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دراسة جزيئية و فسيولوجية للنساء المصابات بمرض هشاشة العظام في محافظة بابل == Molecular and physiological study in women with osteoporosis in Babylon province

اسم المؤلف: علياء سعد عبد كركوش
اسم المشرف: علي القزاز
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:

الكشف الجزيئي للمورثات المشفرة لانتاج حامض الهايلرونك في بكتريا المسبحيات القيحية == Molecular Detection of Genes Encoded to Produce Hyaluronic Acid In Streptococcus pyogenes

اسم المؤلف: كوكب عبد الله حسين السعدي
اسم المشرف: حسن فاضل ناجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:

تتابع مناطق فائقة التغاير للدنا المايتوكونديري للحصول على واسمات عدلية عربية عراقية == Hypervariable Regions of Mitochondrial DNA Sequencing for Arabic Iraqi Forensic Markers

اسم المؤلف: نهاد عيال مطر الراشدي
اسم المشرف: محمد عبد الله جبر | طالب عبد الحسين موسى
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:

الفعالية الضد بكترية للمركبات النانوية الهجينة (Naproxen and cephalexin) مع اوكسيد الزنك == Antibacterial Activity of Nanohybrid Compound (Naproxen and cephalexin) With Zinc Oxide

اسم المؤلف: مريم صباح ناصر الحسناوي
اسم المشرف: محمد عبد الله جبر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:

دراسة فسلجية ووراثية للمرضى المصابين بمتلازمـة الايـض == Physiological and Genetic Study of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

اسم المؤلف: ميثاق جاسـم حسيــن الجبــوري
اسم المشرف: حيدر كامل زيدان السعدي | علي حمود السعدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:

الكشف الجزيئي لبعض طفرات مرضى الثلاسيميا الكبرى بيتا في محافظة بابل == Molecular Detection for Some Mutations of ? - thalassemia Major in Babylon Province

اسم المؤلف: سارة فاضل بنية
اسم المشرف: انوار علي الحسيني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:

دراسة جزيئية لبكتريا العائلة المعوية المكونة للاغشية الحيوية على العدد الطبية داخل الرحم == Molecular Study of Enterobacteriaceae that Forming Biofilms on Intrauterine Devices

اسم المؤلف: زهـراء كامـل كاظم الحسني
اسم المشرف: حسن فاضل ناجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:

دراسة جزيئية ومنبعية على السفلس بين متبرعي الدم في محافظة ذي قار == Molecular and Immunological Study on Syphilis among Blood Volunteers in Thi - Qar province

اسم المؤلف: عمران مزهر لعواس
اسم المشرف: كامل مطشر الجبوري | يحيى عبد الرضا عباس
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الصفحات الاولى:

دراسة تاثير مستخلصي ازهار نبات القيصوم داخل وخارج الجسم على الخصوبة في ذكور الفئران == In vivo and in vitro Study on the Effects of Achillea millefolium Flower Extracts on Fertility in Mice Male

اسم المؤلف: ضفاف يوسف يعقوب بطي
اسم المشرف: Khulood Al-Sameraei | Mohammed A. Ibrahim
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2005
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

التحري الجزيئي عن جين الضراوة rmp لبكتيريا Neisseria gonorrhoeae المعزولة محليا من المرضى البالغين == Molecular Detection of Virulance rmp Gene in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolated from Adult patients

اسم المؤلف: مهـند كـريم عنيد الساعدي
اسم المشرف: نورية عبد الحسين علي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study included 80 clinical samples from patients suspected to have gonorrhoea (a urine sample and two direct smears from each patient) from different areas of Baghdad, the Kut and Suwairah regions, from private clinics and laboratories for the time period from November 2011 till June 2012. Cases caused by gonococci were diagnosed by finding the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria in the samples using microscopic examination and culturing on media cultures for all the 80 samples which included 17 (21.25 %) women and 63 (78.75 %) men. Microscopy and culture revealed that 47 out of the 80 (58.75 %) samples were positive : 35(43.75 %) of them diagnosed by both microscopy and culture on chocolate agar, Neisseria media and modified Thayer - Martin media; while 9 (11.25 %) samples were diagnosed by microscopy alone (cultures were negative) and the remaining 3 (3.75 %) samples by culture alone (microscopy was negative). Results of the genetic diagnosis looking for the bacteria causing gonorrhoea using primers specific for the rmp gene which were specially designed for this study revealed that 77 (96.25 %) of the direct smears and 75 (93.75 %) of the urine samples were positive. Results of the Nitrogen bases sequence of the PCR technology of the samples in this study revealed consistency reaching up to 99 % with the Nitrogen bases sequence of the rmp gene present in the N. gonorrhoeae strain of the WHO. This study presented high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of gonorrhoea using the PCR technology which is cheaper and faster than the conventional methods currently used in the hospitals and laboratories.

السيطرة الاحيائية واللااحيائية على نمو الفطر Aspergillus flavus والتعبير الجيني للجينين aflDو aflR وانتاج الافلاتوكسين B1 == Biotic and Abiotic Control on Aspergillus flavus Growth, aflD and aflR Expression and Aflatoxin B1 Production

اسم المؤلف: لبيد عبد الله نجم السعد
اسم المشرف: عدنان عيسى البدران | سامي عبد الرضا الجميلي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Fifteen isolates of Aspergillus flavus (AFL1 - AFL15) were isolated from multiple sources included soil, compost, seeds, fruits, feed and air. The isolates were identified morphologically then confirmed by molecular techniques. Only thirteen isolates were confirmed positively (AFL1 - AFL5 and AFL8 - AFL15) while two of them were not. A phylogenetic analysis was made which revealed that the isolates grouped according to their source of isolation. The aflR profile and phenotypic AFB1 production confirmed that all thirteen isolates posses the ability to produce AFB1 with significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among them. Growth rate profile was performed under 30ºC which showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among isolates. According to the above tests, A.flavus AFL14 was selected to be the experimental isolate for the rest of experiments in this study. Comparing to A.flavus NRRL3357 type strain, the impact of temperature, water activity aw and isolate factors was examined to determine the limits and optimum ecological conditions of growth of A.flavus AFL14. The results displayed that the best growth rate was (7.217 mm/day) at 0.98 aw where the lowest was (4.069 mm/day) at 0.9 aw with no growth at 0.85 aw while the impact of temperature demonstrated by outweigh of growth rate at 35ºC (6.201 mm/day) followed by 30ºC (5.272 mm/day) which exceeded 25ºC and 40ºC (4.604 and 4.051 mm/day), respectively.Bacillus subtilis (isolates : BSS1, BSS2, BSS3, BSS4 and BSW) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (isolates : PFMst and PFDL) were elected to be used as biocontrol agents. All the isolates were passed the biochemical identification tests moreover, BSS4 and BSW isolates of B.subtilis and PFMst and PFDL isolates of P.fluorescens were confirmed molecularly which used later in all biocontrol experiments in this study. The ability ofbiocontrol agents to inhibit fungal growth was investigated and the resultsshowed significant inhibition impact represented by significant outweighof B. subtilis BSS4 (99%) on the rest of B. subtilis isolates followed by P.fluorescense PFDL and PFMst (92.29 and 86.19) %, respectively, with nosignificant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among them. The extra - cellular abilityof biocontrol agents to degrade AFB1 showed a high degradation abilityIpreformed by B. subtilis BSS4, BSW isolates and P. fluorescence PFMst,PFDL isolates (100, 100, 97.805 and 97.396%), respectively. Thedegradation residues administrated to rats to determine their effect onbiosystems, the blood parameters showed a significant reduction ofWBC, HB, RBC, and P.C.V while there was a significant increase inUrea, Glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) Glutamic oxaloacetictransaminase (GOT) and MCV in AF+DMSO treatment comparing tothe negative and positive control. Water activity and biocontrol factorswere examined to control aflD and aflR expression and phenotypic AFB1production. When the experiment held using Nutrient Agar medium, asignificant inhibition of aflD and aflR expression (P=0.000 and 0.003),respectively performed by BSW at 0.94 aw comparing to 0.98 aw whileno significant inhibition was observed in the rest of the treatments. Allbiocontrol agents revealed high significant reduction of aflD and aflRexpression (P≤0.001) in each water activity level separately whichconfirmed by HPLC results. The phenotypic results showed that 0.94 awexceeded 0.98 aw in AFB1 reduction (2011 and 4280 ng/gm),respectively which agreed with gene expression results. When MaizeMeal Agar used as a medium, aflD expression presented a highsignificant increase at 0.98 aw relating to the NM level of each individualtreatment (P= 0.000 - 0.03) except PFDL+AFL14 which showed nosignificant aflD expression between both levels. aflR expression revealeda high significant reduction (P= 0. 000) caused by 0.98 PFDL+AFL14and 0.98 BSW+AFL14, respectively, while no significant differenceswere observed in the rest of the treatments or control. The HPLC resultsdisplayed a high significant reduction of AFB1 at 0.98 aw (8447 ng/gm)compared to (219000 ng/gm) at NM aw. The biocontrol agents caused ahigh significant reduction for both aflD and aflR expression (P=0. 000 - 0.043) under each individual water activity level while, HPLC resultsshowed non significant low reduction to the AFB1 performed by BSS4and BSW (25160 and 44790 ng/gm), respectively, followed by asignificant increase in AFB1 amount caused by PFMst and PFDL(267600 and 184100 ng/gm), respectively

