Show: 25 50 75 100 Results

Search results: 25 out of 295

دراسة تراكيز بعض العناصر الثقيلة في الدودة الشريطية Raillietina tetragona المتطفلة في الحمام الطوراني Columba livia == The Studyof Some Heavy Metal's Concentrations in Tapeworms Raillietina tetragona Parasitized on Columba livia

Author name: شيماء رحيم حسين البوسعبر
Supervisor name: هيثم محمد حمادي العوادي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

بعض الدراسات المناعية والجزيئية والوبائية لداء اللشمانيا الحشوي لدى الاطفال في منطقة الفرات الاوسط

Author name: رشا عامر نوري الطفيلي
Supervisor name: هاشم رحيم طارش
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

دراسة وبائية لطفيلي الابواغ الخبيئة Cryptosporidium parvum في مدينة الحلة == An Epidemiological Study of Cryptosporidium parvum In Hilla City

Author name: صبا فاضل علي مهدي معله
Supervisor name: جاسم حميد رحمة الخزاعي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

التشخيص الجزيئي لطفيليات Sarcocystis spp في الجواميس Bubalus bubalisواختبار كفاءة مستضداتها في التشخيص المصلي و دورها في التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي في الانسان == Molecular identification of Sarcocystis spp. parasites in Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and evaluation of their antigens in serological diagnosis and their role in rheumatoid arthritis in human

Author name: هدى غانم داخل
Supervisor name: فوزية علي عبد الله
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

المجموعة الحيوانية المتطفلة في بعض انواع اسماك نهر ديالى في محافظة ديالى, العراق == Parasitic Fauna of Some Fish Species from Diyala River in Diyala Province

Author name: حيدر جاسم محمد
Supervisor name: عبد علي جنزيل جبارة الساعدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

استخدام حليب الابل ومستضد اللشمانيا كمعدل مناعي ضد الخمج باللشمانيا الاحشائية Leishmania donovani في ذكور الفئران المختبرية سلالة Balb/c == Use camel’s milk and Leismania antigen as immune dulator agents against infection of Leishmania donovania in male mice of Balb /c strain

Author name: امل فالح هاشم الجوراني
Supervisor name: بسعاد عقرب العبودي | خالد كاطع الفرطوسي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:

الممرضات الداخلية المسببة لحالات الاسهال لدى الاعمار من 1 - 15 سنة في مدينة بغداد

Author name: مروة محمد نصري التميمي
Supervisor name: سلوى صبر محسن
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The diarrhea is Enteropathy characterized liquidity abnormal,because of the increases by the movement of colon in the general way, may be represent a good sign to the Enteropathy like the Entamoeba histolytica disease, viruses Enteropathogen and bacteria,The diarrhea and associated of droughts state remains the major problem to the job of medial health in the medial east especially in the age under 5 years old.This study design to study the reason of the diarrhea and diagnosis and the effect result of it in the children under 15 years old, theirs patient from (learn hospital of alemamenalkadoman) in the city of Baghdad from 25/4/2014 to 1/10/2014 period of time, the study represent 103 sample of Stool and blood from children between (>1 - 15)years wasSufferers from diarrhea state, this state diagnose with infection of parasite (E.histolytica, G.lamblia, and others), Rotaviruses and bacteria E.coli.It use the general stool examination direct (by eyes) and in direct (by microscope) to diagnose the antigen of rotaviruses in stool, Either the blood sample store in two tube one of it contain EDTA use to CBC, Pcv, Hb, w.b.c, ABO group measure, and the second one is empty from the EDTA use to ayanlsys serum to measure (CRP) and Interleukin in the patient diarrhea.From summation of 103 found that 50 (48.54%) infected by intestinal protozoa, 41 (39.80%) infected by Rotaviruses, 9 (8.73%) infected by mixed (Parasite + Rotavirus), 3 (2.91%) infected by bacteria E.coli.50 sample infected by intestinal protozoa (42 sample is infected with one Species of parasite and 8 sample of stool continue two type of the parasite), the highest ration of infection was E.histolytica 50%, G.lamblia 38.10%, Blastocystis hominis 7.14%, and the lowestBalantidium coli 4.76%, the study recode the highest ration of mixed infected (Parasite + Rotavirus) was between G.lamblia + Rotavirus 33.33%.In This study present we found highest deference between male and female in the infection of parasite and rotavirus, male record (62 - 60)% and female (38 - 40)% on series, mixed infected (parasite + Rotavirus) Reached to the female 55.56% and this is the highest ration infection from the male 44.44%, notice that there is high Significant difference in the ratio of infection between the Age groups of the groups studied at the probability of p<0.01, where recording rotavirus infection IIhigher ratio infection in the Age groups (1 - 5) year 66,67% and less ratio 11,11% where age groups less than year, but the parasite infection only was more age group infected liable (more than 5) year with ratio 56% and smallest ratio for age group (less than year) 18%. And in the result media use (L.E) to culture E.histolytica and discover from the study , this media don’t provide good environment to maintain the parasite and resolve it for a limited period without multiplication or increase in number is it, in the case of trophzoite stage culture it stay with out - increases in the number is for one day only and after bass 24 hour transfer to the cyst stage and remain bass 3 day only and despair in the fourth day, while in culture of cyst stage Found that Noway to transform to the trophzoite stage like it happen in the human body but stay in the case of cyst stage on states. With condition E.histolytica that the Stool samples continue blood and mucous only to contain a lot off mass from the trophzoite stage and this stage only can be increases causes increase in number.Noted that this culture never dedicated only to the cultivation E.histolytica but noted the trophzoite stage exist for parasite B.coli in this stage and when culture sample from Stool contain B.coli and remain this stage Governor of the trophozoite stage for a period of two days.Either for the blood type test has been shown by the study, the highest percentage recorded rotaviruses injury in people living with antigen type A 39.59%, 39% and 44.44% for parasitic and rotavirus infections and joint respectively.And gave a hemoglobin level of Hb and size precipitation of red blood cells PCV lowest level at co - infection (parasit + rotavirus), followed by rotaviral and parasitic infection compared with control group P <0.05. Showed parasitic infection and joint significant difference in the total number of white blood cells when the probability of P <0.05, either rotaviral infection did not give a significant difference with the control group.The results of the present study about differential count of white blood cells, showed no significant difference comparing with study groups, but showed significant difference within the three groups with control group that remain the value of the Moral difference p<0.05 When all of the (Neutrophil ،Basophile ،Eosenophil)However, it did not register significant difference when cells Lymphocyte.When statistical analysis when studying some immunological changes associated with injuries intestinal regarding the number of days that lasted the case of diarrhea, and by which they can determine if the injury was severe diarrhea or chronic, and that gave significant difference (1 - 2) day P <0.01 when (3 - 4) day and (more than 4) on the value of the differences P <0.05.log CRP level of rotavirus infections 31.70%, 0.52% for infections with parasite, 88.89% of the common injuries (parasitic + viral) gave at P <0.01 probability asignificant differences.The results of the study of some of the dynamics of cellular aggregates of the study and its relationship to the immune response. Observed statistically significant at the use of IL - 10 three of its study groups recorded a significant P <0.05 was higher at 1.22% viral infection compared to the control group. Parasitic infection and did not record any significant difference.And log IL - 17A highest percentage increase at the joint injury, and there is no significant difference between the incidence of parasitic and viral infection.For IL - 33 infection joint highest recorded percentage of injury followed by a parasitic infection and finally viral. and IL - 4 infection shared the highest rate, followed by injury viral recorded and finally parasitic and gave moral difference P <0.05 and finally INF - gama, which did not record any significant differences when comparing the groups study together but gave at P <0.01probability moral differences with group of control when compared recorded the highest common injury is also high.

دراسة بعض الجوانب المناعية لمرضى داء الاكياس العدرية == Study of Immunological Aspects in Patients with Hydatidosis

Author name: لمياء علي حسين
Supervisor name: وحيدة رشيد علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: شملت الدراسة 102 شخص منهم 52 مريضا مصابا بالاكياس العدرية (43 اناثا وتسعة ذكور) من المراجعين لوحدة الجراحة في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي ومستشفى الشهيد غازي الحريري ومستشفى بعقوبة التعليمي الذين ثبتت اصابتهم جراحيا بالاكياس العدرية للمدة من الاول من ايلول 2014لغاية الاول من تموز 2015، وتم متابعة هؤلاء المرضى (52 مريضا) بعد ازالة الاكياس العدرية جراحيا، وكان اصغر عمر للاصابة خمس سنوات واكبر عمر 60 سنة, كما شملت الدراسة 50 شخصا من الاصحاء كمجموعة سيطرة منسجمين عمرا وجنسا (40 اناثا و10 ذكور), حيث سجلت لهم بعض الخواص الديموغرافية(الجنس, العمر, والمهنة), واجريت الفحوصات الدمية والبايوكيمياوية والمناعية على عينات الدم الماخوذة من مجاميع الدراسة. اظهرت النتائج ان نسبة حدوث الاصابة بمرض بالاكياس العدرية في الاناث (82.69%) اعلى منها في الذكور (17.31%)، وان النسبة الاكبر للاصابة كانت في الاعمار التي تتراوح بين 16 - 45 سنة مع ظهور فروق معنوية بين الفئات العمرية والجنس، اما عن علاقة المهنة في الاصابة بالمرض فقد وجد ان اعلى نسبة اصابة كانت في ربات البيوت (65.38%). ان نسبة حدوث الاصابة بالكبد (83.05%) اعلى من نسبتها في الاعضاء الاخرى , تليه الكلية (6.78 %)، واصابة الفص الايمن من الكبد (68.85 %) اعلى مما عليه في الفص الايسر(31.15 %), كما ان نسبة تواجد الكيس المتوسط القطر (6 - 10سم) اعلى مما عليه من الاكياس الكبيرة 15 - 11) سم) والصغيرة 5 - 1) سم). كان هناك ارتفاعا معنويا في معدل كل من الخلايا احادية النواة، الخلايا العدلة والخلايا القعدة لدى المرضى قبل الجراحة بالمقارنة بعد 3 - 7 ايام من اجراء الجراحة للمرضى, ومجموعة السيطرة، ارتفعت معنويا سرعة ترسيب خلايا الدم الحمراء (ESR) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ومعدل بروتين الطور الفعال (CRP) C - Reactive Protein لدى مرضى الاكياس العدرية مقارنة بمعدلاتها لدى المرضى بعد الجراحة ومجموعة السيطرة. اما عن تاثير الاصابة بالاكياس العدرية في وظائف الكبد فقد وجد ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى انزيمات الكبد (AST) Aspartate Transaminase و(ALP) Alkaline Phosphatase في مصول المرضى قبل الجراحة مقارنة بالمرضى بعد الجراحة ومجموعة السيطرة. وعند التقصي عن دور بعض الحركيات الخلوية Cytokines والحركيات الكيميائية Chemokines وعامل النمو في الاستجابة المناعية ضد طفيلي المشوكة الحبيبية, اظهرت معدلات الحركيات الخلوية (IL - 10) Interleukine - 10, (IL - 6) Interleukin - 6 وكذلك (TNF - α) Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, (IL - 12) Interleukine - 12 وعامل النمو(TGF - β - 1) Transforming Growth Factor Beta - 1 والحركيات الكيميائية كلا من ,(IP - 10) Interferon Gamma Induced Protein - 10 (MCP - 1) Monocyte ,Chemotactic Protein - 1 (MIP - 1α) Macrophage Inflammatory Protein - ,1alpha (MIG) Monokine Induced Interferon Gama وجزيئات الالتصاق الداخل خلوية (ICAM - 1) Intera - cellular Adhesion Molecule ارتفاعا معنويا في مصول مرضى الاكياس العدرية قبل الجراحة مقارنة بمستواه بعد 3 - 7 ايام من الجراحة ومجموعة الاصحاء, في حين سجل الحركي الخلوي (IL - 17A) Interleukine - 17A انخفاضا معنويا. اعتمدت عدة تشخيص جديدة بتقنية فحص الادمصاص المناعي المرتبط بالانزيمEnzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) لكشف وتحديد تركيز المستضدات الدائرة (C Ag) Circulating antigens للكيس العدري في مصل مرضى الاكياس العدرية قبل وبعد التداخل الجراحي باستعمال الاضداد الناتجة من تمنيع الارانب بمستضدات السائل العدري Hydatid cyst fluid Antigens (HCF Ag) المعزولة من الاغنام المصابة طبيعيا، وتم تنقية الضد صنف(IgG) Gama Immunoglobuline الناتج من التمنيع من خلال كروماتوغرافيا التبادل الايوني Ion exchange chromatography.اظهرت النتائج زيادة معنوية في معدل تركيز المستضدات الدائرة في المصل قبل التداخل الجراحي (38.7 مايكروغرام /مل) مقارنة بتركيزها بعد التداخل الجراحي (25.7 مايكروغرام/ مل), وبمستوى احتمالية اقل من 0.01، وعليه شخصت الاصابة من خلال تواجد مستضدات الاكياس العدرية في 50 عينة مصل للمرضى من اصل 52 مريضا ونسبة 96.15 % قبل اجراء الجراحة، وتشخيص 48 عينة مصل من اصل 52 مريضا بنسبة 92.30% لمصل المرضى بعد 3 - 7 ايام من اجراء الجراحة, ان الكشف عن مستضدات الكيس العدري له اهمية في تقييم العلاج بعد الجراحة ونجاح استئصال الاكياس العدرية. | The present study included 102 person, 52 patients (43 females and 9 males) were surgically proven infected with hydatidosis when referred to the Surgery Units at Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Shahid Ghazi Al - Hariri hospital and Baquba General Hospital during the period from the 1st September 2014 to 1st of July 2015. The infected patients with hydatidosis (52 : 43 females and 9 males) followed during the present study post confirming the surgical diagnosis with hydatid cyst. The youngest patients were aged 5 years and the oldest were 60 years age. Fifty healthy peoples (40 females and 10 males) included the study as a control group. The demographic distribution of patients was recorded : Hematological, Biochemical and Immunological studies were performed on blood samples of studying groups (patients and control groups). The results showed a high significant increase in the incidence of infection with hydatid cyst among females (%82.29) more than males (%17.31). The highest age of hydatidosis patients was between 16 - 45 years with significant variations in infection between sex and age also the highest value recorded in house wives (65.83%). The distribution of hydatid cyst in infected patients revealed high percentage in liver (83.05%) , then kidney (6.78%), the infection in right lobe of liver (%68.85) higher than in left lobe (%31.15). The medium - sized of hydatid cyst (6 - 10cm) in diameter appeared more predominant than large cyst (11 - 15cm) and small cyst (1 - 5cm). The results of hematology were performed on blood samples of studying groups appeared a significant increase the mean values of monocyte, neutrophils, basophils, ESR (Erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and CRP ( C - Reactive protein), in hydatidosis patients before surgery compared to the post - operative patients after 3 - 7 days and compared with the healthy group. The mean values of Liver enzymes (AST and ALP) exhibited a significant elevation in hydatidosis patients were seen in pre - operative patients compared to post - operative patients and healthy control. The level of the cytokines IL - 6, IL - 10, IL - 12 ,TNF - α and chemokines MIP - 1, IP - 10 ,MIG, MCP - 1, ICAM - 1 and growth factor TGF - β showed a significant increase in pre - operative patients compared to the post - operative patients after 3 - 7 days and healthy control, while significant decrease was noticed in the level of IL - 17A. The results showed increase CAg (a specific circulating antigen) concentration in pre - operative patients (38.7µg/ml) than post - operative patients (25.7µg/ml) the difference was significant at P≤0.01. In the present study, the presence CAg in sera of hydatidosis patients with new kit by indirect ELISA was detected hydatid cyst antigen in pre - operative sera in 50 out of 52 (96.15%), the test demonstrated antigen in 48 out of 52(92.30%) postoperative sera collected on 3 - 7 days. Antigen detection assay might be a useful approach for assessment of the efficacy of treatment especially after removal of the cyst.

