Author name:
سـعاد خليـل ابراهيـم
Supervisor name:
مهدي ضمد القيسي | جنان مجيد العقيدي
Abstract:
جمعت (500) عينة من المرضى المصابين بالحروق من ثلاث مستشفيات في مدينة بغداد للمدة من 1/6/2007 ولغاية 1/11/2007. زرعت هذه المسحات على الاوساط الزرعية للعزل الاولى وتم تشخيصها بالفحوصات المظهرية والبايوكيميائية. اظهرت (489) عينة ملوثة بالبكتريا وبنسبة | • Five hundreds swabs were collected from patients suffered from burns in three hospitals of Baghdad city, for the period from 1st June 2006 to 1st November 2007. The swabs were implanted in order to be isolated and diagnosed by morphological and biochemical tests. • The results showed that 489 swabs were contaminated with bacteria (97.8%), while 11 swabs were not (2.2%). The identification and prevalence of the bacteria was as follow Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 148 swabs (30.27%), Klebsiella pneumoniae in 102 (20.26%), Staphylococcus aureus in 79 (16.16%), Escherichia coli in 70 (14.31%), Proteus mirabilis in 52 (10.63%) and Enterobacter cloacae in 38 (7.77%). • Information card for each patient was assigned included age, sex, time of suffering from burns, social status and address.• The degrees of suffering were as follow : - First degree of burns, 201 cases (40.2%). - Second degree, 187 cases (37.4%). - Third degree, 112 cases (22.4). Sensivity test to antibiotic and was done for all the isolated bacteria, and it was found, that, they were sensitive to Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin, Tetracyclin and Fusidic acid within the percentage ratio of 0.0, 59.1, 3.7, 58.5 and 11.6%, respectively. Also it was found that the investigated bacteria showed high Vesistance to Penicillin G (87.9%), Erythromycin (93.9%), Trimethoprim (100%), Carbencillin (83.9), Cefotaxime (63.4%), Ampicillin (75.9%), Gentamycin (67.9%), Streptomycin (83.6%), Nalidix acid (89.4%) and Linomycin (83.2%). o Searching for the active compounds in the extracts of investigated plants (Linum usitatissimum, Nigella sativa and Eruca sativa) was conducted. It was found, that, the seeds of the three plants contained Glycosides, Alkalis, Flavonoids, Soapiness and Resins, which are not water soluble, but could be detected by the alcoholic extraction. Cumarin was noticed in the seeds of N. sativa and E. sativa only. o Different concentrations of water and alcohol extracts were prepared in addition to the isolation of oils, soapiness and Flavonids. The effectiveness of the extracts was tested at the concentration of 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 mg/ml for all the plants, against the bacteria.o The Phenol, water and alcohol extracts of L. usitatissimum and E. sativa showed high effect against the bacterial species, while that of N. sativa was less affective.o The Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), was found to be different according to the type of extract and the species of bacteria.o The effects of the organic acids (Acetic, Citric, and Lactic) were tested at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 4% of each acid. An increase in the diameter of inhibition area, related with the increase in the acid concentrations, was detected. It was found that the acetic acid was more affective against the microorganisms, followed by the Citric acid and then the Lactic acid.o on the base of ratios of inhibition area diameters (in vitro), the results illustrated that E. coli was more affected by Acetic acid when the diameters reached 18.75, 21.75, 30.75, 38.25, 40.00 and 44.75 mm, respectively. The concentration of 1.5% was the effective enough against E. coli as diameters rates for P. mirabilis were 19.25, 18.25, 18.0, 22.56, 27.75 and 31.0 mm, respectively, followed by Ps. aeruginosa, S. aurues and En. cloacae when exposed to the optimum concentrations of Acetic, Citric, Lactic acids. The diameters at concentration of 4% were 23.50 and 23.66 mm. o The water extracts from all the involved plants, in addition to the organic acids showed good levels of effectiveness against the different studied bacterial species, when suffered by burns rats were exposed to them. A clear decrease in bacteria numbers in these rats in comparison with non - treated animals, in the swabs removed from the treated and non - treated rats, in addition to the absence of any histophathalogical changes in livers and skins of the treated animals. o Biochemical tests of serums from animals treated with the water extracts and organic acids at concentration of 16 mg/Kg and 18 mg/Kg for seven days and the microscope investigation, proved that these compounds were not toxic.o The effects of the water extracts and the organic acids were studied too from the point of the immunity point of view. An increase in the Levels of IgG and IgA of the supplementary systems C3 and C4 was noticed in the suffered from burns in general. The levels of IgG and IgA tended to be normal after the treatments with the water extract from the studied plants and with the organic acids.o The L D50 of N. sativa and E. sativa was 18 mg/kg while it was 16 mg/Kg of L. usitatissimum.
