الهيموغلوبين (p=0.005) وESR p=0.005)) مع استخدام ريتوكسيماب اكثر من 6 اشهر. واظهر التحليل ايضا ان التدخين له علاقة سلبية مع الاستجابة للعلاج (p=0.005). واعتبر استجابة افضل في مجموعة المرضى الحاملين للعامل الرماتويدي في الدم.و كانت المتغيرات الاخرى ليس لها اثار على الاستجابة للعلاج.مجموعة المرضى الذين تحولوا من TNF - blocker للريتوكسيماب كانت (29)، وكانت مجموعة المرضى الذين بداؤ علاج الريتوكسيماب (36) (اما بسبب وجود التدرن لديهم(موجب للPPD ) او عدم توفر العلاجات البايولوجية الاخرى. وتظهر النتائج نفس فاعلية الريتوكسيماب في كلا المجموعتين (P> 0.05).الاستنتاج : 1.الريتوكسيماب علاج فعال سواء سريريا، وظيفيا ومختبريا وامن في علاج المرضى الذين يعانون من التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي النشط. 2.التدخين له علاقة سلبية مع الاستجابة للعلاج.3. الاستجابة افضل في مجموعة المرضى ذووي العامل الروماتويدي الموجب في الدم. | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic disease that primarily targets the synovium, leading to synovial inflammation and proliferation, loss of articular cartilage, and erosion of juxtarticular bone. The natural history of the disease is one of progressive joint damage and deformity and, in a minority, the development of extra - articular manifestations, and premature death. RA follows a disease course of remissions and exacerbations. Rituximab (RTX) is an anti - CD20 chimeric monoclonal antibody which effectively deplete B cells and is used for treating rheumatoid arthritis.Objectives Aim of the study is to assess the efficacy and safety of rituximab (RTX) in Iraqi patients with active RA and to assess the predictors of response to RTX in treatment of Iraqi patients with active RA.Patients and methods An open labeled single group longitudinal study that was conducted over 13 months on 65 patients with RA diagnosed according to 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. All patients were given 4 doses RTX by intravenous infusion over 6 months 1gm/dose. Each patient was followed at each visit for disease activity including Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and functional class (F Class). Also we assess 9 different patients’ characteristics (age, gender, disease duration, the presence of RF, presence of ACPA, smoking status, previous use of TNF - blocker, the use of methotrexate and BMI) as predictors to RTX .Results : Data analysis showed significant improvement in disease activity (CDAI) (P=0.005) and functional disability (P=0.001), Hb level (p= 0.005) and ESR (P=0.005) with RTX use over 6 months. The analysis also showed that smoking has a negative correlation with response to treatment (p= 0.005). Better response was seen in RF positive group. The other variables had no effects on the response to treatment. The patients who switched from TNF - blocker were (29), the patients who started on RTX were 36 (either due to positive PPD or unavailability of either due to positive Purified Protein Derivative of tuberculin test PPD or TNF - blocker ), result show same RTX efficacy in both groups.Conclusion : * RTX is effective both clinically CDAI (0.005), functionally F Class (0.005) and in lab. measures (ESR (0.005)) . * It is more effective in patients who are not smokers (0.005). * RXT was more effective in those who are seropositive for RF. * RTX safe with few side effects, tolerable by most patients. Most common side effect is transfusion reaction in form of sore throat (17 pt.) * Hb. Level increased significantly with the treatment (p= 0.005

تقييم تغيرات جين Topoisomerase II alpha بواسطة التهجين الموضعي الصبغي وعلاقته بمستقبل الاستروجين ER ومستقبل البروجستيرون PR ومعلم ki - وher2/neu67 في سرطان الثدي عند الانسان == Evaluation of Topoisomerase II alpha Gene Alterations by Chromogenic in situ Hybridization in Correlation with ER, PR, HER2/neu, and Ki?67 in Human Breast Cancer