انتاج وتوصيف لنقي المنتجات الايضية لعزلة Streptomyces ودراسة تاثيراتها المضاد حيوية والسرطانية == Production and Characterization of Purified Metabolites from Streptomyces Isolate and Study

اسم المؤلف: ليندا حميد تركي عطية الغزالي
اسم المشرف: رباب عمران راضي الجيلاوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: شملت الدراسة الحالية جمع 100 عينة من الترب بواقع 50 عينة من ترب صحراوية جمعت من المناطق التي تبعد مسافة 3 كيلومترات من بحيرة الرزازة و50 عينة من ترب زراعية جمعت من مناطق مختلفة من محافظه كربلاء المقدسة. حيث عزلت 26 عزلة من البكتريا الخيطية من الترب الصحراوية و36 عزلة من البكتريا الخيطية من الترب الزراعية ودرست الفعالية التضادية لهذه العزلات ضد اربعة انواع من البكتريا المرضية ( بكتريا الموجبة لصبغة كرام Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae وبكتريا السالبة لصبغة كرام (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeru¬ginosa وبطريقة التخطيط العمودي, واظهرت النتائج ان جميع actinomycetes المعزولة من الترب الزراعية ليست لها اي فعالية مضادة للبكتريا المرضية بينما كانت لبكتريا actinomycetes المعزولة من الترب الصحراوية فعالية مضادة للبكترياالمرضية وبمديات مختلفة تبعا لنوع البكتريا المرضية المدروسة, وقد وجد ان لثمانية من عزلات actinomycetes الصحراوية فعالية مضادة للبكتريا المرضية السالبة والموجبة لصبغة كرام وتبعا لذلك المدى الواسع في التثبيط اختبرت فعاليتها المضادة بطريقة الانتشار بالحفر, واظهرت النتائج ان العزله LHR 9 actinomycetesلها فعالية مضادة للبكتريا المرضية اعلى من العزلات الاخرى المختبرة وباستخدام طريقة الانتشار بالحفر, لذلك اختيرت لاكمال محاور الدراسة المتقدمة. درست الصفات المظهرية والبايوكيمياوية والزرعية للبكتريا actinomycetes LHR 9 بعد زرعها على اوساط زرعية مختلفة من وسط استخلاص Streptomyces الدولي واعتمادا على الفحص المجهري باستخدام المجهر الضوئي المركب وتحت قوى تكبير 1000و400مره لدراسة شكل المايسليوم الهوائي والارضي, وقد تبين ان للعزلة مايسليوم هوائي متفرع له مظهر مفصص وغير مجزا وباستخدام المجهر الاليكتروني الماسح تبين ان المايسليوم يحمل ابواغا ملساء وغير متحركة, وبالاعتماد على مجمل الصفات الزرعية والفسيولوجية المدروسة تبين ان البكترياLHR 9 actinomycetes المعزولة تعود لجنس Streptomyces. درست عدد من الظروف الزرعية والغذائية المثلى لتحسين انتاج مواد الايض الثانوي من البكتريا في وسط التخمر وقد كان وسط فول الصويا الحاوي على الدكستروز كمصدر كاربوني والبيبتون كمصدر نتروجيني وK2HPO4 كمصدر فوسفاتي وبظروف تخمر : بدرجه حراره 35م0 , وحموضه 7 , وقوه اهتزاز 200دوره \ دقيقه ولمده 7 ايام كفتره حضن هو وسط الانتاج الامثل . استخدمت مذيبات عضوية مختلفة القطبيةn) - بروبانول وكلوروفورم وخلات الاثيل ووالاسيتون والميثانول والايثانول (في استخلاص مواد الايض الثانوي المنتجة من بكتريا Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 المضادة للبكترياالمرضية وقد كان المذيب العضوي خلات الاثيل افضل المذيبات العضوية في الاستخلاص اذ اعطى مستخلصه البكتيري اعلى قيم في التثبيط البكتيري . نقيت مواد الايض الثانوي بعد استخلاصها بخلات الاثيل بعمود الفصل : جيل السيليكا ذو الابعاد (1.6× 14) سم وباستخدام الميثانول والكلوروفورم بنسبه 8 : 2 حجم\حجم كمحلول الغسل لسم3 واحد من المستخلص البكتيري , وقد جمع 50 جزء من المحلول الناتج بعد الغسل واختبرت فعاليتهاالتثبيطية لنمو البكتريا المرضية , وقد اعتمدت الاجزاء الفعالة لقياس التركيز المثبط الادنى باستخدام طريقة الانتشار من القرص, وقد كانت التراكيز (4.5 , 5 , 2.5 ,3)مايكروغرام/مل هي التراكيز المثبطه الدنيا لبكتريا Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aurues , Streptococcus agalactiae على التوالي. قيمت السمية الخلوية لمواد الايض الثانوي والمنقاة جزئيا لتحديد مدى فعاليتها المضاده للسرطان وبالاعتماد على فحص MTT (3 - (4, 5 - dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl) - 2 - 5 - diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) وباستخدام خطوط خلايا الثدي السرطانية وخطوط خلايا سليمة, وقد اظهرت النتائج بان التركيز 400مايكوغرام\ مل هو التركيز الامثل لتثبيط نمو الخلايا السرطانية بنسبه 60% مع المحافظة على 80% من الخلايا السليمة. اعتمدت الكروماتوغرافيا السائلة Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (LC - MS) في تنقية المركب الفعال وتوصيفة اذ اظهرت نتائج المخطط اللوني ان هنالك خمسة قمم وبالمقارنة مع الاطياف الكتلية للمركبات حسب المعهد الامريكي للمعايير والتقنية National Institute of Standards and Technology ان للمركب صيغة كيمياوية C18H32O2 ووزن جزيئي 282دلتن . درست الفعالية المضادة للاكسدة والمضادة للاورام لمستخلص Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 (المنقى جزئيا) في اناث الجرذان المختبرية المحفزة للاصابة بسرطان الثدي كيمياويا باستخدام مادة 7,12 dimethyl Benz (A) anthracene (DMBA) واظهرت النتائج ان لمستخلص LHR 9 Streptomyces sp. (المنقى جزئيا) القدره على المحافظة على تركيز الانزيمات المضادة للاكسدة في مصل الحيوانات المعاملة بمادة DMBA وبقيم مقاربة لما هي موجودة في مصل الحيوانات السليمة وقد تمثلت اثار ذلك بصغر وزن وحجم الورم فيى منطقة الثدي والتغيرات النسيجية الملحوظة, وعلى مستوى جزيئ ايضا اذ لوحظ وباستخدام تقنية Polymerase Chain Reaction - Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism(PCR - SSCP) التغيرات الوراثية الحاصلة للجينين ( Bcl - 2 وCaspase - 3) بفعل مادة DMBA ودور مستخلص Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 (المنقى جزئيا) في الحفاظ على الشكل الطبيعي للجينين اذ تبين ان هناك83.66% من الحيوانات السليمة و50% من الحيوانات المعاملة بالمستخلص البكتيري تمتلك جين Caspase - 3 بشكله الطبيعي بينما 66.66% من الحيوانات التي عوملت بماده DMBA فقط تمتلك جين Caspase - 3 من النوع الطافر وكذلك بالنسبة للجين Bcl - 2 اذ تبين ان هناك 78.66% من الحيوانات السليمة و60% من الحيوانات المعالجة بالمستخلص البكتيري تمتلك جين Bcl - 2من النوع الطبيعي بينما لوحظ وجود نفس الجين ولكن من النوع الطافر بنسبة 66.67% في الحيوانات المصابة بسرطان الثدي بتاثير مادة DMBA. | The present study included the collection of 100 soil samples from desert regions away from about 3 km from Al - Razzaza lake and agricultural regions at Karbala Province, Iraq. From these samples 26 and 36 actinomycetes isolates were obtained from desert and agricultural regions respectively . All actinomycetes isolates were tested for their antibacterial activity using primary screening against pathogenic bacteria by perpendicular streaking method .The results were showed that all the actinomycetes isolates were isolated from