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النمو النفسي لدى طلبة الجامعة وعلاقته ببعض المتغيرات الاجتماعية == Psychological Growth Of College Students And Its Relationship To Some Social Variables

Author name: عامر عبد النبي كبن العبادي
Supervisor name: مها حسين يوسف سالم البدر
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present research is investigating the identity status of the first , year students at the university level.There are four types of identity status (Achiever, Moratorium, ' 4 I Foreclosed, and Diffused). It also attempts to identify the differences in students identity according to sex variable and area of especialty.Another goal is to find the relationship between the achiever (growing Identity) and a number of social variables relating to family environment.In order to achieve these goals, the researcher constructed two ' scales : the first is "Identity status of college students" depending on I Marcia's theory (Ego Identity status) (1964). The second instrument is I "The Family Interaction" which depends on Ausuble's Satilization theoey (1954).The instrument's validity and reliability was established, then they were applied to a sample of (475) Freshmen students. The statistic used in analyzing the results were chi - sequare, t - test, I I person's correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, the standard error,as well as Cronbac's formula.The result of the study showed that freshmen students are characterized with foreclosed Identity who were highly depended on family members older than them. The results also showed that there are no significant differences at the (0.05) level between the sexes in identity formation but there were no significant differences in Identity formation according to area of especialty except in the Moratorium type. Another finding there were significant positive relationship between strong family relationships and Identity Achieving.The correlation between other family factors such as the number of family members, educational background of parents, order of birth, type · of residence and mother's accupation and the Achiever Identity were not 11 significant at the (0.05) level.
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الاسلوب المعرفي التصلب - المرونة وعلاقته بالقدرة على اتخاذ القرار لدى مديري المدارس الثانوية ومديراتها == The Cognitive Style Rigidity Flexibility And Its Relat.Ion Fith The Ab.Il/Ty Of Making Decisions Of The Secondary School : F Headmasters Ano Headmistress

Author name: زينب فالح سالم الشاوي
Supervisor name: سعيد جاسم علي الاسدي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Cogentlve styles (Rlgldlty - Flexiblllty) represents one of the prominent styles in studying individual differences. It was shown by studies that each dimension (Rigidity - Flexibility) is characterized by unique characteristics and trails In the way that an individual copes with information In the life situations • and to predict his/her behaviour. as well as • its effect on • f their intellectual development and academic achievement.The cognitive style (Rigidity • flexibility) is considered one of the most important factors that influence the individual's ablllty for decision making through his perception of information and hwo be can cope with it. Decision making is one of the important activities of the educational system. So the effectiveness and the goodness of these decision are related to their appropriateness to the outlined aims that basic ally rest on the human beings who are managing and organizing the decision making. Purpose.o f investigation the purposes of the present investigation. is : • 1) Constructing a test to measure the ability for decision making.2) Finding out the relationship between the official's ability for decision making and the cognitive style (rigidity - flexibility} 3) Prevaling the individual differences in the ability for decision making interms of two variables Cognitive style (rigity - flexibility). - Sex (male - female).For achieving the present investingation aims , used to tests for measuring the official's ability for decision making and measurement the cognitive style (rigidity - flexibility).The two tests were administered on the (79) randomly selected female and male of the Secondary School's head master's and head mistress. Data were collected and statistically processed by employing the pear son moment - product correlation coefficient analysis of variance for two independent variables and the t - test for the two • Independent samples so that the following conclusions were drawn : (1) There is a/statistically significant relationship between the ability for decision making and the cognitive style (rigidity - flexlblllty).(2) The flexible are superior of rigid in their ability for decision making. (3) The males are not different form the females in their ability decision making.The following recommendations were reached : 1 - State establishments should be encouraged to administer new courses for their head masters' to provide them with the adequate skills In decision making to their work fleld.e 2 - Alrigidity - flexibility test should be standeridized and then employed inorder to find out the rigid and to take the necessary steps to remedy the situation. Many studies and research projects were suggested the researcher : (l) The relationship of cognitive style {rigidity - flexibility) t other variables like personality. (2) Carrying out further studies that examine the relatlonshl of ability for decision making with the personalit variables.
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اثر اسلوبي التخيل بالموسيقى والكرسي الفارغ في علاج الشخصية التشاؤمية : دراسة تجريبية

Author name: مائدة مردان محيي الطعان
Supervisor name: سعيد جاسم علي الاسدي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Pessimism has been the nerve of creativity and its gleaming soul. It is the will of Life. Without evil, we cannot know the good and without ugliness we cannot know beauty , and without Pessimism we cannot embroider our life with the.optimis1n of a wonderful dream. Without pessimism, creative ·men and women cannot feel the pain, which is their only ·inner 1notif, from pains, they have built the colossal heritage in the fields of philosophy, arts and sciences. But today it has taken negative images expressing the inability of the individuals and their weakness to face the difficulties and challenges of life, the world of the weak has been colored with a very dark night and loss of willing ness to continue their lives. They look at life as meaning less and futile; so ·they have to put themselves to eternal rest. They take their lives in very tragic ways.OGioeti11os oJ tl!.o St14dy The present study aims at : 1. Building a measure for "pessimism - optimism" the purpose of which is to determine and measure the characteristics of pessimism and optimism possessed by the normal research sample and the clinical sample.2. Identifying the effect of "i1nagination - through - music" technique in the Therapy of a normal sample from among the pessimist female students of the Institute for Training Women Teachers.3. Identifying the effect of the ' empty chair' technique in the Therapy of a normal satnple. From among the pessimist female students of the Institute for training women teachers. Identifying the effect of "imagination - through - music" technique in the Therapy of a clinical sample of patients suffering from depression.5. Identifying the effect of "the empty chair" technique in the Therapy of a clinical sample. of patients suffering from depression.6. Identifying which of the two techniques (imaginationthrough - music) or (the empty chair) is more effective in the Therapy of the pessimist nonnal sample in accordance with the variable of type of Therapy (individual VS. group).7. Identifying which of the two techniques (imaginationthrough - music) and (empty chair) is more effective in the Therapy of the pessimistic character of a clinical sample of patients suffering from depression in accordance with the variable of sex (males vs. females).The researcher adopted (38 hypotheses) divided into two equal halves covering the two samples : the normal pessimist sample and the clinical sample. To verify these hypotheses the Researcher resorted to some instruments and techniques the validity and stability of which have been proved by various scientific means.These instruments and techniques were1. Building up a measure for "pessimism - optimism".2. Measure of "depression" derived from the Minnesota multi - dimension measure of personality (MMPI).3. Measure of Depression derived from Crown Chris' 1neasure which diagroses psychological disorders.4. Preparing a model for the case study.5. Qualitative methods for the application of (imaginationthrough - music) technique. Qualitative methods for the application of the (empty chair) technique.7. Testing of Musical Dream.Sa11tpOos ol t4o st1tdyThe samples of the study were divided into two parts : A. Sample of "building the measufe" which included the following : ' ·.............I. A normal sample from second - year student in the college of Education, University of Basrah for the academic year 1997 - 1998 and for the age group 19 - 23 years old.2. A sample from the staff members of the Central Library, University of Basrah and for the age group 25 - 45 years old.3. A sample of private "bread - winners"(kasaba) and housewives for the age group 30 - 48 years old. The normal samples were Chosen by Using the model of (class observation). 4. A sample of patients diagnosed clinically as being suffering from depression and who were outpatients in the Consulting Clinic and psychiatric wards in Basrah General Hospital for the years (1997 - 1998 - 1999) and for the age groups 18 - 50 years old. This sample was selected according to one type of probabilistic observation (age sample).B. An Experimental Sample which included the following : 1. A sample of female students from the fourth and fifth years in the Institute for Training Women Teachers in the Govern orate of Basrah for the Academic years 1998 - 1999 and for the age group 19 - 23 years old. The sample was selected throughr the use of the simple random - sample method in order to represent the normal pessimist sample of the experiment.2. A normal optimist sample was selected - through the use of the same method - from among the female students in the Institute for Training Women Teachers and from the staff members of the central Public Library, housewives and private "breadwinners"(Kasaba) to be an external Control group. 3. A clinical sample of patients suffering from depression (males and females) of the age group 18 - 30 years old was selected through deliberate observation.expoti11to1ttalJ 'Dosi91t Two experimental types of design were used in the experiment. The were : A. four experimental groups with one internal Control Group and one external control group for the normal sample.B. Four experimental groups with two internal control groups and one external control group for the clinical sample.App1Jieatio1t ol tao 6xpoti11to1tt Before starting the experiment, the researcher attempted to control the mediating variables, which might have a direct effect on the dependent variable in the experiment. The groups were made identical in their exposure to the nonexperimental variables. An identity comparison was made and no difference among the groups was detected. This means that the groups were drawn from the same communit The researcher then exposed the experimental groups anp the control groups to the pretest. The results indicated a hi~ degree of pessimism where as the members of the external control group demonstrated a high level of optimism. The experimental groups were divided according to the selected methods of the study. Some were treated by the u~ of "imagination - through - music ' technique and the other groups were treated by the use ofthe'e1npty - chair' technique.The Therapy was carried out in the following way : 1. The selected methods of the study were applied t~ the normal pessi1nist sample according to the variable of the type of Therapy (individual - group). 2. The same methods were applied to the clinical sample according to the variable of sex (malesfemales).The experiment took 12 weeks for the normal pessimist ·sample and 21 weeks for the clinical sample. The groups were then subjected to the posttest.Statistical! Tftarapy The data of the study were analysis, according to the correlation factors analysis and some marked and nonmarked tests.1i11di119s oj tfta Sti.dy The study : : t..!!i~£iat the following findings : 1. The tow techniques showed that they had great effectiveness in the Therapy of pessimism for the normal pessimist sample. The differences between the experimental groups and the internal control group were statistically significant. By comparing thefindings of the optimist normal in the external control group with the findings of the experimental groups, the differences were statistically significant. This mean~ that the pessimist normal did not reach the level of the optimist normal in the external control group although their level of pessimism was reduced. By comparing the findings of the experimental groups in the light of the variable of type of Therapy (individual - group) there were no differences worth - mentioning. This indicates the effectiveness of both techniques regardless of the type of Therapy employed. 2. The results of the 1nembers of the experiment groups for the clinical sample demon striated the same level of change. Through comparing the findings of the experimental groups with those of the control groups, the differences were statistically significant. Thisproves the effectiveness of both techniques in reducing the level of pessimism in the pessimist patient in the experimental groups. When comparing the findings of the same groups with those of the external control group, the differences were also statisticallysignificant. This means that the pessimist patients did not reach the level of the natural optimism of the normal although they could get over their pessimist reality.eo11ceusio11 Finally, we can summarize the whole thing by saying that this study achieved its objectives and has reached a general conclusion, viz."The two techniques of •imagination - through - music and the' empty chair 'have great effectiveness in the Therapy of pessimism of the nonnal and patients irrespective of the type of Therapy (individual - group or sex (male - female)" The researcher has also arrived at a number · of recommendations and suggestions derive from the findings of the study.
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اعادة البناء المعرفي وتعديل اساليب التفكير الخاطئ باستخدام طريقة الدفع المتعقل == Cognitive Restructuring And Modification Of Faulty Thinking Styles By Using Rational - Emotive Approach.