اسم المؤلف: رشا عبد الرؤوف نعمة الصافي
اسم المشرف: منال عدنان حبيب | ساهرة عبود علي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض النسيجية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Breast cancer is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous disease,Characterized by dys - regulation of multiple cellular pathways anddifferent sensitivities and responses to treatment. There is high tendencythat all diagnosed breast cancers should be tested for her2/neu oncogeneamplification with an in situ hybridization tests for further evaluation ofan equivocal cases (2+) detected by immunostaining.Topoisomerase II alpha gene is located on chromosome 17 adjacent toher2/neu gene, and Topoisomerase II alpha gene is responsible for codingtopoisomerases enzymes that modulate the topology of DNA duringcellular proliferative process. Topoisomerase II alpha is a moleculartarget for some important anticancer drugs, including anthracyclines,which are the key chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of breastcancer.Fluorescent In situ hybridization is widely used technique in clinicaldiagnoses to identify oncogene amplification and chromosomaltranslocation in the cellular genome. Recently it was stated thatchromogenic in situ hybridization is regarded as a good alternative forfluorescent in Situ hybridization. Dual color - chromogenic in situhybridization combines the advantages of both FISH and CISH andallows the assessment of ratio of gene copy number to the chromosomalcentromere along with proper histopathological examination and the easeof bright - field microscopy.VIThe aim of the study is to evaluate Topoisomerase II alpha geneamplification and deletion by dual color chromogenic in situ hybridization in females with invasive breast cancer and to correlate Topoisomerase II alpha gene status with her2/neu, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and ki - 67 index and to detect the elation of Topoisomerase II alpha gene with clinico - pathological parameters like age, histological types, stage, grade and lymph node involvement in females with breast cancer.This study was done from July 2014 to February 2015. Females diagnosed to have invasive breast carcinoma reaching Oncology hospital in Baghdad Medical City were enrolled in the study. All females have been experienced modified radical mastectomy with axillary clearance. Immunohistochemical study for Estrogen receptor; Progesterone receptor; Her2/neu and Ki67 were done for their tissue blocks. Patients with Her2/neu equivocal (score 2+) and strong positive her2/neu (score 3+) were selected forming seventy five cases. Dual color chromogenic in situ hybridization was done in central public health laboratory/Baghdad for all cases for evaluation of topoisomerase 2 alpha gene and for further evaluation of her/neu in equivocal cases. Just 53 cases were successfully hybridized and enrolled in the study by applying Her2/neu and Topoisomerase II alpha genes probes. There was no topoisomerase II alpha gene deletion. No significant statistical relationship between topoisomerase alpha gene amplification and age, histological types of breast cancer, stage and lymph nodes while the relation was significant with the grades of breast cancer in that the highest level of gene amplification was in grade III detected in 9 (64.3%) of cases.There was a significant negative relationship between topoisomerase II alpha gene and hormone receptors (estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor) as the highest gene amplification was detected in hormone negative cases. The relation of topoisomerase II alpha gene with ki - 67 was not significant. After Chromogenic in Situ Hybridization study 12 (44.4%) out of 27 equivocal cases show her2/neu gene amplification as 4 (14.8%) cases and 8(29.6%) for high and low her2/neu gene amplification respectively.Accordingly the amplified