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التشكيل الصوتي للبنى النحوية The Voice Modulation Of A Grammatical Structure

اسم المؤلف: نهى ابراهيم حريجة العظماوي
اسم المشرف: شاكر سبع نتيش الاسدي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
المستخلص: تبحث هذه الاطروحة الموسومة بـ (التشكيل الصوتي للبنى النحوية) في تاثير وحدات التشكيل الصوتي (الفونيم والمقطع والنبر والتنغيم) في البنية النحوية (التركيب والاسلوب)، وهي في تمهيد وثلاثة فصول وخاتمة. وتناولت في التمهيد مفهوم التشكيل الصوتي، وتعدد ترجماته في | This dissertation so called (the voice modulation of grammatical structures) are looking at the effect of units voice formation (phoneme, syllable, stress and toning) in grammatical structure (composition and style) and in clouding a preface, three chapters and conclusion. I explained in the preface the concept of voice for mation and the concept of grammatical structure. The chapter one was entitled (voice formation of grammatical structure bearing phoneme) and in clouded an in reduction and seven sections.In the first, I studied the phoneme in Arabic language which had com prised it and offered types of short and long allophones in Arabic. In second I studied the phonemes of the movements in the Arabic language and offered the functions of the movements (fixed and variable) in the linguistic structure and pointed out how changing move ments (emergency) in grammatical structure and I studied at the third section the reason for the appearance of phonemic (Altham and tween of Altham that it is short vowel add to the word that marked by on a partial (subject and predicate, present verb and subject) had shown how the impact on syllabic structure of partial attribution in the case of replacing the phonemes of (Altham and tween) on with other by depending on the reasons for the appearance. In the fourth I studied the reseason for the appearance of the phonemes Altham and tanween) in operating of derivatives and their impact in functional terms. In the fifth I showed the cause of the appearance of phonemes (al fatah and tanween of fatah that it is short vowel add to the word that marked by) on the object and the complement of clause and affect it. In the sixth, I studied the phoneme sukun in the feminine taa with the present tense almajzum as in fleetional movement because of the effect of the job it. In the seven, I studied the effect of long movement in a grammatical structure in case of past verbs and imperative verb and I explained the syllabic structure and long movements as phonemes (movements) in the nouns. The chapter two was entitled (the voice syllabic structure of a grammatical structures) that involved an in troduction and three sections, the first involved the past and the present verbs nd imperative and the pronouns of syllable.In the second sections, I studied (the emphasis noon) and correlation it with present and imperative verbs, while the third section, I studied the syllabic structure by erected verbs. The chapter three was entitled (the stress toning of the grammatical composition) that it involved an introduction and five section. The first the concept of the stress and its actions in the Arabic language.the second sections I studied the types of the stress in Arabic language and I showed (the precedents and suffites) with the word. In the third, I studied the concept of the toning and its types in Arabic. In the fourth I studied the matter of the difference of the modernists in the presence of the toning in Arabic language in the fifth section I concerned by the effect of toning by the grammatical style and how to change from style to style.The conclusion involved the main results as following 1 - the phoneme of skunk had main role of a grammatical structure. 2 - the phonemes of aldham and alfatah appeared in the past verb. 3 - the appearance of phoneme alfatah as the inflectional movement at the end of the present verb. 4 - the present verb asserted by the final syllable of the verb. 5 - the stress and toning considered from the voice units
الصفحات الاولى:

خطاب الامام الكاظم (عليه السلام) : دراسة في ضوء نظريات الحجاج Speech Of Imam Kadhim (PBUH) A Study In The Light Of Argument Linguistics

اسم المؤلف: سارة علي ناصر العامري
اسم المشرف: قاسم محمد كامل السعيدي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2017
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
المستخلص: The argumentative speech is an authority by which speakers use influence and persuation process, it is a linguistic exercise in a deliberative place among the speakers as a claim for the first and intentionally display objection for the second. Each of which use rhetorical techniques to convince the other by his arguments, these techniques are different according to the difference of the situation. Arguments could be logical. Evidentiary arguments may be linguistic or rhetorical arguments, Imam Kadhim (pbuh) pronounced language as a mechanism lingual from the term until to the manner. Argumentative pronunciation has a central significance in the speech of Imam al - Kazim (AS), for earning a semantic power that derived from destination tags for being intensity argumentation to Quranic issues references to it. As the argumentation word in the speech of Imam al - Kazim (As) does not indicate the functional meanings or news only, but it significance is operative orbital literally in the speech. It can be inferred through turn as an employed word within the meaning of the orbital strategy from the lexical meaning to argumentative and deliberative one by these mental requirements. Concerning compositions in argumentative kadhimian speech are evidentiary units which linked indicatively and judicially, by using orbital lack of communication that reach arguments and results formality and semantically. Lack of communication inside have varied in AL - kazimian speech, it has used the conflict to do argumentative function for the first argument and invalidate it or upgrading of weak argument to a powerful one. As well as, argumentative supporting factions which gather supporting arguments for one result, and argumentative reasoning factions that combine justificatory arguments. Also, the arguing image has an important role in the process of arguing and persuading in AL - Kazmi speech. Argumentation image has taken three evidentiary forms which are ( Analogy and argumentative representation), ( Argumentative Metaphor), (Metony my and exposure argumentation). Regarding argumentative techniques, they vary in AL - kazmi speech. They have employed rhetorical techniques as arguing use, including the style of question, as they changed from direct normative style to other argumentative styles, such as problematic question or answering question or justificatory question, in addition to reproaching question for doing arguing purposes that associated with each type from questions. Among other techniques, negation one as a polemical strategy for rejection within multiple forms. AL - Imam has used inclusion and scorching arts as arguing style, so Imam's speech include higher arguments, like a Quranic text and poetry to deduce its authenticity. As well as dialog reproaching which transmit intense arguments indicatively because of mental requirements that rever to it. Concerning logical methods are techniques that designed to demonstrate non - rebuttable and denial. One of these methods is argumentative inference. Imam has been inferred on the credibility of his arguments in Quranic text or wisdom, or in a manner of syllogism, or by induction way, or by argumentative hierarchy. He has also used psychological and methods ways for the purpose of emotional persuasion and influence. He has used argumentative narration (appetitive and intimidating) as a evidentiary prelude to the credibility of the intended addressee in accepting it or intimidate him for not accepting it. As well as, he use catalysts ad valorem, as arguments that attitude based upon it, and belonging catalysts which are oriented towards addressee's emotion to influence him. And by the close, Imam has used all the linguistic capabilities of language starting from word, structure, and image to manner employing it argumentatively for persuading the target audience of different conditions.
الصفحات الاولى:

البنية الاسلوبية للجنة والنار في القران الكريم The Stylistic Structure Of Paradise And Hell In Holy Quran

اسم المؤلف: Ahmad G. Naif Alsaadoon
اسم المشرف: عبد الواحد زيارة اسكندر المنصوري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2007
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: Stylistics is born under the shadow of the modern phonological studies and achieves a balance and connection between the distance and the literary distance , bordering its field in studying the literary phenomenon through the phonological entry. It starts from the idea that the expressive context as a unity can be achieved by seueral phonological patterns. Since the stylistics is directed essentially to the expressive text ; and the research in its creativity and wit , and the texts are distinguished by components of the text that prepares for the influence and acceptance in the recepiant. The aesthetic and literary value of the text is not occur except by the options of its tools and expressive methods and it is not separated from it but subordinate to it and rotate in the frame of its machinery. Because of what the stylistics characterized by nonalliance in the view to the text as it is a materialistic entity stands by itself , so the researcher tries to recite this methodology and grasp benefit in understanding the holy Qur'an text especially the scenes of paradise and hell. He also follows what it has of aesthetic values and stylistic features , and expressive features , and reveals the system that governs the grammatical relations with in the holy Quran text “ the scenes of paradise and hell “. The researcher also tries throughout his study of some scenes to uncover some of the features and obscure in other times using stylistic methodology and its linguistic tools by different ways as calculating one time and structural in other times and the alliances and defectives in the third time and imaging in fourth , the articulated bell and tone in fifth time
الصفحات الاولى:

