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دراسة شكليائية ونسجية للقناة الهضمية في سمكة الخشني Liza abu Heckel.1843 Morphological And Histological Study of The Digestive Tract In Liza Abu (Heckel, 1843)

المستخلص: The morphological and histological structure of digestive tract in one species of Iraqi fish that resides in Iraqi inland fresh water (Liza abu) was studied. In this study used (43) fish were in different lengths, the gut of these fish have removed to study the relationship between the length of gastrointestinal tract and the standard body length as well as for morphological and histological study. The value of relative digestive tract length (RGL) was 2.9. Intestine was the longest part of the digestive tract, the average length of intestine was (32 cm). The shape of the folds of the mucous membrane lining the walls of digestive tract showed some differences in different parts of digestive tract, in esophagus the folds were longitudinal running along the wall and it was straight, unbranched and the mean of their number was (9 - 8) folds. In the stomach the folds were longitudinal and (7 - 6) in their number, they were branched into fingerlings structures. In pyloric caeca, anterior and posterior part of intestine and rectum the folds were fingerlings in shape, unbranched and their number were (20 - 19), (27 - 26), (25 - 23), (19 - 18) respectively. Histological study was shown that the wall of the digestive tract is consist of four major coats, from the inside to the outside they were as follows : Tunica Mucosa which characterized by its clear three parts, epithelial tissue, lamina propria and muscularis mucosa. Epithelial tissue in esophagus was thick stratified squamous epithelium, in stomach was thin simple columnar epithelium and gradually increase in length in each of pyloric caeca, intestine and rectum and it was simple columnar epithelial tissue. Mucous which is secreted in esophagus is made of a large proportion of neutral and acidic mucopolysaccharide, while the mucous secreted in the cardiac stomach consist of a large proportion of neutral mucopolysaccharide and less proportion of acidic mucopolysaccharide, either, in the pyloric stomach is consist of very small proportion of both neutral and acidic mucopolysaccharide, in pyloric caeca mucous consist of a small proportion of neutral mucopolysaccharide and less proportion of acidic mucopolysaccharide, and the mucous secreted in an anterior, posterior parts of intestine and rectum consist of small proportion of acidic mucopolysaccharide and large proportion of neutral mucopolysaccharide. Lamina propria consists of connective tissue containing capillaries and lymphoid cells and it represent the basis of the folds, in the cardiac stomach it contains simple tubular glands. Muscularis mucosa characterized by the presence of muscle fibers that are not continuous, the higher thickness of this layer was in pyloric stomach. Tunica Submucosa consists of connective tissue that contains capillaries, the higher thickness of this coat was in the stomach and less thickness of this coat was in the rectum. Tunica Muscularis consists of two layers of smooth muscle fibers, the internal layer has a circular arrangement, the external layer has a longitudinal arrangement in stomach, pyloric caeca, intestine and rectum. either in esophagus tunica muscularis was arranged in inverse manner. The circular and longitudinal muscle fibers in esophagus were skeletal muscle fibers, and they were smooth and non - striated in stomach, pyloric caeca, intestine and rectum. the higher thickness of this coat was in the stomach and less thickness was in the rectum Tunica Serosa is present in all regions of digestive tract.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الانسجة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: وجدان بشير عبد
اسم المؤلف: حنان رعد ضياء حسين

دراسة بعض متغيرات الخطوط الجلدية للبنان ومجاميع الدم لذكور اطفال التوحد

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الوراثة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: نصر فرحان عبد الله
اسم المؤلف: اسراء جعفر صادق السعدي

التاثير التثبيطي لبعض المستخلصات على فعالية انزيم Angiotensin converting enzyme وبعض المؤشرات الحيوية المساهمة في ارتفاع ضغط الدم Inhibitory Effect of Some Plant Extracts On Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Activity And Some Biochemical Marker That Associated With Hypertension

المستخلص: The present study was sought to investigate the inhibitory effect of four crude aqueous plant extracts : Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger), Camellia sinensis (Green tea), Olea europaea (Olive) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (Rosella) on key enzyme linked to hypertension, Angiontensin - I Converting enzyme (ACE), and on the oxidant/antioxidants status, lipid profile in vitro and in vivo studies. Study of some biochemical biomarker demonstrated that antioxidant enzyme, oxidant enzyme, liped profile and ACE level for 75 hypertension patients. Antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were shown to have cross relationship with ACE level in hypertension groups, while lipid profile have positive relationship with ACE level in hypertension groups. ACE activity for the four groups G1, G2, G3, G4 were 19.61±3.97, 21.3 ± 1.95, 28.06 ± 5.34 and 32.74±8.19 ng/ml respectively. From these results we concluded that ACE was associated with hypertension and its modulated by drug or herbal extracts. Angiotensin - I Converting enzyme was extracted from sheep lung with specific activity 0.08 U/mg, then the crude ACE extract was concentrated with sucrose by dialysis with specific activity 0.1 U/mg, purification fold was 1.25.The enzyme was purified partly by ion - exchange chromatography using DEAE - cellulose with specific activity 0.5U/mg, yield 30% and purification fold 6.25. ACE activity was determined using N - [3 - (2 - furyl) acryloyl]L - phenylalanyl glycyl glycine (FA - PGG) as a substrate. Results for in vitro ACE inhibitory activity using plant extracts (ginger, green tea, roselle and olive) showed that the all four crude aqueous plant extracts had inhibitory activity in different values when used in the same concentrations about (1 mg/ml), and ginger extract possessed higher inhibitory activity than other three extracts. The ACE inhibitory potency of the ginger extract was found to be significant (P<0.001) when compared with the standard anti - ACE inhibitor drug (Captopril) at the same concentration. The inhibitory activity of ginger extract with different concentration (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) in L - N - ? - nitro - L - arginine methyl ester (L - NAME) induced hypertensive mice was evaluated. Acute oral administration with L - NAME 50mg/kg.b.w causes a rise in blood pressure in normal mice. Administration of aqueous ginger extract (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) for 4 weeks in L - NAME treated mice significantly (P<0.05) reduced the mean arterial blood pressure compared with L - NAME animals without treatment, with decreasing the serum levels of ACE; while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) showed a significant elevation in ginger treated L - NAME induced hypertensive mice. The results suggest that ginger extract could prevent the development of high blood pressure induced by L - NAME probably can be attributed to prevent or reduce the oxidation process and the inhibition of physiological processes of a substance L - NAME and so as it contains ginger compounds of polyphenols, which inhibits the activity of the ACE and prevent oxidation of fats and repair System Antioxident. Our study concluded that ginger might act as a natural alternative to better and safer in the prevention of negative impacts and risk factors such as high blood pressure and lipids.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: غازي منعم عزيز حسن فياض
اسم المؤلف: رؤى اياد يوسف

تاثير انزيم SNase المنقى من العنقودي في الغشاء الحياتي للايشيركية القولونية والكليبسيلا الرئوية Impact of Snase Purified From Staphylococcus Aureus On Biofilm of Klebsiella Pneumoniae And Escherichia Coli

المستخلص: SDS - PAGE showed that a single sharp band with an approximately 16.8 KDa molecular weight has been seen. A matter indicates that the enzyme is consistently pure. PCR technique was applied to approve the existence of nuc gene in S.aureus Nevertheless, only those which depicted positive results on DNase agar harboured nuc gene, as it is specified by single band appearance of nuc at assumed molecular weight (ca. 255 pb) of marker that being used. The current study findings highlighted the participation of SNase purified from S. aureus in significant (P< 0.05) preventing biofilm formation by E. coli and K. pneumoniae compared with untreated controls. Evidently, the inhibitory effect of SNase on biofilm formation is undoubtedly perceived, indicating the degradation of the structural major component of biofilm formation (i.e. extracellular DNA). Results revealed that SNase was able to significantly (P< 0.05) reduce the number of the uropathogens; E. coli and K. pneumoniae attached to the uroepithelial cells. 1 Chapter one : Introduction and literature Review 1. Introduction and Literature Review 1.1. Introduction Staphylococcus aureus is a persistent human pathogen that is responsible for a range of diseases that vary widely in clinical presentation and severity. The pathogenesis of S. aureus infection is a complex process involving a diverse array of secreted and surface - associated virulence determinants that are coordinately expressed at different stages of infection (Loughman et al., 2009). Escherichia coli is a genetically diverse species that causes a variety of infections which fulfill many or all of the proposed criteria for biofilmassociated infections (Kaper et al., 2004). Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a wide range of nosocomial infections. One important factor associated with virulence in K. pneumoniae is its capacity to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms (Cruz et al., 2012). Bacteria often exist as sessile communities called biofilms which are exquisite structures caused by a genetically programmed developmental process. It is estimated that biofilms are involved in 65% of human bacterial infections, since cells in biofilms are 1000 times more resistant than cells in the planktonic state, making medical treatments fail (Shal? et al., 2011). Extracellular DNA (eDNA) plays a significant role in biofilm formation, as revealed by studies in several bacteria including E. coli (Nakao, 2012) and K. pneumoniae (Whitchurch et al., 2002); however, there is no definite proof on a cause - and - effect relationship between DNA release and biofilm formation (Beenken et al., 2012) or becomes a key component of the macromolecular scaffold in many different biofilms (Jakubovics et al., 2013). In rare cases eDNA has been shown to inhibit bacterial settlement. Therefore, it is possible that nuclease mediated eDNA degradation would therefore promote adhesion. Consequently, it is not clear whether microbial nucleases contribute to the gross biofilm structure in clinically relevant situations (Sheilds et al., 2013). 2 Chapter one : Introduction and literature Review All previous studies used both commercial bovine and recombinant human DNaseI in the disruption of medically important biofilms; whilst, extracellular nuclease of S. aureus (SNase) was used against biofilm of S. aureus themselves (Benenken et al., 2012b ; Kiedrowski et al., 2014). Thus, to date, the role of S. aureus exonucleases in biofilm of other bacteria remains unclear. However, in the present study SNase is used against biofilm of other bacterial species (viz. K. pneumoniae and E. coli). To address this, the following steps were undertaken : 1 - Investigating the negative impact of SNase extracted from S. aureus on K. pneumoniae and E.coli biofilm formation. 2 - Studying the preventive activity of SNase on the adherence of K. pneumoniae and E. coli on uroepithelial cell.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: حارث جبار فهد المذخوري
اسم المؤلف: هند تحسين ابراهيم

دراسة مقارنة بين تاثير سترات الكلوميفين وسترات التاموكسيفين على بعض معايير نطف الفئران Comparative Study On The Effects of Clomiphene Citrate And Tamoxiphene Citrate On Some Sperm Parameters In Mice

المستخلص: يعد العقم واحدة من المشاكل الاجتماعية المهمة في معظم انحاء العالم.استنادا الى الاحصائيات الحالية حوالي 15% من المتزوجين يواجهون العقم. يؤدي تقييم السائل المنوي غير الطبيعي للاستروجينات الى تشخيص قلة اعداد النطف ونشاطها وشكلها الطبيعي ومن ناحية اخرى تؤثر | Infertility is one of the most critical social problems in the all of population world. According to the current statistics, about 15% of married couples face with infertility. Assessment of abnormal semen parameters leads to diagnosis of oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, and in others, it leads to isolated abnormalities of sperm concentration, motility, and morphology, due to the lack of differentiable or correctable etiology, Both clomiphene citrate and tamoxiphene citrate, as an anti - estrogen, is the most common prescribed medication for male infertility. In humans, ant estrogens interfere with the normal negative feedback of sex steroids at the hypothalamus and pituitary, thereby increasing endogenous gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion directly from the pituitary. Objective : The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of clomiphene citrate (CC) and tamoxiphene citrate (TC) administered to male mice on quality of sperm parameters.Materials and Methods : Ninety six male mice were divided into two major groups, and every one of these groups was subdivided into three minor groups involving control and two treated groups. In the CC study, 48 mice were administrated orally 0, 0.0125 mg and 0.025 mg as control (G 1), low dose (G 2) and high dose (G 3) for 42 days. While, in the TC study, 48 mice were administrated orally 0, 0.01 mg and 0.02 mg as control (G 1), low dose (G 2) and high dose (G 3) for 42 days. Then, the male mice were sacrificed, both vas deferens were collected and assessment sperm parameters involving sperm concentration, sperm motility and activity, and normal sperm morphology. Results : The results of present study appeared that the use high dose of CC or TC significantly increment (P<0.05) sperm concentration as compared to control groups. However, use high dose of CC significantly increment (P<0.05) percentages of sperm motility and normal sperm morphology. Meanwhile, the percentage of progressive sperm motility was increased significantly (P< 0.05) when low CC dose administered as compared to control and high CC dose groups. In this study, percentages of sperm motility, progressive sperm motility and normal sperm morphology showed best elevation when used low TC dose as compared to both control and high TC dose groups. High TC dose causes significant increment (P<0.05) in the percentage of sperm agglutination when compared to control and low TC dose groups.Conclusions : Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the administration of high dose of either CC or TC increases sperm concentration, while administration of low dose of either CC or TC enhances progressive sperm motility.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - المعهد العالي لتشخيص العقم والتقنيات المساعدة على الانجاب
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الاجنة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: محمد باقر محمد رشاد فخر الدين محمد عوده سلمان
اسم المؤلف: رائد عبد الاله عباس

دراسة بيئية لبعض انواع صنف بطنية القدم الارضية في ثلاث محافظات وسط العراق An Ecological Study For Some Terrestrial Gastropoda Species In Three Provinces Middle Iraq

المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية للتعرف على انواع صنف بطنية القدم الارضية المتواجدة في بعض محافظات وسط العراق (بغداد, بابل, كربلاء). اذ تم تسجيل الملاحظات الحياتية والتعرف على بيئاتها المفضلة وقياس العوامل البيئية ذات الاهمية. حيث تم تشخيص ثلاثة انواع وهي : Cornu as | The present study was conducted to identify the terresterial gastropoda species located in some provinces of middle Iraq (Baghdad, Babylon and Karbala). They were record Biological observations on their environment and learn about their prefer environments and to measure the important ecological factors. Three species were diagnosed : Cornu aspersum specie belong to Helicidae family, Monacha cantiana and Candidula gigaxii species belong to Hygromiidae family. Monthly sampling was conducted from (October 2013 - July 2014) of the three provincs on two sites per each provinc, Where the samples were collected randomly by five repeaters of one square meter once a month. The study also included soil ecological properties measuring : soil temperature, soil pH, Electrical conductivity, percentage moisture, organic matter content and soil texture.The results showed soil temperature values ranged between (8 - 30) C?, soil pH (7.33 - 7.96), Electrical conductivity (0.7 - 4.1) ds/m, percentage moisture (9 - 33) % , organic matter content (0.81 - 2.88) %. The results showed percentages rate for clay, silt and sand for Jadiriyah (38.39, 49.18, 12.43)%, Zafaraniya (36.66, 51.53, 11.81)%, Alexandria (37.93, 52.54, 9.53)%, Hindyia dam (40.54, 53.05, 6.41)%, Hosseinie (36.28, 45.81, 17.91)% and Twerij (37.79, 50.20, 12.01)%. Generally soil texture clay silt sandy soil for all study sites. The relative abundance of the studied species was recorded, The lowest value for Candidula gigaxii specie was 7.3 % in March in Hindyia dam, while the highest value was recorded for Cornu aspersum specie 75.0 % in December 2013 in Jadiriyah. Rates of population density (individuals / m 2) were calculated for the studied specimens and the results showed the presence of significant differences when comparing the study sites during research period. The population density rates for species the results showed the lowest value for Candidula gigaxii specie 0.4 (individual/m²) in October 2013 in Jadiriyah, and the highest value for Cornu aspersum specie 19.4 (individual/m²) in Janeuary 2014 in Jadiriyah. The results showed that Candidula gigaxii specie is found in sites (Jadiriyah, Zafaraniya, Hindyia dam(along research period, While the results did not record the presence of it in sites (Alexandria, Hosseinie, Twerij).The study showed presence of positive and negative significant relationships between species and soil ecological properties, as it were for Cornu aspersum specie negative significant relationship with air and soil temperature (0.827, 0.763) respectively, positive significant relationship with moisture and organic matter content (0.703, 0.880) respectively, while the results did not record significant differences with pH and Electrical conductivity (0.096, 0.168) respectively. Monacha cantiana specie has recorded negative significant relationship with air and soil temperature (0.431, 0.553) respectively, positive significant relationship with percentage moisture and organic matter content (0.368, 0.550) respectively, while did not record significant differences for pH and Electrical conductivity (0.214, 0.096) respectively. The results showed for Candidula gigaxii specie negative significant relationship of air and soil temperature (0.504, 0.322) respectively, positive significant relationship with moisture and organic matter content (0.380, 0.569) respectively, While did not record significant differences with pH and Electrical conductivity (0.088, 0.170) respectively.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عماد الدين عبد الهادي المختار
اسم المؤلف: ايمان حسين عبد

تحديد تعبير الجين المتحمل للملوحة TaGSK1 في عدد من اصناف الحنـطـة Determination of Gene Expression of Salt Tolerant Gene Tagsk1 In Wheat Cultivars

المستخلص: نفذت الدراسة الحالية في مركز بحوث التقنيات الاحيائية/ جامعة النهرين للمدة 2011 - 2012 لغرض الكشف عن جين الملوحة TaGSK1 ودراسة التعبير الجيني له في صنفين من الحنطة فرات ودجلة والتركيب الوراثي 2H المنتخبة لصفة تحمل الملوحة مقارنة مع الصنف تموز2 الحساس للملو | This study was conducted in biotechnology research center, Al - Nahrain university in 2011 - 2012 to detect the gene responsible for salt tolerant (TaGSKI) and study its expression in two wheat (Tigris and Euphrates) cultivars and the genotype (2H) were selected for salt tolerance through improvement and breeding programs as compared with to the sensitive local wheat cultivar (Tamooze 2). Seeds of the these cultivars were sown in flasks that contained Ms media in three salt levels (0, 15, 25) ds/m with three replication for each. Five seeds from each cultivars were sown in each replicate. After 10 - 15 days from the sowing, the percentage of germination was estimated, and samples of leaves were collected for RNA extraction and then changed to the cDNA. B - actin gene that consider endogenous control and salt tolerant gene TaGSK1 were amplificated by using PCR technique to discover the gene and by QPCR to estimate gene expression by determine the CT (Cycle Threshold) value for B - actin and TaGSK1 genes in wheat plants of the studying cultivars. Number of DNA dilutions of 189bp molecular weight that extracted from agarose gel were used to determing CT value for each dilution. Standard curves were drawn to find out value of PCR Efficiency which was used for gene expression for the salt tolerant gene TaGSK1.The results of germination percentage (%) showed that there were high differences between the two salt tolerant cultivars (Tigris and Euphrates) and 2H genotype and local cultivar (Tamooze 2). Euphrates cultivar gave 100% germination percentage, and the Tigris cultivar and 2H genotype gave 89, 86% germination percentage respectively at 25ds/m. whilst the local cultivar gave zero germination percentage at the same level of salinity. At 15ds/m level, also the Euphrates cultivar gave 100% germination percentage while the Tigris cultivar and 2H genotype gave 96, 94% germination percentage respectively as compared to Tamooze cultivar that gave 13% germination percentage. All the cultivars have 100% germination percentage at 0.0ds/m level. The conclusion of this result is the two cultivars (Tigris and Euphrates) and 2H genotype more salt tolerance than local cultivar at this growth stage which more salt sensitive than others growth stages. The results of PCR reaction were also indicated that Tigris and Euphrates cultivars and 2H genotype have salt tolerant gene TaGSK1, while this gene did not exist in the local cultivar. There were two bands of TaGSK1 gene that have 189bp and 404bp molecular weight in the Tigris and Euphrates cultivar and the genotype 2H, while the local cultivars have only one band that have 404bp molecular weight. These results were indicated that 189bp molecular weight of this gene is responsible for salt tolerance character in these cultivars.The results of QPCR reaction also were revealed that there is difference between the cultivars in their gene expression. Tigris and Euphrates cultivars and 2H genotype gave the highest gene expression at 15ds/m and increased at 25ds/m as compared to 0.0ds/m. At the second level 15ds/m the gene expression of the two cultivars and genotype was 0.8682, 0.8190 and 0.8688 respectively, and at the third level 25ds/m was 1.656, 1.3176 and 1.2665 respectively, while at the first level 0.0ds/m was less than the other 15, 25 ds/m as compared to local cultivar that the gene salt tolerant (TaGSK1) have no gene expression at the same salt levels. This result indicated that the local cultivar does not have salt tolerant gene TaGSK1. From these results we can revealed that TaGSK1 gene was found in the Tigris and Euphrates cultivars and 2H genotype, and this gene can be considered from high salt tolerant gene, because it gave the highest gene expression at the highest salt level 25ds/m. Therefore this gene help the plant to tolerate salt stress and grow very well. The results also showed that the two salt tolerant cultivars (Tigris and Euphrates) and the salt tolerant genotype (2H) proximately have the same salt tolerance degree, so they have proximately the same gene expression as compared to salt sensitive local cultivar which have no salt tolerant gene TaGSK1. This gene is good indicator for salt tolerance at high salinity levels 15, 25 ds/m in these cultivars and genotype.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2013
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: نورية عبد الحسين علي مجيد ارشيد سباح
اسم المؤلف: ايمان نعمان اسماعيل

التاثيرات المرضية النسجية لعقار ليفيتيراسيتام في التكوين الجنيني لكلى اجنة ومواليد وحوامل الجرذ الابيضAlbino rats (Rattus rattus) Histopathological Effect of Levetiracetam Drug On The Kidney Development In Rats Embryo, Newborns And Pregnant Albino Rat (Rattus Rattus)