cases of her2/neu gene were gathered with the strongly positive her2/neu cases from immunohistochemistry to form 38 (71.7%) out of 53 cases which representing the first group of total positive her2/neu cases out of total 53 cases. The second negative her2/neu group of 15 / 53 cases representing cases which were resulted from Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization study.The relation between topoisomerase II alpha gene and her2/neu gene was statistically significant in that 50% of her2/neu amplified cases show topoisomerase II alpha gene amplification (co - amplification). Thirty nine percent 39% of total positive 38 cases show Topoisomerase 2 alpha gene co - amplification, from these 11/ 28.9% cases show high level of amplification. .So a significant positive correlation of topoisomerase 2 alpha gene with her2/neu and its negative correlation with estrogen and progesterone receptors may indicate that it could be considered as a bad prognostic factor.

تقييم تضييق الصمام التاجي باستخدام طريقة PISA للمرضى العراقيين بواسطة الايكو == Assessment of Mitral Valve stenosis by Simplifying proximal Isovelocity surface area in Iraqi Patients by Trans thoracic Echocardiography

اسم المؤلف: محمد جاسم حتروش
اسم المشرف: غازي فرحان حاجي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: صدى القلب
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Mitral Stenosis refers to narrowing of the mitral valve orifice, resulting in impairment of filling of the left ventricle in diastole. It is usually caused by rheumatic heart disease. Proximal isovelocity surface area measurement, also known as the “flow convergence” method, can be used in Transthoracic Echocardiography to estimate the area of an orifice through which blood flows.Objectives : To compare simple PISA equation, created by combined fixing the angle to 1000 and the Val to 33 cm/s, with mitral valve area measured by pressure half time and planimetry which was taken as reference method.Patients and Methods : A cross sectional prospective study was conducted in multi teaching centers (Baghdad teaching hospital, Ibin AL Nafees hospital, Ibn AL Bitar hospital and Ghazi AL Harriry teaching hospital) from the June 2015 to the June 2016. 104 patients were enrolled in this study, 41 were excluded from the study (patients with mild mitral stenosis, with aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation and those with poor window were excluded from the study). Transthoracic echocardiographic examination include para sternal long axis, apical four chamber and parasternal short axis view were used to analyze parameters were selected by M - mode, 2D, and pulse doppler Results : There were 63 patients enrolled in this study with a mean age of 45.4 ± 7.1years, (23.8%) of them within the age group 30 - 39 years and the remaining (76.2%) were > 40 years. Female patients were the dominant represented 73.0% while male were 7.0% of the studied group (female : male ratio was 3 : 1); (61.9%) were in sinus rhythm and (38.1%) in atrial fibrillation. 58.7% of the patients are with Wilkin's score less than8, the mean mitral valve area according to planimetry method was (1.14 ± 0.32) cm2 and it was (1.12 ± 0.28) cm2 by PISA while the mean mitral valve area by pressure half time method was (1.19 ± 0.30) cm2. The agreement between PISA and planimetry revealed that PISA had good agreement with planimetry in diagnosis of mitral stenosis, (kappa= 0.835, P< 0.001). On the other hand, there was a fair significant agreement between pressure half time and planimetry.Conclusions : PISA method can effectively predict mitral valve area and severity of mitral stenosis by the equation; mitral valve area = 115 _ r2/Vmax, Provided that aliasing velocity is fixed at 33 cm/s, with the advantage of easy calculation over other methods used to evaluate mitral valve area by Trans thoracic Echocardiography.