الاصابات الطفيلية في بعض اسماك نهر دجلة، منطقة الكريعات في محافظة بغداد, العراق == parasitic infections in some fishes from Tigris River, Al - Graiat location in Baghdad Province, Iraq

Author name: فاطمة خلف عطوان
Supervisor name: فاطمة خلف عطوان
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: جمعت خلال الدراسة الحالية 578 سمكة من منطقة الكريعات الواقعة على نهر دجلة في محافظة بغداد اثناء المدة من شهر تموز 2015 ولغاية نهاية شهر اذار 2016. تضمنت هذه الاسماك، التي تعود الى 19 نوعا : 140 سمكة بلعوط ملوكي، 118 سمكة خشني، 66 سمكة بنيني كبير الفم، 46 سمكة حمري، 42 سمكة كارب اعتيادي، 38 سمكة بلطي احمر البطن، 21 سمكة بلطي ازرق، 14 سمكة قطان، 12 سمكة شبوط، 12 سمكة بني، 12 سمكة بنيني صغير الفم، 11 سمكة ذهبية، 11 سمكة شلك، 7 اسماك عراض، 7 اسماك سمنان، 6 اسماك ابو الزمير، 5 اسماك ابو براطم، 5 اسماك جري لاسع و5 اسماك مرمريج. فحصت الاسماك خارجيا وداخليا لتشخيص طفيلياتها. بينت النتائج وجود 77 نوعا من الطفيليات تضمنت : 14 نوعا من حاملات الاهداب، 17 نوعا من البوغيات المخاطية، 41 نوعا من الطفيليات احادية المنشا، اربعة انواع من المخرمات ونوعا واحدا من الديدان شوكية الراس. تم في هذه الدراسة تسجيل 22 نوعا من الطفيليات لاول مرة في العراق، تضمنت اربعة انواع من حاملات الاهداب هي : Trichodina centrostrigeata، T. intermedia، T. urinaria وTripartiella rhombi، عشرة انواع من البوغيات المخاطية هي : Myxobilatus baicalensis،Myxobolus bizerti ،M. branchialis ، M. chuatsi،M. dermatobius ، M. exiguus،M. kubanicum ،M. niei ، M. sphaerocapsularis وM. squamae، ثمانية انــــــواع مــــــن الطــــــفـــيـليات احادية المــــــنشا هــــي : Cichlidogyrus sclerosus، C. tilapiae، Dactylogyrus lenkoranoides،Gyrodactylus comephori، G. ibragimovi، G. macronychus، G. masu وParadiplozoon megalobramae. كما عد 50 نوعا من الاسماك مضيفات جديدة في العراق لـ 30 نوعا من الطفيليات.اظهرت انواع الطفيليات المسجلة في هذه الدراسة اختلافا في مواقع تطفلها في او على اجسام مضيفاتها، كما تباينت في نسب وشدد اصابتها للمضيفات المختلفة من الاسماك، كما بينت الدراسة الحالية وجود تباين في انواع واعداد الطفيليات التي تصيب انواع الاسماك، اذ كانت اسماك الكارب الاعتيادي والخشني مصابة باكبر عدد من انواع الطفيليات (21)، يليها كل من الشبوط والحمري (13)، وسمكة القطان (12)، وكل من البلعوط الملوكي وابو براطم والبنيني كبير الفم (11)، والبلطي احمر البطن (عشرة)، والسمكة الذهبية (خمسة)، وكل من البني والعراض (ثلاثة)، والشلك (اثنين)، وكل من البنيني صغير الفم والبلطي الازرق وابو الزمير والمرمريج والسمنان مصابة بنوع واحدا من الطفيليات، في حين لم تسجل اصابة باي نوع من الطفيليات في الجري اللاسع. | During the present investigation, a total of 578 fishes were collected from Al - Graiat location on the Tigris river at Baghdad province during the period from July 2015 until the end of March 2016. These fishes, which belonged to 19 species, included : 140 Chondrostoma regium, 118 Planiliza abu, 66 Cyprinion macrostomum, 46 Carasobarbus luteus, 42 Cyprinus carpio, 38 Coptodon zillii, 21 Oreochromis aureus, 14 Luciobarbus xanthopterus, 12 Arabibarbus grypus, 12 Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi, 12 Cyprinion kais, 11 Carassius auratus, 11 Leuciscus vorax, seven Acanthobrama marmid, seven Alburnus mossulensis, six Mystus pelusius, five Heteropneustes fossilis, five Barbus barbulus and five Mastacembelus mastacembelus. These fishes were externally and internally examined to identify their parasites. The results showed the presence of 77 species of parasites which included : 14 species of Ciliophora, 17 species of Myxozoa, 41 species of Monogenea, four species of Trematoda and one species of Acanthocephala. Among these parasites, 22 species were recorded for the first time in Iraq. These included : four species of Ciliophora (Trichodina centrostrigeata, T. intermedia, T. urinaria and Tripartiella rhombi), ten species of Myxozoa (Myxobilatus baicalensis, Myxobolus bizerti, M. branchialis, M. chuatsi, M. dermatobius, M. exiguus, M. kubanicum, M. niei, M. macrocapsularis and M. squamae), eight species of Monogenea (Cichlidogyrus sclerosus, C. tilapiae, Dactylogyrus lenkoranoides, Gyrodactylus comephori, G. ibragimovi, G. macronychus, G. masu and Paradiplozoon megalobramae). Also, 50 species of fishes were regarded as new hosts for 30 species of these studied parasites. The present study appeared a difference according to the site of infection on or in their hosts as well as in their prevalence and intensity of infections to their fish hosts, and showed verified in number and species of parasites that infected fishes. Among the infected fishes cyprinus carpio and Planiliza abu harbored the highest number of parasites species (21), followed by Arabibarbus grypus and Carasobarbus luteus (13), Luciobarbus xanthopterus (12), Chondrostoma regium and Barbus barbulus and Cyprinion macrostomum (11), Coptodon zillii (10), Carassius auratus (5), both of Acanthobrama marmid and Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (3), Leuciscus vorax (2), both of Alburnus mossulensis and Cyprinion kais and Mastacembelus mastacembelus and Mystus pelusius and Oreochromis aureus (1), but there is no infection appeared with parasites in Heteropneustes fossilis.

دراسة بعض الجوانب المناعية والجزيئية في المرضى المصابين بداء المقوسات العيني == Study of some Immunological and Molecular Aspects in Ocular Toxoplasmosis Patients

Author name: علي نزار ياسين
Supervisor name: اسراء قاسم العبيدي | وحيدة رشيد علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The current study was conducted on 179 patients who attended the Retina Unit in Ibn Al - Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital in Baghdad from the beginning of March to the end of September 2014. The patients were divided a according to the clinical diagnosis to 3 roups; the first included 50 patients infected with ocular toxoplasmosis(OT) while 45 patients with uveitis ; In addition a control group was of 84 apparently healthy individuals (they don’t have any infection in their eyes.) was included. The sera patients were initially diagnosed by immune Latex test. The results showed that all the ocular toxoplasmosis patients (100%) were positive while none of the uveitis patients gave positive result, In control group,30 cases were infected with toxoplasmosis(35.7%) with a significant differences between the three groups (p<0.01). ELISA test results for specific T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies for were 84% positive to ocular toxoplasmosis as 42 patients versus 16% as 8 cases with negative test, while the positive rate in uveitis patients was 31.1% and considered as positive uveitis group, versus 31 negative case with rate 68.9%.The control group was reevaluated showed 35 positive case from 84 and formed a group called Asymptomatic toxoplasmosis. The levels of specific IgG and IgM were measured by international unit / ml.for all groups. The IgG level was 1.661 ± 0.187 IU/ml. in O.T. group followed by positive uveitis group 1.596 ± 0.157 and Asymptomatic toxoplasmosis group 1.501± 0.257 while negative uveitis group and control were recorded 0.389± 0.190 and 0.350 ± 0.167 respectively.IgM levels were increase in O.T. group 1.922 ±0.510 followed by positive uveitis group 1.867 ± 0.061 then asymptomatic toxoplasmosis came 1.744 ± 0.070. Finally the negative uveitis and control groups were registered 0.632 ± 0.166 and 0.618 ± 0.236 respectively.The study of some properties, coupled with ocular toxoplasmosis, including the sex and age for positive IgG antibody groups as it reflected the probability of female to male rate of 74.28% and 25.72%, respectively for OT group, while positive uveitis 58.33% and 41.67% respectively. Asymptomatic toxoplasmosis group has recorded 53.33% and 46.67%, respectively, with no significant differences between the three groups. The age variable has the results of the current study showed no significant differences between positive IgG antibody groups, as OT group focused within the age range 40 - 49 years and 60 - 70 years and similar rate of 22.88%, while positive uveitis and asymptomatic toxoplasmosis groups focused within at the age range 20 - 29 years and 33.33% and 30% respectively. As for positive IgM antibody groups and sex differences, with no significant differences recorded as OT group of males 71.43% and females 28.57%, while asymptomatic toxoplasmosis group 60% for males and 40% for females recorded. The positive uveitisgroup was limited to females only 100%. As well as not significant differences between positive IgM antibody groups were recorded for variable of age as it was OT group within the age range 30 - 39 years and 50 - 59 years with a similar rate 28.57% and 40 - 49 years by 42.86%. As positive uveitis group was within the age range 20 - 29 years and 30 - 39 years, with a similar rate 50%, while asymptomatic toxoplasmosis group within the age range 20 - 29 years and 30 - 39 years, with a similar rate of 40% and 40 - 49 years by 20%.Investigation of a specific part of B1 gene in size 469 base pair for positive cases to ELISA test was done by conventional PCR test. O.T. group recorded 10 positive results from 42 patients in 23.8% percent, while positive uveitis group that has 14 patients in which only 3 positive cases in 21.4 percent. Three positive cases was recorded also in asymptomatic toxoplasmosis group in 8.6% percent. No significant differences for this test between studied groups in probability (p.0.05). Real - time PCR was applied also on a positive studied groups to ELISA test also.O.T. group recorded 14 positive case in 33.3% percent, positive uveitis and asymptomatic toxoplasmosis registered only 7 case in rate 50% and 20% respectively, No significant differences for real - time PCR in probability (p.0.05) between the three groups.The present study included als o that contain measuring changes in thelevels of some cytokines that estimated by pg. /ml. for all studied groups.The level of IL - 4 in positive uveitis group reached to 28.22 ± 7.74 followed by asymptomatic toxoplasmosis group 26.72 ± 3.72.then O.T.group 21.39 ± 5.03 while negative uveitis group reached a concentration 16.17 ± 5.66,control group came finally and reached lowest concentration 5.08 ± 2.8.High level of IL - 6 was in O.T. group 33.09 ± 19.57 and positive uveitis group 22.26 ± 9.74 then asymptomatic toxoplasmosis 16.83± 6.06, negative uveitis registered 15.94 ± 6.11,control group came to record the lowest concentration 11.70 ± 5.44. An increase in IL - 10 was record in O.T.gruop 24.24 ± 6.27 followed by negative uveitis group 21.35 ±7.64 then asymptomatic toxoplasmosis group 19.15± 3.95 while positive uveitis showed a level 17.65 ± 2.75,the lowest level was in control group 14.28 ± 2.79. High level of Interferon - gamma Inducible Protein - 10 ( IP - 10 ) was got in O.T. group in a concentration 22.66 ± 3.48followed by positive uveitis group 17.09 ± 1.97, then negative uveitis group 16.91± 3.02. Asymptomatic toxoplasmosis group reached 16.89 ± 2.46 and lowest concentration in control group 14.78 ± 2.26.Granulocytes - macrophages colonies stimulating ( GM - CSF) registered a highest level in positive uveitis 47.44 ± 15.04 followed by O.T. group 45.14 ±10.05 the negative uveitis group 43.12± 9.35 and Asymptomatic toxoplasmosis record 39.26± 12.03 while control group the lowest concentration 29.44± 5.29.There were no significant differences between the studied groups (p.0.05). in the levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF).

دراسة اولية لتقدير فعالية مواد (نباتية ، كيمياوية ، مستضدية) في خمجية طفيلي الاكياس المائية في محاولة لاستخدامها علاجيا == Primitive study to determine material efficiency) plant , chemical , antigen ( in Echinococcus granulosus infection as an a tempt to curing application

