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عزل وتشخيص بعض المركـبات الفعالة من وريقات نخيل البريم ودراسة تاثيرها المضاد لفرط سكر الدم == Isolation and identification of some Active Compounds from Phoenix dactiylifera (Breim) Leaflets and study of their Antihyperglycemic Effect

اسم المؤلف: نهى اياد محمد العبيد
اسم المشرف: عباس دواس مطر المالكي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: في هذه الدراسة تم استعمال وريقات نخيل البريم العراقي(Breim) Phoenix dactylifera لتقصي تاثيره المخفض لسكر الدم في الارانب الطبيعية والمصابة بفرط السكرالمستحدث بالالوكسان. تم تحضير (11 ) مستخلصا من وريقات هذا النبات وهي المستخلص المائي البارد والمائي الحار والمستخلص الايثانولي البارد والايثانولي الحار ومستخلص الدهون ، ومستخلصات الفينولات والقلويدات والفلافونيدات والكلايكوسيدات والصابونين والتانينات .تم اجراء الكشوفات الكيميائية النوعية الاولية للمستخلصات المحضرة وتعيين العوائل الكيميائية الفعالة الموجودة في وريقات النبات، تم استعمال مجموعتين من الارانب الصائمة الطبيعية والمصابة بفرط السكر وقسمت كل منها الى مجموعة سيطرة ومجموعة معالجة، ثم تم تسجيل تاثير المستخلصات في تخفيض سكر الدم في هذه الارانب، اذ اظهرت النتائج ان المستخلص الايثانولي الحار كان الاكثر تخفيضا لمستوى سكر كلوكوز الدم من المستخلصات العامة الاخرى في الارانب الطبيعية.سجل كل من المركبات القلويدية والفينولية المعزولة التخفيض الاكبر في مستوى سكر كلوكوز الدم مقارنة مع بقية المستخلصات في الارانب الطبيعية والمصابة بفرط السكر حيث ادت هذه المركبات الفعالة الى تخفيض عالي المعنوية (P<0.001 ) في الساعة الرابعة والعشرين , وانخفاض عالي المعنوية P<0.01)) في الساعة الرابعة والساعة السادسة , وتخفيض معنوي P<0.05)) في الساعة الثانية في الارانب الطبيعية الصائمة , وانخفاض بفارق معنوي (P<0.001 ) في الساعة السادسة والرابعة والعشرين , وانخفاض معنوي P<0.01)) في الساعة الرابعة , وانخفاض معنوي P<0.05)) في الساعة الثانية وفي الارانب المصابة بفرط السكر . اما التانينات فقد اظهرت التخفيض الاقل مقارنة مع بقية المستخلصات الاخرى . اظهرت نتائج التحليل النوعي لكروموتوغرافيا الطبقة الرقيقة ((TLC عن وجود مركب قلويدي في مستخلص القلويدات وعن وجود اربعة مركبات في مستخلص الفينولات وشخصت المركبات الفينولية والمركب القلويدي الفعالة المعزولة باستعمال كشف منصهر الصوديوم وكشف المجاميع الفعالة وطيف الكتلة - كروموتوغرافيا الغاز GC - Massوطيف الاشعة تحت الحمراء IR وطيف الرنين النووي المغناطيسي للبروتون (H1 - NMR) وطيف الرنين النووي المغناطيسي للكاربون (C13 - NMR ) ولذلك من هذا التشخيص وجد ان المركب القلويدي المعزول هو 2 - Methoxy - 4 - [(E) - (1H - tetraazol - 1 - ylimino)methyl]phenol اما المركبات الفينولية المعزولة هي 3 - hydroxy tyrosine , 4 - n - propylresorcinol , alpha - tocopherol , 2 - hydroxy - 5 - methylisophthaldehyde لقد سجل المركب الفينولي4 - n - propylresorcinol] تخفيضا عالي المعنوية في مستويات كلوكوز الدم، اذ اظهر تخفيضا بفارق معنوي عالي (P<0.001 ) في الساعة الرابعة والعشرين , وانخفاض معنوي P<0.01)) في الساعة السادسة وانخفاض معنوي P<0.05)) في الساعة الثانية والرابعة في الارانب الطبيعية ، كما سجل هذا المركب الفعال تخفيضا معنويا عاليا (P<0.001 ) في الساعة السادسة والرابعة والعشرين , وانخفاض معنوي P<0.01)) في الساعة الرابعة , وانخفاض معنوي P<0.05)) في الساعة الثانية في الارانب المصابة بفرط السكر . في حين اظهرت المركبات الفينولية الاخرى 3 - hydroxy tyrosine, 2 - hydroxy - 5 - methylisophthaldehyde , alpha - tocopherol تخفيضا معنويا عاليا في الارانب السليمة والمصابة بفرط السكر ولكن بنسبة اقل من المركب 4 - n - propylresorcinol . كما اظهرت الدراسة ان المركبات الفينولية الفعالة والمركب القلويدي الفعال ليس لها اي تاثير سمي في تحلل كريات الدم الحمراء في الانسان . | In this study Iraqi Phoenix dactylifera (Breim) leaflets were used to investigate their hypoglycemic action in normal glycemic and Alloxan - induced diabetic rabbits. Eleven extracts from this plant were prepared are cold aqueous, hot aqueous , cold ethanolic, hot ethanolic ,fats extracts, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and tannins. Preliminary qualitative tests were carried out for prepared extracts and active chemical families were detected for plant leaflets. Two groups of fasted normal glycemic and fasted hyperglycemic rabbits and they were divided into control and treatment groups then hyperglycemic action in these rabbits were recorded. The results showed that the hot ethanolic extract was the highest hypoglycemic action than other extracts in normal glycemic rabbits. Phenolic and alkaloidic compounds isolated, recorded the great hypoglycemic action compound with other extracts in normal glycemic and hyperglycemic where these active compounds led to a decreasing with a a significant difference (P<0.001)at 24 hr , a significant decreasing (P<0.01) at 4 and 6 hr and a significant decreasing (P<0.05) at 2 hr in fasted normal glycemic rabbits , also a significant decreasing (P<0.001)at 6 and 24 hour ,a significant decreasing (P<0.01) at 4 hr and a significant decreasing (P<0.05) at 2 hr in hyperglycemic rabbits whereas tannins showed the lowest decreasing compared to other extracts . Thin layer chromatography (TLC)results showed presence of one alkaloidic compound in alkaloids extract and four phenolic compounds in phenols extracts . Action phenolic compounds and alkaloidic compound were identified by using sodium fuse , function groups test , gas chromatography ,mass (GC - Mass) spectrum technique ,infra - red (IR),proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H1 - NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (C13 - NMR) spectra . Therefore from this identification , it was found that the isolated alkaloidic compound is 2 - Methoxy - 4 - [(E) - (1H - tetraazol - 1 - ylimino)methyl]phenol whereas the phenolic compounds are 3 - hydroxy tyrosine , 4 - n - propylresorcinol , alpha - tocopherol , 2 - hydroxy - 5 - methylisophthaldehyde. the phenolic compound 4 - n - propylresorcinol recorded a high, a significant decreasing in blood glucose levels , where it showed a decrease with a , a significant difference (P<0.001)at 24 hr, a significant decreasing (P<0.01) at 6 hr and a significant decreasing (P<0.05) at 2 and 4 hr in fasted normal glycemic rabbits , also this active chemical compound recorded a high significant decreasing (P<0.001)at 6 and 24 hour ,a significant decrease (P<0.01) at 4 hr and a significant decrease (P<0.05) at 2 hr in hyperglycemic rabbits , while other the phenolic compounds 3 - hydroxy tyrosine, alpha - tocopherol , 2 - hydroxy - 5 - methylisophthaldehyde showed a significant decreasing in normal glycemic rabbits and hyperglycemic rabbits but it was less than the compound 4 - n - propylresorcinol , also the study showed that the active alkaloidic compound and active phenolic compounds have no toxic effect in hemolysis of blood red cells of human being.

تحضير وتشخيص ودراسة الفعالية البايولوجية لبعض النايترونات الدايمرية الجديدة == Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity Studies of New Dimers Nitrones

اسم المؤلف: فرح هاشم حسين الهاشمي
اسم المشرف: عباس فاضل عباس | مؤيد عبد العالي حسين
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This thesis is concerned with the synthesis and characterization of two new series : 1. A series of heterocyclic compounds which have been prepared from the reaction of urea, thiourea , hydroxylamine and hydrazine hydrate with compound of prepared chalcone in the presence of sodium hydroxide following table shows these compounds : symbol Name and Structure 1A O N O2N NO2 3,5 - bis(4 - nitrophenyl) - 4,5 - dihydroisoxazole 1B HN N O2N NO2 3,5 - bis(4 - nitrophenyl) - 4,5 - dihydro - 1H - pyrazole O2N NO2 N N OH 4,6 - bis(4 - nitrophenyl)pyrimidin - 2 - ol O2N NO2 4,6 - bis(4 - nitrophenyl)pyrimidine - 2 - thiol 2. A series of dinitrone compound that described by the following forms : Symbol Structure These two series identified by IR , 1H NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques.The biological activity of the prepared compound was investigated against two types of germs (Gram positive and negative) and it has found that these compound the study showed that some of these compounds effective against bacteria positive without negative , as the focus was to measure the minimum inhibitory (MIC) to them.

تحضير وتشخيص راتنجين بوليمرين جديدين من اعادة تدوير نفايات متعدد ترفثالات الاثلين (PET) وتقييم كفاءتهما في تثبيط تاكل مادة حديد الصلب الكربوني في الوسط الحامضي 0.1 M HCl == Preparation and Characterization of TwoNew polymeric resins from recycle waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and evaluated its efficiency As to Inhibit the Corrosion of Carbon Steel alloy in Acidic Media (0.1M) HCl

اسم المؤلف: علي حسين ياسر العبادي
اسم المشرف: مؤيد نعيم خلف | علاء سامي خلف
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The research included synthesis ,characterization and evaluation of two new corrosion inhibitors (Bis(2 - ((2 - hydroxyethyl) thio) ethyl) terephthalate (BHET) and Bis(2 - ((6 - Mono malic acid - hydroxyl ethyl ester) sulfonyl) ethyl terephthalate (BHMET) from recycled waste polyethylene terephthalate .The best percent of the two corrosion inhibitors were reached after many experiments, which included study many factors like temperature, the equivalent weight of reactants and others. The synthesized corrosion inhibitors were characterized by FTIR and 1HNMR spectroscopy and thermal analysis . As measured for inhibitors thermal stability TGA&DTA has been found to be inhibitors stable thermally It was found that the inhibitor (Bis(2 - ((2 - hydroxyethyl) thio) ethyl) terephthalate stable up to a temperature (240) ˚C and the inhibitor Bis(2 - ((6 - Mono malic acid - hydroxyl ethyl ester) sulfanyl) ethyl terephthalate stable up to a temperature (230) ˚C This is evidence of its effectiveness within these thermal grades of industrial processes, particularly their work inhibitors corrosion.The two inhibitors were evaluated as corrosion inhibitors using hydrochloric acid as corrosion media for carbon steel alloy( carbon steel C1010) . The factors effect on the rate of corrosion like temperature , concentration of inhibitor were studied by the electrochemical technique using the Tafel plot.The obtained results at temperatures range ( 298 - 328) K and concentrations (10 - 50) ppm were used to calculate many factors that determined the efficiency of the inhibitor like : corrosion rate , corrosion current , charge transfer resistance , Anodic Tafel constant , Cathodic Tafel constant , corrosion potential and inhibitor efficiency. It was observed that the corrosion rate increases with increase of temperature and decreases with increase of the inhibitor concentration in the same temperature. The Results showed that both inhibitors had very high inhibition in reducing the corrosion rate .The inhibition efficiency reached (97.1%) for (Bis(2 - ((2 - hydroxyethyl) thio) ethyl) terephthalate for the 40 ppm at (308) k and (96.2%) for the Bis(2 - ((6 - Mono malic acid - hydroxyl ethyl ester) sulfonyl) ethyl terephthalate for the 50 ppm at (298) k.Many thermodynamics functions was calculated ,activation energy Ea , activation entropy ΔS* , activation enthalpy ΔH* and free energy ΔGads during the different experiment conditions, which was indicated of the corrosion inhibition efficiency and the type of the inhibition. The obtained results showed that the two inhibitors were very efficient to reduce the corrosion rate in the acidic media and from the ΔGads data the type of adsorption was physisorption and chemisorption. because the value of ΔGads was higher than ( - 20 KJ/mol) and less than ( - 40 KJ/mol).

