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اثر انموذج ويتلي في تنمية عمليات العلم لدى طالبات الصف الثاني المتوسط في مادة التاريخ

Author name: ميس رمضان رحيم
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching History
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
University location: Diyala

اثر ستراتيجية خرائط التفكير اللفظية في تحصيل طالبات الصف الاول المتوسط في مادة التاريخ

Author name: عذراء خضير علوان محمد العنبكي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching History
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
University location: Diyala

اساليب التعليم في القران الكريم والتراث العربي : دراسة وصفية مسحية احصائية

Author name: عبد الحسين احمد رشيد
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Education Basics
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
University location: Diyala

اثر استراتيجيتي التعليم بالقران والتعليم الجمعي في تحصيل طلاب الصف الرابع الادبي في مادة الادب والنصوص

Author name: ياسر وهاب احمد الجواري
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Arabic Language
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
University location: Diyala

اثر استرتيجية مثلث الاستماع في تحصيل طالبات الصف الثاني المتوسط في مادة التاريخ

Author name: عبير عبد الهادي حيدر
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching History
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
University location: Diyala

اثر استراتيجية التفكير بالمقلوب في تنمية التفكير عالي الرتبة لدى طالبات الصف الرابع الادبي في مادة التاريخ

Author name: سمية محمود شمس
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching History
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
University location: Diyala

فاعلية برنامج تعليمي على وفق نظرية الابداع الجاد في تنمية التفكير الحاذق لدى طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي في مادة التاريخ

Author name: مصطفى فاضل عباس الدفاعي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching History
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
University location: Diyala

اثر انموذجي باكر البنائي ودرايفر في تحصيل تلميذات المرحلة الابتدائية في قواعد اللغة العربية

Author name: نغم وسام حسن الربيعي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Arabic Language
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
University location: Diyala

اثر حدائق الافكار في تنمية تفكير ما وراء المعرفة لدى طالبات الصف الرابع الادبي في مادة التاريخ

Author name: مروة عبود احمد العزاوي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching History
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
University location: Diyala

اثر استراتيجية معالجة المعلومات في تحصيل طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي في مادة تاريخ اوربا وامريكا الحديث والمعاصر

Author name: امنة عقيل احمد
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching History
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
University location: Diyala

فاعلية برنامج مقترح لتدريسي مادة طرائق التدريس العامة على وفق منحي النظم في تحصيل طلبة كليات التربية الاساسية

Author name: مريم خالد مهدي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: General Teaching Methods
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
University location: Diyala

اثر منهاج مقترح للانشطة الرياضية اللاصفية في تفريغ السلوك العدواني لطلاب الاول متوسط == The effect of suggested curriculum Of Physical Educational out doors on alter in aggressive Behavior of the first year secondary school students

Author name: ليث اسماعيل ابراهيم البغدادي
Supervisor name: ناظم كاظم جواد الدراجي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Physical Education
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:

اثر استراتيجية تطبيق المبادئ في التحصيل والتفكير العلمي لدى طلاب الصف الرابع العام في مادة علوم الاحياء

Author name: حسام منصف صالح الجبوري
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Sciences
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
University location: Diyala

اثر التدريس على وفق انموذج وودز في تحصيل تلامذة الصف الخامس الابتدائي في العلوم العامة

Author name: بتول محمد جاسم الدايني
Supervisor name: علي عبد الرحمن جمعة زنكة
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching General Sciences
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Teachers College
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:

فاعلية برنامج تعليمي قائم على توظيف وسائل انماء الثروة اللغوية في الاداء التعبيري لدى طالبات الصف الاول المتوسط == The Effectiveness of an Educational Programme Based on the Use of the Means of Developing Linguistic Wealth in the Expressive Performance of Female Students in the First Intermediate Stage