ظاهرة الاستعمال في كتاب الخصائص لابن جني ت 392 هـ

اسم المؤلف: ماجد جميل كاظم غيلان الزهيري
اسم المشرف: سامي علي جبار المنصوري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2009
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

الفروق الدلالية في الاسلوب القراني

اسم المؤلف: حسين عودة هاشم
اسم المشرف: فاخر هاشم سعد الياسري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2007
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: The Quranic text is characterized by its brilliant composition and precise choice of words. It has its own manner by which it challenges what the Arabs were exellent in. Since then up to now, the Quranic style has been for a considerable study and meditation when the jurist, these jurisprudent, and the linguist have tend tn irrigate themselves from its sweetness in an attempt to contemplate 011 the distingnishcd connotations of its various manner. The linguists have been reflecting on the iilimitability and rhetoric nature of Holy Quran through using accurate vocabulary items or excellent formation of its installation in an endeavour to justify the intended significance of these marvelous points in spite of their efforts to get the semantic purpose but there was barely an uuanimous concept to happen among the schlars of the Qunrnic text not to reach to an access of the peremptory Quranic text and the real secrets behind using certain structure rather than the other or select an item instead of the other, so this study is bascdon the views of the former semantic meanings of the items and tl1eir occurrence in the context attempting to offer an opinion or to render an idea concerning the the idea of the Quranic Rhetoric through chosing a procedure based on semantic differentiation rising from thevarious Quranic style in a certain context rather than the other considering all Iinguistiv tendencies beginning from Al - Sufy to Al - Mu'jamy and this what distinguish this study from the previous ones. It comprises four sections : section one deals with the semantic discriminativity on the phonetic level through two ways; the first studies sound inside the item structure and the other investigates the comma differences because of its different places.In section two, studies the semantic differences on the level of Morphology through studying the aspect and its divergences such as replacement, suffires, elision, and the study of masculine and feminine forms. Section three is about the semantic distinction on the structured level concerning sertences ellipsis, mentioning , structured deviation, and the contertual ~'.~~~~~ally, section four deals with this aspect or semantics on t~e li~fof·.··d1.~ ·.'.i··t· ~ •. m. si~ficance in the Qnranic text divided into two parts : nomm3[,ablvrrbal a.n~#'arc followed by the results of the study.
الصفحات الاولى:

الغزل الحضري في العصر الاموي عند الدارسين المحدثين : دراسة نقدية Urban Love Poetry In The Ommaiyed Age Among Modern Scholars

اسم المؤلف: ميسون محمد عبد الواحد
اسم المشرف: نضال ابراهيم ياسين
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2008
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: he research is a critical study of "Urban Love Poetry in the Ommaiyd ge among Modem Scholars". It is a study of a general human subject ecific to a certain age, i.e. "Ommaiyd Age".It studies a special manner of love poetry, "Urban Love Poetry". It s determined by a spatial determinant which is the poets of Mecca and edineh.The poets include Omar lbn Abi Rabei'a, Al'rjee, Al Ahuas, and Al Harith Al Makhzumi. Although Omar has been studied a great deal ; the other poets have been studied in a very limited way. Most of these studies focused on the social, historical and political sides. Few or them tackled the artistic side, namely the critical one.Departing from this nation, the research plan includes an introduction, a preface, three chapters, conclusion, bibliography, and an abstract in English.The introduction first contains a theoretical entry to the Urban Love Poetry. It second studies the manners of Love Poetry in the. Ommaiyed Age : the virgin love poetry, the Urban Love Poetry, and the · traditional one. Third, the purpose behind the critical study of the Urban Love Poetry discourse in the Ommaiyed Age among modem scholars is clarified.The first chapter entitled "Urban Love Poetry in the Ommaiyed Age among Modem Scholars" (concept - the causes of currency and popularity - subjects) consists of three sections. In the first section, the axis of the concept of love poetry is studied. In the second section, the axis of currency and popularity is studied. The subjects of the Urban Love Poetry is studied in the third section. The second chapter entitled "Stylistic Features of the Urban Love Poetry among Modem Scholars" includes three sections as well. In the first section, the language of the love poetry is studied. The linguistics styles are studied in the second section. In the third section, the image in the Urban Love Poetry is studied.As for the third chapter entitled "The Fictive Features of the Urban Love Poetry among Modem Scholars", it contains three sections. In the first section, place is tackled. In the second section, time is tackled.Character, plot, and poetic dialogue are studied in the third section.As for the method of the critical study, it departs from a common trend called "Criticism of Criticism". This trend adopts the criteria of eclecticism, exposition, disclosing and analysis, documenting poetic texts, criticism of explanations and critical analyses, and critical evaluation. In the conclusion, the research uncovered that most of the opinions of critics have been inaccurate and slightly subjective. These opinions depended on classical sources like Al Aghani that contain recants that are in need of much checking and documenting. Besides, the view of the modem scholars of love poetry and its kinds need to be revised critically. The research uncovers that much of Omar Ibn Abi Rabei'a, Al'rjee, Al Ahuas', and Al Harith's poetry totally hold a mild meaning of love poetry that is to some extent of the extremely eccentric and the extremely obscene. The poetry of these poets corresponds with the spirit of their age and putatively imitates the preIslamic poetry.B
الصفحات الاولى:

مطولات الشعر العربي الحديث رثاء الامام الحسين عليه السلام انموذجا من 1900 - 1960 م : دراسة في المضامين الموضوعية والبناء الفني

اسم المؤلف: وليد جميل خفي العكيلي
اسم المشرف: سوادي فرج مكلف
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2010
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: a structure depending on growing units similar to the techniques of fictional structure. Also, the elegy for those poets was limited to the pure elegy ailns the tnost important feature of these long tragic poems during this period is that it was a conservative literature and a container of revolutionary iinplications : religious, historical, psychological, and political. As for the poetic language, the long tragic poem had artistic features which 1nade it more influential in the readers through the mass use of religious expressions suiting the elegy intention which aims to show sadness and weeping for affecting the passions of the readers. Concerning nai11es of famous people and setting, of.course, the natnes of Imam Hussein was the first among those fr1mous people. The researcher finds out that these long tragic poems have a lot of prominent stylistic features used by the poets for affecting listeners and attracting their attentions. They implied orders, vocations, and questions. The poets also used speech repetition with all of its types.As for rhythm, the poets tended to use meters such as Al - Raml, Al - khafif, Al - Basitc, Al - Tawil, and Al - Wafir Al - Mutakarib Concerning rhyme, the poets were divided into two sides : the first who uses one rhy111e only with the letters (111, b, and L) systemas a rhyme of same Jong tragic poems. The poetic i1nage in long tragic poems was divided into two types : static and Dynamic iinage. While the beginning in long tragic poems was on two trends : the first which has direct aim. The second which has beginning. Firally, the long tragic poems in Imam Hussein during that period was very expressive about its stage and relevant to the culture of that era. They implicate the historical events andstarting from the baUk of karhala lo c111body the reflecting situation or s11ch horrible event. Then, ii makes this battle a lightening point and a high !lag embodying a greatest sacrifice and most sacred martyrdom produced by a man and being as a sacrifice to hisrdigious beliefs and courage.
الصفحات الاولى:

الاقتباس والتضمين في نهج البلاغة : دراسة اسلوبية The Quotation And Implementation In Nahjul Balaga

اسم المؤلف: كاظم عبد فريح المولى
اسم المشرف: سوادي فرج مكلف
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2006
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: This thesis is entitled " quotation and implementation in Nahjul Balaga" The holy Quran Hadieth , the old Arabic poetry and proverbs are considered as a source for the writers and poets along the time. And "Nahjul Balaga " is one of them. It is considered as the most important example in making use of such sources , because the huge amount of quotations and implementations it contains.The quotations and implementations are used in " Nahjul Balaga " in two different ways ; direct and indirect ways. It is easy to understand the first one but it is difficult to attribute the second one.The way of the quotation and the implementation , Al Emam uses , shows his great ability in memorizing and the good handling of analyzing the texts.The thesis is divided into two parts : The first is entitled as " The quotation in Nahjul Balaga " and the second is " implementation in Nahjul Balaga ". Each one has three chapters The first chapter is allotted to show the kinds of both the quotations and mplementations. The second chapters sheds lights on their functions. The third one deals with the characteristics of each kind.All this is done after an introduction about the linguistic and idiomatic meanings of the quotation and the implementation and the relationship between them and the modern theory of the text. At the end the researchers conclude the important findings andthere is also a bibliography for the books and journals adopted in this study It is a simple attempt to serve our Arabic tradition and to be one of those who tried to do so.At the end I have to thank all those who read , correct , comment and translate the work. Thank you and God bless you
الصفحات الاولى:

ايات التوحيد والقدرة في السور المكية : دراسة دلالية بلاغية Verses Of Monotheism In The Meccan Suras Of The Holy Quran : A Semantic Rhetorical Study

اسم المؤلف: محســن طاهــر اســكندر
اسم المشرف: عبد الحسين المبارك
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: This research aims at introducing a view to investigate the linguistic and rhetorical styles and their value in the suras under study through realizing their explicit artistic and linguistic elements , analyzing and exploring the secrets of the underlying inherent beauty in their linguistic structure and rhetorical construction. The approach adopted in this study depends on analyzing the samples and components of the rhetorical and linguistic discourse. The study is theoretical and analytical. lt also investigates the rhetorical styles in syntax as necessitated by the subject so as to infer the extent of agreement between what linguists and rhetoricians determine as rules and principles on one side and the linguistic and rhetorical actuality of the texts of the suras under study on the other. This study is made of an introduction and four chapters. The introduction explores the concepts of verse in language and in terminology and of classifying the suras into Meccan and Madania. Chapter one discusses the semantic level of the lexeme in a way to reveal its essential meaning and features. Chapter tow highlights the level of the narrative structure the topic of the narration clause. Here ,the researcher shows the types and linguistic displacement of the structure, the concept of the clause , classifying clauses into nominal and verbal elements and places of the predicate in the sentence and finally what may come upon the sentence concerning citing and deletion, postponement and advancement and rhetoric's of emphasis. Chapter three linguistic styles Rhetorical First Section : The is about the linguistic styles (paragraph)request style : (Interrogative , Order, Negative , and Appeal).Second Section : Rhetorical Styles. It sheds light on the artistic imagery like similarity, metaphor and metonymy.
الصفحات الاولى:

دلالة التعدية واللزوم في التعبير القراني

اسم المؤلف: سعيد ابراهيم صيهود القطراني
اسم المشرف: فاخر هاشم سعد الياسري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: the meaning. The most important form of intransitive structures is describing the sense on resurrection.The third chapter deals with suggestion denotations between transitive and intransitive in community structures and its different meaning.Thus I hope that I am succeeding in presenting a tiny effort to serve the Holy Mighty Quran. If I succeed that is from glory Allah help that he is given to whom he wishes, and if I am not, it is very reliving that I do my all best.Finally I thank Allah for everything and peace upon our prophet Mohammed bin Abd - Allah.Since, it is a wide subject to deal with, this dissertation falls into three main chapters, it is preceded by preface and followed by the main conclusion of the study in the preface the researcher deals with the suggestive denotation from linguistic view points as it is a partial part in the study. And it’s the base of the study subject. The first chapter is divided into three section ,the second chapter is divided into two sections, but the third chapter without any sections.The first chapter consists of three sections the first one study the transitive structure and the different denotations in the Quran expression. Concerning the second section, the researcher yields the denotation from structure perspective (emitting, forwarding and delaying). The research concentrate on the transitivity in Quran. The intransitive of subject and object reflects the coherence in Quran text and the strength of the expressions that coordinated with other elements of the structure. For example there is only subject and there is object. Whereas the third section deals with indirect transitive in the Quran expressions and its denotation inside the Quran text. Quran uses the letters very precisely as it puts a letter in a correct place, there are transitive verb by themselves ones or by a transitive letter sometimes. And there are verb become transitive by a letter within a context and another text. So each verb has it denotations, whereas the second verb reflects intransitive meaning of the Quran meaning. Therefore it is put in two sections : the first one is specified for presenting the denotation meaning of the intransitive structures across Quran expressions, whilst the second one deals with structural meaning of intransitive verbs, as the structures a reflection onThis study is about (The Suggestive Denotation To The transitive And Intransitive In The Quran Expression) ,and there is no secret that the search in holly Quran is very difficult because its deal with texts created by glory Allah, that's every word in strong structure , however every letter in it put in the appropriate place then no other letter can put instead of other one, And that's the secret of its power.Maybe from the reconciliation and good luck to search in the book of glory Allah, and this need to try hard and more followed, then my master Dr. Fakher Al - Yassiry refer to study (The Suggestive Denotation To The Transitive And Intransitive In The Quran Expression), thus there was double feeling in my soul between fear and worry to study the book of glory Allah, because there is difficult come from studied the suggestive denotation in the Quran expression, and that don't interest in the external things ,but search in suggest denotation in simples and marks - more of this - that subject don’t control to stable ,constant rules and no one standard in Quran expression, that maybe transitive come in intransitive form, and the intransitive come in transitive form.The importance of subject is come from it's study what suggest of denotation from simples and marks, so, the subject is study the structure and its picture inside the Quran text ,then its study the building structures and his appropriate with the other structures, then study denotation of all this in clearing the suggestive denotation.
الصفحات الاولى:

الاخر في الخطابة العربية الاسلامية حتى سنة 132هـ Simulation Of The “Other” In Arabic - Islamic Oratory Until 132 A.H

اسم المؤلف: اثير حميد محمد
اسم المشرف: نضال ابراهيم ياسين
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: In modern academic writing we need to open doors on our legacy henceforth we decided to write on the other in Arabic - Islamic oratory until 132 A.H. since it has sufficient data to be studied. Working with the cultural criticism means overcoming the aesthetic vision that dominated for a long time and dealing with the text as structure related to cultural structuralism affected by the cultural authority. The “other” is a topic which is part of the cultural criticism that reveals the intertextuality in the texts which in tern reveals the consciousness of the sender and receiver. Although there are many studies that deal with Arabic oratory, but the approach we adopt is totally different. We consulted so many history books and Islamic books in order to arrive at the exact meaning of the text and the connotations of the context of situation. Accordingly, the study falls into introduction, three chapters and conclusion. The introduction displays the necessary terminology which the dissertation is based on like : the other, simulation and oratory. We depended on some references and the opinion of some authorities and the way these terms are employed by modern writers. Besides, the Quraanic usage is also adopted. Chapter One deals with the other in the oratory of the prophet (pbuh) and his companions. It consists of four sections. The first tackles the Muslim Other , whereas the second tackles the woman. The thirs deals with the believer for which we chose Abu Bakr Al - Sadeeq where the fourth section is devoted to the other who is consistent with the prophet(pbuh). The second part is devoted to the public other. We recognized that the prophet(pbuh) dealt with the other equally. People have no favorism except in loyalty. He uses very easy expressions and structures. Chapter Two covers the opponent in the oratory of Imam Ali(pbuh). Section one deals with his followers ho refrained from Jihad. Section two deals with the opponent other in the oratory of Imam Hassan (pbuh) and Imam Hussein(pbuh). Section three displays the topic in the thought of Khawarij. Whereas section four deals with the opponent in the oratory of Al - Hajjaj. What is remarkable in this period is oratory has a Hajjaji style due to conflicts and clashes. Chapter Three durveys the levels of the other. It falls into three sections. The first one shows the oratory from superior to inferior. It includes advice and guidance, threat and political, religious and administrative guidance from the Caliph to the public. Section two deals with the match. The first part tackles the political match. Part two tackles the social match. Whereas the third part covers the religious match which is characterized by an easy going style since the addressee is a match. The second section is devoted to oratory from inferior to superior. It is divided into three parts. Part one deals with sympathy and appeal. Part two deals with challenge. Part three deals with counseling and preaching which is characterized by being calm.
الصفحات الاولى:

المدارس الصوتية عند العرب : النشاة والتطور Schools Of Phonology In Arabic : The Rise And Development