Author name: امل عبد الرزاق نعيم المنصوري
Supervisor name: مها حسين يوسف سالم البدر
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
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بناء برنامج ارشادي للطلبة المتفوقين عقليا ذوي التحصيل الدراسي الواطئ في الصف الثالث التوسط == Constructing A Counseling Programme For The Mentally Preeminent Pupils Of Low Studying Achievement At Third Intermediate Class

Author name: عبد الكريم زاير رسن الموزاني
Supervisor name: مها حسين يوسف سالم البدر | فاضل عبد الزهرة مزعل
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The Importance of the Research : The significance of this study stems from the following : 1 - This research work can be considered as apioneer step in the study of the mentally preeminent under achievers ,for it is the first attempt at dealing with thesis type of mentally preemineut under achievers..2 - This work is an attempt at shedding the light on the problem faced by the mentally preemi.llet under achievers and it suggests the activities that lead to making their.problems easy to solve.3 - The accurate description of the problems the mentally preeminent under achievers is beyond any doubt the basic starting poinJ : of any programme that aims at taking care of such subjects.4 - It is possible to apply the proposed counselling programme by the by the educational counsellors at the intermediate schools to arrive at the appropriate investigation to find out the mentally preeminent underachievers.Aim of the study : The present thesis aims at providing acounseling programme to serve the mentally preeminent underachievers of the third - year intermediat classes.Limiations of the study : The present research work in limited to : 1 - 111c mentally preeminent under achievers of the academic school year 1998 - 1999.2 - The centre of Basrah city.3 - The male third - year intermediate pupils.Procedures : 1 - The Sample : The population covered by this study is 5044. third - year school boys and the sample consists of 438 subjects. Among the members of this sample only 89 pupils repeated each other year at both the first and second years of their intennediate classes.2 - Tool Data Collection : A. The lrage standardized Raven's progressive Matrice which are developed by Dr.Fakhri AJ. Dabagh , Dr. Mahir Takah and Dr.V. komarlu arc used to find out the mentally preeminent individuals.B. The Questionnaire : The present research worker has prepared questionnaire to pinpoint th\problems faced by the subjects of the study. •The researcher has followed these steps : I - Distributing a pilot questionnire which consists of one open - ende question among twenty pupils to know their problems.2 - number of items were arrived at by analysing the subjects answers to ·the one openemded questions of the questionnaire to there items another ' number of test items were arived at after reviewin some previous studies.The total mumbr of the test items was 85 these items covered six fields educational , psychological , domestic , economic , social and health masters.3 - This tool of data collection was given to a jury to validate the items Each item which got 85 was included in the test were excluded the selectedtest ,items were 65 ones to there items other two were added. The fmal number these items read 67. Before each test item a four point scale.hence the unltiple choice answers suggest that each item is applicble to (a) great extent (6) some extenl (c) little extent , inawlicable. 4 - To prove the validity of queshonnaire items • the queshonnaire was later distributd among (16)subjects. through aretest which was conducted a forry later. The validity factor proved to be (0.88).Final Conduction : The tool was applied again it was distributed among 52 male subjects.' Statistical procedure : The research worker made was the percentage of jury agreement the corrected meens and pearsons Co - efficient factor was made use of there tofmd out the validity of the questionnare. The results that are arrived at are the following : .1 - The corected median was applied to the response. Then the items w~re re - arranged descendingly. The items which got the corrected means 21or more were dropped out. A set of Suggestions were made to make tlhe problems easier later and on the , procedural aims were selected according to the seriousness of those problems.Conclusions : The research worker has come up with to the conclusion lhat the subjects have been suffering from problems from all the six areas or fields. These problems at different degrees of diffir,?lty thus the fields can be re - arranged descendingly as follows : and problems 1 - The school field.2 - The psychological field.3 - The Domestic field. ·4 - The economic field.5 - The social field.6 - The health matters.Recommendations : 1 - An educational counsellor should be available as a member of the staff of every intermediate school in Iraq.If it is difficult to apoint such an official , one of the teachers should receive training in counseling to play the role of a counselor.2 - Awareness of the importance of.counselling should be encuoraged and spread throogh all types of media of commuintcution.3 - Spreading knowledge via parent - teachers meetings through successful treatment fashions with mentally preeminent pupils and not allowing.anxiety to have place their souls to achieve their parents ambitions.Suggestion : 1 - There is a crying need for conductins simalar thesis with female mentally underachievers.2 - Theres is a need for Conducting acomparative study that covers maale and female mentally preeminent from other educational stages primary j prepatory and university. 13 - Making study that aims at building a comprehensive educationa counseling programme to cover the res of the mentally preeminenunder adievers.4 - Since the present research is limited to the center Basrah Govemorate , : it is proposed that further studies shoyld cover the other parts the Govemorate of Basrah and other provinces.
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التحصيل الدراسي وعلاقته ببعض المتغيرات النفسية والاجتماعية لدى ابناء الشهداء في المرحلة المتوسطة

Author name: فاهم حسين عباس الطريحي
Supervisor name: قبيل كودي حسين
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
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مخاوف الاطفال في مرحلة الدراسة الابتدائية

Author name: صفاء عبد الزهرة حميد الجمعان
Supervisor name: مظفر عبد الصمد عبد الرزاق
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Childhood is considered as an important and crucial stage in forming the personality and in fonnulating its characteristics.Studies show that several of those who are suffering of psychological disorders were exposed to shocks or problems during their childhood ; which left deep influence in their personalities.Fears constitute the cornerstone of many psychological disorders like anxiety , phobia , obsession and compulsion Besides, fear is closely related to anger, jealousy and lie.What adds to the importance of the study is that children are in an age where disorder can be easily changed or modified to build a stable personality.. To do this , it is necessary to devise an objective mechanism which enables us to investigate children fears.Aims of the study : The present study ai1ns at : 1. Devising an inventory to survey fears of pupils in the primary stage.2. Measuring fears of pupils in the primary stage. 3. Investigating the fears of pupils in the primary stage according to the variables of : • Sex ( male or female )• The pupil's order among his brothers and sisters (first, middle or last).• Living with the ( father , mother or both ). The research covers only pupils of the primary stage in the daily schools in the city of Basrah during the school year 1999 - 2000.Approach of the Study : The population of the research consists of 67749 pupiis distributed over 542 schools. The number of pupils in the pilot sample is 250. The main sample consists of 800 pupils ( 400 males and 400 females). The pupils were chosen randomly.The researcher utilized a questionnaire to collect data. the first version of the questionnaire includes 95 items distributed over seven axes. These axes are : School fears , animals fears , fears of nature , health fears , family fears , war fears , miscellaneous fears. The questionnaire was then given to specialists and experts of education and psychology so as to judge its reliability. Those items which were agreed upon by less than 80% were taken out and the items left were 82.To ensure the validity of the questionnaire procedures, overt validity and construction validity were followed. After completing these procedures , those items which did not sho\v statistic significance were taken out. Thus the total number of the valid items became only 58. Concerning the consistency of the questionnaire, it was checked by repeating the test. To find out the consistency coefficient , Pearson correlation coefficient was used and it equal 0.83.After administering the questionnaire and collecting the da , data analysis was done by using the percentage , Fischer equation T. test and the differential analysis.Results of the study : The researcher arrived at the following results : 1. The procedures carried out in chapter 3 helped in devising an inventory of the fears of children in the primary stage. 2. Concerning the second aim of the study , it was revealed that the mean of scores of the sample of the study ( 74.32) wa higher than the hypothetical mean ( 58). When the two mean were tested by T. test , it was revealed that it was statisticall significant with a degree of freedom of 799 and significanc level of 0.05. Thirty - two fearful situations were identified fo the pupils of the primary stage.3. Concerning the fourth aim of the study, it was revealed that there are statistically - significant differences in the variable o sex and positively on the side of females in all axes i.e. fears o females were higher than those of males except in the fourth andsixth axes ( health fears and war fears ) where no statistically - significant differences between males and females appear.Results also showed statistically - significant differences in the variable of the order of the child among his brothers and sisters. These differences were between the first and last orders on one side and the middle on the other side. No differences were revealied between the first and last orders.
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العجز المتعلم وعلاقته بالمعتقدات المعرفية لدى طلبة الجامعة == Learned Helplessness And Its Relationship With Epistemologybeliefs Among University Students