agricultural regions hadn't any antibacterial activity while the 26 isolates isolated from desert regions were had antibacterial activity in different spectra . Eight actinomycetes isolates from all the 26 desert regions isolates were selected for secondary screening due to their antibacterial activities with wide spectrum against pathogenic bacteria namely Gram positive (Staphylococ¬cus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeru¬ginosa) by the agar diffusion methods and the results revealed the selection of actinomycetes LHR 9 isolate for farther studies because it gave us the highest inhibition against the tested pathogenic bacteria growth. The active actinomycetes LHR 9 isolate was identified using several morphological and biochemical methods. The morphological characterization was involved the study of aerial and substrate mycelium on many International Streptomyces Project agar medium and using light microscopy at 1000X and 400X to study the mycelium morphology, as well as using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to examine the spore surface. The results exhibited that the isolate had the aerial mycelium which formed unfragmented, branched, looped and rectus - flexibilis hyphae type bearing non - motile spores with smooth surface. In addition to results of biochemical tests we could revealed that the isolate was belong to Streptomyces genus . The active isolate Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 was selected for optimization critical cultural and nutritional parameters for increasing the antibiotic production titer in fermentation medium (Soybean broth medium), the results showed the dextrose as carbon source , peptone as nitrogenous source and K2HPO4 as a phosphate source with fermentation cultural condition included ; temperature of 35 °C, pH 7 with agitation rate 200 rpm for 7 days as incubation period gave high values in active secondary metabolites production. The antibacterial compound from fermentation medium was extracted using liquid - liquid extraction method with various organic solvents n - propanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and ethanol) 1 : 1 (v/v) . the results was revealed the ethyl acetate the most efficient in extraction . The Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 crude extract was purified by using silica gel column (1.6 X 14) chromatography. Chloroform and methanol (4 : 1) (v/v), was used as an eluting solvent. The active fractions ( had the antibacterial activity ) were selected for determination the minimum inhibitory concentration and evaluation the cytotoxic activity using MTT (3 - (4, 5 - dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl) - 2 - 5 - diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The results of the MIC of partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract were 4.5 µg/ml for Escherichia coli, 5 µg/ml for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2.5µg/ml for Staphylococcus aurues and 3µg/ml for Streptococcus agalactiae . In vitro screening for cytotoxic activity was done by MTT assay for evaluation the anticancer activity of the partially purified antibacterial compounds produced by Streptomyces sp. LHR 9. The cytotoxic activity of the partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract was determined against established MCF - 7 cell line ( breast cancer cell lines ) and WRL cell as a representative of normal breast cell line, depending on their viability ratio. The viability of MCF - 7 cell line was decreased dramatically with the increasing in extract concentration in the same time the viability of WRL cell was decreased in slowly manner. The using of multiple purification methods Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (LC - MS) along with a sensitive measuring method and possibly isolation of these compounds should allow us to evaluate the entire potential of secondary metabolites production, the results from LC - MS chromatogram of the partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract showed five peaks, on comparison of the mass spectra of the constituents with the National Institute of Standards and Technology( NIST) library the compound was had the Formula : C18H34O2 and molecular weight : 282 D. The partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract was evaluated for its in vivo antioxidant and antitumor activity depending on the ability of 7,12 dimethyl Benz (A)anthracene (DMBA) to inducing breast tumor in female rat model, the results revealed the partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract had the ability to keeping the enzymatic antioxidant in approximately its natural concentrations (as the same concentrations in serum of negative group) in serum of tested rats which were induced breast cancer by DMBA and treated with partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract, so these results were more studied on histological plane and the results of that were achieved by decreasing in weight and size of the breast tumor of tested rats and other histological change in breast tissue. In addition to that partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract effect was more studied on molecular plane depending on the Bcl - 2 and Caspase - 3 genes mutation using Polymerase Chain Reaction - Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ( PCR - SSCP) analysis. The results were two conformations polymorphism in both Caspase - 3 gene ( about 83.66 % of negative group and 50% of treated group had three bands (wild type) where's positive control had 66.66% four bands (mutant type)) and Bcl2 gene (the wild type had one band such as negative group was 78.66% and test group 60%, compared with positive group (60.67%) have two bands(mutant type)). so these results suggest the active apoptotic property of Caspase - 3 and Bcl - 2 and the role of partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract effect in keeping them in their wild type.

