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دراسة الملف المصلي وتقييم بعض الخصائص المناعية لدى مرضى الحزام الناري == Serum Profile Study And Evaluation Of Some Immune Features Among Patients With Shingles

اسم المؤلف: زينب عبد النبي طليفح النصراوي
اسم المشرف: حبيب صاحب نهر | محمد كاظم طاهر الحطاب
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية للفترة من 1شباط 2015 لغاية 3شباط 2016 وجمعت خلالها عينات المرضى المصابين بالحزام الناري من قسم الامراض الجلدية في العيادات الاستشارية في مستشفى مرجان التعليمي للتحري عن بعض الجوانب المناعية في المرضى, وكان العدد الكلي للمرضى 50 مريضا | This study was conducted during the period from 1st February 2015 to 3rd February 2016, and the samples were collected from dermatology department of the consultant clinic in Marjan Teaching Hospital to investigate certain immunological markers of patients with shingles. The total number of patients were whose their ages ranges were 14 - 80 years. Age group (40 - 61) years have the highest percentage of infection reaching 46%.The immunofluorescence test for Varicella Zoster virus - specific IgG showed 48 out 50 are positive(96%). The higher percentage of infection with shingles was in female (54%), while male patients the percentage was(46%).The results showed that patients with blood group (O+) have 50% of infection rate.When CD4 was investigated by ELISA test , the results showed that the mean± SD of serum level of CD4 in shingles patients and control group is (6.70± 0.97 and 9.36±2.02) ng/ml respectively. The concentration of CD4 was lower in patients with shingles than healthy control group, while concentration of CD8 and CD56were higher than healthy control group ( the mean± SD of serum level of CD8 in shingles patients and control group was 21.42±5.43 and19.11±3.29 ng /ml respectively, whereas the mean ± SD of CD56 concentration in shingles and control group were 107.58± 40.39 and 67.59 ± 36.31 ng/ml, respectively).The results also showed that the concentrations of IFN ? and TNF? were lower in patients with shingles compared with non - infected persons , as the following : the mean± SD of serum level of IFN ? in shingles patients and control group was 184.31±21.95 and 218.03±26.21 pg /ml respectively, and the mean ± SD of TNF? concentration in shingles and control group were 51.55± 5.14 and 62.35 ± 6.74 pg/ml, respectively. For IL 10, the concentration was higher in patients with shingles than that in the healthy control group; the mean± SD of serum level of IL 10 in shingles patients and control group was12.42±5.59 and 4.47±0.90 pg /ml respectively. This study was concluded following : • Gender represents a risk factor for the occurrence of shingles mainly at ages over 40 years old (higher in females than males).• Varicella Zoster virus specific IgG is a sensitive and specific test that can be used for the laboratory diagnosis of shingles.• Varicella Zoster virus reactivation has a suggested link with decreased level of soluble CD4 molecules and, for lesser extend with increased soluble CD8 and CD56 molecules in patients serum. • Blood group O+ might be consider as a risk factor for reactivation of VZV infection as the majority of patients were within this blood group.• A diminished role of the inflammatory TH1 cells in reactivated shingles patients is more likely as evident by the reduced concentration of IFN? and TNF? profiles. The Treg cells (CD4+ CD25+) seems to play a role in such reduction of TH1 proinflammatory cytokines as evident by the significant elevation of IL10 in shingles patients.

الانفتاح العلامي في الفن المفاهيمي == The Symbolic Openness In The Conceptual Art