Author name: انتصار كيطان هزاع
Supervisor name: رياض حسين علي المهداوي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Arabic Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: يرمي البحث الحالي الى : 1 - بناء برنامج تعليمي قائم على توظيف وسائل انماء الثروة اللغوية في الاداء التعبيري . 2 - القياس والتثبت من فاعلية البرنامج التعليمي من خلال تطبيقه على طالبات الصف الاول المتوسط . وللتحقق من مرمى البحث صاغت الباحثة الفرضية الصفرية الاتية : لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة(05‚0) بين متوسطات درجات الاختبارات المتسلسلة لطالبات المجموعة التجريبية اللاتي درسن التعبير بالبرنامج التعليمي ، وبين متوسطات درجات الاختبارات المتسلسلة لطالبات المجموعة الضابطة اللاتي درسن التعبير بالطريقة الاعتيادية . ومن اجل التحقق من هدف البحث اتبعت الباحثة اجراءات المنهجين الوصفي والتجريبي ، اما بالنسبة للمنهج التجريبي فقد اختارت الباحثة التصميم التجريبي ذا المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة، وهو من تصاميم الضبط الجزئي ، اما عينة البحث فقد اختارت الباحثة قصديا احدى المدارس المتوسطة للبنات التابعة لمديرية تربية / ديالى في بعقوبة وهي ثانوية الامال للبنات الواقعة في حي التحرير ، اذ بلغ عدد طالبات الصف الاول المتوسط في المدرسة (60) طالبة ، وزعن عشوائيا على مجموعتين ، وبواقع (30) طالبة في المجموعة التجريبية ، و(30) طالبة في المجموعة الضابطة ، ثم كافات الباحثة بين المجموعتين احصائيا باستعمال الاختبار التائي (T - test) لعينتين مستقلتين ، ومربع كاي (كا2) ، ومعامل ارتباط بيرسون في متغيرات : ( العمر الزمني محسوبا بالشهور ، والتحصيل الدراسي للابوين ، والتحصيل الدراسي في اللغة العربية للعام السابق) ، اما اداة البحث فكانت الاختبارات المتسلسلة. اما بالنسبة للمنهج الوصفي اعدت الباحثة برنامجا رمى الى تنمية الاداء التعبيري ، وقد اعتمدت الباحثة في تصميمها للبرنامج التعليمي بتوظيف وسائل انماء الثروة اللغوية الذي يتكون من ثلاثة مجالات رئيسة ، في ضوئها بناء البرنامج ، وهذه المجالات هي : • المدخلات Inputs • العملياتProcessing • المخرجات Qutputs وعليه مر بناء البرنامج المقترح بثلاث مراحل اساسية هي : ( مرحلة تحليل العملية التعليمية ، ومرحلة التركيب ، ومرحلة التقويم ). استمر تطبيق التجربة فصل دراسي واحد ، اذ درست الباحثة بنفسها مجموعتي البحث. اما النتيجة التي توصلت اليها الباحثة في بحثها ، فقد اثبتت فاعلية البرنامج وجود فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (0,05) بين متوسطات درجات طالبات المجموعة التجريبية ومتوسطات درجات طالبات المجموعة الضابطة ولمصلحة المجموعة التجريبية . وفي ضوء نتيجة البحث استنتجت الباحثة عددا من الاستنتاجات منها : 1 - ان تطبيق البرنامج التعليمي القائم على توظيف وسائل انماء الثروة اللغوية له اثر ايجابي في الاداء التعبيري لطالبات الصف الاول المتوسط اكثر من الطريقة التقليدية .2 - ان البرنامج التعليمي القائم على توظيف وسائل انماء الثروة اللغوية يساعد على اثراء الطالبات بالمفردات والالفاظ والتراكيب من النصوص القرانية والاحاديث النبوية والتراث ، مما ينمي ثروتهن اللغوية وتحسين ادائهن التعبيري.واوصت الباحثة بعدد من التوصيات منها : 1 - اعتماد البرنامج التعليمي القائم على توظيف وسائل انماء الثروة اللغوية في تدريس مادة التعبير في المرحلة المتوسطة .2 - الافادة من البرنامج التعليمي القائم على توظيف وسائل انماء الثروة اللغوية في بناء برامج تدريسية في مادة التعبير للصفوف الدراسية الاخرى . واقترحت الباحثة اجراء عدد من الدراسات ، استكمالا لهذه الدراسة منها : 1 - اجراء دراسة تجريبية للبرنامج التعليمي القائم على توظيف وسائل انماء الثروة اللغوية على طلبة الصف الاول المتوسط لمعرفة تاثير متغير الجنس .2 - اجراء دراسة مماثلة لتعرف فاعلية البرنامج التعليمي القائم على توظيف وسائل انماء الثروة اللغوية في مادة التعبير ، وفي متغيرات تابعة اخرى مثل (التحصيل ، الاتجاه نحو المادة، الدافعية ، والتفكير الناقد ، والتفكير الابداعي) | The study aims at identifying the effectiveness of an educational programme based on the use of the means of developing linguistic wealth in the expressive performance of female students in the first intermediate stage. In light of the study aim and its procedures, the following null hypothesis is validated : • There is no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (05.0) between the mean score of the serial tests for the female students of the experimental group and the mean score of the serial tests for the female students of the control group. In order to achieve the aim of the study, the researcher follows the procedures of the descriptive approach and the experimental method. The researcher chooses the experimental design of the experimental and control groups, which is one of the partial control designs. In the sample, the researcher randomly selects one of the intermediate schools for girls belonging to the Directorate of Education / Diyala in Baquba, which is a Al - Ama'al secondary school for girls which lies in Al - Tahreer. The number of girls in the first stage in the middle school is (60) female students, who are randomly distributed to into two groups, (30) female students in the experimental group and (30) female students in the control group. The researcher then do an equivalent between the two groups in the variables : chronological age by months, academic achievement for parents, and academic achievement in Arabic for the previous year).The researcher develops a programme aimes at developing expressive performance. In designing the proposed programme, the researcher relies on the means of developing linguistic wealth, which consists of three main areas, in light of which the program is desinged. These areas are : • Inputs• Processing• Outputs Accordingly, the proposed programme was structured in three basic stages : (the stage of analysis of the educational process, the structured stage and the evaluation stage). The experiment lasted three months. The researcher studied the two groups. In the light of the study results, the researcher concludes a number of conclusions, including : 1. The application of the proposed educational programme in accordance with the means of development of linguistic wealth has a positive impact on the expressive performance of the female students at the first stage students more than the traditional way.2. The proposed programme in accordance with the means of development of linguistic wealth helps to make the information organized , sequential and specific within the classroom, which works to strengthen the students in a way that increases their linguistic wealth and improve their expression.The researcher recommends a number of recommendations, including : 1. Adopting the proposed educational programme according to the means of developing the linguistic wealth in teaching the expression material in the intermediate stage.2. Deriving benefit in the proposed educational programme in accordance with the means of development of linguistic wealth in the construction of teaching programmes in the expression material for other classes. It is suggested that a number of studies should be carried out in order to complete the study. A similar study should be conducted to identify the effectiveness of the proposed programme according to the means of developing the linguistic wealth in the expression material in other variables such as achievement, direction towards material, motivation, critical thinking and creative thinking

اثر المناقشة بتمثيل الادوار في تحصيل تلاميذ الصف الخامس الابتدائي في مادة التاريخ العربي الاسلامي