Author name: اية عبد الامير علي
Supervisor name: بتول غالب الناهي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يعاني طالب الجامعة في بعض الاحيان من عجز في تحقيق التوازن بين دوافعه الملحة وضغوط الحياة والتي بدورها تؤثر على صحته النفسية. فطالب الجامعة يمر بمرحلة الشباب ومايتخلل هذه المرحلة من مشكلات وصراعات ناجمة عن سوء توافق دراسي ومن جملة هذه المشكلات الرسوب الدر | A university student sometimes suffers from a deficit in achieving the balance between the pressing motives and,Lite stresses which in turn, affect his mental. Therefore, a university student, undergoing the problems and conflicts which permeate this stage, often suffers from poor academic adjastment. Among these problems is the problem of repeated academic failure. When the student repeats the academic year, he/she is seen as marginalized. This marginalization undercuts the feasibility of the student's efforts and the benefits of supportive measures whether made by family, social group, or educational staff. This cyclical marginalization further reinforces the student's negative perceptions and ideas about himself/herself. Then the student's response to future opportunities and challenges is colored by his/her feelings of being marginalized and, thus, the student does not achieve his or her true potential, the desired results. Thus, this entire process is one of learned helplessness on a declamatory, cognitive, and behavioral level. And this problem is related to another problem which is the Epistemology beliefs among university students which is represented by the system of implicit assumptions which students carry about the nature of knowledge and its acquisition. The study problem is manifested in the answers to the following questions : • Do university students suffer from learned helplessness?• Do the variables of gender, stage, or specialization affect learned helplessness among university students?• What is the level of Epistemology beliefs among the university students?• Do the variables of gender, stage and the specialization have an effect on the Epistemology beliefs among the university students?• Is there a relationship between learned helplessness and cognitive beliefs among the university?The research aims at the following : 1. Measuring the level of learned helplessness among university students.2. Identifying any significant differences of learned helplessness among university students according to the variables( 1) gender; (2) specialization;( c) academic status (success versus failure).3. Measuring the level of the Epistemology beliefs among university students4. Identifying the differences of Epistemology beliefs among university students according to the variables : (a) gender; b : specialization; ( c) academic status (success v. failure).5. Recognizing the relationship between Epistemology beliefs and learned helplessness among university students? To achieve the goals of the research, a scale to measure learned helplessness has been prepared depending on Seligman's theory. The scale consists of 49 items to measure learned helplessness. Additionally, Skomer's scale of Epistemology beliefs was also modified to suite the study sample (university students). The psychometric properties of the scale were extracted by adopting a method of comparing terminals and the reliability of internal consistency, and the stability of the scales was extracted by Cronbach's alpha formula. This scale is applied to a sample of university students (repeaters - and successful) numbering 723 male and female students for the academic year 2015/2016 by using of the variance triple analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient.The most significant results are : 1. Failed (marginalized) students have a level of learned helplessness. 2. There is difference between the Epistemology beliefs of the successful students and the failed (marginalized) students.3. There is a negative correlation relationship between learned helplessness and Epistemology beliefs (learning speed) of the successful students.4. There is a positive correlation relationship between the learned helplessness and Epistemology beliefs. In light of these results, the researcher made some recommendations and proposals : 1. Through programs of the center of teaching methods, the lecturers are enlightened by the most effective ways to deal with the students to raise their motivation to attain and achieve success; especially, focus on students whose academic status is low.2. Holding training courses for the teachers through the programs of teaching methods at university to develop their Learning strategies and how they can develop the Epistemology beliefs of the students
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السعة العقلية وعلاقتها بسمات الشخصية المبتكرة لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية == Mental Capacity And Its Relation To The Students' Created Personality Traits In Preparatory Schools

Author name: سارة ابراهيم احمد
Supervisor name: عبد القادر رحيم الانصاري
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الحالي التعرف على : 1 - السعة العقلية لدى المرحلة الاعدادية.2 - دلالة الفروق في السعة العقلية لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية تبعا لمتغير النوع (ذكور - اناث), التخصص(علمي - ادبي), الصف (الرابع - الخامس).3 - السمات الشخصية المبتكرة لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية.4 - دلالة الفروق في سمات الشخصية المبتكرة لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية تبعا لمتغير النوع (ذكور - اناث), التخصص (علمي - ادبي), الصف (الرابع - الخامس).5 - علاقة السعة العقلية بسمات الشخصية المبتكرة لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية.ولتحقيق اهادف البحث، قامت الباحثة باستعمال مقياس السعة العقلية ( لجان بسكاليوني,1970) وطبق المقياس على عينة البحث للصف (الرابع والخامس الاعدادي)، كما قامت الباحثة كذلك بتبني مقياس سمات الشخصية المبتكرة لهولمز(1976), لكونه الاداة المناسبة حسب علم الباحثة القادرة على قياس السمة المراد دراستها وهو مقياس اجنبي تم ترجمته الى العربية, وتعديله بما يتناسب والبيئة العراقية، وتم التحقق من الخصائص السايكومترية لكلا المقياسين، وقد بلغت عينة البحث(776) طالبا وطالبة من الصف الرابع والخامس الاعدادي، واستعملت الباحثة الوسائل الاحصائية الاتية : (الاختبار التائي لعينة واحدة، الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين المتساويتين بالعدد، ومعامل ارتباط بيرسون، معادلة الفا كرونباخ , وتحليل التباين الثلاثي). وتم التوصل الى النتائج التالية : 1. ان طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية يتمتعون بمستوى عالي في السعة العقلية .2. ان طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية يتمتعون بسمات الشخصية المبتكرة .3. لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في السعة العقلية تبعا لمتغير النوع (ذكور - اناث), التخصص(علمي - ادبي). لكن توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في السعة العقلية تبع لمتغير الصف (الرابع - الخامس ) لصالح الصف الرابع الاعدادي.4. لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في سمات الشخصية المبتكرة تبعا لمتغير النوع (ذكور - اناث), التخصص (علمي - ادبي), المرحلة (الرابع - الخامس) 5. توجد علاقة بين السعة العقلية وسمات الشخصية المبتكرة لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية. التوصيات 1 - ضرورة توفير الفرص والظروف, والانشطة والمهام, والدعم النفسي والاجتماعي اللازمة لتنمية قدرات المتفوقين والمبتكرين الى اقصى قدر ممكن, واسهام ذلك في تنمية وتوسيع السعة العقلية لديهم.2 - اجراء ما يلزم من تعديلات للمناهج الدراسية العادية من حيث المحتوى وطرق التدريس, والتركيز على تفرد التعلم, حسب قدرات واستعدادات الطلبة نحو العملية التعليمية. 3 - ضرورة توفير معلمين متخصصين ومؤهلين للعمل مع الطلاب ذوي السعة العقلية العالية والمبتكرين, واقامة كليات ومراكز عليا لاعداد وتدريب المعلمين المتخصصين للعمل مع المبتكرين ومع ذوي السعات العقلية العليا, مع تقديم الدعم اللازم لتشجيعهم على العمل بدقة وكفاءة مع الطلاب. كذلك اقامة مدارس خاصة صيفية لتقديم موضوعات ومواد معينة كي يلتحق بها المبتكرون والطلاب ذوي السعة العقلية العليا لتطوير مهاراتهم وقدراتهم الخاصة.4 - ضرورة وضع اليات لتنفيذ البرامج التربوية للمبتكرين والاهتمام بذوي السعات العقلية العليا من خلال اجراء مسابقات او برامج او مهرجانات تظهر هذه القدرات العقلية مع وجوب توفر دعم حكومي ومجتمعي اللازم لتنفيذ ذالك.المقترحات1 - اجراء دراسة مع متغيرات اخرى مثل السعة العقلية وعلاقتها بالتفكير الناقد او الادراك او التفوق الاكاديمي وغيرها.2 - اجراء دراسة مع متغيرات اخرى لسمات الشخصية المبتكرة وعلاقتها بالمعلم الناجح او بالنمو المعرفي وغيرها. | The current work aims at the following : 1. Recognizing students' mental capacities in preparatory schools. 2. Identifying the differences in these capacities according to the variant of gender (males - females), the branch of study (pure scientific - humanistic), the level of study (fourth - fifth)3. Recognizing the students' creative personality traits in the preparatory schools.4. Recognizing the differences in these personalities according to the variant of gender (males - females), the specialty of study (humanistic - pure scientific), the level of study (fourth - fifth)5. Recognizing the relationship (positive or negative) between mental capacity and creative personality traits of those students in preparatory schools. The sample included in this study was (776) students (boys and girls) from fourth and fifth classes in the preparatory schools. To accomplish the goals of this work, the researcher has followed and adopted mental capacity measurement made by Pascal - Leone. The scale is applied to those sample students. The researcher also adopted a measurement for creative personality traits put forward by Holmes for it is the only available tool. Then, psychometric features were checked for both of these two kind of measurement using statistical means such as T - test for one specimen, T - test for two independent samples, SPSS and Cronbach's Alpha formula. The results can be summarized I the following points : 1. The students in these schools have a good level of mental capacity. 2. They have a good level of creative personality traits.3. There are no statistical differences in mental capacities according to gender differences (boy - girls), the branch of study (humanistic - pure scientific), but There are statistical differences in mental capacities due to the level of study (four and five classes)4. There are no statistical differences in creative personality traits due to gender differences (boys - girls), the branch of study. But there are statistical differences in creative personality traits due to the level of study (fourth - fifth).5. There is positive relationship between mental capacity and creative personality traits among students in the preparatory schools.
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الذكاء الروحي وعلاقته بالشخصية الاخلاقية لدى طلبة الجامعة المرتفعي والمنخفضي التحصيل الدراسي == Spiritual Intelligence And Its Relationship To Moral Personality For Undergraduates With High And Low Achievement