اسم المؤلف: سامرة فاضل محمد علي
اسم المشرف: مكي عمران راجي الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون التشكيلية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: عني البحث الحالي بدراسة ( الانفتاح العلامي في الفن المفاهيمي ) ويقع في اربعة فصول، خصص الفصل الاول لبيان مشكلة البحث واهميته والحاجة اليه، وهدفه، وحدوده، وتحديد اهم المصطلحات الواردة فيه. وقد تركزت مشكلة البحث على الطبيعة التاويلية للعلامة في ال | This research paper is interested in studying (the symbolic openness in the conceptual art) and consists of four chapters. The first chapter is about the research problem, importance, goal, limits and identifying the most important expressions. The research problem is focused on the interpretation nature of a symbol in the conceptual art in all its expressions resulted by the changes of the world after modernity including the social, politic, economic, and cultural pressures which affect negatively on the level of vision, acceptance and sense. This is guaranteed due to the relation between the art and the modern development which include all human durations across history to be in cope with this change. So the artist is obliged to be more courageous and spontaneous in expressing himself and thoughts to cross the limited lines for the traditional painting to present conceptual artistic works that are not restricted with one artistic style or type to include all exist in nature including the human body, language and consumable items. So the current research's problem is begun through answering the following question, (how can the artist make the recipient as a second author for the artistic script?).The importance of the research is clear because it establishes a critical study to give the searchers, and those who interest in the graphic sides, a chance to be informed about the kinds of the conceptual art including the symbolic openness.The searcher finds this study is so important because there are no previous studies focusing on the symbolic openness in the conceptual art. The searcher also wants to be interested in the basis of this study to fulfill the intended goal which is identifying the symbolic openness in the conceptual art.The subjective research limits include the study of the symbolic openness in the conceptual art in all its branches, elements, time limits (1965 - 2016) and place limits including (USA, UK, Germany, Mexico and France). The important expressions in this research are also clarified.The second chapter is about the theoretical frame and the previous studies which includes four topics : the first topic is about the theories of a symbol in the critical studies. The second is about studying the thoughtful basis of the symbolic openness in arts after modernity. The third is about the conceptual art, the conceptual context and the graphic system. The last is about the indicators. The second chapter ends with the previous studies which are not closed to the current study.The third chapter is about the research procedures including identifying all the samples which is (200 artistic works) and choosing and analyzing only (20 artistic works) intentionally.The fourth chapter includes the results which are : 1 - Achieving the symbolic openness through interaction and conversation and be away from autism and introversion in all research samples.2 - There are many sides of the conceptual art including the language, graphic art, geography and the human body. So it is an art of moved concepts which are effective in the daily life of a human being and his environment.3 - The idea in the conceptual art is the tool which makes the art through its philosophic embodiment. This leads to make an argument which raises questions that make the visual perceiver be in harmony with senses and mental action and the artistic work to obtain the symbols, signs and concepts. Another results are : 1 - The searcher tries to clarify the script origin and its openness to be interpretable to make the recipient (second author) read and understand more meanings and facts as in the research samples. 2 - The recipient is responsible for understanding the artistic work to create new items that help in understanding the work.The research ends with recommendations, suggestions, references and appendixes.

جماليات الخطاب النسوي في فنون ما بعد الحداثة == The Aesthetics Of Feminist Discourse In The Arts Of Postmodernism