المستخلص: الصرع هو حالة مزمنة تتميز بنوبات متكررة دون سابق انذار، سببها خلل في نقل الاشارات الكهربائية داخل الدماغ، وعقار Levetiracetam (LEV) من العقاقير المضادة للصرع، ذو خصائص دوائية ملائمة وتظهر فعاليته في تحسين السيطرة على النوبات، ويكون امتصاصه في البلازما سري | Epilepsy is a condition characterized by recurrent abrupt seizures episodes caused by the defect in the transmission of electrical signals to the brain. LEV is one of antiepileptic drugs which has appropriate pharmacological properties and show its effectiveness in improving the control of the epileptic seizers, its rapid absorbance, and its excretion through the kidneys by glomerular filtration and it is re - absorption into the tubular portion.Kidney arise from intermediate mesoderm and it consists of three execratory organs in all vertebrates : pronephros which is transient and present in all vertebrates, mesonephros which also present in all vertebrates embryos and their activity depends upon the type of embryo, and metanephros which is the functional kidney during life after the embryogenesis in reptiles, birds and mammals. The first signals for kidney initiation in albino rat embryo take place in the 10th days of pregnancy. The current study is designed to demonstrate the effect of LEV (350 mg/kg/day) on the kidney development of Albino rat fetus from the age of 8 - 18 days of pregnancy and its effect on the kidneys of the 3 and 7 days aged newborns. In addition to its effect on pregnant rat kidneys treated with the drug for 17 days. Hundred pregnant Albino rat (Rattus rattus) are enrolled in this study, classified blindly to 50 control and 50 pregnant rats are orally treated with LEV (350 mg/kg/day). The histological results of the current study revealed that there is no effect on embryonic kidney in fetuses aged 9 days of pregnancy, whereas, the pronephros of the fetuses aged 10 days shows death of the cells in comparison to control group. Moreover, the kidney of the 11th aged fetuses showed degeneration of the mesonephric duct represented by decrease cellular mass, death and hypertrophy of some cells comparing to the cells of control group. Concerning the kidney of the 12th aged fetuses and subsequent days, there is degeneration of the epithelial cells of the metanephros duct, their detachment from the basement membrane and their congestion in comparison to the cells of the control group. The kidney of the 13th aged fetuses showed swelling, damage for some of the epithelial cells of the glomerulus and collecting tubules, accumulation and shrinkage of glomerular cells, damage, death, and detachment of some collecting tubules cells demonstrated in the 14th aged fetuses. There enlargement of capsular space in addition to the most previous defects was seen in the 15th aged fetuses in comparison to the control group. Most of the previous defects are seen in the 16th, 17th and 18th age fetuses. Scanning electron microscope revealed nuclear enlargement of the podocytes found in the visceral layer of the renal corpuscle of the 16th aged fetuses (mean diameter 64.6 µm compare to 39.2 µm of the control group). Regarding the kidney of 3rd and 7th aged newborns, the histological defects seen in the latest aged fetuses was also seen and there was statistically significant differences (p?0.05) between the diameters mean of the glomerulus of the 3rd and 7th aged newborn. Whereas, there was no significant difference in the diameter of the kidney tubules of 3rd but there was significant difference of the 7th aged newborn. Regarding the kidney of the 17th day treated pregnant rat, there was enlargement of the capsular space caused by accumulation, and degeneration of glomerular cells characterized by loss of the nucleus, shrinkage of the glomeruli, and atrophy of most of them. Loss of the nucleus and detachment of the cells, and swelling of most of the collecting tubules. There was a statistically significant difference between the diameter of the kidney tubules of the pregnant rat and the control group. In conclusion, LEV had histological effect on the kidney of the 10 - 18 aged fetuses and on 3, 7 days aged newborns in addition to its effect on the kidney of the pregnant female treated with the drug for 17 days.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الاجنة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: نهلة عبد الرضا البكري
اسم المؤلف: لمياء هادي محمد الابراهيمي

التحري عن بعـض عوامل الفوعة لبكتريا المكورات Enterococci المعوية المقاومة للمضاد الحيوي الفانكومايسين Detection of Some Virulence Factors of Vancomycin - Resistant Enterococci

المستخلص: تم الحصول على (20) عزله لبكتريا المكورات المعوية البرازية من اصل (135) عينة جمعت من مستشفى مدينة الطب ومستشفى الكندي وهي كما ياتي (15 عينة الادرار, 60 عينة دم, 50 عينة من قنوات الجذر للاسنان و10 عينة من الحروق).اختبرت الحساسية لهذه العزلات العشرون لـ 11 | Clinical sampling was carried out between September and December 2013, Twenty Enterococcus faecalis isolates were obtained from 135 clinical specimens. The samples included of patients in Medical City Hospital and Al - kindy Hospital (15 urine, 60 blood, 50 root canal and 10 wound swabs) Antibiotics susceptibility test for 20 isolates was done against 11 antibiotics, it was revealed that the isolates showed multi drug resistance were (18) isolates. The vancomycin susceptibility was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Resistant and intermediate resistant to vancomycin was distributed among isolates at a ratio of 65% and 20%, respectively. Imipenem was found to be the most bactericidal agent against E. faecalis isolates E. faecalis virulence factors were detected phenotypically, The results showed that all isolates (100%) were hemolysin, protease and aggregation substance producer. 30% of isolates showed an ability to produce gelatinase. While (40.7%) of the isolates were a lipase producer. The results of the tube method showed that all E. faecalis isolates (100%) were slime layer and biofilm producer but the amount of adherent layer were different among the isolates ranged from strong to moderate and weak.The extracted DNA was subjected to Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in a monoplex pattern to amplify the virulence factor Enterococcal Surface Protein (esp) which is chromosomal, results of this investigation showed that 20 (100%) E. faecalis isolates gave the amplicon size 933 base pair for the esp gene.The genetic determinants of Vancomycin - Resistant vanA and vanB genes were amplified using monoplex and multiplex PCR techniques in order to identify vancomycin resistant (van+) and sensitive (lacking van) among (13) E. faecalis. The vanA, vanB genes were detected in 11 and 4 E. faecalis isolates, respectively. The results of monoplex and multiplex PCR revealed that the molecular weight of vanA and vanB genes were 550 and nearly 600 bp, respectively. The results revealed that the vanA and vanB amplicons have a genetic variation in their molecular weight during the electrophoresis of PCR product.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: مي طالب فليح
اسم المؤلف: حيدر صباح كاظم الخماسي

التحري عن الطفرات في جيني CNTNAP2 وIL1RAPL1 في مرضى التوحد Mutation Screening of CNTNAP2 And IL1RAPL1 Genes In Autistic Patients

المستخلص: ان اضطرابات طيف التوحد هي مجموعة من الظروف التي تتميز بضعف في التواصل الاجتماعي ونمطية في السلوك. يختلف الاشخاص المتوحدين اختلافا كبيرا في التطور المعرفي والتي يمكن ان تتراوح من فوق المتوسط الى العجز في التفكير. رغم ان اضطرابات طيف التوحد هي تورث بشكل كبي | The autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of conditions characterized by impairments in reciprocal social interaction and communication, and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors. Individuals with an ASD vary greatly in cognitive development, which can range from above average to intellectual disability (ID). While ASDs are known to be highly heritable (~90%), the underlying genetic determinants are still largely unknown. The research studies correlate between Contactin - associated Protein - Like 2 (CNTNAP2), Interleukin - 1 Receptor Accessory Protein - Like1 (IL1RAPL1) genes and ASDs. This study includes forty autistic patients and forty non autistic children as control groups (twenty unaffected sibling and twenty unrelated children). The age of autistic and non autistic children was ranged from 3 to 10 years. Blood samples of autistic patients were collected from Rahman specialist centre for the care and service autistic children in Baghdad. DNA was extracted from blood samples for molecular detection of CNTNAP2 and IL1RAPL1 mutations associated with ASDs by the use Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique and sequence analysis. PCR reaction was performed to amplify exons (14, 17 and 20) of CNTNAP2 gene that encode to CASPR2, a member of the neurexin family which functions in the nervous system as cell adhesion molecules and receptors. The PCR results revealed that identical bands related to the CNTNAP2 exons were present in all samples. Therefore, five samples (four from autistic patients and one from control sibling) were selected for genotype analysis of CNTNAP2 exons (14, 17 and 20) by direct sequencing. Genotype analysis revealed that there were no any variants in CNTNAP2 exons, but it shows that four different mutations were identified in non coding region (introns) of the CNTNAP2 gene. These mutations were seen only in autistic patients but absent in control sample. Three of these mutations are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs3779031 A/G in 2118282 position, rs3779032 A/C in 2118436 position and T/G in 2117905 position). The other mutations were deletion in one nucleotide (Del A/ - in 2117901 position). SNP rs3779032 A/C are located at intron 21 while other mutations are located at intron 19. The current study showed that two common SNPs (rs3779031 and rs3779032) in CNTNAP2 were strongly associated with ASDs, where the frequencies of these SNPs were relatively high. SNP rs3779031 identified in two autistic patients while rs3779032 identified in three autistic patients from four unrelated families with ASDs. PCR reaction also was performed to amplify exons (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) of IL1RAPL1, a gene implicated in calcium - regulated vesicle release and dendrite differentiation. The PCR results show a large intrgenic deletion (Deletion of exons 3 and 4) in six autistic patients, two of these patients were twin. This deletion may be incomplete penetrance due to phenotypic heterogeneity of these patients. This study provides evidence of the role of genetic factors in the etiology of ASD and the important CNTNAP2 and IL1RAPL1 genes mutation of pathogencity ASDs.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم عبد الرزاق القزاز
اسم المؤلف: بشير كاظم خرميط

الازالة الحيوية لليورانيوم والسيزيوم من الترب الملوثة بواسطة نبات الشعير Phytoextraction of Uranium And Cesium From Contaminated Soil By Hordeum Vulgare Plants

المستخلص: Phytoremediation is defined as the use of green plants to remove pollutants from the environment or to render them harmless. Phytoremediation process can be classified based on the contaminant fate as; Phytoextraction, Phytotransformation, Phytostabilization, Phytodegradation, Rhizofiltration. In this work, the phytoextraction process was employed. A piece of land in the Botanical Garden at the University of Baghdad with an area of 25 m2 was prepared to plant the barley plant. Then, seeds of barley of type "Samir", which is an Iraqi kind that suitable for cultivation in Iraq, have been seeded. For U and Cs experiments, soil was mixed with a limited quantity of each U isotope for three different concentrations; 152 Bq/kg, 95 Bq/kg and 81 Bq/kg and for Cs106.5 Bq/kg, 79 Bq/kg and51 Bq/kg. For NPK and Urea experiments, different concentrations were tested to establish the requirements of these experiments. The LB4100 - W counting system includes the most complete data analysis software package was used to measure and calculate the alpha and beta concentrations and subsequently the overall activity concentration of any studied sample. Samples were prepared by following the Indian Standard method. For U, the experiment achieved by dividing it into four groups that differ in the spent time of agriculture in contaminated and clean (reference) soils. The results illustrated that the phytoextracted of U with planted period in contaminated soil, which were 31, 50, 63, 34 days, were 36.22, 54.84, 76.24, and 66.30 Bq/kgm, respectively. However, the 4th group differs comparing with other groups in the spent time of cleaned soil, which was 73 days. For Cs experiments, the work grouped similar to U experiment. The results of Cs phytoextraction showed that the absorbed Cs were 54.34, 100.69 and 109.07 for spent times in contaminated soil; 23, 43 and 57 respectively. Furthermore, barley plant has significant ability to phytoextract U and good ability to phytoextract Cs for all the three different concentrations. Besides, the results illustrated that the increase in the planted time in contaminated soils led to increase the quantity of phytoextracted isotopes. The results of adding K fertilizer showed a decrease in the ability of barley to absorb U, while the addition of urea enhanced the ability of barley. Finally, the following conclusion can be drawn from the present study that : barley is a good tool to phytoextract Cs rather than U and the use of urea fertilizer is suitable for enhanced the phytoextraction process.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: ناظم حسن حيدر
اسم المؤلف: سيف صبار كامل

الكشف الجزيئي عن التغيرات في جين MSX1 المسؤول عن حالة فقدان الاسنان باستخدام سلسة تفاعل البلمرة في عينة من المرضى العراقيين Molecular Detection of Msx1 Gene Changes Responsible For Causing Hypodontia Using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) In Sample of Iraqi Patients

المستخلص: مصطلح الهايبودونشيا يعني نقص الاسنان الخلقي ويعد من اكثر التشوهات الفموية حدوثا لدى الانسان. مائة وخمسة وسبعون من مرضى نقص الاسنان الخلقي سجلوا في هذه الدراسة لديهم على الاقل سن واحد مفقود ولايزيد عدد الاسنان المفقودة عن ستة، قصدوعلاج الاسنان التقويمي في | Hypodontia means congenitally missing teeth, and considers as one of the most common oral alteration in human. One hundred and seventy five of hypodontia patients were matriculated in this study, having at least one missing tooth and no more than 6 missing teeth, seeking orthodontic treatment, who attended Al - Huwaizi Dental Center at AL - Harethia District - Baghdad, and control group consists of twenty five apparently healthy subjects (15 females, and 10 males). The age of both groups ranged from14 to 65 year. Buccal swabs were collected (for molecular study) from 25 of those patients who attended the clinic in a period between the beginnings of October 2013 to the end of April 2014, and from control group. Information were taken from the subjects under study according to a questionnaire that includes, name, gender, age, family and medical history, and the place of residence. Hypodontia was diagnosed according to the history of patients, clinical examination, orthopantomogram (OPG), and dental casts. The result of demographic study of hypodontia patients revealed that hypodontia was found in 129 of females which were more than that in males(46) with significant difference (p < 0.05). The ratio of females to males was 2.8 : 1. The missing teeth in hypodontia patients were found in right, left or both sides. The number of hypodontia patients, who had missing teeth in the right side were 37, in the left side were 48, while in both sides reached to 90 with non - significant differences and the results clarified that the missing teeth in anterior region found in 81 patients were higher than that in posterior region (63) while the least in both regions which recorded in 31 patient. It was found that hypodontia was more common in the maxilla (73) (upper jaw) than that in mandible (65) (lower jaw), whereas 37 suffering from missing teeth in both jaws, with non - significant differences. Present results showed that the maxillary lateral incisor (LI) was the most frequently missing tooth (124), the second most missing tooth was mandibular second premolar (PM2) (101) followed by lower central incisor (CI) (33), the maxillary second premolar(PM2) (27) whereas the lowest frequently missing teeth were canine (C), and the first premolar (PM1). The molecular part of present study used polymerease chain reaction (PCR) technique for amplification of DNA samples extracted from buccal swabs of twenty five hypodontia patients and control group.Four pairs of primers X1.1F, X1.3R; X1.4F, X1.4R; X2.1F, X2.3R, and X2.3F, X2.4R of the MSX1 gene, obtained from Bioneer Company (Korea), were used to amplify overlapping regions of the 2 exons of the MXS1 gene. The first pair of primers was used to amplify fragment with product size of 421 bp., while the second, third, and forth pairs of primers were used to amplify fragments with product size of 152 bp., 493 bp., and 264 bp., respectively. The outcome of MSX1 gene amplification showed that four patients with the first pair of primers and nineteen patient with the third pair of primers gave negative result (no bands) which differed from the result of the other patients and control. The disappearance of bands may be attributed to MSX1 microdeletion in those patients.The sequencing of MSX1 gene for the PCR product of second, third and fourth pairs of primer showed no genetic mutation, while the PCR product of the first pair of primers reveled nine missense and two silent mutations.It was concluded that hypodontia occurre frequently in Iraqi population and its occurrence in females was higher than that in males, and the gene MSX1 is responsible for many teeth missing in hypodontia patients.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - معهد الهندسة الوراثية والتقنيات الاحيائية - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: اسماعيل حسين عزيز اكرم فيصل الحويزي
اسم المؤلف: اماني احسان الصقر

دراسة نسجية وكيمياء نسجية للقناة الهضمية في طائر فاختة النخيل Streptopelia senegalensis Histological And Histochemical Study of The Alimentary Canal In Laughing Dove Streptopelia Senegalensis

المستخلص: تمثل الدراسة الحالية دراسة التركيب المظهري والنسجي وكيميائية النسيج للقناة الهضمية للحمام البري فاختة النخيل Streptopelia senegalensis, لثمان عينات من النماذج الحية البالغة من الحمام البري التي تم اصطيادها حية باطوال مختلفة, وبعد تخديرها بمادة الكلورفورم, | The present study represent the Anatomical, Histological and Histochemical structures of the alimentary canal in the laughing dove Streptopelia senegalensis, for eight adult specimens of these wild birds were trapped alive in different lengths, The specimens were anaesthetized by chloroform, and then carefully dissected for studying the gross anatomy, the alimentary canal from the proximal esophagus to the cloaca was carefully removed from the body cavity, lengths have been taken for alimentary canal and for each part of it, the alimentary canal divided into small pieces for each part, then fixated with Bouin's solution for general histological studies.Transverse sections of the different studied samples were cut at thickness of 5 - 7microns and the prepared sections were stained with routine stains Haematoxylin and Eosina and special stains for histochemical studies ( (Periodic acid - Schiff (PAS) technique, Alcian blue - PAS method and the Mercury bromophenol blue) ). The present Anatomical study showed the esophagus as long tubular organ, the cervical part of it is longer than the thoracic part and the crop was merely enlargement sac in shape which locate at the entrance of the thorax. The stomach is differentiated into a glandular proventriculus and a muscular ventriculus or gizzard.The small intestine distinguish into duodenum, jejunum and ileum which is the longest part of it, whereas the caeca are very small pair, and the rectum is short tube which end with cloaca, the last part of the alimentary tract. The histological study revealed that the alimentary tract composed of usual four layers; tunica mucosa, tunica sub mucosa, tunica muscular and tunica adventitia or serosa. The mucosal layer of esophagus was arranged in folds which was longer in the cervical part and constituted by nonkertenized stratified squamous epithelium, esophageal glands found just in submucosal tunica of the thoracic part. The crop has the same histological structure as in esophagus but it’s folds are less high than them in esophagus and there is no glands on it. The superior gastric glands of proventriculus were simple tubular glands and the deep gastric glands were compound alveoli glands which involve the submucosa tunica.A thick layer of koilen covers the mucosa of the ventriculus it’s lamina propria had loose connective tissue with simple alveolar glands. The villi of small intestine become shorter toward the rectum, which lining by simple columnar epithelium with striated border, and contain goblet cells which gradually increase in number frequently from the duodenum to the rectum. The histochemical studies revealed that PAS and alcian blue / PAS stains were given positive react in the esophageal glands, mucosa layer of esophagus, crop, stomach, and superior gastric glands and the goblet cells of small intestine and rectum. whereas the alcian blue / PAS were givin weak react in deep gastric glands in the provetriculus and gastric gland of gizzard but goblet cells were givin positive react in small intestine and rectum.Proteins were observed in the mucosa layer of esophagus, glandular stomach, intestine and rectum, when they had taken positive react with Mercuric bromophenol blue stain, but the reaction appeared weak in esophagea glands, intestinal glands and goblet cells.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: مختار خميس محمد سعيد
اسم المؤلف: خولة خلف حسون صادق

تاثير الدقائق النانوية للفضة في بعض الجوانب التركيبية والوظيفية للجهاز التناسلي الذكري للفئران Effect of Silver Nanoparticles On Some Structural And Functional Parameters of Male Reproductive System of Mice

المستخلص: تطرقت هذه الدراسة الى معرفة تاثير الدقائق النانوية للفضة (Ag NPs) في بعض الجوانب التركيبية والوظيفية للجهاز التناسلي الذكري للفئران. جرعت الحيوانات فمويا بالـ Ag NPs بجرعة 5 ملغم/مل وللمدد 5, 10, 15 يوما وفي اليوم التالي لانتهاء كل مدة معاملة تمت التضحية | This study touched to know the effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on some organs of the reproductive system and the testosterone hormone in male albino mice. animals were orally dosed with 200 mg/kg of Ag NPs for 5, 10, 15 days and the next day to the end of each period of treatment has animal sacrificed and autopsy after taking their weights before and after the treatment for the comparison between them and then took the testes and epididymis (head and tail) from them after measuring their weights. This study included the study of changes in the weight of animals and organs, sperm characters in both the testes and epididymis, the percentage of cells generating sperm, the number of Leydig cells and the diameters of these cell nuclei, changes in the seminiferous tubules in the testes and changes in epididymis tubule and histopathological changes as well as changes in testosterone level. The results of the animals weights before treatment showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) compared to the weights of the same animals after treatment, while the results of this study after comparing with the control group showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the weights of testes and tunica albuginea for the periods of 5, 10 and 15 days. The epididymis showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the average weights of the epididymis head for the three periods while the average weights of the epididymis tail showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) for the periods of 10 and 15 days. The vitality and the concentration of the sperms showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in their percentages for the three periods. All the results above showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) when they compared between the three periods of the treatment. While the sperm abnormalities showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in their percentage in each of the testes and epidydimes for the periods 5, 10, 15 days with a significant increase (P<0.05) in these abnormalities when they compared between the three periods of the treatment. The histological results of this study after comparing to the control group revealed histopathological changes in the testes and the epididymis (head and tail). The percentage of spermatogenesis showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the number of spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte and sperms when compared to the control group with a significant decrease in the number of these cells when compared the three treatment periods with each other. While the number of secondary spermatocyte and spermatids was significantly increased (P<0.05) when compared with the control, with a significant increase in the number of these cells when comparing the three periods of treatment. Whereas the results of Leydig cells after comparing to the control group showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the number and the diameter of the cell nucleus. The results of this study also showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the thickness and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules of the testes and the thickness, The epithelium height of the epididymis (head and tail) when compared to the control group with significantly decrease in the thickness and diameter of the seminiferous tubules of the testes and the thickness and epithelium height of the epididymis (head and tail) when they compared between the three treatment periods. The results of this study when compared to the control group showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the level of the testosterone hormone with significantly increase (P<0.05) in the testosterone level when compared between the periods of 5, 10, 15 days. From these findings it is concluded that the AgNps crossed the blood - testis barrier and caused many changes to the testicular tissues and decreased the level of the testosterone. This may affect the fertility of mice.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الفسلجة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: محمد ناجي طه
اسم المؤلف: امير محمد جعفر علي حسين البلداوي