التباين الوراثي في جينات TNF - ?, VEGF - A and IL - 10 المصاحبة لداء الصدفية == Genetic Polymorphism in TNF - ?, VEGF - A and IL - 10 genes associated with Psoriaasis

اسم المؤلف: خالد عبد الكاظم هادي الطائي
اسم المشرف: علي حمود السعدي | وسام علي امين عوض
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تقصي بعض التغايرات الوراثية لكل من (TNF - α, VEFGF and IL10) لدى مرضى داء الصدفية وعلاقتها بشدة الاصابة باستخدام تقنيات تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل وتباين اطوال قطع التقيد . بينما قدر مستوى الحركيات المناعية باستخدام تقنية الايلايزا.اجريت هذه الدراسة في الفترة من نيسان 2016 الى اذار 2017، حيث جمعت العينات مرضى داء الصدفية المراجعين لمستشفى مدينة مرجان الطبية، محافظة بابل / العراق. شملت الدراسة 64 عينة لمرضى داء الصدفية 40) ذكر و24 انثى) يبلغ متوسط اعمارهم (9 - 70 سنة)، كما شملت الدراسة 38 شخصا من الاصحاء (21 ذكر و17 انثى) يبلغ متوسط اعمارهم 15 - 65 سنة كمجموعة السيطرة جارت مجاميع المرضى.اظهرت النتائج زيادة معنوية في مستوى كل من TNF - α وIL10 في المصل لدى مرضى داء الصدفية مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة (P<0.01) . كما اظهرت الدراسة ارتباط معنوي بين مستوى TNF - α وشدة الاصابة ( - r=0.49, p=0.0001) بينما كان معامل الانحدار عكسي غير معنوي بين مستوى IL10 في المصل وشدة الاصابة ( - r= 0.29, P=0.0109) , وكان الانحدار عكسي معنوي بين مستوى IL10 و( - r= - 0.29) (p=0.0028) TNF - α. كما اظهرت النتائج ارتفاعا معنويا (P<0.01) في مستوى VEGF في المصل لدى مرضى داء الصدفية مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة بينما كان الانحدارغير معنويا بين مستوى VEGF وشدة الاصابة( - r= - 0.05) .اظهرت النتائج وجود ثلاث انماط وراثية للتغايرات في موقع الجين TNF - α - 308 حيث كانت النسب AA 5 (7.81%) ,AG 24 (37.50% وGG 35 (54.69% في مجموعة السيطرة كانت 10 (26.31%) , 16 (42.11% و12 (31.58% اما توزيع الانماط الوراثية الناتجة من تحليل جين VEGF+405 كان النمط الوراثي CG هو السائد 24 (37.05) لدى مرضى الصدفية والنمط الوراثي CC هو الاقل ظهورا 1 (1.56%).. اضافة الى ذلك اظهر نتائج تحديد تتابع النيكليوتيدات للموقع الوراثي IL10 - 1082 نمطين وراثين حيث كان النمط الوراثي GG هو الاكثر تواجدا لدى مرضى داء الصدفية ( 47.5%) والنمط GA بنسبة (28.5%) مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة التي جاءت جميعها بالنمط الوراثي GG. | Psoriasis is an immune mediated skin disease with a wide - world prevalence involves both genders and different age, it is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The current study aims to evaluate the association of (Interleukin 10, Tumor Necrosis Factor - α and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) genes polymorphism in psoriasis. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR - RFLP) and DNA sequencing techniques, while there serum levels determined by ELISA. This case - control study is done in a period of March 2015 to December 2017, where the samples collected from Marjan Medical City in Babylon Province. The number of samples was (64) patients psoriasis (40 males and 24 females ) with an average age ( 9 - 70 year), (50) of them were with type 1 psoriasis and (14) type 2. In addition, the study included 38 apparently healthy people who were (21 males and 17 females) with an average age (15 - 65 year), as control matched with disease group. The present study revealed a significant increasing (P<0.01) of Tumor Necrosis Factor - α (TNF - α) and Interleukin 10 (IL10) in patients compare with controls. In addition, there is a significantly regression between severity of disease and TNF - α serum level (r =0.49, p=0.0001) and non - significant invers regression with IL10 serum level (r= 0.29, P=0.0109). In addition, the results established an A significant negative correlation which has been found between IL10 and TNF - α (r= - 0.29) (p=0.0028). Physiological, the study shows significant increasing in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) level in patient compare with control (P<0.01). There is no correlation between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) serum level and severity or onest of disease (r= - 0.05).Genetically, analysis of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms PCR - RFLP genotyping for TNF - α - 308 G/A (rs1800629) SNP, Genotype distribution in patient were GG 35 (54.69%), AG 24 (37.50%) and AA 5 (7.81%) while in control were AG16 (42.11%), GG 12 (31.58%) and AA10 (26.31%).The genetic analysis of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of VEGF +405 SNP, genotype distribution CC homozygous was predominant in patient 39(60.94%) and GG homozygous was 24 (37.05) While the GCwas the least 1 (1.56%). Comparing with the control group was CG 18(47.37%), CC 13(34.21%) and GG 7(18.42%).On the other hand , the statistical analysis for the role of genotyping for TNF - α - 308 SNP in the Serum levels of TNF - α were different between TNF - 308 AA (126.90 ± 14.96) patients and TNF - α GA(106.55 ± 16.42) and GG (57.94 ± 7.72) genotypes (p < 0.01). Analysis for the role of genotyping for VEGF +405 SNP non - significant difference between homozygous CC (408.30 ± 0.00), homozygous was GG (326.00 ± 34.81) and heterozygous CG (376.41 ± 58.63).This result promotes that the both of TNF - α - 308 SNP polymorphism and VEGF +405 SNP strongly implicated in the pathogenicity, severity and onest of psoriasis.PCR - sequencing for IL10 - 1082 A/G (rs1800896) locus shows a significant difference of percentage distributions of alleles and genotypes for IL10 - 1082 (rs1800896) locus between patient and control, GG homozygous was predominant in patient (71.5%) while the AG heterozygous was (28.5 %). Comparing with control group GG (100%).

تقييم دور الجين في دم نساء عراقيات مصابات بسرطان الثدي == Evaluation The Rule of Mammoglobin A Gene In Blood of Iraqi Women With Breast Cancer