مدى شيوع مرض السمنة والعوامل المرتبطة به بين طلبة جامعة ذي قار وكلية مزايا للعام الدراسي 2016 == Prevalence of Obesity and its associated factors Among Thi - Qar University and Mazaya college Students,2016

اسم المؤلف: Alaa Jassim Mohammod
اسم المشرف: Dheyaa k. Al - Omar
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: طب المجتمع
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة ذي قار - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: خلفية البحث : ان معدل انتشار السمنة يزداد في البلدان النامية ودول العلم الثالث .و السمنة هي احدى عوامل الخطر الرئيسية لعدد من الامراض المزمنة كالسكر وارتفاع ضغط الدم وامراض القلب ، ولذلك تعتبر من مشاكل الصحة العامة الرئيسية .الهدف : دراسة معدل انتشار السمنة والعوامل المرتبطة بها بين طلبة الجامعات في محافظة ذي قار . كذلك دراسة الانماط والعادات الغذائية بينهم.اشخاص وطريقة الدراسة : بدات هذه الدراسة المقطعية في الاول من نيسان وانتهت في العاشر من شهر ايار2016، تم من خلالها دراسة مجموعة تتكون من 841طالب وطالبة (358 و456 على التوالي ) بعمر 18 - 36 سنة (بمعدل7. 21 +2.3 سنة ) اختيروا بشكل عشوائي طلبة جامعة ذي قار الحكومية وكلية مزايا الاهلية . شملت استمارة الاستبيان معلومات عن العمر ،الجنس،عدد افراد الاسرة ،الدخل الشهري للاسرة ،المستوى التعليمي للابوين ،السكن ،عدد ساعات النوم خلال اليوم ، وسيلة المجيئ للكلية ،نوع النشاط الممارس اثناء اوقات الفراغ ،العادات الغذائية وقائمة تحتوي انواع مختلفة من الاطعمة ، تم قياس الوزن ،الطول ،محيط الخصر، ودليل كتلة الجسم لتقييم الحالة التغذوية . تم تحليل البيانات باستعمال الرزمة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (اس بي اس اس )النسخة 23 اعتبرت قيمة p اصغر من 0.05 ذات قيمة معنوية احصائيا .النتائج : كان معدل كتلة الجسم للطلبة24.17+4.0 كغم /م 2 وكان اكثر من نصفهم من (59.2) من ذوي الوزن الطبيعي (63.8 %من الطلاب و55.2 %من الطالبات ) ، بينما كان معدل انتشار زيادة الوزن وكذلك السمنة بينهم 28.3 % و8.1 % على التوالي . كان معدل انتشار السمنة متقاربا بين الذكور والاناث ، بينما كان معدل انتشار زيادة الوزن اكثر شيوعا بين الطالبات مقارنة بالطلاب (32 %مقابل 23.1 % على التوالي ).كان معدل انتشار قلة الوزن اكثر شيوعا بين الطلاب مقارنة بالطالبات (5.1 %من الطلاب مقابل 3.7 % من الطالبات ) .اعتمادا على محيط الخصر كان 3 % من الذكور و18 % من الاناث اكثر عرضة لخطر الاصابة بالامراض المصاحبة للسمنة .كان معدل انتشار السمنة ومحيط الخصر اعلى لدى الطلبة الذين تتجاوز اعمارهم السادسة والعشرين وكذلك الطلبة من ذوي الاسر التي لاتتجاوز اعداد افرادها الست اشخاص(p<.05) لكلا المتغيرين . نسبيا ، هناك نسبة عالية نسبيا (42.7 %من الطلاب و35.8 % من الطالبات )يقضون اكثر من ساعتين في اليوم امام شاشات الحاسوب . الطالبات اقل نشاطا وحركة من الطلاب (p<.05) نسبة عالية من الطلاب والطالبات لا يتناولون وجبة الافطار والحليب وكذلك الخضروات والفواكه يوميا .الاستنتاجات : تدعم هذه الدراسة بانه هناك عوامل متعددة مسببة للسمنة . واظهرت ان العمر والاسر المكونة من اقل من ستة اشخاص من عوامل الخطر . | Background : The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing in both developed and developing countries. Obesity is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension and ischemic heart diseases, so it is considered a major Public health problem. Objectives : to study the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among Thi - Qar university students. Dietary habit and food consumption pattern are also assessed.Subjects and methods : A cross sectional study started from 1st of April 2016 - 10th of May 2016, A total of 841 students (358 were males and 456 were females) between 18 years and 36 years of age (mean 21.7 ± 2.3years) were selected randomly from 24 colleges of both Thi - Qar and Mazaya private college. A questionnaire was distributed to each participant : Age, gender, family member numbers, monthly family income, level of parent educations, residency, time of sleep per night, types of activity during leisure times, dietary habit and different food items were considered, Height, weight and waist circumference were measured and BMI was calculated and used to assess weight status. The data were analyzed by using SPSS. p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results : The mean BMI was 24.17 ± 4.0 kg/m2; more than half (59.2%) of students were of normal weight (63.8% of male students and 55.2% of female students); whereas the prevalence of overweight and that of obesity among them was 28.3% and 8.1% respectively. The prevalence of obesity was nearly similar for both male and female students, while the prevalence of overweight was more common among female’s students than among males (32 %of females vs. 23.1% of males). The prevalence of underweight was more common among male than female students (5.1 % of male vs. 3.7 % of female). Depending on their waist circumference 3% of male and 18 % of female students were at a higher risk of developing abdominal obesity co morbidities. There was a significant higher prevalence of obesity and mean waist circumference within students of more than 26 years old aged and of less than 6 household family number (p < .05 for both variables).A relatively high proportion (42.7 % for males and 35.8 % for females) spend more than two hours on screen time daily. Females were significantly (p< .05) much less physically active than males. A high proportion of students (male and female) didn’t have a daily intake of breakfast, milk vegetable or fruitConclusion : The prevalence of obesity and overweight were more than the obesity reported among university students in previous local studies in Iraq, however it still lower than obesity and overweight reported among the university students of the neighborhood countries. The study supports the multi factorial etiology of obesity; it demonstrates that age, parent’s education and household number are risk factors. The study also shows high prevalence of sedentary behaviors, physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary habit among Thi - Qar university students.Recommendation : the study results mandate the need for public health strategies to prevent overweight and obesity and adopt a healthy dietary habit and life style.Key word : Prevalence, Obesity, Overweight, Cross sectional study, Dietary habit, Life style.Abbreviations : WHO, World Health Organization; BMI, body mass index; SPSS, Statistical Package for Social Sciences.