تاثير تربية الاسماك بالاقفاص الموضوعة في نهر دجلة المار بمدينة بغداد في مجتمع الهائمات القشرية The Impact of Fish Farming By Cages Placed In The Tigris River At Baghdad City On The Community of Crustacean Zooplankton

المستخلص: ان الاثار البيئية لزراعة الاسماك في اقفاص التربية في العراق لم تتم دراستها بصورة جيدة،علما ان هذا النشاط يمارس على نحو متزايد وهناك حاجة كبيرة لدراسة الاثار المترتبة على ذلك.اجريت الدراسة الحالية على مواقع اقفاص تربية الاسماك في نهر دجلة شمال بغداد للتعر | The present study took place on fish farming cages located in the Tigris River in the north Baghdad, to in order to study the effects of high fish densities on zooplankton communies in addition to study of some physical and chemical factors.The environmental effects of fish farming in cages in Iraq have not been studied well, knowing that this activity is practiced increasingly and there was a significant need to study the implications of this important mater.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of carpfish farming cages on the density of zooplankton in the Tigris River, The samples were taken twiece a month form the three stations for six months from January to June 2014 in three selected stations in the river stream : the first place was Al - Rashidiya station which located in Al - Rashidiya area (Kadhim Al - Ali), 5 km from tourist Baghdad island and the second station was Algriaat 1 which located in Algriaat area in Rusafa side of Baghdad city corresponding to the Kadhimiya near the bridge of riverain pedestrian (Al - Duab bridge) connecting between Al - Rashidiya, while the Al - Kadhimiya and the third station was Algriaat 2 which located in Algria’at zone corresponding to the area of Kadhimiya.The study included the identification studying the density of three grops of zooplankton which were Calanoida, Cyclopoida and Cladocera in addition to the measurement of some physical and chemical characteristics of river water and its effect on the three zooplankton community according to their importance, which included velocity of water current, water temperature electrical Conductivity and Salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen(DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), phosphate concentration and nitrate concentration. The results of the present study showed that the density of Cladocera. Was lower than the densities of Calanoida & Cyclopida in the three station. on the other hand the current study showed that the densities of both Calanoida and Cyclopoida were oscillatory during the months of th study between highest and lowest, without in statistically significant differences, but the highest densities in June, and this study shows that the highest densities of the three groups of zooplankton were recorded in June. The present study showed a negative effect of the high density of the fish in the cages on the density rate of planktonic crustacea by reducing the numbers and the density of planktonic crustacea community inside cages. Compared with planktonic crustacea community outside the cages and with those within 100 meters far from cages, the differences were statisticaly singnficance.On the other hand regarding to the results of the physical and chemical factors it was found a highest that the velocity of water current rate was 82.50 cm/s in Algria’at 2, while the lowest was 43.33 cm/s in Al - Rashidiya station.Water temperatures ranged between 9C° in Algria’at 2 to 32C° in Al - Rashidiya station during the study period.The highest rate of electrical conductivity was 1032.00 ?S/cm in Algria’at 1, while the lowest was 765.25 ?S/cm in Al - Rashidiya station, while the highest rate of the salinity concentration in the fish cages was 0.66 mg/L in Algria’at 1 and the lowest concentration of salinity was in Al - Rashidiya 0.48 mg/L.pH values ranged between 7.20 in Algria’at 2 to 8.05 in Algria’at 1 in March for both stations, whil the concentration of dissolved Oxygen in water concentration ranged between 5.95 mg/l in Al - Rashidiya to 7.70 in Al - Rashidiya and Algriaat 1. and the Biological Oxygen Demand ranged was between 4.11 mg/l in Algriaat 1 to 6.50 mg/L in Al - Rashidiya station during February for both stations. It was also found that the lowest concentration of phosphate was 0.016 ml/l in Algriaat 2 in april while the highest concentration was 0.075 mg/l algreaat2 in march Also it was found that the lowest cocentration of nitrate 0.82 mg/l was recorded in al griaat 2 in fabruart while the highest conceneation 1.90 mg/l was recorded in Al Rashidya in june.All the results of the physical and chemical factors founded were within normal allowable environmentally boundaries and which have no effect on the aquatic planktonic crustacea community.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - اللافقريات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: صباح فرج عبد الاحد
اسم المؤلف: حارث قاسم مهدي

دراسة مجتمع الديدان الحلقية قليلة الاهلاب بنهر الفرات في المسيب - العراق Study of Aquatic Oligochaetes Community In The Euphrates River In Al - Mussayab / Iraq

المستخلص: تعد ديدان قليلة الاهلاب المائية مجموعة حيوانية تضم انواعا مهمة من الناحية الاقتصادية والعلمية كونها غذاء جيدا للاسماك، ودورها في النظام البيئي بوصفها مؤشرات حياتية معروفة في تقييم نوعية المياه ودرجة تلوثها. وبسبب قلة الدراسات التشخيصية وعدم وجود قائمة خ | Aquatic oligochaete worms is an animal group that contains important species, economically speaking as its being a good fish food, and its scientific role in the ecosystem as well known bio - indicator for assessment water quality and evaluate the degree of water pollution. Due to little identification studies available about this group, and the absence of Iraqi checklist of species, the idea of the current study came, which concerned with the community of aquatic oligochaetes worms in the middle sector of the Euphrates River. Three sites have been chosen for this purpose, the first site is on the Euphrates River in the district of River at Al - Mussayab city (S1) and two streams branched from it, including Al - Mashroo'a stream (S2) and Abu - alasafeer stream (S3).These sites are characterized by sediment texture ranged from silt - sandy sediment in S1, sandy in S2 and Sandy - Clay in S3, the percentage of organic matter in the sediment ranged between1.8 - 2.6 % in S1, 0.7 - 1.9% in S2, and 4.8 - 6.4 % in S3. As far as plants concern, the presence of reed plant Phragmites australis, Potamgeton crispus plant, Hydrilla verticellata plant, and some filamentous algae in all study sites.Total of 1720 individuals of aquatic oligochaeta have been sorted out during the study period from all sites representing 37 species belong to the family Lumbricidae, Tubificoid naidid worms, Naidid worms of subfamily Naidinae and subfamily Pristininae, and finally, family Aeolosomatidae. Eleven species were considered as new records for Iraq. Regarding study sites, S2 recorded a least number of individuals and number of species, while the number of individuals and number of species were converged at S1 and S3. Results of the Species Richness Index showed that the highest value was recorded at the S3 and reached 8.37, while Species Uniformity Index, ranged between the highest value of 1.88 at the S3 and lowest value of 1.60 in S2, and finally in S1 it was 0.85. Shannon - Weiner diversity Index, recorded its highest value of 6.33 bits / individual in the S3, and lowest value has in of 2.78bits/individual in S1, but it was 4.80 bit / individual in S2. The Results of Jacquard Presence - Community values of similarity showed that the highest degree of similarity is (58.62%) recorded betwen S1 and S2. One species of family Lumbricidae was recorded that is Eiseniella tetraedra in S2.This family recorded a percentage of 3% of the total isolated worms. Total of 584 individuals of Tubificoid naidid worms were sorted with a percentage 34% of the total number of worms and they were identify as nine species included Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, L. profundicola, L.claparedeanus, Tubifex tubifex, Aulodrilus pigueti, Peloescolex tenuis, Potamothrix hammoniensi, Rhyacodrilus coccineus, and finally Branchiura sowerbyi which recorded the highest percentage of 65.24% of the total tubificoid naidid worms with the highest frequency of 100%, followed by L. hoffmeisteri with a percentage of 16.95% and the frequency percentage of 85.19%, while the remaining species recorded close proportions ranged between 1 - 2%. Peloscolex tenuis was considered as a new record for Iraq, where10 individuals of this species were sorted with a percentage of 1.71%, and a frequency percentage of 3.70 %.Total of 47 individuals of subfamily Pristininae, were sorted, represented five species, including two species of genus Pristinella, P obsorni, and P. sima, and three species of genus Pristina, identified as, P. longiseta, P. aequiseta, and P. foreli, with a highest percentage of 53.19%, and a highest frequency of 14.81% were recorded by P. longiseta. A total of 788 individuals of subfamily Naidinae were sorted represent 20 specie includes Chaetogaster diastrophus, Stephensoniana trivandrana Paranais litoralis, P.frici, Ophidonais serpentina, Slavina appendiculata, S.isochaeta, Specaria josinae, Stylaria lacustris S. fossularis, Dero(Dero) evelinae, D.(D.) nivea, D. (Aulophorus) furcatus, Nais simplex, N.pseudobtusa, N. stolci, N. variabilis, N. elinguis, N. pardalis, Allonais inaequalis. Nine species of which were recorded for the first time in Iraq (in Bold). Species S. lacustris recorded the highest frequency percentage of 59.25%, and the highest individuals number 0f 187 was recorded by both S. lacustris and O. serpentine. Finally, 207 individuals of family Aeolosomatidae were identified into two species, Aeolosoma variegate and A. hemprichi. The first species recorded the highest percentage of 82.61% and a frequency percentage of 33.33%, and the second species recorded a percentage of 17.39% and a frequency percentage of 29.64%. The study also included a description of the identified species with photos illustrations of the identification characteristics of each species.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
السنة: 2012
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: هيفاء جواد جوير
اسم المؤلف: الهام عبيد صالح الجنابي

استخلاص وتوصيف المنشط السطحي الحيوي Rhamnolipid من بكتيريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa المعزولة من بعض الحالات السريرية والبيئية Extraction And Identification of Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant From Pesudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates From Clinical And Environmental Cases A Thesis Submitted

المستخلص: هدف البحث الى التعرف على فاعلية التدريس باستراتيجية التعلم بالتعاقد في تحصيل مادة علم الاحياء لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط وتفكيرهم الابداعي. وللتحقق من ذلك تم صياغة الفرضيتين الصفريتين الاتيتين : 1 - لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (05.0) بين مت | 50 isolates of the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa was obtained from 201 clinical samples were distributed between Burn Specialist Hospital and teaching laboratories from patients with burns, infected wounds, middle ear infection, urinary tract infection and respiratory tract infection for a period from 1st February till 1st May. And we obtained 50 bacterial isolates from 20 samples from contaminated and non - contaminated soils were distributed different areas of Baghdad for a period of 1st May 2013 till 1st August.Number of cultural microscopically, biochemical and sensitivity to antibiotics tests had been, than diagnosis was confirmed by API20E system.These isolates was tested for ability to production of biosurfactants (rhamnolipid) by haemolysis, oil spreasding test, calculate value of emulisification factor (E24) and measuring surface tension for liquid media. Tow isolates (PS42 and PP8) had been selected, first one was from soil samples and other was from pathological samples because of they have highest productivity, haemolysis ability, oil spreading, highest emulisification factor value and highest in lowering surface tension, there for these tow isolates selected for study their inhibitory activity against types of bacteria. The rhamnolipid was extracted from tow isolates P. aeruginosa PP8 and P. aeruginosa PS42 by using mixture of solvents as was obtained 15.45 g and 18.25 g per liter of each of the PP8 and PS42 respectively. The rhamnolipid was diagnosed by thin layer chromatography technology (TLC) and high - performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that tow bacteria produced three types of rhamnolipids (mono - , di - rhamnolipid and rhamnolipid A). The rhamonlipid efficiency was tested for inhibitory activity against bacteria by measuring diameter of inhibitory zone surrounding holes and discs. The inhibitory activity was high against Bacillus cersus bacteria followed by P. aeruginosa, than Staphylococcus aeraus and the lowest one was E. colli. The inhibitory activity for biosurfactant was approached to inhibitory activity for industrial surfactants. Also in this study has been determined minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) value for biosurfactants and the results varied depending on different types of biosurfactants and type of bacteria and the lowest values for MIC and MBC of biosurfactant produced by P. aeruginosa PS42 on growth of B. cereus and reached to 16.It was first time at local level for testing inhibitory activity of biosurfactant against pathogenic bacteria S. aureus and P. aeruginosa which was studied in vivo (injuried skin) after introduction these pathogens experimentally into laboratory mice with clinical symptoms appeared in injured skin after 48 hours and then treated mice groups with of 30 mg \ ml concentration of biosurfactants produced from isolates of bacterial (P. aeruginosa PP8 and P. aeruginosa PS42), resulted in a decrease in the time required for healing as found from the results obtained by the different length of period needed for healing (depending on the nature of injury and type of microorganism that causes injury).The mice had been recovered after 5 days when used biosurfactant at concentration 30 mg/ml produced P. aeruginosa PS42 followed by mice recovered after 6 days when used biosurfactants 30 mg/ml produced by P. aeruginosa PP8 in comparison with control group which recovered after 12 days for mice infected with S. aureus. In mice infected with P. aeruginosa recovered after 10 days when used biosurfactant produced by P. aeruginosa PS42 at concentration 30mg/ml and followed by mice recovered after 12 days when used biosurfactant produced by P. aeruginosa PP8 at concentration 30mg/ml in comparison with control group which recovered after 17 days.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: ندى صباح رزوقي
اسم المؤلف: مها هاني توفيق الخزرجي

دراسة وبائية لطفيليات القناة الهضمية عن منطقتي ابو غريب والعامرية وتاثيرها في بعض مستويات الدم Survey of Intestinal Parasites In Abu - Ghreeb And Al - Ameria Areas And Their Effect On Some Blood Components A Thesis Submitted

المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية اجراء مقارنة حول نسب انتشار الطفيليات المعوية وعلاقة الاصابة ببعض مكونات الدم المحيطي (اقيام الهيموغلوبين والعدد الكلي لكريات الدم البيض واعداد الحمضات) في مرضى من منطقتي ابو غريب والعامرية خلال المدة مابين شهر تشرين الاول 2011 ولغاي | The present study has included the comparison 0f prevalence rates of intestinal parasites and the relationship of infection of certain components peripheral blood (hemoglobin values, the total number of white blood cells, eosinophils numbers) in patients of each of the regions of Abu Ghraib and Amiriyah during the period from October, 2011 until July, 2012 as it has been collected (2449) stool samples that were distributed between (1430) stool samples from Abu Ghraib Hospital auditors and (1019) stool samples of auditors of the Health Center in Amiriya and also it has been collected blood samples. Stool samples were examined by direct method using brine (Normal Saline) and tincture of iodine (Lugol's Iodine) and the floating way by sulphate zinc water (ZnSo4.7H2O) to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites and the relationship of infection by age, sex, number of family members, and the type of water used for drinking. The results showed the presence of significant difference at the possibility(p<0.05) in total infection for the regions of Abu Ghraib and Ameriyah where the percentage was (36.29%) in the area of Abu Ghraib and (27.57%) for the Amiriyah area. It has been diagnosed five types of intestinal parasites (protozoa + Helminthes) as follows : A - Intestinal protozoa in the Abu Ghraib and for the Amiriyah area : 1 - Entamoeba histolytica was (17.62%, 16.68%).2 - Giardia lamblia was (11.95%, 5.49%).3 - Entamoeba coli colon was (2.44%, 2.55%(.B - Helminthes1 - Dwarf tapeworm Hymenolepis nana was (2.37%, 1.76.(2 - pinworm Enterobius vermicularis was (1.88%, 1.07.(We Did not observe any significant differences between the infection of intestinal parasites and sex factor where the total infection for males was (6.53%) while for females, it reached (8.06%) for Abu Ghraib, as to the Amiriya region, also we did not notice any significant differences between the infection of intestinal parasites and sex factor where The total infection for males was (7.26%) while for females, it was (6.84%(. It has been also found that there are significant differences and when probability of (P <0.05) for the infection with parasite (Giardia lamblia) between the areas of Abu Ghraib and Amiriyah where infection rate reached (11.9%) in Abu Ghraib while for the Amiriyah area, it has reached the ratio of, (5.49%) for the same parasite, while there was no significant difference between the other four types of parasites. The individual injuries are prevalent Lama has reached bilateral injuries (56) bilateral injury in the Abu Ghraib area, and (13) in the area of bilateral injury Ameria and most of the injuries were bilateral parasite (E.histolytica+ G.lamblia). The results showed that there is a significant difference when probability (P <0.01) for the distribution of age groups, reaching the highest infection rate in the age group of (29 - 20) years, (56.68%) and the lowest infection in the age group (60 years and over) the percentage of infection was (21.42%) in the Abu Ghraib area, while for Amiriyah area, it has been recorded the highest infection rate in the age group of (29.20), where it reached (49.22%) and the lowest injury in the age group (60 years and above) where The percentage of infection was (4.82%(. Also, it was noticed the emergence of variation in the values of the components of the peripheral blood and the lack of significant difference when probability (P <0.05) in the area of Abu Ghraib where it recorded the highest proportion of hemoglobin in the parasite (Entamoeba histolytica), amounting to (12.40 g / 100 ml) and the lowest percentage hemoglobin was recorded in parasite (Enterobius vermicularis) amounting to (9.46 cells / mm3), and the lack of a significant difference in the total number of white blood cells where it recorded the highest rate in the parasite (Entamoeba histolytica) 6776.32 cells / mm3 while the lowest rate was recorded in the parasite (Enterobius vermicularis (5074.37cell\mm3, and lack of a significant difference for eosinophile numbers was recorded the highest proportion in parasite Hymenolepis nana 516.63 cell\mm3 and the lowst rate was recorded in parasite Entamoeba histolytica 159.63 cell\mm3. As for the Amiriyah, it hasn’t been noticed any significant differences when probability (P <0.05), where the highest proportion of hemoglobin in the parasite (Entamoeba histolytica), was (11.76 g / 100 ml) and the lowest percentage hemoglobin recorded in parasite (Enterobius vermicularis) was (9.90 g / 100ml), and there was the lack of a significant difference in the total number of white blood cells, where it has been recorded the highest rate in the parasite (Entamoeba histolytica) 6574.59 cells / mm3 and the lowest rate was recorded in the parasite (Entamoeba coli) 5700.00 cells / mm3 and the lack of a significant difference for eosinophile numbers. The highest proportion in parasite Enterobius vermicularis was 518.65 cell\mm3 and the lowst rate in parasite Entamoeba coli was 140.29 cell\mm3. The results also showed that there is a high significant difference when the probability (P <0.01) in the incidence of intestinal parasites and the relationship of water used for drinking where the study proved that the highest infection rates recorded of the people who use canal waters and water tank where It percentages was (49.54%, 39.00%), respectively while the lowest rate of infection was recorded in people who use boiling water which reached (14.02%). The same applies to the Amiriya district which recorded the highest percentage of people who use tap water and the lowest percentage of those using boiling water reaching ratios (41.49 %, 12.5%), respectively.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
السنة: 2013
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: طالب عبد الله حسين
اسم المؤلف: دعاء بهاء عبد الجبار

دراسة تشخيصية لانواع تحت العائلة Tubificinae (قليلة الاهلاب : نايديدي) من بيئات مائية مختلفة داخل مدينة بغداد - العراق An Identification Study On Subfamily Tubificinae (Oligochaeta : Naididae) From Different Aquatic Habitat In Baghdad / Iraq