Author name: خلود ناجي رشيد التكريتي
Supervisor name: بدر محمد عباس العزاوي | ندى محمد طه البشير
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: استهدفت هذه الدراسة علاج مرض الاكياس المائية Hydatidosis المتسبب عن الطور اليرقي للمشوكة الحبيبية Echinococcus granulosus اذ تضمنت محورين : - الاول : علاج المـــرض كـــدواء وشمـــل جانبيـــن : .1 استخــدام مســـتخلصين نباتييـــن مائييــن ( اوراق الاس Myrtus communis وبــذور الحبـــة الســـوداء Nigella sativa ) ..2 استـــخــــدام مستحضـــر كيمياوي ( عقار S2 - Complex) . فقـد درس تاثير المستخلصين النباتيين المائيين والعقار في حيوية الرؤيسات الاولية Protoscolices لطفيلي E. granulosus خارج الجسم in vitro وبواقع خمسة تراكيـز لكل منهم تراوحت ما بيـن (30 ، 35 ، 40 ، 45 ، 50) ملغم/مل للمستخلصيـن النباتييـــن و(2.3 ، 3.3 ، 4.3 ، 5.3 ، 6.3) ملغم/مل للعقار ، كما درسـت فعالية وقدرة المستخلصين النباتيين المائيين والعقار في السيطرة على خمجية الطفيلي داخـل الجسـم in vivo وبواقـع تركيزين لكـل منهـم تراوحت ما بيـن } (12,6) ، (25,12) ، (0.36,0.18) { ملغم/مل من مستخلص اوراق الاس وبذور الحبة السوداء والعقار S - 2 على التوالي .الثاني : علاج المـــرض كلقاح : حيث تـم استخلاص مستضدين من الطور اليرقي للطفيلي موضوع البحث ، هما مستضد سائـل الكيـس المائـي Hydatid cyst fluid antigen ومستضـد طبقات جدار الكيـس المائـي Hydatid cyst wall layers antigen فـي محاولـة لتمنيــع الفئــران المختبرية ضد الخمج بالاكياس المائية . وتم تقييم حدة الخمج بدلالة بعض المقاييس الحياتية مثـل : معـدل عـدد وقطـر الاكياس المائيـة الثانويـة والنسبـة المئويـة لاختزالها وقياس مؤشـر تضخـم الطحال والكبـد وقياس معـدل الفعاليـة الانزيميـة لانزيمي (ADA) Adenosine deaminase و(ALP) Alkaline phosphatase كمؤشرين كيميائيين حياتيين لحالة الخمج ولفترات زمنية معينة وكذلك الفحص النسيجي للكبد والطحال والكليـة والرئـة . وقـــد اظهـرت نتائج الدراسة خارج الجسـم in vitro ان المستخلص المائـي لاوراق الاس كان الاكثر فعالية في ايقاف حيوية الرؤيسات الاولية يليه المستخلص المائي لبـذور الحبـة السـوداء ثـم العقار S - 2 عنـد استخـدام التراكيـز المختلفـة لكـل منهــم مقارنــة بحالـة السيطـرة ، فــي حيـن اظهـرت نتائج الدراسة داخل الجسم in vivo قـدرة العقار S2 - Complex فـي الحـد مـن انتشار الاكياس المائية الثانوية من خلال تثبيط اعدادها واحجامها في الكبد والاحشاء الداخليـة ، يليـه المستخلص المائي لاوراق الاس ثم المستخلص المائـي لبـذور الحبـة السـوداء من حيث القدرة التثبيطية للخمج مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة . اما نتائج استخدام المستضدين المستخلصين مــن الطـور اليرقـي فقـد اظهرت كفاءة مستضد سائل الكيس المائي HF في رفع القوة التمنيعية من خلال قدرة الفئران على توجيه مقاومة فعالة ضد الخمج فكانت النسبة المئوية لاختزال عدد الاكياس المائية (100)% اي انه اعطى مناعة تامـة ضد الخمج ، في حين ان مستضد طبقات جدار الكيس المائي HCL اعطى نسبة اختزال (94.37)% ، وقد جرى استخدام معدلين مناعيين لاغراض السيطرة : هما لقاح الســل البقــري (BCG) Bacilli Calmette Guerin ومادة النشا Starch ، فقـد اظهر لقاح BCG نسبة اختزال لاعداد الاكياس المائية الثانوية بلغت (53.83)% في حين اظهـرت مادة النشا نسبــة اختـزال بلغت (21.29)% قياسا لمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة . وبشكل عام فالنتائــج المستحصلــة تشيــر الــى القــدرة العالية للعقار S2 - Complex فـي تثبيـط تطـور الاكياس المائيـة الثانويـة ، كما تظهـر الفعالية الكبيـرة لمستضـد سائـل الكيـس المائي وكفاءته العالية في تحفيز مناعة تامـة ضد الخمج ، مما يوحي بامكانية استخدامها مستقبلا في الوقاية ضد مرض الاكياس المائية اذا ما تبعت هذه الدراسة بدراسات تطبيقيـة اخرى فـي مضائـف اخـرى . | This study aimed treat the Hydatidosis disease caused by larval stage of the Echinococcus granulosus. It included two axes : First : treatment of the disease using medicine which involved two aspects : A) Using water extracts of two plants (leaves of Myrtus communis,seeds of Nigella sativa).B) Using chemical substance (S2 - Complex drug) .The effect of those two extracts and the drug had been studied on the protoscolices viability for E. granulosus in vitro using five concentrations for each of them ranging between (30,35,40,45,50) mg/ml for the two plants extracts and (2.3,3.3,4.3,5.3,6.3) mg/ml for the substance . The effectiveness and ability of the two extracts and substance were studied in order to control the infection in vivo using two concentrations for each ranging between[(12,6),(25,12),(0.36,0.18)] mg/ml for the leave extracts of M. communis , seed extracts of N. sativa and the drug S - 2 receptively .Second : treatment of the disease using vaccine : Two antigens were extracted from the larval stage of the parasite under study. Those are hydatid cyst fluid antigen (antigen HF)and hydatid cyst wall layers antigen (antigen HCL) this was in an attempt to immunize laboratory mice against infection with Hydatidosis This study evaluated the infection intensity by using some biological standards as : The average number and diameter of hydatid cysts and its reduction percentage ratio ; measuring the indicator of liver and spleen hypertrophy ; measuring the average of the enzyme activity for Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) as biochemical indicators for the infection state , during a period of time, in addition to tissue investigated for liver, spleen, kidney and lung .The conclusion of this study represented that the extract of M. communis was the most effective to stop the protoscolices viability ; followed by the extract of the N. sativa and finally the drug S - 2 when different concentrations were used for each of them compared with the control state. Whereas the results in vivo presented the ability of S2 - Complex drug to limit the distribution of hydatid cysts by inhibition their numbers and volumes in the liver and the visceral organs followed by water extracts of M.communis and water extracts of N. sativa according to the inhibition ability for infection compared to the positive control group. However the results of uses antigen extracted from the larval stage showed efficiency of antigen HF to increase immunization strength through mice capability having an active resistant against infection . The percentage of reducing the number of hydatid cysts was (100)% . It means that this antigen give absolute immunization against infection . However the antigen HCL gave a reduction ration (94.37)% . Then we used two immunomodulators as a control, They are BCG vaccine and Starch, The BCG vaccine present a reduction ratio for the hydatid cysts numbers reached (53.83)% while Starch represent a reduction ratio reached (21.29)% compared with the positive control group .Generally the results indicated to the S2 - Complex high capacity in frustrating the development of the hydatid cysts. Also it showed the large activity of antigen HF and its high capability for catalysis absolute immunity against infection. This can be used in prevention against the Hydatidosis disease if this study followed by another application studies in other fields .

دراسة كيمونسجية مناعية وعلاجية في الفئران الممنعة والمصابة بالاكياس العدرية == Immunohistochemical and Therapeutic Study in Immunized and Infected Mice With Hydatid Cyst

Author name: افراح عبد الامير صادق العامري
Supervisor name: وحيدة رشيد علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة الحالية جوانب اساسية للاصابة بالاكياس العدرية الثانوية لـ 120 فارا من ذكور الفئران البيض Mus musculusسلالة Balb/c، شمل الجانب الاول تحديد دور التمنيع في الجوانب الدموية كالعد التفريقي لخلايا الدم البيض والجوانب المناعية كفرط الحساسية الاجلة ومعامل البلعمة. اوضحت نتائج العد التفريقي ارتفاعا ملحوظا في اعداد الخلايا اللمفاوية بنسبة 64.75% مع حدوث تباين في اعداد الخلايا احادية النواة والحمضة وانخفاضا في اعداد الخلايا العدلة ليصل 32% في مجموعة الفئران الممنعة والمجرعة بمضادات الاكسدة. وفيما يتعلق بالاستجابة المناعية الخلوية المتخصصة المتمثلة بقياس فرط الحساسية الاجلة في وسادة القدم اليسرى، اظهرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية حصول ارتفاع في معدل سمك وسادة القدم في الفئران الممنعة والمجرعة بمضادات الاكسدة ، مع ارتفاع في معامل البلعمة بنسبة 74% مقارنة بفئران السيطرة السالبة، فضلا عن التغيرات العيانية لتلك المجموعة ومن ثم انعكس ايجابيا على المظهر الخارجي وحركة الفئران ووزنها وقابليتها على التغذية وعليه اصيبت تلك الفئران تجريبيا بداء الاكياس العدرية الثانوية من خلال الحقن داخل الخلب (البريتون) بـ 2000 رؤيس اولي من اكباد ورئات اغنام مصابة طبيعيا بالاكياس العدرية. اما الجانب الثاني من الدراسة تمثل بمعالجة الفئران المصابة بثلاثة عقاقير من مشتقات البنزيميدازول والايزوكوينولين هي الالبندازول ((ABZ والاوكسفيندازول (OFZ) والبرازكوينتل (PZQ) ومتابعة بعض الجوانب الدموية والمناعية في الفئران بعد الاصابة والتمنيع والمعالجة، وشملت العد التفريقي لخلايا الدم البيض، اختبار فرط الحساسية الاجلة، معدل معامل البلعمة، اختبار النوى الصغيرة واختبار الانتشار المناعي في الهلام. سجلت مجموعة الفئران المعاملة بعقارOFZ وOFZ+PZQ ارتفاع النسب المئوية للعدلات وانخفاض الخلايا اللمفاوية مقارنة مع فئران مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة، وسجلت زيادة في سمك وسادة القدم اليسرى بعد 24 ساعة مقارنة بالمجاميع الاخرى ومقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة، وسجلت زيادة معنوية في معدل معامل البلعمة في مجموعة الفئران المعاملة OFZ (53.17%) ومجموعة الفئران المعاملة OFZ+PZQ (71.5%) وانخفاضا معنويا في معدل النوى الصغيرة (28% و29.1%، على التوالي) مقارنة مع الفئران المعاملة بـOFZ+ABZ وABZ+PZQ، مما يدل على كفاءة المعالجة بعقار OFZ بشكل مفرد او متحد. اما الجانب الثالث فتمثل بدراسة تاثير الاصابة بالاكياس العدرية والعلاجات الكيميائية المختلفة في وظائف الكبد اذ اظهرت الدراسة ان انزيمات الكبد وهي AST وALT وALP فضلا عن مستوى البيليروبين الكلي والمباشر في مصل الفئران المعاملة بـ OFZ وبـ OFZ+PZQ كانت نتائجها اقرب الى السيطرة السالبة مقارنة مع المجموعتين OFZ+ABZ وABZ+PZQ.اما الجانب الرابع فشمل دراسة الجوانب الحياتية المتعلقة بوزن الفئران الممنعة والمعاملة بعقار OFZ بشكل مفرد او مختلط مع البرازكوينتل OFZ+PZQحيث ظهر ارتفاعا طفيفا بمعدل وزنها بنسبة 11.13% و12.10% على التوالي مقارنة بفئران السيطرة السالبة مقارنة بالفئران المعاملة بـ OFZ+ABZ وABZ+PZQ التي سجلت زيادة معنوية ((p≤0.001 قدرها 13.50% و14.87% على التوالي. وسجلت مجموعة الفئران المعاملة انخفاضا في معدل وزن الكبد ومعدل تضخهما اذ اختلفت معنويا عن مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة عند مستوى احتمالية p≤0.001. لذا فحصت الاكياس العدرية الثانوية بعد اربعة اشهر من الاصابة وتم قياس وزن وقطروعدد الاكياس العدرية وحساب الكفاءة النسبية للعلاج, اظهرت الدراسة ان عقارOFZ+PZQ اعلى كفاءة علاجية (96.70%) لكونه تسبب باختفاء الاكياس من الطحال وتلته المعاملة بعقار OFZ) 93.75%)، وسجلت المجاميع المعاملة بعقارOFZ+ABZ وABZ+PZQ كفاءة علاجية نسبية بلغت 82.5% و77.5%, على التوالي. شملت الدراسة التغيرات النسجية المرضية في طحال وكبد الفئران بعد اربعة اشهر من الاصابة والمعاملة. بينت النتائج حصول تغيرات نسجية معتدلة مقارنة مع فئران السيطرة الموجبة. وعند التقصي عن دور بعض الحركيات الخلوية في الاستجابة المناعية ضد طفيلي المشوكة الحبيبية عن طريق الكيمونسجية المناعية ( IHC) اظهرت النتائج زيادة مستوى الحركيات الخلوية المفرزة من قبل الخلايا التائية المساعدة - النوع الاول (Th1) متمثلة بانترلوكين - 2، انترفيرون - كاما وعامل تنخر الورم اظهرت النتائج ارتفاعا معنويا ((P≤0.001 في مستوى تعبير بروتينIL - 2 في مجموعة الفئران المعاملة بـ OFZ+PZQ التي بلغت في الطحال 65.1% والكبد 54.1% مقارنة بالمجاميع الاخرى ومجموعة السيطرة السالبة والموجبة، وزيادة تعبير بروتين IFN - γفي المجاميع المعاملة مقارنة بمجاميع السيطرة السالبة والموجبة. وبينت نتائج التحليل الاحصائي وجود فروق معنوية عالية ذات دلالة احصائيةp≤0.001 في مستوى تعبير بروتينات TNF - α مقارنة مع مجموعتي السيطرة السالبة والموجبة. اما بالنسبة الى الحركيات المفرزة من قبل خلايا Th2 فقد سجلت نقصانا في انترلوكين - 10 وعامل تحويل النمو بيتا لدى الفئران المعاملة بالمجاميع العلاجية الاربعة لاسيما المجموعة المعالجة بـ OFZ+PZQ فقد اظهرIL - 10 تعبير بروتينيا واطئا في الطحال بلغ 29.7% وفي الكبد 8.2% مقارنة بالمجاميع المعاملة الاخرى ومجموعة السيطرة، كما اظهرت الفئران الممنعة والمعاملة مستوى تعبير بروتينات TGF - β فروقا معنوية عند مستوى احتماليةp≤0.001 للمجاميع مقارنة مع مجموعتي السيطرة السالبة والموجبة. بشكل عام لوحظ ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى الحركيات الخلوية المنتجة من قبل Th1 وTh2وبشكل متوازن لدى الفئران الممنعة والمعاملة. | The current research in deals with fundamental aspects of the infection of 120 white mice Mus musculus strain Balb/c with secondary hydatid cysts, comprising first aspect the role of immunization in the haematological aspects such as the differential count of white blood cells and the immunological aspects such as the delayed type hypersensitivity and phagocytosis. The results of differential white blood cell count showed marked increase in the numbers of lymphocyte percentage (64.75%) with a variation in the numbers of monocytes and eosinophils and a decrease in neutrophil numbers which reached 32% in mice immunized and orally administered with antioxidants. In connection with delayed type hypersensitivity in the foot pad the results showed a rise in the rate of foot pad thickness in mice immunized and orally administered with antioxidants as the highest thickness reached 0.82 mm at 24 hours after the injection of antigen and phagocytosis index in mice immunized and orally administered with antioxidants showed an increase of 74% compared with negative and positive control mice in addition to the gross changes of this group which was positively reflected on their appearance, movement, weight and feeding. So this group was experimentally infected with secondary hydatid cyst through their intra peritoneal injection with 2000 protoscolices. The second aspect of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of three drugs which belong to Benzimedazole and Isoquinoline viz albendazole (ABZ), oxfendazole (OFZ) and praziquental (PZQ) as well as to follow - up some aspects of the haematological and immunological parameters in mice after their infection, immunization and treatment which included differential white blood cell count, delayed type hypersensitivity test, phagocytosis, micronucleus test and agar gel immune diffusion test.Regarding changes in differential white blood cell count, mice treated with OFZ and OFZ + PZQ showed an increase in neutrophils and decline in lymphocytes compared with positive control group. Also, an increase in foot pad thickness after 24hrs compared with other treated groups and positive control group. An increase in the phagocytosis was noticed in OFZ treated group (53.17%) and OFZ+PZQ treated group (71.5%) and a significant decline in the micronucleus test of 28% and 29.1%, respectively compared with mice treatment with OFZ + ABZ and ABZ+ PZQ which indicates the efficiency of OFZ drug treated alone or in a combination form.The third aspect of the study was to evaluate the effect of infection with hydatid cyst and different chemical treatments on liver functions where the study showed that liver enzymes such as AST, ALT and ALP, as well as the total and direct bilirubin serum level in mice treated with OFZ alone and OFZ + PZQ were closer to those of the negative group compared with the groups treated with OFZ+ABZ and ABZ+PZQ.The fourth aspect of the study was to evaluate the biological aspects related to weight of the mice treated with OFZ alone or combination with praziquental OFZ+PZQ where a slight increase in the average weight of 11.13% and 12.10%, respectively was occurred in compared with the negative control due to the low number of cyst and cyst fibrosis which occurred in comparison with those existed in mice treated with OFZ+ABZ and ABZ+PZQ which showed a significant increase(p<0.001) which reached 13.50% and 14.87%, respectively.The treated group showed a reduction in liver weight and enlargement rate which was significantly different from that of the positive control group at the level of probability of P< 0.001, as OFZ+PZQ caused the disappearance of the cysts from the spleen(96.70%), followed by group treated with OFZ (93.75%) and then by group treated with OFZ+ABZ and ABZ+ PZQ which showed a treatment efficacy of 82.5% and 77.5%, respectively. The study also included the evaluation of the pathological changes of liver and spleen of mice after four months of the infection and treatment. The result showed satisfactory histopathological changes in comparison with positive control group. When investigating the role of some cellular interleukins in the immune response against Echinococcus granulosus through the immunohistochemical (IHC)test, the results showed an increase in the level of cytokines secreted byTh1 such as IFN - γ andTNF - α as well as IL - 2. The results showed higher level of protein expression IL - 2 in mice group treated with OFZ+PZQ which amounted 65.1% in spleen and 54.1% in liver compared with other treated and negative and positive control groups. Also, an increase in protein expression of IFN - γ was occurred in the treated groups compared with the negative and positive controls except in the group which was treated with OFZ+PZQ where no significant differences were appear in the negative control. The statistical analysis showed the presence of high significant differences (p<0.001) in the level of expression proteins TNF - α compared with negative and positive control groups. Reduction level of cytokines secretion from Th2 (IL - 10 and TGF - β) in mice treated with the four treated group particularly the group which was treated with OFZ+PZQ showed that IL - 10 protein expression in spleen was low and reached 29.7% and 8.2% in liver compared with the other treated and control groups. The level of expression of proteins of TGF - β in the immunized and treated mice showed significant differences at the level of the probability of p<0.001 of the group compared with negative and positive control group. Generally, a high significant level of cytokines produced byTh1andTh2 in immunized and treated mice