تحضير وتشخيص ودراسة الفعالية البايوكيميائية لبعض مشتقات ? لاكتام

اسم المؤلف: عذراء محمد علي
اسم المشرف: علي هاشم عيسى | سميرة احمد زيارة
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Staudinger reaction of imines to β - lactams was successfully achieved using chloroacetyl chloride and tertiary amines in dry toluene under mild conditions. Two new types of β - lactams have been synthesized by this versatile and efficient method in good to excellent yields.R2 R1 الرمز Br NO2 A CN NO2 M OCH3 OCH3 F Br OCH3 B The imines were synthesized according to the literature procedure by reaction of substituted aldehydes and substituted anilines.The chloroacetyl chloride has been synthesized by the reaction of chloroacetic acid with phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) and used directly with out any purifications.All products were characterized using IR, H and C NMR. This method is simple, clean, and the by - products were removed by simple aqueous work - up. The effects of solvents, molar ratio of reagent, and the temperature were considered.The antibacterial acttivity of the compounds A, M and F has been studied on gram positive isolates (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus) and gram Negative isolates (E. coli and Psedomonas), in comparison with standard antibiotics which are : Ampicillin, Amoxicillin and Cephalexin.The results showed the influence of the effectiveness of inhibitory compounds on all bacterial isolates at concentration (250 mg / ml). The study also included the estimation of minimum inhibition concentration of these compounds at all examined bacterial isolates. The results showed the contentiously effectiveness of the compounds (A, M) in the inhibition of the gram positive Staphylococcus aureus spp. up to focus (25 μg / ml). In addition, our study includes determination of the effect of compounds A, M and F on human fresh red blood cells as cytotoxicity in concentrations (1,5,25,50,250 mg / ml). The results were revealed that there was non - hemolysis of red blood cells, so it can be considered these compounds are non - toxic on the human red blood cells.The effect of studied compounds (A, M, F) at concentrations (50, 125, 250 mg / ml) dissolved in DMSO solution, were determined to detect the symptoms of hypersensitivity test using the domestic rabbits, no appearance of any symptoms were observed for hypersensitivity Lalani swelling and redness, or itching after injection of these compounds for the first time, as well as after the exposure to these compounds after Done week measure, the level of antibodies type lgE and white blood cells type acidic Eosinophil, were measured after injection of these compounds which not get any significan

التخليق الاخضر لدقائق النحاس والفضة متناهية الصغر باستخدام مستخلصات الكزبرة ودراسة الخصائص الكيموحيوية == Green Synthesis of Copper and Silver Nanoparticles using Coriandrum sativum L. Extracts and Studying their Biochemical properties

اسم المؤلف: بشائر حسن شاكر الكناني
اسم المشرف: لمياء عبد المجيد المشهدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن البحث دراسة المكونات الفعالة في المستخلصات الكحولية (70%) والمائية (الباردة والحارة) للبذور الكزبره التي جمعت من الاسواق المحلية في مدينة الحلة وكان تقنية التخليق الاخضر للجسيمات النانوية للنحاس والفضة فعالة وصديق للبيئه. في الدراسة الحالية تم استخدام بذور الكزبرة Coriandrum sativum L. لتخليق جسيمات النحاس النانويه (CuNPs) والجسيمات الفضة النانوية (AgNPs) التي تم تحضيرها من خلال استخدام محلول مائي من CuSO4 . 5H2O (2mM) واستخدام محلول مائي من AgNO3 مع مستخلصات البذور (المائية والكحولية ٪70) من بذور نبات الكزبره Coriandrum sativum L.التي تعتبر عامل مختزل طبيعي ومستقروقد استدل على تحضير الدقائق النانوية بشكل اولي من تغيير اللون في التفاعل. شخصت الجسيمات النانوية باستخدام مطيافية الاشعة فوق البنفسجية بمدى nm (400 - 500) ، حيود الاشعة السينية XRDو المجهر الالكتروني الماسح SEM . تم دراسة الظروف المثلى جسيمات النحاس النانوية , فقد اجريت العديد من التجارب للوصول للضروف الفضلى للتحضير في ظروف مختلفة حيث كانت تركيز ايون النحاس mM 2 ودرجة الحموضة (9.8) درجة الحرارة (70 oC)، ووقت التفاعل ( 30دقيقة)، وزن بذور الكزبره (15غم)في 50 مل من الماء منزوع الايونات وتحديد نسبة مستخلص االكزبرة الى كبريتات النحاس خماسيه الماء (1 : 3و4 : 1) اما الظروف المثلى لتخليق الجسيمات الفضة النانوية، اجريت التجارب في ظروف مختلفة هي تركيز ايون الفضة mM 1 ودرجة الحموضة (8)، ودرجة الحرارة (C 600)، ووقت التفاعل ( 25دقيقة)، وزن بذور الكزبره (15غم) للمستخلص الايثانولي و5 غم للمستخلص المائي وال15 غم للمستخلص الحار والبارد في 50مل من الماء منزوع الايونات وتحديد نسبة المستخلص الى نترات الفضة (1 : 1) وقد تم ملاحظة افضل جسيم نانوي من خلال المعلومات المستنتجة من قبل طيف الاشعة فوق البنفسجية المرئي الطيفي بين مختلف الجسيمات النانوية بتحديد الظروف المثلى . تم دراسة فعالية الكبح للمستخلصات وجسيمات النحاس والفضة النانوية باستخدام حامض الاسكوربيك كمركب قياسي. وتبين النتائج ان المستخلص الكحولي يعطي نسبة عالية من الكبح مقارنة مع المستخلصات المائية لانه اختزال عدد الجزيئات الـ DPPH يرتبط مع عدد مجموعات الهيدروكسيل الموجودة . تم دراسه فعاليه كبح جذور الهيدروكسيل والبروكسيد ومضادات الاكسده والفعاليه البايلوجية للبكتريا والفطريات للمستخلصات النباتية والجسمات النانوية ووجد ان المستخلص الايثانولي يعطي افضل نتيجة اما دقائق الفضة النانوية المحظرة من المستخلص االبارد تعطي افضل نتيجة ودقائق النحاس المحظرة من المستخلص البارد تعمل على كبح الجذور الحره بشكل افضل مقارنة بدقائق النحاس النانوية المحظرة الاخرى . كذلك تم دراسة النشاط المضاد للبكتيريا والفطريات للمستخلص الكحولي والمستخلصات المائية والجسيمات النانوية المحظرة من المستخلصات باستخدام اربعة انواع من البكتيريا المختلفة التي هي موجبة لصبغة كرام : Staphylococcus and المعزوله من عنق الرحم Streptococcus وسالبة لصبغة كرام : Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas باستخدام طريقة الانتشار بالطبق. اما نوع الفطرية هو المبيضات candida المعزوله من اقدام الرياضيين | In present study, the seeds of Coriandrum sativum L. were used for synthesing of copper (CuNPs) nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) that's formed by using an aqueous solution of CuSO4•5H2O (2mM) for CuNPs and using an aqueous solution of(1mM) AgNO3for AgNPs with the seed extracts (aqueous and ethanolic 70%) of Coriandrum s. as reducing and stabilizing agents, and the change of color solution assures the formation of copper and silver nanoparticles. UV - Visible scanning revealed qualitative formation of CuNPs and AgNPs characteristic absorption peak in the range of 400 - 500 nm. The optimum condition for new nanoparticles of copper and silver synthesis was studied To study the optimum factors for copper nanoparticles synthesis, the experiments were carried out in different conditions are copper ion concentration (0.5 ,1 ,2 and 2.5 m M), pH (9.8) temperature (70°C), time of rection (30 min), C. Sativum concentration (15g) in 50 mL deionized water and the C. Sativum extract to copper sulfate pentahydrate water ratio (1 : 4) and (1 : 3). To study the optimum considerations for silver nanoparticles synthesis, the experiments were carried out in different conditions are silver ion concentration (1 m M), pH (7), temperature (60°C), time of reaction (25 min), C. Sativum concentration (5g and15g) in 50 mL deionized water and the ratio of seed C. Sativum extract to silver nitrate ratio (1 : 1). The study of these parameters was observed by UV - Visible spectrophotometer and compare between different nanoparticles to investigate the best one on preparing optimum conditions. Determining some antioxidant parameters such as total antioxidant, Free radical scavenging activity, Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity, anti - bacterial activity and antifungal show the ethanolic extract and CuNPs for cold extract and AgNPs for cold extract is better than other sample. Evaluating the anti - bacterial activity and antifungal of copper and silver nanoparticles extracts on some types of gram positive bacterial strains : Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus and gram negative : Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas auroginosa, the Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas insolated from the cervix high vaginal swabs. Type of fungal is candida the type of fungi candida which insolated from the feet of sportsmen

الدور الوقائي والعلاجي لفيتاميني C وE على الاجهاد التاكسدي المستحث بواسطة الصبغتين الغذائيتين E102و E122 في ذكور الجرذان == Prophylactic and Protective roles of Vitamin C and E on Oxidative Stress Induced by Food Additives E102 and E122 in Male Rats