مدى انتشار الامراض غير الانتقالية بين الناس المسنين في مدينة الناصرية 2015 : دراسة مسحية سكانية == Prevalence and patterns of non - communicable diseases among a geriatric population in Al - Nasiriya city 2015

اسم المؤلف: رحيم نايف ناصر
اسم المشرف: علي عبد سعدون الغزي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: طب المجتمع
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة ذي قار - كلية الطب - قسم طب الاسرة والمجتمع
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: دراسة مدى انتشارالامراض المزمنة غير الانتقالية بين الناس المسنين في مدينة الناصرية وتقييم الوضع الصحي العام لهم وتقييم خدمات الرعاية الصحية المقدمة لهذه الفئة من السكان.المواد والاساليب : دراسة مقطعية وصفية وتحليلية من خلال اجراء المسح السكاني للعوائل في بعض الاحياء السكنية. اجريت هذه الدراسة في منطقة حضرية جغرافيا من مدينة الناصرية التي تبعد عن العاصمة بغداد 360 كم جنوبا. تمت الدراسة خلال فترة امتدت اكثر من سنة (من 1 ايلول 2015 الى نهاية شهر تشرين الاول 2016). تم جمع البيانات من عينة تمثيلية من 423 من الاشخاص الذين تتراوح اعمارهم من 60 سنة فما فوق ومن خلال اخذ عينات متعددة المراحل (عنقودية).النتائج : كان معدل انتشار الامراض المزمنة غير الانتقالية بنسبة 89.8% بين الاشخاص المسنين، وفي مقدمتها الحالات الخمسة التالية : ارتفاع ضغط الدم (67%)، مرض السكري (31,2%)، امراض العظام والعضلات (15,4%)، امراض القلب (11,1%)، اعتام عدسة العين (12,8%) وكان انتشار مرضين او اكثر في ان واحد بمعدل 59%.اما اعراض ومشاكل الشيخوخة الرئيسية فكانت : مشاكل في الرؤيا (77,8%), الشعور بالحزن او الاكتئاب (36,4%)، مشاكل السمع (31,7%)، السقوط (30%), مشاكل في الذاكرة (22,9%)، والاعراض البولية (11,1%).اثبتت هذه الدراسة ان معدل انتشار الامراض المزمنة غير الانتقالية في مدينة الناصرية كان مرتفعا ومثيرا للقلق وخاصة امراض القلب والاوعية الدموية التي تحتاج الى الجهود الفعلية والتركيز في مجال الوقاية وكذلك تحسين وتعزيز نظام الرعاية الصحية خاصة في مجال الرعاية الصحية لكبار السن للحد من الاصابة بالامراض المزمنة ومضاعفاتها والاثر السلبي على الحياة والتطور الاقتصادي | More than one year starting from the 1st September 2015 to the end of October 2016, an observational, analytical - cross - sectional study through a household survey was conducted in Al - Nasiriya city to study the prevalence of non - communicable diseases among a geriatric population, other objectives were to describe the symptomatology (geriatric review of system for elderly), subjective general health status of wellbeing, and the accessibility and satisfaction of patients to health care services provided in this segment of the population. A representative sample of 423 individual aged ≥ 60 years through multistage sampling had been included in the study. Special form of questionnaire was planned to collect information, which tested by three experts in the field of community medicine and family medicine for the validity before its use in the collection of data. The diagnosis of cases (the inclusion and exclusion criteria) was clearly depending on the chronic disease card or any available documentations that support the definite diagnosis (medical reports, investigation, or current treatment). In contrast to self - reporting studies, the direct observation from the researcher as an advantage of a cross - sectional household survey study plays an important role in minimizing the information bias during the stage of data collection. In addition, it was based mainly on the doctors - diagnoses conditions and consistent with the definition of chronic diseases A pilot study was conducted on 18 elderly individuals prior to the proper study in order to test the feasibility of the research, time requirement and the cost. The results were discussed with the supervisor for any change or modification needed. All those 18 cases were included in the proper study. For statistical analysis, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)version (23) was used for data analysis including frequencies, percentages, test of significance (Chi - square test, Monte Carlo test, Fisher exact test), correlation and logistic regression analysis. A p - value of <0.05 was considered to be significant. The overall prevalence of at least one chronic NCD was 89.8%. The top five chronic conditions : hypertension (67.8%), diabetes mellitus (31.2%), musculoskeletal diseases (15.4%), heart diseases (11.1%), and cataract (12.8%). The prevalence of multi - morbidity (patient with two or more chronic diseases) was 59%. The main geriatric symptoms were vision related problems (77.8%), feeling sad or depressed (36.4%), hearing problems (31.7%), falls (30%), memory problems (22.9%), and urinary symptoms (11.1%). The main limitations in this study were its performance in an urban area, some cautions must be taken regarding the generalization of the results. Also not all types of chronic disease and geriatric symptoms were discussed in this study, however all the available data in the sample were collected and studied. Nevertheless, further studies are required specially to estimate the prevalence of risk factors, to estimate the cost of care and health, expenditure, quality of health services and geriatric health need. This study will help in establishing the priorities to act on according to the magnitude of the problems and their impact. Also to design the strategies for prevention and control of NCDs. According to the results obtained from this study and the current situation regarding the care of geriatric population in Iraq and specifically in Al - Nasiriya city, the most important and practical recommendation is to activate the geriatric health care at PHCCs or at least in every hospital with a geriatric clinic with well - trained doctors and other heath staff in the field of geriatrics.

الاستدلال عن مستقبلات الاستروجين ، البروجستيرون وعامل النمو البشري لدى مرضى سرطان الثدي في الناصرية2014 - 2015 == Expression of Estrogen, Progesterone and Human epidermal growth factor Receptors in Breast Cancer in Al - Nasiriya 2014 - 2015