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: علاء جبر محمد الموسوي
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: عبد الله احمد الجبوري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2004
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: الحمد لله حمدا كثيرا وسبحان الله بكرة واصيلا، والصلاة والسلام على رسوله الذي ارسله بالحق مبشرا ونذيرا وشاهدا وهاديا وسراجا منيرا، وعلى اله الذين اذهب الله عنهم الرجس وطهرهم تطهيرا. وبعد : فالصوت ظاهرة طبيعية،تستلزم وجود جسم في حالة اهتزاز او تذبذب،وهذه | Ancient Arab scholars spent invaluable efforts within the area of Arabic phonology. These efforts prove that such scholars are fully aware of the nature of sounds and the speech organs which were accurately described. Laws and rules for sounds were set up and the relationship between these sounds were shown. These efforts and contributions are easily recognized by Abualaswad Al - Dwali's self - observation and Al - Khalil Bin Ahmed's classification of speech sounds. The latter described speech sounds from an articulatory point of view which had laid the foundation for a school called lexical phonology. In addition Sibawaihi classified Arabic speech sounds in terms of place of articulation. Such a classification gave rise to what is called the grammarians' school of phonology.It is beyond dispute that the subfields of Arabic linguistics are interrelated to one another and to the Glorious Quran. It is very rare to find a given topic which is for instance, purely morphological, i.e. other levels of linguistic analysis are in valued in it. Due to this characteristic, there is a variety of studies as far as the general attitude of works is concerned.The present study sets itself to gather the contributions of these schools of phonology and clarifies the procedures followed by the leading figures of each school. Such schools have been classified in the light of the aims behind studying the phonological material. Accordingly, five schools have been investigated in the present work. In addition, an introductory chapter entitled "schools of phonology and knowledge Heritage by Arabs' is devoted to the perspective of the study and how far it is applied to the schools of phonology by ancient Arab scholars.As for the first chapter, it is concerned with the school of "lexical phonology" and how those "lexicophonolgists dealt with the phonological material. The leading scholar here is Al - Khalil Bin Ahmed Al - Farahidi who was taken as an example by other lexicophonologists. The second chapter is devoted to the treatment of phonological material by Arab grammarians who gave rise to the "grammarians' school of phonology." within this school, the phonological study underwent development which started before Sibawaihi. It is true to say that the latter brought it to maturity. in his famous book " Al - Kitab". The third chapter is named as "The phonology school of Readers". The efforts of a group of scientists have been dealt with. Those scholars gave priority to the phonological study which farmed the basis for their investigations. The fourth chapter concerns itself with the treatment of the phonological material by some Muslim philosopher. They investigated the material from a physical and articulatory standpoint. Although such a school had lasted for a long period of time, it had not attracted a large number of scholars. Concerning chapter five, it has studied the phonological efforts of rhetoricians. These efforts have not been given due attention by previous studies. The study of phonology by those scholars is not a marginal one, rather it is serious and systematic. Al - Kahalil Bin Ahmed Al - Farahidi organized his dictionary (Al - Ain) on the basis of phonology to give the lexical units a phonological arrangements. As to Sibawaihi, he focused on the study of Arabic speech sounds in order to precisely investigate assimilation. He maintains that he described the letters of the dictionary so that one can recognize where assimilation is possible or not. Regarding the rhetoricians, they adopted a totally different approach to study sounds where the theory of articulation of sounds is considered as a rhetorical and critical criterion to judge whether a particular word is standard or not. Scholars of readings are concerned with how sounds are articulated or produced. The dealt with the distinctive features characterizing speech sounds. They also viewed speech sounds from a physical point of view
الصفحات الاولى:

معاني الحروف الثنائية والثلاثية بين القران الكريم ودواوين شعراء المعلقات السبع The Meanings Of Two - Letter And Three - Letter Prepositions In The Holy Quran And The Diwans Of Poets Of The " Seven Suspended Poems

اسم المؤلف: رزاق عبد الامير مهدي الطيار
اسم المشرف: نعمة رحيم كريم العزاوي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2005
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: This study shows the effect of the Holy Quran in the development of Arabic language as we believe that the Holy Quran has enriched Arabic language with great creative energies which have not reached before its revelation though it has got to an advanced stage of development.In order to know the amount of Quranic development in the use of the sort of preposition known in Arabic as : Huroof al - ma'ani , (Huroof al - mani ) and specify its size and places, the study has chosen the two - latter and Three - latter prepositions in order to investigate their Quranic uses. In order to know this development , the Quranic uses were compared with another texts of rhetoric which represent the best rhetoric al ones before the revelation of Quran.This texts were quoted from the poetry of " The Suspended Poems ". The study has chose the Diwans of The Seven Suspended Poems according to Al - zozani version. their poets were : Umru'a aL - Qeis (80 b.h) ; Turaf bin AL - Abd (60 b.h) ; AL - Harith bin Hilleza (54 b.h) ; Amr bin Kalthoom (39 b.h) ; Antara bin Shadad (22 b.h) ; Zuhair bin Abi Salma (13 b.h) ; Labeed bin Rabia AL - Amiri (41 a.h).The Study has investigated the use of two - Letter and three - Letter prepositions in their Diwans and balanced the Quranic use with them. That was in three chapters the first chapter entitled "the preposition : its whatness , its place in language and use. This is a theoretical chapter which explained the meaning of the prepositions and its place among the parts of speech in Arabic and the ancient and modern Arab philologist's view point of its nature and function.Also the Speech levels in the use of words and how to change the means of eliciting the meaning according to the different levels speech The chapter has also presented the two theories of "alternation and affirmation" which were used to deal with the multi meaning of the preposition. The chapter ends with the conclusion on that the two theories are not exempt from criticism.In chapter two the study dealt with a new theory which can be applied to deal with problem of multi meanings of prepositions. it was entitled "The Central Connotation and Peripheral Connotation". This theory was applied to two - letter and three - letter prepositions successfully.As for the third chapter entitled " The Effect of Quranic Context in the Meaning of Letters " , it specified and limited with numbers the places of Quranic improvement of meaning of two - letter and three - letter prepositions.This was in two sections. the first was dedicated for revealing the meanings used and improved by the Holy Quran ; the second section was dedicated for the Quranic use of new meanings.It was found that there were five central meanings created by the Quran. There were also fourteen peripheral meanings which were not used before the revelation. This was the most important finding of the research through which the study could prove the theory presented at the outset of chapter three which is " the Quranic context is an essential influence in the improvement of the meanings of preposition ".There are other findings which have been found by the study. foremost of which is the amount of using two - letter prepositions by the Quran (48%) over what was with the Arab poets. the three - letter prepositions (42%) over what was used by the Arab poets.Most of the two - letter prepositions used in Quran were (from - min - من) and so was the case in poetry. The less widely used preposition was (what - ayاي) which indicates the answer. And in the poetry, the less used preposition was (wa وا) which was not used by the Quran.In general the Quran has used the two - letter and tree - letter prepositions widely.These are the most important findings. One can refer to the graphs at the end of the study in order to review the findings
الصفحات الاولى:

قصيدة النثر العراقية : دراسة في الانساق الثقافية Iraqi Prose Poem Study Of Cultural Norms