Author name: فراس نبيل محمود السعدي
Supervisor name: عبد الرزاق عبد الله زيدان العنبكي | محمد جاسم محمد النداوي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Social Sciences
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Teachers College
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: ان الطريقة الالقائية هي السائدة في التدريس في مدارسنا في تدريس المواد الاجتماعية وخصوصا في تدريس مادة التاريخ ، لذا فقد اصبحت الطريقة التقليدية غير متوافقة مع الاتجاه التربوي الحديث وذلك لمحدودية تاثيرها على تطوير قابلية التلاميذ الذين يصبح دورهم فيما بعد سلبيا ، ولما كانت دراسة مادة التاريخ تنطوي على كثير من نواحي الصعوبة والاهمية فكان لابد من البحث عن اساليب وطرائق تدريب حديثة تراعي دور التلاميذ الايجابي في عملية التدريس لذلك انصبت جهود العاملين في مجال المناهج وطرائق التدريس على تحقيق هذا الغرض ، ومن بين هذه الاساليب والطرائق هي ( المناقشة في تمثيل الادوار ) الذي يلائم كثير ا تدريس المواد الاجتماعية وخاصة التاريخ ويعد استخدامه اتجاها حديثا ونقلة علمية في تدريس هذه المادة ، لذلك يهدف البحث الحالي الى معرفة اثر المناقشة بتمثيل الادوار في تحصيل تلاميذ الصف الخامس الابتدائي في مادة التاريخ العربي الاسلامي وفي ضوء هدف البحث اختيرت الفرضية التالية : لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية بين متوسط تحصيل التلاميذ الذين يدرسون بطريقة المناقشة بتمثيل الادوار ومتوسط تحصيل التلاميذ الذين يدرسون بالطريقة التقليدية .كما اختيرت عشوائيا مدرسة القادة التطبيقية المختلطة (( التابعة لمركز بعقوبة )) ميدانا للتجربة ، وبلغ افراد عينة البحث ( 48 ) تلميذ موزعين على مجموعتين بالتساوي تم تكافؤ المجموعتين احصائيا في المتغيرات الاتية : العمر الزمني ، التحصيل الدراسي للاب والام ، واختيار القدرة العقلية ( الذكاء ) وقد قام الباحث بتدريس تلاميذ المجموعتين التجريبية باستخدام المناقشة بتمثيل الادوار والضاطة بالطريقة التقليدية وطبقت التجربة بواقع ( 30 ) حصة واعد اختبار بعدي مؤلف من (40 ) فقرة من نوع الاختبار من متعدد بعد ان تم التحقق من صدقه ، ثباته ، قوة تميزه ، معاملة سهولته .وعند تطبيق الاختبار البعدي على مجموعتي البحث زمن خلال تحليل النتائج تبين وجود فرق دال احصائيا بين متوسطي درجات المجموعة التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة وفي المجالات الاتية : التذكر ، الفهم ، التحصيل العام ، ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية وفي ضوء النتائج قام الباحث بوضع عدد من التوصيات ومنها استخدام المناقشة بتمثيل الادوار مع مواد دراسية اخرى وكذلك عدد من المقترحات لبحوث مكملة .

انماط الجملة الاساسية في قصص الاطفال الكلاسيكية == BASIC SENTENCE PATTERNS IN CLASSIC CHILDREN’S STORIES