اسم المؤلف: اصيل ضيول حسن
اسم المشرف: حميد نعيم موسى
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: طب المجتمع
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة ذي قار - كلية الطب - قسم طب الاسرة والمجتمع
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الخلفية : سرطان الثدي هو الورم الخبيث الاكثر شيوعا ومشكلة الصحة العامة للسيدات في جميع انحاء العالم وفي العراق. سرطان الثدي هو مرض متغير الخواص للغاية، هناك ثلاث علامات تنبؤيه : مستقبلات الاستروجين، مستقبلات بروجسترون ومستقبلات عامل النمو عندها قيمة تنبؤيه مستقلة. يظهر تعبيرERفي 80 - 90% من المرضى بسرطان الثدي، بينما يظهر تعبيرPRفي 70 - 80 % من الحالات. مستقبلات عامل النمو موجود في 15 - 20% من الحالات. لهذاسرطان الثدي يمثل بشكل افضل بتعبير المستقبل المشترك من التمثيل بمستقبل واحد 0علامات الواسم المناعي - الكيميائي النسيجي (IHC) من مستقبلات هرمون الاستروجين (ER)،مستقبلات هرمون البروجسترون (العلاقات العامة) ومستقبلات عامل النمو (HER2) يمكن تصنيف التعبير الهرموني لسرطان الثدي الى 4 انواع فرعية : النوع الاول ثلاثي موجب مستقبلات الهرمونات(هرمون الاستروجين موجب والعلاقات العامة موجب ومستقبلات عامل النمو موجب)؛النوع الثاني (هرمون الاستروجين موجب والعلاقات العامة موجب ومستقبلات عامل النمو سالب)؛ النوع الثالث ثلاثي سالب مستقبلات الهرمونات (هرمون الاستروجين سالب والعلاقات العامة سالب ومستقبلات عامل النمو سالب)والنوع الرابع (هرمون الاستروجين سالب والعلاقات العامة سالب ومستقبلات عامل النمو موجب).الدراسات السابقة اظهرت ادلة على الفرق الجزيئية التي تكون مسؤولة عن الفرق النتيجة0الهدف من الدراسة : هو تقييم حالة الهرمونات وعلاقتهم بدرجة ومرحلة الورم لحظة تشخيص المرض0المرضى وطريقة العمل : كان نوع الدراسة دراسة مقطعية في محافظة ذي قارفي مدينة الناصرية في مستشفى الحبوبي مركز الاورام ،تضمنت 165 حالة من المرضى الذين شخصت اصابتهم بسرطان الثدي خلال فترة (كانون الثاني 2014 - كانون الاول 2015) تم تجميع معلومات كل مريض وتحليلها : عمر المريض ،الجنس، مكان الاقامة ومعلومات متعلقة بالورم مثل درجة الورم ومرحلة الورم، ومنزلة المستقبلات (ER،PR،her2مستقبلات)0النتائج : العمري الوسطي = 49 ± 11.1. وكانت معظم الحالات 75,2% هرمون البروجسترون موجب بينما هرمون الاستروجين موجب في (72.7٪)،ولكن معظمهم كانواHER2سالب(78.2٪). كان معظم المرضى من الدرجة الثانية (64.2 ٪ ) والمرحلة الثانية (50.3 ٪ )؛كان النوع الفرعي الاكثر شيوعا (ER / PR موجب وher2سالب )والتي تمثل 64.8٪ 0بالنسبة لمقارنة التعبير الهرموني للمرض مع درجة ومرحلة الورم لوحظ ان اعلى درجة الورم (الثاني) (76.93٪) وجدت في النوع الرابع (ER / PRسالب،HER2موجب) وكانت هناك علاقة بين التعبير الهرموني ومرحلة المرض0 الاستنتاجات : سرطان الثدي يمتلك خصوصية مستقبلات هرمونية0الكثير من الحالات توجد في المرحلة الثانية والدرجة الثانية لحظة التشخيص0 التعبير الهرموني السلبي متعلق بمرحلة متقدمة من المرض 0ينبغي توجيه الجهود في توحيد اساليب وتطوير اختبارات اكثر وثوقا لتشخيص المرض بمرحلة مبكرة0

Epidemiology of Acute Childhood and Adolescent Poisoning in Al - Nassiryia Poison Center (2013 - 2015)

اسم المؤلف: Khashaa Abdulkadhum Jaber
اسم المشرف: Raid Kareem Dehiol
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: طب المجتمع
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة ذي قار - كلية الطب - قسم طب الاسرة والمجتمع
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Acute childhood and adolescent poisoning remain one of the important emergencies causing a significant burden to the populations with important morbidity and mortality rates. Epidemiological studies are so important to determine the extent of the problem, according to which the preventive strategies are related. Objectives : This study aimed to determine the epidemiological features of poisoning for the patients less than 19 years old in Thi - qar governorate, involving the main types, clinical presentations, management, outcome, and seasonal variation of poisoning. Methods : A descriptive cross sectional study was involved 340 patients recorded in Al - Nasiriyah poison center from (January 2013 to December 2015), data that collected from the case sheets and records of phone cases. These data was analysed by the statistical package of social science (SPSS) for analysis. Results : Toddler age group seen in 45% of cases with predominance of accidental type, while adolescents (14 - 18yrs.) are mostly intentional with female preponderance, two hundred cases (58.8%) of the exposed patients were male, urban populations are more prone to poisoning 236 cases (69.4%), accidental exposure is the commonest (83.2%), oral route is (99.4%), (62.9%) of the causative agents are pharmaceutical, and (50.7%) are asymptomatic. most of them treated conservatively (96.5%) with survival rate of (97.9%), mortality seen in those presented after the first 24 hrs. of exposure. One third of acute poisoning occurred in summer season.Conclusion : Toddler age group commonly prone to acute poisoning, male are more in accidental pattern, majority of patients were from urban population, one third of the poisoning occur at summer, and there is a strong relationship between time of arrival to the hospital and outcome of the patient

