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دراسة وبائية فسلجية لطفيلي المقوسة الكونيدية Toxoplasma gondii لمرضى الغسيل الكلوي والسطان في محافظة ذي قار العراق == Epidemiological and Physiological Study of Toxoplasma gondii for Patients with Renal Dialysis and Cancer in Thi - Qar Province - Iraq

اسم المؤلف: نور كاظم مطر الركابي
اسم المشرف: بسعاد عقرب العبودي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The current study was conducted in Thi - Qar province to investigate of Toxoplasma gondii prevalence among renal dialysis and cancer patients by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay test and also the study determined of some factors that may affected that may affected the prevalence of infection, such as age, sex, marital status, place of residence and the contact with cats and a number of chemical dosing that exposed to it cancer patient or the number of times the dialysis for renal dialysis patients.One hundred blood samples were collected from renal dialysis patient and one hundred samples others were collected from cancer patient from two hospital AL - Hussein Hospital and AL - Habboubi Hospital for the period from the beginning October 2015 to the end of the month of March 2016 and prepared a questionnaire form for each person to get their information, as well as the collection of 50 blood samples from (healthy) as control group . .The results of the current study showed that the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Thi - - Qar province in both renal dialysis and cancer patients and control group were 28% and 36% and 24% respectively. recorded results of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ELISA test results for a positive antibody IgG in both renal dialysis and cancer patients and control group 25% , 30% , 22% respectively. As for the IgM antibody study did not record any positive result in both categories of the study (dialysis and cancer) only control group was 2%. The result of IgG & IgM together in renal dialysis and cancer and control group 3%, 6%, 0% respectively. .The highest infection prevalence were detected in renal dialysis in the age group (40 - 49 years) amounted (26.67%) and less infection in the age group (60> years) with percentage of 23.08% . As for cancer patients, the highest infection prevalence in the age group (50 - 59 years) was 53.85% and were less infection in the age group (30 - 39 years) amountin 14.29%. .The current study recorded there is a significant differences at level of P <0.05 in infection prevalence accoriding to gender for renal dialysis patients as it was infection prevalence in males 35.18%, while in the females the infection prevalence was 19.56%. As for cancer patients the study recorded significant differences P <0.05 where the infection prevalence in females were highest compared to males where it was 38.59% and 32.55% respectivelyThe study did not show any significant differences P> 0.05 for the infection prevalence according to contact with cats in renal dialysis patients but the study found significant differences between married and unmarried where the infection prevalence among married 25.84%, while the unmarried 45.45% .The infection prevalence were in the City highest 29.27% compared to countryside which amounted to 22.22%, the study found that the increase in the number of times the dialysis increased incidence of infection prevalence it was 25.53% for patients who conducted the dialysis treatment more than six times and 16.66% for patients who have less than six times. In cancer patients, the study observed significant differences P <0.05 for the contact with cats and it was highest infection prevalence in the city amounted to 45.21% compared to countryside 11.11%. and recorded a high infection rates at married 37.90% either at unmarried did not show they have no infection by parasite. For factor chemical dosing show high infection rates in patients who have been exposed to more than one dose of a chemical 37.63% As for those who were not exposed to any chemical dose was ratios have 14.29% .and wasblood type B + higher infection in renal dialysis patients 40.74% either in the cancer patients were O+ highest amounted to 58.62 %The results of the blood Parameters which conducted for infected males by toxoplasmosis and non - infected had not noticed a change in the hemoglobin for both categories. As total count and differential white blood cells the study did not record significant differences in the renal dialysis patients except neutrophil blood cell was observed height in infected males than non - infected . as for Cancer group was a decrease in the total number and differential white blood cells except acidophilus did not record any change in its level. As the females the study results were that there was no significant difference for both renal dialysis and cancer patient except Lymphocyte found decline in infected than non - infected for cancer patients .showed the results of the current study for standards biochemical that there are no significant differences P <0.05 for renal dialysis and cancer patient in the case of urea, creatinine, the study do not found any effect of toxoplasmosis on the rates of both urea and creatinine. As albumin was observed to high at dialysis patients and low at cancer patients at infected with toxoplasmosis compared to non - infected either control group the study did not reported significant differences for urea and creatinine and albumin. either liver function the study did not find change in the level of liver enzymes (AST.ALT) in dialysis and cancer patients and control group (healthy) .The presnt study recorded there is no significant differences in lipid profile (HDL, LDL, VLDL, Cholestrol, Triglyceride) at infected and non - infected in renal dialysis goup either cancer patients was observed high (HDL, VLDL, Cholestrol, Triglyceride

دراسة تاثير بعض المستخلصات المعزولة من ,الطحلب الاخضر Cladophora sp. في بعض المعايير الفسلجية لاناث الجرذان المختبرية Rattus norvegicus السليمة والمستهدفة مختبريا ,بالسكري == Study effect of some isolated extracts of green alga Cladophora sp. in some physiological parameters of female rats Rattus norvegicus laboratory healthy and laboratory - targeted diabetes

اسم المؤلف: زهرة شعيبث بزيع الماجد
اسم المشرف: حسين يوسف خلف الركابي | خالد كاطع الفرطوسي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The current study involved isolations of green alga Cladophora glomerata from Euphrates River in the city of Nasiriyah and demonstrating of alcoholic extract and alkaloid effect with concentrations (2.5, 5 mg/kg ) in the body weight and some blood standards and iochemical for Female rats normal laboratory and experimentally in effected diabetic, attended the alcoholic and alkaloid extracts of the alga. It was aqualitative statements on extract to see content of chemical compound were tested for cytotoxicity alkaloid extract toward the red blood cells of human and at different concentration showed no toxicity to extract through out observation period . The record of alcohol and alkaloids extract of laboratory rats in the first and second experiments is the following : - I. Get a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the mean body weight to the animals two group and (third and fourth) groups compared with the first group in the first and second experiments, significant decrease of animals two groups (fifth and sixth) compared with (second group)in the second experiment.II. Get significant increase (p<0.05) in the sugar level in (the second group) compared with (the first group) and significant decrease (P<0.05) in the sugar level of animals (four, fifth and sixth) the groups compared with (the first and the second) groups respectively in the both experimental.III. Get a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the number of red blood cell in (the fourth and sixth) groups, compared with (the first and second) groups respectively and get decrease no significant (P>0.05) in the level hemoglobin (Hb), paked cell Volume (PCV) and platelets compared with (the first and second) groups respectively in the first group. IV. Get significant decrease in number red blood cell in (the fourth group) compared with (the first group) and get decrease no significant in platelets compared with (the first and second) groups, significant decrease in hemoglobin level in (fifth and sixth) groups compared with (second group), significant decrease of paked cell volume (PCV) in the (the three and sixth) groups compared with (the first and second) groups respectively in the second experiment. V. Results appeared in the first experiment get significant increase (P<0.05) of white blood cell in the (second,fifth and sixth) groups compered with the (the first and second) groups respectively, no significant increase (P>0.05) in the percentage of neutral blood cell compared with the (first and second) groups respectively, while his significant increase in the percentage of acidic blood cells in the (third and fourth) groups compared with the (first group), the increase significant (P<0.05) in the percentage of monocyte cells compared with the (first and second groups) respectively, also had a significant decrease (P<0.05)in the percentage of lymphocyte cells compared with the (first and second groups) respectively.VI. Result appeared in the second experiments a significant decrease in white blood cells of (fifth and sixth) groups compared with the (second group), get significant increase in percentage of neutral blood cell in(third and fourth) groups compared with the (first group) and get significant increase in the percentage of monocyte, acidic, monocyte cells in (the third and fourth) groups compared with (the first group) and (the fifth and the sixth) groups for acidic and lymphocytes cells compared with the (second group).VII. The results also reported a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the level malodialdyhde (MDA) for animals (sixth group) compared with the (second group) in the first experiment and significant decrease in the level malondialdyhde (MDA) for animals (fifth and sixth)groups compared with the (second group) in the second experiment and get no significant decrease of level ceruloplasmin and albumin compared with the first and second groups respectively in both two experiments .VIII. Results appeared a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the level cholesterol triglycerides(TG) and very low density lipoproteins compared with the ( first and second) groups respectively and get significant decrease (P<0.05) in low density lipoprotein in the (fourth group) compared with the (first group) and (fifth and sixth) groups compared with the (second group), and result appeared get no significant decrease in the level (ALT) enzyme compared with the (first and second) groups respectively, andno significant decrease in level (AST) enzyme in the (fourth group) compared with the (first group) and no significant increase in (sixth group) with the (second group), also get significant increase (P<0.05) in level (ALP) enzyme in (third group) compared with the (first group) in the first experiment and there are not occur significant differences in level liver enzymes (ALT,AST,ALP) in the second experiment . IX. Results appeared get significant increase (P<0.05) in level hormone (FSH) in (fourth group) compared with the (first group), significant increase in level hormone (LH) in (fifth and sixth) groups compared with the (second group), significant increase in level hormone Estrogen compared with the (first and second) groups respectively in the first experiment , and also there are no significant difference in level Femininity sexual hormones (FSH,LH,Estrogen) in the second experiment

دراسة لنوعية المياه وتركيز الهيدروكربونات النفطية وبعض العناصر النزرة في المياه الجوفية للابار القريبة من مصافي الجنوب في منطقة الشعيبة - البصرة جنوب العراق == Study Water Quality and Concentration of Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Some Trace Elements in Groundwater of Wells Near South Refineries in Al - Shiaba region - Basrah, Southern Iraq

اسم المؤلف: بثينة مهدي يونس
اسم المشرف: باسم يوسف الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study was carried out to determine the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons in two phases dissolved and suspended in water, and Water Quality, in addition to three trace metals nickel Ni, lead Pb and cadmium Cd were determined in the groundwater, in eight wells. Six wells from W1 to W6 close to the source of pollution about half kilometer to three kilometer and two wells (w7 - w8) were far with in12.5Km from the mentioned source pollution area (well control).Wells were located on surrounding southern refineries (Al - hiaba ) - Zubair - Basra in southern Iraq .Water samples were collected seasonally from autumn 2015 to summer 2016.The present study including, the measurements of some environmental factors, water and air temperatures , salinity, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved soluble solids (TDS), pH , dissolved oxygen , total hardness and chloride ions .Results were ranged between ,( 19.5 - 48.8) ºC ( 25.0 - 29.3) ºC , (4.35 - 10.95) mg∕L, (5.01 - 11.45) mS ∕cm , (1.110 - 6.803) NTU , (3206 - 7328) mg∕L (7.05 - 8.72) , (1.35 - 12.25) mg ∕L ,(1275 - 4200) mg ∕L and ( 1560 - 5416) mg∕L respectively .Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) were determined using spectroflurometer . Results showed that concentrations of means TPHs as dissolved fraction in water were in all wells highest in spring 2016 than winter then autumn 2015, while less concentration recorded was during summer 2016.The highest mean concentration was 35.91 μg /L in well W1 in a spring 2016 while lowest value 0.73μg/L in well W7 in summer 2016 . Results of highest means concentrations of TPHs particular fraction in water were 137.39 μg /g dry weight in well W1 in spring 2016 and lower means concentrations of TPHs particular fraction 9.89 μg /g dry weight in well W8 summer 2016. Sixteen compounds of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) were identified in water (dissolved and particulate fractions ) during spring 2016 using a liquid Chromatograph high performance (HPLC). The total concentrations of dissolved PAHs in water ranged between the highest concentration 7205 ng∕L in well W1, and lowest concentration 39.1 ng∕L in well W8 ,the highest concentration of Phenanthrene compound in well W1 was 3472 ng∕L and lower concentration for Benzo(a) Pyrene compound was 0.37 ng∕L in well W8,was the more dominate PAHs compound in dissolved phase recorded Benzo(b)Fluranthene .The total concentrations of PAHs particular fraction ranged between the highest concentration 9334 μg /g dry weight in well W1, while lowest concentration 370 μg /g dry weight in well W8.The more dominant PAHs compound as particular fraction Fluorene in spring season ,were compound Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene has a highest concentration 6689 ng∕g dry weight in well W3 and the to west concentration compound was Benzo(a)anthracene ng∕g in well W8. Results recorded highest concentration of lead 0.933 μg /L in well W1 in spring 2016 and lowest concentration 0.208 μg /L in well W7 in summer 2016. While means concentrations of nickel ranged between 0.445 μg /L in well W1 in winter 2016 and lowest concentration 0.055 μg /L in wellW8 in autumn 2015.Cadmium record its highest level 0.496 μg /L in well W3 in spring 2016 and lowest concentration 0.053 μg/L in well W8 in summer 2016.Results of this revealed that southern refineries have a major effects on ground water pollution in vicinity of oil fields by some hydrocarbons derived from those refineries

التغيرات النسجية لتاثير اشعة الهاتف النقال في بعض اعضاء طائر السمان الياباني (Coturnix coturnix japonica) == The histological changes to the effects of mobile phone radiation in some organs of ( Coturnix coturnix japonica )

اسم المؤلف: احسان فرج عبد الصاحب الحسناوي
اسم المشرف: ستار عبود فارس
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الفسلجة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية استـعمال (48) طـيـرا مـن ذكـور واناث طائر الســمان الـيابانــي Coturnix coturnix japonica، التي كانت بعمر ( 60 الى 70 ) يوما , تم الحصول على الطيور من الاسواق المحلية لمدينة سوق الشيوخ / محافظة ذي قار / العراق ، وبعد فحصها من قبل الاطباء البيطريين والتاكد من كونها سليمة وضعت الطيور معا لمدة (30 يوما) لغرض التكيف ومن ثم قسمت الطيور الى اربع مجاميع ووضعت في اقفاص خشبية بابعاد (50 × 50 سم3 ) وبواقع (12 طيرا) في كل مجموعة (6 ذكور و6 اناث) , وضعت الاقفاص في ظروف مناسبة من حيث التهوية والاضاءة ودرجة الحرارة التي بلغت من (23 - 25 مº) ، عرضت المجموعة الاولى لاشعاع الهاتف المحمول لمدة (7 ايام) , وعرضت المجموعة الثانية لمدة (30 يوم) , والمجموعة الثالثة لمدة (60 يوم) , اما المجموعة الرابعة فهي مجموعة السيطرة , وبعد انتهاء فترة التعرض شرحت الـطـيـور واسـتخـرجـت الاعـضاء الـمـراد دراسـتـها (الـخـصى ، الـمـبايـض ، الـكـبـد ، الـكـلى) . اظهرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية حصول انخفاض معنوي ( P≤0.05) في معدل اقطار النبيبات المنوية وكذلك حصول انخفاض معنوي في معدل سمك طبقة الخلايا الجرثومية في الخصى وكذلك حصول انخفاض معنوي في معدل وزن الخصى في ذكور المجاميع المعرضة لاشعاع الهاتف المحمول مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة كما اظهرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية حصول تغييرات نسجية في خصى ذكور المجاميع المعرضة لاشعاع الهاتف النقال تمثلت هذه التغيرات بحصول نقصان في اعداد الحيوانات المنوية وقلة في اعداد الخلايا المكونة للنطف ونقص في كثافة النسيج الضام الذي يفصل بين النبيبات المنوية وكذلك تحلل degeneration في النسيج الضام بين النبيبات المنوية بالاضافة الى تحلل في جدار النبيب المنوي وكذلك حصول تنخر في الظهارة النبيبية وحصول نزف دموي بين النبيبات المنوية ، واظهرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية للمبيض حصول انخفاض معنوي في معدل وزن المبيض في المجاميع المعرضة لاشعاع الهاتف النقال مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة كما اظهرت الدراسة للمبيض في اناث المجاميع المعرضة لاشعاع الهاتف النقال لمدة (30 و60 يوم) حصول تحلل في جدار المبيض وقلة في اعداد الحويصلات المبيضية وكذلك احتقان في الاوعية الدموية ونزف دموي بالاضافة الى ارتشاح الخلايا الالتهابية , كما اظهرت نتائج الدراسة للكبد في المجاميع المعرضة لاشعاع الهاتف النقال حصول توسع expansion في الجيبانيات الكبدية واحتقان congestion وتوسع في الوريد البابي المركزي وكذلك حصول تفجي vaculation في سايتوبلازم الخلايا الكبدية بالاضافة الى ارتشاح الخلايا الالتهابية وحصول نزف دموي ، كما اظهرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية ان تعرض طيور السمان الياباني لاشعاع الهاتف النقال يؤدي الى حصول انخفاض معنوي في معدل قطر الكبيبة الكلوية وارتفاع معنوي في معدل الحيز بين الكبيبة ومحفظة بومان وارتفاع معنوي في معدل قطر النبيب الكلوي عند المقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة كما اظهرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية للكلى في المجاميع المعرضة لاشعاع الهاتف النقال حصول ارتشاح infiltration للخلايا الالتهابية ونزف دموي hemorrhage وانكماش shrinkage في الكبيبات الكلوية بالاضافة الى حصول تحلل degeneration في النبيبات الكلوية . | The current study includes use (48) birds from both sexes (males , females) from Coturnix coturnix japonica . These birds were brought from the local market of Suq Al - shuyukh city / Thi - Qar province / Iraq , and then checked by veterinarians and make sure they are healthy we put them together for (30) days for adaptation and then divided the birds into four groups and put in wooden cages with dimensions 50 × 50 cm3 for 12 birds in each group (6 males and 6 females) , the cages put at organization and controlled whence ventilation , lighting and temperature ranged between (23 - 25 Cº) , the first group was exposed of mobile phone radiation for (7) days , and exposed a second group for (30) days , and the third group for (60) days , while the fourth group a control group , and after the end exposure period vivisection the birds and we extracted the organs we want study (testes , ovaries , liver , kidneys). The results of the current study showed a reduction in the rate of the seminiferous tubule diameters as well as a reduction in the rate of germ cells layer thickness in testes males mobile phone radiation - exposed aggregates compared with control group , the results of the current study also showed histological changes in testis males groups mobile phone radiation - exposed these changes were decrease in sperm counts and lack of number of cells of sperm and a decrease in density connective tissue which separates between seminiferous tubules and degenerating in connective tissue between seminiferous tubules addition to smashed in the wall of seminiferous tubule as well as epithelium necrosis and hemorrhage between seminiferous tubules , also showed the results of the current study of the ovary in females mobile phone radiation - exposed groups for (30 and 60) days smashed into the wall of the ovary and lack in numbers ovarian follicles and vascular congestion and hemorrhage in addition to infiltration of inflammatory cells , also showed the results of the current study of the liver in groups mobile phone radiation - exposed expansion in sinusoids, congestion, expansion in central vein and vaculation in hepatocytes in addition to infiltration of inflammatory cells and hemorrhage , as the results of the current study showed that exposure to radiation Japanese quail mobile phone leads to a reduction in renal glomerulus diameter rate and high rate of spread between the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule and high renal tubule diameter rate when compared to the control group and the results of the current study showed that the kidneys in mobile phone radiation - exposed aggregates infiltration of inflammatory cells, and hemorrhage shrinkage in renal glomerulus in addition to getting degenerate renal tubules .