Author name: منى حسيب هويد الجوراني
Supervisor name: KHALIL ISMAIL REJIA AL - HADIDI
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: English
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: يعد اغلب النحويين دراسة انماط الجملة الاساسية واحدا من اهم المواضيع في اي تحليل منظم للغة . ان هذه الانماط المحدودة العدد هي نماذج نحوية لمجموعة غير محدودة العدد من الجمل المنطوقة والمكتوبة ذات البنية الصحيحة . بمعنى اخر تشير هذه النماذج الى الانواع الاساسية للكلمات التي ترتبط بنيويا بالجمل لكي تنقل معنى باللغة الانكليزية . ان هذه الدراسة محاولة لبحث وتحليل مدى استخدام انماط الجملة الاساسية في لغة قصص الاطفال الكلاسيكية من اجل تحديد تكرار النمط ومن ثم اساسيته في تلك اللغة . لغرض تحقيق اهداف الدراسة تم التحقق من صحة الفرضيات الاتية : 1 - ان جميع انماط الجملة الاساسية تستعمل في هذه القصص . 2 - هناك درجات تفاوت واضحة في استعمال هذه الانماط . 3 - تؤثر البساطة النحوية للنمط تاثيرا كبير وشامل في تقرير تكرار النمط ومن ثم اساسيته في هذه القصص . من خلال تبني انموذج لانماط الجملة الاساسية والتحليل الاحصائي للبيانات ، استنتجت هذه الدراسة ان النمط الاول ( فاعل + فعل ) والنمط الثاني ( فاعل + فعل + مفعول به ) هما الاكثر تكرارا واساسية اتباعا في قصص الاطفال الكلاسيكية . اما النمط الثالث ( فاعل + فعل + تكملة ) اقل تكرارا واساسية وان الجمل الوصفية اكثر عددا من الجمل التعريفية . بينما الانماط الاقل تكرارا او التي استعملت بندرة فانها الاقل اساسية وهي كالاتي : النمط الرابع ( فاعل + فعل + ظرف) ، والنمط الخامس ( فاعل + فعل + مفعول به غير مباشر + مفعول به مباشر ) ، والنمط السابع ( فاعل + فعل + مفعول به + ظرف) والنمط السادس ( فاعل + فعل + مفعول به + تكملة ) . وقد دعمت هذه النتائج فرضيات الدراسة . تتالف الدراسة الحالية من ستة فصول وملحق واحد . الفصل الاول هو المقدمة التي تعرف طبيعة المشكلة واهميتهواتحدد الفرضيات وحدود الدراسة والاهداف والاجراءات ويعرض الفصل الثاني انماط الجملة الاساسية نظريا وعمليا من خلال معاينة تفصيلية مدعمة بالامثلة ، ويتضمن الفصل الثالث موجزا عاما لادب الاطفال وتاريخه وانواعه . اما الفصل الرابع فيتعلق بتوضيح طريقة تعيين البيانات الماخوذة من اربع وعشرين قصة كلاسيكية للاطفال مختارة عشوائيا وقصديا ، وتمثل هذه القصص اربعا من اشهر واروع المجموعات الادبية المكتوبة او التي اعيدت كتابتها للاطفال بشكل خاص . هذه المجموعات هي حكايات من الليالي العربية ( Tales from Arabian Nights) وحكايات اليونان القديم ( Tales of Ancient Greece) وحكايات من شكسبير(Tales from Shakespeare) وحكايات الجنيات لاندرسن ( Andersen’s Fairy Tales ) . وفي هذا الفصل تم ذكر معايير اختيار النصوص مع المستويات التحليلية للدراسة . ويقدم الفصل الخامس تحليلا للبيانات على شكل جداول واحصاءات ، ويعرض كذلك مناقشات تفصيلية للنتائج . اما الفصل السادس فيتضمن الاستنتاجات التي خلصت اليها الدراسة وعددا من التوصيات والمقترحات قدمتها الباحثة | Studying basic sentence patterns is considered by the majority of grammarians as one of the most important subjects in any systematic analysis of a language . These finite patterns are syntactic representations of an infinite set of well - formed spoken and written sentences , i.e. , they indicate the basic kinds of words which are structurally related in sentences to convey meanings in English . This study is an attempt to investigate and analyze the occurrence of the basic sentence patterns in the language of classic children’s stories in order to designate the frequency and then the essentiality of each pattern in this language . It is hypothesized that : 1 - all the basic sentence patterns are used in these stories, 2 - there are obvious degrees of diversity in the uses of these patterns , and 3 - the grammatical simplicity of a pattern determines largely and wholly the frequency and , in turn , the essentiality of the pattern in these stories . The study , through the adoption of a model of basic sentence patterns and statistical analysis , concludes that in classic children’s stories the most frequent and essential basic sentence patterns are P1 ( SV ) and P2 ( SVO ) . P3 ( SVC ) is less frequent and essential and the descriptive sentences are larger in number than the identification ones . P4 (SVA) , P5 ( SVOO ) , P7 ( SVOA ) and P6 ( SVOC ) respectively are the least frequently or rarely used , i.e. , they are less essential than the first three patterns . These findings support the hypotheses of the study . The present study falls into six chapters and one appendix . Chapter one is the introduction which identifies the nature of the problem and its significance and specifies the hypotheses , the limits , the aims , and the procedures of the study . Chapter two examines basic sentence patterns theoretically and practically through a detailed survey provided with examples . In chapter Three , the identification , history , and categories of children’s literature are presented briefly and generally . Chapter Four shows the way of sampling the data taken randomly and intentionally from twenty four classic children’s stories that represent four best - known and most outstanding literary collections written or rewritten for children , viz. , Tales from the Arabian Nights , Tales of Ancient Greece , Tales from Shakespeare , and Andersen’s Fairy Tales . Criteria of choosing the texts and levels of analysis are also explained . Chapter Five presents the analysis of the data through tables and statistics , and it provides detailed discussions of the results . Finally Chapter Six contains the conclusions , recommendations and suggestions for further study .

فاعلية الاشراف التربوي في تحسين اداء معلمي المواد العلمية في المرحلة الابتدائية من وجهة نظر الهيئة التعليمية == Effectiveness Of Educational Supervision In Improving The Performance Of Teachers Of Science Subjects In Primary School From The Viewpoint Of The Teaching