اثر المزيج التسويقي المصرفي في رضا الزبون : دراسة تحليلية في مصرف الرافدين == Impact of Banking Marketing Mix On Customer Satisfaction An Analytical Study In Rafidian Bank

اسم المؤلف: هدى شريف سعيد الكعبي
اسم المشرف: عاملة محسن احمد ناجي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التخطيط الاستراتيجي
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية الادارة والاقتصاد - قسم ادارة الاعمال
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study aims at identifying the application of banking marketing mix in Rafidain bank in Baghdad, and its impact on customer Satisfaction. Two sets of variables were chosen. The independent variables : banking marketing mix and demographic.The dependent variables : customer Satisfaction.The population of the study was customer of Rafidain bank head quarters. in Baghdad The sample was (150) customer. A quetionaire consist of (74) questions was this tool to collect data, and testing hypothesis was by using SPSS program.Results and findings of the study were as follows : - The Rafidain bank adopted. Five out of the seven marketing mix dimensions, the people and physical evidence had significant effect on customer Satisfaction.The study did not show a significant difference due to demographic variable.

المدن الملائمة للعيش والحلول الاستراتيجية للمدن العراقية : دراسة حالة في مدينة العمارة == Livable Cities And Strategic Solutions For Iraqi Cities (A Case Study In The City of Amarah)

اسم المؤلف: منى نوري يونس
اسم المشرف: محسن عبد علي الفريجي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التخطيط الاستراتيجي
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية الادارة والاقتصاد - قسم ادارة الاعمال
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان عملية التخطيط المستدام لاستعمالات الاراضي هي عملية شمولية يوازيها استدامة لمناحي الحياة الاخرى لذلك لابد من وجود نظرة متكاملة ووضع سياسات متناغمة من التخطيط المستدام في مختلف المجالات لكونها متكاملة مع بعضها, وهناك دول عديدة شرعت في تطبيق مفهومات التخط | The process of sustainable planning to lands uses is a comprehensive process paralleled by sustainability of other life’s aspects. Therefore, there must be an integrated view and the placing of harmonized policies of sustainable planning in the different aspects because they complement each other. Many countries have applied the concepts of sustainable constructional planning for the purpose of achieving livable cities as much as the environment can offer and absorb, in order to maintain life’s continuity and quality. Iraqi cities suffer economic, social and environment problems, this requires moving towards livable cities “sustainable cities”. Therefore, the research has been based upon a hypothesis which is summarized by that the current planning philosophy and mechanisms are far from sustainable planning principles and thereby this resulted in the accumulation of economic, social and environmental problems in the Iraqi cities. The research took an analytical approach which depended on building a theoretical framework in which the most important sustainability indications were concluded, then applying this to the practical aspect, Al amarah city was chosen as an example of an Iraqi city and the possibility of generalizing the livable cities experiment in conformity with the available conditions and resources. This city has been chosen since it was an economically prosperous city until the end of the seventies and the beginning of the eighties. After the economic deterioration until 2003, the city was able to return to the forefront of Iraqi cities during the period from 2003 until now from the living, security and economic aspects (contrary to the other Iraqi cities) which proves that the policies adopted to the city’s administration and planning are different from the rest of the Iraqi cities. Questionnaire forms were made and given to the study sample which included specialized State employees who have experience in this field. The research determines the most important theoretical bases of the idea of livable (sustainable) cities, their achievement criteria and their planning bases. The researcher was able, through using scientific methodology in descriptive analysis, to suggest the best which can be done in sustainable planning and sustainable development which could be applied to Al amarah city. The most important conclusions which have been reached is that the basis of designing livable cities lies in sustainability, which contribute to reducing the economic, social and environmental problems which have afflicted our cities from ancient times until now. There is also the need to use environment - friendly energy sources since the city’s environment is suffering pollution for many reasons like generators, noise and lack of tree - planting. Among the most important recommendations concluded, is the importance of achieving a sustainable constructional planning which provides livable cities. This must be achieved through the collaboration of all efforts by the departments specialized in constructional planning and the relevant authorities, by support from the local and central governments

مدى كفاءة استخدام انموذج كايزن لتقييم الاداء المؤسسي : دراسة تحليلية لاراء عينة من مكاتب المفتشين العموميين == Efficiency Rang In Using The Kaizen Model For Organizational Performance Measurement An Analytical Study of The Views of A Sample of The Offices of Inspectors General

