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ال الحرفوش في بعلبك 1497 - 1865م : دراسة تاريخية

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة المثنى - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
اسم المؤلف: زهرة محمد حلو الشيباني

العلاقات الامريكية - القطرية 1971 - 1991 American_Oatar relations 1971_1991

المستخلص: The Gulf region is of great importance and importance in the foreign policy of the United States of America. This stems from two basic facts. The first is that the Gulf region has strategic importance and weight in the Arab world. Most countries in the region, (Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, UAE and Oman) have strong relations with the West, especially the United States, making it one of the determinants of the movement in the regional system of the Middle East. The second fact is that US foreign policy has a clear impact on the lives of nations and peoples. The US - Qatari relations 1971 - 1991 because the State of Qatar is part of them from the Arabian Gulf region, as well as what this country represents in the political thought of the United States America, which is trying to achieve its goals and interests in it.The United States established diplomatic relations with the State of Qatar in 1972 after its independence in 1971. The United States followed a foreign policy towards the State of Qatar based on the existence of fundamental interests that emerge through the importance represented by Qatar as one of the most important oil deposits in the world. The United States intervened in many countries because of its oil policies and for that the United States used its foreign policy and all of the same diplomatic and military pressure to turn the equation in their favor. US - Qatari relations have grown increasingly important in various fields, especially in economic, military and commercial aspects. The time frame for the study was set between 1971 - 1991 according to many considerations. The year 1971 witnessed the independence of the State of Qatar, as well as the most important event in the history of the region, namely the British withdrawal from it, and the beginning of the American rush. To protect its interests starting with strengthening its relationship with some countries in the region and ending with increasing its military presence in the region, especially with the six Gulf states. While the end of the study was determined in 1991 because it witnessed a great change in the Gulf region, which represents the American response and the other countries to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, and how the United States used it to establish its presence in the region steadily and intensively through the establishment of military bases deployed in different regions of countries Surrounding the waters of the Arabian Gulf. This is what the study is keen to clarify.We divided the study into an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion and a list of sources. The first chapter was titled : The decline of the British colonial influence in the Gulf and the beginning of the American interest in the region through three studies : We focused on the first of them on the site of Qatar under the strategic importance of the Arabian Gulf, The site has influenced the development of the State of Qatar, and we discussed in the second section to the British withdrawal from the Arabian Gulf and the independence of the State of Qatar in 1971, while highlighted in the third topic the beginning of US interest in Qatar. The second chapter is devoted to the study of oil and gas investment and their impact on the development of US - Qatari relations, divided into three fields. The first dealt with the oil investment and the role of American companies and how oil played an important role in giving Qatar great importance among other countries, especially the United States. Oil and gas revenues in the country's development, and how these revenues have been the main factor in the development of the State of Qatar at all levels, while the third studied the development of US - Qatari economic relations.The third chapter focuses on the impact of regional conflicts on US - Qatari relations. It was clarified through three studies. The first topic focused on the October 1973 war, the American and Qatari positions, and how Qatar stood by the Arab countries in imposing an oil embargo on the United States and European countries supporting Israel. . The second topic dealt with the American and Qatari situation from the Iran - Iraq War, which occupied the region for many years, and which threatened the security of the Arab Gulf States, while the third topic highlighted the details of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990 and the nature of the American and Qatari position.The fourth chapter focused on the study of Qatar's position in the US military strategy through three areas. The first focused on the common motives of Qatar and the United States on military concerns towards the Gulf region by securing energy sources and protecting allied systems. Through the creation of the US Central Command in 1983, which was the result of serious developments in the region, notably the fall of the Shah of Iran in 1979 and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the same year, as well as US and national defense arrangements, while studying the third topic The latest concept of security joint US strategy and country militarily, economically and politically in accordance.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية الاساسية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2019
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: قيس جواد علي الغريري
اسم المؤلف: دعاء ريسان صدام منحوش الغانمي

العلاقات المصرية - الهندية 1952 - 1970 Egyptian - Indian relations 1952 - 1970

المستخلص: The political relations of the countries are complex and multifaceted aspects and dimensions as they represent the goals and self - interest of each state to other countries or movements or revolutions or international events and others, and the Egyptian - Indian political relations of those relations affected by the international events that occurred in the Middle East, and the interventions and projects launched Countries . Egypt and India are major countries with weight and influence in the regional and international affairs. They both have great demographic and economic weight, and are based on ancient civilization and cultural components. They are therefore receiving regional and international attention. The subject of the Egyptian - Indian relations was divided into an introduction, a preface, three chapters and a conclusion. Each chapter contains several topics according to the subject unit and the historical sequence. The study is devoted to studying the roots of Egyptian - Indian relations for the years prior to the time period of the letter. The first chapter studied the Indian - Egyptian relations (1955 - 1952), and this era is full of political events in the Middle East. The chapter included four topics. The first came to study : India's position on the revolution of July 23, 1952 in Egypt. The Egyptian - British evacuation in 1954. The third topic dealt with the Egyptian - Egyptian position of the 1955 Baghdad Pact. The fourth topic focused on the Egyptian - Indian role at the 1955 Bandung Conference. The second chapter is devoted to the study of Egyptian - Indian relations (1956 - 1961). It includes three topics. The first is the position of India on the nationalization of the Suez Canal in 1956. The second section deals with the official and popular Indian position on the tripartite aggression against Egypt 1956, Addressing India's position on Egyptian - Syrian unity and separation (1958 - 61).The third chapter deals with the Egyptian - Indian relations in light of the regional developments 1962 - 1970. It also includes three topics. The first topic is the Egyptian position on the Indo - Chinese conflict 1962 - 1963. The second section deals with Egypt's position on the death of Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. 1964, and the third topic dealt with the role of Egypt in the Indo - Pakistan war on Kashmir 1965, and the fourth section dealt with the position of India of the Arab - Israeli war 1967. He pointed out that Egypt and India are two major regional states and are based on a long - standing civilization, a distinct strategic position, and the population and civilization. The Egyptian - Indian relations have not experienced any problems or tensions during their history because of the absence of geographic borders, regional competition or ideological conflict. On the contrary, relations have always improved, developed and converged views and interests at all levels. Egypt and India pursued a liberal policy aimed at freeing their countries from British hegemony. These efforts culminated in India's independence. This led Egypt to cancel its treaty with Britain and to demand that Britain withdraw from the Suez Canal. India also announced its support for Egypt, promised nationalization of the Egyptian sovereignty supplements and it is an internal issue. He also described the tripartite aggression against Egypt as an aggression against peace and a flagrant attack on the resolutions of the United Nations (General Assembly). Egypt has used its political and diplomatic relations with India to develop relations with the convergence of viewpoints in political positions in international forums. These approaches are converged through the conferences of the Non - Aligned Movement and strive to unify political efforts to make the region a permanent peace zone free of weapons and military bases. - Egypt's position on the issue of Kashmir between India and Pakistan and its neutral stance on regional and international issues from India's point of view are positive positions that push the bilateral relations between Egypt and India to the best and the best.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية الاساسية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: ايلاف عاصم مصطفى
اسم المؤلف: هشام نعيم غليم الكعبي

العلاقات الايرانية اللبنانية 1953 - 1979 Iranian Lebanese relations 1953 - 1979

المستخلص: The study of the Iranian - Lebanese relations is considered an important topic, because Lebanon for the Iranian government is one of the most essential countries in the Middle East. Hence, good relations between these two countries through different periods of times cannot be ignored especially during the era of the Safavid state which invited Shiite scholars from Jabal Amel to support and strengthen state in Iran. The most prominent of these scholars were Sheikh Ali bin Abdul Aali al - Ameli, who died in 1533, known as the “Al - Karaki the editor”, and Sheikh Hussain bin Abdul - Samad al - Amali, who died in 1576. The children of these scholars are still living in Iran, and thus the roots of the religious relations between the two countries became a reason for the development of political, economic and cultural relations in later periods.Yet, the first action in the political relations between the two countries dates back to the period of the Lebanese President Camille Chamoun (1952/1958), who is considered the first Lebanese friend to Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza, and who is credited for setting up political relations with Iran through his government's first treaty of friendship and cooperation between the two states in 17 October 1953. After that, the relations evolved to change the title of the Iranian Commission operating in Beirut to the rank of embassy and Rahmat Atabaki became “Ambassador of Iran” instead of “Minister Plenipotentiary”, while Lebanese President Camille Chamoun paid an official visit to Iran on 17 October 1956 for the purpose of rapprochement between the two countries, especially in the issue of Baghdad Pact. These relations were reinforced by joining the American policy through the accession of Iran and Lebanon to the Eisenhower project in March 1957, until President Chamoun ordered on March 5, 1957 to upgrade the Lebanese Commission working in Iran to Embassy, for the purpose of rapprochement with Iran due to the fear of the policy of President Abdel Nasser, the enemy of the Shah’s regime at that time, as President Chamoun was reluctant to the influence of Nasser in Lebanon. As a result of Chamoun’s pro - Iranian and pro - Western policy, an internal pro - Nasser opposition emerged in Lebanon in 1958 to topple Chamoun’s government, and this let to the outbreak of the 1958 uprising which was almost able to reach its goal but the interference of the Marines plus the military and financial support provided by the Shah of Iran to Chamoun’s prevented realizing this goal, and the crises ended up by electing Major General Fuad Shehab as President of "Lebanon in 1958" as successor to President Camille Chamoun.As president Shehab became in office, the Iranian - Lebanese relations cooled due the new Lebanese government's inclination towards Egyptian policy against Iran and its allies, and because of the positions of Iranian Ambassador Ali Fattouhi in Lebanon and his statements against President Gamal Abdel Nasser which led to expelling the Iranian ambassador in Beirut by the Lebanese government, and hence Lebanon broke its relations with Iran in January 1966 for 16 month until April 1967.After the re - establishment of relations, another development took place in the course of the Iranian - Lebanese relations, and this time relating to the arrest of the former head of the Iranian Savak, General Timur Bakhtiar, whose return to Iran was demanded by Tehran government because of judicial files against him. However, the Lebanese judiciary refused to send him back to Iran, and was released from Lebanese prisons after the end of the sentence. The Iranian government announced the breaking of its relations with Lebanon on April 1, 1969, which lasted until July 16, 1971.After the re - establishment of relations, Iran exploited the sectarian religious factor in Lebanon by supporting some charitable projects for the Shiite community in Lebanon, but this work did not last long until the dispute with the presidency of the Supreme Shiite Council in Lebanon, specifically with Imam Musa al - Sadr arouse due to the presence of Mustafa Jimaran (the head of the Iranian opposition) in South Lebanon which made the Iranian government neglect the affairs of the Shiite community in Lebanon, and instead it consolidated its relations with the Christian community especially with the The Lebanese Phalanges Party (Al - Kataeb) led by Pierre Gemayel and The National Liberal Party (Ḥizb Al - Waṭaniyyīn Al - Aḥrār) led by Camille Chamoun. When the Lebanese civil war broke out the Iranian government sided with the Christian factions while the Iranian people and its religious establishments supported the Muslims through offering humanitarian aid to those affected by the civil war.Economic relations were an important aspect of the relations between the two countries. For that reason, the Iranian government held an economic treaty with Lebanon on 5 July 1956, and thus trade between the two countries increased. As for touristic relations, these were also present in the course of relations between the two countries, where a tourism treaty was signed on December 9, 1973, which led to the prosperity of the economic life of Lebanon as Lebanon depends on tourism in support of its economic budgets. In the field of cultural relations, Iran supported the cultural aspect because it viewed Lebanon as the heart of the Arab world of the cultural domain, which accelerated in the conclusion of a cultural treaty on October 17, 1956. These were the relations between the two countries at all levels during 1953 - 1979
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية الاساسية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: جميل موسى النجار
اسم المؤلف: احمد طعمة جعفر الموسوي

حسن عبدالله الترابي ونشاطه السياسي والفكري في السودان حتى عام 2016 HASSAN ABDULLAH AL - TURABI AND HIS INTELLECTUAL AND POLITICAL ACTIVITY IN SUDAN UNTIL 2016

المستخلص: Sudan has dramatically witnessed historical events. Such events have led to the emergence of political figures who have a great influence on Sudanese arena of politics. Such figures have motivated many researchers to study them and reveal their roles in Sudanese history. One of the most influential figures in Sudanese history is Hassan Abdullah Al - Turabi. He is a leader and thinker who has influenced contemporary Sudanese history. The study of the character of Hassan Abdullah Al - Turabi has revealed that he is a son of a prestigious family in Sudanese society. The family is famous at knowledge and religiousness. His family descends from Wad Al - Turabi village. He is a descendant of a famous mystic religious sheikh, Hamad Al - Turabi. His father is a legal judge and the first graduate of the Supreme Scientific Institute in Omdurman in 1925. Such family especially his father has influenced and shaped his personality. He travelled abroad to pursue his study in Europe where he first took Master of Law from the University of London and then Doctorate of Law from the University of Sorbonne. With these solid academic credentials, he returned to Sudan, where he became the dean of Law College at Al - Khartoum University. However, he resigned the dean office in 1964 to start his political career. His political career started by addressing a speech in a symposium held by Khartoum University to solve the Southern Sudan issue. He participated in the October Revolution. Consequently, a new era emerged in the Sudanese history called the Era of the First Democracy (1964 - 1969). Hassan Al - Turabi became the secretary general of the Islamic Charter Front and joined the Muslim Brotherhood. In 1969, Colonel Jafa'ar Al - Numeiri seized power in a coup. Al - Turabi held gradually various offices in Al - Numeiri's reign. He held the chair of a parliamentary committee to review the laws of Islamic Sharia in 1979, and then became the minister of justice and presidential consultant of foreign affairs. In 1985, an uprising broke out and consequently a new era emerged in the Sudanese history called the Era of the Second Democracy (1985 - 1989).Hassan Al - Turabi founded the National Islamic Front in 1986. In 1988, he became the deputy of the prime minster and the minister of foreign affairs in Sadiq Al - Mahdi's government. Hassan Al - Turabi is considered as the planner and implementer of the 30th July coup in 1989. The coup brought Omar Hassan Al - Bashir to the power. In 1996, Hassan Al - Turabi became the chairman of the Sudanese Parliament. He founded the party of Popular Congress and became the secretary general of the party. During his political career, Hassan Al - Turabi was detained many times by Al - Numeiri's and Al - Bashir's authorities
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية الاساسية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2019
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: قيس جواد علي الغريري
اسم المؤلف: فاطمه عبد السادة شنشول

نوبار باشا ودوره السياسي في مصر حتى عام 1895 Nubar Pasha and his political role in Egypt until 1895

المستخلص: After studying the personality of Nubar Pasha and his political role in Egypt we can say that he was considered one of the prominent figures and active and influential in the course of the events of Egypt during the nineteenth century and although it is Armenian, but his memory remained stuck in the memory of the Egyptians has launched several labels on as many as possible His name included a street in the name of Nubar Pasha in Cairo, the Nubaria region, the Nubaria canal, the Nubari plow, the Nubari cotton, the Nubari cotton, and the Egyptian father of the peasant, let alone the most influential government positions he was assigned to, which required the experience and political skill of Nubar Pasha. The names mentioned above and the positions he has assumed reflect the fact that he had an active and influential role in the modern history of Egypt. He also received the respect of the successive governments, which did not change any of the names that confirm their appreciation for his efforts in the service of Egypt. Several factors contributed to the formation of his personality, On the political performance, including He grew up in an Armenian family that had considerable experience in administrative and commercial affairs. He studied in the schools of France and Switzerland, where he learned a lot of Western culture and foreign languages. He was married to Folek Hanim, daughter of Kevork Bek, one of the most famous Armenian families in Astana, Which facilitated Nubar Pasha's many tasks entrusted to him in addition to his good relations with foreign communities and consuls of foreign countries And then included in the functions from the time of Muhammad Ali Pasha until the reign of Abbas Hilmi II All these factors helped Nubar Pasha to form a broad knowledge of the country's political conditions, which gave him the hard ground and facilitated the performance of his functions well and able Nubar Pasha was internationally recognized as a representative of Egypt in many foreign conferences and his important international negotiations, especially during the reign of Khedive Ismail. He was fluent and spoke in many foreign languages. He was able to influence those who dealt with them and the possibility of convincing them of his point of view. Extensive experience in various administrative and political affair In spite of the great political role played by Nubar Pasha, he was criticized for establishing mixed courts. However, correspondence between him and Khedive Ismail (1863 - 1879) about its establishment confirms that his negotiations with the privileged countries were based on the wishes of Khedive Ismail and his orders And his advice to reform Egypt's deteriorating judicial system. Thus, Nubar Pasha alone is not responsible for establishing mixed courts In spite of these criticisms, Nubar Pasha considered that Egypt's independence does not depend on a concession from the high door that costs the country a heavy price, but on the strength and good management of Egypt, which in his opinion is very difficult as long as there are seventeen consulates, For the power of Khadio himself, so he started to proceed Judicial reform on the basis of unity in legislation, justice and implementation to ensure the achievement of justice for all And include the Europeans and Egyptians alike and thus prevail justice and the power of Khedive Ismael and the power of consensual consuls, but his project was not achieved because of the aspirations of European countries The courts have been subjected to numerous criticisms because their laws differ from Islamic law and are used in French, English and Italian instead of Arabic, and the presence of European judges, often characterized by favoritism to their citizens, leading to dishonesty. Moreover, most Egyptians were ignorant of the laws of these courts, which left them prey to blackmailing European moneylenders. Although these courts were manifestations of foreign influence, Therefore, Nubar Pasha is considered one of the most important figures who were characterized by nostalgia for the Egyptians, compassion for them, attention to their interests, care for their affairs and guardianship of their affairs when they confronted tyranny, corruption, nepotism, forced labor, privileges, taxes and other things. I weighed on them
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية الاساسية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: عماد نعمة العبادي
اسم المؤلف: لؤي جمعة فاضل