Author name: نداء كاظم هادي العطبي
Supervisor name: زينب حياوي بديوي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يستهدف البحث الحالية التعرف على : 1 - الذكاء الروحي لدى طلبة الجامعة مرتفعي التحصيل الدراسي.2 - دلالة الفروق للذكاء الروحي لدى الطلبة مرتفعي التحصيل وفق كل من متغيري. - الجنس (ذكور - اناث). - التخصص (علمي - انساني).3 - الشخصية الاخلاقية لدى طلبة الجامعة مرتفع | Aims of current study can be stated as follow : 1) spiritual intelligence for undergraduates with high achievement.2) differences in spiritual intelligence degrees of undergraduates with high achievement, according to the following variables : a) Gender (Male/female).b) Specialization (scientific/human). 3) moral Personality for undergraduates with high achievement.4) the differences in moral Personality degrees level for undergraduates with high achievement, according to the following variables : a - Gender (Male/female).b - Specialization (scientific/human).5) spiritual intelligence for undergraduates with low achievement.6) differences in spiritual intelligence degrees of undergraduates with high achievement, according to the following variables : a) Gender (Male/female).b) Specialization (scientific/human).7) the level of moral Personality degrees for undergraduates with low achievement.8) the differences in moral Personality degrees level for undergraduates with low achievement, according to the following variables : a - Gender (Male/female).b - Specialization (scientific/human).9) The relationship between the spiritual intelligence and moral character for undergraduates : a - for undergraduates with high achievement.b - for undergraduates low high achievement. To achieve study objectives, the researcher used two research tools. Specifically, The Spiritual Intelligence Self - Report Inventory (King, 2008) was used by the researcher after translation, validity (i.e., face, translation and discriminatory validity) and reliability confirmation (via using test - retest and Chronbach's Alfa Coefficient). The inventory consists of the following areas : 1 - Critical Existential Thinking, 2 - Personal Meaning Production, 3 - Transcendental Awareness, and 4 - Conscious State Expansion. Inventory alternatives were : Completely true of me, Very true of me, somewhat true of me, Not very true of me, and Not at all true of me. Each alternative take degrees ranging from 4 - 0 for positive items and the reverse for negative ones. For moral Personality, a scale was built based on Blasi's model for moral character and the cognitive - social theory. The final version of the scale consisted of (63) items distributed to the following three areas : 1 - Willpower, 2 - Moral desires, and 3 - Integration.Scale alternatives were : Completely true of me, Very true of me, somewhat true of me, Not very true of me, and Not at all true of me. Each alternative take degrees ranging from 5 to 0 for positive items and the reverse for negative ones. The scale validity (using face validity - discriminatory validity - structure) and reliability (test - retest and Chronbach's Alpha) were verified. Moreover, discriminatory power for the scale's items was verified by applying on a sample of (400) female/male undergraduate students of Al Basrah University (morning study).After psychometric characteristics precision was verified for research scales and items, the two scales were applied on the main research sample (i.e., 360 undergraduate male/female undergraduates of Basrah University : 180 undergraduate male/female undergraduates with high achievement and 180 undergraduate male/female undergraduates with low achievement) selected by regular random sample method. Results were extracted using statistical package for social science (SPSS) and statistical methods including arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson coefficient, t - test with one sample, two - ways analysis of variance "ANOVA", mean differences, standard errors and standard errors differences). Findings were as follow : • Undergraduates with high achievement had higher spiritual intelligence and moral character. • There were statistically significant differences between undergraduates with high achievement in spiritual intelligence according to gender (in favor of males), and moral character according to gender (in favor of females). Moreover, no statistically significant differences were appeared according to specialization. • Undergraduates with low achievement had low spiritual intelligence and moral character.• There were statistically significant differences between undergraduates with low achievement in spiritual intelligence according to gender (in favor of males), and moral character according to gender (in favor of females). Moreover, no statistically significant differences were appeared according to specialization. • There were a positive relationship between spiritual intelligence and moral character. Findings were discussed by the researcher according to theories adopted for each variable (i.e. spiritual intelligence and moral character). In addition, according to literature review, many conclusions were drawn including : spiritual intelligence variable was effective for undergraduates in general, and specifically for those with high and low achievement. Moreover, it was shown as significant in enabling individuals address issues facing them. Additionally, the following recommendations were concluded : the development of moral values and standards which play important role in the formation of moral character for undergraduates through consulting courses.
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اساليب التفكير والتعلم المميزة لدى طلبة الاعداديات المهنية في ضوء بعض المتغيرات == Distincitive Ways Of Thinking And Learning A Mong The Preparatory Students Professional In Liaht Of Some Variables

Author name: رغد ناصر السالم
Supervisor name: بتول غالب الناهي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: ن الاهتمام بمصطلح اساليب التفكير والتعلم من العوامل المؤثرة في العملية التربوية, نظرا لان معرفتنا باساليب التفكير التي يفضلها الافراد تساعدنا في تحديد الطرائق المناسبة في تعليمهم ,وارشادهم ,وتوجيههم, وتحديد الوسائل الملائمه لتقييمهم, بما يؤدي في النهاية | The interest term thinking and learning of the factors affecting the educational process methods, because our knowledge of the ways of thinking favored individuals that help us in identifying the appropriate methods in their education, and instruct them and guide them, and determine the appropriate means of assessment, including ultimately leads to higher academic achievement level they have, and the development of and the independence of their abilities and improve the educational process and to help the students to learn ways of thinking and learning to enhance the strengths and address the weaknesses as well as assistant teachers to predict and infer character of their students and use teaching methods appropriate.IT Summarized the research problem in answerning the following questions : 1 - What is distinctive ways of thinking and learning when the preparatory studeut professional?2 - Do variables of grade and the impact of specialization in the different ways of thinking and learning a mong the preparatory students professional?Objectectives of the study : 1 - - akoshv About ways of thinking and its components have distinctive Preparatory students professional students. 2. to identify the differences in ways of thinking and its components with the Preparatory students professional, and emerge from this goal the following question : Q / Are there significant differences in ways of thinking and its components to the Preparatory students by professional variables : A - row.B - school branch. 3. disclosure of learning methods and its components have distinctive Preparatory students professional. 4 - identify the differences in learning styles and its components with the Preparatory students professional, and emerge from this goal the following question : Q / Are there significant differences in learning styles and its components to the Preparatory students by professional variables : A - row.B - school branch.The limits of the study : The current research is limited to the preparatory students professional.(Industry ,Trade ,Applied Arts ,Nursing) ,In the province of Basra, for the academic year(2014 - 2015), of aboth genders and chassrooms, (fourth ,fifth ,sixth)The study measures : A - The study tool : First\Ways of thinking scale : The researcher used the ways of thinking of the preparation of the scale sternberg and Wagner (1991) and the veracity of the scale,using , virtual honesty ,Discriminatory power factor analysis assertive and ,stability Usign Jtman coefficient and Alpha Cornbach.Second / scale learning methods : researcher learning methods were used to measure Oukad (2007) has been verified the veracity of the scale using the virtual honesty and strength of discriminatory global analysis and exploratory Althiat using Jtman coefficient alpha and Cornbach.B - The study sample : The scale was applied to a sample of 600 students from High school professional students to study the morning and disciplines (industry and trade of applied arts and nursing).The most significant results of the study as follows : 1. Online distinctive methods of thinking among the preparatory students is a professional legislative style.2. The existence of differences between students in methods variable depending on the stage of study thinking (fourth and sixth) in favor of the sixth in the legislative style.3. The existence of differences between the students in the ways of thinking according to specialize in style hierarchy.4. The distinctive learning styles among the preparatory students professional style are convergent.5. The existence of differences between students in learning styles depending on the variable phase (fifth and sixth) and in favor of the sixth in style Convergent.6. The existence of differences between students in learning styles depending on the variable Specialization divergent in style.In light of the search results Ordta researcher the following recommendations : Recommendations : In light of the findings the researcher rencommends the following : 1 - Emphasis on the distinctive ways of thinking and learning among students taken into consideration when developing their curriculum.2 - utilization of research in the evaluation of students Alaaadadiat professional results.3 - taking into account the sample students Alaaadadiat career.4 - on specialists in the Ministry of Education and Vocational Education to use methods of learning suits distinctive professional level.5 - establishment of private educational cadre of professional guidance by specialists contend in which the interest in ways of thinking and learning and its importance in the professional preparation of students Alaaadadiat professional courses.Proposals : 1 - Conduct a similar study on a sample of the average third - grade students.2 - a study in learning styles according to the deprivation of parental variable among a sample of students.3 - conduct a study on ways of thinking and learning in their relationship with some personal and emotional factors.4 - a study of the relationship between methods of thinking and learning styles, and success in various professions, and to identify the extent to which the list of methods of thinking, learning and measurements to predict success in various disciplines and professions.
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قياس قلق التصور المعرفي لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية == Measuring Anxiety Conception Cognitive Among The Preparatory Level Students