دراسة نسيجية فسيولوجية وبايوكيميائية للمعايير ذات العلاقة بامراض الغدة الدرقية == Histophysiological And Biochemical Study of parameters related with thyroid disease

اسم المؤلف: ريم عبد الرحيم السعد
اسم المشرف: كريم حميد رشيد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد امراض الغده الدرقية من الامراض شائعة الحدوث لاسباب مختلفة وتشمل امراض الغدة الدرقية كل من فرط الدرقية (Hyperthyroidism) (وقصور الدرقية ((Hypothyroidism اذ يحدث تضخم الغده الدرقية في الحالتين . يزداد انتاج هرمونات الغدة في مرضى فرط الدرقية بالرغم من انخفاض تركيز الهرمون المحفز للدرقية ( Follicle stimulating hormone )في حين يقل انتاج هرمونات الدرقية في مرضى قصور الدرقية بالرغم من زياده انتاج الهرمون المحفز للدرقية.هنالك علاقة بين هرمونات الغدة الدرقية والايض من خلال تاثير هذه الهرمونات على ايض الكربوهيدرات , الدهون والبروتينات وبالتالي تنتج الطاقة من تحلل هذه المركبات ولقد اجريت هذه الدراسة للتعرف على التاثيرات المختلفة لمعايير الفسلجية والنسيجية والكيموحيوية والجزيئية في مرضى فرط الدرقية ومرضى قصور الدرقية لمجموعتين عمريتين هما اقل من 45 سنه واكثر من 45 سنه للذكور والاناث.اظهرت نتائج الدراسة اختلافات معنوية بين كل من الهرمون المحفز للدرقية وهرمون الدرقية الثلاثي وهرمون الدرقية الثايروكسين وهرمون الايرسين ومستويات مستقبلات الانترليوكين ومستويات الكلكوز بالمصل ومستويات معدل كتلة الجسم ومستويات الكالسيوم بالمصل ومستويات قابليه مضادات الاكسدة بالمصل ومستويات الصوديوم بالمصل في مرضى قصور الدرقية ومرضى فرط الدرقية مقارنه مع مجموعه السيطرة في حين وجدت اختلافات غير معنوية بين انزيم البيروكسيدايزعند مرضى فرط الدرقية في كلا الجنسين ,مستقبل بروتين الثلاثي (FCRL3)والثايروكلوبيولين عند مرضى قصور الدرقية في كلا الجنسين ومستقبل الهرمون المحفز للدرقية في مرضى قصور الدرقية في الذكور والاناث في المرضى الاقل من 45 سنه فقط مقارنه بمجموعة السيطرة ,كما اظهرت الدراسة النسيجية وجود اختلافات في التركيب النسيجي للحويصلات الدرقية بين مرضى الغدة الدرقية بنوعيها (فرط الدرقية وقصور الدرقية) مقارنة مع السيطرة استخدم في هذه الدراسة جين MAPKinaes gene للكشف عن اورام الغدة الدرقية , وقد اظهر استخدام كيمياء المناعة النسيجية وجود ورم سرطاني من النوع الحلمي Papillary Carcinoma في احدى العينات المستحصلة لهذا الغرض .بينت نتائج الارتباط بين المعايير المختلفة لمرضى فرط الدرقية ومرضى قصور الدرقية وجود ارتباط سلبي معنوي p˃0.05)) بين الهرمون المحفز للدرقية معدل كتلة الجسم وارتباط سلبي معنوي p˃0.05)) بين مستقبل الانترليوكين وهرمون الدرقية الثلاثي وارتباط موجبة معنوي p˃0.05)) بين كلا من الايرسين وهرمون الدرقية الثلاثي وعلاقة ايجابية معنوية p˃0.05)) بين كلا من الايرسين وهرمون المحفز للدرقية | The thyroid disease is a common disease of occurrence for different causes which include thyroid hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism . Goiter occurs in both cases and the production of thyroid hormones increases despite the decline in the concentration of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), while the production of thyroid hormones decreases in hypothyroidism despite the increase in the production of thyroid stimulating hormone. In view of the relationship between thyroid hormones and metabolism and the metabolic rate through the influence of these hormones on the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins and thus energy produced from the hydrolysis of these compounds This study was conducted to investigate the different effects on different physiological ,histological biochemical and molecular criteria in 58 patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism for two age groups , they were collected from the Teaching Laboratories in Al - Hilla teaching hospital and from private laboratories (Babylon) , during the period from November 2015 to march 2016, the aim of this study was the detection of the best possible diagnostic parameter for the detection of the dysfunction of thyroid gland by using various biological markers in this study. The results of this study showed that a significant differences in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), irisin, thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), triglycerides (TG), body mass index (BMI), glucose, Interlukin - 2 Receptor (CD25), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), high density lipoprotein (HDL), calcium (Ca) in hypothyroidism ,hyperthyroidism patients compared with the control group, while the differences were Non - signifecant in the thyroid Peroxidase ( TPO) in patients with hyperthyroidism in both sexes Fc - receptor - like - protein3 (FCRL3), thyroglobulin (Tg) in patients with hypothyroidism in both sexes and thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSHR) in patients with hypothyroidism in both sexes only in younger old patients as compared to the control group. Histological study revealed that there were differences in the histological structure of the thyroid vesicles in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism compared with the control group. MAP Kinase gene was used for the detection of tumors of the thyroid gland by using immunohistochemistry technique, the result in tissue Papillary Carcinoma was identified in one of the samples obtained for this purpose. The results of the correlation between the different criteria for patients with hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism have shown a negative correlation between the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and body mass index (BMI) and interlukin - 2receptor (CD25) and triiodothyronine (T3),while there positive correlation was a between irisin and triiodothyronine (T3) and a positive relationship between both irisin and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), as well as positive correlation between irisin and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).

الطريقة المثلى لاستخلاص الدنا من عينات الدم البشري == Optimization Method of DNA Extraction From Human Blood Samples

اسم المؤلف: انتصار هادي طالب اليساري
اسم المشرف: ذكرى عبد العالي الكعبي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الادلة الجنائية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • History of Forensic DNA
  • Sources of DNA (Evidence)
  • Bone and Teeth
  • Extraction of DNA
  • Other Method for Investigation Human DNA Profile
  • Instruments and Equipment
  • Solutions and Agarose Gel Preparation
  • Detection of β - Globin Gene by PCR Assay
  • I
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: his study was conducted to create an environment that mimic those samples collected from crime scenes Blood samples were collected from one hundred and twenty persons from Hila city. These samples were used to stimulate the different possible blood samples obtained for forensic medical purpose. The following simulations were created : 20 fresh blood samples, 20 frozen blood samples, 40 dried blood stain samples on carpet (20 samples collected after 2 hours & 20 samples collected after 3 hours), and 40 samples in the form of dried blood stains on soil(20 samples collected after 2 hours & 20 samples collected after 3 hours).Extraction of genomic DNA was attempted from the listed forms of blood samples by using four different methods : Promega purification kits, Favorgen purification kits, salting out methods, and two - step lysis assay.These methods were compared for the best extraction of DNA and were confirmed by molecular detection of β - globin gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.After extraction of gDNA and electrophoresis by use agarose gel electrophoresis and measuring the concentration and purity of DNA by bio drop spectrophotometer. Purity was then confirmed by PCR. The results indicated that the best methods for genomic DNA isolation were from fresh, frozen ,and dried stains on carpet using Promega purification kits, whereas, from dried blood stain on soil ,none of the four methods was suitable for isolation the genomic DNA.

توصيف المركبات الفعالة في نبات الشويل Cressa cretica L. وتاثيرها في الفطريات المعزولة من التهاب الاذن الخارجية == Characterization of bioactive compounds in Cressa cretica L. and their effect on fungal otomycosis

اسم المؤلف: اسيل محمد عمران الطائي
اسم المشرف: نداء عدنان ابو سراج | ابتهال معز الحسيني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical components and antifungal activity of Cressa cretica L. using Gas chromatography - Mass spectrum (GC - MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) techniques in addition to the characterization ( morphological and molecular) of fungal ear infection (otomycosis) and evaluate the antifungal activity (in vitro) of the C. cretica bioactive extracts. The secondary metabolites analysis of C.cretica extracts revealed the presence of phenols, alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, glycosides and tannins. The results of GC - MS reported 112 chemical compounds (30 in flowers, 34 in leaves, 23 in stems and 25 in roots). The results of the FTIR confirmed the presence of large numbers of functional groups in each part of the plant and these functional groups which varied according to the solvent type. More of these functional groups were alcohols, phenols, alkanes, alkyl halides, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, aromatics, nitro compounds and amines. The results were designed according to factorial experiments with complete randominal designed. Clinical diagnosis of otomycosis fungi revealed that there are 126 positive casesout of 185 cases included the filamentous fungi Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. terreuss, Penicilleum digitatium, either yeasts have included Candida parapsilosis, C. albicans, C. glabrata , C. Krusie. The percentage of Candida was 53.63% while the percentage of filamentous fungi was 46.36%, males was more infected than females, the age group 11 - 20 years old appear more affected than other age groups (19.8%), while the age group 31 - 40 years old and those who are older than 61 years were the least affected. Antifungal activity of C. cretica extracts revealed that each species of Candida had been affected by a part more than others, as well as a certain type of solvents, as follow : C. Parapsilosis largely affected by flowers extract when solvent hexane was used (the diameter of inhibition zone was 10.33 mm) at the concentration of 50%, while the C. albicans was most affected by whole plant when used ethyl acetate solvent (the diameter of inhibition zone was 10.92 mm). Stems extract by using hexane solvent was the most inhibitory growth effect on C. glabrata (the diameter of inhibition zone was 10.8 mm), while the roots extract by using methanol solvent showed largest inhibition on C. krusie growth (the diameter of inhibition zone was 8.56 mm). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) reached to 25% on C. glabrata and C. krusie when using hexane stems extract and methanol roots extract respectively, while C. parapsilosis and C. albicans had reached the minimum inhibitory concentration to 30% when using hexane flowers extract and ethyl acetate whole plant extract.The results revealed that the alkaloids extract are the most effect against all species of Candida under study, the inhibition zone for C. parapsilosis was 4 mm diameters and 3.6 mm for C. albicans , 3.2 mm for C.glabrata and 5.2mm for C. krusie, followed by phenols extracts and terpens with the exception of C. albicans since terpenes extract had been more affected than phenols extracted, and this effect was increased with increasing the concentration of extract. When the C. cretica compared with the antifungal (Fluconazole) the results showed that the effect of extracts had greater inhibitory effect against otomycosis fungi, where the greatest impact of fluconazole was 8.23 mm at concentration 50% in the treatment of C. glabrata, and had the little inhibitory effect on the growth of C. krusie where the diameter of inhibition zone was 0.53 mm at the concentration 50%, and that the inhibitory effect increases with increasing concentration, while roots alkaloids gave inhibitory effect reached to 5.2 mm on C. krusie .

عزل وتشخيص المضاد الحيوي المنتج بواسطة عزلة Penicillium chrysogenum من البيئات المختلفة في ترب مدينة الناصرية == Isolation and Identification of antibiotic produced by Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from different environments in Nasseriya city soi

اسم المؤلف: ميسم كريم حسن
اسم المشرف: سعد سلمان هميم | محمد حسين مشهد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study includes the isolation and identification of some mycoflora from 40 soil samples in six places ( Remnants of fat - born, parks, edges of the river, animal wastes, sewage and rubbish) during October 2015 - January 2016 in Nasseriya City, Iraq. According to different environmental factors, the isolated genera were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Rhizopus, Cladosporium, Sepedonium chrysospermum, Alternaria chlamydospora, Bipolaris, Chrysosporium, Candida albicans, Rhododendron flavum, Humicola, Geotrichum candidum, Fusarium and Acremonium. Three isolation methods were used. Dilution method, direct plate method, alcohol and heat treatment technique using the cultural media viz. Potato Dextrose Agar ( PDA), Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Potato Carrots Agar (PCA). Aspergillus represented the highest fungal isolates which represent 62 (37.12%). followed by Penicillium with 47 (28.14%), Mucor 22 (13.16%), Rhizopus 15 (8.98%), Cladosporium 6 (3.59%), Sepedonium chrysospermum and Alternaria chlamydospora, 3 (1.80%), Biopolaris, Chrysosporium and Candida albicans with 2 (1.20%), and finally Rhododendron flavum, Humicola, Acremonium, Fusarium and Geotrichum candidum recorded the lowest fungal isolation with one isolate for each (0.60%). The study was aimed to isolation of Penicillium from soil and assay its antibacterial activity. The results showed that dilution method gave a best fungal growth in comparison with direct plate method and alcohol and heat treatment technique in 25 ºC and pH = 6. PDA appeared as an optimum medium for isolation in comparison with other media such as SDA and PCA. The preliminary results showed that Penicillium sp. exerted antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria; Therefore, this fungus was used for production of antibiotic on Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium. The optimum conditions were obtained at pH = 6, incubation temperature of 25 ºC and shaking rate of 180 rpm for 7 days to fermentation. Ethyl acetate was a good organic solvent to extraction of antibiotic which produced (3g/L) as white to creamy crystals. The characterization of the antibiotic product after extraction and purified by chemical methods included Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) test, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectra and Mass Spectra. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for clinical bacterial species was 1 - 10mg/ml.The PCR method used in this study utilized Internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 - 4) as a primer for identification of isolates. Two PCR products of the targeted gene of Penicillium chrysogenum isolates which locally named as (Penicillium chrysogenum F1 and Penicillium chrysogenum F2) were selected and subjected to partial DNA sequencing for the ITS gene to follow up the possible molecular relationship between these local isolates and what recorded globally in Genbank.