الاوضاع الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في المملكة المتوكلية اليمنية 1926 - 1962 The Social and Economical Situations in the Yemeni Mutawaqli Kingdom 1926 - 1962

المستخلص: The Yemeni Mutawaqli Kingdom is considered the important part of Yemeni which lies on the northern part of it. It was occupied by the Ottmon State. Many radical events took place in the time of First World War (1914 - 1918). It supports to form a political entity. So many social and economical status (1926 - 1962) is considered the natural outcome to the political of the Emam Yahya Hameed and his successive son Al - Emam Ahmed which had great effect on the nature of the Yemeni society. The following study has concluded the following findings : • The Mutawakly kingdom has founded after the fall of the Ottman kingdom (1914 - 1918)• Economically, the area of the kingdom has characterized with a fertilizing land, having availability of grains and crops that help make strong economy.• The kingdom has relied on traditional and primitive industry such as pottery dyeing colors and textiles, leather industries and sesame oil and making mats, scooping and getting little oil - drilling depending on the foreign capitals.• The trade had been deteriorated during the area of Al - Emam Yahya due to many reasons such as lack of transportation and lack of banking transactions. • The study reveals that Al - Emam Ahmed had made many reforms in the field of economical and social life and hold many contracts with Russia and Japan and some other Arabian and European countries and some American companies for the purpose of developing economy
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية الاساسية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: كريم طلال مسير الركابي
اسم المؤلف: ماهر محمود صالح الجبوري

الاوضاع الداخلية في كركوك 1958 - 1968 The internal situations in Kirkuk 1958 - 1968

المستخلص: The Kirkuk Brigade is one of the most important Iraqi brigades, occupying an important strategic position in northern Iraq, making it a North - South link, As well as containing the black gold (oil), which is the greatest wealth in the world, in addition to the fact that the brigade is an important agricultural area, It includes a colorful social structure composed of different nationalities and spectrums of Turkmen, Arabs and Kurds, As well as the different religions and doctrines in which Muslims, Christ and Jews previously, all of them live together as brothers and lovers are linked with the bonds of friendship, marriage, love and brotherhood, All of this made the brigade of Kirkuk the focus of everyone's attention is the heart of Iraq's spring. During the period 1958 - 1968, the Kirkuk Brigade witnessed clear developments in all its political, social and economic situations, As the revolution of 14 July 1958 and the subsequent political events had a positive and negative impact on the brigade in particular, The political events and the political struggle for power that the country experienced during the study period had a negative effect on the Kirkuk Brigade. The results were clear in 1959 as the worst massacre in the history of the brigade, Moreover, the revolution of July 14, 1958 had positive effects on its behalf if the government undertook many urban projects in order to promote and raise the social, cultural and economic level of the country. The researcher reached the following conclusions : • As a result of a new republican regime, administrative changes were required, as some administrative units moved on the one hand, and new areas of the brigade were created as a result of the expansion of some administrative units and the increase in the number of its inhabitants.• The researcher realized that the powers of the military ruler were during the rule of Abdul Karim Qasim far more than the powers of the administrator and became all civil matters in his hand as well as that the local administration has become subject to his supervision, which made the military rule until 1963 when the arrival of Abdul Salam Aref to power canceled the post The military ruler and expanded the powers of the executive.• In the field of education and education in the brigade, the government took care of this aspect a lot and worked hard to raise the level of cultural and during the period of study and the opening and restoration of several schools within the Kirkuk Brigade, and encouraged the education of women and opened secondary schools for girls and received primary education luck, Primary schools in the brigade, This is due to the large numbers of people and the importance of education, As well as the availability of all educational services, including free education, which was an encouraging factors that prompted families to send their children to school, We also note that the number of schools opened during the reign of Abdul Salam Aref was less, as we compared in the preparation of schools opened during the reign of Abdul Karim Qasim, This is due to the lack of government allocations for the budget of education and directing it to another area to carry out other projects because of the government's sense of self - sufficiency in the preparation of schools.• In the health field, it has also received great attention from the government as many hospitals, health clinics and maternity and childhood centers were opened during the study period to raise the level of health in the brigade, The researcher also found that the number of hospitals has decreased during 1967, due to the cases of integration and cancellation of the hospitals in the brigade, as well as the government's sense of self - sufficiency in the number of hospitals opened in the brigade reduced the health budget and turned it into the military establishment.• The transport and communications sector witnessed a remarkable development within the Kirkuk Brigade as the government took care of it. It established a passenger transport service as a result of the increase of the population of the brigade during that period. It also opened many bridges and roads and provided all social services to cope with development and change to raise the social level.• Agriculture in Kirkuk was characterized by the development of the republican era as a result of modern irrigation projects, including the introduction of modern agricultural means, including mechanization, as well as the construction of dams and dams, which raised the agricultural reality, as well as the agricultural environment of Kirkuk helped improve the quality of production.• The industry, along with traditional industries, found other handicraft industries that led to the establishment of factories and factories that concentrated in the main cities of the brigade. This led to the development of the internal trade of the brigade. Kirkuk became the center of the brigade, a commercial center, which led to the emergence of commercial markets which diversified in diversified commodities and industrial products. What distinguishes the study period is the establishment of an industrial bank that took upon itself the financing of industrial projects, which resulted in the emergence of civil projects in Kirkuk
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية الاساسية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: حسين علي فليح الخزرجي
اسم المؤلف: مريم محمود عيدان الجبوري

تاريخ الزهد والتصوف الاسلامي واثره في البصرة خلال القرنين الاول والثاني الهجريين

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2002
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: خليل هاشم عباس الزويني
اسم المؤلف: عادل اسماعيل خليل العبود

التطورات السياسية في اليمن الشمالي 1968 - 1978 Political developments in North Yemen 1968 - 1978

المستخلص: The tribe was one of the most powerful elements in the Yemeni cause. It had power and authority that exceeded the authority of the central government. Saudi Arabia exploited this matter and turned its attention to them because of the importance and location of Yemen to them and several regional and international countries intervened in Yemen after the fall of the monarchy. The people who took the leadership of Yemen، since the reign of the Imam and until the fall of the last leaders، were soldiers and not civilians، which had the result that they were in a clash and a permanent conflict with the authority of the tribe. The government was composed of the Presidential Council (the Revolutionary Command Council)، the ministers and the Advisory Council. The Advisory Council speaker was the elder Abdullah Bin Hussein Al - Ahmar and this had always made the government and the council in a permanent conflict. The conflict was between the government، the tribes and the elders. The elder Al - Ahmar was always the one who represented the conflict. In 1973، the Yemeni authority entered a dark path due to internal political disputes and conflicts. Abdul Rahman Al - Iryani decided to resign and agreed with the Advisory Council chairman that he would also resign. Yemen then entered a new phase، the stage of President Ibrahim Al - Hamdi. During this period، the power of the tribe was withheld and its influence removed from the army، which made the elders in enmity to Ibrahim Al - Hamdi. He was seeking to establish a civil state rather than a tribal state. When Ibrahim Al - Hamdi became the president، he took care of the army and the military rank and turned down the power influence of the tribes. The issue of unity with the South was of great interest in order to declare unity between them، but because of this policy was assassinated in a treacherous and ugly way and because of this regional and international intervention، the Yemeni people have never enjoyed the results of the revolution against the monarchy.In view of the importance of this historical period of the life of the Yemeni people from its political history، a topic was chosen for this message، which consisted initially of a prelude to Yemen's political، social and economic history before and after the revolution. The first chapter examined the period from 1968 - 1972، before Abdul Rahman al - Eryani stepped down from power to Ibrahim al - Hamdi، and the conflict between the republicans and the monarchists until the announcement of national reconciliation and the developments that took place after the declaration of reconciliation. The second chapter focuses on the causes of the conflict between the political forces and the coup done by Ibrahim al - Hamdi as well as meetings of the unity committees between Sana'a and Aden and the political differences between them، the coup of Ibrahim al - Hamdi or the June 13 corrective movement and the political parties in the era of Ibrahim al - Hamdi.The third chapter is about the political developments in 1975 - 1978 and what happened during that period، which is represented by some important events and the most important was Hamdi's assumption of power and the crime of assassination in a treacherous and ugly manner and the repercussions of the internal situation. The authority overtake of Hussein al - Khashmi and his assassination and Abdul Karim al - Arashi who overtook the power for 40 days to run the government and gave it up to Ali Abdullah Saleh.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة كربلاء - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: كاظم حسن جاسم
اسم المؤلف: سارة مكي عبد علي عباس الشمري

مؤسسة الحسبة وتطورها في بلاد الشام : دراسة تاريخية من القرن الاول حتى نهاية القرن السادس الهجري Organization of the calculation and developed her in countries of Al - Sham Historic study from horned first the century corroded Sixth Hijra

المستخلص: AL - Hesba of the calculation and developed her in countries of Al - Sham Historic study from horned first the century corroded Sixth Hijra. Address of the chapter was first he general look in organization of the calculation and inclusion of four topics the topic first : Organization of the calculation is understandable her, and her legitimacy and her importance. Inclusion of four claimants concentrated on organization of the calculation understandable and adequate convention aalqraan and the age.The topic second : Development the founded calculation in the era Islamic and inclusion of three claimant whymu'sst the grown - up calculation in era the prophecy and the succession then the oriental thought for the founded calculation in aal'islaam.'amaa the topic third and as to his address organization of the calculation in the era the emus, as for the topic fourth losing organization of the calculation in the era Al - Abbasi concentrated onAs for the chapter second his disassemblies of address is role calculated in organization the calculation inclusion of three topics first bases of choice concentrated on calculated and the second criteria followed for his choice and the topic is union members of the founded calculation last helpful identicals waalme'aawnwn.'imaa the topic third : Losing included workplace calculated and his registers. Clothes of clothes calculated and arranged his.Either the chapter third losing was his address the historic development for organization of the calculation end of the era corroded aal'aywby , and inclusion of six topics first organization of the calculation in the era aalTwlwny and the topic second organization of the calculation maabyn eras between aalTwlwnyyn waalaaxshydyn, and third organization of the calculation in countries of Al - Sham in the era aal'ixshydy and fourth organization of the calculation in countries of Al - Sham during the faatmy era and fifth : Calculated in the period between falling faaTmy and entering aalaaywbyn countries of Al - Sham and sixth organization of the calculation In countries of Al - Sham in the era aal'aywbyThe chapter comes fourth and last where applied concentrates astride while role hangs in calculated losing was complete choice of examples from position calculated in organization the calculation and inclusion of the chapter five topics first position hangs in calculated in the domain religious and the topic second position calculated while the third domain economic and the topic hangs in position calculated while the fourth domain social either the topic hangs in so indeed her position concentrated on calculated in the domain healthy either the topic fifth so position be interested in calculated while domain hangs in constructive and the analgesic.Then last and pursued and the sources and the returns The endTo this study showed several conclusions summarizes her baalaaty - 1Simple origin originated the calculation in beginning her matter shaanhaa at that Sean all position in the scientist Islamic, yet that she independent position in her does not harbor alternatives w'inmaa was mere matters in known and his kernels about repudiated .2 - Other than indeed the calculation occupied standing in the language, so she poisonous than the satisfaction, and means the good arrangement, and the satisfaction means : Ugly denial the work and the calculation from the account in meaning of accounting was formed the breath or accounting aalGyr, or accounting of Allah rose for the people. 3 - The calculation originally to Islamic sources returns her her basis aalqraan generous and modern honorable, losing increased the Quranic miracles and the prophetic interviews which orders known and ends about repudiated.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية التربية ابن رشد للعلوم الانسانية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2019
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: علي عطية شرقي الكعبي
اسم المؤلف: علي هادي ناجي العجيلي

فلسفة الخلق بين الكتاب المقدس وكتب التراث الاسلامي : دراسة تحليلية The Philosophy of Creation between the Scriptures and the Books of the Islamic Heritage

المستخلص: The humanity has spent an arduous journey in search for its creator and for the foresight and purpose of its existence. Nowadays and in the past, there is a question could not have been answered by the proposed hypotheses that is why did God created the world? However, searching in the accounts and the verses of the scriptures has revealed that the vision of God in the Old Testament is incarnated in the command, in the New Testament is in the affection and in the Qur'an is in the mercy. Thus, according to the principle of relativity, Almighty God's will in the genesis cannot be precisely realized. But it seems that God's love of his creatures was behind his intent of the creation. So, God knows what else.Anyway, the destination of man in this context is represented in his following the example of God's teachings and morals for the sake of reaching the eternal happiness, the perfection and the salvation. For this reason it has been reported in the narration of the prophet Muhammed (pbuh) that "Oh people, acquire the manners and the characters of God ". Nevertheless, a Qura'nic verse provided that God said "I did not create the jinn and the humans except to worship me"1, suggests to another expression. It refers not only to an earthly worship, but, to the furthest types of cult. Hence, the worldly idols, Adam and his progeny, could have got the highest ranks in getting closer to God, in preference and honor when they could have achieved superiority over the jinns and also could have followed the righteous path till the judgment day. In addition, having been battlingQur'an : The Spreaders\ 56.their inner demons, having been engaged in Jihad Al - Nafs the sruggle against their own desires and limitations and in promoting their values and spirits, those the human line could have chosen to acknowledge to their creator at their will. Consequently, they could constantly and thankfully praised Allah.Finally, we should give the proper answers to the following questions that every person is interested in them : - Where did we come from? Why were we created? And Where are we going?. Indeed, it could be said that we have been created as a result for the divine honor of Adam by science when Allah said " And He taught Adam the names, all of them; then He represented them to the angels and said tell Me the names of these, if you are sincere."2 Therefore, we are as human creatures must represent the Godly morals and behaviors and fill the earth with love and mercy because we are the successors of Allah in his land. So, we are in a glorious march of grace and power towards winning the ever lasting paradise of the blessed havens.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة كربلاء - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2019
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: عمار محمد يونس الساعدي
اسم المؤلف: اسراء محسن داود المرعبي

العلاقات الفرنسية الايرانية 1958 - 1981 Relation between France and Iran (1958 - 1981

المستخلص: Occupies the study of International relations great importance in the can temporary world, Especially once Regional and strategy state as Iran, and Europe state as France each located on the different continent and separate them vast distance, But a common interest brought them together and a common positions of world issues, it led to the formation of Bilateral relations Parties gathered in the several fields, as a policy, Economic, and the Health Even the Cultural sphere, Reflected the reality that the relation are not confined geographical boundaries, or a language, or a political system, or even religious ties, but subject to consideration self - interest, and ideological prespectives, to the ruling political system, and its orientations. If the International relations represent the general frame to the convergence of all forms between peoples the forging policy is occupies part bountiful from this area, it cannot be any state in the world to build relationships with the other states without paint constants and variables of forging policy and public. Lines, to be able to achieve its goals, commensurate with motives and requirements and perhaps it may result in failures, away that’s Makes it reconsider in policy and paint a new dimension for international relations and put, so the forging policy the bedrock of international relation, this is in addition to the international law, which is subject to all considerations of international relation, Iran plays a strategic role in the east making it the focus of attention of European powers in clouding France, which tried repeatedly follow multiple policies to keep pace with Iran and gain satisfaction in many periods. The study came to address the issue of the relation between France and Iran since the phase Gaullist even the Islamic republic in Iran (1958 - 1981) consisting of an intro diction and four parts and conclusion, the first chapter includes the relations in the era of DE Gaulle, and the most important controls, and the Iran and method of dealing the world, with the statement of pillars of its forging policy au France look it to. While the second quarter came to Explaining the nature of the change which happened in Iran after the white revolution and implications for the forging policy of Iran with the statement of size armament obtained by Iran of European powers, including France, pointing to the most important aspects of relations between the two countries, and their attitude towards October war 1973 and the impact on ties. Big radical evolution happened then in the contemporary history of Iran it is the outbreak of the Islamic revolution led by ayatollah Khomeini and the creative revolution doctor Ali Shariti and the nature of the position taken by France from the Islamic revolution and the revolutionary elements both within Iran or those that have resorted to pairs during the revolution including ayatollah Khomeini which what work the third chapter to coverage. Even if the Iran - Iraq war broke out after the formation of the republic shortly we find that the relations between two sides it has taken a negative chapter, especially after France's support for Iraq and arming it against Iran, and continuing its hostile policy against Iran, particularly in the period of president Mitterrand with the withdrawal of Iran its share of nuclear facilities, and the deterioration of companies responsible for funding of these projects, with a view of the causes of this war, and the position of European powers of it. Of course, the relations between them have seen this fluctuation according to the dictates of international conditions, that is still to this day sets define paths of war and war and peace in the world.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة ذي قار - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: عبد الرسول شهيد عجمي
اسم المؤلف: صفاء جليل ثجيل