Author name: ذكاء رحمن خضير العقابي
Supervisor name: بتول غالب الناهي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: لقد تزايد الاهتمام بدراسة الاضطرابات السلوكية فظهرت الحاجة لدراسة المتغيرات او الظواهر النفسية والسلوكية والمعرفية ومنها قلق التصور المعرفي في اطار العوامل والمتغيرات التي تتفاعل معها تاثيرا وتاثرا ما كون لنراؤية علمية اشمل من منظور اوسع للظاهرة من | The increasing interest in the study behavioral disturbances and distractions which showed the need to study the variables or psychological, behavioral and the cognitive phenomena such as cognitive perception worry in the framework of the factors and variables that influence and interact with affected Thus been made available Vision Of scientific most comprehensive of a broader phenomenon of perspective of and through the understanding and forecasting and early intervention to reduce the extent of the negative effects on the individual and the community and as he a manifestation of both a mental health proper conformance and has spoiled with the surrounding community in doing the responsibility, production and respect the customs and traditions and the rights of third parties, any deflection in thinking or The behavior, conscience, perception leads to a deterioration in the personal which affects the same individual and to society a negative impact, hence the idea of research to shed worry cognitive perception in terms of being emotive state of fear and the discomfort and preoccupation with of thinking and disorder the cognitive activities necessary in addressing the various attitudes and through the above lies the problem of current research to answer following two both questions;* What level of worry cognitive perception among preparatory level students?* Do you variable sex and branch school and Row level of worry at the impact of cognitive perception?.The study aimed to measure the cognitive perception worry among preparatory level students through the construction of disclosure of extent to which the students worried cognitive perception tool has corrupted the scale of four areas : (a sense of guilt, threat, the aggressive, shyness), according to the theory of Kelly virtual extracted as honesty and consistency and discriminatory internal measure of stability and extracted retail midterm manner reaching stability(0.81)and the way Alvakronbach where reliability coefficient was (0.90)and this shows that the measure enjoys consistently high. Dish the scale on a sample of junior high and high school students in the province of Basra, numbered (614) students were chosen random stratified way, and after the sample a questionnaire statistical analysis using the bag of Social Sciences (spss) The results were as follows : - The preparatory level students they have level of worry cognitive perception where it reached arithmetic mean (153.66) compared to center - premise (145) - The results of statistical analysis indicated that the anxiety the level of the females are larger than the level of anxiety in males. - There are significant for their classroom variable compared to the fourth preparatory grade to sixth preparatory for the benefit of the concern cognitive perception. - There is no indication of variable section (scientific - literary)concern in cognitive perception.In light of the findings the researcher found the following recommendations : 1 - On the educational and educational institutions develop special programs to enhance for students self - confidence in various stages of study.2 - Activating the role of educational counselor in the junior high school and detection of cases of worry perception of for students and processed as they arise.3 - Awareness through the mass media to spread the educational programs concern the cognitive perception.To complete current research she researcher suggests the following proposals : 1 - studying the measurement of krowldge anxiety and its relation ship with self - appreciation of in termediate school studonts. 2. Conduct a comparative study in cognitive perception worry among preparatory level students in the secondary and professional.3 - Conduct a comparative study in cognitive perception worry among junior high students stage between the countryside and the city.
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نظرية العقل وعلاقتها بالتفكير فوق المعرفي عند الطلبة المتفوقين تحصيليا واقرانهم العاديين في جامعة البصرة == Theory Of Mind And Relationship With Metacognition Thinking For Students Owners Of High Achievement And Their Peers In University Of Basra

Author name: نور كاطع عباس العيداني
Supervisor name: رفعت عبد الله جاسم
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The compatibility level that the student achieves mentally and sentimentally refer to what extent he has two kinds of sophisticated social cognition These abilities are : the Theory of Mind (TOM)Which is regarded fundemental prerequisite in daily interactions, in cooperation and in education. Any deficiency leads to difficulties in social interaction. And matcogntion of thinking. The present study aims to : 1 - To Assess the development of the Theory of Mind for University Students.2 - To compare the development of the Theory of Mind amongst the highest achieves Students and their Normal Peers.3 - To Assess the Metacognitive thinking for university students.4 - To compare the Metacognitive Thinking among the highest achieves Students and their Normal Peers.5 - To recognize the Relationship between the development of the Theory of mind and the Metacognitive Thinking for the Hight achieve Students and their Normal Peers in Basra University.The Sample of the study, which was chosen randomly consisted of (400) students : (160) Hight achieves students and (240) normal students. To achieve the aim of the study, an Arabic version of Simon Baron - Cohen and his colleagues (1997) scale "Theory of Mind", and it was also known as "Facial Expression Scale'' and the Arabic version of Schraw and Denison's (1994) metacognitive thinking scale were conducted. Both scales were translated and adapted to be appropriate for the Iraqi environment. It was verified for the psychometric characteristics for both scales. The following statistical methods were used such as : (T - Test for One Independent Sample, T - Test for Two independent Sample, Std. Deviation, MANOVA, Pearson Correlation, Alpha Croanbach‘s Formula, Kuder - Richardson, and Biserial Correlation).The following results outlined : 1 - The results of the study revealed that university students have a developed Theory of Mind at the total score on the scale, and at the level of each domain separately : Emotions and Thoughts.2 - Students recorded higher level in the Theory of Mind in comparison with other normal peers.3 - The results of the study revealed that university students showed a high level of Metacognitive Thinking.4 - Hight achieve students recorded higher level in the Metacognitive Thinking in comparison with other normal peers.5 - There is a strong positive correlation between the Theory of Mind and the Metacognitive Thinking among the highest achieving students and their normal peers.
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الاعتماد - الاستقلال عن المجال الادراكي وعلاقته بدافع الانجاز الدراسي لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية == Reliance - Independence From The Perceptive Aspect And Its Relation With Academic Achievement Motivationof High School Students