المستخلص: انواع تحت العائلة Tubificinae ديدان مائية حمراء اللون يتراوح طولها مابين 1سم الى عدة سنتمترات وقطرها حوالي 1ملم تنتمي الى العائلة Naidiadae، الصنف الثانوي قليلة الاهلاب، صنف السرجيات التابع لشعبة الديدان الحلقية، وتسمى عاميا" بديدان الوحل. تقطن هذه المجم | Species of Subfamily Tubificinae are aquatic red worms, their length ranged between 1cm to several centimeters, and their diameter about I mm, and they are classified with Family Naididae, subclass Oligochaeta, class Clitellata, phylum Annelida. They are commonly called "sludge worms". This group inhabit the rivers, lakes and ponds sediment, and some species also found in marine habitat, they are considered as one of the main benthos components specially in freshwater, with increase abundance in soft sediment rich in organic matters. Sludge worms individuals are hermaphrodite, reproduced sexually by cross - fertilization, eggs led in cocoon and hatched directly without any larval stage. They are also reproducing asexually by ArchitomyAccording to the economic importance of this worms as good food for fish, their ecological role as well known bio - indicators, little studies about their identification were available and absence of check list of their species in Iraq, the present investigation idea was come to concern primarily with sorting and identification of subfamily Tubificinae from River Tigris and some water surface in Baghdad /Iraq. For this purpose six study sites were chosen, including a drainage canal, North Baghdad (S1); three sites on the shore of River Tigris (S2, S3 & S4) ; in addition to site in Al - Jeish canal, East Baghdad (S5), finally the sixth site was from pond in Al - Zawra'a park, within the center of Baghdad (S6). These sites were characterized by sedimenet rang from clay, silty - clay to silty with a percentage of organic matter ranged between higher percentage of 9.9% in site S5 and 0.7% as a lowest percentage in site S1. According to water temperature, salinity and pH values, they were identical in all study sites.3628 individuals were sorted from 24 samples collected from all study sites. The sorting results revealed that the highest number of worms (1346 ind.) recorded in site S5, while the lowest number (326ind.) recorded in site S4. Twelve species were identified belonging to seven genera, and Limnodrilus was the most dominant genus. Five species were considered as new records to Iraq, which are L. silvani in S6, P. hammoniensis & Monopylophorus irroratus in P. moravicus in S2 and Rhyacodrilus cocciensis in S6.Five species of Limnodrilus were recorded, including L. hoffmeisteri, L. claparadienus, L. profundicola, L. udekemianus, and L. silvani with a percentage of 52%, 1.40%, 4%, 10.03% and 0.35% for each species respectively. Two species of Potamothrix were recorded which are P. bavaricus and P. hammoniensis with a percentage of 2% and 2.05% respectively, in addition to Branchiura sowerbyi, Psammoryctides moravicus, Tubifex tubifes, Rhyacodrilus cocciensis, and Monopylophorus irroratus with a percentage of 26.07%, 0.33%, 3%, 0.27, and 0.24 respectively. The higher frequency percentage of 100% was recorded by L. hoffmeisteri and B. sowerbyi.High densities of Tubificinae were recorded during all study period. Higher density of 6882 ind./m2 was recorded during in site S1; 4296 ind/m2 in site S2 ; 4496 ind/ m2, ind/ m2in site S3; 3730 ind/ m2 in site S4; 15218 ind/ m2 in site S5 and 7026 ind/ m2 in site S6.The results of relative abundance revealed that L. hoffmeisteri was the dominant species in site S3 and abundant in other study sites. B. sowerbyi was abundant in all study sites, while other species were recorded between few to rare species except L. udekemianus which was abundant in site S5, and T. tubifex in site S4. It was clear from species richness index, Shannon - Wiener diversity index, and species uniformity index, that the highest value for each index was recorded during cold months (Dec. - Feb.), 1.47, 2.83bit/ind, and 1.17 respectively, while the result of cluster analysis depending on Jaccard index of similarity revealed that the highest similarity of 80% found between S1& S6.The investigation also includes description of identified species and photos of identification criteria for each species. B. sowerbyi was easily recognized from other species by having gill filaments at the posterior end of the body. Species of Limnodrilus were characterized by the absence of hair chaetae, and they are differentiated by the shape of penis sheath, due to the close similarity of chaetal shapes, with the exception of L. udekemianus in which its anterior chaetae characterized by long and curved dorsal tooth. Species of Potamothrix were recognized by the presence of a pair of spermathecal chaetae, its shape was used to differentiate between P. hammoniensis, which have long gutter - shape and P. bavaricus, which have plade - like shape with triangle base. P. moravicus also have spermathecal chaetae but it was differed from that of Pomatothrix species by its long and narrow shape. T. tubifex was identified by its tub - shaped penis sheath, while R. cocciensis, was recognized by their penial chaetae in segment NO. XI, and M. irroratus by the presence of pseudopenis and its sheath.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
السنة: 2012
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: هيفاء جواد جوير
اسم المؤلف: افراح محمد علوان الجبوري

دراسة انتاج صبغة البرودجيوسين من بكتريا Serratia marcescens المعزولة من مصادر سريرية وبيئية وتاثيرها في بعض الميكروبات المرضية Study of the Prodigiosin productivity from Serratia marcescens isolated from environmental and clinical sources and the effect on some pathogenic microbes

المستخلص: The cotemporary world witnesses currently a rapid change due to the challenges imposed by the information technology in all scientific aspects.Hence, the scientific knowledge has become a prerequisite for each individual in this world. This led to a new view on education, in that it is no longer to be a process of providing information but it is a technique for a better learning.However, the main goal of education has shifted to focus on how to make the student to think appropriately and how to utilize the skills of the scientific thinking in order to motivate their thinking and understanding of knowledge as well as discovering the facts and relationships concerning the scientific phenomena aiming to form the generalities. The problem of the current research is mainly concerned with specifying the classical methods adopted in the Iraqi schools which do not match the contemporary scientific development. This research aims at utilizing the strategy of the strategy of forming generalizations according to Helda Taba Inductive Model as a teaching technique in order to identify its effect on : 1 - achievement in Biology.2 - the skills of the scientific thinking of the Fifth - Year female pupils.For sake of achieving the above two aims, two null hypotheses have been formed as follows : 1 - There are no statistically significant differences at level of significance of 0.05 between the mean scres of the female pupils (the experimental gronp), who have been taught according to the strategy of forming generalizations the strategy of forming generalizations, and the mean scores of those female pupils who have been twght classically in the achievnent test. 2 - there are no statistically siguificant differences at level of significance between the experiemental group, who have been taught according to the strategy of forming generalizations, and the mean scores of those female pupils who have been taught classically in the test of the scienhific thinting skills. In order to verify the above two hypotheses, the researcher has conducted an experiment which lasted for one whole academic semester.This experiment inluded : - The lesson plans. - The scientific thinking skills test (30 items). - An achievement test (60 items).The discrimination and difficulty power as well as the alternative action of the two test have been computed.Moreover, validity and reliability of the two tests have been secured. The reliability of the scientific thinking test has been found out to be (0.75) and the reliability of the achievcment test has been found out to be (0.92). This was done by using koder Richardson formula - 20. The researcher has prepared an experimental design, comprising two groups, the first one of which is called the experimental group which is to be taught according to the strategy of forming generalizations.While the second group is called the control one which is to be taught classically. The sample of the study covers (46) female pupils at the fifth - year secondany school (scienbific branch).The whole sample have been randomly distributed into two groups, the experimental one is of (24)pupils and the control one is of (22)pupils. The equalization between the testees in the variables of age, intelligence, exinformation, previous achivement in Biology and the scientific thinking skills has been conducted. The experiment group was conducted at the second academic semester (7weeks).The researcher himself had taught the two groups.The results obtained has been statistically analyzed by using two - indepenbent samples t - test.The results gained showed a better performance of the experimental group more than that of the control one in the scientific thinking and the achievement tests. In the light of the above results, the researcher reconmends the use of the strategy of forming generalizations in accordance to Helda Taba Inductive Model.Also, the researcher recommends to conduct other studies and research on other subjccts other than Biology on different school stages to find out the impact of the strategy of forming generalizations on thinking skills.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: الجامعة التكنولوجية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2009
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: مكرم ضياء جعفر شكارة صالح عبد الرضا الصالح البكري
اسم المؤلف: فرزدق ناظم حربي البديري

دراسة بعض الجوانب المناعية لاصابات اللشمانيا في عينة المرضى العراقيين Study of Some Immunological Aspects of Leishmaniasis In Sample of Iraqi Patient

المستخلص: This study was carried on 145 patients infected with leishmaniasis including; 75 with CL, 70 with VL, attending Al - Karama Teaching Hospital, Central Public Health Laboratory and Central Pediatric Teaching Hospital, during the period October 2013 to February 2014 were enrolled in this study, in addition to 30 healthy control collected from the National Center for blood donation for the same age groups for a group of patients. No clinical autoimmune manifestations such as arthralgia or cutaneous vasculitis were reported in any patients. Based on direct skin smear examination and serum samples analysis, the patients were distributed into two clinical groups : 30 patients suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis and 30 patients suffering from visceral leishmaniasis patients.The presented study aimed to confirmation of diagnosis cutaneous leishmaniasis depending on direct skin smear and visceral leishmaniasis based on indirect immunofluorescent assay test IFAT, then investigate the association of IgG autoantibodies against some antigens, especially : nuclear antigens, like : ds - DNA, nucleosome, histones, SmD1, PCNA, ribosomal P0, SS - A/Ro60kD, SS - A/Ro52kD, SS - B/La, CENP - B, Scl70, U1 - snRNP, AMA M2, Jo1, PM - Scl, Mi - 2, Ku and against cardiolipin, in order to correlate the types of diseases presentation (cutaneous or visceral) with the presence of these autoantibodies in a sample of Iraqi patients.The study was reached to the following results : 1. The direct microscopically examination of skin smear in CL patients, showed positive results in 30 cases (40.0%) compared to 45 cases (60.0%) negative results, and was a significant difference at the level of (P?0.05).2. The anti - leishmanial antibodies by Indirect immunofluorescent assay test in VL patients, showed positive results in 30 cases (42.9%) compared to 45 cases (57.1%) negative results, and was a highly significant difference at the level of (P? 0.01).3. The age groups most affected in CL were 16 to 40 years, with high significant differences at the level of (P? 0.01) were observed when compared with the other age groups. As for patients with VL, who aged between 3 months to 9 years, they showed variable significant differences between age groups in female while there were no significant differences in male at the level of (P?0.01). The majority of patients were aged 3 to 4 years and they represent 9 (30.0%). The study result showed 16 CL patients (53.3%) have only one lesion, while 11 patients (36.7%) have 2 to 9 lesions and only 3 cases (10%) have ? 10 lesions in different sites of their bodies. There were elevated high significant differences at the level of (P?0.01) when compared between the groups. And 21 cases (70%) have infected for ? two months, and the remaining 9 cases get their infection for > 2 months duration. There were increased high significant differences observed at the level of (P?0.01) when compared between the groups. Dry lesions recorded superiority in 20 (66.7%) of the CL cases, and other 10 (33.3%) have been diagnosed as a wet lesions. There were elevated high significant differences observed at the level of (P?0.01) when compared between the two types of the lesion. And The upper limbs were the dominant site of lesions in the CL cases, 15 (39.4%) of the cases had their lesions in one or both hands, followed by the lower limbs in 11 (29.0%) cases and the less frequent site of infection was the face in only 4 (10.5%) cases and 8 (21.0%) cases common lesions. The results showed obvious high significant differences at (P? 0.01) between the groups.4. For the tests of the autoantibodies, the anti - ds - DNA antibody was positive only in one patients (3.3%) with CL of the total (30) patients, while tests of the rest 29 (96.7%) were negative, while in VL of the total (30) patients, 9 patients (30.3%) were positive and 21 (70.0%) were negative. The anti - ds - DNA in leishmaniasis patients were highly significant at the level of (P?0.01) when compared between the study groups. As for the anti - nucleosomes antibodies, it was positive in 5 patients (16.7%) and negative in 25 (83.3%) among patients in CL, while in VL patients, 16 patients (% 53.3) registered positive and 14 (46.7%) their result werenegative, the anti - nucleosomes antibodies in leishmaniasis patients were highly significant at the level of (P?0.01) when compared between the groups study. No score was recorded for anti - SmD1antibodies in CL patients, no one was positive 0 (0.0%) and all the 30 patients (100.0%) gave negative result for this antibody, while in patients with VL, the result showed 4 patients (13.3%) gave positive and 26 patients (86.7%) were negative, the anti - SmD1antibodies in leishmaniasis patients was significantly different at the level of (P?0.05) when compared between the groups. While the anti - SSA/Ro60kD and anti - SSA/Ro52kD, in VL patients, 9 patients (30.0%) scored positive results and 21 of the patients (70.0%) were tested negative for anti - SS - A/Ro60kD, but 7 patients (23.3%) were positive and 23 of the patients (76.7%) were tested negative for anti - SS - A/Ro52kD. While in patients with CL, no one scored positive (0.00%) and 30 of the patients (100.0%) were negative for anti - SS - A/Ro60kD, whereas one patient (3.3%) gave a positive result and 29 of the patients (96.7%) were negative for anti - SS - A/Ro52kD. About anti - SS - B/La we found that 19 of the patients (63.3%) were scored positive result for this antibody in addition to 11 patients (36.7%) who were negative in VL patients and 4 of the patients (13.3%) have those antibodies and 26 of the patients (86.7%) haven’t these antibodies in CL patients respectively. The anti - SS - A/Ro60kD, anti - SS - A/Ro52kD and anti - SS - B/La in leishmaniasis patients were highly significantly different at the level of (P?0.01), when compared between studied groups.5. VL cases showed a significantly different distribution of anti - nuclear antibodies (ANA) in compare with CL cases, especially; in Anti - Ku antibodies 24 (80%), anti - Mi - 2 antibodies 21 (70%) and anti - SS - B/La antibodies 19 (63.3%) respectively.6. The results of anti - nuclear antibodies level in patients with leishmaniasis like; anti - ds DNA, anti - nucleosome, anti - SmD1, anti - PCNA, anti - SS - A/RO 60, anti - SS - A/RO 52, anti - CNP - B were in high significantly different at the level of (P?0.01) and level (P?0.05) when compared between the groups, while the other autoantibodies like; anti - histone, anti - ribosomal P0, anti - Sc170, anti - U1 - snRNP, anti - AMA M2, anti - J0 - 1 and anti - PM - Sc1 showed no significant differences (P?0.01) between the investigated groups.7. The mean value of anti - cardiolipin IgG antibodies was increased substantially with highly significantly differences (P?0.01) in VL patients as compared with control group (8.123 vs. 1.959), also as compared with CL patients (8.123 vs. 2.402).
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - المناعة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: انوار ادريس سليمان العساف
اسم المؤلف: مرتضى قيس علي العامري

تقويم صفة تحمل بعض اصناف البطاطا المكثرة نسيجيا للجفاف على المستوى الجزيئي Evaluation of Some Potato Varieties Grown In Vitro To Drought Tolerance At The Molecular Level

المستخلص: درست استجابة اربعة اصناف من البطاطا Solanum tuberosum L. وهي (Lusa, Ambo, Arizona, Riviera)، استجابتها للزراعة النسيجية، وتقييم صفة تحمل الجفاف، كما اجريت التحاليل الجزيئية لتحديد البصمة الوراثية لها.اوضحت نتائج تجربة اختبار استجابة الزراعة النسيجية، ان ا | Four varieties of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. Lusa, Ambo, Arizona and Riviera) were studied for their response to tissue culture and evaluation of the treatment of drought tolerance and molecular analysis. Results showed that the varieties differ in their response to growth, where as Arizona was the best variety in shoot tip culture and the survival percent (100%) and gave the highest average of branch length and number of leaves which were 9.810 cm, 8.100 leaf/ plant, while Riviera showed lower rate of survival and growth (40%). Riviera was excluded from the experiments. Cytokines and auxins were used in the following concentrations Kinetin (kin) with 2, 4 mg/L and Benzel adenine (BA) with interacted with Indoleacetic acid (IAA) at 1 or 2 mg/l or Napthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 0.5 or 1.0 mg/L in multiplication experiment. Arizona variety exhibited the highest length shoot, number of nods, number of leaves, root length, dry weight of roots, fresh and dry weights of shoots when using kinetin 2mg/L; interacted with NAA at 0.5 mg/L. while it showed a significant increase in the average of branches number, stem height, fresh and dry weights of shoot as well as the number of roots after treatment with using BA at 1 mg/L in combination with 0.5 mg/L (IAA). Drought tolerance of the studied varieties was studied by using Poly Ethlene Glycol (PEG) at the concentrations 20, 40, 60, 70, or 80 g/l. It showed that proline content was at its highest in Ambo variety reached 22.811 ? /g at the concentration 80 gm/L PEG. Arizona gave the highest mean in number of branches, number of nods, number of leaves, number of roots, under water stress conditions when the medium was supplemental with 20 mg/L PEG. Molecular analysis the studied varieties was conducted by using 6 primers. Results showed that the inheritance approximation between them, 0.314, 0.297, 0.273 for Lusa, Ambo and Arizona respectively. These results indicate that Rivera variety is genetically different from the others.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: علي عبد الامير مهدي الصالحي
اسم المؤلف: هوازن حليم صالح

الكشف الجزيئي عن بكتريا Oxalobacter formigenes باستخدام جينات 16SrRNA، oxc في البراز من اشخاص اصحاء Molecular Identification of Oxalobacter Formigenes Bacteria Based On 16S rRNA, Oxc Genes In Stool Samples Healthy Subjects

المستخلص: بكتريا Oxalobacter formigenes من مكونات المكنون البشري الميكروبي، تتغذى على الاوكزالات السامة وبذا تخلص الجسم منها. البكتريا سالبة لصبغة كرام، ولا تكون الابواغ ولاهوائية المعيشة، ويمكن عزلها من الغائط البشري، ولدراسة البكتريا من النواحي الجزيئية، تم جمع ع | Oxalobacter formigenes is one of the human microbiome, uses the toxic oxalate for their growth (Oxalotroph), and helps the body to get rid of excess oxalate. The bacterium is Gram negative, non - spore former, obligate anaerobe, and can be isolated from human stool.To carry out molecular studies on this bacterium, 50 samples of human stool were collected from subjects with wide range of ages (3 - 63 years) and different genders, subjects were healthy and have no medications and especially antibiotics for at least for 3 months. Genomic DNA was extracted with special kit, to amplify certain housekeeping genes, these are 16S rRNA (3' end) segment having the anti - Shine - Dalgarno sequence (ASD), and the oxc gene responsible for production of oxalyl - CoA decarboxylase (middle region responsible for active site at where the Thiamin pyrophosphate binds, the enzyme co - factor). It was possible to amplify the 16S rRNA gene in 46 sample out of 50 (92%), and 7 samples out of 50 (14%) for oxc gene. Analysis and alignments of 16S rRNA sequences put the Iraqi samples in the O. formigenes i.e., the same species depending on Distance Score of alignments, it has been found that ASD of bacteria is conserved and represented by the sequence " 5' CGCGGUGAACGUUCCCGGG3' " in the studied samples and in strains found in the International Databases. Segment of oxc (~ 600 bp) translated into proteins (190 - 194 amino acids) were aligned with oxc protein of O. formigenes (M77128) reference strain, it has been found that this segment similar to the TPP binding site and characterized by its high hydrophobicity
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: زهرة محمود الخفاجي
اسم المؤلف: طارق طلال خلف

تاثير المستخلص المائي الخام لنبات الزنجبيل Roscoe officinale Zingiber على بعض الجوانب الدموية والتناسلية في الفئران الحوامل Effect of Crude Aqueous Extract of Zingiber Officinale Roscoe On Some Hematological And Reproductive Aspects In Pregnant Mice

المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة للتعرف على مدى تاثير المستخلص المائي الخام للزنجبيل Zingiber officinale Roscoe (الطازج، اوالجاف) على الفئران الحوامل المجرعة عن طريق الفم وبالتراكيز (284، 568، 1136، 1420 ملغم/ كغم) اثناء مراحل الحمل المختلفة (المبكرة والوسطية والمتاخرة | This study was designed to investigate the effect of the crude aqueous extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) (fresh or dry) on pregnant mice orally administered at doses (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) during different durations of pregnancy (early, intermediate, and final) for a period of 7 days for each duration. The study showed that there was no significant difference in the average weights of the animals at (P < 0.05) after treatment with (dry or fresh) extract at doses (284, 568, 1136 or 1420 mg/kg) comparing with the control group.The parameters of blood in the early duration of pregnancy showed a significant decrease in the average of hemoglobin (Hb) at (P < 0.05) after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract at the doses (568, 1136, 1420 mg/ kg), while the average of packed cell volume (PCV), demonstrated a significant decrease after treatment with fresh extract at doses (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg), and at (568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) after treatment with dry extract at (P < 0.05) : The average of red blood cells (R.B.C.) after treatment with (fresh or dry) ginger extract, at (P < 0.05) showed a significant decrease at doses (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg / kg), while the average mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and the average mean corpuscular volume (MCV) at (P < 0.05) revealed a significant increase and at doses (568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) after treatment with dry extract, at doses (1136, 1420 mg/kg) for the average of (MCH), at doses (568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) for the average (MCV) after treatment with fresh extract, while the average Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) did not show any significant difference at (P < 0.05) after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract comparing with the control group.The parameters of blood in the intermediate duration of pregnancy showed a significant decrease at (P < 0.05) in the average of (Hb), (PCV) and (R.B.C.) at doses (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) after treatment with fresh extract, while dry extract demonstrated a significant decrease in average of (Hb) and (PCV) at doses (568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg), and a significant decrease in the average of (R.B.C.) but at doses (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg), while the average of (MCH) and (MCV) showed a significant increase at (P < 0.05) and at doses (568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract, while the average of (MCHC) did not showed any significant difference at (P < 0.05) after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract comparing with the control group.The parameters of blood in the final duration of pregnancy revealed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the average of (Hb), (PCV) and (R.B.C.) at doses (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract, while (MCH) showed a significant increase at (P < 0.05) and at doses (568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract, (MCHC) did not demonstrated any significant difference at the level (P < 0.05) after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract at all doses, while (MCV) showed a significant increase at (P < 0.05) and at doses (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) after treatment with fresh extract, and at doses (568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) after treatment with dry extract comparing with the control group. The results showed a significant decrease at (P < 0.05) in the average of diameters of ovarian and corpus luteum after treatment with (fresh or dry) extracts in the early and final durations of pregnancy at doses (568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg), and in the intermediate duration after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract but at doses (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) comparing with group control.As for the concentration of the hormone estrogen (? - estradiol) didn’t demonstrated a significant difference at (P < 0.05) during different durations of pregnancy after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract at all doses, whereas progesterone showed a significant decreased at doses (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) in all durations after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract comparing with the control group. Using doses at (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) with (fresh or dry) extracts revealed a significant increase at (P < 0.05) in the average number of infected follicles in the all durations of pregnancy comparing with the control group. The results showed that there are no significant difference in the lengths of the embryos during intermediate and final durations at (P < 0.05) after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract at all doses comparing with the control group.There are also histopathological changes in the ovary, uterus and placenta included degeneration in ovarian follicles, necrosis, congestion, hemorrhage, edema, vasodilatation and rupture in blood vessels at different using doses.These findings indicated that the treatment with (dry and fresh) extract at doses (568, 1136 or 1420) mg/ kg harmful on pregnancy in different durations (early, intermediate, and final) , also the using of fresh ginger more harmful than dry ginger.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: محمد عبد الهادي غالي
اسم المؤلف: رغد خالد موفق مسلم