الوزارات المستحدثة واثرها في الواقعين الاقتصادي والاجتماعي للعراق 1958 - 1963 The Effect of Created Ministries on the Economic and social Aspects in Iraq 1958 - 1963

المستخلص: The newly formed ministries in Iraq for the period from 1959 to 1963 represented the most comprehensive changes in the economic and social aspects. Thus, we can say that the July 14 th is a real revolution and not a military coup through its achievements in the advancement of the society. When laws were enacted, No. 74 of 1959, which included the creation of seven ministries, namely the Ministry of Agrarian Reform, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Oil, the Ministry of Planning, the Ministry of Works and Housing, the Ministry of Municipalities and the Ministry of Commerce and The Ministry of Agrarian Reform came to implement the Law of Agrarian Reform No. 30 of 1958, which resulted in the identification of agricultural property, seeking to raise the level of agricultural farmers, establishing agricultural associations and agricultural cooperatives. In order to address the housing crisis in cities, following the increase of migration from rural to urban, the Ministry of Works and Housing In the cities and the need for different services, the Ministry of Municipalities was established. In order to follow up the factories and factories that the agreements with the Soviet Union and the socialist countries undertook to establish in Iraq, the Ministry of Agriculture, In order to control the oil wealth and exploit its revenues to increase national income and provide social services such as health, education, housing and raising the standard of living for individuals, the Ministry of Oil, which entered into negotiations with foreign oil companies operating in Iraq, issued Law No. 80 of 1961, which freed 99.5% Iraqi control of foreign companies.The government followed the policy of economic planning to achieve balance in all sectors of the national economy. The Ministry of Planning, after the abolition of the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Economy, and for the purpose of regulating the import and export process and make it consistent with the philosophy of the state and was serious in converting the citizen to a product more than consumer and limited consumption on the necessary materials and Iraq's trade with thecountries of the world, introduced the Ministry of Commerce, which sought to protect the citizen from exploitation when the adoption of the Government Sales Authorityand welfare.Department of research to the introduction and four chapters and conclusion, the first chapter dealt with the Iraqi Republic and directly the ministries of the Royal Covenant, The second chapter deals with the rapid social developments and their impact on the development of new ministries. The third chapter deals with agreements of technical and economic cooperation with the former Soviet Union and the countries of the socialist camp and the development of ministries to follow up their implementation. The fourth chapter sought to examine Iraq's foreign policy and its effect in developing new economic policies. The results of the study and analysis of the work of the ministries in the period of research, The researcher relied on a variety of sources, including unpublished documents kept in the library and documents of files of the royal court and the files of the Council of Sovereignty and administrative reports and the files of some ministries, then the published documents, the government publications issued by the ministries and publications of the Ministry of Guidance and publications of the Ministry of Justice, Industry and the Secretariat of the Capital, And then come letters and university papers and memos and many books of Arabic and Arab and some foreign books as well as the use of several periodicals, especially magazines and newspapers issued during that period, which was filled by the thesis and the list of sources and has been used for the researcher analytical approach as a method of work and I put the finishing touches in my dissertation, I did not claim that it is free of lapses and delusions because the perfect God only and finally put this dissertation in the hands of my distinguished professors and members of the discussion committee. I hope that their corrections will have a great role to reach the dissertation
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: حسن علي عبد الله السماك
اسم المؤلف: سعد عبد الواحد عبد الخضر

اهل الحديث في العراق ودورهم في الحركة الفكرية في العصر العباسي الاول 132 - 334 هـ / 749 - 945 م

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2003
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المؤلف: ناهضة مطر حسن

التجيبون في الاندلس ودورهم السياسي والفكري في الفتح حتى منتصف القرن السادس الهجري

المستخلص: The pages of the thesis introduce some of the Andalus historical facets for Tojibis represent a part of this is history. This study endeavours to show the position of Tojibis in Andalus and motivate the scolars to study the Arab families and charactors in Andalus because any new study will introduce new information and facts to the Andalus library.Tojibis had a political and scintific role in Andalus since the Arab conquest till the middle of Hijri sixth century.This is a cause that made the scholas study this subject and trace this contribution of the Tojibis to this period.And because this period witnessed a political activity from Tojibis which ended in Almeria in 484 A.H/1091 A.D.The Tojibis scintific role lasted till the middle of the Hijri sixth century. The period that followed the death of some scientists like Mohammad bin Ahmed known as ibn AlHaj died in 529 A.H. / 1134 A.D., Ibn Baja - Mohammad bin Yahya died in 533 A.H/ 1138 A.D., Ahmed bin Abdul Rehman bin Eissa died in 563 A.H/ 1167 A.D doesn't witnessed emergence of scientist of that kind.There is no an independent study about Tojibis in Andalus except some references in M.A. thesis named "Al thaghr Al Aa'la Al Andalusi" "The upper frontier of Andalus. A study of political states from 95 - 316 A.H/ 714 - 928 A.D" written by Ibrahim Al samarai and some references as well about their settlement in Andalus in "Islamic Arab conquest and settlement in Andalus and north Africa"; A book written by Dr. Abdulwahid Thanoon Taha. There is a written by Dr. Mariam Qassim Taweel "The Kingdoom of Almeria of the era of Al mu'tasim bin Sumadih 443 - 484 A.H/ 1051 - 1091 A.D.".What is remarkable that the researcher made arrangements of the biographies according to their alphabet order when he studies the contribution of the Tojibis to the scientific process.This study in volves four chapters in addition to a production : Chapter one is divided in to three parts. The first part studies the origin of Tojibis and their contribution to conquest of Andalus then I studied the Tojibian Salamas in Huesca.The third part in volves the political role of Tojibis in the upper frontier through the principality 138 - 316 A.H/ 755 - 928 A.D., the caliphate era (316 - 422 A.H/ 928 - 1030 A.D) and what is called "the states of sacts" era 422 - 484 A.H/ 1041/1091 A.D.Chapter two is dedicated for religious studies which has something to do with Holy Quran. These studies involves reading and interpretation sciences. Then I took the Holy Hadith of Prophet Mohammad, of "AlRai" who have their own opinion to under stand and explain the Holy Quran and Hadith, matter of religious instructions, science of documents and finally some other Tajibis biographies.Chapter three is indicated for Arabic language studies including grammar and literature. Literature in volves poetry and prose. Prose, as well, includes oration letters and then I mentioned the Tojibis who had their own role in prose field and finally eloquency come.Chapter four includes rationalism and experimentalism that involve philosophy, medicine, engineering, history biographies and music. This study admitted a group of modern Arabic resources and others trduslated from another languages Arabic. Searches, assays, letters these and other foreign resources are available in this chapter as well.In conclusion : I reach some conclusions the most important of them one : Tojib tribe is one of Arab tribes that contributed to the Andalus conquest.Mousa bin Nossair's compaign implied so many leaders and officers of this tribe. Tojib tribe settled in the northern east of Andalus particulary in Saragossa, Droca, Huesca, Calatayoub and Almeria as well. Two families of this tribe emerged on the political stage. The first family of Abdul Rehman Al Tojibi appeared at the upper frontier. The second one is the family of sumadih in Almeria. The Tojibis role is not reduced to the political side but extended to scientific and religious life as well. Al Baji was one of the famous scholars among Tojibis in Andalus. Religious men such as Abu lzhaq Al albiri interested in poetry and philosophy as well. Al zarqali and other scientists that contributed to the scientific movement in Andalus
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2010
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: مجيد ماجد محمد الزامل
اسم المؤلف: فؤاد حسين علي التميمي

الحياة الاجتماعية في بلاد الشام قبل الاسلام

المستخلص: The social life in the northern region p e - Islam is considered among the vital and in important subjects that deserves disccusion and study as such subjrcts are considered the basic pillar to be aware of the nature of human and social life that prevailed that area , if we want to display the most important results which we conclude at this study , the following points will appear : 1. Numerous people and nations that belong to pure Arab races had in habited the northern region , the best proof of this is the Arabic names which we receive that thay named such as Hanafi , Saeed and the Arabic names of their kings such as AL - Hareth I , king of Nabatean , Uthayna , king of palmyra and AL - Hareth bin Jabala , the prince of Ghassasina , among those rations are Nabateans , palmyras and Ghassasina as they migrated from different areas due to economical commercial or political reasons in order to hold political alliances , as those people had great role and impact in rising and promoting the civilzation at this region . 2. Those people were able to establish their kingdoms at the territories where they lived such as Nabatean kingdom which was arosenat Transjordan and Ghassasina kingdom in Damascus due to their cultural and educational developing . 3. These kingdoms had had ruling systems organized democraticly based on foundations and principles usually led by the king as monarchy was usually restricted at one family and the king was practicing leadership and ruling responsibilities commonly with the people and this what was happening with the kings of Nabateans , as the king of Nabatean was submitting a complete statement of his work in front of the people . In respect to kings of Ghassasina , they weren’t practicing the responsibilities of leadership freely , but they were undertaking consultation base as the kings were consulting leading personalities of his people about important matters , then their ruling system had changed gradually from chieftain system to monarchy . 4. They had also the system of political establishments which were controlling the affairs inside the kingdom such as Daimus and poli councils especially in palmyra kingdom as they had had establishments contained civil servants for finance and a civil servant responsible for markets , there was the official who was responsible for arbitrating and other jobs . This refers to the extent of developing and progress which their establishments had reached at that period . 5. Various class formations had appeared due to the economical and commercial Flourishing which the people of these kingdoms had reached , so there were the very rich aristocratic class inside Nabatean and palmyra , the middle class and there was also the poor class , which point that the classic formation of their society was organized according to pyramidal succession from the highest to the lowest as it is at our to day society . 6. Woman had a distinct role in building the kingdom , this is what we obviously see in Palmyra and the impact of Zanobia in practicing leadership as the ruling of Zanobia had extended to east territories . 7. The commercial and industrial activities had reached a progress stage due to the nature of their country and its situation which helped them to control the commercial roads that passing their country especially Nabatean and palmyra which led to prominence of cultural , and social aspects and economical prosperity and flourishing as they had known developed industries such as lamps and statues industries and mintage , they were skillful also in decoration . 8. They were fond of and interested in selecting the best types of bragging clothes as their kings were wearing the most bragging clothes made of silk and linen which were embroidered with gold and precious stones and they were perfuming with the best quality of perfume types and their women also were fond of selecting the most beautiful types of cosmatics and pieces of jewelry , what indicate the progress of their goldsmithing is what they were working in pieces of jewelry and gems of Nabatean,s women 9. Various types of separated houses that encarved in big rocks had appeared especially in Nabatean , while the houses of palmyre were built like the houses of rich people at the present time A number of remains which indicate their using of farniture , sofas and chairs in their houses as it is in our houses to day had appeared , this remark the range of their architectural progress in building and arranging their houses . 10. In respect to their marriage , cases of mirrage with the strangers , specially marriage of jewish had appeared , this was at the upper class of Nabatean society , this marriage was occurred due to political impetus this palmyras got married of each other , this marriage often occured at early age . 11. They also had their special feast days , the palmyras in particular as they considered April 6 the most famous religious feast of them and AL - Shaaneen day which the Ghassasina celebrated . 12. As far to their dead and burying them , they had their own customs and ritual to burg them which indicate their respect to them . 13. Religions and worships varied among the people of northern region which some of them had come from Arab peninsula and others from Iraq , so the worship of idols , stars and sun , paganism and christianity had also appeared . The number of idols of palmyras had reached 60 but some worshiped the idols while other embraced christianity . performing these religious rituals were associated with some traditional customs like reading Mass , presenting immolations and votive offering which often were of butching meat . finally , we have to say that the results which we conclude may not be final because knowledage is in continuous progress , but I wish I was successful to pay great attention to the theme of this study and to be of great useful to every one wants to know the nature of social life of northern region’s people including scholars , educated and specialists with Regards .
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
السنة: 2003
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المؤلف: زينب خليل محمد المعموري

تاريخ الاسلام في كتاب تاريخ مار ميخائيل السرياني الكبير بطريرك انطاكية حتى نهاية العصر الراشدي History of Islam in the book of ‎the history of St. Michael the ‎ Great Syriac Patriarch of ‎Antioch until the end ‎ of the Rashidi era

المستخلص: Despite the contemporary Syriac historical events and recorded them in time, but we note many gaps and errors in the transfer of the historical event of St. Michael, some were deliberate and others inadvertently, and we will highlight the most important results we reached through this study : 1. Writing his book was motivated by religious, he addresses the audience of Christians of the East in the first degree and the audience of his church in the second degree.2. Adoption of the patterns of Byzantine yearbooks, followed by a special method in the classification of his book, combining the history of religious as stated in the Bible and the Byzantine yearbooks.3. Dry construction methods are not adopted.4. Michael was influenced by the Arab methods, and he quoted the methods of arranging the articles of his history and limiting them within specific years confined to the rule of the King, Khalifa or Sultan.5. The attribution was not mentioned in the events and replaced by the church fathers, scientists and historians.6. It is not based on Arab historians.7. Adopt the short and direct method of narration without going into details.8. History of the military aspect in the history of the Arab Islamic state, especially the Islamic conquests, and did not address the other aspects : civilization, culture, social status, economic situation and other aspects of life.9. The control of his saying of the divine punishment on his tendency to transfer the Syriac novel to the news of Al - Futuh.10. Accusing Islam of being a religion borrowed from Judaism and Christianity.11. Michael attributes the establishment of the Islamic state to war, murder, pillage and vandalism, and that Islam is based on the sword, and then we see it contradicts itself from this aspect in its history. We see elsewhere in his book that the Islamic religion and other religions did not interfere In matters of faith.12. He deliberately concealed many facts about certain things such as the tribute imposed on the people of Dhimah, which he referred only to its imposition, and did not mention its reasons, purpose and conditions, in order to emphasize that Islam is a religion of greed and greed whose purpose is material benefit.13. A comparison between Islam and Christ, and we see it sometimes in his presentation of the view of Islam to Christ and sometimes make mistakes.14. Many of the topics he talks about directly and without giving introductions to clarify the subject, we refer to the death of the Prophet  directly and without any introductions, and without mentioning the year of his death  or any other events in this regard, (7 years), and did not succeed in that years of the rule of the Prophet  more than seven years.15. He did not mention the old caliphate, its details, and how it was established at the time. It merely states that Abu Bakr is behind the Prophet in the ruling, and then mentions the death of Khalifa and another ruling.16. He addressed the Islamic conquests and the battles that took place during them, without mentioning the name of the battle, merely mentioning the events and the place where they occurred.17. Most of the names of the leaders of the Islamic armies did not mention them correctly, because it tells the events of the conquest of the Byzantine side.18. He referred to natural phenomena such as earthquakes and eclipses, but he did not succeed in mentioning them correctly and often see him exaggerating the story of events.19. He referred to the translation of the Gospel in the time of Caliph Umar ibn al - Khattab, but we found no reference to that translation in the Arab historical accounts, which may be an attempt to translate and not complete.20. Michael concluded his talk about the Rashidi era by referring to the scene of the fire in the reign of Ali bin Abi Talib, for the purpose of stating that Islam is only a religion of fighting and wars
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة كربلاء - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: زمان عبيد وناس نـعـيـم عـبـد جـودة
اسم المؤلف: فاطمة يوسف عباس السعدي

نشاة وتطور التعليم في دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة (1971 - 1991) : دراسة تاريخية

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة ذي قار - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المؤلف: بلسم سالم داود

الامام الحسين (عليه السلام) في كتاب الطبقات الكبير لمحمد بن سعد ت230ه Imam Hussein in Great classes book of Muhammad bn Saad(230 H.D)