اسم المؤلف: علي نوري فجر المحنة
اسم المشرف: لمياء عبد المجيد المشهدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: صممت هذا الدراسة لمعرفة تاثير صبغتي الكارمويسين (E122) والتترازين (E102) على بعض المعايير الفسلجية لذكور الجرذان والمتضمنة قياس مستوى فعالية الانزيمات المضادة للاكسدة (SOD وGST وGPx) والحالة التاكسدية (MDA وNO وT - AOC) وانزيمات الكبد (AST وALT وALP) وتراكيز اليوريا Urea والكرياتينين Creatinine ومستويات الكوليسترول Cholesterol والدهون الثلاثية Triglycerides والبروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة HDL - c وواطئة الكثافة LDL - c فضلا عن قياس التعبير الجيني لانزيم GSTmu, كما تضمنت الدراسة الجانب النسجي لمقاطع الكبد والكلى والمعدة والامعاء للحيوانات المذكورة بهدف التحقق من الدور الايجابي المحتمل لفيتاميني C وE في التقليل من التاثيرات السلبية للصبغات المذكوره اعلاه.نفذت الدراسة في البيت الحيواني التابع لقسم علوم الحياة/ كلية التربية/ جامعة القادسية ضمن المدة (1/ 11/ 2015) وحتى (1/ 3/ 2016)؛ اذ اشتملت على تجربتين الاولى منها ضمت 66 ذكرا من الفئران البيض الناضجة جنسيا وباوزان تراوحت بين (25 - 30) غم واستعملت بغرض تحديد الجرعة المميتة لنصف عدد الحيوانات (LD50). اما التجربة الثانية فضمت 78 ذكرا من الجرذان البيض البالغة جنسيا وباوزان تراوحت بين (225 - 230) غم ومقسمة عشوائيا الى ثمانية مجاميع بحسب كل صبغة (E122 بتركيز 250 ملغم/ كغم من وزن الجسم وE102 بتركيز 500 ملغم/ كغم من وزن الجسم) فضلا عن فيتامين C بتركيز 50 ملغم/ كغم من وزن الجسم وفيتامين E بتركيز 15 ملغم/ كغم من وزن الجسم, وتم تجريعها عن طريق الفم وكالاتي : • مجموعة السيطرة (C) ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بماء الشرب الاعتيادي لمدة شهرين.• مجموعة المعاملة الاولى (G1) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بفيتامين C لمدة شهرين.• مجموعة المعاملة الثانية (G2) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بفيتامين E لمدة شهرين.• مجموعة المعاملة (G3E122) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بصبغة E122 وG3E102 ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بصبغة E102 لمدة شهرين. • مجموعة المعاملة (G4E122) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بفيتامين C لمدة شهرين ومن ثم بصبغة E122 وG4E102 ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بفيتامين C لمدة شهرين ومن ثم بصبغة E102 لمدة شهرين اخرين. • مجموعة المعاملة (G5E122) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بفيتامين E لمدة شهرين ومن ثم بصبغة E122 وG5E102)) ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بفيتامين E لمدة شهرين ومن ثم بصبغة E102 لمدة شهرين اخرين.• مجموعة المعاملة (G6E122) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بصبغة E122 ومن ثم بفيتامين E و((G6E102 ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بصبغة E102 لمدة شهرين ومن ثم بفيتامين E لمدة شهرين اخرين. • مجموعة المعاملة (G7E122) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بصبغة E122 ومن ثم بفيتامين C و(G7E102) ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بصبغة E102 لمدة شهرين ومن ثم بفيتامين C لمدة شهرين اخرين. بعد نهاية الفترة المحددة لمعاملة الحيوانات بالتراكيز المختلفة للصبغات والفيتامينات تم وزن الحيوانات ومن ثم تخدريها بمادة الكلوروفورم وسحب الدم منها مباشرة من القلب فضلا عن عزل مصل الدم لاجراء الفحوصات المذكورة اعلاه, بعد ذلك شرحت الحيوانات لغرض تحضير المقاطع النسجية منها, واظهرت النتائج حصول ما يلي : 1 - انخفاض معنوي في مستوى فعالية الانزيمات المضادة للاكسدة (SOD وGST وGPx) والبروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة في المجاميع (G3 وG4 وG5) مقارنة مع باقي المجاميع الاخرى.2 - ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى فعالية انزيمات الكبد (AST وALT وALP) ومؤشرات وظائف الكلى (اليوريا والكرياتينين) والكوليسترول والدهون الثلاثية والبروتينات الدهنية واطئة الكثافة في المجاميع (G3 وG4 وG5) مقارنة مع باقي المجاميع الاخرى.3 - ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى فعالية الانزيمات المضادة للاكسدة (SOD وGST وGPx) والبروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة وانزيمات الكبد (AST وALT وALP) ومؤشرات وظائف الكلى (اليوريا والكرياتينين) والكوليسترول والدهون الثلاثية والبروتينات الدهنية واطئة الكثافة في المجموعتين (G6 وG7) مقارنة بالمجاميع (G3 وG4 وG5), في حين لم تظهر فروق واضحة عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة (C).4 - انخفاض معنوي في التعبير الجيني لانزيم GSTmu في المجاميع (G3 وG4 وG5) مقارنة مع المجموعتين (G6 وG7) التي اعطت ارتفاعا معنويا في التعبير الجيني للانزيم والتي بدورها لم تختلف معنويا مع مجموعة السيطرة (C).5 - تغيرات نسجية مرضية شملت موت وتنخر ونزف في المقاطع الماخوذة من الكبد والكلية والمعدة والامعاء في المجاميع (G3 وG4 وG5) مقارنة مع باقي المجاميع الاخرى التي لم تظهر اختلافات نسجية واضحة فيما بينها. | The current study was designed to determine the effect of carmoisine (122) and tartrazine (102) dyes on some physiological criteria for white rats male and included measuring the level of effectiveness of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GST and GPx), phosphorylation status (MDA, NO and T - AOC), liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP), the concentrations of urea, creatinine and the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL); as well as a measure of gene expression for GSTmu enzyme. Also the study included histology to liver, kidneys, stomach and intestines of mentioned animals in order to verify the potentially positive role of vitamins C and E in reducing from the negative effects to above mentioned dyes.The present study was conducted in the animal house of the department of biology/ College of Education/ University of Al - Qadisiyah within the period (1/11/2015) till (30/3/2016); it included on two experiments; the first experiment which included 66 male of sexually mature white mice with weights between (25 - 30) g and is used in order to determine lethal dose of half the number of animals (LD50). The second experiment included 78 male of sexually mature white rats with weights between (225 - 230) g and divided randomly into eight groups according each dye (E122 a concentration of 250 mg/ kg of body weight and E102 a concentration of 500 mg/ kg of body weight) as well about of vitamin C with concentration of 50 mg/ kg of body weight, vitamin E with concentration of 15 mg/ kg of body weight, as follows : • Control group (C) included 6 animals with doses by ordinary drinking water for six weeks.• First treatment group (G1) : 6 animals included with doses by vitamin C for two months.• Second treatment group (G2) : 6 animals included with doses by vitamin E for two months.• treatment group (G3E122) : 6 animals included with doses by E122 and G3E102 6 animals included with doses by E102 dye for two months.• treatment group (G4E122) : 6 animals included with doses by vitamin C for two months and then E122 dye for a two months. and G4E102 animals included with doses by vitamin C for two months and then E102 dye for a two months.• treatment group (G5E122) : 6 animals included with doses by vitamin E for two months and then E122 dye for a two months. and G5E102 animals included with doses by vitamin E for two months and then E102 dye for a two months.• treatment group (G6E122) : 6 animals included with doses by E122 dye for two months and then vitamin E for two months and G6E102 6 animals included with doses by E102 dye for two months and then vitamin E for two months• treatment group (G7) : 6 animals included with doses by E122 dye for two months and then vitamin C for two months and G6E102 6 animals included with doses by E102 dye for two months and then vitamin C for two monthsAfter the end of the period specified for the treatment of animals by different concentrations of the dyes and vitamins taking the weight of animals and then were Anesthetization and blood draw directly from the heart as well as the blood serum were isolation to conduct the all tests listed above, then the animals were anatomy to purpose of the histological sections preparation, and the results showed the following : 1 - A significant decrease in the level of antioxidant enzymes effectiveness (SOD, GST and GPx) and HDL in groups (G3, G4 and G5) compared with the other groups.2 - A significant increase in the level of liver enzymes effectiveness (AST, ALT and ALP) and indicators of kidney function (urea and creatinine), cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL in groups (G3, G4 and G5) compared with the other groups.3 - A significant increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes effectiveness (SOD, GST and GPx), HDL, liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP), indicators of kidney function (urea and creatinine), cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL in two groups (G6 and G7) compared with groups (G3, G4 and G5), while did not appear significant differences when compared with the control group (C).4 - A significant decrease of gene expression to GSTmu enzyme in groups (G3, G4 and G5), compared with two groups (G6 and G7), which gave increased significantly in the gene expression of the enzyme, which in turn were not significantly different with the control group (C).5 - Histo - pathological changes were included degeneration, necrosis and hemorrhage in the sections were taken from the liver, kidney, stomach and intestines in groups (G3 and G4 and G5) compared with the other groups that are did not appear histological differences among them.

دراسة العوامل الكيميوحيوية والتنميط الجيني للانزيم المحول للانجيوسين لدى مرضى اعتلال الكلية السكري النوع 2 == Biochemical Study and Angiotensin converting enzyme polymorphism of Nephropathy in T2DM Patients

اسم المؤلف: زينب عباس جواد الطالبي
اسم المشرف: حيدر كامل زيدان السعدي | محمود حسين هدوان
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Diabetes is characterized by high levels of blood - glucose resulting from defect insulin hormone secretion or insulin action, or both of them. Chronic high blood - sugar lead to development and failure in many organs in the body such as heart, blood vessels of the eyes, nerves system and kidneys.The Study evaluation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme - 1 and Angiotensinogen in Type 2 Diabetic patients according to the following steps : it is directed to evaluate Biochemical parameters in type 2 diabetic patients. Measure the levels of some hormones and some parameters. Study the relationships between these hormones and the Biochemical parameters. The association of Angiotensin converting enzyme gene in some hormonal and physiological parameters in type 2 diabetic Iraqi patients. Determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). while the hormones including (Insulin and Erythropoietin) and the physiological parameters (insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, Fasting Blood Glucose; HbA1C; microalbuminuria; systolic and diastolic blood pressure).This case - control study was done in a period of March 2016 to May 2016, from Al - Sadder Medical City in Al - Najaf center for Diabetes and Endocrine. All blood samples of patients were collected in fasting (8 - 10hr.) Number of patients in Diabetes mellitus (DM) type II. Total patients were (n=66), then divided into three groups according to the duration of the disease, the First subgroup (less than 5 years) (n=22), Second subgroup (5 - 10 years) (n=22) and the last subgroup more than 10 years (n=22). The healthy control includes (n=22) subjects, total numbers becomes (88 persons).VISummaryExcluded from this study : Type I diabetes, Females, smokers Patients, random Patient uncontrolled hypertension, alcoholic patients, types of cancer, Hepatitis and Removal of glands. Both groups were subjected to full history including age, BMI, complete clinical examination such as blood pressure measurement. Laboratory measurements including, fasting blood sugar, HbA1C, Microalbuminuria, Insulin hormone, Erythropoietin hormone, Estimation insulinresistance and sensitivity, Extraction DNA from frozen blood for all control and patients then, determination of ACE I/D genotype were done by using PCR technique.The results show significantly Elevation in Microalbuminuria, HbA1c , Fasting blood - sugar, and insulin resistance in nephropathy diabetic type 2 patients compared with healthy control.ACE - 1 enzyme levels have significant increase and lead to the hypertension in the Diabetic patients. There is no relationship between Erythropoietin hormone level and blood pressure deduce that EPO did not raise blood pressure with the patients according to the results of this study, but caused from Angiotensin converting enzyme - 1. The frequency of DD genotype was 21/44 (50%) in patients type 2 more frequent and significant that was significantly higher than that of patient group ID and II with P value =0.036. while there was no significant in ID genotype between patients in group ID 14/44(31%) with p=0.92 and patient in group II genotype 9/44 (20%) with P value=0.07.This study found that DD genotype of ACE gene may be associated with development of diabetic nephropathy among Iraqi patients and this could lead to the prevention and treatment of this complication (Diabetic nephropathy) in Iraqi diabetic patients.