دراسة بعض الجوانب الوبائية والمناعية للخمج بداء المقوسات في مدينة الفلوجة - محافظة الانبار == Study of some epidemiological and immunological aspects of toxoplasmosis in Fallujah city - Al - Anbar province

Author name: محمد سليم اسماعيل ثامر العيساوي
Supervisor name: ابراهيم شعبان داوود | عبد الوهاب بديوي حسين
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: شملت الدراسة جمع عينات دم من النساء المجهضات تراوحت اعمارهن بين (16 - 45) سنة المراجعات لمستشفى الفلوجة العام لمعرفة مدى انتشار طفيلي المقوسة الكوندية Toxoplasma gondii في مدينة الفلوجة - محافظة الانبار بطريقتي تلازن اللاتكس Latex agglutination واختبار الخميرة للادمصاص المناعي (الاليزا) Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, كذلك قياس مستوى الاضداد IgA , IgE , IgM , IgG والمتممين C4 , C3 وبعض المظاهر المناعية للخلايا البلعمية متعددة اشكال النوى العدلة (PMNs) وبعض التاثيرات المناعية في الفئران البيض والقطط . ظهرت النتائج ان نسبة الخمج الكلية وحسب الفئات العمرية قيد الدراسة (16 - 25) , (26 - 35) , (36 - 45) سنة بطريقة تلازن اللاتكس كانت 43.75% , ( 40.90% , 46.15% , 42.11% ) وبطريقة الاليزا 32.50% (31.82% , 35.90 , 26.31% ) , ونسبة الاخماج الكلية الحادة والمزمنة بطريقة ELISA - IgG , ELISA - IgM وحسب الفئات العمرية كانت 10% (13.64% , 12.82% , 0% ) , 22.50% (18.18% , 23.08% , 26.31 ) على التوالي. قياس مستوى الاضداد IgG , IgM النوعية ضد المقوسة الكوندية وIgE الكمي بطريقة اختبار الاليزا (ELISA ) , وقياس مستوى الضد IgA الكمي والمتممين( Complements) C4 , C3 بطريقة اختبار الانتشار المناعي الشعاعي المفرد Single radial immunodiffusion test اظهرت ارتفاع معنوي في معدل مستوى الاضداد IgG , IgM النوعيين ضد المقوسة الكوندية وعدم وجود فروق معنوية لمعدل مستوى الاضداد IgE , IgA الكميين والمتممين C3 , C4 للنساء المخمجات مقارنة بالسيطرة. اظهر التحليل الاحصائي ان للخمج بطفيلي المقوسة الكوندية T. gondii وجود فرق معنوي على زيادة نشاط الخلايا متعددة اشكال النوى العدلة (PMNs) في بلعمة خميرة الكانديداCandida yeast واختزال صبغةNitroblue tetrazolium reduction وتاثيراﱟ منخفضاﱟ لمعدل عيوشية الخلايا (PMNs ) وهجرة طبيعية للخلايا PMNs)) المعزولة من النساء المخمجات ولكل الفئات العمرية مقارنة بالسيطرة. اظهرت النتائج ان حقن اكياس البيض المضعفة بالاشعة فوق البنفسجية Ultraviolet والمكسرة Ultra - Sonication اعطت تفاعلات واضحة عند اجراء اختبار فرط الحساسية المتاخرDelayed Type Hypersensitivity اذ بلغ اعلى معدل سمك القدم (2.32 , 2.79) ملم وقطر المنطقة المتهيجة (7.79 , 8.78) ملم بعد (24) ساعة في الفئران المحقونة على التوالي ، ان تمنيع الفئران بمحلول اكياس البيض المضعفة واعطائها جرعة تحدي تاثير على انخفاض معامل الكبد والطحال مقارنة بالسيطرة ، وان حقن مستضدات الطفيلي ( اكياس البيض المضعفة ) في الفئران ثم اعطائها للقطط اخر وقلل نسبة اكياس البيض المطروحة من قبل القطط وبلغت نسبة الوقاية الكلية 22.29% مقارنة بالسيطرة الموجبة. | The study included collection of blood samples from aborted women, aged between 16 - 54 years attended the general Fallujah Hospital for the prevalence of the infection with Toxoplasma gondii in Fallujah city - AL - Anbar province by two methods : latex agglutination , Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay , measurement of antibodies concentration of IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA, Complements C3, C4, and some immunological features of cells and some immunological effect in white mice and cats. The results showed that the percentage of total infection and according to age groups in the study (16 - 25), (26 - 35), (36 - 45) by LAT were 43.75% , 40.90% , 46.15% 42.11% respectively and with ELISA test 32.50% , 31.82% , 35.90% , 32.50% respectively , the percentage of total acute infection by ELISA - IgM in accordance with age groups were 10% , 13.64% , 12.82% , 0% whereas total , chronic infection by ELISA - IgG were 22.50% , 18.18% , 23.08% , 26.31% respectively. The measurement of antibodies levels of IgG, IgM, IgE by ELISA, IgA and complements C3, C4 by single radial immunodiffusion showed a significant increase in the average antibodies levels of specific IgM, IgG against T. gondii whereas no significant increase in the average antibody level of IgE, IgA and complement C3 , C4 in the infection women in comparison to control. The infection with T. gondii showed significant difference in the activity of Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in the phagocytosis of candida yeast and reduction of Nitroblue tetrazolium, whereas little effect on viability of PMNs and natural migration of neutrophils isolated from infection women of all age groups in comparison to control. The results of the immunological effects of inoculation of Oocysts attenuated by ultra - violet rays or ultra - sonication into white mice showed, the clear reaction in delayed type hypersensitivity test, the average of highest thickness of mice - foot were 2.79, 2.32 mm. and diameter of the inflamed regions were 8.78, 7.79 mm. 24h. after inoculation, the immunization of mice with attenuated oocysts followed by a challenge dose reshowed a decrease in the factor of liver and spleen in comparison to control. Cats fed mice that fedded by which was inoculated by Oocysts attenuated by ultra - violet rays showed a delay and a decrease in the Oocysts discharge in the feces by 22.29% in comparison to control.

دراسة تاثير مزيج من بعض المستخلصات لبذور الحرمل ومخاريط السرو في حيوية الرؤيسات الاولية للمشوكة الحبيبية Echinococcus granulosus خارج وداخل الجسم الحي == Study the effect of plant extracts mixture from seeds of Peganum harmala & cones of Cupressus sempervirens on viability of protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro and in vivo

Author name: نور نهاد باقر وزان
Supervisor name: فوزية احمد الشنوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت هذه الدراسة استخدام المستخلصات المائية لبذور الحرمل بالتراكيز 10، 20، 30 مليغرام/مليليتر، ومخاريط السرو بالتراكيز50 ،100، 200مليغرام/مليليتر. اما المستخلصات الكحولية لبذور الحرمل ومخاريط السروكانت التراكيز1،2 ،3 مليغرام/مليليتر و50، 100، 200 مليغرام/مليليتر على التوالي بينما الخليط المائي لبذور الحرمل ومخاريط السروكانت التراكيز(10+50)، (20+100) و(30+200) مليغرام/مليليتر، اما تراكيز الخلط الكحولي للنباتين(1+50)،(2+100) و(3+200) مليغرام/مليليتر؛ وذلك لدراسة تاثيرها في حيوية الرؤيسات الاولية لطفيلي المشوكات الحبيبية Echinococcus granulosus في الزجاجIn vitro من اجل الوصول الى التركيزالفعال في قتل الرؤيسات خلال اقصرمدة زمنية ممكنة لحقنه داخل التجويف البريتوني للفئران البيض سلالة Balb/c في الجسم الحي In vivo انخفضت الحيوية عند استخدام المستخلص المائي لبذور الحرمل ومخاريط السرووالخلط المائي لهما فحصل القتل التام للرؤيسات الاولية عند التراكيز 30، 200 و( 30+200)مليغرام/مليليتر في الزمن 30 دقيقة على التوالي. بينما تميزت المستخلصات الكحولية لبذور الحرمل ومخاريط السرو والخلط الكحولي لهما بالقتل التام للرؤيسات في الزمن صفر دقيقة عند التراكيز 3، 200 و(3+200) مليغرام/مليليتر على التوالي . وبعد اختيار التراكيز الفعالة تم تجريبها في الفئران البيض المحقونة بالرؤيسات الاولية وقياسها بالسيطرة الموجبة المحقونة بالرؤيسات وغير المعاملة بالمستخلصات النباتية والخلط والبندازول، وبالسيطرة السالبة المحقونة بالمحلول الملحي الطبيعي Normal saline من اجل بيان تاثير المستخلصات النباتية والخلط المائي والكحولي والبندازول داخل الجسم الحي عن طريق دراسة التغيرات الحاصلة في معدل اعداد واوزان واقطار الاكياس العدرية والنسب المئوية لاختزالها في الجسم ؛ اذ تبين حدوث اختزال بنسبة 100% في المجاميع اجمع قياسا بالسيطرة الموجبة غير المعاملة اذ لم يلاحظ وجود الاكياس العدرية الثانوية في المجاميع المعاملة جميعها.وتم دراسة التغيرات الحاصلة في معدلات اوزان الكبد والطحال ومعدلات تضخمهما في المجاميع المعاملة بالمستخلصات النباتية المائية والكحولية والخلط المائي والكحولي والبندازول. وقد لوحظ حدوث تباين في المعدلات اذ كانت منخفضة عن السيطرة الموجبة والافضلية كانت لمجموعة الخلط الكحولي لبذور الحرمل ومخاريط السرو اذ اقتربت من السيطرة السالبة . وشملت هذه الدراسة ايضا معرفة تاثير هذه المستخلصات والبندازول في نسيج الكبد والطحال عن طريق دراسة التغيرات النسيجية لهما اذ حصل في الكبد تغيرات عديدة منها تغيرات في شكل الخلايا الكبدية، وزيادة في اعداد خلايا كفر الدفاعية في الفئران المعاملة التي كانت اقل مما ظهر في فئران السيطرة الموجبة، اما الطحال فاظهر توسعا في اللب الابيض وظهور الخلايا المكونة للصفيحات الدموية (Megakaryocytes) في الفئران المعاملة قياسا بالسيطرة السالبة وكانت هذه التغيرات اقل حدة في الفئران المعاملة بالخلط المائي والكحولي لبذورالحرمل ومخاريط السرو؛ لذلك فان نتائج التغيرات تبين امكانية استخدام الخلط المائي والكحولي للنباتين وبالتراكيز (30+50) و(1+50) مليغرام/مليليترعلى التوالي داخل الجسم الحي بطريقة امنة عن طريق قدرتها على تحفيز الجهاز المناعي وتوهين الرؤيسات الذي ادى الى منع تطورها الى اكياس عدرية ثانوية داخل الجسم الحي دون اثار جانبية سلبية قياسا ببقية العقاقير الكيميائية مما يؤهلها للتقليل من المضاعفات الحاصلة في العمليات الجراحية . كما تم دراسة الجرعة المميتة لهذه المستخلصات والخلط للاستفادة منها عند حقن الحيوانات فكانت الجرعة المميتة لكلا الحيوانات المحقونة بالمستخلص المائي والكحولي لبذور الحرمل 2.5 غرام/كيلوغرام؛ بينما كانت الجرعة المميتة للمستخلص المائي والكحولي لمخاريط السرو 5.18، 3.63 غرام/كيلوغرام على التوالي وكانت قيمة الجرعة المميتة للخلط المائي والكحولي للنباتين 6.7، 3.3 غرام/كيلوغرام على التوالي . وباجراء التحليل الاولي للكشف عن المجاميع الفعالة في المستخلصات المائية والكحولية لبذور الحرمل ومخاريط السرو تبين احتواء المستخلص المائي والكحولي لبذور الحرمل على القلويدات والكلايكوسيدات والصابونينات والفلافونيدات، بينما احتوى المستخلص الكحولي للنبات على الراتنجات فضلا عن المواد السابقة في المستخلص المائي. اما المستخلص المائي والكحولي لمخاريط السرو احتوى على الفينولات ،والتانينات ، والصابونينات، والفلافونيدات ،والكلايكوسيدات، والزيوت الطيارة، والتربينات، والستيرويدات ولم يحتو على القلويدات، ووجدت الراتنجات في المستخلص الكحولي لمخاريط نبات السرو. | This study included the using of the aquatic extracts for the seeds of Peganum harmala and cones Cupressus sempervirens with the concentration ( 10, 20, 30 )mg/ml and (50,100,200)mg/ml respectively and the aquatic mixture for seeds P. harmala and cones C.sempervirens with concentration {(10+50),(20+100),(30+200)}mg/ml and alcoholic extracts of the seeds P. harmala and cones C.sempervirens with concentration (1,2,3)mg/ml and (50,100,200) mg/ml respectively and alcoholic mixture of them with concentration {(1+50),(2+100),(3+200)} mg/ml .To study of the influence of plant extracts and mixture in the percentage of vitality of the protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus In vitro for the purpose of arriving to the active concentration in killing of protoscolices during the shortest period of time possible in order to inject it intraperitoneal of the white mice In vivo as the vitality of protoscolices had caused complete death at the time 30 minute when using the aquatic extracts of seeds P. harmala and cones C. sempervirens and aquatic mixture of them at the concentration {30,200,(30+200)}mg/ml respectively . the alcoholic extracts of seeds P. harmala and cones C. sempervirens and alcoholic mixture of them with concentration {3,200,(3+200)}mg/ml these had differ to be distinguished with higher inhibition on the vitality of protoscolices and shown complete killing of protoscolices at the time zero minute . After the suitable concentration selection and then experimentation the active concentration on the mice injected with protoscolices and its comparison with the mice injected with protoscolices and not processed with plant extracts ,mitxure and albendazole (as positive control group ), the mice injected with albendazole and the mice injected with normal saline(as negative control ) to investigate the effect of plant extracts and albendazole in vivo with study the changes occurred in the average of the numbers weights, diameters of the hydatid cyst and the percentage for its reduction in the body as it appeared of getting the reduction of hydatid cyst with percentage 100% in all processed group with plant extracts , mixture and albendazole compared with positive group as its absence of the hydatid cyst in processed group. Also study the change occurred in the averages of the weights of the liver and spleen and the averages of its distension ,as it appeared the occurrence of the variation in the averages of the weights of the liver and spleen and the factors of its distension ,as the lowering significantly of these average occurred in all processed groups with plant extracts, mixture and albendazole about of the positive group and the best result of alcoholic mixture group which was approach to the negative group. This study included tissular changes occurred in the liver and spleen concerning the liver it appeared the occurrence of many tissular changes it most important are the changes of the liver cell and increase in the number of the kupffer cell as a defensive in the processed rates were less than what it appeared in the rate with the positive control, but the spleen ,it appeared the dilation of the whit pulp and the appearance of the cell composing of the hemic platelets(megakaryocyte cells) in the mice processed in comparison with unprocessed negative control group. these tissular changes were of less acuity in each of the group processed with the aquatic and alcoholic mixture of the seeds P. harmala and cones C. sempervirens compared with remaining groups . Thus from the results of this study at appeared the possibility of using the aquatic and alcoholic mixture of the seeds P. harmala and cones C. sempervirens with concentration {(30+50),(3+50)}mg/ml respectively in vivo in successful and safe way in the medical understanding by it a capability of initiating the immunity system which caused to the prohibition of the development of the protoscolices to the secondary hydatid cyst in vivo without causing the side effect in comparison with remaining chemical drug and white it qualifies it to decrease the complications of occurring drug the surgical operation . Also this study included knowing the lethal dose of plants extracts and the aquatic, alcoholic mixture of seeds P. harmala and cones C. sempervirens to purpose utilization its when injected the animal, as the lethal dose of aquatic and alcoholic extract of seeds P. harmala was 2.5gm/kgm while the lethal dose of aquatic and alcoholic extract of cones C. sempervirens was 5.18gm/kgm,3.63gm/kgm respectively. and the dose of aquatic and alcoholic mixture was 6.7gm/kgm,3.3gm/kgm respectively By performing phytochemical analysis the results showed the aquatic and alcoholic extracts of seeds P. harmala contain alkaloids, flavonoids ,glycosides whereas aquatic and alcoholic extracts of cones C. sempervirens contain phenol, tannin, flavonoids ,glycosides ,terpenoids , steroids and volatile oils but only alcohol extract of seeds P. harmala and cones C. sempervirens contain resins