المستخلص: Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds and peace and blessings be upon our master Muhammad and his good and pure family. Of the well - known that Imam Hussein had played a major and pivotal role in the events of Islamic history. This role has had a great and wide impact all over the globe to this day . Many historians took up his revolution and his biography according to their method and intention , some of them , used the summary, others used details . Among them was Mohammed bin Saad al - Basri ( 230 H.D \ 844 A.D) , the fact that this author was known in leadership in writing history of the first and second centuries A H . moreover, his book " great classes book of Ibn Saad " is one of the first books that classified in the strata of the companionsand those who came after them until his time. Although the book has been printed several times since 1904 AD, but all these editions have been removed from the translation of Imam Hussein , and the information of the book did not appear to the scholars, researchers and readers only after one hundred year after its printing. So scholar thought it had not translated about Imam Hussein.The study included a preface, five chapters and conclusion . The boot came to show the author and his writing in general , his book and the general classes in particular , which include the resources and methodology of Imam Hussein. The first chapter included three topics dealing with social dimensions, worship and politics , which focused on his birth, name , sons and his wives. The second chapter included Imam Hussein's preface to the event through his dealings with the Amawyeen authorities and his supports and Shiites and the transmission of books and messengers and how to deal with the obstacles that faced his revolution.B As well as his way of responding to those who were advised by those who differed the ways of thinking, which most mentioned Ibn Saad . that Imam Hussein used several methods to respond to them. The third chapter the writer focus on the armed options in the revolution and how he faced enemies , which included his arrival in Karbala and his killing and martyrdom with his all family. The fourth chapter explained the implications of Husseiniya Revote on the Amawyeen and Islamic societies, and how this led to the destruction of the rule of Umayyads. The fifth chapter focused on the importance of Ibn Saad's novel in historical sources which indicated the importance of his novel to historians, who were in his time or who came from beyond. Including Ibn Asakir in his book " History of Damascus " and Sibtt bin Jawzi in his book " Reminding Characteristics " . the conclusion showed the most important results reached by the researcher.Adopted the study on two hundred and sixty major source and secondary references .In conclusion, this effort modest is an attempt to define the character sacrificed everything for the defense of religion and save the nation of injustice and slavery.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2019
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: شكري ناصر عبد الحسن المياحي
اسم المؤلف: سالم لذيذ والي الغزي

تجارة البحر الاحمر خلال العصر العباسي

الصفحات الاولى:
اللغة: العربية
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: خاشع عيادة المعاضيدي

عبد الله بن جعفر بن ابي طالب عليه السلام 1 - 80هـ / 622 - 700م : دراسة في حياته العامة

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2008
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم جدوع محسن السلمي
اسم المؤلف: انور عبد علي حميد

الحياة الاسرية لائمة اهل البيت (عليهم السلام)

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية الاساسية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2011
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المؤلف: مها عبد الله نجم

احمد عبد الهادي الحبوبي ونشاطه السياسي حتى عام 2003 Ahmed Abdul Hadi Al Habbobi and his political activity until 2003

المستخلص: History of contemporary Iraq witnessed historical events have led to the emergence of several political personalities have an impact on the change of the events which require study of these characters and see their outstanding role to their appearance in the Iraqi arena, its impact on the audiences that are the cornerstone of history, and that in itself is reason to know the characters that influenced the mass medium and the reason to make historical events over the years ago. Among the most prominent of those characters that left vast echo in Iraqi arena Ahmed Abdul Hadi Al Habbobi a political activist and former Minister in the Republican era II 1963 - 1968 and is one of the most veteran figures who synchronize Iraq events since royal era until US occupation of Iraq in 2003. After studying the character of Ahmed Al Habbobi and tracing his political activity , turned out several of the following; - The family of Ahmed Al Habbobi is from the known Najaf families as the Arab character involving many men of science and literature and the clergy and was notably his uncle Said Mohamed Saeed Al Habbobi, and all those - prominent characters that left clear impact on his personality and influenced by national and Arab character ,regarded as prominent character for this prominent family. - City of Najaf left an impact among her sons sprit through the love of science and culture and language eloquence and eloquence of speech and Instilling in the population the love of country and defended and left national impact , including Ahmed Al Habbobi. - He Joined to the party of independence in 1946, after being briefed on his national objectives, and his admiration with Sheikh Mohamed Mahdi Kubba personality ,Independence Party Chairman who had a deep connection with his uncle Mr. Mohamed Saeed Al Habbobi, aware that the party objectives meet his aspirations and ambitious to achieve the national goals and the full independence of Iraq. - He shared with his colleges students in January 1948 leap and student demonstrations in 1952 and subjected to prosecution by the police and managed to disappear and he returned to Najaf city after the situation calmed . In the same year he contributed to the formation of the National Youth Bureau in Najaf with Sheik Ahmed Al Jazaeri where he is careful to his city sons in the drift of the current communist regime and worked hard to earn the national mainstream youth. - From the leading roles, most notably that were one of the reasons for the emergence of Ahmed Al Habbobi in the political arena through his leadership of the Najaf uprising in 1956 that came out after thetripartite aggression against Egypt, was an uprising in favor and supportive of Egypt and opposed to aggression. - He was one of the a participant in the Najaf delegation that celebrated 14 July revolution ,1958 and delivered a speech expressing the joy of Iraqi people who hoped that a new era in the history of modern Iraq. - After the revolution subjected to harassment and assault by communists who trespass on his office and lit it on fire after he came out in a procession to commemorate the death of Prophet Mohamed (prayer of God be upon him and his family and peace), after that he decided to leave to Saudi Arabia to avoid the arrest. - He returned to Iraq after the coup of 8 February 1963, to participate in the activities of the Socialist Arab Party after he announced his affiliation, for his ethics and his qualities which marked , add to that he nominated to the political Bureau of the Socialist Arab Party and mandated to him the work and coordination between the provinces and all lines of the party. - In 1965 had a position as Minister of municipal and Rural Affairs in the second ministry of Tahir Yahya ,where he lasted (40) days after opposing the Arab Socialist Party members on his participation in the Government, and the failure of Abdul Salam Arif with his promise to form a real national Government, he preferred to resign to maintain his status and identity.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية الاساسية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: عماد نعمة العبادي
اسم المؤلف: ثناء عبد الحسين جابر

الحيوان في الفكر العربي حتى عام 11 هجرية/ 632 ميلادية : دراسة تاريخية Animals in the Arabic Thought up to 11 Hijri

المستخلص: Animals had a great value to the Arabs when compared with anything else if the horses excluded, for it was called the fortune. The word fortune' that Arabs used meant the camels. They measured the tribe's power and dignity with the number of camels obtained by the tribe. The more number means the more importance to the tribe. It was at the same time, cost to happiness sadness. The bride's dowry was a number of female camels and her value is measured with their increasing camels number Abla's story is well known for all when her father limited one hundred female camels to her dowry. Thus, camel were cost stop blood and to pay unintended killing according to what the people decide or agree at that time. Camels were the Arabs companion since a long time. They were the desert ship and life artery as well as they were basis to his poem, oration, poetry, living source, transportation means, and the war equipment. Camels were mentioned in the old holy books. In the Bible, we find that Sheba's queen came to Salmon in a very great convoy o camels carrying perfumes, gold, and precious stones. Due to the animals importance in the holy Quran, we mention according to the time priority : 1) The wisdom behind mentioning crow in the Adam's prophet story save other animals2) The cow : the cow was mentioned in the holy Quran. It is the longest sura and named by this name 3) The wolf : it is the story of our prophet Yousif.4) The hoopoe, it is the Sheba's queen story and the prophet Salmon 5) The prophet Salih's story and his she camel.6) The story of Salmon' ant 7) The story of Mose's stick 8) The story of the seven sleepers of Ephesus and their dog 9) The story of Younis whale10) The story of Cave's spider11) The story of Ibraham's bird 12) The elephant story 13) The story of the prophet Mohammed's she camel, Al Qeswa'a The camel was mentioned in the holy Quran when this comparison followed by raising the heaven. This refers to the high creativity of this creature There are suras in the holy Quran named by animals names and their private attributes indicating to them save other beasts as ( carriage, beds, body, riding, sacrifice). In the Cattle sura (verse 143) " And of the cattle (He produceth) some for burdens, some for food. Eat of that which Allah hath bestowed upon you, and follow not the footsteps of the devil, for lo! he is an open foe to you.". In the Pilgrimage (verse 36)" And the camels! We have appointed them among the ceremonies of Allah. Therein ye have much good ". so, the camels is the plural of camel which is the camel. It was named so for its great body In the Folding Up "And when the camels big with young are abandoned" The word " the camel" was mentioned in seven Ayas in the Quran, three times in the Cow Sura (Aya 196), three times in the Table Spread (Ayas 95, 97), and in one time in the Victory (A ya 25), the Camels were also mentioned. The first thing that calls sight in the chaste prophet biography is the prophet saying camels are pride to its owners" The prophet recommended the care with camels when he said "if you pass through green land, let camels take their chance and if you pass throughr mountainous land try to accelerate" Thus, this clear case that green land is for grazing while in dryness it should not stay for long time. History mentioned some famous camels such as 1) Al Besous she camel.2) Khelou Bin Rouhi : has a famous story that Arabs described in their tales( if it becomes pregnant, it will be heavy; if it walks, it has long steps; if it is slaughtered, it satisfied; and if it is milked, it quenches the thirst) The prophet was true when he said ( camels are pride to its owners, sheep are blessing, and the good is within horses till the doom day).Islam honored horses and camels mentioning their great importance as a symbol. Power, and a means to declare the divine message and conveying sciences and knowledge to the liberated lands. Thus, horses, camels, and other animals became a means where muslims knights rode to liberate the world Finally, I could prove with this modest effort through my study and research for this topic (Animals in the Arabic Thought up to 11 Hiji) the decisive evidence between the readers and generations that Arabs and Islamic nation could enrich humanity with science and support with schoiars. This was a decisive answer with Quranic proofs and prophet speeches implying images of creation and Quranic miraculous of the animals sura which form the basic significance in the human life till our present time Arab nation and Islamic nation, through holy Quran suras and the prophet speeches preceded the animals right in the Quran and the prophet speeches that indicates the Arabs and muslims preceded the west in the animals right. In this concern, poets wrote poems, proverbs were established, with many military, economic, commercial, and psychological uses. The current paper is also an answer to those who deny the Arab nation as a nation of the holy Quran that descended in their Arabic language as anilliterate nation that has no science and scholars. By this modest effort, I prove through my study and searching this topic, the Arabs and muslims role who preceded all nations in their sciences including zoology. This was stated before time and history witnesses this mentioning the advanced construction of science and scholars llah to raise troubles from my nation and to save my country from occupation I ask a which targeted sciences, scholars, and culture, that zoology is a colour among others. I ended this by Allah sura Iraham : Deem not that Allah is unaware of what the wicked do He but giveth them a respite till a day when eyes will stre (in terror),(42) As they come hurrying on in fear, their heads upraised, their gaze hearts as air. (43) And warn mankind of a day when the doom will come upon them, and those who did wrong will say : Our Lord! Reprieve us for a little while. We will obey Thy call and will follow the messengers. (It will be answered) : Did ye not swear before that there would be no end for you? (44) And (have ye not) dwelt in the dwellings of those who wronged themselves (of old) and (hath it not) become plain to you how We dealt with them and made examples for you? (45)
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة كربلاء - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: انتصار لطيف حسن السبتي
اسم المؤلف: عماد عمران عبيد ابو حديدة

الموالي في العراق دراسة في احوالهم العامة حتى سنة (132 هـ) The pro - Iraq study in their general conditions until the year (132 AH

المستخلص: The Mawali (non - Arab Muslim allies) represented one influential factor in the Arabic - Islamic community. The significant intellectual achievements they left in diverse sciences and arts, especially the religious and the literary, made them a salient signpost.The term "Mawali" appeared before Islam due to the circumstances that prevailed as a result of the wars that swept the Arabian Peninsula. However, it prevailed after non - Arabs converted to Islam; those came to be known as "Mawali". The Arabic singular "Mawla" also referred to an Arab alley, a usage that diversified the meaning of alliance. There is a significant amount of research on the Mawali. Researchers investigated the social and economic aspects of their life as well as their political role, in addition to their intellectual achievements. The Gharrawi study put a detailed bibliography on the names of authors who tackled the intellectual influence of the Mawali during the Ummayad Era. The study included the Mawali all over the Arab Islamic State. In this study, the researcher investigates their intellectual influence in Iraq; shedding light on their contribution as a group which was said to be marginalized and whose simple humanitarian rights were denied, as such, they resorted to make up the inferiority by excelling intellectually. The researcher presents a positive picture of the Mawali's intellectual activities since the Early Islamic Era until the end of the Umayyad Era.The study consists of five chapters with an introduction, conclusion, and a list of bibliography. The meaning of the term "Mawali" is explained in chapter one, with the Mawali's social and economic life. Chapter two is entitled The Influence of the Mawali in the Religious Sciences, these sciences include the sciences of the Quran, interpretation, Quranic readings, prophetic tradition (Hadith), and Kalam (Islamic scholastic theology). In chapter three tackles the Mawali's contribution to the military, while chapter four examines their achievement in the social sciences like the Arabic language and the science of Qasas (Quranic stories). And chapter five focuses on the Mawali's most important administrative positions after the Umayyads policy change because of their need for the Mawali's services, administrative and leadership skills. This had led to the Ummayads assigning important and critical roles to them; roles which were assigned only to the loyal members of the Ummayad house.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة كربلاء - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: انتصار لطيف حسن السبتي
اسم المؤلف: سوسن عباس حسين الجابري

اثار الثورة الصناعية في اوضاع الطبقة العاملة بالمدن الصناعية البريطانية 1837 - 1901 The effects of the Industrial Revolution on the conditions of the working class in British industrial cities (1837 - 1901)

المستخلص: This thesis dealt with the study of the effects of the industrial revolution on the conditions of the working class in British industrial cities during the Victorian era (1837 - 1901), and was divided into an introduction, a prelude, four chapters and an end.The prelude to the emergence of industrial revolution in Britain during the second half of the eighteenth century, showing the theories of the pioneers of economic thought and its impact on the growth of consciousness of the working class before 1837.The first chapter examined the effects of the industrial revolution on the working class conditions until 1837, and included three aspects : The first topic dealt with the challenges faced by the working class in industrial cities prior to the Victorian era. The second section explained the exploitation of workers by employers, While the third topic is devoted to highlighting the role of trade unions in demanding the rights of workers.The second chapter deals with the role of the working class in establishing the documentary movement and the government's position on the struggle of workers and their suffering until 1848, and divided into three sections. The first topic explained the factors that led to the establishment of the working class by the working class. (1839 - 1848), and the third section of the British government's legislation to improve working class conditions (1842 - 1848).IIThe third chapter deals with the economic and social effects of the industrial revolution on the working class and the reactions thereof during the period (1848 - 1881). It included two topics : The first topic dealt with the study of the suffering of workers from the hardships of living and working conditions during the period (1848 - 1881) The laws of factories issued during the period (1850 - 1881) and their effect on improving working conditions.Chapter Four traces the economic and political developments on the ideology of the working class and its political orientations during the period (1881 - 1901). It included three aspects : The first topic dealt with the role of the working class in the formation of the Socialist Unions and Societies during the period 1881 - 1893. Who worked on the establishment of the Independent Labor Party (1893). The third topic explained the role of the working class in the establishment of the British Labor Party and its political activity during the period (1900 - 1901(.The conclusion highlighted the most important results achieved through the study, including the role of the working class in the development of industry in Britain during the Victorian era, the great suffering suffered by the working class due to exploitation by the owners of factories and capitalists, and the establishment of the working class to establish trade unions and socialist unions and political parties In order to demand their rights and success in forcing the legislative and executive authorities to respond to their demands.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة كربلاء - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: حيدر صبري شاكر الخيقاني
اسم المؤلف: هديل حسن قاسم الياسري

محمد الجسر ودوره السياسي والاداري في لبنان حتى عام 1934 م

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: قحطان حميد كاظم
اسم المؤلف: عبد الخالق محمد عبد

مصر وبلاد الشام في عصر دولة المماليك البحرية من خلال كتب الرحالة والبلدانيين : دراسة في الحياة العامة (648 - 784هـ/1250 - 1382م) Egypt and Sham in Mamluke Naval State Era Through Travelers and Statemen Books : A Study in the General Life ( 1382 - 1250 AD / 648 - 784 H )

المستخلص: This study includes five chapters with different number of pages for each due to the information each one has. Chapter one deals with shedding light on Mamluke and the reason why they are named as such and on their origins. It also deals with how they came to the Islamic world and to the Arab Homeland in general ad to Egypt in particular. Besides, this chapter focus on how they appeared in the political setting and how they saved the Islamic world from Mangol and how faced their army who destroyed everything they passed - by without mercilessly. It also covers the restoration of the Abbasside Caliph and moving it from Baghdad into Egypt after it was invaded by Mangol in 656 H. The second chapter covers the political and administrative sides during Mamluke era . It also covers the highest posts in Mamluke state , their salaries and sultan's gifts for them. Chapter three is dedicated to the economic and social sides like agriculture , industry , minerals , trade , scales , rivers , lakes , gulfs , bridges building and growing some of the plants. This chapter makes a mention for the existence of some minerals in these regions. It focuses on the social side in Egypt and Sham which demonstrates their clothes and chevrons which they were wearing when sultan was out or in Fridays or in Ceremonies. Chapter four is about the scientific and intellectual sides in the Mamluke naval state. It covers some of the science and scientists. It also makes a mention for the schools and the interest mamluke showed to encourage the scientists and scholars when they tended to gift them. Finally, chapter five encompasses the religious side . It covers how Mamluke were interested in building mosques and the pillars that were hanging the covering of the Kaaba. It also sheds light on the interest in pilgrims and how they were facilitating their caravans as led by one of the princes chosen by sultan for that mission in a great ceremony. It shows how sultan helped those pilgrims who were unable to afford pilgrimage expenses and costs and those who were handicapped to carry them to Hejaz with great protection.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: محمود فياض حمادي
اسم المؤلف: عبد الحكيم صالح عبد القادر