التقدير الطيفي للنايترازيبام وهيدروكلوريد الكلوربرومازين في بعض المستحضرات الصيدلانية باستخدام تفاعلات لونية جديدة == Spectrophotometric Determination of Nitrazepam and Cloropromazine - HCl in some Pharmaceutical Formulations using a new Colorimetric reactions

اسم المؤلف: سارة محمد علي المطيري
اسم المشرف: قاسم حسن كاظم
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الفصل الاول : تضمن مقدمة عامة عن الادوية والتحاليل الدوائية وبعض المفاهيم الاساسية عن التحليل بالطرق الطيفية المعتمدة على امتصاص الاشعة فوق البنفسجية والمرئية المستعملة في هذا النوع من التحاليل, حيث تضمن البحث على مقدمة عامة عن تفاعلات الازوتة - الاقتران واهميتها في التقدير الطيفي للعديد من المركبات الدوائية, وايضا التفاعلات الخاصة باملاح الدايزونيوم. ومقدمة عن تفاعلات قواعد شف وميكانيكية حدوث هذه التفاعلات, بالاضافة الى تصنيف لقواعد شف حسب المجاميع المانحة. ومقدمه عامة عن دواء النايترازيبام واستعراض للطرق التحليلية المستعملة في تقديره. تضمن البحث ايضا على مقدمة عامة عن تفاعلات الاقتران التاكسدي واهميته في التقدير الطيفي للعديد من المركبات الدوائية واهم العوامل المؤثرة فيها واهم الميكانيكيات المتبعة في هذه التفاعلات. ومقدمة عامة عن مركبات الفينوثايزين وعرضا موجزا لبعض الخواص الكيميائية والاستعمالات الطبية والصيدلانية لمركب الفينوثايزين المدروس هيدروكلوريد الكلوربرومازين (CPZ), واستعراض موجز للطرائق التحليلية المستخدمة في تقدير هذا الدواء.الفصل الثاني : تضمن وصف للاجهزة المستخدمة في الطريقة والمقترحة وكذلك المواد الكيميائية المستخدمة والشركات المصنعة لها, بالاضافة الى طرق تحضير محاليل الادوية والكواشف والحوامض والقواعد والعوامل المؤكسدة والمستحضرات الصيدلانية, بالاضافة الى الطرق القياسية للادوية المستخدمة في الدراسةالفصل الثالث : تضمن وصف طريقتين طيفيتين بسيطة وحساسة لتقدير النايترازيبام في المحلول المائي بعد اختزال مجموعة النايترو (NO2 - ) الموجودة فيه الى مجموعة امين (NH2 - ) باستخدام الزنك وفي الوسط الحامضي, في حالته النقية وفي بعض مستحضراته الصيدلانية, حيث اعتمدت الطريقة الاولى على اقتران النايترازيبام المختزل مع الكاشف العضوي (الثايمول) في الوسط القاعدي, واعطائه صبغة ازو برتقالية مستقرة وذائبة في الماء لها اقصى امتصاص في الطول الموجي (477) نانوميتر. وجد ان الطريقة تتبع قانون بيــر لامبـــرت بمدى تركيز (12 - 0.1) مايكروغرام. مل 1 - , وبمعامل امتصاص مولاري (104×(2.264 لتر.مول1 - .سم1 - , وحساسية ساندل (0.0124) مايكروغرام. سم2 - , وحد كشف (0.02) مايكروغرام. مل1 - , وحد التقدير الكمي (0.072) مايكروغرام. مل 1 - , ومعدل نسبة استرداد (99.52)% , ومعدل الانحراف القياسي النسبي (0.7323)%. اما الطريقة الثانية فاعتمدت على اقتران النايترازيبام المختزل مع الكاشف (بارا - هيدروكسي بنزالدهايد) ليعطي قاعدة شف برتقالية اللون مستقرة وذائبة في الماء لها اقصى امتصاص عند الطول الموجي (484) نانوميتر. وجد ان الطريقة تتبع قانون بيــر لامبـــرت بمدى تركيز (10 - 0.1) مايكروغرام. مل 1 - , وبمعامل امتصاص مولاري (104×(3.14 لتر.مول1 - .سم1 - , وحساسية ساندل (0.0089) مايكروغرام. سم2 - , وحد كشف (0.029) مايكروغرام. مل1 - , وحد التقدير الكمي (0.098) مايكروغرام. مل 1 - , ومعدل نسبة استرداد (99.9)% , ومعدل الانحراف القياسي النسبي (0.579)%. طبقت الطريقتين بنجاح لتقدير النايترازيبام المختزل في المستحضر الصيدلاني والذي كان عبارة عن (حبوب) , اذ وجد ان نتائج الطريقتين تتفق مع المحتوى الاصلي للمستحضرات الصيدلانية ومع نتائج الطريقة القياسية المستعملة في تقدير النايترازيبام, وتم تقييم نتائج الطريقتين المقترحتين من خلال حساب قيم اختباري t وF والتي كانت اقل من القيم الجدولية عند مستوى الثقة 95% مما يدل على ان الطرق المقترحة والطريقة القياسية لا تختلفان بشكل ملحوظ في الدقة والتوافقية. ايضا تضمن الفصل وصف طريقة طيفيه بسيطة وحساسة لتقدير هيدروكلوريد الكلوربرومازين (CPZ) في المحلول المائي بحالته النقية وفي مستحضراته الصيدلانية , تعتمد هذه الطريقة على الاقتران التاكسدي بين الدواء والكاشف العضوي (2,5 - Dimethoxyaniline) واعطاء صبغة زرقاء مستقرة وذائبة في الماء لها اقصى امتصاص عند الطول الموجي (717) نانوميتر. وجد ان الطريقة تتبع قانون بيــر لامبـــرت بمدى تركيز (14 - 0.05) مايكروغرام. مل 1 - , وبمعامل امتصاص مولاري (104×(4.04 لتر.مول1 - .سم1 - , وحساسية ساندل (0.0087) مايكروغرام. سم2 - , وحد كشف (0.024) مايكروغرام. مل1 - , وحد التقدير الكمي (0.082) مايكروغرام. مل 1 - , ومعدل نسبة استرداد (99.94)% , ومعدل الانحراف القياسي النسبي (0.149)%. طبقت الطريقة بنجاح لتقدير هيدروكلوريد الكلوربرومازين في المستحضر الصيدلاني والذي كان عبارة عن (حبوب) , اذ وجد ان نتائج الطريقة تتفق مع المحتوى الاصلي للمستحضرات الصيدلانية ومع نتائج الطريقة القياسية المستعملة في تقدير هيدروكلوريد الكلوربرومازين, وتم تقييم نتائج الطريقة المقترحة من خلال حساب قيم اختباري t وF والتي كانت اقل من القيم الجدولية عند مستوى الثقة 95% مما يدل على ان الطرق المقترحة والطريقة القياسية لا تختلفان بشكل ملحوظ في الدقة والتوافقية. | First chapter includes a general introduction on drugs, pharmaceutical analysis and some basic concepts, based on absorption of ultraviolet and visible light that used in this type of analysis. It had included an introduction to the diazo coupling reaction and its importance in spectrophotometric estimation of many pharmaceutical compounds, as well as the most important factors affecting on the stability. Also include general introduction on Schiff base reactions, the mechanism of this reaction, classification of Schiff base according to the donor groups, general introduction about Nitrazepam (NZP) drug and review of the analytical methods that have been used for the determination of Nitrazepam. Also general introduction about oxidative coupling reaction and its importance in spectrometric determination of many pharmaceutical compounds. Also, the most important mechanisms. General introduction about Chlorpromazine - Hydrochloride (CPZ) drug and review of the analytical methods that have been used for the determination of (CPZ). Second chapter : describes the instruments that have been used in this study, preparation of drugs solutions and their pharmaceutical formulations, also acids, bases and oxidizing agents solutions. And describs the standard methods of these drugs. Third chapter : describes two simple and sensitive methods for the determination of reduced nitrazepam (NZP) in aqueous solution, in its pure state and in pharmaceutical preparations after reducing nitro group ( - NO2) to the amine group ( - NH2) . The first method based on the coupling of reduced (NZP) with organic reagent (Thymol) in alkaline medium to give a stable orange azo - dye soluble in water that has maximum absorption at wavelength (477) nm.Beer's law was obeyed between (0.1 - 12) µg.ml - 1 , a molar absorptivity (2.264 * 104) L.mol - 1.cm - 1 , Sandal's sensitivity (0.0124) µg.ml - 2, the LOD was (0.02) µg.ml - 1 , LOQ was (0.072) µg.ml - 1 , average recovery was 99.52 %, and the average of relative standard deviation was 0.7323 %. The second method depends on coupling of reduced (NZP) with the organic reagent (p - Hydroxybenzaldehyde) to form orange Schiff base soluble in water that has maximum absorption at wavelength (484) nm.Beer's law was obeyed between (0.1 - 10) µg.ml - 1 , a molar absorptivity (3.14 * 104) L.mol - 1.cm - 1 , Sandal's sensitivity (0.0089) µg.ml - 2, the LOD was (0.029) µg.ml - 1 , LOQ was (0.098) µg.ml - 1 , average recovery was 99.9 %, and the average of relative standard deviation was 0.579 %. These two methods were applied successfully for the determination of reduced (NZP) in pharmaceutical formulations (tablets), the analytical results were compared with the claim content of pharmaceuticals and also with the standard method was used for determination of nitrazepam, evaluating the proposed methods results by using F and t - test. It was found results experimental F and t value at 95% confidence level did not exceed the critical values. This means the proposed methods do not differ significally in accuracy and validity with standard method. Also, this chapter described a simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) based on oxidative coupling reaction between (CPZ) and the reagent (2,5 - dimethoxyaniline) in the presence of oxidizing agent and acidic medium, to form blue complex soluble in water that has maximum absorption at wavelength (717) nm.Beer's law was obeyed between (0.05 - 14) µg.ml - 1 , a molar absorptivity (4.04 * 104) L.mol - 1.cm - 1 , Sandal's sensitivity (0.0087) µg.ml - 2, the LOD was (0.024) µg.ml - 1 , LOQ was (0.082) µg.ml - 1 , average recovery was 99.94 %, and the average of relative standard deviation was 0.149 %. This method was applied successfully for the determination of (CPZ) in pharmaceutical formulations (tablets and injection), the analytical results were compared with the claimed content of pharmaceuticals and also with the standard method was used for determination of (CPZ), evaluating the proposed method results by using F and t - test. It was found results experimental F and t value at 95% confidence level did not exceed the critical values. This means the proposed method do not differ significally in accuracy and validity with standard method

تحضير وتشخيص المركبات النانوية Nb2O5 /CdS ودراسة الامتزاز وفعالية المحفز الضوئي للايونات الفلزية الانتقالية == Synthesis, Characterization of Nb2O5 /CdS Nano Composites, and Study Sorption and Photocatalytic Activity of Transition Metal Ions