اسم المؤلف: فرح علي عبد الرزاق الدليمي
اسم المشرف: محمد علي علوان عباس القره غولي
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون التشكيلية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: عني هذا البحث بدراسة ( جماليات الخطاب النسوي في فنون ما بعد الحداثة) وهو يقع في اربعة فصول الاول لبيان مشكلة البحث، واهميته، والحاجة اليه، وهدفه، وتحديد اهم المصطلحات الواردة فيه، وقد انطوت مشكلة البحث الحالي على الكشف على ان ما شهده العالم الغربي من | Focus this research to study ( The aesthetics of the annual speech in the arts of postmodernism ) is situated in the four chapters of the statement of the research problem, and the importance of, and need for, and purpose, and to identify the most important terms contained therein, have involved the problem of current research to reveal that what the western world has witnessed the a change in the concepts and transformations of intellectual and what happened from the rapid changes has had a clear impact in bringing about changes in the various structures and as a result of those big changes that affected the cultural, literary and cash by engaging in systems as well as cultural, literary and artistic on the other hand engage in systems, it promotes the emergence of new types of literature including feminist who was an anti - hegemony of art and literature male has adopted the theses of feminist criticism pivotal link antithesis between accomplished male dominance and the accomplished feminist and a weak presence on an area of research literature, and the theses postmodern fertile area from which the feminist movement demands, general women and actresses in particular I have proven that every woman is able to achieve the same in the works of art and literature and in line with the philosophical and intellectual propositions of postmodernism.Hence the problem of current research originated through the following questions : - What is the role played by data feminist discourse in the art of post - modernism? - How did the contemporary visual artists, may file accomplishing visually crystallizes feminist speech from an aesthetic perspective holds insights and theses culture feminism? The importance of searching through explanation for literary and monetary concepts contemporary have a close relationship with art feminist masculinity and femininity, and the feminine and feminist and women's notions of parental (Patriarchate) and gender and its relation to the ideas of postmodernism, and represents an attempt to shed light on the nature of the relationship between the aesthetics of feminist discourse and the products of post - modernism, according to interested professionals through access to the findings and conclusions, it has found a researcher that there is an urgent need for this study is the fact that the subject has not been studied previously within the area effective for the products of arts postmodernism, as well as this study the concentration of matter on the contemporary visual artists and knowledge her methods performing and her creative achievements which has been absent for several decades.The aim of this research to know the aesthetics of feminist discourse in the arts of postmodernism was limited research on how long the time period of (1951 - 2016) and of studying the feminist productions for artists postmodern and executed with different materials at different ores in streams (abstract expressionism, pop art, visual art , graffiti art, conceptual art, art synthesis, new expressionism, digital art).The second chapter (theoretical framework) guarantees the three sections, first topic focus to the concept of post - modernism and the arguments of Netasheh and Freud, structural and some concepts that diffusion structuralism, deconstruction and the proposals of Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault, and a speech after the buzzards and globalization, and a letter of postmodernism and the culture of consumption, while focus second topic entrance into feminism and feminist literature and criticism feminist, language and given the female of the text, while the third section rotation arts postmodern and implications of feminist discourse in streams (abstract expressionism, pop art, visual art, graffiti art, conceptual art, art synthesis new expressionism, digital art).Chapter three has included action research, the researcher reviewed the research community and appointed by the style selected.The fourth chapter focus on results search results and conclusions, summarized the researcher to a range of outcomes, including : 1. Feminist discourse depends on the products of postmodernism on data aesthetic transformation and stylistic and technical as well as formulations structural forms of intellectual and contents and their contents, which appeared in the second half of the twentieth century, has shown the emergence of post - modernism, according to the visions of intellectual feminist adopt a new attitude to express contemporary problems of women, as in the research sample models.2. Gaining visual artists experiments in post - modernism, the dimensions of functioning merge with the experiences of contemporary plastic artists, but up to focus on the necessities of research on the technical trend on the one hand the aesthetic and the inevitability of a departure from the prevailing traditional patterns on the other hand, as in the research sample models.3. The theme of alienation in the products of human visual artists, the investment pattern overlap between the conscious and unconscious, and between reason and emotion, a choice of intellectual touches the essence of the idea of self and carry meanings and connotations, as in most of the research sample models.The researcher has reached a number of conclusions, including : 1. Aesthetics feminist discourse in the arts contributed postmodern elevating of philosophy initiated no mind and the adoption of individual categories and chance and blow up the idea of art through the presence of the idea of demolition and dismantling of the bonds aesthetic realities.2. Uniformity intellectual formulations for aesthetics feminist discourse in the arts of postmodern philosophies with frameworks postmodern theses and feminist criticism, as well as other contemporary monetary concepts that have had an active role in deepening the critical reading and calendar visual feminist done.3. Interpret the visual landscape of the products of feminist art, aesthetically, as manifestation Layout hermeneutical reading and analysis, especially where infrastructure is enhanced mental scene assignments of symbolic probe form actually modulated semantic from the signifier and the signified. The researcher considers a series of recommendations including : 1. Interest in academic studies that specializes in visual themes of feminist art and that the lack of the existing ones in the scientific field, the big and important in the definition of this art with data and types.2. The establishment of cultural institutions and the houses of the Arab local publishing translated foreign sources dealing with plastic feminist art experiences in the world, the lack of such sources in specialized scientific libraries.3. The establishment of plastic arts exhibitions and annual festivals and events and periodic conferences, dealing with plastic feminist art, and the definition of the methods and insights, methods and propositions own visual artists.The researcher proposed the following headings study : 1. Aesthetics feminist discourse in modern art.2. Feminist discourse and representations in products of contemporary Arab art.3. The aesthetics of the image in contemporary feminist art

جماليات التقنيات الرقمية في تشكيل العرض المسرحي العالمي == Aestheticism Of Digital Techniques In The Formation Of The International Theatrical Performance