غوستاف ستريزمان واثره في السياسة الالمانية 1878 - 1929 Gustav Stresemann and His impact on the German Policy (1878 - 1929)

المستخلص: Studying historical figures and their impact on different fields is regarded as one of the important studies for understanding different historical events that lead to economic, social, political, and intellectual developments. On this basis, the topic of this study was "Gustav Streseman and His impact on the German Policy (1878 - 1929)" for shedding the light on this important figure in the modern and contemporary history of Germany. He saved no effort to get Germany out of its international isolation and building relations with European countries based on peace and respect ,especially with France regarding the interests of his country. This choice was also made by the encouragement of my respectful professor Dr. Muntaha Athaab and her support in studying European history.The study consisted of an introduction, four chapters, and a conclusion that contained the most important findings of the study. The first chapter discussed the social and intellectual life of Streseman as well as his early political work. It talked about his birth and the family he descended from, his education in the different stages, his mentors. It also discussed his life in university and the emergence of his political tendency by entering the field of politics and joining the National Liberal Party, then, his election as a member in the Reichstag and the chairmanship of the economic committee until 1912.The second chapter discussed Streseman's role in the National Liberal Party and the Reichstag 1912 - 1918. It started by stating the role of Streseman in the party and heading the economic committee as well as winning second term in the Reichstag in 1914 and his second heading of the economic committee. It also discussed his attitude towards Germany's declaring of war against France in 1914. It also highlighted his role in the Reichstag in making amendments in the German constitution, and resolving the crisis of 1917.The third chapter investigated the role of Streseman in the Peoples Party, Reichstag and Chancellery between 1918 - 1923. It included his stand in the coup of Berlin in 1918 and his political stands in the Peoples Party 1919 - 1922. This chapter also illustrated his political role in heading the foreign affairs committee in the Reichstag until becoming the chancellor in 1923, as well as his chancellorship in August 1923 and his internal policy through the reformative decisions he made; his campaigns against the communists in different places in Germany; and his foreign policy with France in resolving the invasion of the Ruhr region.The fourth chapter focused on the role of Streseman in the foreign policy of his country in his foreign ministry 1923 - 1929 which is the year of his death as well as his role in the Peoples Party. The chapter highlighted his efforts in resolving the problem of compensations with France and the rejection of the Geneva Protocol project proposed by France to ensure its boarders with Germany. This chapter also discussed his political role and efforts in establishing Locarno Convention until his death in 1929. The study has reached the following conclusions : 1. The attention that Streseman had by his family, their adherence that he should continue his study made him a good reader and curious which led to excellency, admiration of his mentors, his high self - esteem, the passion to renew and change, and later, fame.2. The beginnings of his intellectual awareness were his observations of the disadvantages and advantages of religious men and their exploitation of people under the cover of religion. On this basis, he believed that the religious men should not interfere with politics. After he joined the university, the idea of entering the field of politics became to crystalize in his mind. After he became interested in politics and intellectuality, he began studying history very carefully, especially the history of Germany. After he studied the personality of Bismarck, he became interested in him and learned a lot from him. This was obvious in his policy (as will be shown in the study).3. Through his study of the history of Germany and the policy of Bismarck, Streseman realized the importance of economy for every country in the world. This is why he studied political economics in his masters and doctorate degrees as he believed in the necessity of developing and pushing the German economy forward to achieve development in all the aspects and resolve many social problems, especially the poor class. 4. Streseman also realized that developing economy needs political stability of his country and solving the problems with France like the problem of compensations and the invasion of the Rohr region. He started with important steps in this respect. The first step was to get Germany out of its isolation and building strong diplomatic relations with the other European countries, then starting to resolve the problems with France. Streseman preferred peace and resolving political disagreements by reasoning and dialogue between all the countries due to his sincerity in serving his country and reaching the level of developed European countries. This is what he achieved when he ran the foreign ministry.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: منتهى عذاب ذويب
اسم المؤلف: لــؤي تـوفيق حسن

الواقع الصحي والتعليمي في لواء ديالى للمدة 1958 - 1921

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: قحطان حميد كاظم
اسم المؤلف: نور فاضل حمزة

سعيد باشا واثره الاداري والسياسي في مصر (1863 - 1822) Saeed Basha : His Political and Administrative Influence in Egypt

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: وسام علي ثابت
اسم المؤلف: مصطفى نوري وهيب

عبدالهادي الظاهر واثره السياسي والاقتصادي في العراق حتى عام 1978 The Political and Economic Impact of Abdulhadi Al - Dhaher in Iraq up to 1978

المستخلص: Historical studies is too much concerned with studying the effective characters that played a major role in the events. This study entitled " Abd Al - Hadi Al - Dhahir and his Political and Economical Effect in Iraq till 1978", is concerned with studying deeply the role ofthis famous character in the contemporary history of Iraq.This study is divided into an introduction, three chapters and conclusions. It's importance rises from this character that witnessed the events of the new Iraqi government in 1921 - 1978, the year of his death, in all its political and economical situations.Chapter two , entitled " His administrative and Political Role" , is about Abd Al - Hadi's administrative role in his job. Besides his political role in the events at his time. This study has benefited a lot from this character's CV in Iraqi Law Association, the Arabic and translated books and theses that dealt with the famous characters lived in his era. Chapter three is entitled " His Attitude towards the Political, Economical and Social Issues". The recorded meetings of the Iraqi parliament provided the researcher with immense information about this character's role in the political, economical and social issues. Besides, the researches and studies that dealt with the political events as part of the events at his time were helpful.The role of Abd Al - Hadi Al - Dhahir in the politics and economics in Iraq was great, in spite of not being accounted as one of the first class politicians in Iraq, but still his works and accomplishments were obvious in the contemporary history of Iraq . This was shown by his role in the administrative field, his good reputation in society, his political role by being elected three times and being in three important political parties in Iraq and his economical role as a minister of economics in 1946.Abd Al - Hadi Al - Dhahir died in 28 of December 1978 leaving a tremendous heritage for the contemporary history of Iraq
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: عبد الجليل مزعل بنيان الساعدي
اسم المؤلف: فؤاد هادي مهدي العلكاوي

عبد الحميد كاظم حميد واثره الثقافي والسياسي في العراق 1912 - 1958 م Abdul Hameed Kadhim Hameed And His Cultural And Political Influence In Iraq 1912 - 1958

المستخلص: During the monarchic rule in Iraq , attention was focused , by the researchers, on Iraqi figures who played great role in the cultural and political situation . But , sufficient information were lacking concerning those figures . That was why they were not tackled as a subject for a thesis or a dissertation. For an instance ,Abdul Hameed Kadhim , the subject of this thesis, had his own role on education extension and improvement Ministry of Education or so - called Al Ma'arif witnessed at the time.However , the thesis falls into an introduction , three chapters and a conclusion . The first chapter deals with the early life of Abdul Hameed Kadhim from May 15 , 1912 to April 17, 1950. The second chapter tackles the period from April 17, 1950 - June 22, 1957.While the third chapter traces the afterward period of June 22,1957 to July 14, 1958.The conclusions are summed up as follows : 1.Abdul Hameed's great ambition , continuous work aiming at discarding ignorance and improving Iraqi cultural affairs with countries all over the world made him a magnificent figure ever recalled by future generations.2. Abdul Hameed has preserved a good relation with UNESCO . UNESCO showed confidence in Abdul Hameed's considerable culture and as a result his experiences were made use of ,by the organization, after the collapse of the monarchic rule.3.Abdul Hameed had his own cultural affairs altogether with some cultural treaties with foreign countries. Those affairs and treatises were of use to have an idea about foreign cultures on the one hand and cultural prosperity in Iraq on the other hand
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: صادق حسن السوداني
اسم المؤلف: عدنان ياسين حسين الخزرجي

محمد البشير الابراهيمي واثره الاصلاحي والسياسي في الجزائر 1889 - 1965 Mohammed Basheer Al - Ebrahimi and His Reforming and Political Impact in Algeria 1889 - 1965

المستخلص: In tracing the personality of Mohammed Basheer Al - Ebrahimi and his reforming and political impact in Algeria (1889 - 1965), it is concluded that : His birth was during the circumstances accompanying the French colonization of Algeria which adopted killing and usurping Algerian lands as an effective weapon to restrict and lessen revolutions against it. Through his first years on, he has known the processes and policy of colonialism followed to Franchise Algeria and changing its identity. He felt that painful reality till he adapted himself to be as good as those challenges.Al - Ebrahimi has followed the same route adopted by other reformers which is in travelling and learning in the Arabian Orient for the sake of knowledge and getting rid of the French occupation. Thus, he went through the most important scientific centers like Egypt, al - Madinah al - Monawarah and Damascus. He, therefore, had lots of students who were fascinated by his spectacular personality and wide knowledge.The study delineated his status in carrying the message of humanity via his influence by Islamic modernists and thinkers as Jamal Eddin Al - Afghani and Mohammed Abda among others. His appearance was in concordance with the emergence of great scholars as his generation was the generation of paramount scholars for their clear approach was reformation, revival, rejecting colonialization and not standing in its side. This is proved in the incident when France wanted from certain parties to stand by its side in WWII, at that time, Al - Ebrahimi stood firmly against that notion, a fact that led to his imprisonment twice.His efforts with his companions were fruitful as exemplified in their establishing Algerian Muslim Scholars Assembly in 1931 along with Bin Badis and he was appointed a deputy of the Assembly. In this role he was characterized by doing great missions in the Assembly seen in his travels among Algerian villages and cities in spite of French spies and Algerian traitors who were spying on his activities and those of his companions. Nevertheless, he was able to accomplish many educational and cultural enterprises set to develop Algerian youths' abilities to fetch a way for independence through his lessons and lectures in the disciplinary clubs.Al - Ebrahimi has walked in the reforming approach that characterized him and other reformers which is based on educating Algerians and revolting against the reality that was effected by colonialization and Methodism and things he was suffering from due to the French invasion and the Methodism that was moving hand in hand with colonialism. Thus, he emphasized the Algerian Islamic identity and Arabic language being the language of the Glorious Quran and Prophet's (peace be upon him) tradition so as to lead the society back to its Arabian origins and cleansing it of those policies and what has resulted from them on all levels and among all Algerian people.Moreover, he made use of Albasaer and other newspapers as a platform to spread the word of truth he sought to defend since he was in Algeria and continued to defend out of Algeria in Eastern Arab countries which became a cornerstone of defending the Algerian cause. He, and his companions in Algerian Muslim Scholars Assembly, became the basis of Algerian renaissance as well as the front that is aiming at exposing the colonialist policy and standing against occupation. Therefore, the occupation authorities stood against the activities of the Assembly andending its reforming role, yet the Assembly and its men continued their activities via sticking to the principles and methods it was built upon.Furthermore, his nationalist notions that were characterized by the call to reformation were not regional focusing only on Algeria, his vision was based on serving all Arabic and Islamic causes he defended using his pen and tongue whether in his stay on Algeria or in the Arabian Orient, clarifying thus the Arabic flavor of North Africa. Therefore, his thoughts were nationalistic and comprehensive in order to achieve the dreams of Arab countries consuming his pen and thought in an attempt to bring back the glories of the Arab Islamic Civilization.His efforts extended to establish various associations (Lovers of and Rhetoric and Freedom, the High Committee Defending and Respecting Freedom, the High Committee for Helping Palestine, and others). These associations aimed at freeing Algeria and the Arab countries from colonial dominance. Through them, the Algerian and Arab youths became active for the sake of the Algerian cause.What has characterized his political work is that he was patient, i.e., believing in the part to reach the whole. Thus his demands were bringing back the ingredients of the fighting Algerian personality, enforcing the national identity and dedication for the sake of independence.The fruit of his efforts were apparent in opening wide horizons in the Arab Orient for academic scholarships sponsored by the Scholars Assembly to Arab and Islamic countries to be supervised by him and to travel from country to another to safeguard admissions in these countries and returning back home to improve and develop the scientific environment. This is due to his belief that renaissance lies within those people and what knowledge and sciences they would get is to serve thescientific and cultural movement with quick steps for the need of the Algerians.His travels inside and outside of Algeria made of him a reforming figure who is known among Algerians through his lectures and lessons to Algerians in villages and cities. This experiment afforded him the responsibility to lead Algeria towards the freedom revolution. Abroad, he became famous by means of meeting various scholars, thinkers and many political figures, a fact that labelled him well - known to a great extent.He spent all his life in strife and put his varied talents to serve his country, religion and nation. To this objective, he sacrificed man's dearest things of money, family, welfare and positions and endured a life full of tiredness, sickness, wakefulness and alienation.He was a faithful ambassador for his country for he spread the Algerian cause all over the world locations he visited in order to support it thanks to his pen and tongue. He also roamed Arab Orient countries for the sake of achieving a support for the Algerian cause identifying thus the struggle of Algerians against France which wanted to erase its personality and isolate it from its Arabian and Islamic environment.He was among the pioneer fighters who labored hard to support the Algerian revolution and seeing its fruit. He welcomed the revolution in its second day of emergence while in Egypt calling for the unity of Algerians and investing this revolution for the objective of achieving a more sublime goal, which is, freeing all Algerian lands from French occupation, exerting to this aim all efforts to make Algeria free as other Arab countries that got rid of colonial occupation to see Algeria as a whole fully independent and to dismiss the occupation and its supporters out of Algerian lands.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: هزبر حسن شالوخ
اسم المؤلف: سولاف عبد الرحمن ناجي

السيرة النبوية من خلال تفسيري ابن ابي حاتم الرازي والبغوي : دراسة موازنة

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: احمد مطر خضير العبيدي
اسم المؤلف: سارة محمود محمد الاوسي

مصادر المياه في شبه الجزيرة العربية قبل الاسلام : دراسة تاريخية جغرافية

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: شاكر محمود اسماعيل العبيدي
اسم المؤلف: رؤى وسام ماجد علوان

الصناعات الخشبية في العراق القديم حتى سنة612 ق.م : دراسة تاريخية The wooden Industries In Ancient Iraq Till 612 B.C Historical Study

المستخلص: The Wooden Industries From Important Industries Which contributed in Essential Way development of civilization, The woods are considered as one of the most common raw materials that human has used in nature this is due to the various qualities which are rarely available in some other raw materials and with civilizational advance represented in establishing of many cities and emerging of many Important Industries and the increase in figures of population there had been a greater need for woods. wooden Industries started to development and woods were used in different joints of life The subject of wood industry was chosen in order to get to know their economic activity through its distinguished position and to discover the role it played in the development of civilization thus. The present thesis is divided into two parts. Part one contained four chapters, the first chapter deals with the kinds of timber and its linguistic meaning through the identification of the timber as it was stated in the cuneiform texts of Sumerians and Akkadians ,as well as the names of the different kinds of wood in Akkadian and the use of each kind of timber. Moreover, the cuneiform texts provided us with the different uses of wood. The second chapter deals with the sources of timber, including what was found inside Iraq as a source of local timber and then the mention of the sources of timber from other countries such as the Gulf, the Levant, Anatolia and Iran. The cuneiform sources provided us with the information of bringing the timber from these areas. The Levant occupied the first place as the most famous region in the production of timber and timber trees, especially the cedar. The kings of Mesopotamia considered bringing the wood as an extraordinary achievement. The third chapter deals with the carpenter who is mentioned in cuneiform sources, and then talking about the carpenter tools and different uses and their contributions significantly to the development of industries, including wood and furniture, some wood, machinery and tools. More light is thrown on the craft of carpenter, and how the craftmanship is given with full training for his children to the craft. The carpenter adopted a child to train him to this craft. The fourth chapter deals Illustrates the use of wood in construction, where the wood was an important material for the construction and it was complementary to other materials .In fact, their date goes back to the architecture of Mesopotamia in the prehistoric times when the trunks of trees were used. The palm trees were used in roofing the building blocks, wood was also used as columns assigned roofs and balconies, as well as the use of timber in the work of the doors and gates. The second part is divided into six chapters. The first one mentions that most of the furniture were made of wood and a few cases of ivory, wood, metal and the fact that perishable material, the archaeological excavations did not succeed in finding examples of them except in decorating furniture, metals, ivory, cloth. The second chapter deals with the manufacture of agricultural tools and irrigation, including the ax and shovel and sickle. Other tools for irrigation and machinery are made of wood and they have contributed significantly to the irrigating farmland. The third chapter desribes the arms industry as a result of the real need for them by men. With regard to the need of the people to arms it is important to state that man in that time was in continuous struggle against wild animals. There were internal conflicts which needed the arms.What is more, the timber is widely used in the manufacture of weapons, including light spears and bows and arrows and others. As well as the use of wood in the manufacture of heavy weapons and rams as well as military tanks used in that time in Mesopotamia, in modern Assyrian modern weapons makers have excelled in the manufacture of these heavy weapons. Because it required precise technical skill in dealing with the wood because the arms industry in particular, including heavy industries was not easy, this required big amounts of timber. Moreover, the use of land transport in the movement and transport of goods and so it played a significant role in the industry to reach a vehicle used by the residents of Mesopotamia. The fourth chapter expounds the transport industry and ground water, where the transport is a major factor in the development of civilization. As for the fifth chapter, it develops the manufacture of musical instruments, as far as music is a manifestation of civilization in Mesopotamia. Industry and musical instruments in Mesopotamia are a genuine civilization which has reached the level of sublime in terms of technical, professional perspective and Mesopotamia was always in the forefront of many achievements, including musical instruments manufacture. The sixth chapter deals with other Industries of wood, including wood work whiteboard despite the lack of use in the writing of cuneiform texts. The cuneiform texts mentions the use of wood for specific purposes, it mentions also the use of wood for the handcuffs for the prisoners. It depicted some scenes technical way of holding prisoners with timber of wood, as well as the subject focuses on the work of the coffins to bury the dead, formerly the palm trees were used for this purpose. As for the sources of the research they have been varied they are based on books and researches taken from the cuneiform references which dealt with f technical, economic and moral aspects
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
السنة: 2011
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: سهيلة مجيد احمد
اسم المؤلف: احمد سلطان محمد الحياني