اسم المؤلف: نانسي فيصل رشيد
اسم المشرف: امنة نعمة الثويني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Mammaglobin A is a member of the superfamily of secretoglobins. Its expression is highly specific for mammary tissue and has been shown to be overexpressed in breast tumor tissue, indicating that mammaglobin A might confer a growth advantage to mammaglobin A - expressing tumor cells. The present study was undertaken to develop the mammaglobin A as a serum biomarker for the early detection of breast cancer, and breast cancer patients follow up after treatments. This study had taken ten months, it involved 84 patients with age ranged 15 - 74 years who had diagnosed with either stage I to III breast cancer or benign lesions of breast at certain Iraqi hospitals and breast cancer centers, and a total number of 10 apparently healthy individuals, with comparable age range of patients as control group.Ten ml of venous blood was collected from studied groups in order to be used for measuring estrogen and progesterone levels, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR) test for detection of their serum m - RNA mammaglobin A existence, and serum mammaglobin A levels using Enzyme - Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Demographic study revealed that most cases enrolled in this study were women within their reproductive age 25 - 44 years old. Distribution of patients according to age group, marital status, and lactation status showed no statistically significant association (P>0.05) with any of these variables, in all comparison.The hormonal study states that elevated levels of estrogen were observed in 52 (62%) patients, also decrease in progesterone levels were observed in 50 (59%) patients out of the 84 cases studied. This indicate a highly significant SUMMARYassociation (p < 0.01) between breast cancer risk, elevated estrogen levels, and decrease in progesterone levels. Mammaglobin A protein was detectable by ELISA in 100% of breast cancer patients (65 case), and not in any benign tumor patients (19 case) nor healthycontrol women (10 females) which indicate the highly specificity of ELISA test (P<0.01) for measuring mammaglobin A levels in patients serum. With high concentration of protein in sera of women with late stage of breastcancer compared with a low protein concentration in sera of women with early stage of breast cancer. By applying a statistical analysis on the result it was found that serum mammaglobin A ELISA test is highly significant (P<0.01) for, differentiation between patients with metastatic breast cancer and patients with early diagnosed breast cancer. In this work, SCGB2A2 gene which coded for mammaglobin A was detected in 64 out of 65 breast cancer cases, but not in the benign or healthy individuals indicating its high specificity as a marker gene (SCGB2A2) for cells derived from mammary glands. A statistical analysis was made for comparison between the three groups, E - Malignant Tumors \ Early Stage, L - Malignant Tumors \ Late Stage, and B - benign, (E, L, and B) which show that the results of molecular study of mammaglobin A detected by RT - PCR is statistically high significance (P<0.001) when used for the differentiation between E group and B group, also between L group and B group. The results showed that mammaglobin A can become an important tool for detecting primary and metastatic breast cancer, and predicting disease outcome.

التحري الجزيئي عن النمط الثالث لداء السكري البادئ عند النضج (MODY 3) في مرضى السكري العراقيين == Molecular Investigation of Maturity Onset Diabetes of The Young Type 3 (MODY 3) In Iraqi Diabetic Patients

اسم المؤلف: اسراء عدنان ابراهيم البغدادي
اسم المشرف: نورية عبد الحسين علي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: شملت الدراسة 63 مريضا مصابا بداء السكري غير المناعي المنشا في اعمار مبكرة من ذوي التاريخ العائلي بالاصابة بمرض السكري ممن لايعانون البدانة الذين تم اختيارهم من مرضى السكري من مراجعي المركز التخصصي لامراض الغدد الصم والسكري في الرصافة/ بغداد للفترة من ايار | This study included 63 non obese patients having early onset of non immunogenic diabetes with strong family history of diabetes selected from diabetic patients attended the specialized center of endocrinology and diabetes at Alrusafa/ Baghdad during period from the begging of May 2011 till the end of February 2013. The demographic study revealed that there is no association between the disease incidence with neither the gender nor the blood group. But there is a significant difference in the distribution of the patients according to age of the first diagnosis and gender, as the study showed that majority of male patients (53.846%) were first diagnosed with hyperglycemia below the age of 20 while the majority of females (72.972%) were first diagnosed with hyperglycemia after the age of 20.The distribution of patients according to the type of treatment also reveled association between the gender and both age of diagnosis and type of treatment of the hyperglycemia as the study showed that there is a higher percent of male patients (80.768%) using insulin at the beginning of their diagnosis with hyperglycemia or transferred later to insulin than those of females (67.565%).The present study reported for the first time in Iraq the presence of monogenic diabetes (maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3) as major cause of diabetes within non obese diabetic patients' early onset of non immunogenic diabetes with strong family history of diabetes. The sequence analysis of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1? gene showed that Iraqis have mutational hot spot at exons 3 and 4 of this gene responsible for maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3, and that mutations in the promoter region or exons 5, 6, 8 and 9 are a rare cause of diabetes.

التحري عن التشوهات الكروموسومية وطفرات المورث FLT3/ITD في مرضى ابيضاض الدم النخاعي الحاد == Screening For Chromosomal Aberrations And Gene Mutations FLT3/ITD In Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia

اسم المؤلف: سمارة كاظم محمد
اسم المشرف: عبد الحسين مويت الفيصل
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: صممت الدراسة الحالية من اجل تسليط الضوء على تاثيرات مرض ابيضاض الدم ((AMLفي بعض معايير الوراثة الخلوية والجزيئية الحاصلة في كريات الدم البيضاء في ثلاثة حالات للمرضى اشتملت على مرحلة ما قبل العلاج, في اثناء العلاج وبعد العلاج الكيميائي. كما شملت الدراسة ا | The present study was designed to shed light on the cytogenetic and molecular effects caused by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathogenesis in three stages before, during and after treatment with chemotherapy (in vitro) in lymphocytes. It was also aimed to investigate chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus formation and FLT3/ITD point mutations in CN - AML region 100 - 300 bp compared with healthy control. The study was comprised of forty - seven AML Iraqi patients their ages ranged between 2.5 - 81 years. It included twenty females and twenty seven males compared with twenty - six healthy control. The following results were obtained : AML is most common leukemia in adults and uncommon in children. It was found that 46.8% patients suffer from AML, who were under 15 years old, while 19.15% patients their age ranged between 16 - 30 years; 19.15% of patients their age were more than 45 years and 14.9% of patients their age ranged between 31 - 45 years of the total AML patients. AML is more common in males than females. The percentages of females and males were 42.5% and 57.5% respectively representing 1.35 : 1.00 male : female ratio. Two AML patients 5.3% have diploid cells when examined under light microscope. The highest mitotic index was 7.498±1.7 occurred in patients before taking treatment while recorded 6.784±4.5 during treatment and 7.000±2.5 after treatment. Nuclear anomalies such as nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds were observed in AML patients, Micronucleus mean values recorded 0.033±0.018, 0.020±0.00015 and 0.036±0.01for AML patients before, during and after treatment respectively when compared with the control which recorded 0.002±0.00002. Nuclear division index (NDI) means before, during and after treatment of AML patients were 1.658±0.2, 1.000±0.022 and 1.424±0.19 respectively. Significant differences occurred among the three groups when compared with the control group (1.282±0.09). Extracted DNA from 30 AML patients was amplified by PCR to obtain FLT3/ITD gene from exon 11 to intron 12 and ten of them sent for sequencing. Two patients showed larger bands (470 and 460) bp when compared with wild type (330) bp. Among six patients, three displayed point mutations of deletion and substitution while others were normal since no mutations were detected. The percentages of mutation types were substitution 57.78% and deletion 22.2%. The effect of mutations was missense mutation (55.54%), deletion (22.22%) and nonsense (22.22%). It has been concluded from the current work that AML is more common in adult males, patients suffer from AML exhibited high MI, NDI, MN and point mutations are present in such patients including deletion and substitution causing missense, nonsense and deletion.