تاثير داء السكري وعقار البنتوستام على تطور الاصابة بداء اللشمانيا الاحشائية في ذكور الفئران المختبرية == The Impact of diabetes and Pentostam on development the infected Leishmania donovani parasite in male laboratory mice

اسم المؤلف: افراح علي عبد الامير العزاوي
اسم المشرف: فاضل عباس منشد العبادي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study included evaluation of the role of diabetes and Sodium Stibogluconate drug (Pentostam) against infection leishmaniasis parasite in laboratory animals experimentally infected with the parasite, Where we used in this study male white laboratory rats of the strain Mus musculus Balb /c. Aggregates were divided randomly into eight major groups of eight mice, The first group were injected with saline solution at a dosage of 0.2 ml, the group was considered as a negative control, The second group were injected with parasite (1.2 × 10 6 parasites / 0.2 ml) at a dosage of 0.2 ml, The third group was injected with the parasite and alloxan at a dosage of 0.2 ml, while the fourth group were injected only with alloxan, While the fifth group were injected with a Pentostam drug at a dosage of 20 mg/kg, as well as the sixth group were injected with leishmania parasite at a dosage of 0.2 ml and Pentostam drug at a dosage of 20 mg/kg while the seventh group were injected with the parasite and alloxan at a dosage of 0.2 ml and Pentostam drug at a dosage of 20 mg/kg while the eighth group injected with alloxan at a dosage of 0.2 ml and Sodium Stibogluconate drug at a dosage of 20 mg/kg, Where it was dissected first four groups a period of 45 days while the other groups were dissected after 75 days with recorded weights of the body before and after the experiment. Also studied the histological pathological changes and taking weights for each of the liver and spleen, blood samples were taken for the purpose of knowing the effect of which occurred in the blood parameters and the level of glucose in the blood. The results of the statistical analysis of the current study showed in the second set significantly higher (P≤0.05) total weight of the body and the weight of the liver spleen, White blood cells lymph and acidophilus, while there was a significant decrease in the total number of white blood cells, neutrophils and red blood cells there was no significant difference (P≤0.05) inthe blood glucose concentration compared with the first group. The fourth group showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in total body weight and red blood corpuscles with (P≤0.05) blood glucose level and neutrophil cells, the groups treated with the drug showed the sixth and seventh group height body weight and white blood cells and lymphocytes and a significant decrease (P≤0.05) red blood cells, neutrophils and acidity. There was no significant difference (P≤0.05) in the concentration of glucose in seventh group. The eighth group showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the total number of white and red blood cells and significant increase (P≤0.05) in lymphocytes and acid, while there was no significant difference (P≤0.05) concentration of blood glucose. The fifth group showed the treatment of the drug loss in the radiology of hepatic cells and degeneration of clear and congestion in the central vein with the infiltration of inflammatory cells within the hepatic tissue, and showed a clear exhaustion in the white pulp and the proliferation of red pulp.we observed in the histological sections of the present study in the sixth group infected with parasite and treated with pentostam, a significant improvement of the liver tissue. The spleen showed a simple propagation of the white heart. The seventh group is experimentally infected with leishmania and the alloxan The development of diabetes and the treatment of pentostam is spread with Kupffer cells and expansion in the blood sinusoids with changes in the spleen. White and the group of nematodes around it with breeding in the red pulp as in the fifth group.

عزل وتشخيص البكتريا المرضية مع ايلاء اهتمام خاص للبكترياStaphylococcus auerus المرافقة ل Cutaneous Leishmaniasis في محافظة ذي قار == Isolation and Identification Pathogenic Bacteri with Special Regard to Staphylococcus auerus Associate with Cutaneous leishmaniasis at Thi - Qar Province

اسم المؤلف: رضاء الله مرتضى الاعظمي
اسم المشرف: قاسم حسن وداعة
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study is designed to isolated and identification the pathogenic bacteria associated with Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease characterized by single or numerous ulcerations. This was study performed in Iraqi in Shatra general hospital and Al - hussein teaching hospital in Thi - Qar province 2016 - 2017.Total of 370 samples of suspected patients were taken and after examining them using geimsa stain , the positive were 186 males and 126 females then sterilize the area surrounding for ulcer , all samples were taken to (swab transport media) ,culture to MacConkey agar and blood agar after 24 hr of incubation at 37C ,after diagnosed by biochemical testing then species determined by API system. The positive results on culture media 92/312 , males 62 (67.4%) , female 30 (32.6 %).The total bacteria isolated from the lesions were in males and female staph auerus 52 cases (56.5%), Escherichia coli 8 cases(8.6%) , Bacillus cereus 6 cases(6.5%) , Pseudomonas. aeruginesa 5 cases (5.4% ), Strep. Pyogenes 6 cases(6.5%) ,Strepto.agalactiae 3 cases(3.3%).While other that isolated in males only and did not appear in females were aerobic bacteria ,Listeria moncytogenes 3 cases(3.4%) , Actinobacteria .spp 2 cases(2.2%) ,Klebsiella. Pneumonia 2 cases (2.2%) , Rodococcus .equi 1 cases (1.1%) , and anaeroberia bacteria ,Peptococcus niger 2 cases (2.2%) ,Peptostreptococcus .spp 2 cases (2.2%) .Then find bacteria that more presence more with cutaneous Leishmaniasis ,were it was staph. aureus therefore it were objected study antibiotic resistant .The present study demonstrates that Staph. aureus XIV isolates were resistant to methicillin 50 (96.15%), penicillin 48 (92.30%) , Clindamycin 37 (71.15%), ciprofloxacin 30 (57.69%) , Gentamicin 30 (57.69%),Amoxicalave 29 (55.76%), Azithromycin 25 (48.07%) , Amoxicillin 22 (42.30%), Tetracycline 21 (40.38%), Rifampin 10 (19.23%) and Vancomycin all staph .auerus are sensitive to Vancomycin The all 52 Staph. aureus isolates were further examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of (16SrRNA ,mecA and PVI gene ). 16SrRNA gene which were responsible for diagnosis ,where all isolates were positive to was 52\52 (100%) , mecA gene which were responsible for methicillin resistance this was detected in 52\52 (100%) . of Staph. aureus isolates and a part of virulence factors PVL gene was detected in 46/52(88.46%) of Staph. aureus isolates which are responsible to kill the leukocytes of human and other animals.

التوصيف الجزيئي لبعض الفطريات الانتهازية المعزولة من المرضى الضعاف مناعيا واختبار حساسيتها تجاه مستخلص الثوم == Molecular Identification of Some Opportunistic Fungi Isolated from Immunocompromised Patients and Their Testing Sensitivity Against Extract of Garlic ( Allium sativum)

اسم المؤلف: هند حبيب عبد الامير الفرطوسي
اسم المشرف: ياس خضير عباس | ميثاق ستار عبود
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية العزل والتوصيف الجزيئي والمظهري لبعض الفطريات الانتهازية من القناة التنفسية السفلى للمرضى الضعاف مناعيا المراجعين لقسم الاورام في مستشفى الحبوبي والمراجعين للعيادة الاستشارية للامراض الصدرية في محافظة ذي قار (جنوب العراق) حيث تم جمع 130عينة قشع sputum للفترة من 1/10/2015 الى 1/5/ 2016 . بلغ عدد العينات الموجبة للزرع 85عينة وبنسبة 65.38% , اذ شكل عدد عينات الاناث الموجبة 21 عينة وبنسبة 46.67 % , اما عدد عينات الذكور الموجبة فقد بلغ 64 عينة وبنسبة 75.29% . ظهرت اعلى نسبة عزل عند الفئة العمرية 61 - 70 سنة وبنسبة 32.94 % بعدها الفئة العمرية 31 - 40 سنة وبنسبة 15.25 % . وتم الحصول على 106 عزلة فطرية . باستخدام طرق التشخيص المظهرية والجزيئية, بينت هذه الدراسة ان اعلى نسبة ظهور للفطريات المعزولة تمثلت بجنس spp. Candidaثم جنس Aspergillus spp.تلاه جنس Penicillium spp. بالنسب المئوية 49.41% 38.32 % 21.17 % وبالترتيب . كما ظهرت Candida albicans ثم Aspergillus flavus بالنسب المئوية 36.47 % , 12.94% بالترتيب, كما تم تسجيل 15 عزلة من الفطريات المعزولة في البنك الجيني الدولي . شملت الدراسة استخدام اربعة مذيبات عضوية وهي الايثانول, الاسيتون, الميثانول والماء بحيث كان قد استخدم من المذيبات الثلاثة غير الماء التراكيز 50%, 70% فضلا عن التركيز المطلق للحصول على مستخلص الثوم. اختبرت اربعة تراكيز من كل مذيب ضد 11 نوعا من الفطريات المعزولة, واظهر المستخلص المائي كفاءة جيدة في تثبيط جميع انواع الفطريات المدروسة بالمقارنة مع المذيبات العضوية الاخرى اذ بلغ اعلى معدل تثبيط عند التركيز400 مايكروغرام\مل بحيث ابدى الفطر Penicillium notatum تاثرا كبيرا للمستخلص المائي الذي بلغ اعلى معدل تثبيط له (60 مليمتر) عند التركيز المذكور . حددت الفعالية الحيوية لكل مذيب ضد كل الفطريات المدروسة وتم مقارنة المستخلص مع ثلاثة مضادات فطرية Miconazole وNystatin وAmphtericin B واظهر المضادان الاول والثاني تاثيرات متباينة اما المضاد الثالث فلم يظهر اي تاثير على الفطريات المختبرة . تم تحديد السمية الخلوية للمستخلص المائي الخام باستخدام كريات الدم الحمر ولم يتسبب في اي تحلل دموي. كذلك تضمنت الدراسة الكشف عن المركبات التي يحتويها المستخلص المائي للثوم باستخدام الكشوفات النوعية وتقنية كروماتوغرافيا الغاز GC فكشفت تلك الطرائق وتقنية كروماتوكرافيا الغاز بان المستخلص يحتوي على القلويدات والفينولات والفلافونويدات والتربينويدات والتانينات والكاروتينات بالاضافة الى وجود الاحماض الامينية ومركبات كبريتية اهمها الاليسين allicin واخرى اروماتية | The current study included isolation and molecular and phenotypic identification of some the opportunistic fungi from the lower respiratory tract of the immunocompromised patients in the Department of Oncology and Thoracic Consultant Clinic of Alhaboobi hospital at Thi - Qar Province ( South of Iraq). The specimens of sputum were 130 which collected during 1/ October /2015 until 1/May/2016. The study showed that 85 of the collected specimens appeared as positive results which were 65.38% of the ratio in which the females ones were 21 (46.67%) specimens while 64 (75.29%) for males. In addition that, the highest ratio of the positive results was recorded in the ages of 61 - 70 years, followed by 31 - 40 years which were 32.94% and 15.25%, respectively. Totally, 106 isolates of the isolated opportunistic fungi appeared from the positive specimens. Through using morphological methods and molecular techniques, this study showed the first rank of the isolated fungi was Candida spp followed by Aspergillus spp, and Penicillium spp which possessed ratios of 49.41%, 38.32% and 21.17, respectively. According to the species, the first ratio of the isolation was Candida albicans followed by Aspergillus falvus, as 36.47%, 12.94%, respectively. Fifteen fungal isolates of the present study were recorded in the Gene Bank of NCBI. In this study, the extracts of Allium sativum were separately obtained by using four organic solvents (ethanol, acetone, methanol and water) and three concentrations (50%, 70% and absolute) of each solvents except water. Four concentrations of each extract were tested against 11 species of the isolated fungi in which the water extract gave the best value of the bioactivity including highest inhibitory value (60 mm) against Penicillium notatum by using 400µg\ml compared with the extracts of ethanol, acetone, and methanol. The bioactivity of Allium sativum extracts of each solvent was done against the tested fungi in comparison with Amphotericin B, Nystatin and Miconazole in which two of them produced the different bioactivities while Miconazole had no effect. The blood cytotoxicity of the crude water extract was performed against red blood cells and it did not appear any hemolysis. The chemical tests and Gas Chromatography (GC) revealed that the water extract contains alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins and carotenes in addition to sulfur formations, such as allicin as well as aromatic compounds.

التحري الجزيئي والوبائي لطفيلي المتحولة Entamoeba Spp. في الاطفال المصابين بالاسهال في محافظة ذي قار == Molecular and Epidemiological investigation of the Parasite Entamoeba Spp. In children with diarrhea in Thi Qar Province