اسم المؤلف: زينة طالب عمران
اسم المشرف: ندى يحيى فيروز
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study includes preparation of nano composite catalyst Nb2O5\CdS at various ratios by using wet commixing method with changed calcination temperature 200, 500 and 800 ⁰C .The catalysts were characterized using X - rays diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Then used all of these ratio that calcinated at various temperature in degradation procedure of both Co (II) and Cu (II) from their aqueous solutions. It was found that the catalyst with a ratio of ( 0.85 : 0.15) and (0.75 : 0.25), which was calcinated at 800⁰C it’s the best ratios for Co(II) and Cu(II). Removal of Co (II) was examined after optimization of removal conditions, for example, mass of catalyst , pH of mixture, effect of temperature ,effect of concentration of Co (II) and effect of addition hydrogen peroxide . The best conditions for this case were pH=4, 0.1 g , 500ppm and temperature equal to30ºC, 0.1M of H2O2. Activation energy was calculated using Arrhenius plot and it was 26.28 kJ/mol.Study adsorption of Co(II) was examined after ideal of conditions for example effect of mass of catalyst , effect of concentration of Co (II), pH of mixture, effect of temperature . The ideal conditions for this case were 0.1 g , 500ppm , temperature equal to30ºC, pH=4, and. Activation energy was calculated using Arrhenius plot and it was 8.363 kJ.mol - 1Kinetics of this procedure was investigated and it was fitted with the pseudo first order kinetics. In addition to that, adsorption isotherms for this process were applied for both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The obtained results presented that it was agreedIIwith Freundlich adsorption model. Study thermodynamic parameters results exhibited that the negative values of ΔG( - 2.346, - 3.571 , - 4.697 , - 5.259 kJ/mol ) for temperature (15 ,20 ,23 ,30 )oC and the positive ΔH (+55.66kJ/mol) and ΔS (+0.201kJ/mol K) .Removal of Cu (II) was examined after ideal conditions such as mass of catalyst , pH of mixture, effect of temperature , effect of concentration of Cu (II) and effect of addition hydrogen peroxide . The ideal conditions for this case were 0.05 g, 500ppm, 30ºC , pH=3 ,0.1M of H2O2. Activation energy was calculated using Arrhenius plot and it was 9.814 kJ.mol - 1.Study adsorption of Cu (II) was investigated after best of conditions for example effect mass of catalyst , effect of concentration of Co (II),pH of mixture, effect of temperature . The ideal conditions for this case were 0.15 g , 500ppm ,30ºC, and pH=3. Activation energy was calculated using Arrhenius plot and it was 8.866 kJ.mol - 1Kinetics of this process was studied and it was fitted with the pseudo first order kinetics. In addition to that, adsorption isotherms for this procedure were applied for both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The obtained results presented that it was agreed with Freundlich adsorption model. Study thermodynamic parameters results exhibited that the negative values of ΔG( - 3.110, - 3.919, - 5.785 , - 8.300kJ/mol ) for temperature(15 ,20 ,23 ,30) oC and the positive ΔH (+58.42kJ/mol ) and ΔS (+0.213 kJ/mol K ) .

تصميم وحدة حقن جرياني جديدة لتقدير ايون اليوديد وايون الكرومات == Design new flow injection unit for the determination of iodide ion and chromate ion

اسم المؤلف: زهير صالح عبيد الشافعي
اسم المشرف: داخل ناصر طه الزركاني
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: he third chapter contains Several axis's is : The first axis is design FIA unit for determination of chromate ion , and of the work , their components and chosen the Optimum Design .* The second axis included study optimal conditions of system ( effect of flow rate , effect of reaction coil , sample loop , starch loop , calibration curve , reproducibility , dispersion coefficient , sampling rate and dead volume . after fixing the optimum conditions , detection limit ( 5 ppm ) , linearity was over the range of ( 10 ppm - 90 ppm ) and linearity coefficient ( R2 ) was ( 0.999 ) .* The three axis is using the same system in determination iodide ion after change the valve it was best results .* The four axis included study optimum conditions of new system ( effect of flow rate , effect of reaction coil , sample loop , starch loop , calibration curve , reproducibility , dispersion coefficient , sampling rate and dead volume . after fixing the optimum conditions , detection limit ( 3 ppm ) , linearity was over the range of ( 5 ppm - 70 ppm ) and linearity coefficient ( R2 ) was ( 0.9995 ) . also the study calibration curve of chromate in the new system , after fixing the optimum conditions , detection limit ( 3 ppm ) , linearity was over the range of ( 10 ppm - 90 ppm ) and linearity coefficient ( R2 ) was ( 0.998 ) .* The last axis included is study application on the tow system and the difference , system one been applied on aqueous solutions of chromate at ( 50 ppm , 70 ppm ) , system tow been applied on aqueous solution of chromate at ( 50 ppm , 70 ppm ) , Medicine chromium picolinate , aqueous solution of iodide at ( 15 ppm , 25 ppm ) and medicine Boviden iodid 4 %

تحقق نظري لاليات تفاعلات التحلل الضوئي لمركبات الهالوهيدروكربون في طبقة الستراتوسفير == Theoretical Investigation of Photolysis Reactions Mechanisms For Halo - Hydrocarbon Compounds In Stratospheric Layer

اسم المؤلف: رؤى عبد الحسين عبد العباس المسعودي
اسم المشرف: عباس عبد علي دريع الصالحي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم دراسة الية تفاعل نضوب الاوزون بتاثير ثلاث مركبات من هاليدات الهيدروكاربونات ( 1 - برومو - 1 - كلورو - 1,1 - ثنائي فلوروميثان و1 - كلورو - 2,2,2,1 - رباعي فلوروايثان و1,3 - ثنائي بروموبروبان) نظريا في الطور الغازي. حيث ان دراسة المحاكاة تضمنت مسالك تحلل ضوئي مختلفة. استخدمت مختلف طرائق الكم مثل الحسابات شبه التجريبية والحسابات الاساسية الاولية وحسابات نظرية دالة الكثافة. تم احتساب الفعالية الكيميائية والقيم الطاقية لجميع الاصناف الكيميائية التي شملتها الدراسة بواسطة سطوح جهد الطاقة ومعاملات الاواصر وعزوم ثنائية الاقطاب وطاقات الاوربيتالات الجزيئية وطاقة نقطة الصفر لاستبيان المسلك الاكثر احتمالا لتفاعلات التحلل الضوئي واقتراح ميكانيكية التفاعل. تم تقدير الدوال الثرموديناميكيه (∆S°, ∆G°, ∆H°) وطاقة التنشيط وثابت السرعة والتردد الخيالي مع نقطة الصفر لتقدير الحالة الانتقالية الحقيقية والاصناف الكيميائية الاكثر احتمالا بتفاعلات التحلل الضوئي والتي تشارك بميكانيكية نضوب الاوزون.وجد من خلال هذه الدراسة : - ان فجوة الطاقة بين الصيغ الكيميائية التركيبية للاوزون مساوية الى 33.195 كيلو سعره للمول الواحد مع اقل قيمة من حرارة التكوين للاوزون الزاوي والتي مقدارها 45.2773 كيلو سعره للمول الواحد لذلك ان صيغة الاوزون الزاوي (bent ozone) اكثر استقرارا من صيغة الاوزون الحلقي ويمكن ان تتفاعل مع هاليدات الهايدروكاربونات في توجهات فراغية مختلفة. يحصل تفاعل التحلل الضوئي لمركب بروموكلورو ثنائي فلوروميثان من خلال اصرة C - Br مع طاقة تنشيط مقدارها 46.954كيلو سعره للمول الواحد وانثالبي تفاعل مساوي الى 49.749 كيلو سعره للمول الواحد عند الظروف القياسية. تمت ميكانيكية استنزاف الاوزون بواسطة الجذور الحرة الكلور والبروم وثنائي فلوروميثل مع انثالبي تفاعل مقداره من - 48.99الى - 49.057 كيلو سعره للمول الواحد وثابت سرعه مساوي الى 5.34*1017, 6.914*1021 و7.43*1081 ثانيه - 1 لجذر البروم , الكلور وثنائي فلوروميثل على التوالي. ثلاث مولات من الاوزون استنزفت بواسطة مول واحد من مركب بروموكلورو ثنائي فلوروميثان. استنزاف الاوزون بواسطة 1 - كلورو - 2,2,2,1 - رباعي فلوروايثان يتم من خلال جذر الكلور عند طاقة ضوء مساوية الى 65.636 كيلو سعره للمول الواحد وطول موجي مقداره 407.8643 نانوميتر حيث ان مول واحد يستنزف ست مولات من الاوزون مع انثالبي تفاعل مساوي الى - 252.64 كيلو سعره للمول الواحد وطاقه حرة مقدارها - 291.376 كيلو سعره للمول الواحد.3,1 - ثنائي بروموبروبان يتفكك عند طول موجي مساوي الى 442.571 نانوميتر ليحرر جذر البروم وثلاثي بروموبروبان مع طاقة تنشيط مساوية الى 98.624 كيلو سعره للمول الواحد. الاصناف الفعالة الناتجة تستهلك الاوزون بمسالك تفاعل مختلفة لتعطي جذر الالكوكسي وواوكسيد البروم مع تكوين جزيء الاوكسجين بانثالبي تفاعل كلي مقداره - 157.9 كيلو سعره للمول الواحد. | Reaction mechanism study of ozone depletion has been carried out on three selected compounds of halo - hydrocarbons (1 - bromo - 1 - chloro - 1,1 - diflouromethane, 1 - Chloro - 1,2,2,2 - tetrafluoroethane, and 1,3 - dibromopropane) that’s achieved theoretically in the gas phase. The simulation study involves different photolysis reaction pathways. Different quantum methods such as semiempirical, Ab initio and density functional theory have been used in this study. The chemical reactivity and energetic properties of all chemical species that are involved in this study have been computed by the potential energy surface, bond parameters, dipoles moments, molecular orbital energies and zero point energy to estimate the most probable pathway of photolysis reaction to proposed the reaction mechanism. Thermodynamic functions (∆S°, ∆G°, ∆H°), activation energies, rate constant, the imaginary frequency with zero point energy to estimate the real transition state have been calculated to predict the most probable species through photolysis reactions that are contributing to ozone depletion mechanism. From this study, it is found that the energy gap between cyclic and bent ozone equal to 33.195 kCal mol - 1 and the lowest value of heat of formation of bent ozone which equal to 45.2773 kCal mol - 1 so, the bent ozone more stable than cyclic ozone and react with halo - hydrocarbons species in different orientations. The photolysis reaction of bromochlorodiflouromethane occurs through C - Br bond with an activation energy equal to 46.954 kCal mol - 1 and enthalpy change of reaction equal to 49.749 kCal mol - 1 at STP. The depletion mechanism is completed by bromine, chlorine and diflouromethyl radicals with enthalpy change of reaction fall in the range - (48.99 - 49.057) kCal mol - 1 and rate constant values for the reaction of these radicals with ozone equal to 5.34*1017, 6.914*1021, 7.43*1081 s - 1 for bromine, chlorine and diflouromethyl respectively, to deplete three moles of ozone by one mole of bromochlorodiflouromethane. Ozone depletion by 1 - Chloro - 1,2,2,2 - tetrafluoroethane occurs through chlorine radical at 65.636 kCal mol - 1(407.8643nm) of light energy where one mole of the compound destruct six moles of ozone with enthalpy change of reaction equal to - 252.64 kCal mol - 1, and free energy change equal to - 291.376 kCal mol - 1. 1,3 - dibromopropane breakdown at 442.571 nm of light wavelength to released bromine and 3 - bromopropane radicals with activation energy equal to 98.624 kCal mol - 1. 1,3 - dibromopropane exists in three isomers C2, C1 and C2V was found in this study that the isomer C2 is more stable with total energy being equal to - 26652.031 kCal mol - 1. The resulting reactive species consumed the ozone in different reaction pathways to give alkoxy and BrO radicals with the releasing of oxygen molecule with total enthalpy of reaction equal to - 157.9 kCal mol - 1.