التنميط الوراثي لمستضدات التطابق النسيجي في عينة عراقية من مرضى السكري النوع الثاني == Hla Genotyping In A Sample of Iraqi Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

اسم المؤلف: احمد كاظم محمد
اسم المشرف: محمد ابراهيم نادر | بتول حسن الغرابي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: داء السكري مرض واسع الانتشارعالميا تختلف نسبة الاصابة بين البلدان المتطورة والنامية ويعتبر المسبب الرئيسي للاعاقة والموت في العالم.داء السكري النوع الثاني هو الاكثر حدوثا حيث تبلغ نسبة الاصابة (90 - 95%) من مجموع المصابين بالسكري للانواع الثلاثة الرئيسية. | Sixty of non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients who were diagnosed according to American Diabetes Association criteria (ADA) 2007 were selected from the specialized center of endocrinology and diabetes (Baghdad AL - Russafa Health Directorate) during the period between first of May 2013 to last of October 2013.Their age ranged 35 - 70 years. Fourty apparently healthy individuals their age ranged (35 - 70) years were considered as control. Enzymatic colorimetric methods used for measured FBS (fasting blood sugar) and HbA1c (glycohemoglobin) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for hormones and enzyme markers. Fasting blood sugar revealed high significant in patients with median (11.6 mmol/L vs. 5.9 mmol/L) and (P<0.001) in comparison to control groups.Elevation of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with mean (9% vs. 5.5%) in comparison to control groups. Another reliable marker are the concentration Adpionectine hormone, Insulin hormone and adenosine deaminase activity the results of those estimated significantly difference between levels mean (20.7 vs. 34 ng /ml) in patients compared to healthy subjects (P<0.001) for adiponectin ; mean (106.6 vs. 59.3 ng/ml) for ADA (adenosine deaminase) with (P<0.001) and the median (12.1 vs. 16 uIU/ml) for insulin hormone with (P 0.001). In order to investigate the accuracy of previously mentioned tests, a statistical analysis [Receiver - Operator Characteristics (ROC)] has been applied to show the accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of the tests under test.This analysis revealed that serum ADA activity is the best marker with highly specificity 100%, sensitivity 100%, and accuracy 100% while; FBS was the best test with highly specificity 100%, sensitivity 100% and 100% accuracy in comparison with other tests. It was denoted that type2 DM was associated with certain HLA class II alleles were analyzed for their genotyping by Polymerase Chain Reaction - Sequences Specific Olegionucleotide (PCR - SSO) technique. The present study revealed that diabetic patients were positively associated with HLA - DQB1*0201 (83% vs. 5.0%) which is the most prevalent in patients followed by DRB1*1137 (46.7% vs. 0.0%); DRB1*0401 (41.7% vs. 2.5%), and DRB1*1306(15% vs.0.0%) while HLA, A*0201;B*3559;Cw*0410 and DQB1*0501 is negatively associated in type 2DM in comparison with healthy control groups.This study has shown that there is no significant association between FBS, HbA1c, serum insulin, HOMA2(Homeostatic Model Assessment2) ? - function, HOMA2 - IR, serum adiponectin, serum ADA and HLA alleles(DQB1*0201, DRB1*1137, DRB1*0401, DQB1*0501, DRB1*1306) in spite the significant associated between FBS and serum ADA and HLA - DRB1*0701 allele with (P 0.021, P 0.008) respectively.The current result concluded that there may be an important role for HLA genotyping in arising the chance for enhancing the susceptibility for either disease development or protection against its initiation.

انشاء وتوصيف لخط سرطان الثدي الخلوي العراقي == Establishment And Characterization of Iraqi Breast Cancer Cell Line

اسم المؤلف: مرتضى عادل الشامي
اسم المشرف: محفوظة عباس عمران | احمد مجيد الشمري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Several primary cultures were initiated from different samples obtained from Iraqi female patients of breast tumor, one sample was successful, and this sample was histological diagnosed as breast cancer infiltrating ductal carcinoma.The cell suspension was cultured in tissue culture flask and confluent monolayer achieved after 16 days from primary culture. The continuous subculture was done in grown cells in tissue culture flask each 48 - 96 hrs. Between subculture to other until across 50 passages through11months.In our current study different experiments were done to characterize the cultured continuous cells, which are studying the growth curve of the new established cell line and calculating the population doubling time that have been 22 hours.Furthermore, a morphological study was carried out by staining the cells with hematoxilin and eosin dyes. The cells were elongated multi - polar epithelial like cells with nuclear polymorphism and multi - nuclei, in addition to high nuclear to cytoplasm ratio, all these characters of the malignant tumor cells.The Cytogenetic study showed chromosomal aberrations with many numerical changes among the tumor cells and abnormal structure gives chromosomes with unknown origin called marker chromosome. In furthermore the G - band stained of normal 46XX chromosome was done to facilities the comparisons between chromosomes of the new established breast cancer cell line and normal chromosomes aberrationsImmunocytochemistry examination was done for the tumor cells grown in multi well tissue culture slide chamber to detect the presence of some hormonal receptors (ER and PR) gives negative result, and to test Her - neu2 gene that gives week positive result.

التقييم الجزيئي لنسخ جين المقاومة الدوائية MDR1 في بعض المرضى العراقيين البالغين المصابين بسرطان ابيضاض الدم الحاد == Molecullar Assessment of Multidrug Resistance Gene (MDR1) Transcript In Some Adult Iraqi Patients With Acute Leukemia