اسم المؤلف: هيثم كاظم صالح
اسم المشرف: سوادي فرج مكلف
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: The current study addresses the cultural norms in the Iraqi prose poem, as it represents a trial to detect the control and prevalence of such norms in the discourse of the poem. The study also reveals the directions of norms domination in the message of the prose poems, as well as the detection of the revival of old cultural norms in new verses. The current study takes the Iraqi prose poem as field of researching as the latter represents a phenomenon that apply the same conditions of cultural criticism and norm requirements. The prose poem indeed is a puzzling and encrypted production having the potential of cultural mystification around it. The study is made of three chapters, introduction, and a conclusion, followed by a list of references and bibliography, with an abstract and a table of contents. The first chapter is entitled "The Prose Poem and Cultural Norms" which starts with introduction of two sections; the first of which is entitled "Norms (emergence, concept, and interference)", while the second section is entitled "Norms between Breach and Revival". The last section carries two directions; the first of which is "Prose Poem and Breach of Norms", and the second is "Prose Poem and Revival of Norms". This section represents theorization about the norms, their emergence, interference with culture, then their domination, and prevalence in the prose poem examined to detect its breach of cultural norms, with applied texts of that breach, then the way of norms revival thereto, the way of getting norms back into original forms, and the untold in their discourse. The second chapter is entitled "Poem of Centre and Cultural Norms" which is made of an introduction and three sections. The first of which is "Prose Poem and Domination Norm" while the second section is "Prose Poem and the Norm of Abuse" formed of two directions; the first direction is "Abuse of Others/ The Black", and the second direction is "Abuse of Others/ The Woman". Then comes the third section, which is "Prose Poem and the Norm of estrangement". The last chapter includes applied texts concerning the issue of cultural norm and its revival in the discourse of prose poem. This chapter revealed some inherited and normal ideas like (Masculinity / Class) and Death haunted the Iraqi individual. Therefore, the poetic verses come to sustain such ideas and reinforce them with the idea of old norms revival with new aesthetics.The chapter also make clear the modality of the return of center and margin in the poem texts claiming the margins equity, in time other centers are created in conflict with new margins. The third chapter is entitled "Margin Poem and Cultural Norms" also formed of an introduction and two sections; the first of which is "Kurdish Prose Poem, which in turn consists of two directions (The first is Prose Poem and Ego Norm, and the second is Prose Poem and Revenge Norm), while the second section is entitled "Femininity Prose Poem". The second section carries three directions. These directions are "Prose Poem and Subordination Norm", "Prose Poem and Centrism Norm", and "Prose Poem and Violence Norm". This chapter is also an applied one as well, as the researcher employs poetic verses implying the cultural norm, with the potentiality of cultural interpretation, encrypted texts, showing Revolutionary characteristics, implying the norm or appeasement. Thus, the chapter shows the creation of cultural norms and their inheritance in various people classes, whether centered in culture or Marginalized. As shown above, the study revealed the control of cultural norms over our discourses, their effect our vision of life, and communication with others. Later, the poem is seen to have created a new center parallelized to the center of old texts. Therefore, the Iraqi accomplishment of prose poem may have potential reactionary roots and dictatorship, as well as having the possibility of revolutionary origins and progressiveness. Hence appears the effect of cultural norm, which gets deeply rooted as more as it is thought to be retroactive or impairment. That's what is revealed through the course of this study, and tried to be shown in this thesis.
الصفحات الاولى:

القراءات المنسوبة لائمة اهل البيت : دراسة لغوية Quranic Reading Accredited To Ahlualbait : A Linguitic Study

اسم المؤلف: زكي سعدون عبد الصبيح
اسم المشرف: نوري حساني علوان الكاظمي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: Quranic Readings are considered of holy rank as it illustrates how to perform the pronunciation of Quranics wordings which convey the meaning of the divine message in order to deliver it to the people so they will have no plea against Allah after the Messengers. This thesis (Readings of Ahl Albait, The Infallible, Semantics Study) contributes towards the investigation and research process of the reading that represents an extension to the reading of the prophet pbuhap in performance and manner to become effective factors in delivering the divine message successfully.To meet this target, this thesis adopted the following methodInductive method; this will be through inducing the wording that the infallible Ahl Albeit used in their reading. Then working on objectively classifying this wording based on the semantics of the pronunciation that was delivered. This thesis is studied from three aspectsFirstly : the theoretical side. This is will be via the explanation of the infallible’s character and his reading features. In addition, what this thesis has revealed about the unique nature of this reading that segregate it from all other public readings; that is its focus on the illustration side in reading, and in particular, the illustration at the ideological level which represents the essence of religion and the divine message.Secondly : researching derivative and spiritual approaches of the references of the reading, considering the first lexical, reading, as a reference to explain the wording, and the second lexical as a reference to explain jurisprudential rule. All that by leveraging of : the common points and the joint connector which refers to the linguistic lexical. That is in addition to, the effort of the researcher to establish a “Semantics approach” between the reading, as a performance, and the Quran, as the theater of this performance. This thesis revealed the meeting of the pronunciation, lexical, reading and Quran on a common Indication that links them all to the deriving’s origin from that tripartite term.Thirdly : The analytical side. Wordings that Ahl Albait expressed its readings will be analysed and classified into two indicative levels, the morphological level and the grammarian level. This paper will not deal with pronunciation and lexical semantics due to the fact that Ahl Albait reading is not preoccupied with sound resources like “Alemala”, “Alaalal” or substitution or any other audio study resources. The focus of Ahl Albait is directed towards the explanation of the meaning and enlightening the receiver with guidance that Quran has come with. Their reading has not bothered with pronunciation performance but made pronunciation as mean of contact and communications between spokesperson and the receivers. As of the lexical level, their reading did not come up with wordings that are sufficient to establish a chapter on this subject. However, it may be noticed that this subject is slightly referred to in the study of morphological and grammarian levels.This paper has been presented in an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion as per the following : The Introduction, where the reason behind selecting this subject is explained. As well as highlighting the importance of the subject and its intended goals. Then winding up with a plan of study of this paper.Chapter one, is a research study on the characteristics of Ahl Albait reading at the reader’s level and at reading materials’ level. Adding a research study to explain the relation between the lexical material, the reading and Quran due to their common lexical and semantics material. This chapter is wind up with a semantic approach between Quran and the narrations to illustrate the explanatory reading.Chapter two : presents a research study on the morphological level in Ahl Albait reading within three aspects. The first is on the morphological level and its relation with the explanatory reading. The second on conjugation morphology in Ahl Albait’s (pbut) reading. The third on the derivative morphology in their reading (pbut).Chapter three : a research study on grammarian level of the reading of ahl Albair (pbut). This chapter contains foreword and two case studies. The first case study addresses (increase and decrease) in ahl Albait’s reading and its effect on the structural indication. The second case study addresses the changes in structural wording and its effect on the semantics.Conclusion : summerises the output that this paper has reached, which represent the outcome of the research path of this thesis in a subject that may be looked at as unpresented in the academic research field.Praise be to Allah alone and peace be upon Mohammed and his progeny.
الصفحات الاولى:

دلالات لفظ النور ومراتبه في احاديث ائمة اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) في كتاب بحار الانوار للعلامة المجلسي (ت 1110هـ) Meaning Of The Word ''Noor'' (Light) And Categories In The Traditions Of The Imams (Peace Be Up On Them) In The Book 'Behar Al Anwar' of Al - Alaama Al - Majlisi

اسم المؤلف: خنـساء مـهدي حمود
اسم المشرف: احمد رسن صحن
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: The Bene ficent the Marciful ,The greatful for the lord of world ,and peace be upon Mohammed and his hold. The tradition of Imamat (peace be upon them) Considered as knowledge tradition carried the thought from the meditation ; but the dust of history disapearanecl in the Acadimic studying , Since Several known reason. The Selection of a Title of research is (The Semantic of ligt words and them layrs in Imamat traditions ''peace be opan thim'' which has in Behar AL.Anwar book by AL.Allama Al majlesy) , The research deals with the storg of those tradition and analysis them semantically dependedonthe rules of text natural Such as the energy of semantic which pike up from atext. The research contained three chapters in front of preface of research and in the end the final of reseach , In the preface of research explain what related with the title of research such as semantic , the light word , and semantic layrs. Chaptar one which is to pic (the ligt of semantic sense ) which divided in to four discussion and it's division basses on the relations between texts. Chapter two collected the important top of tradition texts which deals with the absolute lights and it is divided in to two discussions the frist one (the perfact ligt semantic) ,and second (the lights semantic ) ,so it's contained more of compound and semantic roles which completed. Chapter three have a field of absolute light which divided in to typs : the lord light , and creative light in ends of chapters. There are final , which contained the praised of Allah and abstracts of research. The praised of Allah the Lord world
الصفحات الاولى:

النقائض في الدرس النقدي العربي الحديث Al NAQA 'ID In The Modern Arabic Criticism Studies