تحضير وتشخيص ليكاندي ازو غير متجانسي الحلقة ومعقداتها مع بعض الايونات الفلزية == Preparation and Characterization of Heterocyclic Azo Ligands and Their Complexes with Some Metal Ions

اسم المؤلف: ايفان مالك شاكر الطالقاني
اسم المشرف: حسين عبد محمد | سعد مدلول مهدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The work covered the preparation of two new azo ligands, prepared the ligands (CAAP) and (TAAP) by coupling with the diazonium salt of the compound (4 - amino antipyrine) in 5% basic media.The prepared ligends were identified through techniques (FTIR, elementary analysis, UV - Visible and mass spectra).Conducted spectral study of a wide solvents three of the ions transition metals (Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II)) where he was appointed the optimal conditions for concentration (that obey beers - lambert law) and pH values enhanced ranged acidic functions of these solutions (7 - 9.5), And has benefit from that study for the purpose of spectral appoint molar ratios of the complexes to be prepared and the molar ratio was (1 : 2) for all the complexes prepared and both ligand two ways molar ratios and continuous variations.The preparation of complexes of new azo ligand was sure to complete the preparation by FTIR spectroscopy , elementary analysis and atomic absorption. Electrical molar conductivity results showed that the complex ionic (1 : 1) and using three solvents (DMF, DMSO, EtOH).Magnetic susceptibility data agreed with the present of (three odd electrons for cobalt(II) complexes, two odd electron for nickel(II) complexes & odd electron for copper(II) complexes)According to the results of the study combined could suggest the octahedral geometric and the presence of one coordination water molecule coordination sphere inside.

دراسات حركية ثرموديناميكية لانزيم الكلوتاثيون الناقل المنقى جزئيا من مصل دم الانسان مع تاثير بعض ادوية علاج السكري

اسم المؤلف: غفران عبد عمران عبد الرضا محمد الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: عودة مزعل ياسر الزاملي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study involved (30) Person healthy (15males & 15 femals) the ages were between (20 - 25) years were obtained on samples of students from the university of Babylon / College of Science in Babel province, Iraq has been selected as control group without chronic disease and without smoking.This study attempt isolate GST enzyme from serum human .The partial purification of glutathione - S - Transferase were done using DEAE - Cellulose ,Then purification steps include precipitation by ammonium sulfate 70%, The specific activity was 0.244 U/mg protein and purification degree 1.07 folds and stepwise of Di ethyl amino ethyl - cellulose chromatography and further purified with DEAE - Cellulose column chromatography. The enzyme was apply on DEAE - Cellulose (1.5×30cm) and flow rate 1ml/min and The specific activity was 0.314 U/mg protein with recovery 55.14% and purification degree 1.50 folds.then the glutathione - S - transferase enzyme purified also from serum human by using pre - packed column affinity chromatography by containing glutathione Sepharose 4% and compare specific activity between two separation ways the activity of GST enzyme result from affinity column were more by using ion exchange column and measured of enzyme activity at 340nm by using CDNB as substrate of GST enzyme .The electrophoresis of the partial from human serum from ion - exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography in polyacrylamide gel was found that it was one protein band by using SDS - PAGE analysis by usingenzyme GST result from ion - exchange chromatography 27.7KD and affinity chromatography found (28KD). This study involved also some kinetic studies of GST , maximum activity for GST enzyme was obtained using 22.463mmol/L of 1 - chloro - 2,4 - dinitrobenzene (CDNB)as substrate ,the enzyme showed maximum activityat 35 and optimum pH at 6.8 and time at 12 minutes in incubation at 35 . Using Lineweaver - Burk plot the maximum velocity (Vmax ) and Michaelis constant Km were (11.12mmol/liter) and Vmax (1.254μmol/min) respectively .The thermodynamic constants of activation , were determined by using Arrhenius plot and found to be (35.906kJ. mol - 1, 31.73kJ.mol - 1, - 1.729 kJ.mol - 1.k ,551.40 kJ.mol - 1.k) respectively .Metformin and Dionial inhibition on the GST activity were found that , this lead to drugs effect on enzyme GST.Where showed result that non comparative inhibitor at metformin and showed that comparative inhibitor at dionial .

الاستخلاص بنقطة الغيمة لتقدير الكلور امفينيكول طيفيا في المستحضرات الصيدلانية == CLOUD POINT EXTRACTION FOR THE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF CHLORAMPHENICOL IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS

اسم المؤلف: ضياء يحيى عزيز الحميدي
اسم المشرف: عباس نور محمد الشريفي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In this thesis chloramphenicol drug was determined by three methods with spectrophotometric technique.In the first method chloramphenicol was reacted with p - N,NDimethyl - aminobenzaldehyde and form yellow Schiff base product which gave higher absorbance at 436.5 nm. Schiff base reaction occurs between two compounds, one contains amino group and the other contains carbonyl group but chloramphenicol is nitro compound therefore it must convert nitro group in drug to amino group therefore reduction process to nitro group necessary for convert it to amino group.Therefore optimum conditions of reduction process were studied to know exactly the volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid which will give higher absorbance of product. Also amount of zinc, temperature of heating and time from heating during the reduction process were studied. Other optimum conditions of reaction also were studied and Calibration curve constructed and regression equation known (y = 0.0556x + 0.0246), also range of concentration which obeys Beer - Lambert Law was (0.1 - 12)ppm, Molar absorptivity (1.8 * 104 ), Sandell's sensitivity (1.8 * 10 - 2), LOD and LOQ (0.037) and (0.124) respectively. also other studies were performed such as accuracy and precision, Molar ratio method, continues variation method, reaction mechanism, Stability constant of product, Analytical applications and t - test and F - test. The proposed method was successfully in determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) in pharmaceutical preparations with good values of recovery presents (97.6% - 102.5%) and Relative Error E% between ( - 2.351 - 2.562).In the second method, chloramphenicol was reacted with 1,2 - Naphthoquinone - 4 - Sulphonic Acid Sodium Salt in basic medium by condensation reaction and form orange - red product which gave higher absorbance at 489 nm.Optimum conditions of reaction were studied and Calibration curve constructed and regression equation known (y = 0.0577x - 0.0006), also range of concentration which obeys Beer - Lambert Law was (1 - 9)ppm, Molar absorptivity (1.86 * 104), Sandell's sensitive (1.73* 10 - 2), LOD and LOQ (0.068) and (0.207) respectively. Also other studies were performed such accuracy and precision, Molar ratio method ,continues variation method, reaction mechanism, stability constant of product, analytical applications and t - test and F - test. The proposed method was successfully in determination CAP in pharmaceutical preparations with good values of recovery presents (96.149% - 103.307%) and Relative Error E% between ( - 3.851 - 3.307) In the third method, cloud point extraction was applied by extractingthe product used in the second method because there is interaction between the alkaline medium and reagent, this the interaction leads to develop colored reagent and some of radiation absorbed at maximum wavelength of product therefore used cloud point extraction to remove the interference and enhancing sensitivity of method and increasing stability of product.Chloramphenicol was reacted with 1,2 - Naphthoquinone - 4 - Sulphonic Acid Sodium Salt in basic medium by condensation reaction forming orange - red product by using same optimum condition of reaction in the second method then the product was extracted from the solution by using cloud point extraction technique.Optimum conditions of cloud point extraction were studied and Calibration curve was constructed and regression equation known (y = 0.2318x + 0.0639), the range of concentration that obeys Beer - Lambert Law was (0.1 - 6) ppm, Molar absorptivity (7.49 * 104), Sandell's sensitivity (4.31* 10 - 3), LOD and LOQ (0.032) ppm and (0.097)ppm respectively. Also Recovery of solute ( was(99.92), preconcentration factor (fc) (3.33333) and phase volume ratio (Rv) (0.3), also other studies were performed such accuracy and precision, analytical applications and test and F - test. The proposed method was successful in determine chloramphenicol (CAP) in pharmaceutical preparations with good values of recovery percent (96.091% - 101.834%) and Relative Error E% between ( - 3.909 - 1.834).Finally, this thesis presented a proposal for a new way to deal with the data in the analytical methods, which includes the new equations to find a slop and y - intercept of a straight line equation as well as introduced new parameters to determine the best linear correlation between the results, it is average of recovery (Arec), the sum of the absolute values of the relative error (SARE) in concentration computed as well as the average of the absolute values of relative error ( AARE) that gives the best results and more accurate than the usual equation.

البلمرة التكاثفية للبنتااريثريتول مع حامض الفثاليك اللامائي وتحويرة ودراسة خواصة == Condensation Polymerization of Pentaerythritol with Phthalic Anhydride and Modification and Study of its Properties

اسم المؤلف: رواء حفظي زعولي
اسم المشرف: محمد ناظم بهجت | ناظر نجم عبد الله
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن البحث تحضير الكوبوليمر المحور بخطوتين : الخطوة الاولى ، تتضمن تحضير بوليمرتكاثفي باستخدام بنتا اريتريتول وانهيدرايد الفثالك وانهيدريد الماليئك بواسطة عملية الاسترة .ان الهيكل التركيبي للبوليمر المشترك المحور الذي حصلنا عليه ، كما يلي : وشخص البوليمر المحضر بواسطة مطيافية FTIR وHNMR الخطوة الثانية ، تتضمن تحضير راتنج ذو قوام شرابي باضافة (1مول،1.5مول ،2 مول) مونومير حامض الاكريلك على التوالي الى البوليمر ، لنحصل على تلاثة انواع من الراتنج .تضمن العمل عدد من الفحوصات مثل ، الانتفاخية في الماء والتولوين والايثانول في درجات حرارية مختلفة ، الانتفاخية في محلولي بفر ذوPH مختلف وخواص قوة الشد. تم حساب معاملات الانتفاخية في الماء والتولوين والايثانول،حيث وجد ان محتوى الماء في الهلام المائي يزداد بزيادة زمن الانتفاخية . كذلك تم دراسة تا ثير درجة الحرارة على الانتفاخية في الماء والتولوين والايثانول عند درجات حرارية مختلفة تتراوح مابين 298 - 318 كلفن . تزداد معاملات الانتفاخية بزيادة درجة الحرارة وكذلك فان الكسر الحجمي للراتنج (2 Ф) تقل بزيادة درجة الحرارة .من خلال اختبارات الشد ، لوحظ ان البوليمر المحضرذو سلوك ميكانيكي لين - ضعيف للراتنج المحتوي على الاكريلك اسد. | In this work, a new modified Co - polymer was prepared by condensation polymerization by using phthalic anhydride, pentaerythritol and maleic anhydride through esterification reaction.The structure of modified co - polymer was : Identification of modified polyester resin by FT - IR, 1H - NMRA preparation of pourable syrup resins by the addition of (1, 1.5 and 2 moles) acrylic acid monomer respectively, to the modified polymer, to give three types of resins.Many tests were carried out, i.e., swelling degree in water, toluene and ethanol at different temperatures, and swelling at two different PH. Also the tensile properties of the prepared polymers have been studded.The swelling parameters in water, ethanol and toluene were calculated. The water content, of hydrogels increased with increasing time of swelling. The effect of temperature on the swelling in water, ethanol and toluene at different temperatures ranging from 298 to 318 K was also studied. The water, ethanol and toluene content have been increased with increasing temperature. While the volume fraction of the resins (Ф2) have been decreased with increasing temperatures. From the tensile tests, it was found that the prepared polymer; have soft - weak behavior.