Author name: نجاة حمدي عبد الله حمد
Supervisor name: علي ابراهيم محمد الاوسي | مهند محمد عبد الستار
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Education Basics
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of Psychological And Educational Guidance
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://basicedu.uodiyala.edu.iq/uploads/work%202018/science%20dept/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9%20%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A9.pdf
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: ان الاهتمام بالاشراف التربوي متات من اهميته وماله من فاعلية في التاثير على مجمل العملية التربوية لغرض تطويرها لمواكبة التغيرات والتطورات التي تواجه العملية التربوية.ولهذا اصبح من الضروري تحسين فاعلية الاشراف التربوي لرفع مستوى المعلم، وعلى هذا الاساس ان | The interest Educational Supervision Its come of its importance and wealth of the effectiveness of influence on the overall educational process for the purpose of development to keep pace with changes and developments facing the educational process. This has become necessary to improve the effectiveness of educational supervision to raise the level of the teacher, and on this basis that the teacher who is teaching profession needs of guided and guide him and supervised by, and even mastered the methods of dealing with his students, and increasing experience of the teaching profession. and acquire the educational supervision of being a collaborative work is focused in its destruction on the development of the educational process in all its elements, led by a teacher who represents the human element active in the educational supervisor patron of such development, on livelihoods because the real work of the educational field is noticeable for all the elements related to the educational process to achieve the desired educational goals.The current research aims to : - 1 - building measure the effectiveness of educational supervision in improving the performance of teachers of science subjects in primary school from the viewpoint of the teaching staff.2 - Verification of the effectiveness of educational supervision in improving the performance of teachers of scientific subjects from the viewpoint of the teaching staff.3 - identify the individual differences among teachers depending on the variable type (males - females).4 - identify the individual differences among teachers due to the variable of academic qualification (Dar Teachers - Institute - College). And by variable (and more years of service 10 - 10 years or less).To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher the following actions : - Building measure the effectiveness of educational supervision through the literature and previous studies, and has been to ensure the veracity of the scale using the honesty virtual, were presented paragraphs on a group of arbitrators, and the purpose of acceptance of each paragraph of the tool or reject or modify the adopted researcher 80% minimum to accept paragraphs the number of arbitrators,'s (12) an arbitrator, has been the exclusion of all paragraphs that have not received the approval of the arbitrators (80%) and this has become a standard component in final form of 58 paragraph, the researcher drafted paragraphs language as the instructions displayed by the arbitrators. been confirmed the stability of the scale adoption of the test method and bring it back and reached (0.86), and the way retail midterm reaching reliability coefficient (0.88), which represents the gradient is high, and after applying the scale on a sample of (400) teachers of science and mathematics researcher reached the following findings : - 1 - The sample has a standard low in the stability of the effectiveness of supervision, ie, that the level of educational supervision of teachers is not satisfactory, and after the application of a measure the effectiveness of educational supervision on a sample of the research found that the average degree of effectiveness of educational supervision of teachers of both sexes and included in the research is (167, 5) with a standard deviation of $ (35.7) and when comparing this average to the average Alfrda measure of (174) noted that smaller - than - average Alfrda of the scale.2 - Search Results showed that there was no statistically significant differences between the sample of male and female sample of teachers of mathematics and science at the 499 degree of freedom and significance level of 0.05.3 - showed results that there is no individual differences between teachers of mathematics and science as a variable of years of service, because the value of alpha calculated by the amount of (2.11) is less than the value of T indexed by the amount of (3.84) at the 0.05 level and the degree of freedom (1 - 396).4 - The results showed that there are individual differences for science and mathematics teachers for the qualification and variable, because the alpha value is calculated by the amount of (32.26) greater than the tabular value of alpha (3.84)The researcher recommended a number of recommendations including : training supervisors through placement programs, master's and holding training courses and workshops for them to improve the competencies methods of supervision to improve the performance of teachers of science and mathematics, and follow - up plans, educational supervisors and improvement of supervisory services provided by the supervisors of science and mathematics teachers.The researcher has proposed a number of proposals, including : conducting an evaluation of the reality of school management and educational supervision, and requiring supervisors to conduct research to determine the procedural problems of education.
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تقويم اداء معلمات اللغة العربية في المرحلة الابتدائية في ضوء المعايير المقترحة لجودة الاداء التعليمي == Evaluating The Performance of Female Teachers of Arabic Language At Primary Stage In The Light of Proposed Criteria For The Quality of Instructional Performance

Author name: بشائر جواد كاظم السعدي
Supervisor name: رياض حسين علي المهداوي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Arabic Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف هذه الدراسة الى تقويم اداء معلمات اللغة العربية في المرحلة الابتدائية في ضوء المعايير المقترحة لجودة الاداء التعليمي، وتعرف على مستوى اداء معلمات اللغة العربية في المرحلة الابتدائية.واقتصرت هذه الدراسة على : 1ـ معلمات اللغة العربية (المرحلة الابت | The current study aims at evaluating the performance of female teachers of Arabic language at primary stage in the light of proposed criteria for the quality of instructional performance, and identifying the level of performance to female teachers of Arab
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اثر توظيف استراتيجيـة المدخـل المتعدد في حـفـظ النصـوص الشعـرية لــدى تلمـيذات الصـف الخامــس الابتـدائي والاحتفاظ بـه == The Effect Of Using The Multi - Entry Strategy In Memorizing The Poetic Texts Among Female Pupils Of Primary School / Fifth Grade And Keeping It

Author name: سمية عدنان ناصر الشمري
Supervisor name: عادل عبد الرحمن نصيف العزي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Arabic Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: هدف البحث الحالي التعرف على اثر توظيف استراتيجية المدخل المتعدد في حفظ النصوص الشعرية لدى تلميذات الصف الخامس الابتدائي والاحتفاظ به, وللتثبت من هدف البحث صاغت الباحثة الفرضيتين الصفريتين الاتيتين : 1ــــ لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (0,05) بين | The current thesis aims to know the effect of the effect of using the multi - entry strategy in memorizing the poetic texts among female pupils of primary school/ fifth grade and keeping it. To prove the aim of the study, the researcher forms the following zero - hypotheses : 1. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the average of the experimental group’s grades who study the poetic texts using the multi - entry strategy and the control group who study them using the usual strategy in the test of memorizing the poetic texts. 2. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the average of the experimental group’s grades who study the poetic texts using the multi - entry strategy and the control group who study them using the usual strategy in the test of keeping the poetic texts. The researcher depends on the experimental design of two groups (experimental and control groups) and post test to memorize and keep. In the light of the experimental design, the researcher intentionally chooses the sample of the study from the female pupils of the fifth grade at the primary school (from Asmaa Primary School for Girls that belongs to the General Directorate of Education/ Diyala - Departement of Al - Khalis Education) for the year (2015 - 2016), (the first course). This is because this grade has two sections (A and B). The researcher randomly choses section (A) to represent the experimental group whose pupils are exposed to the independent variant and whose pupils has studied according to the multi - entry strategy. Section (B) has been chosen to represent the control group whose pupils has studied according to the usual way. The total number of the sample is 65 pupils; 32 pupils in the experimental group and 33 pupils in the control group. The researcher excludes the pupils who failed in the exam from the two groups that makes the final number of the sample be 60 pupils; thirty pupils for each group. She compares between the two groups (experimental and control groups) statistically in a number of variables (the chronological age counted in months, the academic achievement of the parents and the grades obtained in Arabic language lessons in the previous year). She uses T - test for two independent amples and Chi - Square to achieve this aim. After determining the six subjects of the scientific material that will be studied during the experiment, the researcher forms the behavioral goals and the teaching plans and she shows them to a number of experts and specialists whose opinions and suggestions have been taken to make the required modifications. Hence, the goals and the educational plans are ready to be applied. To carry out the experiment of memorizing the poetic texts and keeping it among the two groups of the study in the same subjects studied by the researcher herself, the researcher prepares a test to memorize and keep and it is composed of 30 testing items from the sort of multiple choices, rearrangement, completion and pairing. This test is shown to a number of experts and specialists to prove its authenticity and to show the difficulty and distinction of its items and to count its stabilization. This test is applied to an exploratory sample of 100 pupils. After analyzing the results of the answers of the pupils and studying them statistically using the suitable statistical means, it is found that the items of the test are valid. The researcher applies the memorizing and keeping tests to the pupils of the two groups (experimental and control groups) after finishing the experiment which lasts for a whole course of teaching and after analyzing the answers statistically using T - test of two independent samples to know the significant difference between the two groups of the thesis. The results are as follows : There are statistically significant difference among the average grades (memorizing and keeping) of the two groups for the benefit of the experimental group that studied the poetic text according to the multi - entry strategy. In the light of the results of the research, the researcher concludes the following : 1. The multi - entry strategy works to consolidate the information and facilitate education among pupils of the primary school /fifth grade in the lesson of poetic texts.2. Teaching according to the multi - entry strategy helps pupils to store information in the memory for a long time. This leads to make education easier, memorizing long lasting and information remembering faster. The researcher recommends the following;1. Using the multi - entry strategy in poetic text teaching facilitates the learning process as it is attractive and it provokes enthusiasm among pupils. 2. During their visits to schools, educational guide should urge teachers of Arabic language to use the modern strategies that prove their success through experiment. The researcher suggests the following : 1. Carrying out a study similar to the current one in another branch of Arabic language.2. Carrying out a balanced study between the multi - entry strategy and other modern strategies.
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اثر استخدام التقارير القصيرة مع الاحداث الجارية في تنمية التفكير الناقد لدى طالبات الصف الثالث معهد اعداد المعلمات في مادة التاريخ == The Effect Of The Use Of Short Reports With The Current Events On Improving The Critical Thinking Of The Students Of The 3Rd Stage - Teacher’S Training Institute In History