اسم المؤلف: كفاح جبار شاكر اليعقوبي
اسم المشرف: عبد الحسين الفيصل
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study aims to shed light on the follow up of acute leukemic (AL) patients at initial diagnosis and after treatment to assess the response and early relapse through evaluating the gene expression level of one of the major multidrug resistance genes which is the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) to investigate the possible association between level of MDR1 gene expression and the clinical outcomes and this may be considered as a potential marker for response to chemotherapy of acute leukemic patients. Furthermore, the current study correlates between the MDR1 gene phenotype and MDR1 genotype in three important coding regions (C1236T, G2677T/A, and C3435T considering the potential influence of altering MDR1 activity and its effect on therapy outcome as well as susceptibility to develop cancer.White blood cells (WBCs) isolated from 106 blood sample of acute leukemic patients were provided by Iraqi hospitals in Medical City. These samples were distributed as follows : 46 newly diagnosed patients with acute leukemia who had not received chemotherapy and follow - up 25 after 1st induction, 17 after 2nd induction and 8 at consolidation, with 10 blood samples of healthy voluntaries. Two comparative groups were taken included 46 sample of peripheral blood (PB) and 26 sample of bone marrow biopsy (BMB) in paraffin blocks to validate the level of gene expression compare to WBCs. For genotyping analysis, 56 of blood sample were taken to study genetic variation of MDR1 gene polymorphism. The samples preservation with TRIzol was done. Samples subjected to total RNA and DNA extraction, then molecular study by using reverse transcription, Quantitative Real Time - polymerase chain reaction (qRT - PCR) and direct sequencing, at Molecular Oncology Unit in Guy´s Hospital - Kings College / London.The study reached at the following results : 1 - The results showed age groups (20 - 39 years) were associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), while (13 - 19 years) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).2 - The level of MDR1 gene expression showed high significant differences with WBCs compared to PB and BMB.3 - The clinical outcomes indicated that the rate of complete response (CR) of newly diagnosed acute leukemic patients was 19(41%), while 27(58.7%) was non - responder (NR).4 - Statistical analysis showed significant differences with NR at initial diagnosis in acute myeloid leukemia, while appeared after 1st induction in lymphoid type.5 - The results of positivity MDR1 gene expression were 10(21.7%) out of 46 newly diagnosed in acute leukemia, while 36(78.3%) were MDR1 - negative depend on (1.1±0.03) cutoff value.6 - The positivity MDR1 gene expression appeared mainly in non - responders patients at initial diagnosis, and with early relapse patients, after complete remission, in consolidation.7 - The MDR1 mRNA expression showed significant differences with high level in NR compared to CR patients at initial diagnosis. During treatment follow up the increased level of MDR1 gene expression in CR patients and appeared non - significantly with NR.8 - The results of MDR1 C1236T genotype and allele frequency showed that 1236CC wild type genotype and C allele were significantly frequent in healthy control. While CT heterozygous genotype frequency was highly significant in AML and no significant difference in allele frequency. ALL showed non - significant difference in genotype and allele frequency of MDR1 C1236T.9 - Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (ORs and 95%CI) analysis showed no evidence associated with risk factor in MDR1 C1236T ALL carriers. While risk factor observed in AML with MDR1 1236CT carriers.10 - The results of MDR1 phenotype - genotype association indicate that MDR1 1236CC wild type was significantly high expression among healthy and it was aprotective genotype. While the MDR1 1236CT showed significant differences with high level of MDR1 gene expression in AML patients. Whereas ALL revealed significant differences in high level of MDR1 gene expression with MDR1 1236TT genotype. Both CT and TT were affected genotypes.11 - The results of MDR1 G2677T genotype and allele frequency indicated that 2677GA genotype significantly appeared with low frequency in healthy control with no significant difference in allele frequency. Both ALL and AML showed high significant frequency in 2677GT genotype. G allele frequency was showed significant differences in AML while non - significant in with ALL.12 - Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (ORs and 95%CI) analysis showed the MDR1 2677GT genotype was associated with risk factor to developing ALL and AML. Whereas the GG appeared associated with AML only.13 - MDR1 phenotype - genotype association, indicate that MDR1 2677GA genotype was significantly high expression in healthy individual. While AML patients showed significant differences with high level of MDR1gene expression in 2677GT genotype. ALL showed significant differences with high level of MDR1 gene expression in MDR1 2677TT genotype.14 - The results of MDR1 C3435T genotype and allele frequency showed significant difference in genotype and allele frequency with heterozygous CT in both control and AML patients and mutant T allele. Whereas non - significant genotype and allele frequency with ALL.15 - Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (ORs and 95%CI) analysis showed that the MDR1 3435CC genotype carriers associated with risk to developing ALL. While no risk factor associate with MDR1 C3435T variants to develop AML.16 - MDR1 phenotype - genotype association, indicate that the wild type 3435CC genotype was significantly high expression in healthy control. The MDR1 3453CT genotype showed high significance with high level of MDR1 gene expression inAML. While ALL showed significantly high level of MDR1 gene expression in 3435TT genotype.17 - The results of MDR1 genotype - phenotype association showed similar impact of MDR1C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T genotypes in AML clinical outcomes. The MDR1 CT/GT/TT genotypes were associated in NR AML with high level of expression at presentation, compared to significant low level in CC/GG genotype. In contrast, CR patients were observed non - significant with MDR1 gene expression at presentation and significant with low MDR1CC/GG genotypes in post treatment. In regards to ALL patients the MDR1 TT genotype showed significant differences with high level of MDR1 gene expression in NR and CR ALL at presentation and significant only with NR at post treatment. So there was no clear evidence between MDR1 genotypes and clinical outcome with ALL.18 - The haplotype results showed that the three MDR1 C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T genotype were linkage disequilibrium significantly with heterozygous haplotype B (CT - GT - CT) compared to A(CGC) and C(TTT). Also B haplotype appeared significantly with high level of MDR1 gene expression compared to A and C. According to the clinical outcome, haplotype B was observed significant differences in NR AML patients while other haplotypes were non - significant

دراسة جزيئية عن جين المقاومة mecA في بكتريا العنقودية الذهبية المقاومة للمشيسلين والمعزولة من بعض مستشفيات بغداد == Molecular Study For Detection of Meca Gene In Methicillin - Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Some Hospital In Baghdad City

اسم المؤلف: لمى ياسين موسى
اسم المشرف: محمد ابراهيم نادر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Two hundred and thirty clinical specimens were collected from two different hospitals in Baghdad during the period (December 2012 to April 2013). These specimens were collected from visitors, hospitalized patients and the health care workers in these hospitals. The specimens included nasal swab, wound swab, burn swab, abscess and pus, sputum, ear swab, urine and blood culture diagnostic results show that 150 out of the (230) specimens gave positive bacterial cultures and (100) isolates are characterized as Staphylococcus aureus depending on the cultural and biochemical examinations.the coagulase test was performed and the results showed that from total 150 isolates of Staphylococci, 100 isolates (61%) were coagulase - positive (COPS), while only 50 isolates (39%) were coagulase negative (CONS). In addition, the distribution of methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus spp. was investigated.The use of the antibiotic susceptibility profile for these isolates was examined against methicillin resistance. Using disk diffusion method revealed that (13) isolates were proved to be methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), While (87) isolates of S. aureus showed sensitivity to methicillin (MSSA) and there was no intermediate resistance among these isolates.The ability of MRSA isolates to produce some virulence factors were investigated and the results showed that MRSA isolates produce many enzymes and toxins that contributed in their virulence such as protease, urease, dnase and gelatinase, and also produce a beta types of haemolysins.The ability to produce slime layer by MRSA isolates was also investigated and the results showed that all isolates of MRSA were produced slime layer when theytested by Congo red agar method and the results showed that all of MRSA isolates produced strong slime layer.One of the aims of this study was to adopted a accurate diagnostic method to detect S.aureus by its genetic material contents through extracting of DNA and gel electrophoresis of the PCR product for the specific gene.Detection of methicilline - resistance gene represented by A confirmatory test was carried out for the selected isolates using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for further characterization up to the species level by the amplification of (mecA) gene.This is Staphylococcus aureus specific gene that encodes the extra Penicillin Binding Protein, which is unique to methicillin - resistant staphylococci. All the (13) positive isolates by disk diffusion test are found to be positive for the presence of (mecA) gene as their agarose gel revealed the presence of DNA band of mecA gene with a molecular size about (200 bp.).Results of the detecting (femB) gene showed that it was positive in all of MRSA isolates as they appear to have a band with a molecular size of about (651 bp). The genetic determinants of methicillin resistance mecA and femB genes were amplified using multiplex PCR technique in order to identify methicillin resistant (mecA+) and susceptible (lacking mecA) staphylococci and to differentiate S. aureus (femB+) from coagulase negative staphylococci (lacking femB). All of the S. aureus isolates (100%) were found to harbor femA gene, it is species specific marker for S. aureus.

مستوى هرمون الليبتين في مصل النساء المصابات بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض قبل وبعد العلاج بالميتفورمين == Serum Leptin Level In Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Before And After Treatment With Metformin

اسم المؤلف: بتول حسين كاظم
اسم المشرف: وليد حميد يوسف سندال النصيري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrinopathy in women, affecting 5 - 10% of women of reproductive age.The principal features of PCOS are anovulation, resulting in irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, ovulation - related infertility, and polycystic ovaries; excessive amounts or effects of androgenic hormones. Leptin, a key hormone in energy homeostasis and neuroendocrine function, has a permissive role in the pathogenesis of reproductive dysfunction. Aim of the study To assess the role of serum leptin in women with PCOS and to evaluate leptin levels in PCOS women before and after treatment with metformin. Materials and Methods This prospective experimental study included 60 women of reproductive age (18 - 38years) were allocated to four groups : 15 obese women with PCOS (BMI >30 kg/m2), 15obese controls, 15 non - obese women with PCOS (BMI 18 - 30 kg/m2), and 15 non - obese controls. Serum leptin and insulin levels were measured and compared between case and control subjects also comparison done before and after treatment with metformin. Results There was a significant increase in leptin in non - obese PCOS group (8.2±2.73) compared to non - obese control (5.64±1.43), (P value=0.0032), insulin level was significantly higher in PCOS group (15.87±6.65) than control (5.47±1.68), (P value<0.001). There was significant decrease in BMI, leptin and insulin levels after 12 weeks of metformin treatment in obese and non - obese PCOS subjects. Conclusions Leptin level increased remarkably with increasing body weight. It is higher in non - obese PCOS women in comparison with non - obese healthy women. Treatment with metformin for 12 weeks resulted in significant reduction in leptin levels in both obese and non - obese PCOS subjects.