جبل عامل في لبنان : دراسة تاريخية 1918 - 1943 JABAL AMIL AREA In Lebanon Historical study 1918 - 1943

المستخلص: JABAL AMIL AREA" in Lebanon ( Historical study , 1918 - 1943" JabalAmil " has been considered one of the historical cities in the Arab world in respect to political , social and economic levels . Historically , this area is linked to the modern and contemporary history of Lebanon , especially the period lying between 1918 - 1943) as being described as an important historical area in the contemporary history of Lebanon; besides , this area has submitted sublime political and intellectual figures that depicted the historical reality for all the late ages . The year 1918 has been witnessed as the French 's occupation to Lebanon and the end of the second world war having a great effect upon changing the historical conditions in JabalAmil area . The period has been ended in 1943 that being witnessed the independence of Lebanon. The thesis is divided into an introduction, and four chapters an conclusion; the chapter one includes the general conditions of the over mentioned area until the year 1918 and it has been considered as a preface for the study. The chapter two includes the political conditions in JabalAmil area during the period lying between 1918 - 1926, while the chapter third includes the role of those specializing into the political conditions during the period between 1926 - 1936. The chapter four the political developments in this area between 1936 - 1943 , along with the attitude of the political figures therein. In conclusion, the thesis has reached to historical conclusion , most importantly that the JabalAmil area is represented as a civilized area in respect to the cultural and intellectual domain and not in the stage of the study only , but rather in all historical stages . It has concluded that the concerned person refused the French occupation that was relaying on dividing Arab world since they was believing into the Arabic Unity , especially Levant. In addition, the concerned persons resisted French occupation with all means including the military and political one for their believe into the unity of Home and its independence.Most importantly of what has been mentioned above , that the concerned persons have submitted a political example having connection with the national attitudes and with national figures that imposed its status in the historical reality in JabalAmil area , most prominent figure was " Abdul Hussein Sharaf Al - Din Al - Amili and others . Besides, that any researcher writes about the history of Lebanon , he should not neglect to write about the history of JabalAmil area intellectually and politically for being described as Lebanon 's vital area and its national domain that will be remained prominent across ages.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية الاساسية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: ايلاف عاصم مصطفى
اسم المؤلف: لقاء سامي سعيد الكناني

علال الفاسي ودوره السياسي والفكري في المغرب 1956 - 1974 Allal Al - Fassi Political and in tellectual cycle in Morocco 1956 - 1974

المستخلص: Accounted For The study of Political Figures in The history of contemporary Arab in Terest, and This Pattern of Historical research and Scruting because of Its importance in writing and documenting Various phases which played an active and influential role in charting The course of national events And nationalism in Their countries, Thus came The moratorium subject (intellectual cycle in Morocco 1956 - 1974). The study is of an introduction, Four cheptere and a conclusion. Chapter one deals with Allal al fassi҆s role till 1956. Chapler two discusses Allal al fassi҆s political role during The independence era till 1961. Chapter three sheds Light on Allal al fassi҆s role in term of the morocco an political af fairs, the constitutional conncil and 1962. Constition, in addition to the his opimons towords dall The morocco political and constitutional derelopment in The period of (1965 - 1971), chapler four talks obout Allal al fassi and the Moroccan҆s democratic constitutional experience during The years of (1972 - 1974). It bccomes well - known Allal al fassi҆s effective role he played in the Moroccan struggle for cultural and economic independence from The French colonial rule, and estubliohing Arabic as The of ficial language of education. He is also known fobeing a patriotic, poet, writer and of the most impontant politicians who fought against all the constitutions that do not serve the moroccan҆s intercsts. His role expended to in clude supporting Iraq and standing against the Arab federation of Iraq and Jordan despite being a member of Baghdad poct. He stood by The sides of The Iraq national forces against Baghdad pact He, also, supported The Palestinians issue against the Zionist entity and against establishing. The state of Israel, and continued his struggle with all the powerd wisdom and talent he got and was not hesitant to defend his conntry for the salse of Islam till his dea thin the year of 1974
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية الاساسية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: كريم طلال مسير الركابي
اسم المؤلف: وداد زايد شرهان الكعبي

التطورات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في المملكة العربية السعودية 1953 ـ 1975 Economic and Social Developments in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1953 - 1975

المستخلص: في دوامـة الفقر معتمدة على بعض الاستثمارات ، ناهيك عن التخلف الاقتصادي وتدني مسـتوى معيشة الفرد السعودي الذي انكفا على نفسه كفافا ، كما ان ندرة المياه وطبيعة الحياة الصحراوية القاسية فرضت على معظـم السعوديين حياة البداوة والتكتـلات القبلية ، وبعد تاسيس المملكة عام 1932 ، عانت الاخيرة من نقص الموارد المالية ، ففي عام 1934 ، لم تتعد ميزانية المملكة (احد عشر ) مليون ريال ، الا ان المملكة تحولت خلال عامي ( 1953 ـ 1975 ) من صحراء جـرداء تفتقر الى المـوارد الاقتصادية الى بـلاد غنية بالمـوارد الطبيعية بفضل اكتشاف النفط عام 1938 ، واستثماره بشكل تجاري ما بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية ( 1939ـ 1945 ) ، وكان حـدثا مهما مهد للتحـول الاقتصادي والاجتماعي الكبير الذي مزاالت تشهده المملكة العربية السعوديـة ، فقد كان لهـذه التحولات والتطورات اثـر كبير في نقل المجتمع السعودي من مجتمع صحراوي بدوي له طبيعة قبلية الى دولة حديثة بمؤسسات عصرية ، وتتمتع بمكانة مهمة في المنطقة العربية ، وضمن هذا الاطار تابعت الدراسة وقائع هذه التطورات والتحولات ومسارها التاريخي ، فركزت على جهود المملكة وانجازاتها لتحقيق هـذه التطورات ، وعلى كافـة الاصعدة والقطاعات ، ومعالجتها للعراقيل والمعوقات التي كانت تقف امام تحقيق هـذه التحولات ،ولا سيما ما يتعلق بالتحولات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والتطور العمراني والحضري وبقية القطاعات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية . وبهدف الاحاطة بتلك الاحـداث والتطورات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية ، تم وضع هيكلية للدراسة انتظمت بتمهيد واربعة فصول وخاتمة فقد تناول التمهيد التطورات الداخلية في بداية تاسيس المملكة العربية السعودية عام 1932 تناول الفصل الاول النفط واثره في دعم التحولات المالية للمملكة العربية السعودية 1953 ـ 1975 ، والمسار التاريخي لاستثمار النفـط السـعودي .وعني الفصل الثاني بالتحولات الاقتصادية الحاصـلة في المملكة ( 1953ـ 1975 ) فيما يختص بالقطاعات الاقتصادية . وخصص الفصل الثالث لاثر التحولات الاقتصادية على التكوينات الاجتماعية والحركة العمرانية في المملكة العربية السعودية .اما الفصل الرابع والاخير ، فقد خصص للتحولات الثقافية التي شهدتها المملكة العربية السعودية وما لها من دور بارز ومهم في تطور المجتمع وتقدمه | Saudi Arabia has witnessed developments and economic and social transformations during the period between the years (1953 - 1975). Concerning the economic aspect, there were no natural resources in the country by this date. This country lived in poverty and backwardness for many centuries depending on small investments. Moreover, , water scarcity and the nature of the harsh desert life had been imposed the tribal system on the lives of most Saudis. After the kingdom was founded in 1932, it suffered from a lack of recent financial resources. In the year 1934, the budget of the Kingdom did not exceed (eleven) million Riyal. But the kingdom has turned during (1953 - 1975), from a barren desert with strong shortage of economic resources to a rich country with natural resources, because of the discovery of oil in 1938 with more commercial investments during the post - World War II (1939 - 1945). It was an important event which paved the way for economic and social transformations that are still great in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.These events have their impacts on the Saudi society because this society has been changed from a Bedouin society into a modern state with modern institutions and it enjoys its place in the Arab region. Within this framework comes the significance of this study to follow the proceedings of the changes and transformations and historic developments. The study emphasizes the efforts of the kingdom and achievements in many sectors and to overcome the obstacles and constraints that were parked in front of the achievement of these changes, particularly with regard to transformations of economic and social and urban development. Accordingly, the present study is divided into four main chapters preceeded by an introduction and ended with a global conclusion. The introduction deals with the administrative organization of state since the founding of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932 and until 1953, with the arrival of King Saud Ibn Abdul Aziz into power. The first chapter throws light on oil and its impact on the financial support transitions to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1953 - 1975, and Saudi oil investment and the historical development of the Saudi financial system with the establishment of the Saudi Monetary Agency in 1952. The second chapter studies the economic sectors namely the agricultural one. With regard to economic sectors, including the agricultural sector, the chapter deals with the most important problems and obstacles faced by this sector, as indicated by the chapter, it moves into the modern industrial firm and the importance of the sector trade the latest economic developments. The third chapter is devoted to social developments in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and what has come from changes in the social structure of the kingdom, the emergence of new categories in Saudi society, as well as the efforts of the Kingdom in the fields of social development. In this chapter, other points are also discussed namely transport routes, means of transport, various communication and its impact on urban developments in the kingdom, particularly after the reconstruction of the Holy Places amd mosques to secure the confort of pilgrimage.As for the fourth chapter, it treats the cultural transformation occurred in the Kingdom and especially in the field of education.As a matter of fact the sector of public health has also seen a tangible progress besides the mass media and the press. Finally, the present study ends with a conclusion which focuses on the most important findings that emerged from the thesis, and the implications of the economic and social developments in Saudi Arabia. It should be mentioned that one of the outstanding negative points is the reliance on one resource namely oil. The Kingdom has to rely on the revenues of other resources in order to revitalize the other economic and social sectors.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2011
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: زهير علي احمد النحاس
اسم المؤلف: سوسن جبار عبد الرحمن شريف

شركة نفط الموصل المحدودة 1928 - 1958 : دراسة تاريخية Mosul Petroleum Company L.T.D 1928 - 1958 Historical Study

المستخلص: على الرغم من الصراعات المريرة التي دخلتها شركة نفط الموصل في سبيل الحصول على امتياز نفطي في اراضي الموصل والى المساومات التي قدمتها للحكومة العراقية ،الا انها لم تعط تلك الاراضي ما تستحق من اهمية بما تحويه من مخزون نفطي منذ منح الامتياز عام 1932 وحتى نهاية العهد الملكي عام 1958 ...لقد خرجت الدراسة بنتائج مهمة واساسية يمكن اجمالها في النقاط الاتية : - 1.ان اراضي نفط الموصل وقعت ضحية صراع طويل بين الدول الاستعمارية،وعلى الرغم من تنبه السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني باهمية هذه الاراضي وما تحويه من نفط باصداره عدة فرمانات للحفاظ عليها الا انها لم تقف حائلا امام اطماع تلك الدول،بعدما اطاحت به ثورة الاتحاديين عام 1908، فبدا فصل جديد من تلك الصراعات انتهى بتشكيل شركة النفط التركية وحصولها على امتياز نفطي في الاراضي الواقعة شرق نهر دجلة ضمن ولاية الموصل وبغداد عام 1925.2.على الرغم من كثرة المصادر والبحوث التي تناولت مايعرف بـ(مشكلة الموصل) (1923 - 1926) بين العراق وتركيا حول عائديتها،لكن ثمة حقيقة كانت تقف وراء هذه المشكلة وهي المساومات والتنازلات بين بريطانيواالولايات المتحدة في الخفاء على(نفط الموصل) في سبيل تقديم الدعم لهذا الطرف او ذاك مقابل منحها امتياز نفط الموصل،وهذا ماحدث عندما دعمت بريطانيا موقف العراق في ضم اراضي ولاية الموصل اليه مقابل منحها امتيازا نفطيا على تلك الاراضي،وحتى تركيا التي اقامت الدنيوالم تقعدها على ولاية الموصل وتقدم البراهين والادلة على ذلك،نجدها تتنازل عنها مقابل 10% من نفطها.3.لم تقف اطماع بريطانية عند شركة نفط العراق( )(I.P.Cشركة النفط التركية سابقا) فحسب بل تعدت الى الاراضي الواقعة غرب نهر دجلة (اراضي الموصل) وشكلت لاجل ذلك شركة بريطانية خالصة (شركة استثمار النفط البريطانية المحدودة ((B.O.D)) (عام 1928 لكن في الوقت نفسه ادخلت بعض من المساهمين الالمان والايطاليين والفرنسيين لكي تغطي على اهدافها الحقيقية، وما ان منحت الامتياز من الحكومة العراقية حتى استطاعت من ضم هذه الشركة الى شركة نفط العراق وغيرت اسمها الى شركة نفط الموصل المحدودة (M.P.C ) واصبحت شركة ثانوية تابعة لها.4.على الرغم من ان شروط شركة نفط الموصل افضل من شروط شركة نفط العراق بالنسبة للحكومة العراقية لاسيما حصتها البالغة 20% مع الايجار السنوي الا ان الحكومة اهملت هذه النقطة بالذات ولم تقف بوجه المماطلات الكثيرة من شركة نفط الموصل والتي تهربت من تنفيذ التزاماتهواقدمت عدة تاجيلات في عام( 1939 و1943) لان كل مزااد انتاج شركة الموصل المحدودة زادت معه حصة الحكومة البالغة(20%)،ولهذواجهت المصالح النفطية اهتمامها بشركة نفط العراق(نفط كركوك) لانها لاتدفع للحكومة سوى الايجار السنوي فقط .5.ان المشكلة الرئيسة في نفط الموصل هي نسبة الكبريت العالية المرافقة معه مما جعله ثقيل نسبيا وقلة جودته مقارنة بنفط كركوك والبصرة هذه المشكلة جعلت الشركة تتحجج فيهواتطالب بتاجيل الانتاج على الرغم من اكتشاف نفط حقل عين زالة منذ عام 1939 ونفط حقل بطمة عام 1952 الذي كان مشجعا الى حدا ما ،وبعد عقد اتفاقية مناصفة الارباح في العراق عام 1952 الزمت الحكومة العراقية شركة نفط الموصل بانتاج (مليون وربع المليون) طن من النفط سنويا، والا فان الحكومة سوف تقوم بالغاء الامتياز،عندهراضخت الشركة وانتجت هذه الكمية بعد عشرين عاما من المماطلة ولم تزد عليها اي شي منذ عام 1953وحتى عام 1958 وكان عملية الانتاج كانت مدروسة بعناية على عكس شركة نفط العراق التي قفز انتاجها بشكل مذهل وحققت ارقاما قياسية.وخلاصة القول ان شركة نفط الموصل ارادت ان تحتفظ باراضي الموصل لاطول مدة بوصفه احتياطيا خاصا للمصالح الاجنبية المساهمة فيها.6. حاولت شركة نفط الموصل تقديم افضل الخدمات للعمال العراقيين لاسيما بعد اضراب العمال عام 1948 لان احوالهم كانت مزرية جدا لكن بعد اتفاقية عام 1952 تحسنت خدمات الشركة من طعام ونقل واساليب الترفيه والخدمات المتنوعة وهذا مااكده جميع العمال في الشركة عن تلك الفتره بعدما قام الباحث بمقابلتهم.7.على الرغم من قلة واردات شركة نفط الموصل مقارنة بشركة نفط العراق والبصرة الا انها كانت تعد شركة واحدة وذات مردود واحد، ولهذا يلاحظ ان واردات الحكومة قد ازدات من النفط فتم تنمية هذه الموارد وتاسيس مجلس الاعمار الذي انعكس على عموم العراق والموصل بشكل خاص من بناء مصفى القيارة ومعامل للاسمنت والسكر والغزل والنسيج ...الخ،والتي لم يتم انهاء بعضها في العهد الملكي تم اكماله في العهد الجمهوري بعد قيام ثورة 14 تموز 1958. | Petroleum of Mosul province was axis of the international conflicts from the Al - Sultan second Abdulhammed (1876 - 1909) till get the privilege to The British Oil Development CO (B.O.D) in 1932 which has the common international interests, then this company fall under Iraq petroleum company control (I.P.C) (the Turkish previously), and move to secondary company dependant to it called Limited Mosul Petroleum Company (M.P.C), and this company couldn’t producing the petroleum but in 1952, and after that complete the petroleum pipe of Ain Zala - K2, but the producing ranges still low didn't access (1.250.000) tons annually along the period of 1953 - 1958.The thesis (the Limited Mosul Petroleum Company 1930 - 1958) consist of four chapters, the first one dealing with the historical roots of the company and the colonial states conflicts on it till agreement of the Red Line in 1928. and the second one dealing with the conditions and reasons which within complete getting the privilege of Mosul Petroleum to British Petroleum investment company without the competitive companies, and then showed this privilege on the Iraqi parliament which certified on it after long argumentation. The third one specify to dealing with the most important adjustments which entered to privilege Mosul Petroleum during the Second World War, especially contracts of 1939, 1943 which late investment of Mosul Petroleum.The fourth chapter is the conclusion of this thesis which dealing with the most important developments and the economical, political and social dimensions in the Mosul Petroleum Company which belong to the relationship between the labors and company and their numbers, and the service which presented to them, in addition to reflecting of the Mosul Petroleum Company's inputs with the other companies on establishing the building council and the huge economical and industrial change especially in Mosul city from built of Al - Qayara refinery and plants of Sugar, Cement ,and Spinning and Fabric which still to present days
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2012
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: لمى عبد العزيز مصطفى
اسم المؤلف: عيدان شبيب سليم الحمداني