اسم المؤلف: محمد كاظم هاشم الشمري
اسم المشرف: محمد حسين محمد حبيب
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتكون التقنية الرقمية من الاجهزة والوسائل والمعدات التي تعمل بالنظام الثنائي اي نظام التشفير الذي يتكون من ( 0 , 1 ) ويعد الحاسوب التقنية الرئيسة التي تتفرع منها العديد من التقنيات والاجهزة الرقمية التي تخص العرض المسرحي كاجهزة الاسقاط الضوئي او اجهزة الم | The digital technique consists of the apparatus, tools and means that work in the dual system, i.e., encoding system which is composed of (0 , 1). The computer is considered the main technique which is subdivided into various digital techniques and tools that are related to the theatrical performance such as the apparatus of light focusing or the apparatus of sound and image processing. These techniques have gained aesthetic and creative value through their use as an important technique that plays role in the theatrical performance. These techniques have given the theatrical director vast space in varying his hypotheses and choices via specifying the dramatic environment of the events; they also help in creating new means and forms which have had an important role in establishing the philosophical dimensions of the theatrical director. The letter has four chapters : The first (the problem) is the following inquiry : What aesthetics can be achieved by digital techniques in the world theater? The chapter also includes (importance) by focusing on the importance of digital techniques in theatrical performance. The chapter also includes (Objective) an illustration of the aesthetics of digital technologies in the world theater. This chapter, which is temporarily restricted to the period 2005 - 2015, includes space for international theatrical performances, including foreign, Arabic and Iraqi performances, and an objective study of digital techniques in directing theater performances. The chapter ends with linguistic terms and definitions, both in terms of terminology and procedure. The second chapter, the theoretical framework and previous studies, included three sections : First : digital art; trends and views. And the second : digital technical devices and mechanisms of its work in contemporary theater. The third is the aesthetics of digital technologies. The chapter ends with a discussion of previous studies and indicators coming from the theoretical framework. The third chapter, the procedures, includes the society of the research and the samples which have been chosen intentionally depending on the indicators of the theoretical framework being a tool to analyze in a descriptive, analytical method. Then five performances including (foreign, Arabic and Iraqi). The fourth chapter involves discussing the results, the conclusions, the recommendations, and the suggestions. The chapter ends with the bibliography, the appendices and an abstract in English.

جماليات المنحوتات الخزفية في العصر السلجوقي

اسم المؤلف: ميساء سليم عبد الواحد الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: محمود عجمي جاسم الكلابي
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون التشكيلية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعنى هذا البحث بدراسة جماليات المنحوتات الخزفية في العصر الاسلامي السلجوقي، والذي يقع في اربعة فصول : تضمن الفصل الاول عرضا لمشكلة البحث والمحددة بالتساؤلين الاتيين : هل شكل العصر الاسلامي السلجوقي ظاهرة في الطرح لما انجز من المنحوتات الخزفية، بحكم م

الاندماج الاتصالي في الاعلام الجديد : دراسة نقدية لنظريات الاتصال السائدة == Communicative Integration Into New Media A Critical Study Of The Prevailing Theories Of Communication

اسم المؤلف: مؤيد نصيف جاسم السعدي
اسم المشرف: عبد الامير مويت الفيصل
الموضوع العام: الاعلام
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الصحافة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study demonstrates the concept of the communicative Integration as a new concept that explains the nature of communication in the new media. The study displays this through criticizing of the theories of communication that are used in the studies the new media. The researcher coins this new term to provide an explanation for the transformations that was brought by the technology in the communicative process; however, with these transformations, we can find that the theoretical rooting continued in relying on assumptions that were basically raised on the techniques that were convenient for it. However, the situation has changed after the emergence of the new media, in addition to the emergence of the need to a theoretical rooting that commensurates the size of variables. Therefore, the study raised on an underlying assumption which is : Is the prevailing theories of communication can interpret the new phenomena of communication, including the communicative Integration?The study concluded the following results : - 1 - The communicative integration is a process that exists as a result of the increasing in communication which allows integrating the elements of the communicative process.2 - Both time and speed are factors that determine the size of the communicative integration which results to the concept of the user.3 - The communication theories that are certified by the studies of the new media do not give factual explanations for the variables of the new media, including the communicative integration4 - The model of the communicative integration interprets the process of communication in the new media.