اسم المؤلف: منار كريم كاظم السعيدي
اسم المشرف: فاضل عباس منشد العبادي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: شملت الدراسة الحالية فحص 3909 عينة غائط للاطفال دون سن 12 سنة الذين يعانون من الاسهال ويشكون من الام بطنية والمراجعين لمستشفى بنت الهدى التعليمي ومستشفى الشهيد محمد الموسوي والمراكز الصحية والعيادات الخارجية في محافظة ذي قار خلال المدة من شهر تشرين الاول 2015 لغاية شهر ايلول 2016 تضمنت الدراسة ثلاثة محاور رئيسة . المحور الاول هو تشخيص جنس المتحولة مجهريا باستعمال المسحة المباشرة الرطبة وطريقة التركيز وذلك للكشف عن الاطوار المتغذية والمتكيسه للطفيلي واظهرت اصابة كلية بجنس المتحولة Entamoeba spp. بنسبة 26.86% واختيرت 80 عينة من العينات الموجبة مجهريا لتاكيد التشخيص باستعمال الفحص الجزيئي PCR بواسطة الجين 18S rRNAفسجلت الدراسة اصابة كلية بطفيلي المتحولة بنسبة 35% ، اظهرت نتائج الفحص باستعمال طريقة Nested PCR لتمييز الانواع (Species Specific) اصابة بطفيلي المتحولة الحالة للنسج Entamoeba histolytica بنسبة 39.29% وبطفيلي المتحولة المتغايرة Entamoeba dispar بنسبة 39.29% . فحصت العينات الموجبة (28) للPCR باستعمال Real - Time PCR وبوجود المجسان Probes المجس Histolytica - 96 T الخاص بالمتحولة الحالة للنسج والمجس Dispar - 96 T الخاص بالمتحولة المتغايرة وذلك لتاكيد التشخيص وتمايز الانواع فثبت وجود المتحولة الحالة للنسج باعلى نسبة 53.57% والمتحولة المتغايرة بنسبة 39.29% والانواع الاخرى لجنس المتحولة بنسبة 7.14% وبفارق معنوي بين الطريقتين الجزيئيتين مع وجود تاثير معنوي لنوع الطفيلي في احداث الاصابة . اظهرت الدراسة اصابة مفرد لطفيلي E. histolytica بنسبة 45.50% ولطفيلي E.dispar بنسبة 27.20% فيما سجلت اصابة مختلطة بنسبة 27.30% كما وسجلت وجود كريات الدم الحمر في 80% من العينات الموجبة لوجود E. histolytica وبنسبة 54.55% من العينات الموجبة لوجود E.dispar . تضمن المحور الثاني دراسة انتشار الاصابة بجنس المتحولة من خلال دراسة علاقة الاصابة مع بعض العوامل الوبائية ، منها فصول السنة التي اظهرت وجود فروق معنوية P≤0.05 فكان فصل الصيف اعلى الفصول من حيث نسبة الاصابة 37.06% وادناها في فصل الشتاء بلغت 14.14% ، كذلك لم تبين النتائج وجود فروق معنوية للاصابة فيما يخص الفئات العمرية فكانت النسب اعلاها بين الاطفال دون (3) سنوات فبلغت 30.50% ادناها بين الاطفال في الفئة الاعلى من (10) سنوات بلغت 17.13% ، لم تسجل الدراسة اية فروق معنوية في نسبة الاصابة بالطفيلي بحسب الجنس فسجلت نسبة 26.87% و26.85% للاناث والذكور على التوالي، في حين اظهرت الدراسة وجود فروق معنوية ملحوظة فيما يخص المستوى المعاشي فكانت نسبة الاصابة لدى الاطفال الذين ينتمون للعائلات ذات الدخل المحدود هي الاعلى 37.98% واقلها للذين ينتمون للعائلات ذات الدخل فوق الجيد وبلغت 10.11% كما سجلت النتائج وجود فروق معنوية في نسب الاصابة حسب المستوى التعليمي للابوين فكانت نسبة الاصابة عالية لدى الاطفال الذين المستوى العلمي لذويهم دون الابتدائية مقارنة بذوي الاطفال من حملة الشهادات الجامعية وبلغت النسب 36.85% و8.55% على التوالي فيما يخص عدد افراد العائلة كانت نسبة الاصابة عالية وبفارق معنوي لدى الاطفال الذين ينتمون لعائلات تتكون اكثر من (10) افراد واقلها للذين ينتمون لعائلات التي يبلغ عددها (5 - 3) افراد بنسب بلغت 36.95% و8.54% على التوالي . تضمن المحور الثالث دراسة بعض المعايير الدمية ومعرفة التغير في نسبة هذه المعايير لدى الاطفال المصابين بالطفيلي عند مقارنتها بالمعايير الدمية للاطفال الاصحاء وتم ذلك باستعمال جهاز Coulter Counter . جمعت 150 عينة دم من الاطفال المصابين بطفيلي المتحولة و50 عينة دم من الاطفال الذين يمثلون مجموعة السيطرة الاصحاء وتبين وجود فروق معنوية واضحة في نسبة خضاب الدم 10.16%وحجم كريات الدم الحمر المضغوط 34.7% حيث لوحظ انخفاضهما في مجموعة المصابين مقارنة بالقيم في مجموعة السيطرة التي بلغت 12.34 و39.10 على التوالي. سجلت نتائج العد الكلي لخلايا الدم البيض وجود ارتفاع معنوي في الاطفال المصابين مقارنة بمجموعة الاطفال الاصحاء وبلغت 11.3، 8.37 على التوالي وفيما يخص العد التفريقي لها فقد بينت النتائج وجود ازدياد بفارق معنوي في عدد الخلايا العدلة 6.92 و4.03 والخلايا الحمضة 0.61 و0.17 والخلايا الوحيدة 1.19 و0.93 على التوالي ولوحظ كذلك وجود انخفاضا معنويا في عد الخلايا اللمفاوية في الاطفال المصابين مقارنة بقيمتها لدى اطفال مجموعة السيطرة التي بلغت 2.19 و2.76 على التوالي | The current study included examination of 3909 stool samples from under 12 years old children who visited Bint Al - Huda hospital, Martyr Mohammad Al - Mosawi hospital, medical centres and outpatient clinics in Thiqar governorate during the period from October 2015 until September 2016. All those individuals were suffering from diarrhea and abdominal pain. This study included the microscopic identification of Entamoeba Spp. using direct wet amount and concentration techniques in order to diagnose both Trophozoite and cyst stages of the parasite. The result revealed that 1050 (26.86%) of the collected samples were infected with Entamoeba Spp. Out of these infected samples, 80 were randomly selected for further confirmation by conventional PCR and 18S rRNA. Using this method, 28 (35%) was recorded to have Entamoeba Spp. Positive samples from conventional PCR were further examined by Nested PCR for species specific identification. The result of this method showed the presence of two species, E. histolytica (39.29%) and E. dispar (39.29%).Positive samples for molecular examination (28) were then examined by Real time PCR in order to verify and confirm the molecular results. Two probes were used, Histolytica - 96 Tfor E. histolytica and Dispar - 96 T for E. dispar. A significant difference was observed between two methods. E. histolytica was found to be higher percentage followed by E. dispar and then Entamoeba Spp., 53.57%, 39.29% and 7.14% respectively. The Real time PCR reported mono - infection with E. histolytica in 45.5% and with E. dispar in 27.2%, whereas reported mixed infections by both parasites in 27.3%. Red blood cells (RBCs) were detected in 80% E. histolytica positive samples and in 54.55% E. dispar positive ones.The environmental factors and their correlation with Entamoeba Spp. prevalence were also included in this study. The infection prevalence based on the seasonal variation showed significant differences P≤ 0.05. Summer recorded the highest infection prevalence whereas the lowest was in the winter, 37.06% and 14.14% respectively. Regarding the infection in age groups, the highest percentage (30.5%) was recorded in under 3 years old group and the lowest (17.13%) was found in above 10 years old one. However, no significant difference P≤ 0.05 was observed between these age groups. Furthermore, no significant differences were recorded betweenpatient’s sex. Entamoeba Spp. infection (37.98%) appeared to be higher in children who belong to families with low standard of living compared to those who are from families that earning a higher income (10.11%). A Similar pattern was found in Entamoeba Spp. prevalence based on the number of the patient’s family members. Higher prevalence and significant difference were reported (39.95%) in patients who belong high family member (above 10), compared to those from 3 - 5family member (8.54%).One hundred and fifty blood samples from infected children with Entamoeba Spp. and fifty samples from healthy children as a control were collected during the present study in order to observe the change in blood picture and parameters between two groups. Significant differences were reported in blood hemoglobin (10.16%) and volume of packed RBCs (34.7%) in the infected group compared to 12.34% and 39.10% in the control group. Total leukocyte count was found to be significantly higher in the infected group (11.3) compared to the individuals in the control group (3.37). Differential leukocyte count also showed significant differences in Neutrophils (6.92%, 4.03), eosinophils (0.61, 0.17), monocytes (1.19,0.93) and lymphocytes (2.19, 2.76) in infected and control groups respectively.

معاملة بذور الذرة الصفراء Zea mays L. بحامض السالسياليك واثرها في تحمل الشد المائي المستحث بمادة الكلايكول متعدد الاثلين == The treatment of Corn seeds (Zea mays L.) with salicylic acid and its effects on drought tolerance induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG)

اسم المؤلف: وسن فوزي عبد الحسین
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study was conducted in Plant physiology laboratory, department of biology, college of education for pure sciences, University of Basrah from 1/6/2015 till 10/7/2016 in order to evaluate the effect ofpretreatment (soaking) seeds of corn (Zea mays L.) cv. Baghdad 3with salicylic acid (SA) on germination, early seedlings growth and to minimize the effect of water stress induced with poly ethylene glycol (PEG). The study included the following experiments : 1 - Effect of SA and PEG on germination using a hydroponic culture and Hoagland solution in which corn seeds were soaked in three concentrations (0.1,0.3,0.5) mMof SA in addition to control treatment with distilled water for six hours. Water stress were induced with PEG at concentrations of 0 (distilled water),1%,2%,3%,6%,9% and 12%. This experiment indicated that the optimum soaking concentration with SA was 0.5 mM and that there was no germination at 12% PEG.2 - Effect of interaction between corn seeds pretreatment with DW, 0.5mM of SA for six hoursand PEG at all previous concentrations except 12%, on early corn seedlings growth using hydroponic culture and Hoagland nutrient solution, for three weeks.3 - Effect of interaction betweencorn seeds pretreatment with DW, 0.5 mM of SA for six hoursand water stress induced with PEG at 3% and 6% on vegetative growth using pots filled with a mixture of sand and peat moss for three months.The parameters were evaluated after each of the previous experiments, also , Biochemical test . Plant height, leaves number, root length and number, dry and fresh weight for shoot and roots, while the followingparameters were evaluated in corn leaves after pots experiment : 1 - Biochemical tests included : proline and glycine betain concentrations, total carbohydrates, total chlorophyll, sodium and potassium ions concentrations.2 - Leaves anatomical study to compare the effect of PEG inducedwater stress and the role of its interaction with pretreatment with SA on thegrowth and development of internal structure of corn leaves.The following results were estimated : 1 - Germination percentage : increasing water stress in the nutrient media reduced the % germination significantly when compared with control treatment. Seeds pretreatment with SA enhanced the germination percent and the highest percent was at interaction between PEG at 1%, 2% and SA at 0.5 mM.2 - Growth parameters for seedling at hydroponic culture indicated that plant height, fresh and dry weight for shoot and roots have increased significantly when seeds were pretreated with 0.5 Mm SA All theprevious parameters were reduced significantly under PEG induced waterstress especially at 9%. Interaction between SAand PEG caused apositive significant increases in all studied parameters especially atconcentrations less than 6% and 9% PEG.3 - Growth parameters for corn plants grown at pots have showed a significant increase when pretreated with SA compared with that treated with DW. PEG caused a significant decrease in the growth parameters IIIespecially at 6%. Interaction between DW and 6% PEG recorded the lowest growth in all studied parameters. 4 - Biochemical tests : There was a significant increase in total carbohydrates and total chlorophyll content in leaves of corn plants pretreated with SA in compare with that pretreatdwith DW while the content of proline and glycine betaine were higher significantly in leaves pretreated with DW.In case of PEG induced water stress, the highest total carbohydrates content was at 6%, highest chlorophyll content at 3% while proline and glycine betaine highest content were at 6% PEG. 5 - Sodium and Potassium Concentration : The highest potassium concentration was at plant treated with SA while the highest sodium concentration was at plant treated with DW. Increasing PEG concentrations caused a significant increase in potassium concentration and a significant decrease in sodium concentration. Interaction results revealed that the highest potassium and the lowest sodium concentrations were at interaction between SA and PEG at 6%. 6 - Anatomical study results revealed that increasing water stress effected the leaves tissues structures and this were cleared at vascular bundles tissues (xylem and phloem tissues) and bundle sheath. Upper and lower epidermis, polliform cells were also affected by increasing water stress.The anatomy of leaves also showed that there was a positive enhancement in the structure of leaves tissues in the plants grown from pretreated seeds with SA.

الحساسية الغذائية للروبيان : دراسة وبائية ومناعية وجزيئية في محافظة البصرة جنوب العراق == Food allergy of shrimp : Epidemiological,Immunological and Molecular Study inBasra Province, Southern of Iraq

اسم المؤلف: نور جاسم علي جودة
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: A total of 210 human venous blood samples were collected from Basrah province ( 190 randomly collected from people living in different regions of Basrah province , 10 blood samples from people who did not have a history of shrimp consumption or dealing with it used as negative control group, anther 10 samples of people who are sensitive to shrimp used as a positive control group). The samples were serologically tested by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to estimate the distribution of total and specificIgE in the sera of studied individuals . Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the HLA - DQB1*02 , *0302 , *0305 allels. The immunological study included the preparation of two types of Metapenaeus affinis allergens which are the raw allergens and the boiled allergens used in Indirect ELISA test to determin shrimp food allergies by serodiagnosis , while Direct ELISA test was used to estimate the distribution of total IgE by quantitative serological methods in the sera of studied samples. the concentration of protein in antigens extracts was estimated, the protein concentration in the boiled shrimp extract was less than its concentration in the raw extract.The results of direct ELISA test demonstrated a decrease in the level of total IgE antibodies in most of the studied samples , the level of IgE <100 recorded a significant high rate 98.4% which is more than the level of IgE > 100 which recorded apercentage of 1.6% and there was a significant difference between them. The Indirect ELISA test results revealed that the total percentage of IgE distribution of the raw and boiled shrimp antigens were 57.8% and 74.2% respectively and there was a significant difference between males and females .However , the difference was not significant between the age groups P>0.05.The molecular study was conducted to detect the presence of some alleles HLADQB1* 02, *0302, *0305 gene in the blood samples by using PCR . The current study showed that the association of the presence of these alleles and the level of total immunoglobulin is highly significant.Also the current study showed that a high significant difference was found between the positive samples to the studied alleles and the seropositive and seronegative results of raw and boild shrimp allergen specific IgE based on Indirect ELISA (P≤0.01).The results of PCR showed a high frequency ratio of HLADQB1 * 0302 97.2% in allergic patients of shrimp boild allergen and 56.9% in allergic patients of shrimp raw allergen .Also the current study showed a very high frequency ratio of HLADQB1 *0305 98.2% in the individuals who showed positive results for the raw allergen and recorded 65.2%. in the individuals who showed positive results for the boild allergen ,while HLADQB1*02 showed in one sample of studied samples which recorded positive results to raw and boild allergens of shrimp .The current study demonstrated also that the alleles frequency in some of studied samples which are seronegative by Indirect ELISA test , HLADQB1*0302 was 30.9% in raw antigens, while in the negative boild sample was not observed . HLADQB1*0305 was 1.23% in serongative of raw allergen and 16.32% in boild allergen. However, HLADQB1*02 was notobserved in seronagative to raw and boild shrimp allergen.

تقييم حالة النباتات المائية الغاطسة في بعض مناطق هور شرق الحمار وشط العرب جنوبي العراق باستخدام بعض دلائل التنوع الاحيائي == Assessment of the Status of Submerged Aquatic Plants in Some Areas of East Hammar Marsh and Shatt Al - Arab River Southern Iraq Using Some Biodiversity Indices

اسم المؤلف: سما عباس عبد المجيد الزيدي
اسم المشرف: دنيا علي حسين العباوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة المائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was conducted to assess the state of submerged aquatic plants in some areas of East Hammar marsh and Shatt al - Arab River, as measured by some of the chemical and physical properties of water and sediment in six stations, three of which are located in East Hammar marsh (Nagara, Sallal and Almshab) and the other three are located in the Shatt al - Arab (the island Muhammadiyah, Salhiya and Mhella). Environmental surveys of submerged aquatic plants were done and registered their presence, their vegetation cover and biomass as well as the biodiversity indices (diversity and evenness, and dominance) for 12 months from October 2015 until September 2016.The air temperature in the East Hammar marsh ranged between 19 - 45.3 C, water temperature 14.3 - 32.4C , transparency between 20 - 100cm , Turbidity between 20.9 - 65.3 NTU, depth of 50 - 160 cm and dissolved oxygen between 5.4 - 6.9 mg / L, pH between 7.6 - 8.6 , electrical conductivity between 3.8 - 12.5 mS / cm, nitrates between102.23 - 549.64 μg/L, effective phosphorus between 4.15 - 9.6 μg/L . As for the Shatt al - Arab River values ranged : air temperature between 18 - 48 C , water temperature was between 14.2 - 32.3 , Transparency between 23 - 90 cm, turbidity between 12.8 - 68.3 NTU , depth of 60 - 200 cm , dissolved oxygen between 5.4 - 7.9 mg / L , pH between 7.5 - 8.51 , electrical conductivity between 2.8 - 12.4 mS / cm , nitrates between 106.17 - 569.42 μg/L, effective phosphorus between 4.93 - 9.13 μg /L .BpH and electrical conductivity values of the sediments in the Shatt al - Arab and East Hammar marsh were reached 7.7 - 8.3 and 1.08 - 2.91 mS / cm and 7.5 - 8.4 and 1.12 to 3.05 mS / cm respectively, effective phosphorus values in sediment ranged in sediment of East Hammar marsh between 5.69 - 42.51μg/L, While in Shatt al - Arab fluctuated between 5.12 - 40.3 μg/L, and the value of the organic matter in the Shatt al - Arab were 5.6 to 14.5%, while in the East Hammar marsh reached 7.4 - 15%. The sediments are similar texture in the Shatt al - Arab and East Hammar marsh (Silty clay).The presence of three species were recorded in the Shatt al - Arab River included Potamogeton crispus , Potamogeton pectinatus and Potamogeton perfoliatus, while five species in the East Hammar marsh Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllun spicatum , Potamogeton crispus , Potamogeton pectinatus and Potamogeton perfoliatus.As calculated biodiversity evidence was that East Hammar marsh was more diverse than the Shatt al - Arab, while dominancy was clear in the Shatt al - Arab, compared with East Hammar marsh.This study showed that the sudden rise in salinity values as well as increased nutrients led to degradation of water quality, which was reflected on the presence and vegetation cover of submerged aquatic plants as well as biodiversity resulting from the presence of Tilapia and other fish that use submerged aquatic plants as food as well as the human factor.