Author name: زينب سمير عبد الرزاق
Supervisor name: عبد القادر رحيم عبد الرحيم
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يستهدف البحث الحالي تعرف : - 1 - الاسلوب المعرفي (الاعتماد - الاستقلال) عن المجال الادراكي لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية. 2 - دافع الانجاز الدراسي لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية. 3 - الفرق ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في الاسلوب المعرفي (الاعتماد - الاستقلال)على المجال ال | the current research aims to To recognize : 1 - the cognitive method (reliance & independence ) from perceptive aspect of high school students.2 - achievement motivation of students high school students..3 - significant differences statistically in cognitive method according (reliance & independence ) from perceptive aspect to variable of : A - Gender ( Males and Females).B - Specialization( Scientific and Literary Specialization students).4 - difference significant differences statistically in academic achievement motivation according high school students. to variable of : A - Gender ( Males and Females).B - Specialization ( Scientific and Literary Specialization students).5 - significant differences statistically the relation between the cognitive method ( reliance - independence ) from the perceptive aspect and the academic achievement motivation of students.6 - difference significant differences statistically in the relation of cognitive method (reliance - independence ) from perceptive aspect by the motivation of academic achievement high school students to variable of : : A - Gender( Males and Females).B - Specialization( Scientific and Literary Specialization students).The statistics analysis sample is consisted of (400 ) students ( female and male ) of 5th high school class for both specialization ( scientific and literary ) that are selected randomly from 7 schools to extract the honesty and reliability ,where the final application consists of 600 students ( females and males ) 5th high school ,selected randomly from 6 schools in the city center of Basra governorate for the academic year 2014 - 2015. For research Tools : Witkin scaleof forms including, Academic achievement motivation scale. To establish the scale of academic achievement according to (McClelland's Human Motivation Theory)and to demonstrate it to experts and specialists in measuring and evaluation field , educational psychology.The apparent honesty has been extracted by the using of percentage and (Chi - square) , also the reliability has been extracted by the applying (Spearman - Brown coefficient)as it isreached(0,84) ,the reliability coefficientby the way of split - half (0,74 ).For Cronbach's alpha,the reliability is (0,90) ,also the Internal consistency is extracted between the response of each item and the total degree of scale by using (Spearman - Brown coefficient) as it is reachedgthe highest value of (0,96) and the lowest value of ( 0,54).In order to achieve the research objects , the researcher has relied the following statistics measures : )Chi - Square), (Spearman - Brown law) ,Arithmetic Mean , Standard deviation , skews ,Al - Waseet( Median ) ,Mode ( statistics ) , liner correlation / Pearson , Cronbach's alpha equation and T - test for un - equal separate samples.The findings are showed as follows : 1 - There is a connective relation between reliance - independence from the perceptive aspect and academic achievement motivation.2 - the students of scientific specializations are exceededat the independence aspect from the perceptive aspect more than the literary specializations. 3 - The girl students are exceeded boy students at the level of achievement motivation.4 - There are significant differences statistically between students of scientific specializations and students of humanitarian specializations in cognitive method ( reliance - independence ) from the perceptive aspect in favor of the students of scientific specializations.5 - There are significant differences statistically between females and males in the test of academic achievement motivation in favor of females
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الاخفاقات المعرفية وعلاقتها بفقدان الامل لدى طلبة الجامعة == Cognitive Failures And Its Relationship With Hopeless Of University Students

Author name: اشواق جبار حمود
Supervisor name: رفعت عبد الله جاسم
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يجد الفرد نفسه احيانا في موقف ما يصعب عليه تفسير تواجده في ذلك الموقف او انه يخفق في اداء متطلبات مهمة ما اعتاد على القيام بها بصورة دورية وشبه يومية احيانا كثيرة وربما قرا شيئا ووجد نفسه لم يفهم او لم يتذكر ما يتوجب عليه فعله من قراءة ذلك الشيء. وقد ا | The individual finds himself sometimes in what position difficult for him to interpret, or that he fails to perform a task requirements of what he used to do regularly and almost daily, sometimes he read something and found himself did not understand or did not remember what he must do to read that thing. Broadbent and others have called such errors and failures the individualfaced daily as (Cognitive Failure). Martin define these mistakes as a "the individual errors on the cognitive foundations hinder Sometimes the individual completion or achievement or addressing the issue of what used to be performed by the individual in later times easily and facilitates (Marten, 1983, P.97).On the other hand; the individual face in his life a lot of crises and difficult times caused by the nature of life itself is vulnerable to natural disasters, wars, family and professional problems, all these eventsleft him transient effects in some cases and severe cases else. Arab societies suffered in general and the Iraqi community in particular, is still suffering from difficult conditions starting wars, economic blockade, which lasted for a long time and the end of political changes, these wars and calamities and psychological pressure large to which the individual sense and feeling that are hopeless in the face of external events.Therefore, the current research sought to verify the following objectives : 1. Measure the cognitive failures among university students.2. Measure the hopeless among university students.3. Identify the nature of the relationship between cognitive failures and hopeless among university students. Current research conducted on university students, male and female, for the academic year (2013 - 2014), the sample was chosen the way indiscriminate The total number is (400) students, as the number of males stood at (200) male and female number (200) student.The current study requirements has necessitated translation Scale of cognitive failures (Broadbent 1982).And building scale of hopeless according to Aaron Beck perspective.The results showed : - That college students have cognitive failures, and this is in line with what literature and previous studies brought. - University students have hopelessness. - The current study found a positive correlation between cognitive failures and hopeless, correlation coefficient (0.845) and the level of significance (0.05). The study also revealed that there is neither statistically significant differences on cognitive failures scale according to gender (male - female)to the amount of the value of T (1107). Nor hopelessness scale, according to gender by the T value of $ (2,263) and the level of significance (0.05).In light of the results achieved researcher recommended a number of recommendations, including : The contribution of the media in easing the suffering of university students from cases of hopeless, through television seminars and extension programs in order to help them deal with what they suffer from psychological crises. Among the proposalsConduct a study to examine the relationship between the hopless and other variables (such as depression, psychological stress, thoughts of suicide, the locus of control, social support, self - esteem, and academic achievement)
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العادات الدراسية وعلاقتها بعادات العقل لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية == Study Habits And Their Relationship To With Habits Of Mind With The Students Preparatory Stage

Author name: لبنى عبد الاله خضير حسين
Supervisor name: زينب فالح سالم الشاوي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اولا : مشكلة البحث : ان الانفجار المعرفي وثورة المعلومات التي اجتاحت العالم حاليا لم تجعل للتخمين دورا في النجاح والتقدم , واصبح السلاح الحقيقي الذي يجب ان نزود به طلبتنا هو سلاح المعرفة الصحيح والبناءات المعرفية القوية المتمايزة والواضحة والمنظمة , وال | First : the research problem : The explosion of knowledge and the information revolution that swept the world turn of the century did not make the guess role in the success and progress, and became a real weapon that should provide him our students is the right knowledge weapon and strong buildings cognitive clear differentiated and organization, and proper road to success in building students cognitive and build their minds properly and faces preparatory school students study life different from those that lived in the middle stage, a student in junior high is responsible for instruction significantly and the demands of the collection of information and ways and means commensurate with the nature and objectives of the subjects that are studied Therefore habits used by students to acquire and save and retrieve information in the preparatory stage differ from the habits that they use in the previous educational levels.Second : the importance of research : due attention to self - research in the field of learning the habits of scientists and study their importance in all fields of education in general and learning in particular where they help students to gain knowledge and completion of learning absorb the content of the subject and the development of the ability to take responsibility and achieve academic success.otaml tasks learning habits and remember to reduce the anxiety of students and increase their integration into the educational process and selection of the best ways to learn and identify strengthen learning strategies The study is the effort my mind to get the knowledge and this means that the art of learning arts is not limited to the acquisition of knowledge, but it also helps the individual to acquire the skills and positive habits in much better than the actual performance, by exploring options and looking at the pros and cons and show the type required to think easily that age we live in it is characterized by a revolution Informatics and technology fast and changes multiple and developments in all areas of life where The importance of the use of reason habits and invest smart in ways that in this day and age, which is characterized change speed and openness to the cultures.Third : Research Objectives : The aim of the current research to identify habits at school fifth grade secondary students.12. The difference between (male and female) and Branch (scientific, literary) in school habits scale. Habits of Mind to the fifth grade secondary students.3 4. recognize the difference between (male and female) and Branch (scientific, literary) in Habits of Mind scale. 5. The relationship between academic customs and habits of the mind. Fourth : Borders Search : Search is determined by the current students of Basra province (morning Studies) male and female students and grade (the fifth intermediate) and Branch( Scientific and literary) and for the academic year (2013 - 2014). Fifth : curriculum and research tools : Correlative researcher descriptive approach adopted for being the most suitable approaches to the study of the correlation relationships between variables and describe the phenomenon studied and analyzed, and that the current research deals with the relationship between two variables (academic customs and habits of mind) students at the preparatory stage. Either for research tools have been building a questionnaire to the habits of the school is made up of six areas (motivation for the study, management and time management, note - taking, concentration, activity and perseverance, prepare for exams) and includes all the area (13) paragraph either Habits of Mind scale has adopted researcher prepared by the scale (Turaihi and Kazem 2013) Sixth : Statistical methods The researcher used statistical methods that are appropriate to the nature of the research and its objectives based on the consultation of some specialists in statistics and psychology consisted of statistical methods using statistical software (SPSS V, 9) : and as follows : 1. samples( t - test) for one sample to find a difference between the average and the average of the sample premise of both scales. 2. samples t test samples t test for two independent samples T - Test for Two independent Variables to extract the discriminatory power of the two measures, and recognize the difference between (male and female) and recognize the difference between the branch (scientific, literary) for both scales. 3. Pearson Person Correlation Coefficient Formula correlation coefficient to achieve the following. Find the relationship between the degree of each paragraph of the two measures primarily college Paragraph degree relationship extraction degree component of the scale of study habits. Find a correlation between academic habits among students as a whole scale. 4. equation Alvakronbach Crounbach Alpha Formula to extract the stability of the two scales indicators. Conclusions : 1. The school habits necessary for good performance of the student and help him to gain information, storage and retrieval. 2.used fifth - grade students at the appropriate study habits to prepare them for the duties of the school. 3.The school habits necessary it is his fundamental requirement, it helps students to achieve success and to deal with diverse situations. does not have the fifth - grade students habits of mind.4 5. Students using scientific specialization courses habits better than students of literary specialization. 6. there is a relationship between academic customs and habits of mind...Recommendations : Based on the findings of the current research, the researcher recommends the following : 1. to take advantage of current research standards in the educational fields. 2. The need to pay attention to each variable of the current study variables due to the respective roles in student achievement, so attention must be paid to the development of positive habits of mind and habits of study together. 3. emphasis on habits that appeared low among students development
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الدافعية العقلية وعلاقتها بمهارات ادارة الوقت لدى طلبة الجامعة == Mental Motivation And Its Relationship With Time Management Skill At College Students