الصحافة العراقية ومستويات معرفة الجمهور بقضايا الفساد : دراسة مسحية لجمهور مدينة بغداد == The Iraqi Press And The Audience Knowledge Levels With Corruption Issues A Survey Study On The Public Of Baghdad City

اسم المؤلف: اريج ناظم يونس سيالة
اسم المشرف: هاشم حسن جاسم التميمي
الموضوع العام: الاعلام
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الصحافة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Areej Nadhim Younos Syiala, the Iraqi Press and levels of Public knowledge of corruption issues - survey of the public of Baghdad city. Ph.D research, university of Baghdad, college of media, press section, 2017.This research examines the relationship between the Iraqi press on its various directions (semi official, party, independent and individual newspapers) by addressing the issues of corruption, and the levels of public knowledge of these issues. This research aims to achieve main objective. Answers on questions and hypotheses of the study. And is related to its importance (measuring, the levels of knowledge of the public subject of research on corruption issues).Through the public's knowledge of the corruption issues. By Iraqi newspapers shed light on these issues. By analysis, interpretation and explanation through the arts of various journalism (news, report, investigation, talk and press article).The research included two levels of first questions : the exposure of the public to the Iraqi newspaper's, the level of information it has about corruption issues, and the second level : questions related to measuring levels of public knowledge of corruption issues.The research also included a number of hypotheses. The first assumption : is that there is a significant statistical correlation between the degree of the public's reliance on Iraqi newspapers in their knowledge of corruption issues.And the extent of the contribution of these newspapers to the public and the art of press editing and sources of information that he trusts and the age of the public and his profession and exposure to Iraqi newspapers. Second : assume that there is no linear correlation between the standard of living of the public and the exposure to Iraqi newspapers. The research was based on the descriptive approach that describes the phenomenon in its present state. In order to arrive at accurate data and answers, the descriptive approach was used in both descriptive and analytical terms.The research used three research tools : interview, questionnaire and measure the levels of public knowledge of corruption issues. And to measure the hierarchy of corruption issues according to the interests of the public.The research was also based on a randomized multi - stage sample, with geographic areas selected in stages, and randomly so that they move from a large area to a smaller area at each stage.The sample size selected from the city of Baghdad was (415) single one of the main finding of the thesis is that Iraqi newspapers in the eyes of the public in question contributed to increasing their knowledge of corruption issues.As well as other results related to the relationship between the Iraqi press and levels of public knowledge of corruption issues. And levels of dependence on them to obtain this knowledge and levels of exposure to it.The research recommended the need to activate the focus of cultural awareness on corruption issues and conduct periodic and scientific surveys to measure public knowledge of corruption issues, and strive to deepen the culture of investigative journalism, and its practice on a broad media scale and work on the drafting of a draft law. (right to get information).The research contains (50) schedules and (14) form and (6) appendix.