اسم المؤلف: كامل عبد المحسن جاسم الحسن
اسم المشرف: احمد حياوي السعد
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: This study deals with contemporary critics and scholars ' opinions for one of the poetic arts that strongly emerged in the literature of the Amawi era , namely , ( Al NAQA'ID ). The Study aims to discover the way through which the Arabic critical blog of the modern age treats such type of heritage texts as well as reveal the shifts which hit the Modern Arabic Critical system in the first place , so - called the Age of (Revival) , the time when contextual methodologies widely prevailed and were concerned mainly with outer contexts of the social , historical and psychological conditions surrounding the text and its cultural and social medium through (textual criticism) in the age of Modernism up to Reading & construe methodologies in the Post - Modernism age. The study is based on two concepts. The first one is based on the concept of discourse as a group of texts directed into a specific critical scope. The second is stemming from the constructive concept of Arabic Poetry in the Arabic Criticism system since long ago , which is based on the fact that the lyric poem is a linguistic structure includes ( form and content). Form is meant to include the issues of language , rhythm and Poetic Imageries. On the other hand , Content represents the meanings and thoughts included in the form. Hence , the researcher went ahead in dismantling this discourse into two sides. The first one contained the thematic issues and phenomena. The other side is the artistic issues and phenomena. In terms of Arabic critical methodologies , they represented the central crystal with which the discourse was concerned. It is indeed a methodological discourse based on methodical bases as specified by Modern Western methodologies , taking in consideration cultural Arabic particularity. The most important outcome of this research is the confirmation that The Modern Arabic Critical Discourse compared with Al NAQA'ID was coinciding with critical shifts that touched the modern Arabic discourse structure in general and they furthermore approved the dominance of thematic sides in the heritage text at the expense of artistic ones. Moreover , they manifested the strong presence of the historical and social methodology with a relative absence of the psychological one in terms of themes. Concerning artistic sides , the researcher noticed the intensive care that Arabic critics and scholars lavished so as to disclose the recognized artistic structure of Al NAQA'ID text through their works of disclosing the linguistic nature therein and the denotation of metaphor element in its structure. I also disclosed their endeavors in studying the rhythmical level , poetic imagery , as well as the critics ' interest in studying the involvement of the thematic phenomena such as Irony phenomenon , meaning exploration , expatriation , cultural involvement. Moreover , involving artistic phenomena such as bi - antagonism , argumentation and repetition. Furthermore , The research showed the critics ' agreement over the emptiness of such art from organic unity which was replaced by line unity on the poets part thereof equal to the heritage texts in Old Arabic Poetry.
الصفحات الاولى:

ظاهرة الثقل في العربية ووسائل التخلص منها : دراسة صوتية The Phenomenon Of Stress In Arabic Language : Means Of Getting Rid Of It ( Phonetic Study )

اسم المؤلف: عدي صالح جبار
اسم المشرف: صيوان خضير خلف المياحي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: This dissertation deals with the phenomenon of stress in Arabic language. It is one of the phonetic phenomena whose Rules are subject to the oral performance. The dissertation Studies the most important aspects that the phenomenon of Stress takes in the language and the reasons behind them And the means that the language used to get rid of stressed Speech. The dissertation is divided into four chapters preceded by An introduction and prelude and followed by the results. In The prelude light has been shed on this phenomenon as it Was used by the ancient people and the reasons behind the Lexicographers grammarians scientists of Quranic recitations And rhetoricians interest in it. Chapter one deals with stress in sounds and their individual Features. It is divided into two sections; section one tackles The stress of the sounds at their production. Section two Deals with the individual stress features. Chapter two talks about stress resulted from the adjacency of Sounds to each other. The chapter falls into two sections : Section one talks about stress that is resulted from simila Adjacent sounds. Whereas section two describes stress that Is resulted from different adjacer sounds. Chabter three studies syllable stress. It comes in two Sections; secton one studies the disparity of common syllables As they are stressed or unstressed section two studies stress Which is resulted from the sequence of some syllables. In chapter four we deal with stress resulting from the length of Structure as there are many sound elements
الصفحات الاولى:

دلالة المصطلح النحوي عند الكوفيين في ضوء الدراسات المعاصرة The Conceptual Meaning In Al - Kufi'S Syntactical Expression In The Light Of The Modern Studies A Practical Study

اسم المؤلف: هادي خلف رسن القرناوي
اسم المشرف: هناء عبد الرضا رحيم الربيعي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: Praise to God, the creator of the universe and his messenger, Muhammed the last of prophets and missionary, and on his sacred, kind household and fellowmen and those who followed him graciously and kindly till the Judgement Day and thereafter.... The expression occupies or takes over a prominent outstanding position or status in man's intellectual life, it is key or code that man can reach science, as mentioned by theancients. Through the expression the recipient understands and realizes the gateway of this science from its symbols that within the expressions, the vague, mysterious, equivocal points or issues become obvious in any science, all oblique and unclear issues are dissolved. The syntactical expression, as any liguisticexpression, formulates part of total, complementary structure, subject as other expressions subject to special or particularusage for specialized class or group inside the science that contains it that it becomes to have features drived from the environment that lives in, grows up and thrives. It is an accurate subject that needs a thorough reasearching, this makes different writings deal with the expression in different or various frames. Our subject attemptsto deal with thesemantic side of the expressions.The idea of study entitled "The meaning of the Syntactical Expression at Al - kufiee's in the Light of the Modern Studies" concentrates on a general study to the meaning of the syntactical expression, and the choice of the application of Al - Kufiee's syntactical expression was intentional and deliberate because the subject of syntacti - cal meaning needs a reconsedration in the subject so as the bases that are subsumed under the syntactical expressions be delimitied. As it is usual, Al - Kufiee's syntactical expression like a healthy suitable environment for such a study since it is subsumed under a limited schooling system included methodoligical, intellectual orientations or directions which characterizes this study. Despite this soecification or limitation there has been a give and take state with Al - Basra's syntactical expression owing to its priority and pecedence because there are notion and opinions stating that the rise or origin was at the same time and from scholars who were contemperaries to the establishment of Al - Basra's syntax. This was a reason for electing and choosing such a study because many of the meaning's features apply to it according to the methodo - logy of studying the expression. The study necessitates a descriptive, theoretical, and applicational methodology in expression, the reseracher tries to make use of what has been tackled in the former studies of Al - Kufiee's syntactical expression and applies at the same time what the study has arrived at in the field of researching that in a numerous titles have been mentioned derived from the actual applicational study of the expression. The relied on methodolgy started from what really exists and not from what is assumed to exist. This necessitates modifying or changing the methodology for more than once and in lieu of the subject in question. The sources and refrences connected with my study, either those concerned with the syntactical expressions in general or with Al - Kufiee's expression in particular had their effect in paving the way towards reasoning and argumentation and aiding me to delimit the scope of my study and its objective domain or field. The sources or refere - nces I depended on most in allocating the applicational positions of Al - Kufi's syntactic expression are the following references : (The Meanings of the Qura'n) by Ali - Bin Hamza Al - Kisaae (189H), (The meanings of the Qura'n) by Yahyia Bin Ziyad Al - Ferra (207H), (The Concise Syntax) by Ibin Sa'adaan Al - Kufi (231H), (Logic Reformation), by Jacob Ibn Isaac bin Al - Sukeit (244H) , (Thalab's councils) by Ahmed bin Yahyia Thalab (291H), (The Explication of Pauses and beginning), (The Explanation of the long Seven poems), (masculine and feminine) by Muhammad bin Al - Qassim Al - Anbari (328H) in addition to other traditional sources which contributed to stand on Al - Kufi's syntacti - cal expression and to make a comparison between him and Al - Basra's Syntactical expressio. As for the refrences that I greatly benefitted from in my study, these inclu - ded studies that concerned with the Syntactical expression in general and with Al - Kufi's in particular or with both schools like : (Kufa School and its methodology in studying language and its methodology in studying language and syntax) by doctor Mehdi Al - Makhzoumi, (The syntactical schools) by doctor Khadega Al - Hadithi, (Abu Zakarya Al - Faraa and his creed in Language and syntax) by doctor Ahmed Mekki Al - Ansari, (The Syntactical expression, its rise, development till late third century A.H) by doctor Awadth Hamed Al - Kouzi), (The syntactical expression and the origin of meaning) by doctor Riyadh Othman, (The Encyclopedia of the Syntactical) by doctor Yokhana Mirza Al - khamis,and many other studiesd that eased the difficulty of the Study and helped in directing some Kufi's syntactical expressions to the suitable place, all these difficulties were overcome with the aid of God and hid grace. The title of the thesis obliged me to have a look at some academic theses and disseratations entitled (The Syntactic Expression). All these studies tried to remedy and treat the stablizied syntactical expression at a particular syntactical personality or numerous ones. The land marks of one thorough syntactical expression cannot be clarified in the light of one personality because the world might be electric in opting its expressions in accordance with its intellectual directions which differ or vary according to individuals. This may not endow a fixed picture or vie for the subject if we followed the same means or method of researching.
الصفحات الاولى:

مناهـج المسـتشرقين في دراسـة اصـوات اللغـة العربيـة في ضـوء الكتب المترجمـة Orientalists'' Approaches In Studying Arabic Sounds

اسم المؤلف: سهير كاظم حسن العصفور
اسم المشرف: حامد ناصر عبود الظالمي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: Science of sounds is regarded as one of those sciences that the study of which is significantly developed after is witnessed a long period of stagnation. This science has become to represent the developed manifestation of Modern Linguistics more than any other branch thereof. This development is reflected through it various methodologies of research, different devices and advanced equipment's that assisted in the field of linguistic sounds. Orientalist's endeavors have been directed to study Arabic language at all phonetic, morphological, grammatical and denotative levels. Using Arabic language by orientalists as a means to understand the Hebrew of Torah in the 16th century and the beginning of 17th century helped to elevate Arabic language to move ahead. In the 17th and 18th centuries, European Linguists were concerned with the language international structure hierarchically and this in fact influenced their orientations to study Arabic and some other Semitic languages such as Hebrew. They focused on the study of those two languages which belong to the ancient centuries. There was a drastic development in the field of linguistic studies in Europe in the 17th century, specifically in the field of Indo - European languages when Franz Bob made a comparison among the morphological systems of verbs in Sanskrit, Persian, Germanic and Greek languages. Accordingly ,this has made its own influence in the context of Semitic Languages Study by Orientalists especially after the discovery of many Assyrian.Aramaic and old Southern Arabic transcripts.This discovery widened the historical depth of comparison. Researchers concerned with the study of standard language by itself and they considered accents branching from the standard language as erroneous types but in the 19th century, after scientists discovered that rural accents contain the forms of structure in the standard language. Orientalists spent massive efforts to record the various accents of Arabic language. The initiative of studying Arabic sounds appeared in 19th century by some of the Western and Orientalists.Research has been widely developed in the respect alongside with the development of life and various types of science. Orientalists ,researches of Arabic sounds were brought up varied in compliance with the variation of both ,their studies on one hand and methodologies of research adopted by them in these studies on the other. Science of sounds is a branch of linguistic, and it is divided into two branches.First, Phonetics which deals with the linguistic sounds in isolation of the context. Second, Phonology which deals with sounds when forming speech sequence, phonetic rules governing such context and various linguistic phenomena such substitution , Diphthong , Al Emalah (pending) , Kl Tafkheem (Amplification ), Glotallization and other phonological issues. In the light of translated books , the research sought to introduce the methodologies adopted by Orientalists in studying the sounds of Arabic language. They involved Modern Linguistic Approaches in their study : - Historical approach - Comparative Historical Approach - Descriptive Approach - The Approach of linguistic Geography which is regarded as one of the applied linguistic approaches. The researcher noticed that Orientalists disagree over the number of the places of articulation.Brokelman arranged them into five places of articulations while Kanito did so into nine ones, flish in six ones.Billa , into eleven ones and he joined the features with the articulations. Moskati did so into seven places of articulation. Furthermore, Orientalists disagree over the arrangement of some places of sounds articulation that some of the arrange such places of articulation initially while others delay them compared to that arrangement adopted by Arabs such as(? ), and (?).Some Orientalists state that these articulations of( Arabic Kaf), that is , they are velar but others regard them as being pharyngeal articulated from(?) , and (?). Moreover, Orientalists disagree over the description of some places of articulation such as the articulation of (Arabic lam sound) that some of them regarded it as being lingual.Others regarded it as a palatal sound , others regarded it side - dental. Orientalists conducted deep researchers to study the sounds of Arabic Language and they read the books of early grammarians and the books of readings. They promoted wide range research concerning phonetic phenomena. Despite their being significantly accurate in describing the phonetic phenomenon, yet they wouldn't pay enough attention to some phenomena that they didn't explain thereof clearly enough nor they analyze such phenomenon sufficiently such as Emalat (bending) of (Ha'a), Al waqf and glottalization phenomenon. They mentioned only specific sides of such phenomena. Some Orientalists such as Kanito and Brajbishrasar cited Quran verses during their research to substitute some of language sounds or make them diphthong. Kantino was not precise in translating some of verses or the numbers thereof. Irrespective of the reason that motivate Orientalists to study Arabic language so their studies were highly helpful and even though the phonetic research was emerged out of the works of the works of Arabic linguists long ago yet, its development is accomplished at present by Orientalists.
الصفحات الاولى:

جهود اللغويين العراقيين المعاصرين في الدراسات الصوتية

اسم المؤلف: فراس حسن علي الكناني
اسم المشرف: عدنان عبد الكريم جمعة السالم
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

التماسك النصي في السور السبع الطوال Cohesion In The Seven Long Chapters Of Quran

اسم المؤلف: خليل عبد المعطي عثمان
اسم المشرف: صيوان خضير خلف المياحي سالم يعقوب يوسف
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: In Iinguistics , a new branch has recentIy emerged , i.e. ' Text Linguistics ' which gives fuII consideration to texts and the way in which these texts hang together as cohesive texts , performing various purposes in different ways. As such , the topic of text Iinguistics in generaI and grammaticaI cohesino in particuIar has become an area of interest of many Iinguists. One of the many reasons for seIecting this topic is to obtain more KnowIedge in this area , i.e. ' grammaticaI cohesion ' aIong with its different schooIs of thought , hoping to appIy it to Quranic texts in an attempt to anaIyze it textuaIIy. The significance of this study Iies in : 1)studying Quranic texts by adopting a text Iinguistics - based approach focusing on cohesion in generaI and grammaticaI cohesion in particuIar. 2) utiIizing both modern Iinguistic terminoIogy and traditionaI terminoIogy.3) focusing on ' cohesion ' as an approach to studying and anaIyzing the seven Iong chapters of Quran as sampIe of the study. The study fuIIs in to five chapters ( two chapters deaI with the defining matters and the theoreticaI part of the study and three chapters deaI with the practicaI part of the study )preceded by an introduction and foIIowed by concIusions and Iist of references. In the introduction , issues such as the reasons behind seIecting the topic , its significance and methodoIogy adopted are introduced. Chapter one, for its part , deaIs with the text and its grammar , and the difference between the sentence grammar and text grammar. Chapter two titIed ' Text Iinguistics and Cohesion ' focuses on the different opinions proposed by various schoIars ( be they oId or modern ) , cohesion and its types as weII as the schoIars ' views on cohesion and its importance in discourse anaIysis. WhiIe chapters three deaIs with grammaticaI cohesion ,such as reference , eIIipsis, substitution and conjunction and chapter four focuses on IexicaI cohesion , such as reiteration , coIIocation and its types , chapter five , for its part , deaIs with the infIuence of context.text recipient and occasion on text cohesion. Chapter six , for its part, speIIs out the main concIusions that the researcher has drawn : 1)AIthough it is not easy to define what " text" exactIy mean, any text shouId be cohesive.2) Cohesion is the main eIement in anaIyzing any text and thus distinguishing a text from just a group of Iinguistic eIements.3) Some schoIars , such as HaIIiday and Hasan did not mention 'reIative pronouns ' as cohesive devices , but the researcher and some other schoIars have identify them as cohesive devices.4) There is no harm to use modern Iinguistic ideas to study Quarnic texts as Iong as there is no contradiction them and our reIigion
الصفحات الاولى:

اثر وسائل الاتصال في الرواية العراقية المعاصرة (من 2000 - 2015)