Author name: منيرة احمد رحيم الجاف
Supervisor name: عبد الرزاق عبد الله زيدان العنبكي | فليح حسن كاظم الاموي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Social Sciences
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Teachers College
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: هدف البحث الحالي الى معرفة اثر استخدام التقارير القصيرة مع الاحداث الجارية في تنمية التفكير الناقد لدى طالبات الصف الثالث معهد اعداد المعلمات في مادة التاريخ.ولتحقيق ذلك وضعت الباحثة الفرضية الصفرية الاتية : - (( ليس هناك فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى معنو | This research aims at knowing the effect of the use of the short reports with the current events in improving the critical thinking of the students of the Teachers’ Training Institute - third stage in History subject.To achieve that , the researcher put the following zero hypothesis : there is no statistical difference at the level of 0 ,05 at the average degrees of the experimenting group which studies history through short reports with current events compared with the average of the degrees of the controlling group that studies the same subject in the ordinary method to improve the critical thinking with the students.The students sampled are (64) of the third stage - Diala Teachers Training Institute - studies for the year 2002 - 2003. Each group consists of (32) students for the experimenting group which has been taught the short reports with the current events compared to the controlling group that consists of (32) and which followed the ordinary method.The equivalence has been made through the use of the monthly degrees related to the past year, cleverness Test, a critical thinking test has been prepared depending on (Watson - Claser) way of testing that follows collecting (Conclusions - Knowing hypotheses , Construe, explanation, and evaluation of evidence).To check the test validity and practicality it was seen by the experienced and specialized people. Its stability and reality have been found through the use of Person correlation (0.79) with through Spareman - Brown equation to become (0,88). The difficulty average and the distinguishing strength for each item have been checked and found also. The test consists of (17) situations that cover (51) items - (3) items for each situation. The data have been statistically labeled by the use of the (t - Test) for two different samples and the results can be pointed as follows : (( The existence of a statistical difference between the two researches groups in improving the critical thinking through the test and to the advantage of the experimenting group))The research has concluded the following : 1. The benefit of the use of the short reports with the current events in teaching history subject and its effect in improving the critical thinking for girls.2.Training History Teachers on the use of the short reports in training circles and programs that the Ministry of Education organizes.The research has also led to many suggestions and of them are : Introducing a similar study to the present one and specially concerning the use of the short reports with the current event and its effect on improving the critical thinking. The suggested study may cover : A. Teacher Training Institutes students.B. This suggested study may deal with other school subjects.C. The proposed study my cover also other studying stages.
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بناء دليل لتيسير تدريس النحو العربي في (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) في اقسام اللغة العربية في كليات الاداب والتربية == Form A Guide For Facility Of Teaching Arabic Grammar In (Sharih Qatir Al - Nada Wa Bel Al - Sada) In Arabic Language Departments In Colleges Of Arts And Education