السياسة الجنائية في تنفيذ العقوبة : دراسة مقارنة == Criminal Policy In The Execution Of The Sentence Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: حسن خنجر عجيل التميمي
اسم المشرف: محمد اسماعيل ابراهيم المعموري
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الجنائي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد موضوع البحث من المواضيع المهمة لانه يبحث في السياسة الجنائية في تنفيذ العقوبة، بما تمثله لمجموعة الوسائل التي تستخدم لمنع الجريمة او في العقاب عليها، اي انها العلم الذي يدرس النشاط الذي يجب ان تمارسه الدولة لمنع الجريمة من خلال ما يسترشد به المشرع ف | The research topic considers a great importance that revolves around the criminal policy in the execution of the sentence, the penal policy represents a group means used to prevent the crime or to punish it, as it is science that studies the activity that the state must practiced for the prevention of crime and punishment for it through the guiding by the legislature in the fight against crime investigator with the balance between the requirements of the state's right to punishment and implementation of social security in order to protect the interest and the penalty which is to be determined by the legislator and the judge sentenced on every person who commits or abstaining the crime, the law considers it a crime. The stage of execution of the sentence is the stage in which achieved the goal of punishment, and it should work force to achieve power. Implementation is not only deprive the convict the right of his rights according to modern criminal policy, but it is something deeper than that crystallized in the re - sentenced raising him and his rehabilitation of social life away from the risk of deterioration in the crime, though deeply as it is embodied in the implementation of the custodial penalties. The penalty execution considers as a practical translation of the verdict of the criminal conviction, which confirms the importance of this phase and the following phase of punishment for different implementation methods and depending on the quality of criminal penalty. The research is addressing a range of dilemmas seeks to develop an effective criminal policy for the execution of the sentence in order to protect the fundamental interests of society and to achieve greater stability, as well as the need to highlight the sources of the penalty policy, and where they are derived and what is their source, in addition to the execution of the penalty is the ultimate goal, which seeks legislator to achieve after going through several stages, since the occurrence of the crime through the investigation and judgment through the implementation, and we're looking at the best ways and means to ensure their implementation at the same offender, and to the extent necessary for punishment is in line with the gravity of things to do and dangerous criminal without trespassing on his humanity , but versa must search for the best means of implementation to return people together in the community, through the development of rules determined against which the drafting of the texts of the criminal law, the objective was the mother of procedure through which the execution of the sentence ensures the rights of the convict and to ensure that the interests of society, and perhaps the most prominent of these dilemmas about the nature of execution of the sentence is that do you implement the punishment is an act administratively, or pursuant to a judicially, or pursuant to a mixed, and which is a guarantee for the rights of the convict from the arbitrariness of an authority to exclusivity order execution, and at the same time bring us to protect the interest of society in the cropping of the offender and the achievement of the objectives of punishment. The second problem lies in the criminal policy sources in the execution of the sentence, as the law, including the execution of the penalty procedures to find the basis of the will of the legislature, according to the doctrine of positive law, and therefore what is based on the legislator to take his vision to develop procedures for the implementation of the punishment. The third problem about the appearance of the criminal policy of the implementation of the death penalty, as the implementation of the death penalty leads purpose and objective through the implementation within the prison, or to find a public execution in order to lead the purposes and objectives of implementation, particularly in terrorist crimes, to be the instrument of a general deterrence and investigation to justice.The study research in criminal policy in the implementation of the original penalties of corporal punishment and negative sanctions for freedom and financial sanctions axis, as well as criminal policy in the implementation of sub sanctions embodied in the penal ancillary and supplementary penalties and precautionary measures, which is the second part of criminal penalty, according to the provisions of the Iraqi criminal law and some of the criminal comparison laws

مبدا الصحيفة البيضاء في خلافة الدول في المعاهدات == The Principle Of Tabula Rasa In The Succession Of States In Treaties

اسم المؤلف: باقر عبد الكاظم علي الكرعاوي
اسم المشرف: طيبة جواد حمد المختار
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدولي العام
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The principle of Tabula Rasa (clean slate) is one of the principles governing the succession of States in respect of Treaties, provided for in Article (16) of the Vienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of Treaties in 1978 and determined the scope of application of the principle according to this article the newly independent states of colonialism without the other new states arise from the separation with the survival of the predecessor State, or the demise of the predecessor State in the case of solving the state, according to this principle, it proceeds to the newly independent state of international life free from the obligations contained in the treaties concluded by the predecessor State relating to the province of new state back.The principle of Tabula Rasa (clean slate) on a fixed legal grounds represent a peremptory rules can not be violated, including that of the newly independent states such as the right of peoples to self - determination and the principle of equality among States, including with regard to the legal nature of the treaties which ( pacta sunt servanda) rule and the principle of the relative effect of treaties. Full two exceptions to this principle, provided them articles (11.12) of the Convention relating to Article 11 treaties established systems to the international border, while Article 12 established treaties and other regional systems relate.The world is very influenced by the political geography and the succession of States, so it need to know when and how to prevent legal liabilities of the predecessor State to the successor State. However very great importance Given to the study of international law regarding the succession of states, and has become the forefront of research, in order to give solutions to international problems resulting from a succession of States, which was still under discussion and disagreement.The subject of a succession of States is not to agree on a uniform international rules that can be applied by States in relation to the succession of States on treaties, because the practice of States in respect of succession is not coherent or cohesive logical, albeit mostly determined by political considerations, not legal, and then develop solutions to the problems of succession on the basis of special agreements.The Vienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of Treaties of 1978, the distinction between "newly independent states" emerging from decolonization, and other new states is emerging from decolonization, which approved the application of the principle of Tabula Rasa ( clean slate) on the newly independent states, which are thus automatically lack of commitment treaties concluded by the predecessor State (colonial). While this principle does not apply to other new states of separate states it is the colony even though they are all modern states.The previous international practices steady, confirms that the principle of the Tabula Rasa (clean slate) has been applied in cases of separation of Independent States and countries from colonialism, while we see that the article (16), has failed to apply this principle to the newly independent States of colonialism without the separate states.That none of the articles (2) Paragraph (1 / f) or Article 16 of the Vienna Convention for the succession of treaties of 1978, does not refer directly to determine the Newly Independent States to decolonization historical phenomenon. As with any codification of the practices of the process, but put provisions general and abstract terms can be applied to any reality to the change of sovereignty. Search section to the front then the door will look at the first chapter of what the principle of Tabula Rasa ( clean slate) and divide into two chapters look at the first concept of the principle of Tabula Rasa (clean slate) and look at the second chapter the legal foundations the principle of Tabula Rasa (clean slate) The second section we will look the scope of application of the principle of Tabula Rasa (clean slate), and divide into two dedicate the first chapter to discuss the principle of Tabula Rasa (clean slate) personal scale and be described in the second chapter the physical extent of the principle of Tabula Rasa clean slate. Then we included the most important conclusion of the findings and recommendations, which concluded the research