اسم المؤلف: محمد عباس حمزة
اسم المشرف: كاظم احمد جواد الجشعمي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التخطيط الاستراتيجي
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية الادارة والاقتصاد - قسم ادارة الاعمال
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study addressed the "efficiency in using the Kaizen model for the measurement of organizational performance", which is a subject that has never been taken in academic aspects based on the writer's knowledge. The importance of this study comes from being a new subject in management, and relates directly to the continuous development of organizations in both private and public sectors.The argument of the study is summarized by some important questions like; does the efficiency of Kaizen model depend on the availability of suitable capacities and resources for the success of the self - assessment process? The aim of the study is to investigate the ability of the organizations under this study to use the model, and highlighting some essential requirements for its success. For that aim, an assumption was made that the organizations under this research have an acceptable level of competence to use Kaizen model to achieve organizational success. In addition, in order to verify this assumption, a questionnaire was used as a main tool. It was answered by a representative sample of Assessment teams' members in the following public organizations : The General Inspector office of the Ministry of Youth and Sport, General Inspector office of the Ministry of Education, General Inspector office of the Ministry of Municipalities and Public Works, General Inspector office of the Establishment of Martyrs, and the General Directorate for Industrial Development. The sample included 52 members. The data was collected using many methods like questionnaires, field visits, and personal interviews. In addition, several measurement tools were adopted to get the results including percentages, Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and the coefficient of variation, with the help of the statistical program SPSS.The study shows important findings. First, Kaizen model is suitable to use with the activities and processes of the chosen public organizations. Second, the results of the organizational Performance assessment are not taken into consideration most of the time, which leaves the assessment as a routine process without any reform outcomes. This weakness is a result of the absence of any organizational environment that can develop a changing culture within its different managerial levels.Finally, the study ends up with some recommendations : 1) The important need to invest and adopt Kaizen model to analyze the internal organizational environment in order to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the organizational performance2) Spreading awareness about self - assessment and continuous development's culture in all managerial levels3) Increasing the knowledge of employees about modern best practices and their efficiency in developing the organizational environment

امكانية تطبيق التحالف الاستراتيجي في الشركة العامة للنقل البري : دراسة تحليلية == The Possibility of Applying Strategic Alliance In The General Company For Land Transport - An Analytical Study

اسم المؤلف: فراس كاظم عبد الكريم
اسم المشرف: رغد يوسف كبرو
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التخطيط الاستراتيجي
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية الادارة والاقتصاد - قسم ادارة الاعمال
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يهدف هذا البحث الى تسليط الضوء على اهم المشكلات التي تواجهها الشركة العامة للنقل البري خلال سعيها لتحقيق الميزة التنافسية من خلال اقامة التحالفات الاستراتيجية، وقد اعتمد هذا البحث اسلوب التحليل في تشخيص المتغيرات البيئية المؤثرة في عمل الشركة العامة للنقل | This research aims to highlight the most important problems facing the General Company for Land Transport during the quest to achieve competitive advantage through the establishment of strategic alliances, during Its quest to achieve competitive adventage through the establishment of strategic alliances. The research problem is a set of questions about the reality of the current alliances in the company it was a model default expresses the logic of search variables put and a hypotheses that the researcher is seeking for verification group. It has been collecting information on the theoretical side of Arab and foreign sources books, research and information network (the Internet), As for the practical side of the research to gather information from a selected sample of employees of the General Company for Land Transport headquarters The all department managers and officials of the branch (upper and middle management). The questionnaire was designed by the researcher through benefiting from the sources listed above as one of information gathering tools to practical side of the search, Researcher was adopted (scale ) Likert Quintet measure to analysis of the questionnaire used in the practical side and then distributed to the research sample.Through the use of statistical methods of percentage and arithmetic mean and standard deviation as well as the coefficient of variation Find reach a set of conclusions, including : The establishment of the strategic alliance is to achieve Competitive advantage Through access to the capabilities and resources of the opponent at the same time act in accordance with the philosophy of That Ensure that the alliance with the rival will ensure you not to his rival and thus will reduce From threats competitors Risks , and at the same time the company will acquire a market share Greater than if continued without coalitionPoor coordination between the organization's strategy and alliance strategy, as the process did not find there are precise studies on the feasibility of the coalition process that should result in requirements Basic that you need organization, those studies that differentiation between the benefits of the establishment of the coalition and benefitsWork independently away for alliances. In addition to the lack of choice coalition type studies most beneficial for the company between the many types that represent the planning stage of the Alliance coalition.The study came out a number of recommendations, which focused on : Company should work on finding a clear strategy for the trade - off between buying Additional tucks and work individually or entering alliances options, The second option requires from the company a feasibility studies to determine the type and format of alliances so as to choose the type of alliance fitting and preferably approved style of (Strategic alliances) , As a traditional short - term alliances may be useful to a company during a specified period but often their effects are Limited in the long term.Emphasize the trend towards investments Increase the projects, especially the diversification of specialization the company a trucks through the use of the finance resources which may a company acquire from the State or from any other sources. Better for the government to give the company more attention by allowing it to alliance in sectors outside their field of specialization with the recognition of a national carrier and exclusive to the Ministries of State (controls can determine additional control over the company after giving that privilege). And the seeking of State to conclude agreements with neighboring countries enables the company to work out of Iraq and increases the possibility of an alliance with foreign companies.
1 ... 7 8 9 10 11 ... 14