فصل انزيم اللايبوكسيجينيز من مصل الرجال الاصحاء ومعاملة خارجية للانزيم في مرضى الربو == Separation of Lipoxygenase from Sera of Healthy men and in Vitro Treatment of Enzyme in Asthmatic Patients

اسم المؤلف: احمد جياد عباس البرقعاوي
اسم المشرف: عودة مزعل ياسر الزاملي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study is concerned with asthma. Sixty seven asthmatic male patients were examined and tested , their age ranged from 10 - 65 years and they previously diagnosed as asthmatic patient under the physician supervision in AL - Hilla center of Allergy and Asthma . They have the disease for more than five years. Forty patients were examined during the period between July2015 to October 2015, and twenty seven patients were examined during period between June to August 2016, also the control group consisted of sixty seven healthy males ranged from 10 - 65 years.In this study asthmatic patients were divided into three groups according to medication , the first group consisted of (17) asthmatic patients taking antihistamines such as loratadine , citrizine and allermine , while the second group included (24) asthmatic patients taking montelukast , and the third group included (26) asthmatic patients who were on different drugs other than antihistamines and montelukast such as steroids and beta agonists .Five milliliters of blood were obtained from each patient, serum collected absolutely free from hemolysis stored at - 20 °C until uses for measurement of the concentrations of Glutathione, Malondialdehyde, Catalase, Histamine, Serotonin, Lipoxygenase - 5, Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase, total Immunoglobulin E and specific immunoglobulin E.The results revealed that the mean of IgE level (measured by ELISA system)in serum of asthmatic group was (368.16 ±1.772 ng/ml) versus the control group (138.9±2.515 ng/ml) with a significant difference,)P < 0.001(. Asthmatic patients and patients treated with pharmacological drugs such as montelukast and antihistamines showed high sensitivity to some food, animals, plant, palm pollen, fungal and mite allergen and they showed different values between patients and control. The study showed that there is no association between the increased sensitization to food, animal, plant and fungal allergens with age of patients.The present study showed the relationship of count blood cells (WBC and RBC) in studied groups. In all studied groups, WBC values higher than control group while the RBC values showed little differences among all studied groups.According to levels of some variables (histamine, serotonin, LOX - 5 and LTA4H) in asthmatic patients, the results showed a higher mean value of serotonin in asthmatic patients (0.023± 0.004 ng /ml) compared with control group (0.002± 0.001 ng/ml, p˂0.001) In addition the value of histamine was observed high in asthmatic patients (8.511± 0.410 ng /ml)while the control group was (2.565 ± 0.140 ng/ ml) with a significant difference of the mean value of histamine between asthmatic patients and control group (p˂0.001). LOX - 5 level in serum of asthmatic patients was higher (11.080 ± 0. 190 ng/ml) than in control group (9.821 ± 0.203 ng/ml, p˂0.001.The data revealed significant high mean value of LTA4H in asthmatic patients (24.148 ± 0 .450 ng/ml) compared with control group (18.912 ± 0.459 ng/ml, p˂0.001).The result showed that histamine level was increased in the group (>40 years) with a mean value (9.67 ± 4.25 ng /ml ) . While LOX - 5 showed high mean value (11.532 ± 1.274) in the group 20 - 40 years . Also LTA4H enzyme showed high mean value (25.54 ± 3.504 ng/ml)in the group 20 - 40 years , while serotonin appeared with high mean value (0.027± 0.015 ng/ml) in the group (< 20 years) with a significant difference between levels of these variables in each age group (p ˂ 0.001)The mean concentration of an antioxidant, Glutathione(GSH), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum of asthmatic patient and control groups. The mean concentration of MDA increased in asthmatic patients (11.317 ± 1.096 μmol/l) more than control group(8.733 ± 3.756 μmol/l)with a significant difference between these groups (p < 0.05). The mean concentration of GSH increased was in the control (5.106 ± 3.197 μmol/l) more than asthmatic patients(3.905 ± 1.638 μmol/l, p < 0.05).According to the results of the present study, the mean activity of catalase(CAT) was higher (1.555±0.982 U/l) in asthmatic patients when compared with control group(1.173 ± 0.502 U/l, p < 0.05).The current study also concerned with the extrection of lipoxygenase from serum of asthmatic patient and healthy men by taking 15 ml serum from ten asthmatic patients men and 15 ml from serum of ten healthy men. And these quantities of serum were precipitated by ammonium sulfate, The best ratio for precipitating serum and extraction of enzyme is 60%. The anion exchange chromatography was used for extraction of the enzyme. The molecular weight of the extracted enzyme was determined by SDS - PAGE . In this procedure one subunit of the extracted LOXs enzyme showed a molecular weight of 35KD for one chain while a recombinant pure human LOX - 5 showed a molecular weight of 38 KD. The current study used NATIVEN technique for purification of the extracted enzyme obtained from ion exchange chromatography.The results revealed the optimum pH and temperature for LOXs activity and they were 8 and 40°C, respectively.The velocity constant and maximum velocity of the extracted Lipoxygenase enzyme was detected by using PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH SYSTEM, this system had the ability to obtain the relationship between conductivity and concentration (an increase in concentration lead to an increase in conductivity).The extracted lipoxygenase enzyme Km was 2.2mM and Vmax= 140mM/min in asthmatic patients and Km was 2.7mM and Vmax= 135mM/min in controls (by applying Michaelis - Menten equation).While the enzyme Km= 5.5mM and Vmax= 238mM/min in asthmatic patients and Km= 5 mM and Vmax= 208 mM/min in controls (by applying Lineweaver - Burk equation).The extracted LOXs from asthmatic patients and controls was treated with montelukast. The Km and Vmax appeared to have low values Km 3.6mM and Vmax 153mM/min and Km 3.7mM and Vmax 147mM/min, respectively. Also the extracted LOXs from asthmatic patients and controls was treated with molsiodomine, showed low values Km 4.4mM and Vmax 182 mM/min and Km 4.3mM and Vmax 166 mM/min, respectively.

دراسة التاثيرات الانجابية لبعض العناصر النزرة على العقم عند الرجال في محافظة ذي قار - العراق == Reproductive Effects of Some Trace Elements On Male Infertility, In Thi - Qar Governorate/Iraq

اسم المؤلف: ملاك حريز نعيم الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: ساجد حسن كزار | ايناس صالح جواد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:

تحضير وتشخيص وتقييم الفعالية البايولوجية لبعض مركبات الفورمازان المشتقة من قواعد شف ومركبات الازو الجديدة ومعقداتها مع الكادميوم الثنائي II == Synthesis , Charactrization and Evaluation Biological Activity of some New Formazan Compounds Derived from Schiff Bases and Azo Compounds and Their Complexes With Cadmium(II)

اسم المؤلف: محمد عبد الحسن شلال
اسم المشرف: حيدر عباس مهدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The letter includes the preparation of twenty new derivatives of Formazan compounds that include Schiff bases associated with AZO compounds.The spectrum of spectroscopy (FT.IR) for all compounds, the NMR spectrum, the NMR spectrum of NMR and the CHIS for all compounds and the identification of some of their physical properties such as grade (TPC), and then to prepare four complexes (two of them for morphine and two forformas) as complexes with cadmium ion, to determine optimal conditions for complex formation and then to measure the molecular conductivity of the complex as well as the electronic measurements Wa For magnetic sensitivity. And then studying of biological activity. For some of these vehicles the research has included two main parts : section One : I attended and identified a group of derivatives (Schiff bases) and then were linked through the interaction of the nuts under certain conditions for the preparation of new Formazan compounds containing (Schiff bases - AZO compounds) on the same compound and then attended four complexes of two Schiff bases and two of the Lycandat Formazan The new vehicles have been identified above Section Two : This part of the work was studied by studying the vital effectiveness of some compounds. Schiff bases and Formazan compounds were selected to determine the effect of the active groups of the compound on inhibiting the biological activity of the microorganisms studied in this thesis

تحضير وتشخيص بعض مشتقات قواعد شف والفورمازانات ومعقداتهما واستخدامهما في استخلاص ايون Cr+6 بطريقة استخلاص نقطة الغيمة == Preparation and Characterization of some Schiff base and formazans derivatives and their Complexes and using them in the Extraction of (Cr+6) Ion By Mothed Cloud - Point Extraction

اسم المؤلف: بتول مهدي صالح
اسم المشرف: ساهر عبد الرضا علي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study includes the preparation of ten ligands and it′s complexs : Ligand L4 (N - (4 - ((2 - (phenylcarbamothioyl)hydrazono)methyl)phenyl) acetamide) was prepared by the condensation of (4 - acetamido benzaldehyde) with (4 - phenylthiosemi carbazide). Ligand L5 (1, 3 - bis (2 - hydroxy - 3 - methoxy - (E) - benzylideneamino) eurea) was prepared by the condensation of (o - vanillin) with (carbohydrazide). Formazan F1 (1 - benzoyl - 3 - (2 - hydroxyphenyl) - 5 - phenylformazan) is prepared from coupling the diazonium salt with (L1) proportions Molar (1 : 1). Formazan F2 (3 - (2 - hydroxyphenyl) - 1 - nicotinyl - 5 - phenyl formazan) was prepared by coupling the diazonium salt with (L2) proportions Molar (1 : 1).Complexes were prepared for (L3), (F1) and (F2) by interaction with the salts of the elements NiCl2.6H2O, CoCl2.6H2O, CdCl2.6H2O, CrCl3.6H2O. The ligands and it′s complexes were characterized by using Elemental Analysis (C.H.N) Infrared Spectroscopy(FT - IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H - NMR) , Mass Spectra and Molar Electrical Conductivity and the results were identical to what is expected scientifically. The spatial shape of the complexes prepared is (octahedral). (ligand L1 and formazan F1) on distribution ratio values and percentage of extraction, where results showed that percentage values and distribution ratio in this way increase with increasing concentration of (L1 and F1) where he found that the best distribution ratio (D) and percentage (% E) to extract ion(Cr+6) when concentration (L1 & F1) is (5 * 10 - 4 M).

تحضير , تشخيص ودراسة بيولوجية لمشتقات جديدة من 4,3,1 - ثايادايازول ومعقداتها مع بعض ايونات العناصر الانتقالية == Preparation , Characterization and biological study of new derivatives of 1,3 , 4 - Thiadiazole and their complexes with some transitional element ions

اسم المؤلف: نعيم عبد السادة بشير الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم عبود فليفل
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study involves preparation of three new ligands derived from the thiadiazole (2,5 - dihydrazineyl - 1,3,4 - thiadiazol) with 1H - indole - 2,3 - dione (Isatin) by the ratio (1 : 2). the ligands L1 and L2 were synthesized from the reaction between thiadiazole derivative with (Benzophenone) by the ratio (1 : 2). The ligand L3 was prepared from thiadiazole derivative and (3 - aminoacetophenone) by the ratio (1 : 2), the following are the structural formulas of the prepared ligands : Prepared the complexes of the transitional elements ions [Cr+3, Fe+3, Co+2, Ni+2 and Cu+2] with ligands (L1, L2 and L3), where the ligands and their complexes characterization by precision analysis of elements (C.H.N.), Infrared spectrum (FT - IR), proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H - NMR), Mass spectrometry, measurement magnetic sensitivity and measurement molarconductivity the results were practical exactly matching with the molecular and structural formulas of the proposed compounds. Hyperchem was used to draw ligands and their complexes and to show the distribution of electronic density. The data indicates that the configuration of the complexes {[CrL1Cl3], [FeL1 3] , [CoL1 3]}, {[CrL2 3], [FeL2 3] ,[CoL2Cl3]} {[Cr(L3)2Cl ]Cl, 3)2Cl2] and [Co(L )2Cl2]Cl} are octahedral , while the proposed configuration of the complexes {[NiL Cl2], 1Cl2]}, [NiL2Cl2] [CuL2Cl ]} ,{[NiL Cl2] and [CuL3Cl2 are square planer. A study was conducted testing the biological activity for the prepared ligands and their complexes against two types of bacteria (staphylococcus aureus) and (Escherichia coli) compared to the standard inhibitor (Ciprofloxacin), the obtained results confirmed the biological effectiveness of prepared preparations except for the third ligand higher than standard inhibitor (Cipro) towards the bacteria (Escherichia coli), the following complexes also showed (A5, C5, C4, C3 and C1) biological effectiveness towards the bacteria (Escherichia coli) higher than standard inhibitor (Cipro), while the rest complexes showed less effectiveness than the standard inhibitor (Cipro) ) 4and A 3, A2(A ) except the complexesEscherichia colitowards the bacteria (where don't showed any biological effectiveness. Also the study confirmed that ligands and their complexes did not show any biological activity towards the bacteria (staphylococcus aureus).