مبدا المساواة في القانون الجنائي : دراسة مقارنة == Principle Equality In Criminal Law Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: حسين ياسين طاهر
اسم المشرف: اسراء محمد علي سالم
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الجنائي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: مبدا المساواة من المبادئ الاساسية التي يتوقف عليها تحقيق العدالة من خلال ضمان عدم التمييز بين الاشخاص بسبب الجنس او العرق او القومية او الاصل او اللون او الدين او المذهب او المعتقد او الراي او الوضع الاقتصادي او الاجتماعي، لذلك يكفل عدم التمييز بين الاشخا | Equality is regard as a basic principle in criminal law , the fair depend on equality which is all the people ideal target to reach so the powerful men try to concern and pretending equality this is from one side , from the other side the rules of criminal laws conducted with most important rights of human being like his life , body safety , and his freedom and this is cannot be done without non discrimination because of the race, root , or nationality or color or religion or believe or opinion or economic situation or social situation , so non discrimination among people can guaranteed the equality to convince people with absence of non discrimination , but this can face some difficulties in applying because of the privileges awarded to some people due to their law positions and the nature of protected rights by criminal text laws ,so the literal applying of equality caused non equality due to the un fair affected whom their legal positions or the rights under assault so the legislator working to resolve the non discriminated practically with abstract view regardless of personal considerations due to the coverage of solo discrimination is impossible. to reach the equality and getting the target of penalty and guaranteed its effectiveness the judicial power awarded estimated power to increase the rehabilitation versus the hurts of punishment and because both is reached during executions the judicial power authorize the means which could complete the target of punishment by considerations of personal discriminations.The importance of equality in judicial law include all the texts parts and regulations process parts. the changing in the target of penalty reflects on most principals of judicial law including equality which take a modern concept different from the previous concepts. previously the equality was viewed as numerical legal aspect for all people without discrimination and this is a result for logical criminal concepts but after transition in punishment of crimes the personal standard arise and offender start to viewed as person out of right side and the target of punishment is rehabilitations and to reach that the fitness of punishment with the offender should be taken as reality.To cover the subject of research we take it in three parts : The first part is what is the equality in criminal law which is divided into two research the first one subjected to the principal of equality in criminal law.The second part subjected to the basic and its unity of equality in criminal law.The second part subjected with the legal provisions of equality in criminal law which include two research the first for texts for equality in criminal law.The second research for regulations of equality in criminal law.The third parts subjected to two researches the first one for exceptions in equality of crimes and punishments which we deal it in two research.The first one for some exceptions for crime and punishment.The second for the exceptions in rules of regulations

النظام القانوني لعقد خدمة المعلومات الالكترونية : دراسة مقارنة == The Legal System For Electronic Information Service Contract