النشاط التجاري القديم بين بلاد الرافدين وبلاد الشام من اقدم العصور الى نهاية العصر البابلي القديم Ancient commercial Activity between MESOPOTAMIA and Bilad Al - Sham from the OlDEST AGES to the end of the old Babylon Period

المستخلص: The trade was the second cornerstone on which the economic life was based after the agriculture. Although Mesopotamia was known by its water resources and fertile sands, it needed for some materials wanted in the industry, such as stones, woods, and various metals. People tried hard from early ages in order to get those materials from the neighboring and remote areas. Accordingly, trade links were created with those areas like the Arabian Gulf, Turkey and Iran, as well as Syria which had a related links with Mesopotamia since the prehistory ages as referred by the archeological excavations explored in various areas of Syria.This study concentrates on the trade links between Mesopotamia and Syria; it tackles such links from the prehistory ages and till the end of the ancient Babylon. The study of this aspect shows a profile for the nature of that activity and the natural resources of cities and kingdoms in both areas. In addition, it introduces the roads and paths passed by trade caravans and military troops together. This topic is one of the important subjects which evoked researchers to make studies. There have been many studies about this topic such as including the political aspects and cultural aspects, especially that the impact of Mesopotamian culture was very great on the neighboring areas’. According to this study, it has been tackled the commercial aspects. It presents all matters related to trade links between Mesopotamia and Syria in the abovementioned period which was known by an obvious commercial activity between both of the areas.This study is made up of four chapters through which it has been presented the commercial activity between the both areas. This activity was sometimes dynamic to be moved to another direction as in the Acadian Age, and the age of third race of Ur, where almost of the commercial activity was done with the East and the Arabian Gulf. The first chapter tackles : (the Impact of Geographical Background in the Date of Mesopotamia and Syria). It is known that the geographical aspect of any area has an impact in the human activity in general and in the economic activity in particular, especially that related to the commercial activity. This chapter concentrates on the impact of geography in this activity, and the importance of commercial site for both of Mesopotamia and Syria which was making up of a unique geographical unit. Accordingly, that unit facilitated the matter of making commercial activities. This chapter includes two sections. The first one discussed the commercial site of Mesopotamia and the importance of historical site, in addition to its effect on trade. Whereas the second one tackles the commercial site of Syria and its effect in holding trades. The second chapter, however, represents : (The Commercial Activity between Mesopotamia and Syria from the Prehistory Ages and till the End of the Age of Early Races). It has been divided into two sections. The first one tackles the commercial activity between Mesopotamia and Syria in the prehistory age referred by ceramics and cylinder stamps that was spread by the trade, in addition to the existence of Sumerians in some areas of Syria which was regarded by researchers as trade stations. Especially, it had been a similarity in building designs and cities planning to the designs and planning in South Mesopotamia. The second section tackles the commercial activity between Mesopotamia and Syria in the age of early races. At that period of time, the commercial activity between Mesopotamia and Ebla was the most prominent. The effect of Mesopotamia on it was very great, especially in aspects accompanied by trades, like culture. In addition, in this period of time Mari City had appeared as a commercial agent. Then, this section tackles the trade arrangement throughout the direct supervision of kings in dealing with roads and making it safe.The third chapter refers to : the commercial activity between Mesopotamia and Syria in both of the Acadian and the third race of Ur Ages. The period has been discussed in two sections. The first one tackles the commercial activity between Mesopotamia and Syria in the Acadian Age. The commercial activity in that period concentrates on the eastern side and the Arabian Gulf, whereas there are only simple references on the commercial activity with Syria. That was represented by military companions leaded by Acadian Kings in order to warrant the trade safety, in addition to commercial substitutions which were greatly concentrated with Ebla. Kings were directly supervising on trades, and they were arranging them. The second section tackles the commercial activity between Mesopotamia and Syria in the age of third race of Ur. Trade, at that period of time, was obviously concentrated with Ebla, and it was taken into kings’ account and supervision.The fourth chapter affirms on the commercial activity between Mesopotamia and Syria in the ancient Babylon and Assyrian ages. This period was recognized by a great commercial activity, especially with Syria to be named as the age of trade and merchants. This chapter is made up of three sections. The first one concentrates on the commercial activity among the Mesopotamian and the Syrian cities, i.e. the commercial activity of Babylon & Assyria and its relation to the Syrian cities like Emar, Qatana, and Aleppo. Besides, the second section tackles the commercial activity to the city of Mari which represents a connection point between the Mesopotamian and the Syrian cities. Goods were passed between these two areas. In the third section, it has been tackled trades arrangement. The principle axes discussed in this section are the trade roads, whether they are land or sea ones, and the used transporting means in these roads. In addition, it has been tackled the taxes and fees. All these procedures was arranged and planned under the kings’ supervision
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
السنة: 2011
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: سهيلة مجيد احمد
اسم المؤلف: مهند خميس عبد الله الدليمي

الاجانب المقيمون في العراق ووضعهم القانوني ونشاطهم في العهد الملكي Foreigners Residing in Iraq and their legal status and their Activities in the Monarchy

المستخلص: Flocked to Iraq in different communities periods from severalCountries in order to residence where for one reason or another . and we have been active in those communities to work in various fields , and it became necessary to have recourse to the ruling authorities in Iraq to set up those organizing and directing their activities to serve the common good . So we chose the foreign residents subject and activity in Iraq in the monarchy first . its importance and the lack of precedent for academic studies , and secondly in order to highlight the laws and regulations that successive Iraqi government issued to achieve the rights and duties resident aliens and everything related to their field of different and activities . taking into consideration the principles of law international public and respect for the interests of Iraq . As well as the Iraqi government granted foreign residents of those rights in order to preserve the rights and interests of Iraqi nationals residing in foreign countries pursuant to the principleOf reciprocity . To handle foreign countries where Iraqis living the same treatment enjoyed by nationals .The foreigners residing in Iraq , as is the case in many countries, the rights they enjoy donated them to the Iraqi government under the laws issued by such legal personality right and the right to practice work and the right to own property and the right to establish schools and associations of foreign and freedom of worship and expression and other rights. But prevented them from the right to participate in political life and the right of military service was confined to that Iraqis only .cthe foreign influence evident in the economic side as preferred British and foreign companies foreign workers and employees on the Iraqis , raising unemployment among the Iraqi people and increased the number of foreign workers significantly , sparking resentment Iraqi workers and resentment and make them resort to labor strikes . vdila for the Iraqi government to issue countless Iraqis professions 1936 Act. In spite of the significant role played by the Council of reconstruction in the completion of many projects , but he made the implementation of those projects the monopoly of foreign companies .It is worth mentioning also that he had fled to Iraq . many foreign criminals to escape their sentences so the Iraqi government held treaties and agreements with several countries for extradition to protect the security of the state , Iraq has faced a lot of espionage crimes carried out by some foreign residents , particularly Iranians and Israelis so it was always going to the Iraqi government to issue denials and exclusion decisions against them security of the state and safety are the most important pillars of the state to maintain the strength and unity of foreigners in religious , economic , social and cultural aspects . The Iraqi government is seeking in return for reducing by issuing laws pertaining to foreigners during the monarchy in order to regulate the status of foreigners in all fields .
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية الاساسية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: خضير حسن سلمان
اسم المؤلف: دلال منال نوري

ولاية العهد في العصر الاشوري الحديث (911 - 612 ق . م) The Succession to the Crown in the Neo Assyrian Period (911 - 612 B.C.)

المستخلص: ان موضوع دراستنواهو ولاية العهد في العصر الاشوري الحديث (911 - 612 ق م ) على درجة كبيرة من الاهمية وذلك لانه يحدد شخص ملك المستقبل والذي يمثل الامبراطورية الاشورية وبالتالي مستقبل البلاد كله وكذلك يمثل هذا الموضوع احد الاوجه الحضارية لبلاد الرافدين عموما وبلاد اشور خصوصا حيث يكشف لنا عن النضج السياسي الذي وصل اليه الملوك الاشوريين . ان ولي العهد وهو احد ابناء الملك يتم اختياره من قبل الملك الاب نفسه وعلى الاغلب يكون الولد البكر ولكي يغطي الشرعية على اختيار ولي العهد ولكي لا يواجه اي معارضة لولي العهد يشير الى ان هذا الاختيار بايماء من الالهة ونستطيع ان نقول هذا على المستوى الديني اما على المستوى السياسي الداخلي والخارجي فان الملك الاب يعقد معاهدة تبيعة مع حكام وشعب الاقاليم التابعة للامبراطورية الاشورية ومع كل مسؤولي الامبراطورية الاشورية من عسكريين وسياسيين واداريين وبقية افراد العائلة المالكة وحتى مع عامة الشعب الاشوري وتكون هذه المعاهدة بحضور الالهة لكي هي التي تنزل اللعنات على من ينقض المعاهدة حيث يتدخل عدة اشخاص في اختيار ولي العهد لاسيمزاوجة الملك او ام ولي العهد وغيره من مسؤولي الامبراطورية الاشورية واصحاب المناصب العليا . ثم بعد اختيار ولي العهد يلتحق بقصر خاص به ( بيت _ ريدوتي ) او ( قصر التعاقب ) حيث يكون بمثابة مدرسة لاعداد ولي العهد للحكم ويتضمن التعليم من القراءة والكتابة وبعض العلوم كالحساب ( رياضيات ) وغيرهواالتدريبات العسكرية من ركوب الخيل وقيادة العربات والقتال بالسيف والسهام وحتى صناعة التروس والصيد وغيرهواتوكل اليه بعض الوظائف العليا في الامبراطورية فقد ينوب عن ابيه الملك في حكم البلاد عند غياب ابيه الملك او يقود الجيش او يتراس جهاز المخابرات وغيرهواقد تطول او تقصر مدة ولاية العهد حسب حياة الملك الاب وربما يموت او يقتل الملك ومازال ولي العهد صغير السن حيث يموت الملك شمشي _ ادد الخامس ( 883 _ 811 ق . م ) بظروف غامضة وكان مايزال ابنه ولي العهد ادد _ نيراري الثالث صغير السن فتولت امه الملكة شمور _ رامات ( سميراميس ) الحكم حتى كبر ابنهواتولى الحكم وقد واجه ولي العهد العديد من المشاكل منها منافسة اخوته له لاسيما اذا كان اصغرهم مثل ما حدث مع ولي العهد اسرحدون ولولي العهد العديد من المواطنين التابعين له ومن الخدم ايضا وتقام الاحتفالات الكبيرة عند اختياره ولي العهد وعند تتويج ولي العهد ملك على البلاد . اما خطة البحث فقد تناولته في خمسة فصول تضمن الفصل الاول المبحث الاول تناولت فيه تعريف ولاية العهد لغة واصطلاحا ، والمبحث الثاني الجذور التاريخية لفكرة ولاية العهد حيث تطور الفكر السياسي منذ بدايته الاولى وشكله الديمقراطية البدائية وتطوره حتى وصوله الى نظام الحكم الوراثي حيث تظهر ولاية العهد وبهذا نكون قد بينا جذور الفكرة ، المبحث الثالث ، الاسس والمبادئ المعتمدة لاختيار ولي العهد وتضمن اولا مبداء لاختيار الالهي ، وثانيا تاثير المقربين الى الملك وهم ( الحريم الملكي وكبار موظفي المملكة والكهنة والعرافين وحتى الطواشي . اما الفصل الثاني فقد تناولت فيه تنشاة واعداد ولي العهد وقد تضمن المبحث الاول التحاق ولي العهد بقصر خاص به ويعرف بـ(بيت _ ريدوتي bit _ riduti ) وقد تناولت الموضوع من خلال النصوص التي تذكر هذا القصر وبنائه وتجديده ومخططه ، والملوك الذين ذكروه وقاموا بتجديده ، اما المبحث الثاني فقد تناولت فيه اعداد وتدريب ولي العهد ويشتمل ثلاث محاور وهي ( ا _ التعليم ، ب _ التدريبات العسكرية والصيد والفروسية ، ج _ ملابس وازياء ولي العهد ) ، اما الفاصل الثالث وهو الصعوبات التي تواجه ولي العهد ، ففي المبحث الاول ولي العهد تحت الوصاية ، اما المبحث الثاني المنافسة على ولاية العهد ومن ضمنه النزاع الذي وقع بين اشوربانيبال واخوه شمش _ شوم _ اوكن ، وفي الفصل الرابع المهام التي توكل لولي العهد فقد تناولت في المبحث الاول تولي ولي العهد الادارة والحكم ، وفي المبحث الثاني موظفي ولي العهد ، وفي المبحث الثالث مراسلات ولي العهد ، والفصل الخامس وهو ولي العهد في طريقه الى العرش ، المبحث الاول مراسيم دفن الملك الاب ، والمبحث الثاني مراسيم تتويج ولي العهد . | The subject of our study is the mandate of the Crown Prince in the Neo Assyrian Period (911 - 612 BC) a subject which is of supreme importance. Because this determines the personality of the coming king who represents the Assyrian Empire and therefore the future of the country as a whole. In fact, this topic reflects a cultural aspect in Mesopotamian culture in general and the Assyrian one in particular. It reveals the political maturity reached by the Assyrian kings. The Crown Prince is one of the king's sons chosen by the king himself as far as he is his father. It is most likely the child would be the eldest one and the choice is usually legitimate. In order to not face any opposition about the choice of the Crown Prince he points out that this choice is the will of gods .This is of course from the religious level. From the interior and exterior political level, the King the father concluded a treaty with the rulers and the people of the territories of the Assyrian Empire and with all the officials of the Assyrian Empire from the military, politicians and administrators and the rest of the royal family and even with the Assyrian people.This treaty would be concluded with the presence of gods and the curses will be inflicted upon those who violated the treaty.In the process of chosing the Crown Prince many persons participated in it namely the King's wife or his mother and high rank personalities. After the choice of the Crown Prince, he attended his own (house _ Ridoti) or (Palace of succession), which is a preparatory school for the Crown Prince where he began to learn reading, writing, and some sciences like (mathematics), and other military exercises of riding horses and driving wagons and fight with the sword, arrows and even industry, fishing gears and others. Then he was entrusted with some of the senior positions in the Empire. He might act on behalf of his father the King to rule the country in the absence of his father the King or lead the army or intelligence service. He excercised this function during short or long period and this depended on the lifetime of his father. Or probably the king died when the Crown Prince was still minor. A good example is the mysterious death of Shamshi Adad V (883 _ 811 BC) when he died his son the Crown Prince Adad _ nirari third young teenager his mother Queen Hmor _ Ramat (Semiramis) ruled until her son grew up and came to power. In fact he faced many problems, including competitive brothers to him, especially if the youngest one like what happened with Esarhaddon and the Crown Prince of many of their citizens to him. An important festival is held in choosing the Crown Prince and at the coronation of the king of the country. The present study is divided into five chapters.The first section of the first chapter deals with the definition of the mandate of the Crown Prince linguistically and idiomatically. And the second section is about the historical roots of the idea of the mandate of the Crown Prince, where the evolution of political thought since its inception and the first primitive form of democracy and its development until his arrival at the succession system of government where they appear mandate of the Crown Prince.Therefore, we have explained the historical origins of the idea of the Crown Prince .The third section studies and principles adopted for the selection of the Crown Prince and first one emphasises the divine principle. Secondly, the influence excercised by the close friends of the king, and they are (the royal harem and senior officials of the kingdom and priests and fortune - tellers and even Tawashi. The second chapter explains the upbringing of the Crown Prince and his preparation training to exercise his function. . The first section included the Crown Prince Palace admission to what is known as the (House of Ridoti _ bit _ riduti).This subject has been tackled through the references and the texts which mention the palace and its construction and renovation and the kings who have planned and renovated them. The second section deals with the preparation and training of the Crown Prince and includes three axes, namely, (a _ - learning, b _ military exercises, hunting and equestrian. As for the third chapter, it expounds the difficulties faced by the Crown Prince, in the first section the Crown Prince is under guardianship, while the second section of competition on the mandate a good example was the conflict between Ashurbanipal and his brother Shamash - shum - ukin. In chapter IV we discussed the tasks entrusted to the Crown Prince. The first section is about the administration and the second one the officials of the Crown Prince. Whereas the third section treats the correspondence of the Crown Prince. Finally, chapter five illustrates the arrival of the Crown Prince to power.This chapter contains two sections the first one is about the funerals of his father the king and the second one id about the coronation ceremony of the Crown Prince
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
السنة: 2011
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: ازهار هاشم شيت
اسم المؤلف: سالم احمد يونس ابليه الجحيشي

الصراعات السياسية في حقبة التسلط البويهي (334 - 447هـ/945 - 1055م) Political Conflicts in Millennium of Buwaihid Domination (334 - 447 A.H./945 - 1055 A.D.)