تقييم فعالية عقاري Nandrolone decanuate وAlbendazole للاصابات المختلفة بداء الاكياس العدرية في الفئران المختبرية سلالة Balb/c == Evaluate the effectiveness of a drug Nandrolone decanuate and Albendazole for injuries the different infections by hydatid cysts in mice Balb/c

اسم المؤلف: سعيد فاضل مناتي الحمداني
اسم المشرف: مسلم عبد الرحمن محمد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تبنت الدراسة الحالية استعمال طرق مختلفة لاحداث الاصابة برؤيسات الاولية Protoscolex المستخرجة من الطور اليرقي ( الاكياس العدرية ) لطفيلي Echinococcus granulosus وهذه الطرق هي الحقن الوريدي والجنبي وتحت الجلد وكذلك عن طريق الغشاء البريتوني . اظهرت الدراسة حدوث الاصابة وتطور الاكياس العدرية في كل الطرق اعلاه . كذلك تم استعمال طريقة الحقن في اللفائفي والتجريع عن طريق الفم لكن لم تظهر الاصابة المستخدمة بهذه الطرق اي تطور للاكياس العدرية في حيواتات التجربة . كذلك حقن 650 رؤيس اولي في جميع طرق الحقن وتبين حدوث الاصابة في نفس مواقع الحقن بطريقة الحقن تحت الجلد والحقن الجنبي وعن طريق الغشاء البريتوني. ولكن طريقة الحقن الوريدي اظهرت حدوث الاصابة وتطور الاكياس العدرية في اماكن مختلفة من جسم الحيوان المختبري ويكون الكيس العدري متموضعا بين نسيج العضو المصاب في حين الحقن عن طريق الجنب وتحت الجلد والغشاء البريتوني يكون الاكياس العدرية المتطورة ملتصقة على سطح العضو المصاب . كذلك اثبتت الدراسة وجود اختلاف في الوان الاكياس العدرية المتكونه وحسب طريقة الحقن. استـــــعمل في هذه الدراســــــــة عقار Albendazole وعــــــقار Nandrolone decanuate كعقارات علاجات للاصابة المستعملة وتبين ان لها تاثير ادى الى موت الرؤيسات الاولية بتقدم فترة الاصابة واثبتت الدراسة ان عقار Nandrolone اكثر كفاءة من عقار البندازول وذلك من خلال الاختلافات في النسبة المئوية لموت الرؤيسات الاولية وكذلك بسبب هذا العقارشوه في شكل الرؤيسات وطريقة ابعاجها اذ كان الانبعاج الى الخارج في حين كان الانبعاج الى الداخل في الاصابات المعالجة بعقار البندازول . | The present study showed various methods for the infection by the protoscolex obtained from the larval phase of the Echinococcus granulosus . which involved the venus,pleural,subcutaneous and peritoneal injection . In all injection method 650 protoscolex were injected ,It was found that no infection happen in the same location to the injection which resulted by the subcutaneous,pleural and pretonal injections. On the contrary to thatresulted by venous injection in wich the injection occurred in varoes sites of the lab animals body ,and the hydatid cysts were pervasine with in the diseased infected organ tissues. Wile that resulted by pertonial ,subcutaneous and hered the surface of the organ. The colors of the hydrated cysts were also varied according to the infection methods.Albendazole and Nandrolone were used as treatments against the induced infections and it was found that Nandrolone was more efficient than albendazole,That was observed by the rates of the protoscolex caused by the action of the drugs and desmorphorphology and invagination outward while in albendazole was inward

دراسة تشخيصية مظهرية وجزيئية للشريطيات المتطفلة على نورس مستدق المنقار Larus genei والكرسوع Himantopus himantopus شمال محافظة البصرة == Diagnostic, Morphological and Molecular Studies on some cestodes parasitized on Larus genei and Himantopus himantopus , North of Basrah province

اسم المؤلف: سحر محمد علي محمد سعيد المظفر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: During the period from August 2015 to July 2016, fifty three aquatic birds of Larus genei (slender - billed Gull) family Laridae and 52 of Himantopus himantopus family Recurvirostridae were collected from Al - masehab marsh north of Basrah Province.The current study was focused on these two birds due to its economic importance to the local people of the study area. These two birds were found infected with 10 species of cestodes. Echinocotyle longirostris and Infula burhini were recorded for the first time in Iraq. Larus genei was considered as a new host of Wardium fusa.The isolated cestodes were described and compared with other recorded species at different parts of Iraq and the world.The percentage and the mean intensity of infection of these 10 species of cestodes were counted monthly and seasonly together with single, double and trible infection during the whole year. The main percentage infection was reached to 95.2% and the main intensity was 13.49. In L. genei the percentage and mean intensity were 90.5% and 15.4 recepectively, while for H. himantopus were 100% and 11.8 recpectively. In L. genei the high percentage infection was found in August 2015 and September , November, and December 2016, and during March, April, May, June and July for H. himantopus. A significant difference was recorded between the percentage and the mean intensity of infection.Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique with random 6 primers was used to distinguish between Infula burhini and Acoleus vaginatus wich isolated from the bird H. himantopus due to the morphological similarities.The Scanning Electron Microscope (Pharmacy College, Basrah University) was used to photograph the scolex of A. vaginatus and I. burhini.

دراسة المايكوبلازما المصاحبة لحالات العقم في الرجال في محافظة البصرة == Study of Mycoplasma associated with men infertility in Basrah province

اسم المؤلف: زهراء كاتب جمعة
اسم المشرف: غيداء جاسم عبد النبي الغزاوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study aimed current was to determine the role of Mycoplasma in men infertility in Basrah province . A100 seminal fluid specimens were collected from men who were admitted to infertility center in Basrah province from 1/10/2015 to 31/5/2016 .Besides 50 semen specimens were collected from those who determine fertility men as control group. Samples then were cultured on Monophasic - Diphasic - Culture - Setup(MDCS) to isolation Mycoplasma then the samples were cultured on Blood agar, MacConkey agar and Chocolate agar to isolation bacteria other than Mycoplasma .The isolated Mycoplasma from 48 cases were concluded five species : Ureaplasma urealyticum 38% ; Mycoplasma hominis 21%;Mycoplasma genitalium 15% ; Mycoplasma pirum 15% and Mycoplasma fermentans 11% . Where the last two species are first recorded in Iraq from semen.This Study also recorded that the patients of 30 - 39 years old were of high infertility rate and Mycoplasma infection percentage.High the percentage of a single infection was related to U. urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis .By using the double Vitek 2 system 22 other bacterial species were diagnosed from seminal fluid. some of these species were first recorded in Iraq and represented types next : Staphylococcus haemolyticus ,,Enterococcus faecalis Staphylococcus hominis , Staphylococcus warneri ,Kocuria rosea , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Kocuria kristinae ,Granulicatella elegans , Vibrio cholera , Aeromonas salmonicida ,Enterococcus faecium , Morganella morganii, Enterobacter cloacae ,Alcaligenes faecalis , Staphylococcus xylosus , Micrococcus lutes ,Granulicatella adiacens, Kocuria varians,And the most exhibited and isolated bacterial species was of Staphylococcus haemolyticus.Mycoplasma infection were noticed in patients who were suffering from other diseases like varicose 18.75% and diabetes 8.33% and bladder nerve pressure 4.16% .In this study the primary infertility was 82% included 39 cases infected with Mycoplasma , while for the secondary infertility 18% nine cases were infected with Mycoplasma .High infection rate of Mycoplasma 69.23% was recorded in patients who underwent a varicose other Surgery compare with the other patients.Mycoplasma infection for the five species was clear quantity and quality in semen analysis for infertile men was less than control group .Where the semen volume was very small and the sperms count was effect on also the sperm morphology and activity (mobility) were affected by Mycoplasma infection . Pus cells and RBC. Were appeared in semen.This study also , confirmed that there is a 7% of semen from infertile men , was free from bacterial infection.

دراسة تعدد الاشكال الوراثية لجين GSTPI في مرض السكري من النوع الثاني لعينة مرضى في محافظة البصرة وعلاقتها بدهون مصل الدم == Genetic Polymorphism of Gultathion - S - Transferase GSTPI in Type2 Diabetes Mellitus and it's Correlation with Blood Serum lipid Profile in Basrah Province

اسم المؤلف: حنين صباح عبد الصمد
اسم المشرف: فائزة عبد الوهاب احمد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was carried out to investigate the relationships between the T2DM patients and the genotypes of glutathione S - transferase P1, and the measurements of blood serum lipid profile of patients and control. The study included 60 blood samples from patients and 40 blood sample from controls of Iraqi individuals. The sixty individual with T2DM were diagnosed according to the American diabetes Association criteria (American diabetes Association, 2007), their age ranged were between 35 - 75 years randomly selected from those attending the Diabetes Center /Al - Moanaa Hospital for treatment with history of hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Sera and blood were used as sample, The measured parameters in serum included (Biochemical testes) : Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Total Cholesrtol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Very high density lipoprotein (VLDL). In Addition to Body Mass Index (BMI) .Moreover, the correlation between genotyping of glutathione S - transferase P1 and all studied parameters was carried out. Molecular studies involved DNA extraction and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - Retraction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). to investigate the genetic polymorphism of glutathione S - transferase pi gene class for individuals of this study .Molecular study was conducted in the laboratory of molecular Biology, Department of Biology for pure Sciences college at Basra University .The result showed that Sex, BMI, HDL, LDL and VLDL values for patients and control were not significant while for the level of FBG in patients and control it showed significantly difference (P=0.000). This study revealed significant Positive Correlation between cholesterol and triglyceride (P=0.01). while the Correlation coefficient between Triglyceride & HDL,VLDL individually also between HDL and LDL ,VLDL and LDL with VLDL individually was not significant furthermore FBG and Cholesterol showed positive significant Correlation .The result of genetic polymorphism of GSTPI distribution among studied groups showed rise developing risk of Type 2 Diabetes in patients about 2 - fold in carries heterozygous Ile/Val genotype with an ( OR=2.90; 95% Cl= 1.077 - 7.827, p=0.31) and allele frequency 0.69.,and there is an increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes in patients about 2and half - fold in carries of The homozygous Val/Val genotype in patients with an (OR=2.58, 95%CI=0.625 - 10.662, p=0.171). the heterozygote distribution (2Pq ) of Patients was 0.427 while in control 0.268 and it was not stable according to Hardy - Winderg question.According to data mentioned above the GSTPI genotype polymorphism may play an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM while its effect on all lipid profile indicator did not show any significant difference.

بعض الجوانب الحياتية للروبيان الدخيل والروبيان Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan,1849) من Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) بعض المواقع المائية في محافظة البصرة == Some Biological aspects of the Invasive Shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan,1849) and The Shrimp Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) from some Aquatic sites of the Basrah province

اسم المؤلف: انوار مالك جبار المالكي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study intended to shed the light on some biological aspects of the invasive oriental river Shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense compared with that of Jinga shrimp Metapenaeus affinis . For this purpose, Monthly samples were collected and chosen from four Aquatic sites was chosen in the Basrah province (one at each of Al - Mashab and Al - Sallal Marshes and two at Al - Garmah River) during the period from July 2015 to June 2016. collection was done by Fishnet pulled by a boat .The Shrimp numbers were calculated during the time unit (ind./hour) .The Water’s temperature and salinity were studied, it ranged from 15 - 33 ͦ c and 2 - 9.1psu respectively. From a total of 3326, individuals were collected during the study period, only 7% were belong to the first shrimp (M. nipponense ) Compared with 93% to the second shrimp( M. affinis ).The number of each species studied shrimps, varied the monthly. The high number of M. nipponense was 38(ind./hour) recorded during July 2015 and June 2016, while the lowest was 2 (ind./hour) recorded during October and November 2015 . For M. affinis The number of individuals ranged between 980(ind./hour) during August 2015 and 29 (ind./hour) during November 2015 .The comparative monthly percentages were high during seven and six months in the marshes sites recorded for first and second shrimp respectively. The monthly variation in percentages of the two species of shrimps was studied, It ranged (for M. affinis) from 98.8% during August 2015 to 56.8% during July 2015 , while for M. nipponense , It ranged from 43.2% during July 2015 to 1.2% during August 2015 .The results of Frequency showed that the highest percent (100%) was recorded in four months for M. nipponense , these are July, October 2015 February and May 2016. While M. affinis was recorded in most months.Summary bThe population sizes for the two species were studied. For the first species( M. nipponense ), the size class 50 - 60mm dominant during all months of the study period, While for the second species (M. affinis), the size classes 40 - 50, 50 - 60, 60 - 70, and 70 - 80 were recorded during all the months for the first shrimp, the highest percent was 47.3% recorded for the size class 70 - 80 mm , While there is no individuals recorded for the size class 10 - 20 mm during all the months except July 2015 for the second shrimps ,the percentage ranged between 41.4% and less than 1% recorded during May 2016 to March 2016 respectively. On the other hand , the total Frequency for M. nipponense ranged from 83.3% to 0% for the size classes 70 - 80 mm and 10 - 20 mm respectively, While for M. affinis was from 100% recorded for the classes 40 - 50, 50 - 60, 60 - 70 and 70 - 80mm to 8.3% for the class .The Length - Length and Length - weight relationships for the two species were studied The results showed positive correlation between the total length and each of cephalothorax length and abdomen length (r= 0.932 and r= 0.945 respectively, P≤0.01 ) for M. nipponense , Also M. affinis , the correlation was positive for the total length and each of cephalothorax length(r= 0.938) and abdomen length (r= 0.971) (P≤0.01 ) . The correlation was positive between the total length and wet weight for each M. nipponense (r= 0.918 P≤0.01) and M. affinis (r= 0.913 P≤0.01).The Statistical analysis for the weight - weight relationships showed positive correlation between dry and wet weight for M. nipponense (r= 0.966, P≤0.01) and M. affinis (r= 0.918 P≤0.01).The correlation between the lengths of the body and the 2nd chela for male & female of M. nipponense (r= 0.909 and r= 0.823 respectively), these values of correlation refer to the continuous growth of the 2nd chela in male even after the adult stage .Summary cThe concentrations of ten heavy and light metals in shells & muscles of the two shrimps were studied. The results showed a significant differences in eight of them (Cadmium, Potassium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Nickel, Zinc and Sodium) . While there is no significant differences recorded for Lead and Cobalt .The study of some biological aspect which concerned with distribution of eggs on pleopods of females of M. nipponense , showed that the highest mean of eggs was 547.3 (38%) carried on the 2nd pleopod while there are fewer means carried on 1st and 3rd pleopods , and no carry eggs (0%)were carried on the 5th pleopod. The Statistical analysis showed that there was significant differences between the eggs carried on 4th and 5th pleopods and each of the rest ones . lengths of pleopod was positively correlated with the number of eggs (r= 0.661, P≤0.01) The weight of ovigerous female was positively correlated with weight of eggs (r= 0.835, P≤0.01) .The combined effects of salinity and temperature on survival of newly hatched larvae (zoea1 and zoea2) of M. nipponense for 24 & 48 hours’ were tested.The highest survival percentage (100%) for zoea1 was recorded in 12 psu salinity in each of 18, 22 and 26 ͦ c ,While the lowest survival (0%) was recorded in distal water in each 30 and 34 ͦ c . the highest survival percentage was recorded in 12 psu salinity in each 18, 22, 26 and 30 ͦ c. While the lowest one recorded in distal water and 34 ͦ c. The Statistical analysis showed that the percentage survival correlates negatively with temperature and positively with salinity each alone. the combined effect of salinity and temperature on survival was positive with percentage ranged between 38 - 56 % .

دراسة تاثيرالسمية النباتية والوراثية لتراكيز مختلفة من الاوكسينات ومضادات التلوث في استحثاث الكالس الاولي لنخيل صنف الحلاوي. (Phoenix dactylifera L.) التم == Assessment of Phytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of different Auxins concentrations and decontamination agents on initiation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) primary callus of Hillawii cv.