Author name: محمد صالح ياسين الجبوري
Supervisor name: مثنى علوان محمد الجشعمي | كريم سلمان الحمد
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Arabic Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: تعد اللغة العربية احدى لغات العالم الحية بل هي من افضلها، فهي بتركيبها النحوي ونظامها الصرفي، وهي ايضا لغة منطقية وحضارية استمدت خصوصيتها من واقع العرب في شبه الجزيرة العربية. وقد اقترنت اللغة العربية بالاسلام منذ ان نزل القران الكريم بها على سيد المرس | The Arabic language is considered one of most important languages of the world but it is the best one It is a logical and civilized language by its grammatical structure and morphological system that took its features from the reality of the Arabs in the semi Arabian Peninsula. The Arabic language had been connected with the Islam since the receiving of the holy Koran by the prophet Mohammed (peace of God be upon him). Grammar and rules of this language are the first standing in its support and features to from the most marked of its properties, while today we see its learning becomes an old impedes that facing both the teachers and the learners, and when we investigate causation’s of this question we realize that both the method and the way of teaching are the main reasons of this complaint as they work on evaluation for the students and protect them from the error in the talk and the writing, and their training on the manners and the use of the expressions and the structures an accurate way. Here the importance of this research, as for the researcher, tries to reach a guide for the facilitation of (Sharih Qatir Al - Nada Wa Bel Al - Sada) For the treatment of the weakness which most of the students are suffer in Arabic language departments and finding away for difficulties which effected the students in Arabic Language departments because grammar is taught in such way and patterns that are far from the learners’ reality and present.The researcher tried to avoid the reasons and the irregular points that affected the grammatical subjects of this book. The main motive that motivate the researcher to identify the difficulties to assist those who have the right of decision and responsible persons in order to light the way for them through certain goals that could be reached by this search so it aims to form a guide for facility of teaching the Arabic Language in the college of arts and education for the first stage by carrying out these points;1. Identify and discovering the difficulties in any subject of grammar for the first stage by supplying forms that to be filled by the teachers and the students. 2.The exchange of the old forms and examples that used by Ibn - Hushan which are not easy to be understood today by new examples from the holy koran, the noble speech of the prophet and prose and talks of the Arabs and examples from the reality of our daily life. 3. Avoiding the rational and philosophic styles and the problems of the disagreement, and the reasons and justifications about the forms of grammar. 4. Putting a summary at the end of any subject.5. Putting answered exercises at the end of a text subject, and the exercises that need answers.Truly limits of this search can be determined by what comes : - 1. Teaching the grammar subject (Sharih Qatir Al - Nada Wa Bel Al - Sada) in the Arabic language departments in the college of the arts and education in universities of Baghdad, Mustansiriah, and Mosul. 2. Only the students of the first stage of the Arabic language departments in the mentioned universities. 3. Lessons of Arabic grammar or structure in (Sharih Qatir Al - Nada Wa Bel Al - Sada) during first stage are about (twenty eight) lessons. 4. The school - year is (2002 - 2003 A.C) (1423 - 1424 A.H). As for theoretical background where the researcher stood on the light of his search goals to form a guide for facilitation of teaching (Sharih Qatir Al - Nada Wa Bel Al - Sada) he intended to put an important theoretical background.in his teaching which contained of two axes : - the first axis is a guide to grammatical subjects and this can be represented by : - 1. The purpose of forming a guide. 2. The factors and the pivots which motivate to form the guide.3. The forming of the guide and the Ibn - Husham’s book.4. How did the researcher form its guide? Truly the second axis is represented by the book (Sharih Qatir Al - Nada Wa Bel Al - Sada) wherefrom : - 1. The description of the book (subject, method and the way of a formation). 2. The difficulty of teaching the book. 3. The suggestions for solving the problems. Where the performances of the search are : - 1. Includes, the exploration of two points of views from both the teachers and the students included about (450) students and (34) teachers in the Arabic language departments in the colleges of the arts and the education in the universities of [Baghdad, Mustansiriah, and Mosul.] through filling forms concerning the difficulties of the grammatical subjects in the book (Sharih Qatir Al - Nada Wa Bel Al - Sada). 2.The researcher applied the special data of the teachers on the basic sample of the search about (8) teachers and the data of the students on the second basic sample about (350) students distributed on (6) colleges of arts and education of the Arabic language departments in ( 3 ) universities [Baghdad, Mustansiriah, and Mosul.].3.The researcher reached the external truth of the two data after showing and reviewing them by a group of specialized persons and experts and he proved them by (the half division way) for the items of the data. While the enumeration means where the researcher employed the (Beerson) coefficient contact and (Feeshr) equation for the calculation of the difficulty degree or extent. The recent study reached some effects, which can possible, be counted by the following points : - 1. The students of the Arabic language departments study the book of (Sharih Qatir Al - Nada Wa Bel Al - Sada). In the Arabic language departments in the colleges of the arts and the education is in universities of [Baghdad, Mustansiriah, and Mosul.] without any practical application for its grammatical subjects 2. The data, by putting light on the difficulties received important attention by both the students and the teachers and welcomed by many teachers of grammar subject in teaching (Sharih Qatir Al - Nada Wa Bel Al - Sada) and also many students in the first stage in the Arabic language departments in the colleges of the arts and the education in the universities of [Baghdad, Mustansiriah, and Mosul.]. That was on contrast to the researcher’s expecting of receiving a weak response.3.The agreement in points of views of both the students and the teachers that there are certain difficulties in the book (Sharih Qatir Al - Nada Wa Bel Al - Sada). So the researcher has to order the followings : - 1. Putting a grammatical method based on modern linguistic theories. 2.The variety of methods for the Arabic rules subject in the Arabic language departments in the colleges of the arts and education in the universities of [Baghdad, Mustansiriah, and Mosul.].3. The teachers of the Arabic language in general must use the standard Arabic language.4.Admiting the students to the Arabic language departments should be based on scientific and objective conditions.5. It is desirable to the teachers of Arabic language rules to avoid the differences of the opinions concerning the difficulties and the disagreements points which of no use in the languages and also to avoid the use of irregular and unusual languages.6.The researcher orders to follow this guide in teaching of the first stage students in the Arabic language departments in the colleges of arts and education in the universities of [Baghdad, Mustansiriah, and Mosul.].Because this guide is based on the explanation, the detailing and the increase of using active forms especially the pure grammatical forms.A complicit on what it is being arrived at research and to develop it the researcher suggests the followings;1.Make a guide for the facilitation of teaching (Sharih Qatir Al - Nada). 2.Make a comparison study between two groups. One is to be taught by using this guide and another group is to be taught according to the explanation of (Qatir Al - Nada) to have a correct evaluation of their effects on the knowledge of the students in the Arabic language departments. 3.The effect of using texts from the holly Quern for the sake of teaching of the Arabic language rules and grammar in any stage. 4.Make an evaluation study for the book of the (Sharih Qatir Al - Nada and Bel Al - Sada) from the both the students and the teachers, points of views. 5. Make a comparison study between the explanations of (Ibn - Akeel) and (Qatir Al - Nada) and the extent of their effects on the collection of students of the first stage in the Arabic language departments in the colleges of arts and education in the Iraqi universities.
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اثر استراتيجية بديودي (PDEODE) في تصحيح المفاهيم المخطوءة واستبقائها لدى طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي في مادة التاريخ