دراسة كفاءة خليط من مستخلصات قشور ثمار الرمان وثمار الشفلح في تضعيف حيوية الرؤيسات الاولية للمشوكة الحبيبية Echinococcus granulosus. Batzsh,1786 خارج الجسم الحي وداخله == The study of efficiency of mixture extracts from Pericarp of Punica granatum L. and Fruit of Capparis spinosa L. in attenuation of protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus. Batzsh,1786In vitro and In vivo

Author name: نهى محمد موسى الدوري
Supervisor name: فوزية احمد الشنوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان هدف هذه الدراسة اختبار فعالية كل من المستخلصات المائية والكحولية لقشور الرمان Punica granantum L. وثمار الشفلحL. Capparis spinosa بتراكيز )300،200،100،50 (مليغرام /مليليتر.كما تم خلط المستخلصات المائية لقشور الرمان وبتراكيز (100،50) مليغرام /مليليتر مع (200،100) مليغرام /مليليتر من المستخلص المائي لثمار الشفلح وبالتراكيزنفسها تم خلط المستخلصات الكحولية وتقويم فعاليتها في تضعيف حيوية الرؤيسات الاولية لطفيلي المشوكة الحبيبية Echinococcus granulosus .Batch,1786 الماخوذة من كيس مائي لكبد احد الاغنام خارج الجسم In vitro لمعرفة جودة وفعالية التراكيز في قتل الرؤيسات الاولية ليتم اختبارها فيما بعد داخل الجسم ,اتضح من الدراسة خارج الجسم الحي (في الزجاج ) اذ انخفضت حيوية الرؤيسات الاولية عند استعمال المستخلص المائي لقشور الرمان وبتراكيز 300,200مليغرام /مليليتر والمستخلص المائي لثمار الشفلح ووبنفس التراكيز وللخليط المائي بتركيز (200+100)مليغرام /مليليتر لهما فحصل القتل التام للرؤيسات في الزمن60 ,60, 90,45,90دقيقة لكل من التراكيز .بينما تميزت المستخلصات الكحولية لقشور الرمان وثمار الشفلح والخليط الكحولي لهما فاحدثت القتل التام للرؤيسات في الزمن30,30 60,دقيقة عند التراكيز (200+100),300مليغرام /مليليتر وقبل اجراء اختبار فعالية المستخلصات داخل الجسم تم تحديد الجرعة المميتة المتوسطة التي بلغت 11.38,8.8,10,8.1,10.7,9.41غرام / كيلوغرام بالنسبة للمستخلصات المائية للرمان والشفلح والمستخلصات الكحولية للرمان والشفلح والخليط المائي والخليط الكحولي على التوالي, لكي تعد امينة الاستعمال وقليلة السمية . كما تضمنت الدراسة اختبار التراكيز المناسبة ومعاملتها بمجاميع الفئران المحقونة بالرؤيسات الاولية اما مجموعة السيطرة السالبة فتم حقنها بمحلول الملح الفسيولوجي Normal saline من اجل بيان تاثير المستخلصات النباتية داخل الجسم كما تم دراسة التغيرات الحاصلة في معدلات اعداد واوزان واقطار الاكياس العدرية والنسب المئوية لاختزالها في الجسم اذ تبين حدوث انخفاض في معدلات اعداد واوزان واقطار الاكياس العدرية الثانوية المتطورة في الفئران المعاملة بالمستخلصات المائية لنباتي الرمان والشفلح وزيادة نسب الاختزال قياسا بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة في بقية المجاميع حيث وصلت النسبة المئوية لاختزال اعداد الاكياس العدرية الى 100%في بقية المجاميع المعاملة .اما التغيرات الحاصلة في معدلات اوزان الكبد والطحال ومعدلات التضخم فقد لوحظ حدوث تباين في معدلات الاوزان والتضخم اذ تقاربت قيم معدلات الوزن وتضخم الكبد للمجموعة المعاملة بالمستخلص المائي للشفلح والرمان مع مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة ,بينما حدث انخفاض معنوي واضح لهذه المعدلات في بقية المجاميع وكانت الافضلية للمجموعة المعاملة بالخليط الكحولي والمجموعة المعاملة بالمستخلص الكحولي للرمان اذ اقتربت من معدلات السيطرة السالبة .هذا وشملت الدراسة تقويم تاثير هذه المستخلصات النباتية والالبندازول Albendazole من دراسة التغيرات النسيجية الحاصلة في الكبد والطحال, ففي الكبد ظهرت تغيرات نسيجية عديدة اهمها وجود احتقان في بعض اوردة الكبد مع تغيرات لحجم الخلايا الكبدية وزيادة في اعداد خلايا كوفر Kupffer cells الدفاعية التي كانت اقل مما ظهر في مجموعة فئران السيطرة الموجبة ,اما الطحال فقد اظهر توسع اللب الابيض على حساب اللب الاحمر وزيادة ارتشاح الخلايا المولدة للصفيحات الدموية (خلايا النواء Megakaryocytes). وكانت هذه التغيرات اقل حدة في الفئران المعاملة بالخلط الكحولي. كما كانت التغيرات قليلة في المجاميع المعاملة بالمستخلصات الكحولية للنباتين ,لذا تبين من هذه الدراسة امكانية استخدام الخلط الكحولي والمستخلصات الكحولية بطريقة امنة عن طريق قدرتها على تحفيز الجهاز المناعي وتضعيف الرؤيسات ومنع تطورها الى اكياس عدرية ثانوية داخل الجسم الحي دون احداث اثار جانبية سلبية قياسا ببقية العقاقير الكيميائية مما يؤهلها للتقليل من المضاعفات الحاصلة في العمليات الجراحية . وباجراء التحليل الاولي للكشف عن المجاميع الفعالة في المستخلصات المائية والكحولية لقشور الرمان وثمار الشفلح تبين احتواء المستخلص المائي والكحولي لقشور الرمان على : القلويدات Alkaloids ، والكلايكوسيدات Glycosides ، والفلافونيدات Flavonoids ،و فينولات Phenols ، وتانينات Tannins ، وتربينات Terpenoids ،و سترويدات Steroids بينما احتوى المستخلص الكحولي فضلاعن هذه المواد الراتنجات Resins ايضا. اما المستخلص المائي والكحولي لثمار الشفلح يبين احتوائه على : القلويدات Alkaloids ، والفلافونيدات Flavonoids ، والكلايكوسيدات Glycosides ، بينما احتوى | This study aims to test the efficiency of each of the aquatic and alcoholic extracts for the Pericarp of Punica granatum L. and Fruit of Capparis spinosa L. in concentrations of ( 50 , 100 , 200 , 300 ) mg/ml. Also a mixture of aquatic extract of Punica granatum Pericarp in concentration of (50,100) mg/ml, and (100, 200) mg/ml concentrate of the aquatic extract of Capparis spinosa Fruit . And a similar mixture was prepared for the alcoholic extracts in similar concentrations. A test was performed for the efficiency of each of the prepared extracts, in attenuation of protoscolices Echinococcus granulosus. Batch,1786 which were isolated from hydatid cysts of liver in sheep In vitro to determine the optimum concentration to kill the protoscolices, where the test is then to be performed by injecting the protoscolices intraperitonealy in white mice In vivo. Actually the vitality of protoscolices had dropped drastically with the application of aquatic extracts of Punica granatum Pericarp at the concentrations of (200 , 300) mg/ml, and aquatic extracts of Capparis spinosa Fruit at the concentration of (200 , 300) mg/ml, and the mixture of both the aquatic extracts at the concentration (100+200) mg/ml, where complete death was achieved at times, 90 , 45 , 90 , 60 , 60 minutes respectively. Alcoholic extracts of Punica granatum Pericarp and Capparis spinosa Fruit , and their mixture showed complete killing of Protoscolices at the time 30 , 30 , 60 minute in concentrations of {300 & (100+200)} mg/ml.Before performing the test In vivo, we determined the average lethal doses which were 9.41 , 10.7 , 8.1 , 10 , 8.8 , 11.3 g/ kg for the aquatic extract of Punica granatum, Capparis spinosa, their Alcoholic extracts, the aquatic mixture, and the alcoholic mixture respectively. Thus, the extracts in such concentrations could be considered as safe and low poisoning . The study included testing and application of the best concentration for treatment of the white mice that were injected with protoscolices, a negative group were injected with normal saline to determine the effect of extracts In vivo. The study measured, also the changes in average numbers, weights, dimensions, and percentage of reduction of hydatid cysts In vivo. Where it showed a decrease in the average number, weight, factors of its distension of the secondary hydatid cysts which developed in mice treated with the aquatic extracts of Punica granatum , Capparis spinosa, and increase of percentage of reduction compared with the positive control group, where a 100% reduction of hydatid cysts was achieved in the treated groups.Changes in liver and spleen weights, and average of hypertrophy showed some variations. Where average of weights and hypertrophy of liver of mice treated with aquatic extracts of Punica granatum , Capparis spinosa were similar to those of the positive group. A significant drop in these averages was observed in other groups. Best results were observed in groups treated with the alcoholic mixture, as well as in those treated with the alcoholic extract of Punica granatum, where the changes were close to those of the negative group. The study included observation of the effect of treatment with the above mentioned extracts and with Albendazole, on tissue changes of liver and spleen. Where liver showed significant changes, most important of which were the changes of the liver cell and increase in the number of the kupffer cell as a defensive mechanism, which were much less than their rate in the positive control group. On the other hand, spleen showed dilation of the white pulp and the appearance of cells composing of the Hemic platelet (megakaryocytic cells) in processed mice compared with unprocessed negative control group. These tissue changes were less persistent in groups processed with the alcoholic mixture of Punica granatum and Capparis spinosa and groups processed with the mixture of alcoholic extracts. By performing physiochemical analyses for the extracts to specify their effective compounds, we came to conclude that the aquatic and alcoholic extracts of Pericarp Punica granatum contain Alkaloids ,Flavonoids ,Glycosides, Phenols, Terpenoids, Tannins, and Steroids. whereas the alcoholic extracts in addition to these compounds, contain resins. whereas the aquatic extract of carp Capparis spinosa contain Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Glycosides, Terpenoids. Alcoholic extract of fruit Capparis spinosa contains in addition to these compounds ,tannin

تاثير داء السكري وعقار البنتوستام على تطور الاصابة بداء اللشمانيا الاحشائية في ذكور الفئران المختبرية == The Impact of diabetes and Pentostam on development the infected Leishmania donovani parasite in male laboratory mice

Author name: افراح علي عبد الامير العزاوي
Supervisor name: فاضل عباس منشد العبادي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: This study included evaluation of the role of diabetes and Sodium Stibogluconate drug (Pentostam) against infection leishmaniasis parasite in laboratory animals experimentally infected with the parasite, Where we used in this study male white laboratory rats of the strain Mus musculus Balb /c. Aggregates were divided randomly into eight major groups of eight mice, The first group were injected with saline solution at a dosage of 0.2 ml, the group was considered as a negative control, The second group were injected with parasite (1.2 × 10 6 parasites / 0.2 ml) at a dosage of 0.2 ml, The third group was injected with the parasite and alloxan at a dosage of 0.2 ml, while the fourth group were injected only with alloxan, While the fifth group were injected with a Pentostam drug at a dosage of 20 mg/kg, as well as the sixth group were injected with leishmania parasite at a dosage of 0.2 ml and Pentostam drug at a dosage of 20 mg/kg while the seventh group were injected with the parasite and alloxan at a dosage of 0.2 ml and Pentostam drug at a dosage of 20 mg/kg while the eighth group injected with alloxan at a dosage of 0.2 ml and Sodium Stibogluconate drug at a dosage of 20 mg/kg, Where it was dissected first four groups a period of 45 days while the other groups were dissected after 75 days with recorded weights of the body before and after the experiment. Also studied the histological pathological changes and taking weights for each of the liver and spleen, blood samples were taken for the purpose of knowing the effect of which occurred in the blood parameters and the level of glucose in the blood. The results of the statistical analysis of the current study showed in the second set significantly higher (P≤0.05) total weight of the body and the weight of the liver spleen, White blood cells lymph and acidophilus, while there was a significant decrease in the total number of white blood cells, neutrophils and red blood cells there was no significant difference (P≤0.05) inthe blood glucose concentration compared with the first group. The fourth group showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in total body weight and red blood corpuscles with (P≤0.05) blood glucose level and neutrophil cells, the groups treated with the drug showed the sixth and seventh group height body weight and white blood cells and lymphocytes and a significant decrease (P≤0.05) red blood cells, neutrophils and acidity. There was no significant difference (P≤0.05) in the concentration of glucose in seventh group. The eighth group showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the total number of white and red blood cells and significant increase (P≤0.05) in lymphocytes and acid, while there was no significant difference (P≤0.05) concentration of blood glucose. The fifth group showed the treatment of the drug loss in the radiology of hepatic cells and degeneration of clear and congestion in the central vein with the infiltration of inflammatory cells within the hepatic tissue, and showed a clear exhaustion in the white pulp and the proliferation of red pulp.we observed in the histological sections of the present study in the sixth group infected with parasite and treated with pentostam, a significant improvement of the liver tissue. The spleen showed a simple propagation of the white heart. The seventh group is experimentally infected with leishmania and the alloxan The development of diabetes and the treatment of pentostam is spread with Kupffer cells and expansion in the blood sinusoids with changes in the spleen. White and the group of nematodes around it with breeding in the red pulp as in the fifth group.