اسم المؤلف: اسراء عبد الرزاق حميد السامر
اسم المشرف: صبيح داود محمد العطبي | محمد حمزة عباس
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الانسجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of the growth regulators 2, 4 - D; Dicamba and NAA on the induction of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) primary callus Hillawii cv., by analyzing morphological, biochemical; anatomical and molecular responses. Three concentration of 2, 4 - D (10; 50 and 100 mg/L), Dicamba (1; 5 and 10 mg/L) and 30 mg/L of NAA were examined during the course of this study. in addition, several antimicrobial agents were selected to evaluate their morphological and biochemical impacts on the primary callus of date palm including the antibiotics (Gentamycin 50 mg/L and Chloramphenicol 50 and 100 mg/L), as well as, the fungicides (Switch 1 g/L and Beltanol 1 ml/L), After induction of the primary callus from each treatments, the following results were obtained : 1. The results showed that the treatments with 2, 4 - D at 10 mg/L and Dicamba at 1 and 5 mg/L did not stimulate any callus growth over the time of incubation on MS medium.2. It was evident that the treatments of different growth regulators have a significant effect on the initial period (day) for callus initiation, the shortest period have been obtained with the low concentration of 2, 4 - D (50 mg/L) and Dicamba (10 mg/L) which were 67.57 and 66.75 days, respectively, while the high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L) led to increase this period significantly up to 120 days.3. Both fresh and dry weight of date palm primary callus decreased significantly at the treatment of high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L) up to two folds compared to the treatment at low concentration of 2, 4 - D (50 mg/L), similar trend of results were found with browning percentage and intensity.4. Biochemical analysis of produced date palm primary callus revealed that the high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L) led to a significant increase in the total content of carbohydrates; Proline, Peroxidase activity and Phenolic compounds which considered as a stress indicators, and another decrease of total soluble proteins and free amino acids was accompanied with this treatment compared to the same growth regulator at low concentration and Dicamba treatments.5. Anatomical study revealed that asignificant damage was caused by the high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L) on date palm primary callus, this damage was evident from the abundant and distribution of tannins compounds across the primary callus tissues, thus, was accompanied with high percent of browning, compared with the treatments of 2, 4 - D at low concentration, Dicamba and NAA.6. The analysis of Protein profile revealed the similarity between the patterns of control treatment (juvenile leaf of Hillawii cv.) and 2, 4 - D at low concentration, as well as, Dicamba. Similarity indices results for protein profile of date palm primary callus proved the genetic similarity of 100% between control treatment and both 2, 4 - D (50 mg/L) and Dicamba ones, while, the lowest similarity percentage was observed with high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L).7. The results of RAPD marker analysis of the extracted genomic DNA form date palm primary callus using four deca oligonucleotide primers showed the efficiency of three primers (OPAR3; OPAR8 and P.650) in their amplification of examined DNA,. RAPD profile revealed an identical matching between control treatment and 2, 4 - D at low concentration, followed by Dicamba and NAA auxins, while, the increasing in 2, 4 - D concentration up to 100 mg/L led to disappearance and the appearance of new DNA bands compared to control treatment, with a highest genetic distance among other treatments.Similarity coefficient analysis showed that the highest genetic similarities were found between control treatment and 2, 4 - D (50 mg/L) with similarity index of 96% , followed by Dicamba and NAA treatments with indices of 74 and 66%, respectively, the lowest similarity index was obtained between control and 2, 4 - D at high concentration which was 27%.8. The screening results of antimicrobial agents showed that the treatment with Switch fungicide (1 g/L) and Gentamycin antibiotic ( 50 mg/L) did not stimulate any callus growth over the time of incubation on MS medium supplemented with either 2, 4 - D or Dicamba.9. Beltanol fungicides (1 ml/L) treatment had a negative effect on the initiated primary callus either by 2, 4 - D or Dicamba, its treatment led to a high significant reduction in total solubleprotein and free amino acid content compared to control results, while an increase of total carbohydrates, Phenolic compounds, Proline and Peroxidase activity was detected with Beltanol fungicide.10. The Chloramphenicol treatment at low concentration (50 mg/L) showed positive results on the growth of primary callus at 2, 4 - D or Dicamba auxins according to morphological and biochemical analysis.

انتاج وتوصيف لنقي المنتجات الايضية لعزلة Streptomyces ودراسة تاثيراتها المضاد حيوية والسرطانية == Production and Characterization of Purified Metabolites from Streptomyces Isolate and Study

اسم المؤلف: ليندا حميد تركي عطية الغزالي
اسم المشرف: رباب عمران راضي الجيلاوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: شملت الدراسة الحالية جمع 100 عينة من الترب بواقع 50 عينة من ترب صحراوية جمعت من المناطق التي تبعد مسافة 3 كيلومترات من بحيرة الرزازة و50 عينة من ترب زراعية جمعت من مناطق مختلفة من محافظه كربلاء المقدسة. حيث عزلت 26 عزلة من البكتريا الخيطية من الترب الصحراوية و36 عزلة من البكتريا الخيطية من الترب الزراعية ودرست الفعالية التضادية لهذه العزلات ضد اربعة انواع من البكتريا المرضية ( بكتريا الموجبة لصبغة كرام Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae وبكتريا السالبة لصبغة كرام (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeru¬ginosa وبطريقة التخطيط العمودي, واظهرت النتائج ان جميع actinomycetes المعزولة من الترب الزراعية ليست لها اي فعالية مضادة للبكتريا المرضية بينما كانت لبكتريا actinomycetes المعزولة من الترب الصحراوية فعالية مضادة للبكترياالمرضية وبمديات مختلفة تبعا لنوع البكتريا المرضية المدروسة, وقد وجد ان لثمانية من عزلات actinomycetes الصحراوية فعالية مضادة للبكتريا المرضية السالبة والموجبة لصبغة كرام وتبعا لذلك المدى الواسع في التثبيط اختبرت فعاليتها المضادة بطريقة الانتشار بالحفر, واظهرت النتائج ان العزله LHR 9 actinomycetesلها فعالية مضادة للبكتريا المرضية اعلى من العزلات الاخرى المختبرة وباستخدام طريقة الانتشار بالحفر, لذلك اختيرت لاكمال محاور الدراسة المتقدمة. درست الصفات المظهرية والبايوكيمياوية والزرعية للبكتريا actinomycetes LHR 9 بعد زرعها على اوساط زرعية مختلفة من وسط استخلاص Streptomyces الدولي واعتمادا على الفحص المجهري باستخدام المجهر الضوئي المركب وتحت قوى تكبير 1000و400مره لدراسة شكل المايسليوم الهوائي والارضي, وقد تبين ان للعزلة مايسليوم هوائي متفرع له مظهر مفصص وغير مجزا وباستخدام المجهر الاليكتروني الماسح تبين ان المايسليوم يحمل ابواغا ملساء وغير متحركة, وبالاعتماد على مجمل الصفات الزرعية والفسيولوجية المدروسة تبين ان البكترياLHR 9 actinomycetes المعزولة تعود لجنس Streptomyces. درست عدد من الظروف الزرعية والغذائية المثلى لتحسين انتاج مواد الايض الثانوي من البكتريا في وسط التخمر وقد كان وسط فول الصويا الحاوي على الدكستروز كمصدر كاربوني والبيبتون كمصدر نتروجيني وK2HPO4 كمصدر فوسفاتي وبظروف تخمر : بدرجه حراره 35م0 , وحموضه 7 , وقوه اهتزاز 200دوره \ دقيقه ولمده 7 ايام كفتره حضن هو وسط الانتاج الامثل . استخدمت مذيبات عضوية مختلفة القطبيةn) - بروبانول وكلوروفورم وخلات الاثيل ووالاسيتون والميثانول والايثانول (في استخلاص مواد الايض الثانوي المنتجة من بكتريا Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 المضادة للبكترياالمرضية وقد كان المذيب العضوي خلات الاثيل افضل المذيبات العضوية في الاستخلاص اذ اعطى مستخلصه البكتيري اعلى قيم في التثبيط البكتيري . نقيت مواد الايض الثانوي بعد استخلاصها بخلات الاثيل بعمود الفصل : جيل السيليكا ذو الابعاد (1.6× 14) سم وباستخدام الميثانول والكلوروفورم بنسبه 8 : 2 حجم\حجم كمحلول الغسل لسم3 واحد من المستخلص البكتيري , وقد جمع 50 جزء من المحلول الناتج بعد الغسل واختبرت فعاليتهاالتثبيطية لنمو البكتريا المرضية , وقد اعتمدت الاجزاء الفعالة لقياس التركيز المثبط الادنى باستخدام طريقة الانتشار من القرص, وقد كانت التراكيز (4.5 , 5 , 2.5 ,3)مايكروغرام/مل هي التراكيز المثبطه الدنيا لبكتريا Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aurues , Streptococcus agalactiae على التوالي. قيمت السمية الخلوية لمواد الايض الثانوي والمنقاة جزئيا لتحديد مدى فعاليتها المضاده للسرطان وبالاعتماد على فحص MTT (3 - (4, 5 - dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl) - 2 - 5 - diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) وباستخدام خطوط خلايا الثدي السرطانية وخطوط خلايا سليمة, وقد اظهرت النتائج بان التركيز 400مايكوغرام\ مل هو التركيز الامثل لتثبيط نمو الخلايا السرطانية بنسبه 60% مع المحافظة على 80% من الخلايا السليمة. اعتمدت الكروماتوغرافيا السائلة Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (LC - MS) في تنقية المركب الفعال وتوصيفة اذ اظهرت نتائج المخطط اللوني ان هنالك خمسة قمم وبالمقارنة مع الاطياف الكتلية للمركبات حسب المعهد الامريكي للمعايير والتقنية National Institute of Standards and Technology ان للمركب صيغة كيمياوية C18H32O2 ووزن جزيئي 282دلتن . درست الفعالية المضادة للاكسدة والمضادة للاورام لمستخلص Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 (المنقى جزئيا) في اناث الجرذان المختبرية المحفزة للاصابة بسرطان الثدي كيمياويا باستخدام مادة 7,12 dimethyl Benz (A) anthracene (DMBA) واظهرت النتائج ان لمستخلص LHR 9 Streptomyces sp. (المنقى جزئيا) القدره على المحافظة على تركيز الانزيمات المضادة للاكسدة في مصل الحيوانات المعاملة بمادة DMBA وبقيم مقاربة لما هي موجودة في مصل الحيوانات السليمة وقد تمثلت اثار ذلك بصغر وزن وحجم الورم فيى منطقة الثدي والتغيرات النسيجية الملحوظة, وعلى مستوى جزيئ ايضا اذ لوحظ وباستخدام تقنية Polymerase Chain Reaction - Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism(PCR - SSCP) التغيرات الوراثية الحاصلة للجينين ( Bcl - 2 وCaspase - 3) بفعل مادة DMBA ودور مستخلص Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 (المنقى جزئيا) في الحفاظ على الشكل الطبيعي للجينين اذ تبين ان هناك83.66% من الحيوانات السليمة و50% من الحيوانات المعاملة بالمستخلص البكتيري تمتلك جين Caspase - 3 بشكله الطبيعي بينما 66.66% من الحيوانات التي عوملت بماده DMBA فقط تمتلك جين Caspase - 3 من النوع الطافر وكذلك بالنسبة للجين Bcl - 2 اذ تبين ان هناك 78.66% من الحيوانات السليمة و60% من الحيوانات المعالجة بالمستخلص البكتيري تمتلك جين Bcl - 2من النوع الطبيعي بينما لوحظ وجود نفس الجين ولكن من النوع الطافر بنسبة 66.67% في الحيوانات المصابة بسرطان الثدي بتاثير مادة DMBA. | The present study included the collection of 100 soil samples from desert regions away from about 3 km from Al - Razzaza lake and agricultural regions at Karbala Province, Iraq. From these samples 26 and 36 actinomycetes isolates were obtained from desert and agricultural regions respectively . All actinomycetes isolates were tested for their antibacterial activity using primary screening against pathogenic bacteria by perpendicular streaking method .The results were showed that all the actinomycetes isolates were isolated from agricultural regions hadn't any antibacterial activity while the 26 isolates isolated from desert regions were had antibacterial activity in different spectra . Eight actinomycetes isolates from all the 26 desert regions isolates were selected for secondary screening due to their antibacterial activities with wide spectrum against pathogenic bacteria namely Gram positive (Staphylococ¬cus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeru¬ginosa) by the agar diffusion methods and the results revealed the selection of actinomycetes LHR 9 isolate for farther studies because it gave us the highest inhibition against the tested pathogenic bacteria growth. The active actinomycetes LHR 9 isolate was identified using several morphological and biochemical methods. The morphological characterization was involved the study of aerial and substrate mycelium on many International Streptomyces Project agar medium and using light microscopy at 1000X and 400X to study the mycelium morphology, as well as using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to examine the spore surface. The results exhibited that the isolate had the aerial mycelium which formed unfragmented, branched, looped and rectus - flexibilis hyphae type bearing non - motile spores with smooth surface. In addition to results of biochemical tests we could revealed that the isolate was belong to Streptomyces genus . The active isolate Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 was selected for optimization critical cultural and nutritional parameters for increasing the antibiotic production titer in fermentation medium (Soybean broth medium), the results showed the dextrose as carbon source , peptone as nitrogenous source and K2HPO4 as a phosphate source with fermentation cultural condition included ; temperature of 35 °C, pH 7 with agitation rate 200 rpm for 7 days as incubation period gave high values in active secondary metabolites production. The antibacterial compound from fermentation medium was extracted using liquid - liquid extraction method with various organic solvents n - propanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and ethanol) 1 : 1 (v/v) . the results was revealed the ethyl acetate the most efficient in extraction . The Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 crude extract was purified by using silica gel column (1.6 X 14) chromatography. Chloroform and methanol (4 : 1) (v/v), was used as an eluting solvent. The active fractions ( had the antibacterial activity ) were selected for determination the minimum inhibitory concentration and evaluation the cytotoxic activity using MTT (3 - (4, 5 - dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl) - 2 - 5 - diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The results of the MIC of partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract were 4.5 µg/ml for Escherichia coli, 5 µg/ml for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2.5µg/ml for Staphylococcus aurues and 3µg/ml for Streptococcus agalactiae . In vitro screening for cytotoxic activity was done by MTT assay for evaluation the anticancer activity of the partially purified antibacterial compounds produced by Streptomyces sp. LHR 9. The cytotoxic activity of the partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract was determined against established MCF - 7 cell line ( breast cancer cell lines ) and WRL cell as a representative of normal breast cell line, depending on their viability ratio. The viability of MCF - 7 cell line was decreased dramatically with the increasing in extract concentration in the same time the viability of WRL cell was decreased in slowly manner. The using of multiple purification methods Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (LC - MS) along with a sensitive measuring method and possibly isolation of these compounds should allow us to evaluate the entire potential of secondary metabolites production, the results from LC - MS chromatogram of the partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract showed five peaks, on comparison of the mass spectra of the constituents with the National Institute of Standards and Technology( NIST) library the compound was had the Formula : C18H34O2 and molecular weight : 282 D. The partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract was evaluated for its in vivo antioxidant and antitumor activity depending on the ability of 7,12 dimethyl Benz (A)anthracene (DMBA) to inducing breast tumor in female rat model, the results revealed the partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract had the ability to keeping the enzymatic antioxidant in approximately its natural concentrations (as the same concentrations in serum of negative group) in serum of tested rats which were induced breast cancer by DMBA and treated with partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract, so these results were more studied on histological plane and the results of that were achieved by decreasing in weight and size of the breast tumor of tested rats and other histological change in breast tissue. In addition to that partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract effect was more studied on molecular plane depending on the Bcl - 2 and Caspase - 3 genes mutation using Polymerase Chain Reaction - Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ( PCR - SSCP) analysis. The results were two conformations polymorphism in both Caspase - 3 gene ( about 83.66 % of negative group and 50% of treated group had three bands (wild type) where's positive control had 66.66% four bands (mutant type)) and Bcl2 gene (the wild type had one band such as negative group was 78.66% and test group 60%, compared with positive group (60.67%) have two bands(mutant type)). so these results suggest the active apoptotic property of Caspase - 3 and Bcl - 2 and the role of partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract effect in keeping them in their wild type.