التاثيرات النسجية والدمية وبعض النواحي الوظيفية لعقار البيروكسيكام في ذكور الفئران البيض Mus musculus Histological And Hematological Effects And Some Physiological Aspects of Piroxicam In Male Albino Mice Mus Musculus

المستخلص: The current study aimed to detect the effect of Piroxicam in making behavioral, hematological and physiological changes in the kidneys of adult male albino mice Mus musculus, The present study also included measuring the diameters of glomeruli, proximal and distal convoluted tubules as well as the histopathological study.A total number of (128) adult male albino mice were utilized in this study, they were randomly distributed into four main groups, the first three groups were orally treated with concentration (50, 100, 150) mg/kg respectively, the forth group considered as control group were orally treated with (0.1) ml of distilled water for eight weeks, the samples were collected every two weeks for the histological study, blood samples were withdrawn for the hematological and physiological studies.The current study showed that there were behavioral changes observed on the experimental animals, represented by reluctance to food intake, lethargy, tremor, introversion, fast breathing, change in eye’s color and blackened feces, and the intensity of these symptoms increases with the increment of concentration and administration period.The statistical study results revealed that there was significant decrease at (P<0.05) in the mean numbers of red blood corpuscles, hemoglobin concentration and the percentage of packed cells volume in orally treated groups with (50, 100, 150) mg/kg for (6, 8) weeks of administration in comparison with control group, as for the white blood cells the statistical results for this study showed significant increase (P<0.05) in their mean number in treated groups with concentration (100, 150) mg/kg for (6, 8) weeks of administration compared to the control, whereas the groups treated with concentration of (50) mg/kg showed no significant changes along the administration period.Also all the concentrations showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the mean concentration of urea, creatinine and potassium ion in the blood serum of orally treated mice at the last weeks of administration in comparison with the control group.The statistical results of the present study also revealed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the mean diameters of renal glomeruli of the treated groups with concentration (50, 100, 150) mg/kg for eight weeks while there were non - significant differences in other periods, also there was non - significant decrease in the mean diameters of proximal convoluted tubules in the treated groups with concentration of (50, 100, 150) mg/kg in all periods except the period four weeks it showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the mean diameters of proximal convoluted tubules of the groups treated with the concentration (100, 150) mg/kg in comparison with control group. The statistical results also clarified that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the mean diameters of distal convoluted tubules of the treated groups with concentration (100, 150) mg/kg for six and eight weeks of administration, while the group treated with concentration (50) mg/kg had no significant differences over the whole administration period.The study also recorded the presence of histopathological symptoms in the kidneys of treated mice with the dose (50)mg/kg represented by hemorrhage, vascular congestion, calcium casts formation inside the lumens of renal tubules, while the groups treated with (100)mg/kg of the drug showed a fibrin deposition inside renal tubular lumens, infiltration of inflammatory cells, cytoplasmic vacuolation in the epithelial cells of the renal tubules, and sloughing epithelium of renal tubules, while in the medullary region, there were epithelial cells atrophy in the renal tubules. The histological examination of mice kidneys treated with (150) mg/kg showed the appearance of hyalinization, shrinkage and complete loss of glomeruli, Pyknosis of nucleus and fibrosis around the blood vessels as well as the presence of oedema which occupied a large area of the kidney tissue
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الانسجة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: انتظار محمد مناتي
اسم المؤلف: بشرى عمر احمد معروف

تقييم نوعية المياة الصناعية ووحدات المعالجة لمعمل النسيج القطني في الكاظمية Evaluation of The Industrial Wstewater And Treatment In Al - Kadhimia Cotton Weaving Industry

المستخلص: This study includes two axis, the first one determined the physical and chemical characteristics for several concentrations of industrial wastewater of cotton textile factory, that located in Al - Kadhmiya, which are disposable to the main assembly in the treatment unit (first unit) of the factory ; Also the final water quality was evaluated after the treatment in the fourth unite and compared with normal environmental averages (or compared with acceptable limits for discharged.The second axis of this study assessed the efficiency of the physical and chemical treatments in the third unit, and also the biological treatments in the fourth unit through detecting the removal percentage for each stage of the treatment to evaluated the treatment unit efficiency of this factory. Samples were collected from four treatment units for six month, single sample was collected per two weeks.The (local, field) tests were assessed for the collected samples including (Temperature, PH, DO and EC, while the laboratory tests included TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, oil and grease, So4 - 2 and heavy metals such as Pb, Zn and Cr).The results showed that the temperature values were with (normal range) acceptable limits (22.3C?) in the first unit and (19.8C?) in the fourth unit; PH values also were within normal limits in the almost treatment units (neutral), however, the electrical conductivity average was 3123?c/cm in the first unit, and 1101 ?c/cm in the fourth unit ; Moreover, the average values of COD were 580 mg/L in the first unit and 163 mg/L in the fourth unit. The removal percentage was 41% in the primary sedimentation in thesecond unit while it was 36% in the third unit for biological treatment.The BOD values were 487 and 302 mg /L in the first and fourth unit respectively ; the removal rates were 27% and 29% for primary sedimentation stage and biological treatment respectively and these rates are acceptable for normal limits.In general, the final treatment concentration was 302 mg/L in the fourth unit which is normal environmental rang, and also BOD concentration was not exceeded the environmental limits in the final stage of the treatment while the total percentage dissolved salts were 37% and 22% for the third unit which are normal in comparison to the Iraqi limits after the treatment for the fourth unit (703mg/L). Furthermore, the results of suspended solids found that the removal percentage was 76% for the second unit and 43%for the third unit while the total concentration of the last treatment was 61mg/L which is with normal limits, also the concentration of lipids of oils and grease was 0.8 mg/L for the fourth unit, while the removal percentage was efficient for the primary sedimentation and biological treatment. The heavy metals concentraitions were now with water and the main assembly tank and this was within normal environmental limits.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: سهير ازهر الكاظمي
اسم المؤلف: اسيل حسين محمد السعداوي

التحري عن طفرة JAK2V617F والمستويات المصلية لانزيمي الفوسفتيز القلوي واللاكتيت ديهايدروجنيز في مرضى ابيضاض الدم النخاعي المزمن Detection of Jak2V617F Mutation And Serum Levels of Alkaline Phosphatase And Lactate Dehydrogenase In Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

المستخلص: يعد مرض ابيضاض الدم النخاعي المزمن (CML) من الاورام النخاعية التكاثرية، وينشا نتيجة تكون جين Bcr - Abl (الذي يسمى كروموسوم فيلادلفيا) داخل الخلايا الجذعية المكونة للدم. يؤدي هذا الشذوذ الجيني الى تفعيل متواصل لانزيم التايروسين كاينيز وبالتالي نمو وتكاثر غ | Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm arises from Bcr - Abl gene translocation (called Ph chromosome) in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). This genetic abnormality results in constitutive activation of tyrosine kinase and subsequent uncontrol growth and multiplication of granulocytes. The cornerstone in treatment of CML are tyrosine kinase inhibitors, of which imatinib is the most effectively used. JAK2V617F mutation is an acquired single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) occurs in JAK2 gene and is associated with many hematological malignancy other than CML. It was thought that the two genetic abnormalities (Bcr - Abl and JAK2V617F) occur mutually; however, growing body of evidences suggested the reverse. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of JAK2V617F mutation associated with serum levels of alkaline phophatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in Ph+ CML Iraqi patients treated with imatinib. A total of 43 Ph+ CML patients (25 males and 18 females, age range 16 - 80 years) who attend Iraqi National Center of Hematology for Research and Treatment/Baghdad were enrolled in this study. Each patient has been received at least six month therapy with imatinib. A consent form involving age, gender, height, weight, smoking status, residency and first family relative history of leukemia was obtained from each patient. Besides, blood samples were collected, from which the granulocytes were separated and then DNA was extracted using a ready kit. Two assays were used for detection of JAK2V617F mutation; real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using specific primers and probe, and allele specific PCR (AS - PCR) using specific primers. Total white blood corpuscles (WBC) as well as serum levels of ALP and LDH were measured. qPCR assay revealed 5 patients out of 43 (11.62%) were heterozygous for the muatant allele of JAK2V617F mutation (genotype GT). The concentration of this allele ranged from 0.01% to 0.12%. None of blood sample gave positive result for AS - PCR assay. From the all risk factors, only gender had significant association with the incidence of JAK2V617F mutation. Average total WBC count, and serum levels of ALP and LDH were higher in JAK2V617F - positive patients (9042±1512.55, 146.05±8.028 IU/L and 204±10.85 IU/L respectively) than that of JAK2V617F - negative patients (6039±1772.239, 64.45±40.15 IU/L and 178.33±13.693 IU/L respectively) with significant differences. These results indicate that JAK2V617F mutation can occur simultaneously with Ph chromosome in CML patients, and qPCR is a highly sensitive method for the detection of this mutation. Furthermore, serum activity of ALP can be used as an indicator for the presence of JAK2V617F mutation in CML patients.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - معهد الهندسة الوراثية والتقنيات الاحيائية - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عصام فاضل علوان الجمیلي
اسم المؤلف: استبرق اكرم بيرام الحسيني

الدور الوقائي لبكتريا البفديس ضد خمج الفئران ببكتريا الاشيريكيا القولونية المنتجة لذيفان الشيكا The Protective Role of Probiotic Bifidobacterium Against Mice Infection With Shiga Toxin Producing E.Coli O157 : H7

المستخلص: Six Bifidobacterum isolates were isolated from fully breast - fed healthy infant faeces on reduced de Man Rogosa and sharp medium (MRS - C). Isolates identified on the basis of, colonial and microscopical properties, biochemical tests, and fructose - 6 - phosphate phosphoketolase enzyme (F6PPK) activity assay in cellular extracts. Carbohydrates fermentation profile used for identification of isolates to species level. All bacterial isolates diagnosed as Bifidobacterium genus where in this study B. adolescntis was the predominant species (50%), (B4, B5 and B6), followed by B. breve (B3), B. longum (B1) and B. dentium (B2) each one represent 16.67%.Bifidobacterium isolates were screened for their antagonistic effects against test organism, clinical isolate of shiga toxin producing E.coli O157 : H7 (STEC), using agar - well diffusion method. The isolates B3 and B6 showed clear inhibitory actions, 22 mm and 15 mm diameter of inhibitions zones, respectively. The rest of the tested isolates did not pronounce any inhibitory activity.B. breve in vivo antagonistic behavior and the possible protective effects against STEC was evaluated, using streptomycin treated murine model. Murine intestines was stably colonized orally with B. breve for 14 days, in conjunction mice were challenged orally with STEC, 103 CFU / mouse / day on day 8 of experiment. Bacterteriological analysis of mice faeces at time intervals, was indicated high levels of bacterial colonization were achieved in intestine by B. breve and STEC.Colonization of mice intestine by B. Breve did not inhibited STEC cells from proliferation during infection phase. Hence, the excretion level of STEC in faeces reached to 2.4 x 10 6 CFU/ g of faeces.STEC infected mice showed no severe clinical signs, characterized by hairloss, lethargy, paralysis of fore limbs, and shed of loose faeces. In the B. breve - colonized group, the mentioned clinical signs were almost completely inhibited, except the lethargic of some animals.Immunological studies showed an increase in the levels of sIgA by 2.7 - fold from that of blood IgA in B. breve - colonized mice while, reversed values were recorded in mice infected with STEC, blood IgA level was 1.95 - fold higher than that of sIgA.Histological changes in spleen, liver, kidney, and intestine tissues of mice were studied. The histological sections clarified the protective roles of B.breve, where no effective histological disorders were appeared in B.breve and STEC - colonized mice. In the STEC - infected mice, the pathological abnormalities within the kidney was the predominant, diagnozed as ulcers in the lining membranes, glomerular and tubular epithelium necrosis, without evidence of glomerular thrombi, mild damages was appeared in liver and spleen, and characteristic attaching and effacing (A / E) lesions appeared in the large intestine sections
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: شادان عباس الوانداوي
اسم المؤلف: سمر مصطفى محمد

الاصابة ببكتريا Helicobacter pylori وعلاقتها بمرض تصلب الشرايين القلبية Correlation Between Helicobacter Pylori Infection And Atherosclerotic Heart Disease

المستخلص: مرض قصور الشرايين التاجية هو النتيجة النهائية لتراكم اللويحات العصيدية ضمن جدران الشرايين التاجية مسببة نقص الاوكسجين وبالتالي حدوث مرض القلب الاقفاري. ويعتبر من الامراض الشائعة واحد الاسباب الرئيسية لحالات الوفاة في العالم. اضافة الى عوامل الخطورة التقلي | Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the end result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaque within the walls of the coronary arteries resulting in shortage of oxygen supply and ischemic heart disease (IHD). It was consider as one of the most common diseases and major causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality. In addition to traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, nowadays, accumulating evidence indicates that a variety of infectious agents may contribute to pathogenesis of CAD. The present study evaluated the anti - Helicobacter pylori IgG and IgA and the role of virulence factor of H. pylori cytotoxin associated gene (Cag A) and vacuolating associated cytotoxin (Vac A) as a risk factors for CAD.Eighty patients were divided into 2 groups : first group was 70 patients with CAD, the other group contained 10 patients with another coronary artery disease; they were admitted to Ibn Al - Bitar Specialist Center for Cardiac Surgery in Baghdad between October 2013 and January 2014. Ten individuals used as a healthy control group. All blood samples were tested biochemically such as glucose test, urea test, creatinine test and lipid profile test(cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL) and all of them showed normal results. The present study revealed that males were affected more than females (3 : 1); with no relation between their ages and bacterial infection.Serum IgG and IgA was Estimated by indirect immunofluorescent (IIF) whereas Cag A, Vac A and high sensitive C - reactive protein (hs - CRP) measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared to control group results.The incidence of the anti - H.pylori IgG was highly significantly prevalent in CAD patients 78.57% (55/70), than in control group 0% (0/10), also a high significant difference in another CAD patient group 100%(10/10) as compared to control group 0% (0/10) (P? 0.01).Similarly anti - H. pylori IgA in CAD patients and another CAD patient groups showed highly significant increase when compared to control group 37.14% (26/70), 30% (3/10) and 0% (0/10) respectively (P? 0.01).The incidence of the CagA - positivity was significantly prevalent in mean value (2.74±0.19) in patients with CAD and another CAD patient group(2.72±0.31) than in control group (1.64± 0.16) (P? 0.05). Same result was observed with Vac A antigen; mean value of patient group showed significant increase (1.299 ± 0.04) when compared to controls group (1.41±0.13) (P? 0.05). Also significant increase found between another CAD patient group(1.79±0.17) and control group (1.41±0.13) (P? 0.05). Furthermore; the present study revealed significant differences of concentration levels between hs - CRP in CAD patient group (4.95 ± 0.38 µg/ml) as compared to control group (0.77 ± 0.06 µg/ml), as well as a significant differences found between another CAD patient group (3.96 ± 0.96 µg/ml) as compared to control group (0.77 ± 0.06 µg/ml) (P? 0.05).
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - البكتريا
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: مي خليل اسماعيل
اسم المؤلف: رواء سعدي سلمان

التاثيرات السمية لجسيمات الفضة النانوية على بعض الاعضاء لاناث طائر السمان Coturnix coturnix : دراسة نسجية وكيموحيوية Toxic Effects of Nanosilver Particles On Some Organs of Female Quail (Coturnix Coturnix); Histological And Biochemical Study

المستخلص: تضمنت هذه الدراسة التعرف على تاثير جسيمات الفضة النانوية في نسجية كل من الكبد والطحال والكلى فضلا عن تاثيرها في وظائف الكبد والكلى من خلال قياس بعض انزيمات الكبد المتضمنة (AST & ALT) وقياس مستوى اليوريا والكرياتنين (Urea & (Creatinine, فضلا عن تاثيرها في | This study was included to identify the effect of silver nanoparticles on histology of the liver, spleen and kidney, as well as it's effect on functions of the liver and kidneys through the measurementof some liver enzymes included (AST and ALT) and measurement of urea and creatinine levels, as well as the effect of silver nanoparticles in the weight of studied samples, numbers and sizes of the eggs were produced through the exposure periods.(45) quail (females) were collected from agricultured research center in Abu - Ghraib, divided into (4) groups including : T1 (12 quails were exposed to 4ppm), T2 (12 quails were exposed to 8ppm) and T3 (12 quails were exposed to 12 ppm) of nanosilver particles solution for (60) days.As well as control group T4(9 birds were exposed to distilled water).After the end of the exposure period samples were sacrificed by discapitation of the neck, and blood was collected for the purpose of serum separation which required for biochemical study, samples were dissected and fixated with Bouin's fluid, histological slides were prepared and stained with Eosin - Hematoxylin.Biochemical study were showed significant decrease in the level of liver's enzymes (AST & ALT), urea and creatinine. This decrease was elevated when the concentration was increased, as well as significant decrease in each of sizes and numbers of the eggs were produced through exposure periods and non - significant decrease in the body weight.Exposed groups with silver nanoparticles showed histopathological alterations for each of liver, spleen and kidney, in liver included congestion of blood vessels, infiltration of inflammatory cells, exudate, appearing of concilman bodies, fatty degeneration in most of hepatocytes which progressed to fatty changes in most of samples were exposed with 12ppm, Hyperplasia for each of blood vessel walls and capsule, atrophy of hepatocytes, and appearing of giant cells, while kidney sufferd from hydropic degeneration in most of renal tubules hemorrhage for each of cortex, medulla and glomerulus, hyaline degeneration of tubules, amyloid precipitation for each of glomerulus and blood vessels, sloughing of epithelial cells of renal tubules from basement membrane, hypertrophy of renal tubules with hyperplasia for cells of tubules and atrophy of renal tubules.Spleen tissue showed decreased in sheets of white pulp and lymphocyte numbers red pulp cells. Severity of these effects varied depending on individual differences between samples and concentration of silver nanoparticles, which increase in samples were exposed with highest concentration.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: غزوة درويش النقيب
اسم المؤلف: عبير ساجد عبد علي

دراسة تصنيفية لعويلة الخنافس البرغوثية Alticinaeمن عائلة Chrysomelidae ورتبة غمدية الاجنحة Coleoptera في بعض محافظات العراق Taxonomic Study On The Flea Beetles (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae : Alticinae) In Some Provinces of Iraq

المستخلص: تناول البحث لهذه الرسالة دراسة تصنيفية لعويلة الخنافس البرغوثية Alticinae في بعض محافظات العراق، علما ان هذه العويلة لم تدرس تصنيفيا في العراق.اختير النموذج Longitarsus ballotae Marsham. لتجسيد صفات العويلة. ولقد درست الاجزاء الرئيسة للجسم وهي الراس والص | The Subject of thesis is a taxonomic study of Subfamily Alticinae in some provinces of Iraq. Knowing that this Subfamily has not been studied taxonomically in Iraq.Was chosen as the model for Longitarsus ballotae Marsham. To embody the gualities of the Subfamily. The detailed study of the head, thorax, abdomen and their appendages was made to evaluate the reliability of the external characters in classifying the species of the Subfamily.There are eight genera and thirteen species for these Subfamily The species are : - Altica deserticola Weise.Aphthona fuentei Reitter.Aphthona sp. Chaetocnema montenegrina Heikertinger.Chaetocnema persica Baly. Epitrix atropae Foudras.Hermaeophaga ruficollis Lucas.Longitarsus ballotae Marsham.Longitarsus membranaceus Foudras.Longitarsus reichei Allard. Longitarsus succineus Foudras.Phyllotreta nemorum Linnaeus.Podagrica fuscicornis Linnaeus.6 Species Register in Iraq are : - Chaetocnema montenegrina Heikertinger.Epitrix atropae Foudras. Longitarsus succineus Foudras.Longitaarsus membranaceus Foudras.Podagrica fuscicornis Linnaeus.Two species Taxonomic keys were designed and developed to is olate the genera of Subfamily Alticinae, sa wellas the genera mentioned and studied in this thesis for each species.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية الاساسية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: سعدون ابراهيم اسماعيل
اسم المؤلف: رغد عـبيد خضير

عزل وتشخيص بكتريا Streptococcus spp المسببة لالتهاب اللوزتين من الاطفال وتاثير بعض عزلات بكتريا حامض اللبنيك عليها Isolation And Identification of Streptococcus Spp Caused Tonsillitis From Children And The Effect of Some Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lab) Strains On It