اسم المؤلف: غسان نجم عبد الله
اسم المشرف: مشتاق فالح عبيد الفضلي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: Often critical studies have proven in the field to talk to the old narrative and modern literary criticism and many are interested in theorizing to the beginnings of writing fiction in Iraq, Fna cash in history more than the present moment the Iraqi novel, and because the desire researcher was paid long ago to try to fight in the new Iraqi novelist experience and an update of the project, which began studying the master narrative, it has been proposed to subject the supervisor Prof. Dr. Luay Hamza Abbas, who crystallized the idea of the project is scientifically formulated entitled academic form in which it now.Counted researcher different samples through monitoring and followed the Iraqi novel from 2001 until 2015 have been addressed in the reading and analysis of the many novels that dealt with theme of communication and treated him, however, he selected a number of novels that thinks it meets the nature of the new clerical experience and grant writing feature distinctive new featuresIt would have been confronted by the researcher of the difficulties is the novelty of the topic you say who wrote it and the desire of the researcher also using modern sources cover the size of the creative space that dealt with samples of this research, but surmounted many difficulties in this area after traveling to Cairo and friction with the sources of digital literature.Researcher has not been adopted in this thesis on a specific approach vented stringent monetary approaches that may restrict the study and not to unnamed flexibility that may make or prematurely truncated work, so relied on the open reading theories on more than one approach as imposed by the nature of the study for each chapter. As for the use of the sources it relied on modern sources, including the World Wide Web Taking no sense to study communication and we are trying to emphasize its impact on writing fiction without that create an impact on the search noting that the sources of the World Wide Web were few compared to other confiscation, and so presented the study also comes : Track researcher concept of communication in an abbreviated pave on according to what has been written by specialists by relying on written communication and identify concepts own and then select the definition of modern means of communication, which included everything that can generate communicative relationship between man and his environment, then focused researcher on the transformation of communication theories as Try to track their transformations to the extent that he found useful and enriching research, and neglected them what he believes he does not own thing or benefit him, right down to the theory of Marshall McLuhan who represented the central point adopted the philosophy of research, a theory (Alanm technological), and then try to monitor shifts Iraqi novel since origination Even before 2001 brief in these transformations, focusing on the task of samples in the history of the Iraqi novel, justifiable reason for the delay awareness novelist in Iraq compared with the awareness of the hair.The first chapter was at the entrance of theoretical and four topics are : The theoretical entrance who tried to monitor the work and the nature of the novelist its flexibility, which gives him the ability to take advantage of all science, particularly modern means of communication.The Study of Technology (window or osmosis) a written proposal made search features and its impact in the novel Virgwalah Saad Said and novel under the sky Copenhagen to hawra al - nadawi, and the novel The Curse of Marquise Zia Aljbaili, and zero and one Morteza Kzar, black box for Klizar Anwar, as samples sought to fight in writing digital and computer techniques emotion.The second topic was about the vulnerability of Iraqi cinema novel techniques are issued this work novel City images as they are influenced by the scenario imaging, and novel black box as influenced by technology montage.The third section was about the vulnerability of the Iraqi novel techniques Press Fteraht three narrative models are (novel jogging behind Wolves Ali Badr) and (grandson of the BBC to Maysaloon Hadi) and (wonders of Baghdad Ward Badr) and tried to research that explores the press techniques within novelist field.The fourth section was in Photography camera technique was alone novel (city pictures Luay Hamza Abbas) with this technology.Prescribed for the second quarter in an attempt space study was divided into three sections are : The entrance of my brief is trying to justify the separation and movement of search procedures.Digital space structure, a space on the computer display, and the resulting new technologies, and how the Iraqi novelist plans to take advantage of this technology in their respective fields novelist.While the second section concerned with space - written script, a space that includes quotes, starting with the title of the outer shell and even entry in the body of the novel.The third topic dealt with as a perspective on the space as proposed by Julia Christivia and addressed the researcher point of view in space when the space As a producer of death or misery and tear through the deadly identities.The last chapter of the dissertation tries to address intellectual transformations in the Iraqi novel screening Tmzaradtha was in the form of the entrance to a theoretical respond and justify the movement of ideological transformation in the framework of the Arab novel and briefly, then divide the class into four sections the first was about the speech Acharri researcher dealt with the Covers novels as a producer for Continental not as a producer demonstrates what in the novel.Eat your language and their vulnerability in the means of communication and how this means provided liquidity written to reflect the language for more than one purpose.Then I dealt with in the third section of identity shifts that have emerged fragmented and fragmented confronted with the reality of a torn reflected back on the identity Assembly and the other on the individual identity that suffer repression and rejection.The last topic was about hybridization narrative as hinting intellectually novelist in thought and how the Iraqi novelist said of the means of communication in providing narratives Jdido insurgency and trying to break the traditional form novelist.She concluded Find Bkhamth summarizes the findings of the researcher of the findings and proposals in writing. Researcher
الصفحات الاولى:

الفصــول والغايات لابـي العلاء المعــري : دراسـة اسلوبيـة

اسم المؤلف: سعد عزيز القطراني
اسم المشرف: عبد الواحد زيارة اسكندر المنصوري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

مناهج تحقيق النصوص الادبية في مجلة المورد عقد السبعينيات : دراسة تحليلية Approaches Of Investigating Literary Texts In The Journal Of Al - Mawrid In The Seventies : An Analytical Study

اسم المؤلف: بسام علي حسين العميري
اسم المشرف: قاسم خلف مشاري السكيني
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2017
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: Actually, researchers give a great concern to the field of Text Investigation. Therefore, numerous articles and books come into existence about this considerable field of study. Such contributions identify its characteristics as well as initiate its rules and roots by which investigators attempt to set a remarkable touch that can take role in the characterization of ancient Arabic heritage. However, text investigators should have a great amount of knowledge about approaches of scientific investigation. Their task demands to be patient via working with manuscripts, to be professional about collecting lost poetry of a certain poet. This is so because the ultimate end of investigation is to follow accuracy and objectivity to reflect the poet's book or collection of poems as the poet intends.Concerning this area of investigation, a variety of researchers do their best to study old - fashioned texts. Throughout their investigations, they introduce their attempts as well as sufferings in this field. Their efforts reveal different capacities and distinctive scientific abilities. As a result of this serious work in the field, an apparent role has been observed upon the difference among their approaches of investigation although they agree on introducing texts in the correct way according to the scientific rules with a high degree of correctness and documentation. Their work follows a number of acceptable scientific and procedural bases.As a practical area of these investigations is those periodicals whose specialization is to re - exist the Arabic heritage such as the journal of Al - Mawrid. This journal is a quarterly old - fashioned and it is one of the most important periodicals in Iraq particularly and in the Arabic homeland in general. It is published by the ministry of Culture and Arts - Dar Al - Jahdh. The 1970s and its subsequent years represent its heyday since this period witnesses a great concern of investigations and literary manuscripts. All these achievements led to its publication in 1971. Due to the availability of the textual data of literary investigations in this decade, this dissertation comes entitled "The Approaches of Investigating Literary Texts in the Journal of Al - Mawrid in the decade of Seventies : an Analytical Study".This work involves an introduction, three chapters and conclusions. Accordingly, the introduction gives a preliminary overview about the journal under study including its foundation and historical development in the 1970s. As regards the chapters, the first two deal with the approaches of literary investigations of books and collections of poems which are investigated depending on handwriting manuscripts or printed manuscripts (the second novel). Chapter Three concerns the approaches of criticizing literary investigation in the journal of Al - Mawrid in the 1970s. The study has come with some conclusions. It reveals the amount of the investigated literary heritage including books and collections of poems in the 1970s by this journal. In additions, it shows the difference among investigators' approaches. One group follows the methodological rules of scientific investigation whereas another one ignores such rules through their investigations. Such ignorance is represented by lacking the premises of investigation, neglecting the set - up of the investigated text, the author's name, the title of the book, the identification of the book, documenting well - known scholars, quranic verses, poetic quotations, formatting lists of references and printing reproduction.Finally, the researcher does not claim perfection of this study which is indeed the result of hard work. Thus, in case it reaches the desired end, it is that duty to which Allah conducts me. Therefore, I have no superiority. On the other hand, wherever there is some weaknesses throughout this work, it is of course because of human beings' imperfection. What I do not regret on is that I have followed thinking, purified my intent, looked for truth and reliability. Hence, I hope to obtain retribution as a reward ofthese efforts. Almighty Allah I request to accept my good deeds since he is the Omnipotent.
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