التحري الجزيئي والوبائي لطفيلي المتحولة Entamoeba Spp. في الاطفال المصابين بالاسهال في محافظة ذي قار == Molecular and Epidemiological investigation of the Parasite Entamoeba Spp. In children with diarrhea in Thi Qar Province

Author name: منار كريم كاظم السعيدي
Supervisor name: فاضل عباس منشد العبادي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: شملت الدراسة الحالية فحص 3909 عينة غائط للاطفال دون سن 12 سنة الذين يعانون من الاسهال ويشكون من الام بطنية والمراجعين لمستشفى بنت الهدى التعليمي ومستشفى الشهيد محمد الموسوي والمراكز الصحية والعيادات الخارجية في محافظة ذي قار خلال المدة من شهر تشرين الاول 2015 لغاية شهر ايلول 2016 تضمنت الدراسة ثلاثة محاور رئيسة . المحور الاول هو تشخيص جنس المتحولة مجهريا باستعمال المسحة المباشرة الرطبة وطريقة التركيز وذلك للكشف عن الاطوار المتغذية والمتكيسه للطفيلي واظهرت اصابة كلية بجنس المتحولة Entamoeba spp. بنسبة 26.86% واختيرت 80 عينة من العينات الموجبة مجهريا لتاكيد التشخيص باستعمال الفحص الجزيئي PCR بواسطة الجين 18S rRNAفسجلت الدراسة اصابة كلية بطفيلي المتحولة بنسبة 35% ، اظهرت نتائج الفحص باستعمال طريقة Nested PCR لتمييز الانواع (Species Specific) اصابة بطفيلي المتحولة الحالة للنسج Entamoeba histolytica بنسبة 39.29% وبطفيلي المتحولة المتغايرة Entamoeba dispar بنسبة 39.29% . فحصت العينات الموجبة (28) للPCR باستعمال Real - Time PCR وبوجود المجسان Probes المجس Histolytica - 96 T الخاص بالمتحولة الحالة للنسج والمجس Dispar - 96 T الخاص بالمتحولة المتغايرة وذلك لتاكيد التشخيص وتمايز الانواع فثبت وجود المتحولة الحالة للنسج باعلى نسبة 53.57% والمتحولة المتغايرة بنسبة 39.29% والانواع الاخرى لجنس المتحولة بنسبة 7.14% وبفارق معنوي بين الطريقتين الجزيئيتين مع وجود تاثير معنوي لنوع الطفيلي في احداث الاصابة . اظهرت الدراسة اصابة مفرد لطفيلي E. histolytica بنسبة 45.50% ولطفيلي E.dispar بنسبة 27.20% فيما سجلت اصابة مختلطة بنسبة 27.30% كما وسجلت وجود كريات الدم الحمر في 80% من العينات الموجبة لوجود E. histolytica وبنسبة 54.55% من العينات الموجبة لوجود E.dispar . تضمن المحور الثاني دراسة انتشار الاصابة بجنس المتحولة من خلال دراسة علاقة الاصابة مع بعض العوامل الوبائية ، منها فصول السنة التي اظهرت وجود فروق معنوية P≤0.05 فكان فصل الصيف اعلى الفصول من حيث نسبة الاصابة 37.06% وادناها في فصل الشتاء بلغت 14.14% ، كذلك لم تبين النتائج وجود فروق معنوية للاصابة فيما يخص الفئات العمرية فكانت النسب اعلاها بين الاطفال دون (3) سنوات فبلغت 30.50% ادناها بين الاطفال في الفئة الاعلى من (10) سنوات بلغت 17.13% ، لم تسجل الدراسة اية فروق معنوية في نسبة الاصابة بالطفيلي بحسب الجنس فسجلت نسبة 26.87% و26.85% للاناث والذكور على التوالي، في حين اظهرت الدراسة وجود فروق معنوية ملحوظة فيما يخص المستوى المعاشي فكانت نسبة الاصابة لدى الاطفال الذين ينتمون للعائلات ذات الدخل المحدود هي الاعلى 37.98% واقلها للذين ينتمون للعائلات ذات الدخل فوق الجيد وبلغت 10.11% كما سجلت النتائج وجود فروق معنوية في نسب الاصابة حسب المستوى التعليمي للابوين فكانت نسبة الاصابة عالية لدى الاطفال الذين المستوى العلمي لذويهم دون الابتدائية مقارنة بذوي الاطفال من حملة الشهادات الجامعية وبلغت النسب 36.85% و8.55% على التوالي فيما يخص عدد افراد العائلة كانت نسبة الاصابة عالية وبفارق معنوي لدى الاطفال الذين ينتمون لعائلات تتكون اكثر من (10) افراد واقلها للذين ينتمون لعائلات التي يبلغ عددها (5 - 3) افراد بنسب بلغت 36.95% و8.54% على التوالي . تضمن المحور الثالث دراسة بعض المعايير الدمية ومعرفة التغير في نسبة هذه المعايير لدى الاطفال المصابين بالطفيلي عند مقارنتها بالمعايير الدمية للاطفال الاصحاء وتم ذلك باستعمال جهاز Coulter Counter . جمعت 150 عينة دم من الاطفال المصابين بطفيلي المتحولة و50 عينة دم من الاطفال الذين يمثلون مجموعة السيطرة الاصحاء وتبين وجود فروق معنوية واضحة في نسبة خضاب الدم 10.16%وحجم كريات الدم الحمر المضغوط 34.7% حيث لوحظ انخفاضهما في مجموعة المصابين مقارنة بالقيم في مجموعة السيطرة التي بلغت 12.34 و39.10 على التوالي. سجلت نتائج العد الكلي لخلايا الدم البيض وجود ارتفاع معنوي في الاطفال المصابين مقارنة بمجموعة الاطفال الاصحاء وبلغت 11.3، 8.37 على التوالي وفيما يخص العد التفريقي لها فقد بينت النتائج وجود ازدياد بفارق معنوي في عدد الخلايا العدلة 6.92 و4.03 والخلايا الحمضة 0.61 و0.17 والخلايا الوحيدة 1.19 و0.93 على التوالي ولوحظ كذلك وجود انخفاضا معنويا في عد الخلايا اللمفاوية في الاطفال المصابين مقارنة بقيمتها لدى اطفال مجموعة السيطرة التي بلغت 2.19 و2.76 على التوالي | The current study included examination of 3909 stool samples from under 12 years old children who visited Bint Al - Huda hospital, Martyr Mohammad Al - Mosawi hospital, medical centres and outpatient clinics in Thiqar governorate during the period from October 2015 until September 2016. All those individuals were suffering from diarrhea and abdominal pain. This study included the microscopic identification of Entamoeba Spp. using direct wet amount and concentration techniques in order to diagnose both Trophozoite and cyst stages of the parasite. The result revealed that 1050 (26.86%) of the collected samples were infected with Entamoeba Spp. Out of these infected samples, 80 were randomly selected for further confirmation by conventional PCR and 18S rRNA. Using this method, 28 (35%) was recorded to have Entamoeba Spp. Positive samples from conventional PCR were further examined by Nested PCR for species specific identification. The result of this method showed the presence of two species, E. histolytica (39.29%) and E. dispar (39.29%).Positive samples for molecular examination (28) were then examined by Real time PCR in order to verify and confirm the molecular results. Two probes were used, Histolytica - 96 Tfor E. histolytica and Dispar - 96 T for E. dispar. A significant difference was observed between two methods. E. histolytica was found to be higher percentage followed by E. dispar and then Entamoeba Spp., 53.57%, 39.29% and 7.14% respectively. The Real time PCR reported mono - infection with E. histolytica in 45.5% and with E. dispar in 27.2%, whereas reported mixed infections by both parasites in 27.3%. Red blood cells (RBCs) were detected in 80% E. histolytica positive samples and in 54.55% E. dispar positive ones.The environmental factors and their correlation with Entamoeba Spp. prevalence were also included in this study. The infection prevalence based on the seasonal variation showed significant differences P≤ 0.05. Summer recorded the highest infection prevalence whereas the lowest was in the winter, 37.06% and 14.14% respectively. Regarding the infection in age groups, the highest percentage (30.5%) was recorded in under 3 years old group and the lowest (17.13%) was found in above 10 years old one. However, no significant difference P≤ 0.05 was observed between these age groups. Furthermore, no significant differences were recorded betweenpatient’s sex. Entamoeba Spp. infection (37.98%) appeared to be higher in children who belong to families with low standard of living compared to those who are from families that earning a higher income (10.11%). A Similar pattern was found in Entamoeba Spp. prevalence based on the number of the patient’s family members. Higher prevalence and significant difference were reported (39.95%) in patients who belong high family member (above 10), compared to those from 3 - 5family member (8.54%).One hundred and fifty blood samples from infected children with Entamoeba Spp. and fifty samples from healthy children as a control were collected during the present study in order to observe the change in blood picture and parameters between two groups. Significant differences were reported in blood hemoglobin (10.16%) and volume of packed RBCs (34.7%) in the infected group compared to 12.34% and 39.10% in the control group. Total leukocyte count was found to be significantly higher in the infected group (11.3) compared to the individuals in the control group (3.37). Differential leukocyte count also showed significant differences in Neutrophils (6.92%, 4.03), eosinophils (0.61, 0.17), monocytes (1.19,0.93) and lymphocytes (2.19, 2.76) in infected and control groups respectively.

تاثير الاصابة التجريبية بطفيلي المقوسة الكوندية Toxoplasma gondii وبعض الادوية على خصوبة الجرذان المختبرية Rattus norvegicus == Effect of experimental Toxoplasma gondii infection and some drugs on fertility rats Rattus norvegicus

Author name: زهراء سعدون هادي الغزي
Supervisor name: فاضل عباس منشد العبادي | علي اسماعيل عبيد السنافي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: This study included 3 stages. In the first stage, Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from aborted women placenta who visited Bent Al - Huda hospital and Al - Shatra hospital after confirmation of the prescence of parasite by impression smear method. Then parasite uspension injected 0.3 ml which contain 100 cyst intraperitoneally (174 rat) to 87 male and 87 female rats, inaddition to control group 30 rat (15 male and 15 female). After 10 days of injection, diagnosed the acute infection by Real - Time Poplymerase Chain Reaction(Real - Time PCR) and showed 97.70% (170 infected rat and 4 noninfected rat) , in male 96.55% (84 infected rat and 3 noninfected) ,in female 98.85% (86 infected rat and 1 noninfected) . After 2months of infection 84 animals (42 males and 42 females)were sacrificed, dissected (brain, testis and ovary ) were isolated to confirm the occurance of chronic infection with the using Real - Time PCR. The incidence of infection was 100% in brain males and ovary females and recorded 71.43% in testis and 90.48% in brain females. So diagnosed infection by impression smear method, identified the amount of DNA of the parasite T. gondii by using Real - Time PCR. The use of the remaining number of animals within the following experiments.The second stage included effect of experimental Toxoplasmosis infection and some drugs on fertility 168 rat (84 male and 84 female). Animals were subdivided into 6 groups for each group included 14 rat : (First group) non infected treated by DMSO, (Second roup) non infected treated by Sulfadiazine, (Third group) non infected treated by Pyrimethamine, (Fourth group) infected treated by DMSO, (Fifth group) infected treated by Sulfadiazine and (Sixth group) infected treated by Pyrimethamine.The current study results revealed prominent effect of T. gondii infection on the hormonal level in both males and females. T. gondii infection induced significant decline in Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Testosterone levels in nfected male compared with non infected males treated by DMSO. Sulf. and Pyr. treatment significantly elevated the level of these hormones (P <0.01) in infected males compared with fourth group similar to levels its in first group. Toxoplasmosis in female rats significantly decrease FSH, LH, Estrogen and Progesterone levels in compared with first group, while treating of infected females with Sulf. and Pyr. didn,t improve the declined levels of these hormones in infected and noninfected females comparedwith fourth and first group, respectively.The study showed that Toxoplasmosis in male rats induced significant decline in the sperm count in the epididymal cauda, sperm viability and relative weights of male sexual organs with an increase in sperm malformation ratio in infected male compared with first group. Treatment with Sulf. and Pyr. in infected male significanthy elevated the sperm count and viability (P<0.05), compared with fourth group. Sulf. didn,t induced further significant changes, but Pyr. induced further significant increase in sperm malformation ratio in infected (P< 0.01) and non infected (P<0.05) rats. The study also revealed that Toxoplasmosis significantly decrease the relative weight of ovary and uterus compared with first group, while treatment with Sulf. and Pyr. increased the declined relative weight of the ovary and uterus in the infected females.Testicular histological section of Toxoplasmosis infected male rats treatment with DMSO showed vacular degeneration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The seminiferous tubules revealed sever degeneration, shrinkal, necrosis, hemorrhage. Seminiferous tubules lumen contained little amount of sperm with appearance of gaint cell, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and exfoliated cellular debris. Metamorphosis and disintegration of the tissue between the seminiferous tubules was also observed compared to the first group that showed complex histologically intact while testes sections of infected rats treatment Pyr. and Sulf. showed improvement by removing histocompatibility damage caused by the parasite infection.The epididymal sections of T. gondii infected rats treatment with DMSO showed infiltration of mononuclear and multinucleated gaint cell. Sections also showed hyperplasia of duct lining and contained tissue cyst of T. gondii. All these changes were improved in infected males treated by Sulf. and Pyr. Ovary sections of the infected females treatment with DMSO compared with first group revealed decreased primary and secondary follicle increased follicle atresia. Histological sections of ovary females showed in the fifth and sixth group to increase the number of primary and secondary follicles and decreased number of follicle atresia compared overian sections for the fourth group. Uterine sections of the infected females treatment with DMSO showed hypertrophy, increase endometrial thickness and myometerium, increase polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, fewer glands and congestion of blood vessels compared with first group. Histological sections for ovary females of the fifth and sixth group showed changes but less severe than is present in the fourth group.In third stage from studying Toxoplasmosis on fertility parameters of male and female rats, 84 rat(42 male and 42 female) which showed the results of the current study, when paired fertilized healthy females by males is infected and infected of T.gondii treatment with Sulf. , Pyr. and DMSO, and inversion, there is the effect of the parasite and used drugs the percentage of getting pregnant and pregnancy size and rate of embryos weight and placental weight and increase the proportion of fetal resorption and the proportion of early loss of embryos in fertilized healthy females by males five groups compared to the first group.Based on that conclude from the study that the infection of parasite T. gondii had negative effects on the fertility of male and female, and that all of thePyr. and Sulf. were not honest is the other of the impact on reproductive functions.