مقارنة نسب الحمل للنساء اللواتي يعانين من توقف الطمث لاسباب ثانويه بعد استعمال ادوية المنشطه للحويصلات المبيضيه باستخدام التمنيه داخل الرحم والطريقه الطبيعيه للحمل == Comparison of Pregnancy Rate Between Intrauterine Insemination And Spontaneous Pregnancy After Ovulation Induction In Women With Secondary Amenorrhea

اسم المؤلف: سوسن كاظم عبد الامير
اسم المشرف: محمد باقر محمد رشاد فخر الدين
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: انقطاع الطمث لاسباب ثانوية هو انعدام الدوره الشهريه لمدة ثلاثة الى ستة اشهر للنساء اللواتي لهن دوره شهريه منتظمة.واستنادا لمنظمة الصحة العالمية ان انقطاع الطمث يتضمن مجموعة (WHOI) و(WHOII) والتي تكون (30%) من حالات العقم.وتعاني اكثر النساء ممن يكونون من م | Secondary amenorrhea refers to the lack of cycle for three months in a row or for more than six months in a woman who has had regular menstrual periods before, and its associated with conditions classified as World Health Organization (WHO) group 1 and WHO group 2 and has been estimated to represent almost (30%) of all causes of infertility. In clinical practice, WHO group 2 subjects present much more frequently than WHO group 1 subjects and they appear to be much harder to treat successfully. Among women classified as WHO group 2, those diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) constitute the largest group (60 - 85% of cases). These women account for most cases with oligomenorrhea (90%) and represent about (30%) of those with amenorrhea.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to find out the pregnancy rate following intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women complaining of secondary amenorrhea after induction of ovulation and compare it with those achieve pregnancy by natural way.Material and MethodsSeventy five females with secondary amenorrhea were involved in this study, there ages were ranged between (?30, 30 - 39, ?40) years old with infertility duration ranged between (?2, 3 - 4, 5 - 6, 7 - 8, ?9) years. History and medical examination were done for all women, with tubal patency assessment by HSG or laparoscopy.By cycle day two, hormonal assay (S.FSH, S.LH, S.E2, S.Prolactin and S.Testosterone) were done for all females in addition to ultrasonography to exclude any ovarian pathology.Ovulation induction program was applied for all females which include either clomiphene citrate (CC) alone, recombinant Follicular Stimulating Hormone (r - FSH) alone or combined CC and r - FSH. Vaginal ultrasonography was done for all females on day 12 or13 to assess ovarian response (size and number of mature follicles) and endometrial thickness. Meantime all male partners undergo seminal analysis to assess sperm parameters (sperm concentration, sperm motility and morphology).Thirty eight of females participated for natural pregnancy and thirty seven of females participate for IUI. Washing swim up technique was used for sperm activation for all male partner involved in IUI group.Follow up of all these females for pregnancy test to assess the pregnancy rate for both groups (natural and IUI).ResultsThe pregnancy rate achieved by natural way for a women with secondary amenorrhea is (23.7%), and (18.92%) by IUI way.In this study, it was found that female age, infertility duration, hormonal balance and ovulation induction program affect the pregnancy outcome where the young age group and short infertility duration correlate positively with pregnancy rate. Furthermore, early diagnosis of underlying causes of secondary amenorrhea to achieve hormonal balance by suitable ovulation induction program, have an effect on pregnancy rate, were combined CC and r - FSH produce a significant result among females achieve pregnancy by natural way (13.5%) compared with other ways. While ovulation induction by r - FSH drugs produce a significant results (13.5%) among females achieve pregnancy by IUI way.ConclusionFrom results of this study, it was concluded that young female age, short infertility duration, early diagnosis of underlying causes of secondary amenorrhea and the use of r - FSH drugs for ovulation induction produce a high significant pregnancy rate using IUI program.

انتاج انزيم السيليلز من عزلة محلية لبكتريا B167 Streptomyces sp. واستخدامه في انتاج الوقود الحيوي == Cellulase Production From Local Isolate of Streptomyces Sp.B167 And Its Application In Biofuel Production

اسم المؤلف: بنان محمود سليمان
اسم المشرف: ناظم حسن حيدر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى انتاج انزيم السليليز من بكتريا الستربتومايسس ودراسة تاثير بعض الظروف الزرعية على انتاج الانزيم; انتاج الوقود الحيوي من المخلفات السليلوزية من خلال التحلل المائي للمخلفات بالاحماض والانزيمات المايكروبية. تم غربلة 74 عزلة لبكتريا St | The current study was aimed to produce biofuel from cellulosic waste material degraded by local isolate Streptomyces. Seventy four isolates of Streptomyces were screened for cellulase production in solid and liquid media. The results showed higher capability of isolate Streptomyces sp. B 167 for cellulase production and bioconversion of cellulose. Therefore, it was selected for further studies. The results of optimization revealed that the cellulase enzyme productivity by the isolate Streptomyces sp. B 167 reached to 2.1 and 2.28 U/ml after 48 h of incubation time and pH 7 respectively. Cellulase productions in tested isolate improved (2.57 U/ml) by supplementation of cellulose liquid medium with 1 % of yeast extract as nitrogen source. Additives of carbon sources like (manitol, glucose, maltose, sucrose and starch) to the process of saccharification did not improve the cellulase productivity. The bioconversion of cellulosic waste to reducing sugar was maximum with Banana peels (77.78 %) followed by the rice husk (75.56 %), orange peels (71.11 %), corn steep peels (60.0 %) and lowest bioconversions (53.33 %) were recorded with sawdust. The degradation of cellulosic waste increased with increasing substrate concentration. Maximum cellulase productivity (3.18 U/ml) and bioconversion (86.1 %) was obtained at 3 % (w/v) of cellulosic waste (Banana peels). Saccharification of cellulosic waste with different treatment methods was studied. The pretreatment of cellulosic waste with 1 % HCl and H2SO4 produces 21 and 15.8 g of reducing sugar / 100 g of cellulosic waste. In comparison, hydrolysis with Streptomyces sp. B 167 enzymes resulted a significantly higher amount of reducing sugar yield (25 g / 100 g cellulosic waste). Further fermentation of cellulosic hydrolysates was performed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae using stationary fermentation condition. Maximum yield of ethanol were (0.30, 0.19 and 0.10 g ethanol / g glucose) observed with Streptomyces sp. B 167 enzymes, HCl and H2SO4 hydrolysates respectively after 48 h of fermentation
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