المستخلص: بحثت الدراسة جمع 100 مسحة من اطفال مصابين بالتهاب اللوزتين الحاد والمزمن ممن راجعوا استشارية الانف والاذن والحنجرة في مستشفى اليرموك التعليمي للمدة مابين كانون الاول للعام 2013 ولغاية اذار للعام 2014. وكانت نتيجة الزرع المختبري موجبة في 67 مسحة منها وبالا | In this study 100 swabs were collected from infected children with acute and chronic tonsillitis who attended at Al - Yarmook Teaching Hospital (Eear Nose Tonsils consultation clinic) from December 2013 until March 2014. The result of laboratory culture were positive in 67 samples. Depending on their cultural, morphological and biochemical characterization of bacterial isolates : (37.31%) of them were identified as Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria and the diagnosis is confirmed by the use of Remel Rapid STR System. Whereas (34.33%) belong to S.parasanguinis, (11.94%) S.mitis, (11.94%) S.oralis and (4.48%) S.thoraltensis were identification of them are confirmed by using Vitek - 2 System also. As well as Sensitivity test for S.pyogenes cultures for some of the antibiotics done and the results revealed that all cultures were sensitive to tetracycline and chloramphenicol drugs 100%, while it was different in their sensitivity for other drugs. According to age (2 - 13) years revealed the highest percentage of infection for both male and female, however the percentage of acute and chronic tonsillitis was higher in males than females. In this study, during investigation of the antagonist action of lactic acid bacterial isolates against these pathogenic bacteria, results revealed that the method of L.acidophilus discs gave a high inhibition zones with a diameter of 11.3 mm, while L.fermentum discs yielded a high inhibition zones with a diameter of 7 mm 24 hrs following incubation in comparison with well diffusion method by using suspension of L.acidophilus produced a high inhibition zones with a diameter 7.25 mm 48 hrs after incubation. L.fermentum suspension produced a high inhibition zones with 10 mm diameter 24 hrs following incubation. Also the study included measurement of the inhibition activity for bacteriocins produced by L.acidophilus bacteria against the pathogenic bacteria S.pyogenes on nutrient agar by well diffusion method in which results revealed stability of the bacteriocins effects under different PH (4, 5, 6) with percent (100, 60, 50)% respectively for 24 hrs at higher stability and the highest stability of bacteriocins during PH was 4 with percent 100%, while it lost a lot of its activity with acidic PH less than 2 and basal pH more than 8. During the study the effect of Nacl, Kcl and MgSo4 with different concentrations (1 - 5%) with constant inhibitory effect for bacteriocins produced by L.acidophilus against pathogenic S.pyogenes, The result revealed that Nacl had little effect in inhibition zone with 1&2% concentrations. The salt MgSo4 and Kcl showed reduction in the inhibitory activity with 1, 2, 3% concentration, however the higher concentration of salt caused great reduction as 5% concentration led to loss of inhibitory activity for bacteriocins completely.Also this study showed light on the inhibitory effect of probiotics suspensions against the adhesion property of S.pyogenes after treated with L.acidophilus and L.fermentum.where the Result shown that L.acidophilus inhibit the adhesion of S.pyogenes with percent 68.92% either L.fermentum inhibit the adhesion of this pathogenic bacteria to epithelial cell with percent 30.28%. The study is consisted of showed the inhibitory action for suspensions of L.acidophilus and L.fermentum on biofilm formation by S.pyogenes, it was noticed the action of L.acidophilus in the side more than from the action of L.fermentum. During the study of the effect of suspension and filter of L.acidophilus and L.fermentum on the production of Hemolysin enzyme by S.pyogenes, it was noticed that the ability of suspension belong to L.acidophilus and L.fermentum to reduce the diameter of hemolysis zone which was beta type more than the ability of filter L.acidophilus and L.fermentum to reduce of the hemolysis zone which was beta type.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: ندى صباح رزوقي
اسم المؤلف: رند ثائر عبد اللطيف

توصيف العاثيات الحالة للمكورات العنقودية الجلدية (S. epidermidis) Characterization of Lytic Phage Against Staphylococcus Epidermidis

المستخلص: لحصول على عزلات Staph. epidermidisتم جمع (160 عينة) من حالات سريرية مختلفة كالتهاب المجاري البولية, التهابات جلدية, البلعوم, الانف, والاذن. تم الحصول على 51 (875¸31?) عزلة للمكورات العنقودية الجلدية Staph. epidermidis خلال فترة امتدت من ايلول 2014 الى كان | In order to isolate Staph. epidermidis, 160 clinical specimens were collected from (urinary tract infection, skin infection, pharynx, nose, and ear). Only 51(31.875 %) Staph. epidermidis isolates were obtained during a period from September 2014 to January 2015, depending on some biochemical tests and VITEK2 system. The Staph. epidermidis was given (gram stain, catalase , urase) positive, (coagulase, manital fermentation, oxidase, motility) negative, non haemolytic to human blood with some exception, most of the strain were able to produce biofilm, and (100%), (64.70%), (74.50%) resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin, and amoxicillin respectively. The Staphylococcus species identified during study were 44 (27.5%) isolates of Staph. aureus, 5 (3.125 %) Staph. haemolyticus, 4 (2.5 %) Staph. saprophyticus, 8 (4%) isolates other Staphylococcus spp. such as Staph. hominis ssp. hominis, Staph. capatis, Staph. xylose, Staph. simulanus, Staph. lentus, and 48 (30 %) from unknown genera. To isolate bacterioghages from sewage water, several sewage water samples were assayed using plaque assay of double agar overlay as a source of Staph. epidermidis phages. The bacteriophages were described depending on plaques size and shapes, phage 1 was the most predominant and frequent in the bacterial lawn and able to infect other S. species such as S. aureus. It has been selected to study it is titer, latent, rise period, and burst size were calculated. The effect of temperature, pH , and NaCl ions on it is original titer were studied.The results revealed a gradual decreasing in the phage titer with increasing dilution number. Latent period extended to (30 minutes) , while rise period was started with (40 minutes) extending to (60 minutes) , burst size was 2.346. Each temperature at several incubation periods , pH , and NaCl ions was significantly varied depending on phage titer. The optimum temperature was 40 ° C, while the 80 ° C was represented the inhibitor temperature. L.S.D. at level (0.05) for interaction was 39.552. The pH 6.5 - 7.5 represented the optimal pH for the best phage activity while the phage titer beginning to declining in above and below this range of optimal pH, L.S.D. at level 0.05 was 17.898 , the optimum NaCl ions concentrations were (0.1 M and 0.25 M), while the titer was significantly decreased with increasing the NaCl ion concentration in the culture solution, the L.S.D. at level 0.05 was (10.696). In conclusion of this study found that Phage1 was considered as predominant phage because of their ability to infect other Staphylococci species such as Staph. aureus.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: غانم عبود جابر المولى
اسم المؤلف: ريام سليم هندي الزيادي

دراسة تصنيفية لبعض مراتب الجنس Ranunculus L. (Ranunculaceae في العراق A Taxonomic Study of Some Taxa of The Genus Ranunculus L. (Ranunculaceae) In Iraq

المستخلص: “The current research dealed with fourteen taxa belonging to the genus Ranunculus L., Family Ranunculaceae that grown in Iraq. The study included the gross general morphological and micromorphological characters, the Pollen grains also were studied and the chemical compounds (Flavonoids), Ecological and geographical distribution and taxonomic treatment have been done. Also botanical key was puted to separate the Taxa”.“General survey for the Phytogeographical districts where the taxa spread in, and the result was a large crowds of samples, and new locations of taxa distribution were recorded. The specimens in the Iraqi herbaria were studied after ensuring that it was correctly identified”. “Comparative morphological study was undertaken to all plants parts of taxa including the roots, leaves, stipules, flowering parts and fruiting parts. Charts, diagrams, tables were drawn and accompanying with natural images for different morphological characteristics, as well as the field images that are important for the study. This study showed that all the taxa of the genus were herbs that are annual or perennial. There was agreat important for the roots, stems and there Indumentum, the presence orabsence of stipules, shape and size and margin of basal leaves and cauline leaves and leafy bract, the shape of sepals and their numbers and their Indumentum, the numbers and shape of Petals and their colors, the number of Stamens and the colors of Anthers, the shape of ovary and their indumentum, presence or absence of style as it was very useful for the taxonomic identification and separation of the studied taxa. As well as the fruiting parts including the length of fruiting peduncle, the fruiting receptacle, the fruiting head and its shapes and their dimensions, the number of Achene Fruitlets and their sizes, colors and Beak shape. Also the surface configuration of the fruitlets Surface has been studied by (SEM) as it wae either hairy or tuberculate - hairy or Transversely rugose or muricate or reticulate or reticulate - minutly rugose or granular or granular - hairy or granular - hairy tuberculate or spinulose”.“The study of the micro - morphological characters of hairs, leaves epidermal cells and the stomatal complex, have a taxonomic importance of supporting the morphological characters in separation and identification of the genus taxa”.“The study show that the pollen grains have a taxonomic importance because of their difference in shape, dimensions, the wall thickness and their ornamentation. It was either apolar which was spheroidal and pantoporate, or isopolar which has different shapes in the equatorial view it was spheroidal, subprolate and oblate - spheroidal, it was either 3 - colpate, 4 - colpate or 5 - colpat.the colpate where either zonocolpate or syncolpate in the form of parasyncolpate. The ornamentation were verucate, echinateand scabrate”. “The chemical study also has an importance in separation of the genus taxa, six flavonoid compounds were diagnosed by using” HPLC wich are Kaempferol, Vitexin, Orientin, Quercetin, Iso - vitexin and Iso - orientin. According to the presence or absence of those structures cluster analysis where done for the results of the flavonoid compounds and the taxa where divided into groups that reveal the chemical relationships between them.dendogram where performed which also show the chemical relationships between the taxa by using UPGMA method and NTSYS program issue 21. the study shows that the presence and distribution of those compounds vary according to the variation in the plant distribution the study shows that some of the taxa have “the same compounds which enhance its belonging to the Ranunculus genus”. “Through field surveys and information installed on the herbarium samples, the taxa where distributed on their growth areas, and maps have been drawn for taxa distribution in the Iraqi natural geographical. Most of the taxa were distributed in N. and N.E of Iraq regions districts especially in MAM, MSU, MRO, and FBF districts. We notice that MSU district has a great number of the plants under the study as we found there are all the taxa accept one”. This study helps to detect distribution areas for some taxa that have been not mentioned in the Iraqi flora or other records which are R.kotschyi and R.trichophyllus var.trichophyllus. Also the study records distribution for the new species R.chius in MAM district which hasn't been mentioned in the Iraqi flora in this district before. Finally all the taxa were classified and the botanical key was done to separate them.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: مازن نواف عبود العاني
اسم المؤلف: علي طالب محمد الطائي

تاثير الادينوسين ثلاثي الفوسفات على اخصاب وتطور الاجنة الاولي خارج الجسم الحي في الفئران كنموذج للجنس البشري Effect of Adenosine Triphosphate On In Vitro Fertilization And Early Embryonic Development In Mice As A Model For Human Being

المستخلص: يعد الاخصاب خارج الجسم الحي (IVF) من احد اهم التقنيات المستخدمة لانتاج اعداد كبيرة من الاجنة لبحوث التطور الاساسيه والبيولوجيا الجزيئية لنضوج البويضات المختبري والاخصاب. يعتمد الاخصاب خارج الجسم الحي وظروف حفظ الجنين المثلى على مكونات الوسط الزرعي كونها ا | In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the most important techniques used to produce large numbers of embryos for research into the basic development and molecular biology of in vitro oocytes maturation and fertilization. Optimal IVF and embryo culture conditions depend on the composition of culture media being the most important determinants of success in vitro interaction of the gametes and subsequent embryo development. Adenosine 5 - triphosphate (ATP) is a fundamental factor to maintain life, by providing energy, and controlling the cell function and metabolism. Objectives : The present study aims to investigate the effect of ATP supplied to SMART medium on a rate of fertilization and early embryonic development (ED) in mice as a model for human beings.Materials and Methods : The female mice (90) were superovulated using superovulation program to produce a large number of oocytes. These were divided into three groups, the first group was inseminated with vassal sperm in vitro alone (control); the seconed group (G2) was inseminated with vassal sperm in vitro using SMART medium enriched with low concentration of ATP(1.25mM). The third group (G3) was inseminated with vassal sperm in vitro using SMART medium enriched with high concentration of ATP (2.5mM). Mouse spermatozoa were collected from both vasdeferens. Then sperm parameters were assessed after 30 min. IVF technique was performed for 3 groups, and assessed after 20 - 22h. Then, percentages of early embryonic development stages and abnormal embryos morphology (%) for each embryo stage were assessed.Results : Results of the present study revealed significant increment (P<0.05) in the in - vitro fertilization (%) when using 1.25mM ATP as compared to 2.5 mM ATP and the control group. Significant differences (P<0.05) in the 1 - cell stage were assessed in 2.5mM compared with 1.25mM groups and the control group. Also, Significant differences (P<0.05) in the 2 - cell and 4 - cell stage were assessed in 1.25mM ATP compared with other groups. However, non significant differences in the percentages of abnormal embryos morphology were reported between both treated groups of ATP.Conclusion : From the results of present study it was concluded that the low ATP concentration (1.25mM) enriched to the culture medium improved the percentage of in vitro fertilization and early embryonic development.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - المعهد العالي لتشخيص العقم والتقنيات المساعدة على الانجاب
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الاجنة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: محمد باقر محمد رشاد فخر الدين نوال خيري العاني
اسم المؤلف: مهند علي مشكور

تقييم التعبير الجيني للجينات CK19, MGB, MUC1 microRNA - 195 and microRNA - let 7a في نساء عراقيات مصابات بسرطان الثدي Evaluation of MGB1, CK19, MUC1, microRNA - 195 and microRNA - let - 7a Expression In Iraqi Women With Breast Cancer

المستخلص: The present study aimed to shed light on the identification a panel of genes with distinct expression patterns in breast cancer patients as a useful tool for breast cancer early detection and progression. The present study designed to investigate the levels of genes expression of five genes panel (MGB1, CK19, MUC1, miR - let7a, and miR - 195) in circulating free mRNA and miRNA from blood of breast cancer patients versus noncancerous samples (benign tumor and healthy controls) to establish a biomarker panel potentially useful for early detection and progression of disease. The expression patterns of the identified genes were then compared with certain clinical features (age, lymph node status, and tumour size).Blood samples from 55 patients with different stages of newly diagnosed invasive ductal carcinoma were provided by certain Iraqi hospitals. Two control groups were used in this study; 10 samples of patients with benign breast tumors, and 20 samples from healthy donors. The samples preservation with TRIzol was done. Samples subjected to total RNA extraction, and then molecular study by using reverse transcription and real time PCR at Molecular Oncology Unit in Guy´s Hospital - Kings College / London.The study reached the following results : 1. The patients’ age range was 24 - 70 years and the median was 49 years with high frequency of patients in the range of 40 - 59 years. According to the family history, 50(90.91%) of patients were have negative family history. According to the clincopathological features (lymph node status and tumor size) the percentages of patients with multiple lymph nodes and tumor size 2.0 - 2.9 cm were the highest groups, which showed statistically highsignificant differences.2. For MGB1 gene expression, the result showed that 30(54.5%) patients were MGB1 - positive while 25(45.4%) patients were MGB1 - negative.According to malignancy status the percentage of patients with high level of MGB1 gene expression 22(40%) was significantly high. In correlation with age groups there was statistically no significant differences in the levels of gene expression with age. In correlation with clincopathological features, lymph node status showed that the highest percentage of MGB1 positive patients 18(66%) were multiple for lymph node status, and the tumor size results showed that there was decreasing in the MGB1 geneexpression with increasing of tumor size. 3. For CK19 the results of present study showed that 41(74.54%) patients were CK19 - positive, while 14(25.46%) patients were CK19 - negative.According to malignancy status the percentage of patients with high level of CK19 gene expression 30(54.45%) was significantly higher in compare with benign tumor patients and healthy controls. In correlation with age groups there was statistically no significant differences in the levels of gene expression with age. In correlation to the clincopathological features, lymph node status results showed that the highest percentage of CK19 positive patients 24(88.89%) were multiple for lymph node status, and there was increasing in the CK19 gene expression with increasing of tumor size.4. Mucin 1 (MUC1) gene expression results showed that the percentage of MUC1 - positive breast cancer patients 72.73%(n=40) was significantly higher when compared with benign tumor patients and healthy controls. According to the age groups the results showed no significant correlation with patients age groups. The clincopathological features results showed that the highest percentage of MUC1 positive patients 84.21%(n=16) have few lymph node status, and there was statistically significant association between the increasing of MUC1 gene expression and tumor size. 5. The miR - 195 gene expression results showed that the percentage of patients with positive miR - 195 gene expression 83.64%(n=46) was significantly higher than patients with negative miR - 195 expression 16.36%, the study also showed that the percentage of high miR - 195 expression samples 69.09% (n = 38) was significantly higher in compare with benign tumor patients and healthy controls. According to the clincopathological features, patients with multiple and few lymph node metastasis were found to have significantly the highest percentages of miR - 195 expression, while the tumor size results showed that there was increasing in the miR - 195 gene expression with increasing of tumor size. 6. The percentage of miR - let 7a - positive breast cancer patients 81.82% was significantly higher, when compared with miR - let 7a - negative patients 18.18%. In correlation to the clincopathological features, results showed no significant correlation in miR - let7a gene expression levels with patients age groups, for lymph node status, the results showed that the highest percentages of let 7a positive patients were those with multiple lymph node and few lymph node metastasis. The tumor size results showed that there was increasing in miR - let 7a gene expression with increasing of tumor size.7. According to genes combinations, three genes combination (CK19, miR - 195 and miR - let 7a) was significantly positively expressed with percentage of 60%(33/55), which reflect their potential diagnostic and prognostic value.8. The study concluded that the three genes combination (CK19, miR - 195 and miR - let 7a) may have potential applications as a diagnostic and prognostic markers for breast cancer.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - معهد الهندسة الوراثية والتقنيات الاحيائية - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عبد الحسين مويت الفيصل
اسم المؤلف: جودت نوري غائب

تاثير بعض المستخلصات النباتية في معايير بيولوجية مختلفة للفئران Effect of Some Plant Extracts On Different Biological Parameters On Mice

المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية للتحري عن المركبات النشطة الموجودة في المستخلص الخام المائي والميثانولي لاوراق الاس والنعناع والريحان ودراسة تاثيرها على فعالية انزيم الاسيتل كولين استريز ومستوى الدهون ومستوى السكر ومستوى انزيمات الكبد(ALP وSGPT وSGOT) ومستوى الانتر | The present study was conducted to investigate the active constituents found in aqueous and methanolic crude leaf extracts of Myrtus communis, Mentha piperita and Ocimum basilicum, and studies it effect on the acetylcholinesterase activity, levels of lipids, level of glucose, level of liver enzymes (ALP, SGPT and SGOT) and level of Interleukins (IL - 2, IL - 4, IL - 6 and IL - 10) in laboratory mice (in vivo). The results of the phytochemical analysis of the crude aqueous and methanolic extracts of Myrtus communis, Mentha piperita and Ocimum basilicum contain active compounds : Phenols, Flavonoids and Tannins and missing of Steroids and Coumarines in all extract but Saponins and Alkaloids found in alcoholic extract only, while terpens were present in Mentha piperita and Ocimum basilicum and absent in Myrtus communis. The results of administrating animals with different extracts showed no significant difference on blood Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) compared with ethanol liquid diet, while the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of M. communis, M. piperita and O. basilicum in the serum of decreased Acetylcholinesterase level significantly(p?0.05), liver and brain [(1.25 ?pH/30 min, 1.23 ?pH/30 min, 1.28 ?pH/30 min, 1.20 ?pH/30 min, 1.26 ?pH/30 min, 1.28 ?pH/30 min), (0.35 ?pH/30 min, 0.34 ?pH/30 min, 0.34?pH/30 min, 0.36?pH/30 min, 0.42?pH/30 min, 0.39?pH/30 min), (0.32?pH/30 min, 0.37?pH/30 min, 0.39?pH/30 min, 0.36?pH/30 min, 0.34?pH/30 min, 0.37?pH/30 min)] respectively compared with animals fed on ethanol liquid diet [(1.37 ?pH/30 min), (0.47 ?pH/30 min), (0.45 ?pH/30 min)] respectively. The methanolic and aqueous extracts of M. communis, M. piperita and O. basilicum reported a significant decrease in level of the total cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) [(181mg/dl, 186mg/dl, 175mg/dl, 172mg/dl, 181mg/dl, 184mg/dl), (118mg/dl, 121mg/dl, 114mg/dl, 109mg/dl, 118mg/dl and 120mg/dl)] respectively, when compared with animals fed on ethanol liquid diet [(195 mg/dl), (132mg/dl) ] respectively while no effect was reported on High Density lipoprotein. The level of triglyceride reduced after the treatment with ethanol liquid diet, and then the level increased after the treatment with M. communis and O. basilicum extracts. The methanolic and aqueous extracts of M. communis, M. piperita and O. basilicum have led to a reduction in the level of glucose in the serum which increased after the treatment with ethanol liquid diet. Methanolic and aqueous extracts decreased the liver enzymes (ALP, SGPT and SGOT) significantly to the normal level (18, 17, 21, 18, 20 and 21) KAU, (19, 19, 16, 13, 17, 17) IU/L and (21, 24, 17, 15, 17 and 19) IU/L respectively after the increase by the treatment with ethanol liquid diet (24) KAU, (26) IU/L, (28) IU/L as compared to control (20) KAU, (12.2) IU/L, (13.5) IU/L, respectively. The level of Interleukin - 2 and Interleukin - 4 in the serum significantly increased in the treatment of alcoholic and aqueous extract of M. communis, M. piperita and O. basilicum [(18 pg /ml, 17 pg /ml, 20 pg /ml, 18 pg /ml, 20 pg /ml, 20 pg /ml), (100 pg/ml, 110 pg/ml, 119 pg/ml, 108 pg/ml, 90 pg/ml, 92pg/ml)] in comparison with ethanol liquid diet treatment [(14 pg /ml), (77 pg/ml)] respectively. While the level of Interleukin - 6 and Interleukin - 10 increased significantly in the serum, when animals were fed with ethanol liquid diet [(259pg/ml) and (501pg/ml)] respectively, and then decreased significantly after the treatment of methanolic, aqueous extract of M. communis, M. piperita and O. basilicum reported [(198 pg/ml, 202pg/ml, 202pg/ml, 201pg/ml, 214pg/ml, 217pg/ml), (370 pg/ml, 385pg/ml, 200pg/ml, 280pg/ml, 350pg/ml and 350pg/ml)] respectively.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: مؤيد صبري شوكت
اسم المؤلف: عقيل حيدر عطا الله