Author name: نوال محمد عساف
Supervisor name: بتول غالب الناهي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تلخصت مشكلة البحث في الاجابة عن التساؤلات الاتية : 1 - هل يمتلك طلبة الجامعة مستوى من الدافعية العقلية.2 - ما مستوى مهارات ادارة الوقت لدى طلبة الجامعة.3 - التعرف على دلالة الفروق في الدافعية العقلية ومهارات ادارة الوقت بحسب متغير (الجنس، التخصص، المرحلة). | The study problem can be summarized in the following questions; 1 - Do students in the university Level have mental motivation?2 - What is students in the university Level 's of the time management skill?3 - Is there any correlation between mental motivation and students at the university Level 's of the time management skill?Study Objectives : The present study aims to : . 1 - Identify the level of mental motivation of university level students.2 - . Identify the time management skill of students at the university Level. 3 - Identify the correlation between mental motivation and time management skill of students at the university Level.Research limits : The current research is limited to a sample of undergraduate students of Basra University, morning shift, of the academic year (2013 - 2014) and both genders for four stages of colleges from both humanistic and scientific.Research procedures : A - Tools of the study : First - Scale of Mental Motivation : The researcher used the Hmuk scale (2012) of mental motivation, As the face validity, Discriminant validity , stability, and internal consistency is checked. Second - Scale of time management skills;the researcher built a scale of time management skills that consists of (45) items fall into five subscales (planning, setting goals, A good management of the public time wasting factors, Homework activation) The validity (content validity, Discriminant validity, internal consistency) of the scale is checked by using. also stability is measured using test - retest and Cronbach alpha. B - Study Sample : The study sample consisted of (1000) Students from the University of Basra in both humanistic and scientific. In order to analyze the data responses of the participant of the test, the researcher used the three - way Anova and SPSS Pearson correlation coefficient. The main conclusions of the study are : 1 - Students at the university Level have a high level of mental motivation.2 - Students at the university Level have an Average level of time management skills.3 - There is a positive correlation between mental motivation and time management skills.According to the previous results, the researcher has the following recommendation : 1 - The university counseling Units should give specialized courses for students at the university Level in the time management skills.2 - Directing educational institutions To plan programs aimed at the development of mental motivation In different ages Because of its importance In the development of the educational process
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اتجاهات طلبة كلية التربية بجامعة حضرموت - الجمهورية اليمينة نحو مهنة التدريس == College Of Education Students'Attitude Toward Teaching Profession In Hadram University In The Republic Of Yemen I

Author name: عبد الرحمن سعيد فرج بلخير
Supervisor name: مظفر عبد الصمد عبد الرزاق
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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قياس الضغوط النفسية لدى طلبة الجامعة : بناء وتطبيق

Author name: عامر عبد النبي كبن العبادي
Supervisor name: مها حسين يوسف سالم البدر
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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بناء اداة لقياس المناخ النفسي للجلسة الارشادية

Author name: عبد الزهرة لفتة عداي البدران
Supervisor name: علي حسين الدوري
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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بعض سمات الشخصية لدى المرشدين التربويين وعلاقتمها بالتعامل مع الضغوط المهنية == Some Personality Traits Of The Educational Counselors And,Their Relationship Coping With Occupational Stress

Author name: نضال عيسى عبد المظفر
Supervisor name: فاضل عبد الزهرة مزعل
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Researchers are deeply concerned with stress b)' studying the operations or methods through which the induviduals deal with the stressful situation in their lives. So it is like akey to understandig stress and treating them.Perhaps the educational counselors may come across occupational stress through their coping strategies which integrates with their personality traits. So the present research tries to answer the following questions : l. Is there any significant relationship between some of the personality traits (Perceiver - Judger) of educational counselors and the ways of coping with occupational stress?2. Is there any significant relationship between some of the personality traits (Perceiver - Judger) and rhe way - : coping ·,vith occupational : stress in the light of sex v;.;nable? 3. Is tere any significant relationship between some of personality traits (Perceiver - Judger) and the occupational stress?The research involved a sample of (60) counselors males and females from the whole original number which was (88). The samplei included (19) male and (41) famale. The research was conducted ini secondary and high school at Basrah city for the academic year of 1997 - 1998. To achieve the objectives of the research, it is necessary to construqt a measure for strategies of coping with occupational stress includin fiv ~ coping methods. The items are collected from different resources.The items were analyzed by dicriminataive power, final the test becomes include of (45) items.Established to the test, the face validity, and reliability was (0.83) count out by means of test - retest.The researcher also used Personality Traits Inventory (Hogan and Champagne, 1992) to measure the traits (Perceiver - Judger) and established the face validity, then the reliability by means of test - retest was (0. 75), and the researcher also adopted scale which was ready by (Salih, 1995) for stress at work.The results pointed out by using person product - moment correlation to find the signification relationship concerning the goals of the research. There was no significant relationship.The risearcher su2;;ested : 1. Conducting asimilar study for the educational counselors m secondary and high school in cities other than Basrah. 2. conducting astudy for other personality traits and them relationship of coping with occupational stress of the educational counselors.
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اسلوب حل المشكلات الاجتماعية وعلاقته بدرجة الذكاء ودافع الانجاز الدراسي لدى طلبة مرحلة الدراسة المتوسطة == The Method Of Problem - Solving And Its Elationship To The Degree Of Intelligence And The Motive Of Achievement By The Pupils At Intermediate Schools