استخلاص وتشخيص ودراسة كيموحيوية لبعض الزيوت الاساسية في نبات الرشاد البري في مدينة الناصرية / العراق

اسم المؤلف: مريم ماجد كاظم الحسيناوي
اسم المشرف: حسام محمد كريدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:

تحضير وتشخيص وتقيم الفعالية البيولوجية لبعض مركبات الفورمازان المشتقة من قواعد شف الجديدة ومعقداتها مع بعض العناصر الانتقالية == Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of some new Formazan compounds derived from Schiff Bases and their complexes with some transition Metals.

اسم المؤلف: اعراف محمود داود
اسم المشرف: حيدر عباس مهدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This thesis contains three chapters represents, the first chapter introduction and interested in studying the chemistry of schiff base and derivatives of formazan, their complexes in terms of their characteristics, importance and synthesis.The second chapter is interested in describing the chemicals and procedures used in the synthesis of the required compounds, and the study of physical measurements, synthesis methods of compounds and evaluation as well as the biological activity.In this research, four new derivatives of formazan (L3, L4, L5 - 4d), which synthesized from the reaction of Diazonium salt amine with suitable Schiff base (L1, L2 - 2d). The Schiff base can product of different primary amines with several aromatic aldehyde and synthesized both of the (Schiff bases, formazans) suitable complexes.The third chapter Results and Discussion, identified synthesized formazan derivatives as well as Schiff bases prefix and its complexes by appropriate spectral methods including of infrared spectroscopy (FT - IR) for all compounds, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrum (1H - NMR) for all compounds Microanalysis (CHNS) for the majority of compounds as well as Mass spectra. For all complexes were recording certain physical properties, such as melting point (m.p.). Monitoring progress of the chemical reaction by using thin chromatography layer (TLC). We synthesis eight complexes (three from Schiff bases and five from formazan derivatives) were complexes with ions (Co, Ni, Cd), then measuring the molar conductivity of complexes. Then study the biological effectiveness for some compounds have been chosen complexes Schiff bases, as well as formazan complexes to determine the effect of active groups in these compounds to evaluate the efficiency ofXIthe compounds against different type of bacteria.The research also includes a test of biological effectiveness of the prepared ligands and their metallic complexes, where we study response inhibitory to the three types of bacteria, a gram positive type of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureuse) and gram negative type of the bacteria (Escherichia Coli and salmonella species) and compared with the standard inhibitor (Cipro).The biological effectiveness swohs positive results as it was noted The ligand L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 and Schiff base 4d Showed lower efficiency than the standard inhibitor trend three types of bacteria. The prepared complexes from ligands appeared high effective than the effectiveness of the ligands itself The formazan (L3, L4, L5 dna 2d) appeared high effective than the effectiveness of the prepared Schiff base

تخليق وتشخيص بعض المركبات الاحادية والثنائية للكاما لاكتام والثايزوليدينون == SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME MONO AND BIS ? - LACTAMS AND THIAZOLIDINONES COMPOUNDS

اسم المؤلف: اصالة سلام جبر
اسم المشرف: محمود شاكر مكطوف التميمي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study is concerned with the synthesis and characterization of mono, bis γ - lactams 3(a - h) and mono, bis Thiazolidinone 4(a - i). The structures of the prepared compounds are confirmed by the spectral data include FT - IR spectroscopy , 1H - NMR spectroscopy , 13C - NMR spectroscopy, Mass spectroscopy.Mono and bis γ - Lactams are prepared by reacting Phenyl succinic anhydride with the appropriate Schiff base , in dry chloroform. The obtained mono and bis γ - lactams 3(a - g) is in moderate yields (51 - 75%).The FT - IR spectra showed an absorption bands at (1636 - 1692 cm - 1) attributed to amide carbonyl group ( - N - C=O), and at (1699 - 1733 cm - 1) carboxylic group which attributed (COOH) . The 1H - NMR spectra of compounds 3(a - g),show signals of the aliphatic protons at rang (3.356 - 4.02) ppm and signals for aromatic protons at rang (7.202 - 8.218) ppm. The 13C - NMR spectra of compounds 3(a - e), show signal at rang (171.30 - 178.58) ppm which related amide carbon ( - N - C=O), and at rang (178.32 - 182.16) ppm carboxylic carbon (COOH).Mono and bis Thiazolidinones are prepared by the reaction of thioglycolic acid with Schiff base, in dry benzene. The produced Thiazolidinones 4(a - f) is in moderate yields (55 - 78%).The FT - IR spectra showed an absorption band at (1654 - 1691 cm - 1) attributed to carbonyl group which is related to ( - N - C=O). The 1H - NMR spectra show signals of the aliphatic protons at rang (4.2 - 7.1) ppm and signals for aromatic protons at rang (7.352 - 8.015) ppm. The 13C - NMR spectra show signals at rang (172.32 - 179.52) ppm which is related to amide carbonyl group ( - N - C=O).

دراسة مستويات مصل الهوموسيستين وعلاقته مع بعض انزيمات القلب في المرضى الذين يعانون من احتشاء عضلة القلب في محافظة ذي قار - العراق == Study of Serum Homocysteine levels and Its Correlation with Some Cardiac Enzymes in Patients with Myocardial Infarction In Thi - Qar Province/Iraq

اسم المؤلف: اديان سعد حمزة
اسم المشرف: محمد عجة عودة
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the medical term for an event commonly known as heart attack. An MI occurs when blood stops flowing properly to a part of the heart, and the heart muscle is injured because it is not receiving enough oxygen. Biochemical tests are restricted to monitoring cardiac enzymes activities. Therefore, introducing homocysteine test in hospitals for MI patients may provide a clearer picture on the patient condition and help in the disease management.The study was conducted during the period from October 2015 till August 2016. Sixty - three of the people who have a history of injury in the acute myocardial infarction are studied. The diagnosis is based on the clinical presentation and confirmed by ECG, and cardiac enzyme. Forty - eight of persons as healthy volunteers were selected as a control group.The results indicated the following : The proportion of patients male (57%) and females (43%), smokers (49%) and non - smokers (51%), most of them are females. The results also showed that (32%) live in cities, compared to (68%) live in rural areas, and patients Serum homocysteine was significantly higher in MI patients compared to the control group. Homocysteine levels were higher in smokers(p = 0.0001). and unemployed individuals(p < 0.0001)., as well as in individuals with family history of MI or CAD(p < 0.0001). High hypertensive, diabetic and obese individuals had also higher levels of homocysteine . Based on the results of this study suggested measuring the amino acid Homocysteine levels of security as one of the effective ways to diagnose patients with myocardial infarction in hospitals

دراسة كيمو حيوية مقارنه للاجهاد التاكسدي وانماط الدهون في المرضى كبار السن المصابين بمرض الارتجاف الاذني في محافظة ذي قار العراق == A Biochemical Comparative Study of Oxidative Stress and Lipid Profile in Elderly Patients With Atrial Fibrillation in Thi - Qar Governorate/Iraq

اسم المؤلف: سارة عاشور ساير
اسم المشرف: رائد معلك حنون الصالح | عدنان الطعان الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in the general population, and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Lifetime risk for development of AF has been estimated to 1 in 4 in individuals aged 40 years or more.The present study is designed to determine the levels of oxidative stress by measuring lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde MDA), antioxidant state by measuring some antioxidants such as (ceruloplasmin Cp, Transferrin Tf, albumin Alb ,uric acid Ua) ,in addition to lipid profile (cholesterol TC, triglyceride TG, high density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL - C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL - C and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol VLDL - C) in atrial fibrillation patients .The study included (150) subjects; (75) normal subjects (control) and (75) patients with atrial fibrillation. The patients are divided into two groups according to the age : (39) elderly patients [the age range (60 - 80) years] and (36) others patients [the age range (20 - 59) years], also patients are divided in to two groups according to the age with one or more risk factor (Hypertention (HTN), Ischemic Heart Disease(IHD), Heart Hailure (HF)) : elderly which included (18) patients (lone AF) , (21) patients (AF with HTN, IHD, HF) and others which included (17) patients (lone AF), (19) patients (AF with HTN, IHD, HF).The normal subjects (control) also divided into two groups according to the age : elderly [the age range (60 - 80) years] and others [the age range (20 - 59) years] .According to age, the results shown significant increase in the concentration of serum (MDA, Cp, uric acid, TC, TG, VLDL - C, LDL - C ) in elderly and other groups in comparison with their control groups (p≤0.05). It was found significant increase in the concentration of serum MDA in elderly group in comparison with other group, also it was found significant increase in the concentration of serum uric acid in control elderly group in comparison withXIVcontrol other group (p≤0.05). The results also showed non significant differences in the concentration of serum (Cp, uric acid, TC,TG, LDL - C, VLDL - C) between elderly and other groups. It was also found non significant differences in the concentration of serum ( Cp, TC, TG, LDL - C, VLDL - C) between control elderly and control other groups (p≤0.05). While serum Alb , serum Tf and serum HDL - C concentrations show a significant decrease in elderly and other groups in comparison with their control groups (p≤0.05). The results showed significant decrease in the concentration of serum HDL - C in control elderly group in comparison with control other group. Also there were no significant differences in the concentration of serum Alb serum Tf and serum HDL - C between elderly and others groups (p≤0.05).According to the age with one or more risk factor (HTN, IHD, HF) the results show a significant increase in the concentration of serum (MDA, Cp , uric acid, TC, TG, VLDL - C , LDL - C ) in elderly and other groups in comparison with their control groups (p≤0.05). It was found a significant increase in the concentration of serum MDA in the groups AF and AF with HTN, IHD, HF ( in elderly groups) in comparison with groups AF and AF with HTN, IHD, HF (in other groups) respectively (p≤0.05). It was also found a significant increase in the concentration of serum uric acid in control elderly groups in comparison with control other groups , also there were no significant differences in the concentration of serum (CP ,TC , TG ,VLDL - C, LDL - C) between elderly and other groups (p≤0.05). serum Alb ,serum Tf and serum HDL - C show a significant decrease in elderly and other groups in comparison with their control groups, also there was significant decrease in the concentration of serum HDL - C in control elderly groups in comparison with control other groups (p≤0.05). It was also found non significant differences in the concentration of serum Alb and serum Tf between elderly and other groups (p≤0.05).
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