التاثيرات المعدلة - مناعيا للمعززات الحيويه ضد بكتريا Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium المعزولة من حالات الاسهال لدى الاطفال في ذكور الفار الابيض Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics On Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolated From Diarrheal Children In Albino Male Mice

المستخلص: This study aimed to determine the frequency of Salmonella Typhimurium and its multi - drug resistance (MDR) status as a diarrheal causative pathogen in children younger than five years old, as well as to investigate the role of four probiotic microorganisms(L.acidophillus, L.casei, S.cerevisiae, S.boulardi) in controlling such infection.For this purpose, 128 stool samples of patients (76 males and 52 females) was included in this study. They were children suffering from diarrhea and fever who admitted to the “Central Pediatric Hospital” in Baghdad during the period from April to September, 2012. Their ages ranged from six days up to five years.The immunological effects of probiotics and MDR S. Typhimurium isolate in the experimentally infected and probiotic - treated mice were investigated via assessing the level of ten cytokines (IFN - ?, IL - 1?, IL - 4, IL - 10, IL - 12, IL - 17A, IL - 21, GM - CSF, RANTES and IP - 10) in the lavage of small intestine. Accordingly, five groups of mice were used in the in vivo part of this study; Mice in group I received probiotic for 7 successive days, challenged with S. Typhimurium on day 8, and dissected on days 14 and 21. Group II wassimilarly treated, but the probiotic was continued for 14 days. Group III was given the probiotic only, and group IV was challenged with S. Typhimurium, while group V was the control.Results obtained in this study could be summarized as follows : 1. Out of 128 stool samples, S. Typhimurium was isolated and identified in 9 samples only (7.03%). All isolates were totally resistant to nalidixic acid, with the exception of one isolate which showed intermediate sensitivity.Furthermore, only one of these isolates (symbolized B) was found to be resistant to three antibiotics (ampicillin, amoxicillin and nalidixic acid).Therefore, this isolate was considered as an MDR isolate and selected for further experiments in the study.2. When the susceptibility of MDR S. Typhimurium isolate B was further assessed in vitro by using four probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. boulardi, Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. casei), results showed that S.cerevisiae and L. acidophilus were the most efficient by recording the highest inhibition zones (12.6 and 16.3 mm, respectively), therefore, they were further investigated for their anti - S. Typhimurium effects in vitro and in vivo. 3. By using the unconcentrated and (one - fold, two - fold, three - fold) concentrated filtrates of these two probiotics, it was found that the three - fold filtrates were most efficient in their antibacterial activity by recording the highest inhibition zones (25.0 mm for S. cerevisiae and 31.0 mm for L. acidophilus.4. Significant increases in the values of liver index were observed in mice of group I treated with L. acidophilus at 21 days (10.73%) compared to the corresponding group treated with S. cerevisiae (7.41%) or other four groups. For spleen, index value in L. acidophilus groups was higher than the corresponding groups in S. cerevisiae. Mice treated with a probiotic alone or in a combination with the pathogen showed significant increases in the spleen index values of all groups compared to the untreated mice (group V).5. Both probiotics were effective in reducing S. Typhimurium colony forming units per plate (cfu/plate) in the liver and spleen. In liver, mice in group IV showed a count of 224.4 cfu/plate, which was significantly higher than any count in groups of L. acidophilus and S. cerevisiae. Group II mice recorded better results than group I mice, while the lowest counts (21.6 and 27.8 cfu/plate for L. acidophilus and S. cerevisiae, respectively), were observed at day 21.6. The ten investigated cytokines showed different levels in the small intestine wash; such differences were subjected to the group of mice underinvestigation and type of probiotics used. In addition, variations in IFN - ?/IL - 4, IFN - ?/IL - 10, IL - 4/IL - 10 and IL - 17A/IL - 10 were also observed.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عبد الواحد باقر الشيباني علي حسين ادحيه
اسم المؤلف: صفا خليل ابراهيم

دراسة تصنيفية حياتية مقارنة لمراتب من الجنس Onobrychis Mill. (Fabaceae) في العراق

المستخلص: استــهدف البــحث الــحالي دراســة تصــنــيفية مقارنة لاحدى عشر مرتبة تصنيفية تابعة للجنس Onobrychis Mill. من العائلة الفراشية (البقولية) Papilionaceae النامية بريا في العراق وهي O. acaulis وO. caput - galli وO. carduchorum وO. crista - galli بضربيه O. cri | A comparative systematic study was carried out for eleven taxa belong to the genus Onobrychis Mill., Family Papilionaceae grown widely in Iraq, and they are O. acaulis, O. caput - galli, O. carduchorum, O. crista - galli with two varieties O. crista - galli var. crista - galli and O. crista - galli var. trilophocarpa, O. galegifolia, O. haussknechtii, O. kotschyana, O. megataphros, O. ptolemaica, O. schahuensis. The Study included the gross general Morphological characters and Micromorphological characters, also the Pollen grains studied and Anatomy, Chemistry, Enviroment and Geographical distribution and Taxonomic treatment, also botanical key was putted to separate the taxa. General survey for the Phytogeographical districts where the taxa of genus distributed, in order to detect the distribution of the studied taxa of the genus Onobrychis. Therefore many collections obtained and new locations of taxa distribution were recorded, the specimens studied, and correct the mistake naming specimens were identified and reidentified some miss identified specimens. A comparative morphological study was undertaken to all taxa plants parts include the root, stems, leaves, stipules, flowering parts and fruiting parts and drew charts diagrams, tables and accompanying, with natural images for different morphology characteristics, as well as the field images. This study indicates that the characters of Leaf, Inflorescence, Flowers and Fruit were collectively contributed in the separation and identification of taxa. The pollen grains have a taxonomic importance because their different shape, dimensions of polar and equilateral view and wall thickness. The anatomical study showed the importance of Taxonomic support to the morphological characters in the diagnosis and isolation different taxa, and this study showed different in the anatomical characters of leaf include the characters of Epidermis, Stomata and the characters of a cross sections in stems. The current study showed that the trichomes were very important taxonomic in isolate different taxa because their variation in density, dimensions and the shape of epidermis cells that the trichomes arise from them and dimensions of the epidermal cells and the nature of their walls. The current study identified nineteen protein - amino acids by using High - Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the distribution of these compound was variable among various taxa of the genus and that was useful in isolation different taxa. and the aliphatic amino acids, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Serine, Arginine, Alanine, Tyrosine, Valine, Methionine, Isoleucine and Lysine had a wide presence in the studied taxa, which means that they belong to the same genus. The ecology and geographic distribution of the taxa were studied using area survey and information of herbaria specimens, maps have been drawn for taxa distribution in the Iraqi natural geographical provinces. At last, a taxonomic treatment has been carried out for the taxa of the genus Onobrychis, as well as a detailed key to isolate them.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عذية ناهي سلمان المشهداني
اسم المؤلف: زينب جواد عامر

دراسة عدد من ملوثات الهواء وتاثيراتها البيئية في منطقتين مختارة من جانب الرصافة في بغداد Study of Several Air Pollutants And Their Environmental Effects In Two Regions In Al - Rusafa Site In Baghdad

المستخلص: Several air pollutant concentrations such as Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), carbon oxides (COx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), methane (CH4), ozone (O3) and some heavy metals such as lead (Pb) , chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni). Were measured in selected areas of the Rusafa in Baghdad, Anda’lus square (as a commercial site) and Wazeria district (as industrial site).The results showed that the concentration of air pollutants from gases, SPM (NO2, CO, SO2, and SPM) and heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, and Ni) were exceeded globally and locally permissible limits in both study sites, while the concentration of O3, CO2 were within the globally and locally standard limits in both study sites. Commercial site had recorded higher concentrations of (CO2, SPM, Pb) than those of industrial site. While the industrial site had more pollution with (NO, NO2, CO, CH4, Cr). Results showed a relationship between climate factors and air pollutants, where windspeed, temperature, and relative humidity had influenced on the concentration of air pollutants.Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) to nitrogen dioxide gas was identified, by exposing a community of 30 adult male mice. The mice weights were between 23 - 31gm and their age was 8 - 12 weeks. The mice were randomly divided into five groups (6 male of each group). The exposure periods were 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 minutes using different concentrations 50, 100, 150, 200 ppm.The results showed a higher mortality during 150 and 200 ppm concentrations, for exposure periods of 80 and 100 minutes, but other concentrations have not been recorded. LC50 was calculated 161.86 ppm for 80 minutes and 110.53 ppm for 100 minutes.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: محمد نافع علي العزاوي
اسم المؤلف: شيماء هادي حمادي الدليمي

دراسة التاثيرات الحادة والمزمنة للمبيد العشبي - 4, 2 دايكلوروفينوكسي اسيتك اسد في نوعين من اسماك الكارب Study The Acute And Chronic Effects of The Herbicide 2, 4 - Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid In Two Species of Carp Fish

المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية التاثيرات السمية الحادة والمزمنة لمبيد 2, 4 - d في نوعين من اسماك الكارب (الاعتيادي والعشبي)، استعمل في دراسة التاثيرات الحادة عدة لكلا النوعين قيد الدراسة وكانت ((170, 165, 160, 155, 145, 140, 130 و(140, 130, 115, 95, 70)ملغم/لتر ع | This study included acute and chronic effects of 2, 4 - d pesticide in two species of carp fish (Cyprinus carpio and Ctenopharyngodon idella) using several concentrations for the two carp fish species that were (130, 140, 145, 155, 160, 165, 170) and (70, 95, 115, 130, 140) mg/l respectively for 96 hours, to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) and the behavioral changes was used as a standard of those effects. Whereas three concentrations (20, 40 and 60) and (10, 15, 25) mg/l respectively for the two carp species were used in the chronic exposure for six weeks. The behavioral, histological and hematological changes were used as a standard to observe these effects through the study period. The value of LC50 for common carp fish were 157.77, 157.25, 156.41 and 152.62 mg/l. For grass carp, LC50 were 115.92, 114.92, 112.94 and 96.52 mg/l for 24, 48, 72, 96 hrs of exposure to 2, 4 - d pesticide concentrations respectively.Behavioral changes were recorded more effects in high concentrations than in low concentrations. To discover the toxic effects of this substance on fish, many parameters were used. They included the clinical symptoms by erratic swimming, hyperactivity, loss of equilibrium with respiratory effects such as rapid gill movement and swam near the water surface. While in chronic effects, blood parameters were changed in Red Blood Cell R.B.C., White Blood Cell W.B.C., Packed Cell Volume P.C.V., Haemoglobin Hb and liver enzyme (GPT & GOT).Values elevated significantly according to the pesticide concentration (P?0.001) and exposure periods (P?0.05) in comparison with control. The histological examination of the gills, liver and kidney of the common and grass carp fish after chronic exposure to 2, 4 - d herbicide showed pathological changes and alterations such as fusion of the secondary lamella, epithelial lifting, blood congestion, epithelial hypertrophy of the lamellar epithelium and epithelial necrosis. In the liver, pathological changes were seen, including hepatocytes hypertrophy, cytoplasmic vacuolation, blood congestion and cellular necrosis. Degenerative changes of the renal epithelium, necrosis in renal tubules and occlusion of the tubular lumen where the pathological alterations in the kidney.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: احمد جاسم محمد العزاوي
اسم المؤلف: ضحى زكي السويفي

انتشار داء المقوسات العيني مع تقييم لبعض جوانب الحالة المناعية في عينة من المرضى العراقيين Prevalence of Ocular Toxoplasmosis And Evaluation of Some Immune Status Aspects In A Sample of Iraqi Patients

المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية على 104 مريضا من المراجعين لوحدة الشبكية في مستشفى ابن الهيثم التعليمي للعيون في بغداد للمدة من بداية شهر كانون الاول 2013 لغاية شهر حزيران 2014. قسمت مجموعة المرضى استنادا للتشخيص السريري وفحص اختبار التلازن Latex test الى 50 مصابا | The current study was conducted on 104 patients whose underwent to the retina unit in Ibn Al - Haitham Hospital of Eyes in Baghdad from December 2013 to May 2014. The patients groups were divided according to the clinical diagnosis to 50 patients infected with ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) and 54 patents with uveitis, in addition to these groups acontrol group was also included 96 healthy apparent persons without any infection in their eyes.Some epidemiological characters were studied like age, that showed a little effect on two groups OT (Mean of age 38.07 ± 15.14) and uveitis (Mean of age 35.1 ± 17.6). The two groups were found in range 20 - 40 year while the control group include individuals with different age due to the randomly collection. The occupation factor play arole in the prevalence of infection with highly significant differences (P<0.05) in (house wife, workers) with a percentages 35(70%) 35(64.8%) in OT and uveitis groups respectively but the control group expend to include house wife, workers and officers with a total rate 92.7%.The education level also showed significant differences (P<0.01) among the studied groups, the most of ocular toxoplasmosis and uveitis samples were found in highly frequency at the primary, intermediate and secondary educational level with total rate 74% and 77.81% respectively while the control group was found at the secondary and under graduate educational level in 77.1%. The residency character was also examined and no revealed significant difference (P<0.05).The infection path was also set by the presence of animals especially cats which ware existed leading to statistical differences, p? 0.01 for OT group with rate 18%. The visual activity character showed no significant difference (P?0.05) between the patients of OT and uveitis who affected their visual acuity in right eye while the doubling response was recorded for uveitis patients with rate 55.6% in comparable with OT patients with rate 38% for the left eye. The intra ocular pressure was normal in both groups and for both eyes without significant difference.Latex and ELISA IgG. IgM serological tests were used in this study. The results were showed that latex test is easier and it is appear that OT patients were diagnosis with 100%, while the uveitis patients didn't show any positive result. Control group showed that 21 individuals were infected with rate of 21.9%.ELISA - IgG toxo. antibodies confirmed that the infection rate of OT patients was 39 (78%) versus 11(22%) with negative result, while the study also confirm that uveitis patient that have OT disease was 12 patient from 54 case, 42 case didn't diagnosis for OT. The control group was re - evaluated showed 28 case with toxoplasmosis infection from 96 case which from the subclinical group. The antibodies levels were measure by international unit/ ml for all groups, the IgG level was 3.186 ± 1.703 Iu/ml in positive control group followed by OT patients with 2.927 ± 2.417 and uveitis group 0.637 ± 0.803, finally the negative control group 0.276 ± 0.163. IgM levels were low and its presence didn't have any positive case. This study also showed that there was a relation between the IgG level and the pathological effect on eyes which resulted from infection for both groups OT and uveitis, it was high rate 73.5% with 50 patient, for posterior uveitis causing significant differences (P<0.05) followed by anterior uveitis with rate 13.2%.As for the results of cytokines there was a high level of IFN - ? in positive control group 793.7 ± 3461.6 pg/ml followed by OT group 550.6 ± 210.6 pg/ml, the uveitis group that in infected with ocular toxoplasmosis and negative control recorded 524.1 ± 173.6 and 506.6 ± 104.6 pg/ml levels respectively, this rise in the level of IFN - ? cause a significant differences at (P<0.05) for OT, uveitis (non infected) and positive control groups. TNF - ? recorded arise of its level in positive control group 34.89 ± 12.29 pg/ml followed by OT group 32.24 ± 9.91 pg/ml then positive uveitis group 23.61 ± 12.91 pg/ml after them negative control 14.62 ± 5.43 pg/ml finally negative uveitis group with 7.76 ± 4.04 pg/ml.High level of 1L - 12 was gotin positive control group in a concentration 827.00 ± 224.25 pg/ml followed by OT group with 811.28 ± 179.40 pg/ml. An increase in 1L - 17A was recorded in positive control group with mean 327.65 ± 77.89 pg/ml while converged concentration in OT group 263.73 ± 47.48 and positive uveitis group 252.57 ± 61.55 pg/ml. The lowest level was in negative control group 421.6 ± 168.14 pg/ml. MCP - 1 showed a rise in its level in positive control group 274.09 ± 92.05 pg/ml and reduce in OT patients 217.68 ± 98.70 pg/ml, while the two groups negative and positive uveitis recorded levels 155.71 ± 99.51 and 132.60 ± 99.02 pg/ml respectively. The lowest level was register in negative control 97.56 ± 79.17 pg/ml.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: اسراء قاسم العبيدي
اسم المؤلف: عبير فاروق ساكن الحكيم

العلاقة بين متلازمة تكيس المبايض وهرمون المضاد لمولر وبرامج تحريض الاباضة عند اجراء عملية التمنية داخل الرحم

المستخلص: تعد متلازمة المبيض متعدد الا كياس هي من اكثر امراض الغدد الصماء شيوعا عند النساء حيث يصاب من النساء في سن الانجاب مايقارب (5 - 10%). الاعراض الرئيسيه لمرض متلازمة المبيض متعدد الاكياس هو اضطراب الدوره الشهريه مع فشل لاباضه وظهور اعراض زيادة الهرمون الذكر
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - المعهد العالي لتشخيص العقم والتقنيات المساعدة على الانجاب
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: محمد باقر محمد رشاد فخر الدين صباح مهدي حسين
اسم المؤلف: عبير ناظم جاسم

التحري الجزيئي عن بعض التغيرات في الدنا المايتوكونديري للنطف لمرضى يعانون من وهن حركة النطف Molecular Screening of Some Changes In Sperm Mitochondrial DNA In Asthenozoospermic Patients

المستخلص: من خلال البحوث والدراسات التي اجريت على اسباب وهن حركة النطف لدى الرجال الا انه هناك عدد من المسببات لم تحدد والى الوقت الحاضر. الا انه بالرغم من ذلك بعض الدراسات تشيربان العامل الوراثي يلعب دور في ذلك والمتمثل بعضيات المايتوكوندريا والحاوية على الدنا الم | Through researches and studies done on the causes of the asthenozoospermia in men, although there was no specific reason so far responsible for the infertility in people, but some of the studies were indicated that the genetic factors plays a role in the sperm dysmotility through the mitochondria that contained mitochondrial DNA responsible for providing the energy required for the sperm motility by production of ATP, which serve as the fuel that is consumed by sperm during motility. This study is conducted to determine the changes that could occur in the sperm mtDNA which included (common deletion, mtDNA copy number per cell and mutations in the ATPase8 and ATPase6 genes).This study was consisted of two parts as follow : The first part was consisted of two steps : The first step conducted on 71 samples from subjects suffering from the weakness of the movement of sperm and 12 samples from subjects who have a normal movement of sperm, total samples were 83 samples were divided patient samples into 5 groups depending on the percentage of the sperm motility under the classification adopted by the World Health Organization as well as a control group, that it has become 6 groups, these samples were subjected for investigation about the mitochondrial DNA deletions and mitochondrial DNA copy number by using real time PCR.On the other hand was taking 66 sample dispersed sample 56 patients and 10 healthy samples were subjected to the tests of ATPase6 and ATPase8 genes sequences for detection about mtDNA mutation.The second step was included the use of discontinuous gradient centrifugation (percoll) , which are 40 % and 80 % which represent both progressive and non progressive motile sperms, bringing the total samples 166 samples that collected and fractionated in a hospital, Kamal Al - Samarrai to treat infertility and IVF in Baghdad and examined for further molecular investigations for the period from February 2012 to October 2013.The second part was included the molecular tests that carried out after DNA extraction from the cells and this part include three steps : The first step was to investigate the common deletion in mtDNA where the results showed that the total number of deleted samples in the group (0 - 5) in the nonprogressive sperm was 81.25 %, which ranged between 6.8 - 74.7% while the ratio between the other groups 6 - 10, 11 - 15 , 16 - 20, 21 - 25 where were 75, 35.72, 28.5 , 36.3, and 12% for control group respectively. The second step was to investigate the sperm mtDNA copy number. The same groups where the results showed that the content of DNA in subjects with impaired movement of sperm was high compared with the control group where scored in some samples the highest level of gene expression 246.9 copies per cell in the group (0 - 5%) either other groups have shown lower levels were observed in groups (6 - 10) , (11 - 15) , (16 - 20) and (21 - 25) were 203.1, 180.7, 133.5 and 128.3 copies per cell, either the highest level of DNA content of the control group was 94.7 copies per cell, there was also a significant difference (P>0.05) between the normospermic motile isolated from 80% class and poor sperm movement isolated from 40 % class. The third step was included the detection of mutations by analyzing the sequences of the MT - ATAase8 and MT - ATPase6 genes which documented 59 mutations that were 23 missense and 36 silent mutations where all of them were heteroplasmic mutation except for a single mutation of the type missense (A8860G) which was homoplasmic mutation was noticed in all mtDNA copies of patients and control subjects also in progressive and non progressive sperm cells. Thought this current study novel nucleotides changes in MT - ATAase8 and MT - ATPase6 genes among groups where 3 novel missense mutations in MT - ATAase8 gene at positions (8378, 8483 and 8558), the changes of nucleotides bases were A>G, A>C, A>C and A>C respectively, replacing Asparagine to Aspartic acid, Leucine to Proline and Proline to Alanine respectively. Also two novel missense mutations were observed in MT - ATPase6 gene at positions nt (8822 and 9055) where the changes nucleotides were (C >T and G>A) that replaced amino acids (Serine to Phenylalanine and Alanine to Threonine) respectively. Silent novel heteroplasmic change as a transition substitutions in ATPase8 gene at position nt (8371) by replacing C>T without any changing in amino acid of protein. Results of this present study showed novel heteroplasmic silent mutations in ATPase6 gene at positions nt (8899, 9048 and 9060) nucleotides changes (C>T, T>C and C>A) respectively, without changing in amino acid of protein which were observed in infertile group
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - معهد الهندسة الوراثية والتقنيات الاحيائية - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: اسماعيل عبد الرضا عبد الحسن
اسم المؤلف: عدي عدنان مهدي

