Author name:
حيدر جواد كاظم محياوي السويدي
Supervisor name:
محمد عودة سبتي
Abstract:
ضم البحث في طياته اوراقا تناولت (اثر تحولات النزعة الانسانية في الفن الغربي)، فدرس تحولات النزعة الانسانية في الفكر الفلسفي والجمالي، والنفسي والاجتماعي، ودوره في عصر النهضة والحداثة وما بعد الحداثة، ودوره في توجيه اليات الاشتغال في حركات الرسم من عصر ال | The present research deals with the effect! of humanitarianism in Western art. it studies humanitarianism in philosophical, aesthetic, psychological, and social thoughts , and its role in the Renaissance and modernism and postmodernism , and its role in directing drawing movements from the Renaissance and the modern mechanisms and post modernism , it has four chapters the first chapter is concerned with the methodological framework of the research. the problem here arose and is represented in the following questions : - Man was a measure of all things, was the image of art axis, when this man was the center of the universe, and when there is no longer a universe center, the scale disappears and the image of human holiness is lost. the fundamental question is, in our opinion : How is the image of man trans forried from Western art to abstract symbolic metaphors, and is marginalized to the cubes and lines and even periods, is it a sign for man that he no longer occupies the center of the universe? - What is the impact of humanitarianism in Western art? What are the effeots of these transformations philosophically, socially and psychologically on the human centrel? Its from the opinions of philosophers and scientists in the stage of humanitarianism, to the stage of appearance and prorninence of humanitarianism, of to stage of the end of humanitarianism. - Is there a tendency for shifts such? And whas are their impacts on Western art?.The first chapter also includes the aim of the research : ( Detect the impact of changes of such humanism on Western art ).The limit of the research is the study of works of art ( photography ), which deals with the impact of shifts humanism on Western art to monitor shifts in artistic productions tendency humanity , specifically of the Renaissance and modern art to the postmodernism of European and American art ; or approximately ( 480 ) years , in the years of (1495 - 1975) existing in sources of Arabic and English and reeierawt jourrals , and on the Internet.The second chapter, includes the theoretical framework. It consists of four sections. Section one deals with the humanism concept of historical, philosophical and religious authorities in terms of the problematic concept of humanitarianism, and its characteristics and bases, and its roots in Greece through the Middle Ages and the position of the human to the Renaissance and the launch of humanitarianism, the second section is concerned with Humanism in the modern era (attempts of destabilizing human centre) from a central reverence Humanity self by (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche), to the nature and human self - realization by (Francis Bacon, Hobbes, Locke, Auxt Conte, Diderot, Jean - Jacques Rousseau). the third section deals with Humanism in the era of post - modernism and the dialectic of human philosophy between the center and the margin on self - alienation by (Marx, Sartre, Foucault, and Marcuse), revealing the oppressed and repressed by (Friud, new Friudes, Junk, and Lacan), section Four is related to the effect of humanitarianism on Western art (shifts of human shape on art)) of humanizing the gods in Greek art. to the Apotheosis of man in Central! A ges, Renaissance and Baroque eras, including modernity of (neo - classical, romantisism, realism, symbolism, impressionism, New Impressionism, Expressionism, Alouhoshihism, Cubism, and futurism, Dadaism, Surrealism, to abstractism), And postmodernism of ( abstract expressionism , folk art, conceptual art ( the flesh , and Filoxs ) ). the chapter enols with indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework of the research. to benefit from in the research sample analysis.Chapter I three contains the research procedures which includ the research sample and its aims and the awalysis of the samply which includes (20 ) works of art to show the shifts of humanitarianism and its impact on Western art.The fourth chapter includes the results of the research and conclusions , as well as recommendations and suggestions , it highlights the findings of the research which are : 1. most actual Renaissance were ainfluenced by productions of legends of Greek and myths of the Middle Ages with the magical nature of satanic religious character, which reflects the invisible heaven and hell and devils wich spoiled humanist bodies and portrays angels with humanity women, men and children with wings, and even the gods have a human form, flying between clouds with angels, and showing sometimes strange creatures grappling humans to sin, and appear in the form of monsters with strange shapes fictional and mythical the artist drew from his dreams and fantasies in which the winged forms do not belong to the world of reality. this vision does not influence, the artists of modernism and postmodernism and turning them from Humanitarian of the strange object and fabulous to misshapen compound to disassemble it and likened it with the machine and instrumeut.2. Humanitarian is represented by shifts in form and content undergoing the human form of deification to Chia and alienation , of strange objects and demons and fairy , ghosts to turn it into a tool for murder and terrorism , or a dummy far from the spirit of the human, or turn it into a consumer good physical and sexual , to him monstrosities between animal and plant and rocks and hybrid forms , or to a machine, or hermaphroditic object , the contents of satirical cartoons and , of ugliness and distortion , by reference to the innate and collective unconscious , with feelings and emotions of grief and despair, etc., regarding wars collective and individual and genocides as a result of aggressive and deconstruction and Alabih and barbaric , destruction and rebellion nihilistic negative death which manifestations which represent the tendency of love , peace and critical situation , passing through the disarmament of holiness , marginalization, fragmentation , pluralism and Alamacol , indifference and illogic, which affecte the human form of the Renaissance and modernitsm to postmodernism.The most important conclusions of the research are : 1. Since humanism is what makes the human as the focus of thinking and purpose and higher value, philosophy begin with the concept of humanism glorifing man and worshipping his mind and abilities and idolizing and experience and making him a par with the gods as the center of the universe, and make human the goal and the model.it is the reform movement and the philosophical doctrine focusing on the human to explain the entire universe, and ended with his marg inalizarion and irrefutation and make him on instrument with no will and freedom, man with one dimension, with the Western thought and its hostility of the human person, and even art, psychology and sociology. The tendency of humanitarian effort is to free the man and the achievement of freedom and dignity, We find them in the western approaches to the art of transformation tendency of humanity.2. The shifts in the art of postmodernism come with the exoticism forms that in creaole surprise shock, mystery, and strangeness , the naked body becomes the primary part of the painting in the absence of awareness , and the presence of the unconsciousness , or in the presence of consciousness sometimes , scenes of which man himself is part of whether it is the artwork (such as conceptual art ) and specifically ( body art and Filoxs ) , or be the recipient of man 's role in the artwork with the absence of the artist ( death of the author ) by ( Roland Barthes ) , approaches found in the art Alkraveta , there is no specific artist or metaphorical names , art of environment, rebels and journahistic the humanitarian is corened with linguistic phrases on the walls of government buildings , tunnels, metro trains and buses , and it became the material for advertising by companies of air and ground transportation , later propaganda advertising , this shift in humanitarianism kill entirely the man and marginalize him. where we see no value and no dignity , and no mommers. for this man who become a consumer good , physical expression ( Freud ) , and economic means ( Marx ).The researcher nefers to a set of recommendations and proposals , as well as sources and appendixes and an abstract in English.