Author name: وليد حامد طه الطويل التميمي
Supervisor name: خالد جمال حمدي الدليمي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الحالي الى تعرف (( اثر استراتيجية بديودي"PDEODE" في تصحيح المفاهيم المخطوءة واستبقائها لدى طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي في مادة التاريخ))ولتحقيق هدف البحث وضعت الفرضيتين الرئيسيتين الاتيتين : 1. لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلاله (05‚0)، ب
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فاعلية انموذج لاندا في تحصيل طالبات الصف الاول المتوسط في مادة قواعد اللغة العربية == Effective Model For Wanda In The Collection of The First Grade Students In The Average Material Rules of The Arabic Language

Author name: نسور جبار مهدي العباسي
Supervisor name: مثنى علوان محمد الجشعمي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Arabic Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: البحث وضعت الباحثة الفرضية الصفرية الاتية وهي : - لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة ( 0.05 ) بين متوسط درجات طالبات المجموعة التجريبية اللواتي يدرسن المادة على وفق انموذج (لاندا) وبين متوسط درجات طالبات المجموعة الضابطة اللواتي يدرسن المادة نف
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فاعلية استراتيجية العنقود في تنمية التفكير التاملي لدى طالبات الصف الرابع الادبي في مادة التاريخ == The Effectiveness of Cluster Strategy In Developing Reflective Thinking Among Female - Students At Literary Fourth Grade In History

Author name: مروة عدنان فرج زنكنة
Supervisor name: منى خليفة عبجل
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://basicedu.uodiyala.edu.iq/uploads/DHAMYA1/AT2015/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A9%20%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86.pdf
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الحالي الى تعرف (فاعلية استراتيجية العنقود في تنمية التفكير التاملي لدى طالبات الصف الرابع الادبي في مادة التاريخ) من اجل تحقيق هدف البحث صاغت الباحثة الفرضيات الصفرية الاتية : 1 - لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0،05) بين متوسط در | The current study aims at finding out the effectiveness of cluster strategy in developing reflective thinking among students at literary fourth grade in history. So for the purpose of achieving this aim , the researcher formulates the following null hypotheses : 1 - There are no statistically significant differences at level (0.5) between the mean scores of the experimental group which is taught history by cluster strategy and the mean scores of the control group which is taught history by using the traditional way in reflective thinking pre - test and post - test.2 - There are no statistically significant differences at level (0.5) between the mean scores of pretest and posttest to female - students of experimental group who taught history by using the cluster strategy.3 - There are no statistically significant differences at level (0.5) between the mean scores of pretest and posttest to female - students of control group who taught history by using the traditional way of teaching.To achieve the aims of study and verifying its hypotheses, the researcher selected an quasi experimental design. Randomly sample is chosen from the students of fourth stage at Babylon preparatory school. The sample consisted 66 student in the amount of 33 students in each group. Section A is randomly chosen to represent the experimental group which is taught by using cluster strategy , while section B represented control group which is taught by using the traditional way of teaching. An equivalence has been done between the two groups in the number of variables including (Chronological age ( monthly counting ) , academic level of the father, academic level of the mother, Intelligence quotient, pre - test of reflective thinking).History syllabus is stated , representing by the first seven chapters of history textbook (the Arabic and Islamic civilization) which is admitted by Ministry of Iraqi Education for the academic year (2013 - 2014) for students at literary fourth stage. The researchers wrote 156 behavioral goal for the first seven chapters and prepared lesson plans for teaching the two groups of the study and displayed models on a group of specialists to ensure its validity.The researcher constructed reflective thinking which consisted of five skills, viz ; ( meditation, observation, identifying logical fallacies, giving convincing explanations, reaching to conclusions, developing proposed solutions), the number of items is 30 items in amount of 6 items for each skill. The test validity, reliability, coefficient of difficulty and power discrimination have been achieved after applying the test on pilot study which is 100 students of literary fourth grade at Tadmur High school for female. The researcher started the experiment at the beginning of semester one on Tuesday 16/10/2013. At the end of the experiment , reflective thinking pre - test is applied on two groups Tuesday 1/ 9/ 2014, then students' answers are corrected and statistically processed by using T - Test for two independent samples and T - Test for two related (Dependent) samples. The researcher resulted the following; 1 - here are statistically significant differences at level (0.5) between the mean scores of the experimental group which is taught history by cluster strategy and the mean scores of the control group which is taught history by using the traditional way in reflective thinking in favor of experimental group.2 - There are statistically significant differences at level (0.5) between the mean scores of pretest and posttest to female - students of experimental group who taught history by using the cluster strategy in reflective thinking pre - test and post - test in favor of posttest.3 - There are no statistically significant differences at level (0.5) between the mean scores of pretest and posttest to female - students of control group in favor of posttest. In the light of the current results, the researcher concluded the effectiveness of cluster strategy in acquiring reflective thinking skills compared with the traditional way. Accordingly, the researcher recommended the need to use the cluster strategy that proved its effectiveness in the teaching of history and do not stick with the traditional way. Complementing the aspects of current study, the researcher suggested a similar study with other dependent variables such as achievement and the development of creative thinking and systemic.
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