دراسة حيوية وتشخيص جزيئي لداء الاكياس العدرية في المضائف الوسطية اعتمادا على تحليل تتابع جينات rDNA - ITS1 وmtCOX1 في محافظة ذي قار == Biological Study and Molecular Identification on Hydatidosis in Intermediate Hosts Depending on Sequence Analysis for rDNA - ITS1 and mtCOX1 Genes in Thi - Qar Province

Author name: وسام جاسم حنش
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study was carried out in Thi - Qar province during the period from beginning of January until the end of December 2015 to investigate the prevalence of infection with hydatidosis in human and other intermediate hosts. The molecular techniques was used to detect the strain of Echinococcus granulosus. The present study diagnosed 58 infection with hydatidosis in different organs such as liver, lungs, kidney and spleen of surgically treated patients in AL - Hussein Imam Teaching Hospital inNassiriyah city, centre of Thi - Qar province. The total number of hydatid cysts was 72 cyst in different organs with total intensity of infection 1.24. The females recorded highest percentage of infection 67.24% than males 32.76 %, and the age group 21 - 30 year showed highest percentage of infection 24.14 % . The lowest percentage recorded in age group more than 60 year 5.17 %.The results of study showed that right lobe of liver was more affected 58.62 % than left lobe 13.79 %. The percentage of left lung infection was 10.34 % while right lung 8.62 %. The total average of fertile cysts in infected organs was 81.82 % and sterile cysts 18.18 %. The highest percentage of infection was recorded in house women 87.18 %. The number of recorded cases in Nassiriyah district was 21 case with percentage of infection 36.21 %.During the same period a total of 1303, 1287, 405, 90, and 294 head from sheep, cattle, buffaloes, camels and goats were examined respectively.The percentage of infection was 7.83 %, 7.69 %, 3.46 % and 2.22 % in sheep, cattle, buffaloes and camels respectively, and no infection was recorded in goats. The intensity of infection was 4.07, 3.27, 1.64 and 2 in sheep, cattle, buffaloes and camels respectively. The results of statistical analysis showed no significant differences (P????0.05) in percentage and intensity of infection.The percentage infection of liver, lungs and both together in sheep was 5.45 %, 1.23 % and 1.15 % respectively, and there was no significant differences in percentage of infection but intensity of infection differed significantly(P????0.05). The percentage of liver, lungs, both together and spleen infection in cattle were 3.11 %, 2.95 % , 1.55 % and 0.08 % respectively while intensity of infection in liver, lungs, both together and spleen was 2.5, 2.18, 7 and 1 respectively. The percentage of liver, lungs and both together infection in buffaloes were 2.22 %, 0.99 % and 0.25 % respectively while intensity of infection in liver, lungs and both together was 1.89, 1 and 2 respectively. No significant differences in percentage and intensity of infection in camels andboth percentage and intensity of infection in liver and lungs were 1.11% and 2 respectively.High significant differences was recorded between percentage infection in males and females of animals. The percentage of infection in females were 15.87 %, 13.42 %, 6.99 % and 3.45 % in sheep, cattle, buffaloes and camels respectively. Highest percentage of infection were 0.72 %, 0.18 % and 0.46 % in males of sheep, cattle and buffaloes respectively. No infection were recorded in males of camels.T he age was effect on percentage of infection and big aging groups recorded in sheep, cattle, buffaloes and camels. The present study recorded significant differences in percentage of fertile hydatid cysts in liver and lungs of animals and highest of percentage of fertility recorded in liver and lungs of sheep 84.21 % and 79.24 % respectively and lower percentage of fertility was in liver of buffaloes 11.11% and liver of cattle 14.70 %. The lower percentage of sterile hydatid cysts was in liver and lungs of sheep 15.79 % and 20.75 % respectively and highest percentage recorded in liver of buffaloes 88.88 % and spleen of cattle 100 %.S t a tistical analysis using of ANOVAs test showed no significant differences in total length, length of blade and width for large and small protoscolices hooks of hydatid cysts isolated from liver and lungs of sheep, human, cattle buffaloes, camels and hooks of sheep which is showed genetic variations (new strain).The PCR - RFLP technique was used in identification of E.granulosus strains infecting human and intermediate hosts in Thi - Qar province. The molecular study is carried out on 75 hydatid cysts collected from human, sheep, cattle, buffaloes and camels. The DNA is extracted from protoscolices of hydatid cysts isolated from infected organs. PCR - RFLP technique showed that sheep strain G1 of E.granulosus is predominant in Thi - Qar province depending on amplification of rDNA - ITS1 gene. The PCR products in all DNA samples showed 1000 bp approximately. Alu1 endonuclease with rDNA - ITS1 demonstrated two bands 800 bp and 200 bp approximately, while Rsa1 endonuclease showed two bands 655 bp and 345 bp approximately which is similar to sheep strain genotype 1.Sequence analysis for rDNA - ITS1 gene showed the presence of sheepstrain genotype 1 which is similar 100 % to sheep strain in gene bank exceptone isolate (sheep liver) was differs from other strains in position ofnucleotide sequence. It was similar 99 % for sequence of sheep strain. Thedata base of this new strain was recorded in gene bank for DNA sequence National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) for the first time globally under the name Echinococcus granulosus strain WH1AW2 (GenBank : LT547814). Polymerase chain reaction technique and sequence analysis of mtCOX1 gene showed the presence of sheep strain G1 of human, sheep, cattle, buffaloes and camels. The sequence analysis showed the genetic variation in mtCOX1 gene for hydatid cyst in infected sheep represented by point mutation type transition which caused change Adenine to Guanine, and sequence data base of the sample recorded for first time in NCBI and ENA (GenBank : LC203589). Buffaloes strain G3 isolated from human lung recorded for first time in Thi - Qar province depending on comparison of samples sequences with source strains recorded in gene bank (NCBI) using "BLAST". The size of bands for mtCOX1 gene was 450 bp in all samples

دراسة تصنيفية وحياتية للديدان الخيطية عائلة Tetrameridae Travassos, 1914 المتطفلة على بعض انواع الطيور في هور السناف محافظة ذي قار == Taxonomic and Biological Studies of Nematodes of the Family Tetrameridae Travassos, 1914 in the Some Birds in Sinaph marsh Thi - Qar province

Author name: نهى جبار عبد الركابي
Supervisor name: باسم ھاشم عبد الله
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: A total of 401 represented by 128 birds of Himantopus himantopus which belong to the family Recurvirostridae , 93 birds of Chettusia leucura which belong to the family charadriidae and 180 birds of Sturnus vulgaris which belong to the family sturnidae at the period from April 2014 to march 2015 in Al - Sanaf marsh , Suq - Al - Shuyukh city southern of the Thi - Qar province,for searching the nematodes which belong to the family Tetrameridae. Four species of nematodes, which belong to the family Tetrameridae, were isolated in the current study. They were T.nouveli, T.dubia, T.spinosa and Microtetrameres inermis. The H. himantopus was infected with the nematode T.nouveli and the prevalence of infection was 25.8% , bird.Furthermore, the Chettusia leucura was infected, the mean intensity was 3.3 worm in each infected birds. The nematode T.dubia was isolated from H. himantopus with the isolated from the Ch. Leucura mean intensity was 1.7.The nematode T.spinosa was isolated from H. himantopus the the mean intensity of infection was 2.3 and it was isolated from the Ch. leucura , the prevalence of infection 4.3% and the mean intensity was 1.8 worm in each infected worm.The record of these three nematode is considering the first record in Iraq.Microtetrameres inermis was isolated from the Sturnus vulgaris, the each infected birds.Himantopus himantopus from April 2014 to March of 2015.This bird was infected with three species from family Tetrameridae, The seasonal variation study of infection prevalence of Tetrameres spp.in, H. himantopus that there was II Summarycomplete seasonal cycle for nematodes T.nouveli, T.dubia , and T.spinosa .The nematode T.nouveli had hightest infection prevalence in summer the decrease in autumn, winter and spring while the infection prevalence of nematode T.dubia was hight in summer and autumn then decrease in winter and spring. The infection prevalence of nematode T.spinosa was generally low with little increase in autumn .The results of the current of the Ch. leucura indicated that this bird was infected with three species which nematodes T.nouveli, T.dubia and T.spinosa and they had seasonal appearance . There was not any significant effect of host sex on prevalence of infection, and it showed decreased in prevalence of infection when the bird's weight was increased.The study of lifecycle of nematodes : T.nouveli ,T.dubia and M. inermis revealed obtainment the larval stages after success the infection experimental of the grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria for the first time the three isolated nematodes from family Tetrameridae in this study which it was T.nouveli , T. dubia and M.inermis and was included the lifecycle of the three species . The differences were including the period of time to produce and developing the larval stages in addition to the differences in their shapes, it was revealed that were clear differences in the structure and their shape of the tip the posterior end of the third larval stage. The end of the third larval stage of the nematode T. nouveli had three caudal papilla and the posterior end of nematode T.dubia had five caudal papilla while the end of the third larval stage of M.inermis did not have any caudal papilla , so we can distinguish these nematode larval stage depended on the prevalence this character in their third larval stage.The experimental infection of the Columba livia domestica with nematode M.inermis was successful.While the experimental infection to the Columba livia domestica with nematode T.nouveli ,T.dubia .was failed The experimental infection of the Gallus domestica with nematodes of Tetrameridae T.nouveli, T.dubia and M.inermis was failed too.

دراسات تصنيفية وحياتية ووبائية للمثقوبات المتطفلة في الجهاز التنفسي للطيور المائية في اهوار محافظة ذي قار == Taxonomic,Biological and Epidemiological Studies of Trematodes Parasitic in the Respiratory System of Some Aquatic Birds in Marshes of Thi - Qar province/Iraq

Author name: نثيلة رشيد حميد الكسار
Supervisor name: صبيح هليل المياح | باسم هاشم عبد الله
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: A total of 420 aquatic birds belonging to four species( Chettusia leucura , Himantopus himantopus, Gallinula chloropus and Fulica atrawere collected in the current study during the period between December 2012 to November 2013 fisolated from Al - Chibayish marshes , eastern of Thi Qar province. Digenetic trematode, Haematotrephus nittanyense was isolated from H. himantopus and C. leucura. Prevalence in those birds were 20.7% , 2.2% respectively. Mean intensity of infection 1.7 , 1.2 respectively. Digenetic trematode , Haematotrephus chengi was found in C.leucura, the Prevalence of infection was 20.7% . These two trematodes were recorded for the first time in Iraqi birds . 2.6% of Ch. leucura were infected with Digenetic trematode , Uvitellina iraquensi , mean intensity of infection was 2.7 . Digenetic trematode , Cyclocoelum mutabile Cyclocoelum mutabile was isolated from F. atra and G. chloropus birds . Prevalence in those birds were 21.2% ,10% respectively. Mean intensity of infection 3 , 3 . Digenetic trematode , Cyclocoelum microstomum was found in 20% of G. chloropus birds and in 15% of F. atra , mean intensity of infection 2.8 , 1.8 respectively.The current study revealed that , most eggs of H. nittanyense , H. chengi and U. iraquensis hatch within the uteri of worms while embryonated eggs of C. mutabile and C. microstomum shed from mature worms hatch within few hours after being placed in water. The mean number of eggs differed between species. Hatching of C. mutabile and C. microstomum eggs did not occur at 12°C . Egg hatching rate of C. mutabile differed from eggs hatching rate of C. microstomum at all temperatures . Temperatures, salinity and acidification of water affectedthe rate of hatching of C. mutabile and C. microstomum eggs , and the results varied between two different species . Storing eggs of C. mutabile and C. microstomum at (0,4)°C for ( 1 - 8) weeks failed to hatch . Storing eggs of C. mutabile and C. microstomum at (7,10,12)°C for (1 - 8) weeks had no effect on hatching success or on eggs hatching rate.A biological study of the miracidia of trematodes which were isolated in the current study showed that , the survivorship and longevity of miracidia were differed among the different species . Temperature, salinity and acidification of water affected the survivorship and longevity of miracidia . Storing eggs of all species at (7,10,12)°C for eight weeks had no effect on survivorship and longevity of their miracidia. The study revealed that , the miracidia of all species were infective to Radix auricularia and Physa acuta snails , but R. auricularia snails more sensitive to infection . The infectivity of the miracidia of all species to R. auricularia and P. acuta snails varied according to the species of these trematodes . Infection rate of R. auricularia snails with the miracidia of all species , mean intensity of infection and the metacercariae output varied according to species of these trematodes, temperature , miracidial density as well as size of snails. Miracidia hatching from eggs stored for 1 - 8 weeks at 7°C not differed in their infectivity to snail. The miracidia of all species hatching from eggs stored for (0 - 8) weeks at 7°C differed in their infectivity to snail according to the species of these trematodes. Age and density of H. chengi miracidia affected the infection rate of R. auricularia snails as well as affected the mean intensity of infection . H. chengi infection had no effect on mortality rate of R. auricularia and P. acuta snails.The results showed that there were differences between the various stages included in the life cycle of the five species of Cyclocoelidae family isolated in the current study . The time required for production and development of these stages varied according to their species, as well as these larval stages were differed among the species in their shapes , sizes and in the product number of them .The current study revealed that , metacercariae of the trematodes which were isolated in the current study fed separately to Gallus domesticus and Anas platyrhynchos failed to produce an infection , although the influence of C. leucura bile on metacercariae of H. nittanyense , H. chengi and U. iraquensis varied according to the species of these trematodes but bile of C. leucura plays a role in increasing excysted juveniles ratios , reduction the time required for excysting and increasing the time of juveniles activity compared with a bile of G. domesticus .In the current study. H. nittanyense showed a clear seasonal cycle of infection in local aquatic birds , H. himantopus ,while the study exposed a clear seasonal cycle of H. chengi infection in local aquatic birds C. leucura . Isolation of U. iraquensis in different periods during the current study from local aquatic birds, C. leucura may refer to its ability to complete its life cycle in a study area. Isolation of C. mutabile from migratory bird at arrival time to the study area may refer to new infections that carried by these migratory birds from their breeding grounds . Abundance of sensitive snails and suitable temperatures in a study area at arrival time of these birds may help this trematode to complete its life cycle in this area thus new infections emerged later and these infections may carry by microstomum isolated from migratory birds only at the arrival time to the study area may refer to new infections that carried by these migratory birds from their breeding grounds as well as this may indicate an inability to complete the life cycle of this trematode in this area.