Author name: حامد قاسم ريشان ال لاوي
Supervisor name: عياد اسماعيل صالح السامرائي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study is concerned with the possibility of realizing the relationship between the method of problems - solving as away of thinking and the motive of Achievement by the pupils at Intennediate school which is viewed as an essential factor in the process of teaching and learning\.It I attempts to grapes the relationship between the method of problems.sohfng i and degree of Intelligence for the same pupils and knowing whether s~1ch arelationship may affect the process of teaching and learning or nt.moreover the study tries to comprehend the effects of all above fac r$ chorally or individually upon such process so that specialists. d Educationalists could enrich all these aspects and direct them to achieves the our Edltcational goals.Case - sfud'l : lmporfance and need.It is widely accepted that all Educational institutions aim to train f~ qualify the pupils to be competent and able to think scientifically when HiFy· face any problem at schools and their society. this procedure cannot beabtained unless the ; : mpils are allowed to apply and practise such a way IOf dealing with problems. obriously such a task demands the cooperation of all the factors which are related with thinking process particulary such as jiu acceptedDeal of intelligence , the will and the motive of achievement.The relevance of such case - study can be attributed to : - I.problems - solving as away scientific thinking establishes a goo procedure to deal with all problems that face pupils in their life.2.Rarity of studies and research which tackled all the variable concerned with case - study.3. The study reveals the utmost relevance of the motive of achievemen which is regarded an important aspect of achievement an performance.4.The relevance of intelligence as a main feature of human beings that distinguishes them from other creatures. 5. The necessity of investigating all the three variables and recogni ·n I' the relationship among them since they are regarded as the fI 1ai factors that should work cooperatively to achieve the procers o • teaching and learning. 6. The relevance of adolescent stage as an essential element in 'the processes of creating and inventing and in the same time as a goo base for qualifying good people.The Aims of sfudlJThe study aims to achieve the following : I.understanding the motive achievement for the pupils concerned with the study.2.Recognizing the intelligence degree for pupils of participated in the study.3.Recognizing the relationship between the method of problems[ - solving and intelligence degree for these subjects included in the study. '4.Recognizing the relationship between the method of problem solving and the degree of the motive of achievement for the pu~ls shard in the study. •5 Understanding the relationship between intelligence degree and the degree of : he motive of achievement for those subjects included1in the study.Limifafion of the sfudlJ i The study limits it self to the following : II.it covers the intermediate and secondary school at Basrah city ( citf center and country - side ).2.students at the third year onely.3.Both sexes are engaged in the study (Males+ females) 4.Just the Academic year 2003 - 2004 AD.The procedure of the sf udlJ A - the sample of the study Tl1e study covered ( 230) intermediate and secondary school.( 23) school were chasen from the above number. that is to say ( 10%) percent o the total were included.smce the number of pupils was quite big ( 20' pupils there for we chose ( 208) pupils out of the total number.sowe alt I with ( 1 % ) percent o"the pupils.the subjects were ( 208) divided into ( 1?1)' males and (81) females. I' B. Study - toolsThe study depended upon certain tools ; such as II.A test of problems - solving ( Generating Ideas )written by At - Kubaysi - 1989 - After extracting its validity and reliability. 2.Ravin's test for serial matrix designed bascially for Iraqi environmtnt published by AL.Dabbagh eta! ( 1983) I3.A measure of the Motive of achievement for the preparatory sch~ol ' ' prepared by AI.Kinani ( 1979 ) After modifying it to suit the 1 intermediat<' : school and extracting its validity and reliability.Method of fesfifyinq validity and Rehabihy of the fools used in fhe ' study.1. content validity Such a kind of validity was testified through expasing the elemen~ of aboth of the techniques of the measure of motive of education and the testj of problems - solving to some specialists and experts in Education ~d psychology and those who are competent in measurement and evaluation.2. face validity Such a kind of validity was proved by trying - out the measure of motive of achievement and the test of problems - solving to some pupils at third y~ar of intennediate schools.The study covered ( 76 ) pupils divided ( 38) males and ( 38) females.3. Discriminative validity Such a kind of validity was extracted through testifying all the elements of the motive of achievement by choosing the (140) males and females.Reliabilitysample which consisted pf For extracting reliability of the tools used we re - tested our pupils atd we found that the value of reliability of the problems - solving test conducting in this concern was ( 0.87) while the value of reliability oft e motive of achievement was ( 0.82).Application of the measuPe Certain modificationand some changes have been done according to e suggestions offered by some specialists and experts in testing nd measurement before administering the test in order to be sure about ~he adequacy of best elements which distributed to the subjects ( 208) for sak~ of achieving the aims of study. The slolislicol Devices For conducting the data and other information used in the study cel)tai statistical devices were used.l. percentage. 2. Aritlunetic Mean.3. Standard Deviation.4. Person's correlation cofficient.5. T.Test.6. Bi Cofficient correlation.Results of the reseorc : hThe results obtained can be summarized as the following : 1. Managing tl~e first aim through distinguishing the motive f achievement for the pupils with in the sample.2. Proving the second aim through knowing the degree of intelligen e for the pupils concerned.3. The result of third aim has shown that a good relationship as noticed between the method of prolems - solving and the degre of intelligence for the subjects involved in the study. I4. For the fourth aim , the results have pointed out that t ere I is asignificant relationship between the method of problems - slo ng and the degree of motive of achievement for those pup ls ho shared the study.5. The reslts have shown also that there was asignificant relation hip between the degree of intelligence and the motive of achieve 'ent for those who shared the test. In the light of the result we have arrived at we can stress the followin~ : 1. it is quite necessary to measure intelligence degree for our pupils continuously.2. Stimulate the pupils and urge them to use the method ofproble1~s - solving and train teachers to apply well - developed techniqu.s i measurement and evaluation to help their pupils do a higher levf 1 o 1 achievement.At same time it is quite reasonable to point out thos i pupils who have done well and those who have not done well.3. We think that conducting such studies particularly which focus on! the relationship between the method of problems - solving an other variables such as sex differentiation , different localities ' stages , etc.4. Is quite important.furthennore , we believe that constructing an I designing several measures for pupil's achievement and payin ' more attention to moderize our techniques in solving problem;;; fo all the stages and school is also avital task in this concern.
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اساليب المعالجة المعرفية للمعلومات وعلاقتهما بالعادات الدراسية لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعداية

Author name: عياد اسماعيل صالح السامرائي
Supervisor name: حسين نوري الياسري
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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منظومة اختبارات لقياس الخصائص الشخصية للمرشدين التربويين - بناء وتطبيق == Building Testing Systems To Accept Students In Departments Of Psychological Counseling

Author name: هبة عبد الرضا حبش
Supervisor name: حامد قاسم ريشان
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Psychological And Educational Guidance
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اشارت الادبيات التي تناولت الارشاد النفسي بالدراسة والتحليل الى ضرورة امتلاك المرشد مجموعة من الكفايات المعرفية والادائية اللازمة لاداء عمله بشكل صحيح، مثل تقبل المسترشد والثقة به، والقدرة على مساعدة الاخرين بدون مقابل، والتسامح مع المسترشدين، والاتزان ال | The literature, which dealt with the study and analysis of psychological consultation, pointed out the importance of having an appropriate range of cognitive as well as per formative capabilities for the counselor to do his job appropriately, like accepting the counselee and trusting him/her, the capability of helping others for free, the tolerance with the counselee, and the emotional Stability in problem - solving.The educational consultation is an educational process carried out by professionals and specialists called "educational counselors" who should have certain characteristics and qualities. These characteristics and qualities should be reflected directly on the issue of nominating them for studying the educational consultation and in the process of training and preparing them for this work. Thus, the problem of the present study is the lack of tests and measurements suitable to accept the students in the departments of psychological consultation. It is important to have such psychometric tests as well as scientific and objective questionnaires that could measure, screen and diagnose the characteristics that should be available in the psychological counselor (which should be on the basis of accepting a student in these departments). This issue leads to achieve the aims of the psychological consultation because of which the present study is important.The present study aims at identifying the following : 1. Constructing a system of tests prepared accepting the students in the departments of psychological consultation2. Measuring the counselors' level of performance which includes the following objectives : A. Knowing the emotional Stability of the educational counselors. B. Knowing the tolerance level of the counselors.C. knowing the counselors' level of orientation towards helping D. Knowing the level of personal characteristics appreciation card of educational counselors.The population of the present study includes (371) counselors, both males and females in the province of Basra, for the academic year (2014 - 2015). The sample of this study composed of (300) counselors. The researcher divided the sample randomly into two groups : construction sample (which includes 150 counselors), and the sample of the final application (which includes 150 counselors).In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher has built a four - standard test system which are the standard of emotional equilibrium, tolerance, orientation towards help, and the personal characteristics appreciation card of counselors). The researcher has depended in her construction on Rogers' theory.After doing the construction application, the researcher found psychometric characteristics through calculating the content sincerity, the virtual truthfulness, and the strength of discrimination. Also, she calculated the internal consistency of the items of the system, and the truthfulness of the constructors ,and Factor analysis. Then, she calculated the stability through retesting a sample of (40) counselors. The stability was (0.833),With the value of the coefficient of reliability a measure of emotional equilibrium (0,880) ,the (0,762) to measure tolerance, and (0,712) to measure of orientation towards helping ,and (0,889)measure of personal characteristics appreciation card of educational counselors ,The data was dealt with by using (spss) , T. test for one sample group, Pearson's correlation co efficiency, T. test for the correlation co efficiency , and a T. test for two independent sample groups equal in number.through using all of these, the researcher concluded the following : 1. Constructing a system of tests to accept the students in the departments of psychological counseling departments.2. The members of the sample have a higher level than the virtual standard level of the system of tests. 3. The members of the sample have a higher level than the virtual standard level of emotional Stability.4. The members of the sample have a higher level than the virtual standard level of tolerance.5. The members of the sample have a higher level than the virtual standard level of orientation towards helping.6. The members of the sample have a higher level than the virtual standard level of personal characteristics appreciation card of educational counselors. The researcher found in light of these results to a set of recommendations and suggestions
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مركز التحكم وعلاقته ببعض المتغيرات لدى طلبة مرحلة الدراسية الاعداية

Author name: عبد السجاد عبد عبد السادة البدران
Supervisor name: مها حسين يوسف سالم البدر
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: People can be classified according to their locus of control in!o tow groups. The first group feels that their behavior is a result of their determination. The second group believe that the outcome of their behavior doesn't depend upon their actioi1s and conduct.They believe that there is an external power that controls their actions and behavior. ·Among there powers are fortune, opportunity, and power.The second variable is the test anxiety, which can be seen clearly when hindering the suitable performance.The problem of the present thesis is to detennine the relationship between losus of control and test anxiety, which can be considered as determinants of psychological health. The researcher inquires whether the individual locus of control has changer and test anxiety increased where subjected to external pressures.Locus of control is one of the important aspects in regulating human expectations.Some studies and review of literature show that individuals with internal control have a clear vision for things around them.The is a relationship between test anxiety and locus of control and the latter is affected by previous experience and family raising methods.The association between locus of control and test anxiety adds another importance to the study, because test anxiety represents a behavioral indicntor when related to performance. The result of the present study will provide the following : - 1. To know locus of control in students.2. To study test anxiety being a cause for low achievement.3. To provide in formation for teachers and consultants to design their counseling programs to change students' locus of control.The study investigates the following : 1. The relationship between locus of control and test anxiety in the sample.2. The effect of students specialization (scientific - literary) and sex (male - female) on the scales oflosus of control and test anxiety.Male and female sixth year students (scientific - Literary) Were chojen from the schools of Basrah center for the academic year 2000 - 200 I.The researcher has made sure of the validity and reliability of the two instruments he used. They are : Locus of control scale that consists of 28 items test ;mxiety scales which consists of 40 items.The researcher has applied these scales on a raudom sample of 376 students from Basrah center high schools.There is a significant difference between external locus of control am test anxiety in the sample. Students of the scientific branch have an interna direction and locus of control scale. There is no significant difference be!wcet male and female students and their specialization on anxiety scale. Finally, the researcher arrived at some recommendations related lo th educational and practical fields.
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