تشخيص بكتريا Neisseria gonorrhoeae بالطرق التقليدية والجزيئية في المرضى الذكور ودراسة مدى تاثيرها في حدوث الحذوف في موقع AZF Conventional And Molecular Diagnosis of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae In Male Patients And Study Its Suspected Effects In Microdeletions In Azf Locus

المستخلص: This study includes 82 clinical samples from male patients suspected to have gonorrhea (urethral discharge with dysuria). Two types of samples were collected from each patient, urethra swab and blood samples from patients who attended Al - Yarmouk teaching hospital in Baghdad city, Clinics and private laboratories during a period from December 2012 to April 2013. All of them were married and have children's, and 20 samples were taken from apparently healthy subjects.Cases caused by gonococci were diagnosed by finding the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria in the samples using microscopic examination and culturing on rich media chocolate agare for growth bacteria and selective media modified Thayer martin agar (MTM) contact antibiotic to prevent growth of all the types of bacteria except N. gonorrhoeae.Microscopic examination using specific kit for gram stain, showed gram negative diplococcus, like bean shape. Culturing on rich media revealed that 82 (100%) samples positive but re culturing on Modified Thayer martin media revealed that 76 (92.68%) out of 82 positive. Then biochemical test had the same results.Results of the molecular diagnosis of the bacteria causing gonorrhea using specific primers that were specific for the Orf1 gene, revealed that 80.26% of samples (61 out of 76) were positive. Results of the microdeletion in Y chromosome AZFc region revealed that no microdeletion were occurred in SY - 254 STS and BPY - 2 gene.This study, provided high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of gonorrhea using PCR technique which is cheaper and faster than traditional methods. Also, PCR - based method for detection of N.gonorrhoeae can be readily used in hospitals and laboratories.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - معهد الهندسة الوراثية والتقنيات الاحيائية - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عبد الرضا عبد الحسن اللامي
اسم المؤلف: غزوان علي مسلم الرماحي

الكشف عن السمية الوراثية لمستخلص نبات الصبار Aloe vera باستعمال المؤشرات الجزيئية والخلوية Genotoxic Effect of Aloe Vera Extract Using Molecular And Cytogenetic Markers

المستخلص: نبات الصبار Aloe vera L. من النباتات المهمة والتي تستعمل حاليا بشكل واسع في مجال صناعة الادوية ويضاف هلام الصبار الى اغلب مستحضرات التجميل مع بعض المواد الغذائية في جميع انحاء العالم, لذا تم دراسة التاثيرات السمية الخلوية والوراثية لتراكيز مختلفة من المس | Aloe vera L. is one of the important plants in the world.It is currently and widely used in pharmaceutical industry, and its gel in some time added to some foods all over the world. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic and genetic effects of crude, alcohol and aqueous extracts of Aloe vera gel toward the onion(Allium cepa L.) roots (as a biological system) exposure at different periods. Onions roots were treated with different concentrations of the extracts : 2% , 5%, 10%, 20% and 40% (v/v)of the crud extract , 5%, 10%, 20% 30% and 50% (v/w) of alcohol extract and the concentration 25%, 50%, 100%, 150% and 200%(v/w) of aqueous extract of Aloe vera gel exposed for different period (24, 48 and 72) hour. The investigation were focused on the effect of these extracts on onions roots length rate and some cellular properties (mitotic index, phase index, the percentage and type of chromosome aberrations, as well as a genetic study using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) of onions roots treated with different concentration of this extracts. Results showed that all Aloe vera gel extracts had inhibit activity toward onion roots length rate. The inhibition associated positively with the increasing concentration. The effective concentration (EC50%) were 10% of the crude extract, 20% of the alcoholic extract and 100% of aqueous extract, indicating the effectiveness of the crude extract followed by alcoholic extract and then the aqueous extract. Cytological study showed that all Aloe vera gel extract revealed a significant decrease in mitotic index (MI%) of the onion roots cells compared with the control group, and the effect was positively associated with the increasing concentrations of the extract. However, the effect was independent on the exposure period. The concentrations 10%, 20% and 150% of the crude, alcohol and aqueous extract respectively indicated a reduction of the mitotic index to almost 50% of the control treatment. Therefore, this concentrations considered as sub - lethal concentrations for this extracts respectively while the higher concentrations than 30%, 50% and 200% of the crude, alcohol and aqueous extract which reduced the mitotic index to almost 22% of the control treatment were considered as lethal concentrations. The results also showed a significant decreases in prophase and an increase in metaphase in onion roots cells treated with extracts comparison with control treatment. Many of chromosomal abnormalities were appeared due to the treatments of the onion roots with different concentration of the extracts, the percent abnormalities was increased with the increasing concentration of the extract and exposure period. The most frequent of chromosome abnormalities were chromosomal stickiness, disturbed chromosome, chromosomal bridges, C - mitosis, vagrant chromosomes in addition to the other chromosomal abnormalities star telophase. The toxicity effect of Aloe vera gel were studded on molecular level by using random amplification polymorphism of DNA(RAPD). Ten random primers were used, seven of them gave polymorphic bands in all the studied samples and their molecular weights were ranging from 100 to 1600 base pair. The results of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) showed significant difference in the number of DNA band and their molecular weight of the onion roots treated with Aloe vera extracts compare to control treatment. The high concentrations(higher than EC50%) of extracts were showed to be more effective on the DNA through the appearance or disappearance of larger number of DNA band in comparison with control. The genetic template stability (% GTS) was significantly decreased in DNA of onions root treated with high concentrations (higher than EC50%) of Aloe vera extracts, therefore the high concentrations of Aloe Vera extracts were considered to be genetically toxic. The genetic dendrogram was obtained using Jaccard factor of genetic divergence and the result showed segregation of the samples treated with heights concentrations (%40 200% and 50%) of crude, alcohol and aqueous extract from other samples and control treatment. Therefore, the RAPD method can be considered as an efficient method in detecting for assessment of genotoxicity of crude, alcohol and aqueous extract of Aloe vera gel.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوراثة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: نضال نعمة حسين
اسم المؤلف: غيث منذر فاضل

التفكك الحياتي لمبيدي الملاثيون والدورسبان باستخدام مزارع احاديه وخليطه من البكتيريا Biodegradation of Malathion And Dursban By Mono And Mixed Bacterial Cultures

المستخلص: عزلت 45 عزلة بكتيرية محليه من مجموع 30 نموذج تربه ملوثة بالمبيدات والتي جمعت خلال فترات زمنيه مختلفة ومن مناطق مختلفه في بغداد. اختبرت قابلية العزلات البكتيريه على تفكيك مبيدي الملاثيون والدورسبان. اجريت غربلة اولية وثانوية باستخدام وسط الاملاح المعدنية ا | Forty five local bacterial isolates were isolated from thirty different soil sample contaminated with pesticide, These samples were collected from different Baghdad regions at different periods. The bacterial isolates were tested for their ability to biodegrade certain pesticides (Malathion and Dursban). Primary and secondary screenings were carried out using solid Mineral Salts Medium (MSM) and Liquid (MSM) with 100 ppm Malathion and Dursban at 37 0C, pH 7. Twenty seven isolates resistant to Malathion and Dursban were isolated. Out of 27 bacterial isolates from different locations in Baghdad. Results from primary screening showed that the 10 isolates had good growth, 5 isolates gave moderate growth, 12 showed weak growth and only 9 isolates failed to show any growth.According to current results, 10 bacterial isolates were tested for their ability to biodegradation of Malathion and Dursban in liquid medium, However, secondary screenings results by using minimal inhibition concentration(MIC) revealed that only four bacterial isolates had the highest ability to degrade Malathion and Dursban and subsequently were identified as Pseudomonas putida, Esherichia coli, Escherichia hermanii and Staphylococcus vitulinus by Vitek compact system respectively.The optimum conditions (incubation period, pH, temperature) for growth and biodegradation of Malathion and Dursban were examined. The obtained results indicated that the best incubation period was after 7 days, pH =6 and favorite temperature was 350C.Measurement physicochemical properties for soil pH, temperature (C°), electrical conductivity EC (µs/cm) for both Dursban and Malathion concentrations(ppm) collected from six different locations within Baghdad city. Biodegradation of Malathion and Dursban in soil inoculated with different bacterial mono - cultures and mixed - cultures were investigated. soil pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, cations and anions, on the population of native Malathion - Dursban tolerant bacteria in the cultivated soils of six sites. The result showed that soil physical properties like temperature and electrical conductivity affect significantly to native Malathion - Dursban tolerant bacterial density. Similarly, the soil chemical properties like pH, cations and anions had more effect on the abundance of Malathion - Dursban tolerant bacteria in the soil. However, the impact of soil organic carbon, organic nitrogen and available phosphorus was very significant. The results of the present study can be utilized for the development of effective bioremediation process for pesticide - contaminated soil. Under optimal conditions, Malathion and Dursban degradation was measured by using GC - MS analysis. The results revealed that Pseudomonas putida was the best isolate for degrading Dursban by monoculture isolate (47.18%) , while mixed culture(P.putida and S.vitulinus) was the best in degrading Malathion and Dursban that gave 90.84% and 81.055% respectively. Results also indicated that the number of byproducts produced by mono and mixed culture of Malathion and Dursban biodegradation. Whereas the results obtained from GC/Ms analysis revealed that not detected of toxic byproduct Malathion and Dursban degradation by Pseudomonas putida and Staphylococcus vitulins respectively.Moreover, under natural conditions.The study tested the ability of selected bacterial isolates (P. putida and S. vitulins) in biodegradation of Malathion and Dursban, the results showed slower biodegradation by selected bacterial isolates compared with laboratory conditions but study showed a intermediet product like phenol, diethyl phosphorothioate and oxon.The GC - MS results showed that the number of metabolic intermediates formed during the degradation of Malathion by bacterial mixed - culture were relatively higher in number than by bacterial mono - culture.The mass spectra of malathion containing samples treated with bacterial mono and mixed culture showed no any known toxic intermediates. The result indicated that the two main degradation products resulted from bacterial degradation, namely malathion monocarboxylic (MMA) and malathion dicarboxylic acid (MDA), the first one may convert into the latter over time. Some other degradation products may occur such as ethyl hydrogen fumarate (EHF) but in negligible amount.The result indicated that the main degradation products resulted from bacterial degradation of dursban is trichloropyridinol(TCP) and then de - chlorinated into 2 - pyridinol.The mass spectra results obtained in this study showed that the dursban was degraded to many metabolites.The results suggested that the bacterial isolates were not forming any toxic intermediates but no any intermediate was identified till R.T. 22 minutes. This indicated that dursban is probably completely metabolized by the isolates into smaller intermediatesThe isolate Pseudomonas putida isolated from soil contaminated with pesticides was identified genotypic tests. Molecular typing was performed by RAPD - PCR and comparison of the results to other Pseudomonas isolates. The result shows that genotyping differences between isolates and found the convergent percent biodegradation between this isolates of both selected pesticide, although from these differences, there was no more effect to biodegradation, which means that the biodegradation of Malathion and Dursban not related to genotype
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عادل مشعان ربيع
اسم المؤلف: فائزة كاظم عمران

دراسة امكانية الاستفادة من تركيز بروتين المصل الفعال نوع سي بروتين التفاعلي CRP في التشخيص المبكر للاصابات البكتيرية لحديثي الولادة وتحديد توقف اعطاء العلاج من خلاله The Study of Usefulness of C - Reactive Protein Concentration In The Early Diagnosis And Determining The Duration of Antibiotic Therapy of Suspected Neonatal Bacterial Infection

المستخلص: ان التشخيص السريع لاصابات تجرثم الدم في الاطفال حديثي الولادة من الامور المهمة وذلك لخطورة الاصابة المؤدية الى الموت.الغرض من دراستنا هو امكانية استخدام فحص سي - البروتين الفعال في التشخيص المبكرلهذا المرض البكتيري وكذلك استخدامه في تحديد نقطة التوقف عن ا | Rapid diagnosis of bacterial infections of newborn infants is very important itcause of morbidity and mortality. Aim of the studyThe aim of the studyis to examin the possibility of using C - reactive protein in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, as well as its use in determining thestop point of the antibiotic treatment.Patent, Materials and methods This study was conducted at the Hospital of Ibn - Albaladi for children and women in Rusafathe Healthoffice / Baghdad.Iraq from February 2013 to February 2014.The number of patients with bacterial infection was 102 (62%) of the total number of patients (165) who were admitted to the neonatal care unit aged less than 28 days and their weights was more than 1500 g,. The number of males was 92 (56%) and the number of females was 73 (44%), the number of patient withearly onset sepsis EOS (less than three days) was 43 (42%) and with late onset sepsis LOS for (more than three days) was 59 (58%), 43 (57%) ofEOSwas normal deliveries infected and cesarean deliveries infected 33 (43%), while51 (57%) of LOS was normal deliveries infected and cesarean deliveries in LOS was 38 (43%). Blood samples were collected and divided into three portion : bloodculture, CRP andhematological profile.1 - Blood culture.Blood was collection from neonatal sepsis patientinto special blood culture bottle and incubate in bact /Alert 3 D device when growth of bacteria then subcultured on blood agar, MaCconkey agar, and incubatedusingvitek /2 to diagnose bacterial infection anddeterminetheir susceptibility to antibiotic treatment.ResultThe Compact results indicated that 63 (38%)of patient were negative and 102 (62%) were positive out of them 23 patients (22.6%)were infected with gram negative bacteria including {Klebsiella pneumonia 30%, Acinetobacterlowffi 17%, Enterobacter cloaca 13%, } while 79 (77.4%) were infected with gram positive bacteria including { staph Homins and staph hemolyticus each 28% then staph epidermidis 13% and staph aureus 10%, while strep spp was 6% }. 2 - c - reactive protein.It was done by twomethod for the same samples in order to characterize the accuracy of the diagnosis. The first method was agglutination test (method 1) the cut off value for positive result ? 6 µg % 79 (48%)were negative, while 86 (52%) werepositive, while the second method was immune test (method 2) µµµusing Nycocard device werethe cut off value for positive result ? 5 µg % the results 102 (62%) were positive while 63 (38% negative.3 - hematological profile.The hematological profile of our patient included PCV, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, count were measured using Emerald automated Hematology device. The results of these tests werenot compatible with the results of the blood culture, but normal result were compatible with negative blood cultures. The results adopted of blood culture confirm the presence of bacterial infection and then compared with theresults CRP test and blood profilefor the same samples.Negative result of blood culture and CRP test were 54 (33%) while positive results of blood culture and CRP test were recorded and improved after taking treatment for (, 3, 5, 7,) days for (40, 31, 5)patients respectively.ConclusionWeconcluded C - reactive protein test was useful in the diagnosis of bacterial blood infections and determine the stop - point otreatment. Gram negative bacterial isolates were sensitive impinim, livofloxacin and Amikacin while they were resistant to Ampicillin, Ampicillin /Sollbectam and Gentamycin. on the other hand gram positive bacteria were sensitive to Amikacin, Ampicillin/sulbactam Ciprphloxacin, and Tigecyclin and were resistant to Erythromicin, and Oxacillinand Benzylpencillin.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: ايمان ناطق ناجي البياتي
اسم المؤلف: قاسم ابراهيم حسين

تحديد شدة الاصابة الحادة والمزمنة لداء المقوسات الكوندية بواسطة مستويات (IL - 6, IL - 8, TNF - ?) Determination of Acute And Chronic Toxoplasmosis By Estimation of IL - 6, IL - 8 And TNF - ? Levels

المستخلص: المقوسات الكونديه من الطفيليات الشديده النجاح في انشاء اصابة مزمنه طويلة الامد. وقد اجريت الدراسة الحاليه على 366 امراة (117 مجهضات، 141 حوامل، 108 غير متزوجات) جمعت من مستشفيات مختلفة في بغداد. جمعت عينات الدم لجميع المجاميع المدروسة خلال الفترة مابين تش | Toxoplasma is a highly invasive parasite which establishes a life - long chronic infection. The present study was performed on 366 women (117 miscarriages, 141 pregnant and 108 singles) aged (17 - 35) years old from different hospital in Baghdad. Blood samples were collected from all patients during the period of Oct.2013 until of Jan. 2014. Anti - toxoplasma antibodies in the sera of all samples by using two tests, Latex test (LAT) and ELISA (IgG), (IgM) while, the proinflammatory cytokine were estimated by evaluation of the cytokine such as (IL - 6, IL - 8, TNF - ?). The results were showed that : ? The infection rate of toxoplasmosis by LAT was (41.53%) which was more sensitive than ELISA IgG (36.85%), and miscarried women were diagnosed by higher anti - toxoplasma IgG antibodies 62/117(52.99%), while pregnant result were lower 30/108 (27.78%). ? The most frequent age group of chronic infection with T.gondii was (23 - 28) year in both miscarriage and pregnant women, and represented by 45.16%, 40% respectively. While the most frequent age group for a single woman was (17 - 22) years, and represent 46.511% of the total number of this group.? Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis by ELISA IgM test revealed low sensitivity in different studied groups 25/366(6.830%), and miscarried women were diagnosed by a highly significant (P ?0.01) percentage of acute toxoplasmosis14/117(11.965%).and The age group of (17 - 22) years old diagnosed high significant (p?0.01) percentage of acute toxoplasmosis in all studied groups.? According to the distribution of infected miscarried women with toxoplasmosis and gestational age by ELISA IgM the result showed that most of miscarriages were occurred at the first trimester which considered high significant (p? 0.01) 8/14(57.42%). While, chronic infected women at the second trimester (4 - 7 month) diagnosed by significantly (P?0.01) higher percentage of miscarried 24/62(38.71%).? The level of pro - infalmmatory cytokine (IL - 6) in acute infected miscarried women with toxoplasmosis distincted with a significantly high increase (P? 0.05) (177.31±12.53 Pg/ml) in comparison to chronic infected one (119.36 ±14.07 Pg/ml).While, chronic infected pregnant women was low significantly (P ?0.01) (48.41± 2.79 Pg/ml) in comparison to acute infected one and other studied groups, ? The acute infected singles was (118.98± 15.68 Pg/ml) higher non - significantly (P?0.05) than chronic infected one (112.65 ± 17.91 Pg/ml) and both disease activity were significantly higher than its level in healthy singles.? The level of TNF - ? in acute infected miscarried women distincted with significantly higher (P?0.05) (97.46 ± 5.37 Pg/ml) in comparison to chronic infected women (69.55 ± 4.58 Pg/ml), Whereas the mean level of TNF - ? in pregnant infected women during acute phase (62.31 ± 3.82 Pg/ml) was significantly (P?0.05) higher than chronic infection (21.42 ±2.74 Pg/ml)? Single infected women showed high significant increase (P?0.05) of TNF - ? level (50.48 ± 7.42 Pg/ml) in comparison to chronic infected one (35.46± 5.36 Pg/ml) and both disease activity scored high significant increase (P?0.05) of TNF - ? in comparison to healthy singles (18.29 ± 1.02 Pg/ml).? Finally, the mean level of IL - 8 in miscarried women with positive infection with T. gondii during acute phase (187.92 ± 15.38 Pg/ml) was significantly (P?0.05) higher than chronic phase of infection (140.57 ± 13.87 Pg/ml).Whereas the mean level of IL - 8 in acute infected pregnant women (110.32 ± 9.13 Pg/ml) was higher significantly (P?0.05) than healthy pregnant (91.49 ± 7.59 Pg/ml) and healthy singles (88.82 ± 5.62 Pg/ml).? Infected single women showed highly significant (P?0.01) increased levels in both diseases activity in comparison to single women without infection (88.82± 5.62 Pg/ml).
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: بان نوري القاضي
اسم المؤلف: لينا قاسم كاظم الزهيري

دراسة التاثيرات السمية للـ Gliotoxin المنتج من العفن Aspergillus fumigatus باستخدام تخمرات الحالة الصلبة Study Toxicity Effects of Gliotoxin Produced By Aspergillus Fumigatus Using Solid State Fermentation

المستخلص: تم اختبار قابلية عشرة عزلات للعفن Aspergillus fumigatus على انتاج الغليوتوكسين بوساطة تخمرات الحالة الصلبة وباستخدام الرز كوسط زرعي (ركيزة). اشارت نتائج الغربلة ان العزلة AF - 5 كانت هي الافضل واعطت اعلى انتاجية.كانت الظروف المثلى لانتاج السم على وسط الر | The ability of Ten Aspergillus fumigatus isolates for gliotoxin production were screened by solid state fermentation (SSF) using rice medium as substrate. The results indicated that, the AF - 5 isolate was the highest gliotoxin producer.The optimum conditions for gliotoxin production by AF - 5 isolate on rice medium were : - inoculum size 6×106 spores, moisturizing ratio (5 : 1) (w : v) with distilled water and incubation at 37 ?C for 10 days. Gliotoxin was purified from crude extract of AF - 5 isolate after production under the optimum conditions using solid state fermentation SSF. Purification of gliotoxin was achieved by two steps including : filtration and solid phase extraction. These processes were accessed to remove debris from crude extract and gives pure gliotoxin. The gliotoxin concentration was (122.6 ppm), which was detected by Thin layer Chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography.The result of cytotoxicity effect of both purified extract and standard gliotoxin on human lymphocytes with exposure time of 24 hours at four different concentrations 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppb showed growth inhibition percentage 21, 39.10, 61.99, 87.45% and 17.89, 34.92, 58.34, and 85.22% respectively. The cytotoxicity effects have been done using conversion of the MTT to MTT formazan. After DNA was extracted from lymphocyte treated with toxin and analyzed by electrophoresis on a 1% agarose gel, gliotoxin appeared to have ability to damage the DNA. Results showed that both growth inhibition and DNA damage were increased gradually with the increasing of gliotoxin concentration.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الفطريات
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم جاسم هاشم
اسم المؤلف: محمد عادل نوري
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