المستخلص: The Political conflicts in the millennium of the Buwaihid domination (334 - 447 A. H./945 - 1055 A.D) are regarded as the striking aspects because of their aggravation in this period , whereas the appearance of the Buwaihid on the field of political events, their upside down the balances of affairs through their control on the reins of authority in Iraq, especially Baghdad, the competition of the caliph in his powers and privileges , negligence of the public and private in whole of their social and economic conditions, all of those things entered the country in the continuity of conflicts which do not scarcely end up or stop at a certain limit , so these conflicts were internal relating to the structure of authority and the problem of administration of affairs of political, economic, social, and intellectual aspects, then extended out to every direction whereas any aspects can not be excluded from these conflicts. And if this phenomenon were an extension of what the military chaos witnessed, control the leader of soldiers, and their domination in the millennium (247 - 334 A.H./861 - 945 A.D.), then this extension became more serius because of the multiplicity and diversity of the centres of power, that resulted from these conflicts, which threatened the structure of society and state in a considerable danger. So, I found that studying this phenomenon which extended for a century is necessary and pertinent for the research in its nature, then the nature of its falls.Therefore, it was neither a passing state , nor a partial and a secondary thing.In spite of extension of the subject, and the considerable diversity of its sources, the research did not face any actual and serious difficulties, that was achieved by favor of the God He raised far alone who he helped me to iron out any obstacles to let the research takes its complete scope in convering these conflicts.And for achieving the comprehensiveness of the research, encircling its all, and convering it in study and analysis, so it was divided up into a preface and four sections each section consisted many chapters. The preface the historical introductions of the originating the Buwaihid domination. The first section included the conflict between the Abbasid caliphate and the Buwaihid principality. The second section handled the conflict on principality inside the Buwaihid family. The third section dealt with conflicts inside the ruling establishment. The fourth section searched in the conflict among the social and intellectual powers with the Buwaihid authority.The outcomes of this study can be summarized in the following points : - Some caliphs played sometimes an effective role to face the actions made by the Buwaihid, in spite of their being falling under their domination. - The Abbasid Caliphate did not subject to the currents of conflicts alone, these currents have drifted the establishment of the Buwaihid principality so the Buwaihid family subjected to conflicts especially after the death of the first generation of the strong princes. - As to the military establishment, it entered also in the continuity of the conflicts. - The conflict infiltrated also into the civilian establishment. - This millennium witnessed a deterioration in the social and economic aspects which led to the prominence of the role played by the various social levels and categories. - These conflicts left their clear effects on falling down the Buwaihed's state which continued more than a century in internal conflicts the heat of which does not go down
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2011
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: موفق سالم نوري الجوادي
اسم المؤلف: عمر احمد سعيد محمود الحمداني

سوريو القضية الفلسطينية 1961 - 1970 Syria and The Palestinian Issue 1961 - 1970

المستخلص: The Palestinian issue is considered one of the issue which is still existed and the British occupation to Palestine and then the rise of the Zionist entity had left its effect upon Arab countries which contributed since the beginning through people and government during the 20th century supporting the issue of Palestine liberation. This issue had taken a great interest by both people and governments of Syria as being one of the main Arab issues and an indispensable part in the political, military and intellectual aspects.Syria had supported this issue by national, Arab and international aspects and contributed in embracing the Palestinian refugees treating them like Syrians.This study comes to illustrate the official and popular attitude of Syria towards the Palestinian issue 1961 1970. It contains the development of the issue after the world was I till the emergence of the Zionist entity and the development of political positions in Syria during the era of military coups 1949 1954, the Syria attitude from alliances and plots fulfilled against Syria concerning the tripartite Aggression against Egypt in 1956 till the rise of Egypt Syria unity and the rise of united Arab republic (1958 1961). Then the study talks about events taken place in Syria after the separation and the return of military coups till the domain of Arab Bath Party holding the reign in 1963. This party regarded the Palestinian issue a central one, and then there is the recognition of Palestine liberation organization (PLO) as a representative body for the Palestinian people and its military flank. Liberation army as well as the movement of Palestinian national liberation (Fath) and its military flank (Al - Asifa).Syria had considered the armed struggle the only way to achieve liberation of Palestine and the popular war was the means for that. The war of June 1967 and the Arab setback in general and for Syria in particular losing AI Julan Heights, these events did not change the Syria attitude towards the Palestinian issue. But this had limited the Palestinian Fedaeen's activitie and Syria rejected attending conferences for these conferences did not call frankly that the armed struggle is the best way to liberate the occupied lands. Also, Syria rejected the Resolution No. 242 issued by the security council and regarded it as a new plot to end the Palestinian issue.Also, Syria stood in the side of the Palestinian resistance and against the Jordanian authorities in September 1970 and provided help and arms and this created a political crisis between Jordan and Syria.Syria supported the Palestinians in the exceptional summit conference held in Cairo to end the fight in Jordan. As for the political powers, organizations, unions and popular messes, this attitude pressed on the successive governments in Syria to adopt the armed struggle and to enhance the Fedaeens through providing all material and military means and opening the boarders for the Fedaeens.This study concluded that the Syrian attitude' in embracing the Palestinian refugees, treating them like Syria in addition to providing all forms of support for the Palestinian organizations in all national Arab and international levels considered the Palestinian issue the first Arab issue and supported the Fedaeens in their fight
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2011
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: محمد علي داهش
اسم المؤلف: عبد الله زيدان خلف الرسلان

غنائم الحرب في العصر الاشوري الحديث Spoils of War In The Neo - Assyrian Period

المستخلص: New Assyrian cuneiform text, especially royal annals, and war scenes carved on reliefs steles, statues and other royal monuments emphasize the importance of war spoils that were taken from the cities and countries which the Assyrian army conquered. This fact makes it clear that one of main aims of Assyrian military campaigns was economic, that is to bring to Assyria spoils of value such as gold, silver, tin and other valuables in addition to prisoners of war, weapons of different kinds, animals such as horses, mules, sheep, and other animals. In spite of the importance of spoils of war to understand the political and economic policy of the late Assyrian kings, little has been written in Arabic on this particular subject. This has led us to write on spoils of war in the New Assyrian Period. It in obvious that most of our references was in foreign languages or written in cuneiform script which made our work difficult as our knowledge in English is very limited. Be that as it may, we tried our best to give a detailed study on spoils of war based mainly on cuneiform text that were translated into English by various scholars. The study was divided into four main sections in addition to the introduction and preface The first section dealt with vocabulary used in cuneiform texts to denote to the various kinds of spoils and to they way spoils were taken. The second section mention the different kinds of spoils taken such as human beings who were regarded prisoners of war, weapons and chariots, different kind of animals, cloths, minerals, precious, stones, ivory, food stuffs, wood and agricultural products. The third section tackles the economic importance of spoils to the Assyrian government and society. It contains several chapters each of which was dedicated to certain importance. The fourth and last section war concerned mainly with the informative aim of text concerned and scenes carved on monuments and the propaganda it serves for the Assyrian king and army. It consists of three main chapters. Finally the study was annexed with conclusion in addition to many maps and photographs that clarify what has been dealt with in the four sections of the thesis
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
السنة: 2011
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: عامر سليمان ابراهيم
اسم المؤلف: ابراهيم محمود خلف رمضان البدراني

النزاعات الداخلية في الاندلس في عصر الخلافة (316 - 422هـ/ 928 - 1031م) The internal Conflicts In Andalusia During Al Kalafa Era ( 316 - 422 H / 928 - 1030 A )

المستخلص: The era of Al Kalafa started in ( 316 H - 926 A ) when the prince Abed Al Rahman announced Al Omoiya regime taking the opportunity of Al abbasian weakness , above all he defeated all the conflicts in the country . So a new era had been begun in Andalusia . It is regarded as a step for all victories and political stability .Although it happened there some interior disagreements among people and groups to control as much as area they can .This led the foreign powers to think about the Islamic territories by exploiting the idea of backing all the rivals to weaken the Islam regions . We concentrate our efforts upon the period that is considered the most dreadful time . In addition to this my desire in studying the history of Andalusia when I was in Bachelor stage and to get knowledge of the features of these conflicts and its reasons .This study ( the internal conflicts in Andalusia during Al kalafa era (316 - 422 H) .The importance of this study lies on its connection with the attempt of the student Nahdim Ibrahim in his subject (the internal fight in Andalusia )and its harmony with the study of the student Shaker Yassin Al delemy who completed my study through his research which includes the interior struggle in Andalusia in various sectarian groups . It is necessary to study that period and have information especially the political disorder which was so important in both internal and external events of Andalusia . I suggest the year( 216 H - 926 A) as a date for my study . The year 422 H was an end of my study , as it is known the end of Omawi era in Andalusia which lasted 280 years . I divided the study into an introduction and four chapters with the end . These pages contained margins and sources of my research . Keeping in mind that every chapter divided into many section . In the first chapter I considered the features of Andalusia society which appeared into six sections , every section has the sectarian of Andalusia society and its location which has a big role in the political conflicts the country witnessed from the date of Andalusia liberation 92 H till the withdrawal of Muslims in 897 H . The second chapter adapted the inner fight during Al kalafa era in 316 H . It is divided into six field started from the internal disagreement during the time of Al kalefa Abed Al Rahman al Nasir 300 - 350 H and his son Al Mustanser 350 - 366 H . In the first section I consider the definition of the word (conflict) linguistically and terminology , the second one was about the prince and Al kalefa Abed Al Rahman ( his name and family ) and the date of his crown , the third section I stated the efforts of Al kalefa Abed Al Rahman in unifying the country and judgment with defeating the rebellion calls which the most important was Ibin Hafsoon revolution , also unifying Al abbasian to the state and getting back cities of eastern Andalusia . I showed in the fourth section the rebirth of Al kalafa Omaiwia in Andalusia by Al kafefa Abed Al Rahman al Nasir while the fifth section dealt with the control upon some territories and unified them with the country . I ended the six section with the stability and the economic growth in the era of Al Mustanser who encourage science and scientific research . The third chapter I state the internal disagreement during the era of Al Kalefa Husham 366 - 390 H , this chapter included six sections , the first one was appointing Al kalefa in his earlier year while the second was the political situation of the state , the third was the appearance of Mohammed Al Hajeb and his individuality in power by defeating his rivals , the fourth was appointing Abed al Malik after the death of his father Al Mansour .the fifth section was the administration of Al kaleafa Abed Al Rahman bin al Mansour and adapting a new strategy which is totally differ of his father . The fourth chapter dealt with the barbarian disorder and the end of Omawi period . It contained eight sections , the first was the misleading of policy of Al kaleafa AL Mahdi especially by fighting barbers , the second section talks about the barbarian revolution against Al Mahdi , the third section was misguiding strategy led by Al Kaleafa Husham , the fourth was seizing Al kalafa by Husham while the fifth was about controlling Al kalafa by Sulaiman , the six was Al Hamood role in Al kalafa upon the country . Then I mentioned the power of Omawai family who are weak and unable to manage the state . They adapted bad behavior depending on high taxes , disobedience and immoral . I finished my study with the affection of this chaos upon the public life of Andalusia . I never forget to mention a list of names of resources and translated books with some previous thesis which were discussed in universities .
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة الانبار - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: عثمان عبد العزيز صالح المحمدي
اسم المؤلف: ماهر ختال شريمط العبيدي

النشاط الاقتصادي في شمال شبه الجزيرة العربية قبل الاسلام (القرن الرابع الميلادي) حتى نهاية العهد الراشدي Economic activity in the north of the Arabian Peninsula before Islam Al Jazeera (fourth century AD) until the end of Rashidi Covenant

المستخلص: We still have been considering the impassivity of understanding the history of the Arab nation without understanding the political and sociable issues which from an important ritual part of its human experience in addition to our evasion to realize the other living issues . On top of that ,this matter presents true image about the nation march and avoid us to involve in the hold of many political studies that strove directly or indirectly , intended or unintended loo reveal that the Islamic Arad history is a kind of conflicts and that it wasn't homogeneous . and Arab history is a kind of conflicts and that it wasn't homogeneous. and according to this sense , the research of economic derdopment is a serious part of studying the cultural history of the nation . so the important study of this research reel on the economies activity in the north of peninsula in pre - Islam in the forth century . until the end of al Rashid period which is one of the most important region . that has huge, natural and economic resources in many types of economic life . tndeed the north of peninsula which was order whelmed by the Arabic sects to the north . afar that it has been accompanied by ifs economic experiences as well as its else to the two largest cultural in the era of al Sassanid and peseta culture. A lot of troubles brazened us in the research . as well as the lack of economic information which is found in many times . the research includes . many cities in the Arabian peninsula . in addition to the circumstances accruing in the conntry including the killing , displacing , oppression , instability , and chaos that filled our land . so the research aos exalted on three main regions in the north of the Arabian penin sula . which are al hera kingdom in Iraq AL Gasser an kingdom and almodina al munawara . inhale classified my study into four chapters , the first chapter deals with SoCal and political issues about al hear king dom , AlGassassna king dom , and yathreb city and each one of these reqions has one section . whereas chapter tow deals with the economic activity in yathrn city in three stages in pr - Islam and the era of message and al rashideen age that results in economic activity in yathreb in each of theses three terms and each study dealt with each point that we mentioned it previously . chapter three deals with the economic activity in adhere kingdom and has constructed into three sections . each one deals with the period that we mentioned before and what is going on about the changes and circumstances . We have to indicate to AL tabary , because those figures has given us useful in formation in the economic and sociable scope . in fact the historic book were not sufficient to create the economic developments so we asked for abscess and financial books of abo Yosef , ibn adam . ibn rijab, and ibn tslam . also we took some excepts from books of countries and geography of abalathry and ibn kurdazba , and ibn abdullha kam these excerpts are very early and rigorous at the same time . whereas the books of layers of bn said ibn abdullbar have been great and in it s vital in formation for the wealth of the , leaders magistrates and the growth of economy . Fur there more , we have to indicate to the literary and language books of al jacinth , tbn and ull rad , and al thaaliby that have excellent contexts which deal with the economic circumstances . whereas the modern responses . in which the writing of aldoory Abdul - Aziz and salin al ali have a great role in lightening several parts of our esearch and our indicating to important resources desides , the writings of towed ali , hashim almallah , ahmed al sharif , mr. abdullaziz salim , Yousef chanima , najman yaseen , Muhammad Batavia , and also the foreign translated resonrees of jarhy zidan , beogolifzkis , Nordic m diso and dentist . those all figures have great role in presenting the political. Social , economic , ans thought full efforts which are related to the topic and the period of the research in a simple and modern from
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة الانبار - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: احمد حسين احمد الجميلي
اسم المؤلف: عصام نجم عبد الله المحمدي
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