دراسة مناعية ووراثية للمرضى المصابين بالتهاب المرارة في مدينة الحلة == Immunogenetic Study on Patients with Gallbladder Infection in Hilla city

اسم المؤلف: رواء عداي علي السلطاني
اسم المشرف: عبد النبي جويد عبد المعموري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة جمع ( 100 عينة ) اخذت بشكل اعشواني ( 87 اناث , 13 ذكور ) اجريت لهم عملية استئصال المرارة بمستشفى الحلة التعليمي للفترة من ايلول 2016 الى شهر حزيران 2017. تضمنت العينات (عينات دم وحصى) لتحقق من دور بعض المعايير المناعية والوراثية المتعلقة بمرض التهاب المرارة .بينت نتائج الدراسة الحالية ظهور الاصابة بالتهاب المرارة في كلا الجنسين(الاناث والذكور) وكانت الفئة العمرية ( 31 - 40 ) سنة الفئة الاكثر عرضة للاصابة , لكن نسبة اصابة الاناث في مجتمع الدراسة اعلى من الذكور ( 87% ) بينما الذكور ( 13%) كما ان التهاب المرارة المزمن هو الاكثر شيوعا ,اذ شكل نسبة ( 84% ) ثم التهاب المرارة الحاد اذ شكل نسبة 60%)).كما كشفت الدراسة قلة تكوين الحصى المرارية عند الاطفال بعمر اقل من عشر سنوات ويزداد تكوين الحصى مع تقدم العمر وينخفض تدريجيا بعد عمر 60 سنة . اكثر انواع الحصى المرارية الشائعة والتي عزلت الحصى الكوليسترولية تليها الحصى الصبغية ثم الحصى المختلطة.اما الدراسة المناعية فتضمنت تقدير مستويات T6F - β1 , IL - 8 في مصل مرضى التهاب المرارة باستخدام تقنية الاليزا لوحظ زيادة مستوى TBF - β1 في جميع المرضى( التهاب المرارة الحاد والمزمن) على نقيض مجموعة السيطرة مع مستوى احتمالية. P< 0.05 P=0.007 . كما اظهرت النتائج الحالية زيادة بمستوى T6F - β1 في كلا الجنسين) للاناث والذكور) مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة بمستوى احتمالية P=0.002 . P< 0.05 للاناث وP=0.003 . P< 0.05 للذكور. اما بالنسبة للحصى المرارية فقد لوحظ زيادة في مستوى T6F - β1 في مصل المرضى المصابين بالحصى الكوليسترولية تليها الحصى الصبغية ثم الحصى المختلطة .اظهرت النتائج الخاصة بتقدير مستوى انترلوكين 8 ,زيادة في مستوى IL - 8 في جميع المرضى( التهاب المرارة الحاد والمزمن )على نقيض مع مجموعة السيطرة مع مستوى احتمالية عالي ( P=0.005 . P<0.05 ) .كما ظهرت النتائج الحالية زيادة في مستوى انترلوكين 8 في كلا الجنسين(الاناث والذكور) مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة مع مستوى احتمالية ( P=0.01 . P< 0.05 ) للاناث و<0.05) ( P=0.2 . P للذكور. اما بالنسبة للحصى المرارية فقط لوحظ زيادة في مستوى IL - 8في جميع المرضى المصابين بالحصى المختلطة تليها الحصى الكوليسترولية ثم الحصى الصبغية .تضمنت الدراسة الوراثية ( - 869 T C ) T6F - β1 و( - 251 T A ) L - 8 ذات الصلة مع مرضى التهاب المرارة لل85 عينة متضمنة عينات للمرضى وعينات لمجموعة السيطرة باستخدام تقنية (PCR - ARM ) .اظهرت نتائج التنوع النيوكليوتيري المفرد 76.6%) 46 : T6F - β1 ( - 869)T⁄C ) من متباينة الاشكال (T∕C) و9 (15%) متماثلة الاشكال (TT) و(8%) 5 متماثلة الاشكال (CC) ,واظهرت النتائج ان(Tallele) الاكثرعددا ونسبة مقارنة مع( C allele) . كما اظهرت الاليلات والمورثات عدم وجود فروق معنوية ذات دلائل احصائية بين المرضى ومجموعة السيطرة بين نوعي المرضى ( المزمن والحاد ) كما لوحظ ان المرضى المصابين بالحصى المرارية الاكثر صلة بالموروثات متباينة الاشكال (T⁄C) للحصى الكوليسترولية تليها المختلطة ثم الصبغية . واظهرت نتائج التنوع النيوكليوتيدي المفرد (41.6%)25 : IL - 8( - 251) T/A من متماثلة الاشكال متباينة الاشكال من متماثلة الاشكال (TT) واظهرت النتائج ان هو الاكثرعددا ونسبة مقارنة مع لمرضى التهاب الحرارة كما اظهرت الاليات والموروثات عدم وجود فروق معنوية ذات دلائل احصائية بين المرضى ومجموعة السيطرة بين نوعي المرضى )المزمن والحاد ( كما لوحظ ان المرضى المصابين بالحصى الاكثر صلة مع الموروثات متماثلة الاشكال((AA للحصى الكوليسترولية تليها الصبغية ثم المختلطة . | The study included 100 patients taken randomly (87 females and 13 males) undergoing cholecystectomy at the general teaching Hilla Hospital from September 2016 to June 2017. For each patient, two samples were taken which included the blood samples and gallstone for immunogenetic tests. The infection appears in both sexes with age group (31 - 40) years 30% but the rate of infection in female was higher than males 87%, 13% respectively.Clinically, chronic cholecystitis was the most common (84 %) and acute cholecystitis (16 %). The study displayed that the formation of gallstones is less than 10 years old. The gallstones are formed by age and gradually decrease after age 60. The most common types of gallstones were cholesterol stones and pigment stone followed by mixed stone The immunological study included estimatation the level of IL - 8, TGF - β1 in patients serum by using ELISA technique. The estimation of TGF - β1level explained a significantly increased in all patients (chronic and acute inflammation) compared with the control group with a significant difference . P=0.007, p<0.05. Estimation of TGF - β1 level showed increases in both the sexes (females and males) compared with the control group with a significant difference . (p=0.002. P< 0.05) for females, (p=0.003. P< 0.05 for males). As for the stone, the results of the present study revealed increased levels of TGF - β1 in serum patients had cholesterol stone with value followed the pigment stone and mixed stone. The estimation of IL - 8 level explained a significantly increased in all patients(chronic and acute inflammation) compared with the control group with a significant difference. P=0.005 , p<0.05. Estimation of IL - 8 showed increases in both sexes (females and males) compared with the control group with a significant difference (p=0.01. P< 0.05) for females, (p=0.02. P< 0.05 for males). As for the stone, the results showed that IL - 8 concentration was increased in patients serum had mixed stone followed cholesterol stone and pigment stone. The genetic study involved screening of TGF - B1 ( - 869 T/C) and IL8 - ( - 251 T/A) related to gallbladder infection patients for 85 samples, including patients and the control group by using (ARM - PCR) technique. The single nucleotide polymorphism of TGF - β1 ( - 869 T/C) showed : TC heterozygous was a higher rate with 46 (76.6%), TT homozygous with 9 (15%) and CC homozygous with 5 (8%) and the result revealed that the T allele more predominant than the C allele. The genotype and allelic association of TGF - β1 appeared no significant differences between the patients and the control group. The gallstone types association with genotype of TGF - β1 for patients appeared the genotype of T/C higher percentage in patients with who had cholesterol stone followed by mixed stone and pigment stone. An another single nucleotide polymorphismof of IL8 - (251T/A) showed : AA homozygous was a higher rate with 25 (41.6%), TA heterozygous with 23 (38%) followed by the TT homozygous just 12 (20%) and the result revealed that the A allele more predominant than the T allele. The genotype and allelic association of IL - 8 appeared no significant differences between the patients and the control group. The gallstone types association with genotype of IL - 8 for patients showed : The genotype of AA appeared higher percentage with patients who had cholesterol stone followed by pigment stone and mixed stone

دراسة فعالية انزيمات الفوسفاتيز القاعدي, الاسبارتيت ناقل مجموعة الامين واللاكتيت منزوع الهيدروجين في البلازما المنوية للمرضى العقيمين == Study the activity of Alkaline Phosphatase, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Aspartate Aminotransferase in the Seminal Plasma of Infertile Men

اسم المؤلف: كرار صالح مهدي جاسم الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: فارس ناجي عبود الهادي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعتبر بلازما السائل المنوي مهمة في العمليات الحيوية للنطف لابقائها حية وانتقالها خلال القناة التناسلية الانثوية, كما وتحتوي على العديد من المكونات المختلفة ومنها الانزيمات مثل انزيم الفوسفاتيز القاعدي (ALP) واسبارتيت ناقل مجموعة امين (AST) واللاكتيت منزوع الهيدروجين (LDH) التي تدخل في العمليات الايضية المختلفة لتجهيز الطاقة اللازمة لحركة النطف. اجريت الدراسة على مرضى عدم الخصوبة الذين راجعوا مختبر مستشفى بابل للنسائية والتوليد والمختبرات الاهلية في محافظة بابل, شملت الدراسة 122 عينة من السائل المنوي لمرضى عدم الخصوبة و10 عينات للرجال الخصبين, خلال المدة من تشرين الاول 2016 الى اذار 2017. هدفت الدراسة الى مقارنة مستويات فعالية الانزيمات المذكورة في البلازما المنوية لحالات عدم الخصوبة المشمولة بالدراسة وهي مجاميع سويي النطف ووهن النطف ووهن وتشوه النطف وقلة النطف وقلة ووهن النطف وانعدام النطف مع مجموعة الخصوبة, بالاضافة الى دراسة العلاقات بين الانزيمات مع معالم النطف وتشمل حركة النطف عند مستوى( ا+ب) وتركيز النطف والنسبة المؤية للنطف غير السوية . اظهرت النتائج فروق معنوية (P˂0.05) في مستوى فعالية انزيم الفوسفاتيز القاعدي في المجاميع المختلفة حيث لوحظ اعلى مستوى في مجموعة الخصوبة تتبعها مجموعة سويي النطف ,بينما لم يلاحظ فروق معنوية (P˃0.05) بين مجموعتي وهن النطف ووهن وتشوه النطف, كما لم تظهر النتائج فروق معنوية بين مجاميع قلة النطف وقلة ووهن النطف وانعدام النطف التي اظهرت اقل مستوى للفعالية. بينت النتائج فروق معنوية (P˂0.05) في معدل فعالية انزيم اسبارتيت ناقل مجموعة امين في مجاميع عدم الخصوبة المختلفة, حيث كان اعلى معدل للفعالية في مجموعة الخصوبة ومجموعة سويي النطف ولم يلاحظ فروق معنوية (P˃0.05)بين مجموعتي انعدام النطف ووهن وتشوه النطف, كما لم يلاحظ فروق معنوية (P˃0.05) بين مجاميع وهن النطف وقلة النطف وقلة ووهن النطف التي اظهرت اقل مستوى للفعالية. كما واظهرت النتائج فروق معنوية (P˂0.05) في معدل فعالية انزيم لاكتيت منزوع الهيدروجين بين مجاميع عدم الخصوبة مقارنة مع مجموعة الخصوبة وسويي النطف التي اظهرت اعلى مستوى للفعالية , في حين كان اقل مستوى للفعالية في مجاميع قلة النطف وقلة ووهن النطف وانعدام النطف بينما لم يظهر فرق بين مجموعتي وهن وتشوه النطف ووهن النطف. كذلك بينت النتائج العلاقات بين مستوى فعالية الانزيمات ومعالم النطف حيث لوحظت علاقة سلبية بين فعالية انزيم الفوسفاتيز القاعدي وحركة النطف مستوى ا+ب في مجاميع سويي النطف وقلة ووهن النطف مقارنة بالعلاقات الايجابية في مجاميع وهن النطف ووهن وتشوه النطف اضافة الى مجموعة الخصوبة, كما ان لذات الانزيم علاقة سلبية مع تركيز النطف في مجموعتي سويي النطف وقلة النطف بينما ظهرت العلاقات الايجابية في مجموعة الخصوبة وقلة ووهن النطف, كما تم ملاحظة العلاقات السلبية لفعالية الانزيم مع النسبة المؤوية لتشوه النطف في كل من مجموعة الخصوبة وسويي النطف اضافة الى مجموعة وهن وتشوه النطف. نلاحظ ايضا من خلال النتائج وجود علاقة سلبية معنوية (P˂0.01) في مجموعة سويي النطف وعلاقة ايجابية معنوية ((P˂0.01 في مجموعة وهن النطف بين مستوى فعالية انزيم اسبارتيت ناقل مجموعة امين وحركة النطف مستوى (ا+ب), كذلك نلاحظ وجود علاقة سلبية في مجموعة وهن وتشوه النطف بينما اظهرت مجموعة الخصوبة وقلة ووهن النطف علاقة ايجابية, كذلك بينت النتائج وجود علاقة ايجابية معنوية (P˂0.05) في مجموعة سويي النطف بين فعالية الانزيم المذكور وتركيز النطف, اما مجموعتي قلة النطف وقلة ووهن النطف اظهرت علاقة سلبية بينما كانت العلاقة الايجابية في مجموعة الخصوبة, بينت النتائج ايضا وجود علاقة سلبية معنوية (P˂0.05) في مجموعة سويي بين فعالية انزيم اسبارتيت ناقل مجموعة امين والنسبة المؤوية للنطف المشوهة, اما العلاقة الايجابية فظهرت في مجموعة وهن وتشوه النطف والعلاقة السلبية في مجموعة الخصوبة. اظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة سلبية بين فعالية انزيم لاكتيت منزوع الهيدروجين مع حركة النطف مستوى (ا+ب) في مجموعتي سويي النطف وقلة ووهن النطف بينما لوحظت العلاقات الايجابية في مجاميع الخصوبة ووهن النطف ووهن وتشوه النطف, بينت النتائج ايضا وجود علاقة سلبية معنوية (P˂0.05) بين فعالية الانزيم وتركيز النطف في البلازما المنوية لمجموعة قلة ووهن النطف بينما العلاقات السلبية كانت في مجاميع سويي النطف وقلة النطف بالمقارنة مع العلاقة الايجابية في مجموعة الخصوبة , كذلك بينت النتائج وجود علاقة سلبية بين فعالية الانزيم والنسبة المؤوية للنطف المشوهة في مجاميع وهن وتشوه النطف وسويي النطف ومجموعة الخصوبة. كذلك اظهرت النتائج العلاقات بين الانزيمات في المجاميع المختلفة فكان لفعالية انزيم الفوسفاتيز القاعدي علاقة ايجابية مع مستوى فعالية انزيم اسبارتيت ناقل مجموعة امين في البلازما المنوية لمجاميع وهن النطف ووهن وتشوه النطف وقلة النطف , كذلك العلاقة السلبية لوحظت في مجاميع سويي النطف وقلة ووهن النطف ومجموعة الخصوبة , بينما اظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة سلبية معنوية (P˂0.05) في مجموعة انعدام النطف. نلاحظ ايضا وجود علاقة ايجابية بين مستوى فعالية انزيم الفوسفاتيز القاعدي وانزيم لاكتيت منزوع الهيدروجين في مجموعة سويي النطف بالمقارنة مع مجموعة الخصوبة وباقي مجاميع قلة الخصوبة التي اظهرت علاقات سلبية بين فعالية الانزيمين. بينت النتائج ايضا وجود علاقة سلبية بين مستوى فعالية انزيم اسبارتيت ناقل مجموعة امين ولاكتيت منزوع الهيدروجين في البلازما المنوية لكل من وهن وتشوه النطف وقلة ووهن النطف عندما تقارن بالعلاقة الايجابية في مجاميع الخصوبة وسويي النطف وقلة النطف وانعدام النطف, كذلك بينت النتائج وجود علاقة ايجابية معنوية (P˂0.05) بين مستوى فعالية الانزيمين في مجموعة وهن النطف. | A wide variety of biochemical components and enzymes are presented in the seminal plasma, the enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate amino - transaminase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are proved to be important for various metabolic processes which provide energy for livability, motility, and fertility of spermatozoa. This study aimed to compare the activity levels of Alkaline phosphates, Aspartate - aminotranferase and Lactate dehydrogenase enzyme in the seminal plasma of infertility patients include : normozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, terato - asthenozoospermia, oligozoospermia, oligo - asthenozoospermia, azoospermia and fertile men, in addition to study of inter relationships between these enzymes and with sperm parameters include : sperm concentration, motility )grade A+B(, and morphologically abnormal sperm. This study was conducted in the laboratory of Babylon Maternity and children teaching hospital and private laboratories during the period from October 2016 to March 2017. The study included 122 samples from different types of infertility and 10 samples from fertile men The results showed that there was a significant difference (p˂0.05) between the different groups of alkaline phosphatase enzyme. The fertile men have the highest level, followed by normozoospermia. No significant differences were observed between the oligozoospermia, oligo - asthenozoospermia and azoospermia which have the lowest level of activity and no highly significant differences between asthenozoospermia and terato - asthenozoospermia. A significant increase (P˂0.05) in the level of aspartate - aminotransferase enzyme between the different groups, the highest level of activity was observed in the group of fertile and normozoospermia. While no significant differences (P˃0.05) between the groups of azoospermia and terato - asthenozoospermia, the results also showed no significant differences (P˃0.05) between the groups of asthenozoospermia, oligozoospermia and oligo - asthenozoospermia which owns the lowest level of activity. The results revealed significant increase (P˂0.05) in an average of the activity level of Lactate dehydrogenase enzyme between the different groups, the highest level was shown in the groups of fertile and normozoospermia and the lowest level in the azoospermia, oligozoospermia and oligo - asthenozoospermia but asthenozoospermia and terato - asthenozoospermia have the same level of activity. The results showed a significant negative correlation (P˂0.01) between AST activity and sperm motility (grade A+B) in the normozoospermic patients, and significant positive correlation (P˂0.01) in the group of asthenozoospermia, also the results revealed significant positive correlation (P˂0.05) in the normozoospermic men between AST activity and sperm concentration. The morphological abnormal sperm has significant negative correlation (P˂0.05) with AST activity in the group of normozoospermia, and it was revealed a significant negative correlation (P˂0. 05) between LDH activity and sperm concentration in the seminal plasma of oligo - asthenozoospermia. Also the results showed a significant negative correlation (P˂0.05) between the activities of ALP and AST in the azoospermia, and significant positive correlation (P˂0.05) in the seminal plasma of asthenozoospermia between AST and LDH activity. It was concluded the importance of ALP, AST and LDH levels in detecting the ability of gland secretion and normal semen components