عزل وتشخيص اميبا Acanthamoeba castellani ودراسة تاثيرها الممرض في الفئران المختبرية Mus musculus سلالة Balb/C == Isolation and Detection of Acanthamoeba castellani. and study their pathological effect on laboratory mice Mus musculus Balb \C strain

Author name: شيماء عبد الرزاق حميد
Supervisor name: مسلم عبد الرحمن محمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: free_living species of amoeba belongs to the genus Acanthamoeba was recorded in the recent study , this species was classified as A. castellani was according to the morphological features , cultural properties , heat tolerance and osmosis .Astromoeba was also recorded that characterized by its star - shape and Naegleria spp. which isolated from environmental samples ,both are free living amoeba .Acanthamoeba was isolated from different environments , includings water and soil from various regions of Basrah Provinace and from gathered water in air - cooler basin and discarded water from air conditioning systems .It was isolated from the eyes of out - patients who were suffered from eye problemes and from healthy volunteers.Several culture media were used for parasite culturing including media S, Agar, PYG, Mix , Mud , Heat - killed E.coli coated agar ,Lock and Manitol media.The media differ in their capability for the parasite growth depending on their nutrients ingrediants and the suitable temperature for the growth ,and the high rate for the growth was on S medium 37◦C and there is increasing in the parasite size that it is a new medium and used for the first time .The PYG medium at 37◦C also cause a good growth for the parasite .The parasite susceptibility to Dexonium was examined in vitro which shows the activity of the drug against the parasite .The activity of other drugs including Cisplatin , Pentostam , Chloromphenicol , Methadin , Cifran and Genedin was examined in this study .Cifran and Cisplatin shows a close effect and less than others ,while Methadin does not affect on the parasite ,in other hand Chloramphenicol caused obvious malformation in the parasite and retardation in the numbers.The recent study showed the death dose for half of the lab mice infected with the parasite was 450 amoeba/ml.The study also proved that the parasite is one of the major causes for Blinding ,causes it invades the mice eyes and blinds them moreover it cause skin lesions , hypertrophy in spleen and kidneys and bleeding in brain and lungs .Different ways used in the infecting of mice by the parasite caused the death of them in two - four dayes ,The chronic infection cause death in long period.The parasite can infect the brain when it is injected in different ways through optic nerve ,peritonium ,veins , nose and skin ,in which it caused necrosis .The presence of the trophozoite and cyst cause WBC infeltration.The liver ,kidneys and lungs were also infected when the parasite injected through the optic nerve , peritonium ,veins ,nose and skin and caused necrosis , bleeding patches , gathering of the defence cells (WBC).

تقييم فعالية عقاري Nandrolone decanuate وAlbendazole للاصابات المختلفة بداء الاكياس العدرية في الفئران المختبرية سلالة Balb/c == Evaluate the effectiveness of a drug Nandrolone decanuate and Albendazole for injuries the different infections by hydatid cysts in mice Balb/c

Author name: سعيد فاضل مناتي الحمداني
Supervisor name: مسلم عبد الرحمن محمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تبنت الدراسة الحالية استعمال طرق مختلفة لاحداث الاصابة برؤيسات الاولية Protoscolex المستخرجة من الطور اليرقي ( الاكياس العدرية ) لطفيلي Echinococcus granulosus وهذه الطرق هي الحقن الوريدي والجنبي وتحت الجلد وكذلك عن طريق الغشاء البريتوني . اظهرت الدراسة حدوث الاصابة وتطور الاكياس العدرية في كل الطرق اعلاه . كذلك تم استعمال طريقة الحقن في اللفائفي والتجريع عن طريق الفم لكن لم تظهر الاصابة المستخدمة بهذه الطرق اي تطور للاكياس العدرية في حيواتات التجربة . كذلك حقن 650 رؤيس اولي في جميع طرق الحقن وتبين حدوث الاصابة في نفس مواقع الحقن بطريقة الحقن تحت الجلد والحقن الجنبي وعن طريق الغشاء البريتوني. ولكن طريقة الحقن الوريدي اظهرت حدوث الاصابة وتطور الاكياس العدرية في اماكن مختلفة من جسم الحيوان المختبري ويكون الكيس العدري متموضعا بين نسيج العضو المصاب في حين الحقن عن طريق الجنب وتحت الجلد والغشاء البريتوني يكون الاكياس العدرية المتطورة ملتصقة على سطح العضو المصاب . كذلك اثبتت الدراسة وجود اختلاف في الوان الاكياس العدرية المتكونه وحسب طريقة الحقن. استـــــعمل في هذه الدراســــــــة عقار Albendazole وعــــــقار Nandrolone decanuate كعقارات علاجات للاصابة المستعملة وتبين ان لها تاثير ادى الى موت الرؤيسات الاولية بتقدم فترة الاصابة واثبتت الدراسة ان عقار Nandrolone اكثر كفاءة من عقار البندازول وذلك من خلال الاختلافات في النسبة المئوية لموت الرؤيسات الاولية وكذلك بسبب هذا العقارشوه في شكل الرؤيسات وطريقة ابعاجها اذ كان الانبعاج الى الخارج في حين كان الانبعاج الى الداخل في الاصابات المعالجة بعقار البندازول . | The present study showed various methods for the infection by the protoscolex obtained from the larval phase of the Echinococcus granulosus . which involved the venus,pleural,subcutaneous and peritoneal injection . In all injection method 650 protoscolex were injected ,It was found that no infection happen in the same location to the injection which resulted by the subcutaneous,pleural and pretonal injections. On the contrary to thatresulted by venous injection in wich the injection occurred in varoes sites of the lab animals body ,and the hydatid cysts were pervasine with in the diseased infected organ tissues. Wile that resulted by pertonial ,subcutaneous and hered the surface of the organ. The colors of the hydrated cysts were also varied according to the infection methods.Albendazole and Nandrolone were used as treatments against the induced infections and it was found that Nandrolone was more efficient than albendazole,That was observed by the rates of the protoscolex caused by the action of the drugs and desmorphorphology and invagination outward while in albendazole was inward

دراسة تشخيصية جزيئية ودمية وكيموحيوية لانواع الاكريات Eimeria spp. في الدجاج المصاب طبيعيا وتجريبيا في محافظة الديوانية == Molecular Diagnosis Study And Haematological And Biochemical of Coccidiosis Eimeria Spp. In Natural And Experimental Infection Chicken In Al - Diwanyia City

Author name: خالد ثامر مطر الشيباني
Supervisor name: خيري عبد الله داود العكيلي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة في البيت الحيواني التابع لقسم علوم الحياة / كلية التربية / جامعة القادسية للمدة من 1/9/2013 ولغاية 1/9/2014، للتحري عن انواع طفيلي الاكريات المتطفلة على الدجاج المصاب طبيعيا وعزل الطفيلي من الحالات المصابة الواردة الى المسستشفى البيطري | The study conducted in The animal house of the Biology department, College of Education, University of Al - Qadisiyah during the period from 1/9/2013 to 1/9/2014. The study diagnosed the species of Eimeria parasites in naturally infected chickens in poultry farms. Eimeria oocysts was isolated from the infected chickens feaces in Veterinary hospital and Veterinary clinics.Then, the cases diagnosed initially in the laboratory by direct examining stool smears and the positive cases were recorded.Through this study, oocysts were isolated, and two species of Eimeria parasites were diagnosed (E.tenella and E.maxima) by using the technique of Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction technique.There are 186 cases of infected chicken which examined, and the results showed that (186 out of 315)stool Samples(59%), include infected with two species of Eimeria parasites E.tenella was in (135 out of 186, 72.5%) while the species E.maxima was in(51 out of 186, 27.4%). The experimental study was conducting two experiments were done.The first experiment, depend on the experimental infection of E.tenella species which was used for two types of chicken, (Ross type which is foreign, and local breed).The second experiment, includes experimental infection with the species E.maxima also in two types of chickens that mention above. Symptoms and clinical signs of the first experiment on foreign chickens included were recorded it is noticed that infected the chickens with E.tenella have was dull, unorganized feather and loss of appetite in addition to bloody diahrreha, loss weight, emaciated and isolated. The Gross Lesions include congestion of cecum and an increase in their sizes while inside the cecum, many ulcerated lesions were noticed, filling cecum with mucus and blood, liver was congested and enlarged. Microscopicale examination recorded congestion was full with blood cells and necrotic tissues cecum and falling of cells in the cecum lumen. Many different stages of the parasites were noticed as schizonts, merozoites, gametes and oocysts Hematological parameters showed high significant decrease (p?0.05) in Hb (0.38±5.94 mg / 100ml) in the fourth week of infection, PCV (0.68±18.47%) in the fifth week and RBC was (1.58±0.02x106) in the fourth week. Also, the infection led to significant increase difference of WBC (30.19±0.95x103) in the seventh week of infection in comparison of uninfected chickens of the control sample. The biochemical parameters of blood serum showed that significant decrease (p?0.05) in glucose concentration (156.98±1.75mg / 100ml in the fourth week of infection), cholesterol concentration and total protein concentration (62.11±4.40, 1.92±0.92 mg / 100ml respectively in the fifth week of infection).Also, Uric acid increased significantly (p?0.05) to reach(10.19±0.52mg / 100ml) in the fourth week of infection in comparison of uninfected chickens of the control group. Average weight was showed the significant decrease (p?0.05) of the chickens quantity (368.88±3.01gr in the fourth week of the infection), and an increase the percentage of mortality(23.33±0.23% in the fifth week of infection), addition to the decrease of consuming food by bird (282.8±2.19gr in the fifth week of the infection) in comparison of uninfected chickens of the control group. While the results of local breed chickens in the first experiment were less severity than that with the foreign type (Ross) but the colour of the stool was brown mixed with blood. The Gross Lesions showed pathological changes in the cecum as congestion and bleeding. Moreover, ulcers areas were smaller and less in number in comparison with the infected foreign chickens by the same parasite. The microscopic pathological changes of E.tenella in the cecum showed hyperplasia in goblet cells and congestion of blood capillaries with less number of stages of the parasite in comparison with the foreign chickens. The hematological parameters showed significant decrease (p?0.05) in Hb concentration and percentage of PCV (7.13±0.31mg/100ml, 21.26±1.82% respectively in the fifth week of infection), while the RBC count was (2.05±0.12 x 106 in the fourth week of infection and significant increased (p?0.05) in WBC count was (30.63±0.38 x 106 the sixth week of infection) in comparison with the chickens of the control group. The biochemical parameters of blood serum showed the significant decrease (p?0.05) in glucose concentration (169.60±2.16mg/100ml in the fifth week of infection), cholesterol concentration and total protein concentration (70.89±2.01, 2.25±0.39mg/100ml respectively in the fourth week of infection). Uric acid increased significantly (p?0.05) to reach (7.62±0.90mg/100ml) in the fifth week of infection in comparison with the control group. Average of the weight was significant decrease (p?0.05) (190.28±3.81gm), high increase in the average of mortality (10±0.20%), and high decrease in the consuming food average (413.4±3.91gr) in the fourth week of infection in comparison with the uninfected control group. The second experiment of the foreign chicken which infected experimentally by E.maxima showed asymptoms and clinical signs were nearly similar in the foreign chickens that infected with E.tenella, but mild in severity is average. The symptoms include fatigue, fallen wings, loss of appetite, mucus diarhea mixed with blood. The Gross Lesions showed severe changes in the infected part of intestine as congestion and filling of intestine with mucous secretion of bad odour. While the microscopic pathological changes showed the tissues section of intestine were damaged, necrosis of intestine villi due to the large number of different stages of the parasite with hyperplasia of goblet cells. The hematological parameters showed significanty decrease (p?0.05) in Hb concentration, percentage of PCV and RBC count (7.55±0.61mg/100ml, 23.62±0.81% and 2.08±0.10x106 in the fourth week of infection) and significant increased (p?0.05)in WBC count (31.26±0.63x106 in the seventh week of infection) in comparison with the uninfection control group. The biochemical parameters of blood serum showed that there was the significant decrease (p?0.05) in glucose concentration (164.86±2.11 mg /100ml in the fifth week of infection), cholestrol concentration and total protein (77.14± 3.38, 2.24±0.36 mg/100ml) and significant increased (p?0.05) in Uric acid concentration (8.20±0.79mg/100ml) in the fourth week of infection in comparison to the control group. The results of productive characteristics refered to significant decrease(p?0.05) in the weight of chickens (479.28±0.23gr) and significant increase (p?0.05) in mortality (10±0.11%) during the fifth week of infection. Also, there was significant decrease (p?0.05) in the consumed food by birds (368.5±2.10gr) during the fourth week of infection in comparison to the chicken of the control group. While the results of local breed chicken in the second experiment, the symptoms and clinical signs showed no sign of disease, and the chickens were active in spite of presence of infection and the releasing of Oocysts. The Gross Lesions showed the inflammation and congestion, onlargment of the infected part of small intestine, little mucous and liquid inside the lumen.As far as microscopic changes are concerned, the tissue examination showed some necrosis and damage of the villi ends and an increase in the size of the goblet cells. Hematological parameters showed to the significant decrease (p?0.05) in Hb concentration and percentage of PCV (7.86±0.45 mg/100ml, 23.60±0.53% respectively during the fifth week of infection), RBC count (2.10±0.13 x 106 in the fourth week of infection) and significant increased (p?0.05) in WBC count (32.98±0.58 x 106 during the sixth week of infection) in comparison with the control group. The biochemical parameters of blood serum showed that there was the significant decrease (p?0.05)in glucose concentration and cholestrol concentration (170.60 ±2.01, 79.70±2.69 mg/100ml respectively in the fourth week of infection), total protein concentration (2.42±0.31mg/100ml in the fifth week of infection) and significant increased (p?0.05) in Uric acid concentration (6.52±0.82mg/100ml in the fourth week of infection) in comparison to the uninfection control group. Average of the weight referred to significant decrease (p?0.05) of chickens (213.16±3.12 gr) and consuming food (481±3.21 gr) during the fourth week of infection.While there were no differnces in the percentage of mortality comparison with the uninfected chicken of the control group. Also, the results of the number of released oocysts showed significant increase (p?0.05)in number of released oocysts with stool by infected foreign ckicken(Ross) in comparison with the local breed chicken which infected by the same parasite.Also, the number of the dropped oocysts of E.tenella were higher than that of E.maxima.

تاثير الاصابة بالاكياس المائية Hydatid cysts على مستويات مضادات الاكسدة في مصول المصابين == The Effect of Hydatid Cysts Infection On Antioxidant Levels In Serum of Infected Individuals

Author name: مريم ماجد محمد النصراوي
Supervisor name: نغم ياسين كاظم البياتي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في محافظة ديالى اذ تم جمع 100 عينة من اشخاص مصابين وغير مصابين بداء الاكياس المائية للفترة من 2013/10/1 الى 2014/8/10 من مناطق مختلفة تابعة لمحافظة ديالى والتي شملت (حمرين، المقدادية، قزانية، بعقوبة)، وقد توزعت العينات بواقع 54 من ا | The present study was carried out in Diyala province during the period from 1/10/2013 to 01/08/2014 in different areas including : Hamrin, Muqdadiyah, Kasaniya, and Baquba.Blood samples were collected from one hundred individuals who are at risk of hydatid cyst infection (veterinarians, shepherds, farmers, butchers and housewives).The diagnosis of hydatid cyst infection was carried out by Echinococcus IgG ELISA kit. It was shown that the total rate of infection was 16% (6% for male, and 10% for female). The study revealed that the highest percentage of infection was in individual live in urban compared with those who live in rural area.The mean concentrations of antioxidants ; glutathion, catalase and superoxide dismutase were measured in addition to measure the mean concentration of the oxidants.The results showed the presence of malondialdehyde in the serum of studied individuals. The results showed a decrease in the level of glutathion catalase and super oxide dismutase in infected individuals (0.0048±0.0596mmol/L, 0.0220±0.0260mmol/L, 0.0024±0.04430 mmol/L, respectively) compared with non - infected individuals (0.0237±0.2719mmol/L, 0.0024±0.0879mmol/L, 0.0428±0.3069mmol/L, respectively) while there was an increase in concentration of malondialdehyde (0.2245±2.915mmol/L) compared with non - infected (0.025±0.8042mmol/L). There was no significant differences in the concentrations of all these parameters according to age, sex and location of the cysts. The results showed that there was no correlation between each of catalase and superoxide dismutase and the malondialdehyde whil there was a negative correlation between glutathion and malondialdehyde. The study concludes that the infection of hydatid cyst leads to a decrease in antioxidants and to an increase in oxidants which may indicate that there was a damage caused by tissue infection.
1 ... 4 5 6 7 8 ... 12