اسم المؤلف: لبنى عبد الحسين عيسى السعيدي
اسم المشرف: جليل حسن بشات الساعدي
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون المدني
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان شبكة الانترنت احدثت تغيرا جوهريا في نقل وتبادل المعلومات، واختصرت الزمان والمكان، واصبح العالم بفضلها قرية كونية صغيرة، انعكست اثارها على ابعاد متعددة، اهمها البعد القانوني، اذ برز اثر هذه الشبكة على الوسائل التي تتم عبرها العقود، فاذا كان التعاقد عب | The internet has made substantial changes to the ways that individuals interact and exchange information. The changes to these inter - personal interactions have resulted in a reduction in the time and effort required to interact. This affects many dimensions of an individual's life, including how they conduct their legal affairs. The internet has impacted all aspects of the practice of contracting; from negotiation, the exchange of consent, drafting of contract terms and the execution of contractual obligations by each party. All of these activities can be conducted by electronic means. All aspects of contracting have been impacted by electronic commerce. The ownership of tangible materials and the provision of services are increasingly being procured on - line. In this study we will consider whether the traditional forms of contract law are sufficient and appropriate to regulate emerging electronic service. We have chosen the subject of “the legal system for electronic information service contract” for our dissertation. The report will consist of three chapters preceded by an introduction. In the first chapter we have sought to clarify the essence of electronic information service contract. We have therefore dealt with three main subjects. First we commenced by defining the relevant contracts in order to shed some light on their essential characteristics. Next we considered some of the philosophical arguments about the nature of this contract and have compared some of the different perspectives. This is an important aspect of the dissertation because there are differences of opinion in this area particularly as to whether this contract has a special nature at all. At the end of this chapter we have considered international standards that are being applied to the relevant contract. We have discussed how these international standards may assist to inform developing research and legal reform. In the second chapter we have concentrated our study on the formation of this contract. Then we identify the parties of this contract and their subject. However this contract is kind of mutual contract. This causes a difficulty in characterization due to the special nature of the contract. Therefore we try to demonstrate the most important obligations which are interludes of the agent and the client and their liability.In the third chapter, we have considered the need for the law to properly support people who seek to create electronic service contract. We take the position that the law should provide the ability for individuals to make a choice about the kind of contract they wish to make. It is more important that the law is relevant and properly supports contracting activity rather than restricting the nature of the contract. We therefore have set out the debate in this matter with some careful detail. Initially we clarify the ability of the party to choose the relevant law for their contract. Then we discuss the inflexible standards that currently exist in the law. We apply a classical method of conflict of laws to simplify the debate and then finally we test the applicability of the rules of electronic commerce to these contracts. We conclude by explaining our own opinion on the issue. In the conclusion of our study we have stated our findings and made our recommendations regarding electronic information service contract. We make a number of recommendations for legal reform that we hope will serve as a basis for changes to the law in Iraq

التنظيم الدستوري والقانوني للعلاقة بين السلطتين التشريعية والقضائية في العراق : دراسة مقارنة == Legal And Constitutional Arrangement For The Relationship Between Constitutional Legislative And Judicial Authorization In Iraq Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: انتصار حسن عبد الله محيميد
اسم المشرف: ميثم حنظل شريف
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدستوري
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناولت الباحثة دراسة التنظيم الدستوري والقانوني للعلاقة بين السلطتين التشريعية والقضائية في العراق - دراسة مقارنة - حيث تتجلى اهمية بيان الحدود الدستورية بين السلطتين التشريعية والقضائية في الاعتداء الذي يحصل من كل من السلطة التشريعية على القضائية وبالعكس | The researcher dealt in her studying the constitutional and legal regulation of the relationship between the legislative and judicial power in Iraq - comparative study - which reflected the importance of the constitutional boundary between the legislative and judicial power from the assault that gets from both the legislature and the judiciary versa, the legislative power which holds the organization of the judiciary power may detract from the judicial power by legislation, and Depending on the nature of the subject of research, we decided to divide it into three chapters preceded by a preliminary research in order to make a distinction between the legislative competence and Jurisdiction, The first is devoted to address the purview of the legislative power in the organization of the judiciary and its actions, Stating the intervention of the legislature in the organization of the judiciary and interfering in his job performance, as well as the relationship of political censorship in judiciary functions.This research has been dealt with in the second chapter overlap of functions between the legislative and judicial power, we dealt with the right of charges and trial of the president and members of the executive power also the separation in the authenticity membership of the legislature member's power.The third chapter dealt with the subject of the intervention of the judiciary in the function of the legislative power, we addressed the trends of the judiciary and jurisprudence in control of the legislature authority, and the possibility of the judiciary in the detection of the legal base, and the constitutional judiciary applications in the right intervention in legislature acting.The study concluded a set of findings and recommendations.
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