دراسة فسلجية وجزيئية للتغاير الجيني لمستقبلات فيتامين د في النساء المصابات بمرض السكري من النوع الثاني == Physiological and Molecular Study of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Type II Diabetic Women

اسم المؤلف: نورا ماجد حميد ابو خمرة
اسم المشرف: حيدر كامل زيدان السعدي | محمد عبد الله جبر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تقييم دور تعدد اشكال مستقبلات فيتامين (د) وارتباطها بتطور مرض السكري وتاثيرها في الاناث قبل وبعد سن الياس. جينات مستقبلات فيتامين (د)، تتضمن (Apa - I, Taq - I, Fok - I وCdx2) و(جين الفاEstrogen receptor - ) التي حددت بواسطة تفاعل سلسلة البوليميريز - تباين اطوال قطع التقييد وتقنية تفاعل سلسلة البوليميريز المتعدد المتخصص في الاليل, في حين ان الهرمونات والتي تتضمن (الاستراديول والانسولين) والمؤشرات الفسيولوجية (فيتامين د، الكولسترول، البروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة، الدهون الثلاثية، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا، الهيموجلوبين A1C، الجلوكوز الصيامي في الدم، مقاومة الانسولين، الحساسية للانسولين ، ضغط الدم الانقباضي وضغط الدم الانبساطي). اجريت هذه الدراسة في الفترة من اذار 2016 الى تشرين الاول 2016، حيث تم جمع العينات من مستشفى الصدر التعليمي في محافظة النجف. وقد بلغ عدد العينات (80) مريضا مصابين بداء السكري من النوع الثاني بمتوسط عمر (36 - 65 سنة ، وقسمت العينات الى مرحلة ما قبل انقطاع الطمث وبعد انقطاع الطمث, كذلك قسمت حسب مدة المرض وحسب التاريخ العائلي، ومؤشر كتلة الجسم، ومضاعفات المرض (ضغط الدم المرتفع). كما تضمنت الدراسة 40 شخصا اصحاء على ما يبدو بمتوسط عمر (36 - 65 سنة)، حيث ان مجموعة السيطرة تقارن مع مجموعة المرضى. قسمت الدراسة الحالية الى جزئين رئيسيين : الاجزاء الفسيولوجية والجزيئية. واظهرت النتائج ان المرضى الذين يعانون من مرض السكري من النوع الثاني، كان لديهم معنويا (p ≤ 0.05) مستوى اعلى من الكوليسترول ، الدهون الثلاثية، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا، الهيموغلوبين A1C، الانسولين، مقاومة الانسولين ونسبة السكر الصيامي في الدم مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة، في حين ان معدلات الحساسية للانسولين تنخفض معنويا (P≥0.05) في مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني عند مقارنتهم بمجموعة السيطرة. كان معدل الاستراديول معنويا ( ≤ 0.05) اعلى في الاناث قبل انقطاع الطمث في حين انخفض في الاناث بعد سن الياس لكل من مجموعة السيطرة ومرضى السكري من النوع الثاني. واظهر الضغط الانقباضي والانبساطي فرقا معنويا بين المرضى الذين يعانون من السكري النوع 2 ومجموعة السيطرة. وفقا للمقارنة بين النساء قبل انقطاع الطمث وبعد سن الياس في كل من مرضى السكري ومجموعة السيطرة، اظهرت النتائج ارتفاع معنوي (p ≤ 0.05) في معدلات مستوى هرمون الاستراديول، ومعدلات مستوى هرمون الانسولين ومقاومة الانسولين في كلتا المجموعتين. من ناحية اخرى، اظهرت المقارنة بين المرضى قبل انقطاع الطمث الذين يعانون من السكري ومرحلة ما قبل انقطاع الطمث ارتفاع معنوي (p ≤ 0.05) في معدل مستويات الكوليسترول، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة، هيموغلوبين A1c معدل مستويات (HBA1c)، الجلوكوز الصيامي في الدم , ومستويات هرمون الاستراديول، ومعدلات مستوى هرمون الانسولين، ومقاومة الانسولين، وحساسية الانسولين وضغط الدم الانبساطي. وفقا لمقارنة مرضى السكري بعد انقطاع الطمث ومجموعة السيطرة بعد سن الياس، كانت هناك اختلافات معنوية (p ≤ 0.05) في معدل مستويات الكوليسترول، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة، معدل هيموغلوبين A1c، الجلوكوز الصيامي في الدم , هرمون الاستراديول ومعدلات مستوى هرمون الانسولين، ومقاومة الانسولين وحساسيةالانسولين. اظهرت نتائج تحليل الارتباط وجود ارتباط معنوي (p ≤ 0.05) بين فيتامين (د) مع الدهون الثلاثية والبروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا في النوع الثاني من مرضى السكري. في مرضى السكري قبل انقطاع الطمث، اظهرت نتائج تحليل الارتباط وجود علاقة عكسية معنويه بين فيتامين (د) مع كل من الدهون الثلاثية والبروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا في حين تم العثور على علاقة ايجابية معنوية بين فيتامين (د) والبروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة في مرحلة ما بعد انقطاع الطمث في مرضى السكري. في مجموعة السيطرة بعد انقطاع الطمث تم العثور على علاقة عكسية معنويه بين فيتامين (د) ومستوى السكر الصيامي في الدم. اظهر تحليل الارتباط وجود علاقة معنوية عكسية بين معدلات مستوى الكالسيوم وضغط الدم الانقباضي في مجموعة السيطرة، وبينما في مرضى السكري قبل انقطاع الطمث، اظهرت نتائج تحليل الارتباط وجود علاقة ارتباط معنوية بين الكالسيوم ومؤشر كتلة الجسم، بينما وجدت علاقة معنوية عكسية بين الكالسيوم وكلا من البروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة والعمر بالاضافة الى ارتباط ايجابي معنوي مع الاستراديول في المرضى بعد سن الياس. من ناحية اخرى، في مجموعة السيطرة قبل انقطاع الطمث، تم العثور على ارتباط عكسي معنوي بين الكالسيوم وضغط الدم الانقباضي، في حين وجود علاقة طردية معنوية مع هرمون الانسولين ومقاومة الانسولين. في حين لوحظ وجود علاقة عكسية معنوية في مجموعة السيطرة بعد سن الياس بين الكالسيوم ومستوى السكر الصيامي في الدم ومؤشر كتلة الجسم. هنالك ارتباط معنوي كبير بين هرمون الانسولين مع البروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة والعمر وحساسية الانسولين، في حين كان هناك علاقة طردية معنوية بين الانسولين مع مؤشر كتلة الجسم ومقاومة الانسولين في النوع الثاني من مرضى السكري. في مجموعة السيطرة كانت هناك علاقة ارتباط معنوية طردية بين الانسولين ومقاومة الانسولين، ارتباط معنوي عكسية مع حساسية الانسولين. في كل من مرضى السكري قبل انقطاع الطمث وبعد انقطاع الطمث ومجموعة السيطرة كانت هناك علاقة سلبية كبيرة جدا بين الانسولين وحساسية الانسولين، في حين وجود علاقة طردية معنوية مع مقاومة الانسولين. في مرضى السكري قبل انقطاع الطمث، كانت هناك علاقة ايجابية كبيرة بين الانسولين والدهون الثلاثية , البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا ومؤشر كتلة الجسم. في مرحلة ما بعد انقطاع الطمث مرضى السكري، كانت هناك علاقة سلبية كبيرة بين الانسولين والهيموغلوبين .A1c ايضا هنالك علاقة طردية معنوية كبيرة بين الهيموغلوبين A1c والسكر الصيامي في الدم في مجموعة السكري. في مجموعة السيطرة كان هناك ارتباط طردي كبير بين الهيموغلوبين A1c والسكر الصيامي في الدم ,وعلاقة عكسية معنوية مع الكولسترول وحساسية الانسولين. وفقا لمجموعة السيطرة قبل انقطاع الطمث، كان هناك ارتباط ايجابي كبير بين الهيموغلوبين A1c والجلوكوز الصيامي في الدم، في حين وجود علاقة عكسية كبيرة مع الكولسترول، الدهون الثلاثية، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا وحساسية الانسولين. من ناحية اخرى، في مجموعات مرضى السكري قبل انقطاع الطمث وبعد انقطاع الطمث وجدت علاقة طردية معنوية بين الهيموغلوبين A1c والسكر الصيامي في الدم , وارتباط ايجابي كبير مع الدهون الثلاثية والبروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا في مجموعة ما قبل انقطاع الطمث فقط. اظهرت نتائج التحليل الوراثي لتباين النوكليوتيدات المفردة، للجينات المستقبلة لفيتامين د باستخدام تقنية تفاعل سلسلة البوليميريز - تباين اطوال قطع التقييد ان هناك فرقا غير معنوي في الاشكال الجينية (Apa - I, Fok - I, Taq I - ) و(Estrogen receptor - alpha ) بين المرضى ومجموعة السيطرة باستخدام نفس التقنية اعلاه. بينما وجد فرق معنوي بين المرضى ومجموعة السيطرة وفقا للتغاير الجيني في الجين (CdxII)وفقا الى الجين (Apa - I)، كان النمط الوراثي المتماثل (AA) اكثر تواترا في المرضى الذين يعانون من داء السكري من النوع 2 (41٪) من مجموعة السيطرة ، في حين ان النمط الوراثي المتغاير (CA) اكثر تكرارا في مجموعة السيطرة من المرضى. نتائج الجين (Taq - I)، كان النمط الوراثي المتماثل (TT) اكثر تواترا في مجموعة السيطرة من المرضى الذين يعانون من السكري من النوع 2 ، في حين ان النمط الوراثي المتغاير (TC) كان اكثر تكرارا في المرضى من مجموعة السيطرة. وفقا الى الجين (Fok - I)، كان النمط المتماثل (CC) اكثر تواترا في مجموعة السيطرة من المرضى الذين يعانون من داء السكري من النوع 2 ، في حين ان النمط المتغاير (CT) اكثر تكرارا في السيطرة من المرضى ، والنمط المتماثل (TT) كان اكثر تواترا في المرضى من مجموعة السيطرة بينما الجين (ER_alpha)، كان النمط المتماثل (AA) اكثر تواترا في المرضى الذين يعانون من داء السكري من النوع 2 من مجموعة السيطرة ، في حين ان النمط المتغاير (AG) اكثر تواترا في السيطرة من المرضى ، والنمط المتماثل (GG) كان اكثر تكرارا في المرضى من مجموعة السيطرة | This study aimed to evaluate vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism role and its correlation with the development of diabetes disease and its effect in pre and post menopausal females. Vitamin D receptor gene including ( APA - I, FOk - I, Taq - I and CdxII) and (Estrogen receptor alpha gene) determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) , restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR - RFLP) and Allele specific multiple (ASM - PCR), while the hormones including (Estradiol and Insulin) and the physiological parameters ( Vitamin D, Cholesterol, High density lipoprotein, Triglyceride, Low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, Hemoglobin A1c, Fasting Blood Glucose, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure). This case - control study was done in a period of March 2016 to October 2016 ,where the samples collected from Al - Sadr Teaching Hospital in Najaf Province. The number of samples was (80) females with type 2 diabetes with an average age (36 - 65 year), all of them were with type 2 diabetes are divided to pre menopause and post menopause, also divided according to duration of disease and according to age groups, family history, body mass index and complications with disease (hypertensive blood pressure). Also, the study included 40 apparently healthy people with an average age ( 36 - 65 year) , as control matched with disease group. The present study divided into two main parts : physiological and molecular parts . The results showed that patients with type 2 diabetes , had significantly( p ≤ 0.05 ) higher cholesterol, Triglyceride, Low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, Hemoglobin A1c, insulin, insulin resistance and Fasting blood glucose levels rate than control group, while the levels rate of insulin sensitivity is decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in type 2 diabetic patients when compared with control group . The Estradiol levels rate was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in premenopausal females while it decreased in postmenopausal females of both control and type 2 diabetic patients. Systolic and diastolic pressure showed significant difference between patients with type 2 diabetic and control. According to the comparison of premenopausal and postmenopausal women in both diabetic patients and in control group, the results showed significant ( p ≤ 0.05) elevation in Estradiol hormone level rates, Insulin hormone level rates and insulin resistance in both groups. On the other , the comparison of premenopausal patients with diabetic and premenopausal control groups the statistical analysis showed significant elevation (p ≤ 0.05) in cholesterol levels rate, Low density lipoprotein (LDL), HemoglobinA1c levels rate (HBA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), Estradiol hormone level rates, Insulin hormone level rates, insulin resistance ,insulin sensitivity and diastolic blood pressure. The results of correlation analysis in pre menopausal diabetic patients showed there are significant negative correlation between vitamin D with both Triglyceride (TGC) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) while significant positive correlation has been found between vitamin D and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in post menopausal diabetic patients. In post menopausal control group a significant negative correlation has been found between vitamin D and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level.In pre menopausal diabetic patients, the results of correlation analysis showed there were significant positive correlation between calcium and BMI, while significant negative correlation has been found between calcium and both high density lipoprotein (HDL) and age in addition to significant positive correlation with Estradiol in post menopausal diabetic patients.On the other hand, In pre menopausal control group, a significant negative correlation has been found between calcium and systolic blood pressure, while a significant positive correlation with insulin hormone and insulin resistance. While, in post menopausal control group a significant negative correlation has been found between calcium and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and body mass index. In both premenopausal and postmenopausal diabetic patients and control group there were highly significant negative correlation between Insulin and insulin sensitivity, while highly significant positive correlation with insulin resistance. In pre menopausal diabetic patients, there were significant positive correlation between insulin and Triglyceride (TGC), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and BMI. In post menopausal diabetic patients, there were significant negative correlation between insulin and HBA1c.On the other hand, in premenopausal and postmenopausal diabetic patients groups there were highly significant positive correlation between hemoglobinA1c (HBA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG), and significant positive correlation with TGC and VLDL in premenopausal group only. The genetic analysis of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms , for vitamin D receptor gene by using RFLP - PCR technique showed that there non - significant difference in the genotype polymorphisms of (APA - I, FOk - I and Taq - I) and (Estrogen receptor - alpha gene) between patients and control by using the same technique above, While there were significant differences according to (Cdx - II gene) by using (ASM - PCR) technique. According to (Apa - I gene), the homozygote pattern (AA) were more frequent in patients with type 2 diabetes than control group, While the heterozygote (CA) pattern more frequent in control than patients.The results of (Taq - I gene), the homozygote pattern (TT) were more frequent in control than patients with type 2 diabetes group, While the heterozygote (TC) pattern more frequent in patients than control. According to (Fok - I gene), the homozygote pattern (CC) were more frequent in control group than patients with type 2 diabetes, While the heterozygote (CT) pattern more frequent in control than patients, and the homozygote (TT) pattern was more frequent in patients than control group.While the (ER_alpha gene), the homozygote pattern (AA) were more frequent in patients with type 2 diabetes than control group, While the heterozygote (AG) pattern more frequent in control than patients, and the homozygote (GG) pattern was more frequent in patients than control group
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