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المواقف السياسية للبدريين بعد وفاة رسول الله (صلى عليه واله وسلم) الى نهاية العصر الراشدي Political Stances For Badraiyn After The Death Of The Messenger Of Allah " Mohammed "(Peace Upon Him) Till End Of Al - Rashidi Era

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: علي محمود حاجم المالكي
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: نعيم دنيان عبيد الغراوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: The study of the history has not been regarded as thinking in the past that blocked the reality and its questions , but rather it has been considered as an introduction to build the selfness and to achieve change and renaissance. The history , to implement that goal should depend on a set of factors including the deep understanding of the history and balanced vision for the past. Actually, we do not bear responsibility of what others did ,but what they did formed a strong base for any new activity. Reading the history and leading the same way others has led , provide important lessons having to be considered , as Allah Said in Quran " Have not they walked on earth and see how was the consequence of those preceded them”. Of those people were 'Badryun" who formed a significance in the Islamic history and that reached to holiness among most of Muslims. This holiness gets from their prestige via defending the religion in the battle of "Badr". The Islamic History in all its phases endowed with outstanding stages led to important results, of those stages is the battle of "Badr" in the second year of immigration. This stage has been considered as a decisive one where Muslims appeared strong that bewildered Quraish and others who were enemy to Islam and that they should re - considered their instance toward Islam. Due to victories "Badr" achieved , the Badryun became and represented the basic base for Muslims at that time. "The Badryun" that represented a huge significance in the Islamic history reached to holiness stage among many Muslims , but they had been considered as a justice hugely adhered to legislative measures the Islamic religion called for. This holiness got from their prestige that clearly reflected in their defense their religion in the Battle of " Badr". The idea of circulating theory of justice of fellows has been started and the goal behind this circulation was to make the justification a convinced one to have " Maawya Bin Abi Sufyn" ascend "'Caliphs". This theory makes " Maawya Bin Abi Sufyn" equal to fellows of the messenger "Muhammad" (Peace upon him) despite his prestige and rank and despite "Maawya 's violations. The historic reality indicated that " Maawya Bin Abi Sufyn" had become " Caliphate " for Mulsims where many "Badryun" are still alive.This is naturally that the political benefit necessitates to circulate the idea to have all fellows justice
الصفحات الاولى:

مدينة غزنة : دراسة جغرافية تاريخية (334 - 617 هـ / 945 - 1220م) Ghazni City Historical Geography Study (334 - 617 AH / 945 - 1220 AD)

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: علي عبد المحسن راشد
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: ناجي حسن هادي الموسوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: The study of cities in the Islamic countries gains a great benefit as it demonstrates their roles and effects on all fields of life, such as religious, political, social or scientific and shows their statues in the world. Studying cities lately in the twentieth century interested researchers who thoroughly studied cities typography and their architecture buildings which help finding out other aspects of the cities and their development.Therefore the researcher opted to study the city Ghazni by a study entitled (Ghazni City : A Geo - Historical Study 334 H/617 AD). The study covers the city geographically, historically, politically and scientifically. The reason behind choosing Ghazni, which was among the first cities conquered by pioneer men of Islam, is its importance because of : 1 - It's important location in the Islamic eastern part, Sajistan in Afghanistan which borders India. From Ghazni Muslims launched their conquests towards the region of Sind and the other parts of India. Ghaznavids had the greatest role in spreading Islam to India launching their conquests from Ghazni, until the Ghurids came and concluded the conquests and stabilized the foundations of Islam there.2 - Being a juncture of trade roads among the cities of Khorasan and Persia and the cities of Sajistan and India. It was prosperous in trade and its citizens were wealthy.3 - Its role in science and the contributions of Ghaznavids in enriching Islamic sciences and spreading Islamic civilization in India.It is worth mentioning that the researcher encountered difficulty in finding resources, particularly Persian one that deal with Ghazni. However, this didn't hinder the researcher from fulfilling this study. The study is divided into three chapters as well as appendices. Chapter one is a geographic study to the city of Ghazni; its location, borders and cities surrounding it as well as its economic activities, social sects, plans and the most prominent civilization sites and villages.Chapter two discusses with the political life of the city of Ghazni. It shows the political situation in the city in (334H/617AD) and the nations ruled it; Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids and Khawarismis, as well as mentioning the nature of power of each nation, the transition of poweramong these nations, how did they took power, reasons behind this, and fall of each and the reasons, Sultans and Emirs who ruled it.Chapter three discusses the scientific situation of Ghazni, the embrace of scientists by Sultans. It also mentions teaching centers and sciences studied in Ghazni whether intellectual or material as well as scientists.In the conclusion the researcher includes what outcomes the study has arrived at.
الصفحات الاولى:

المنهج التاريخي عند مصنفي الفهارس الرجالية الشيخ منتجب الدين الرازي (ت 585هـ) انموذجا The Historical Approach For The Writers Of Biography Books Sheikh Muntajabaldeen Al - Razi (585 AH ) As A Model

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: علي عباس نسيم الوائلي
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: سامي حمود الحاج جاسم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: Islamic Sharia depends in great part in its principles - especially those imposed by Allah Almighty on his creatures - on worshipping. The last one depends on the principle of the good and the bad which Allah only knows and has determines to reform the condition of the people in life and hereafter. This is called worship. Islam has left a great space for man to ponder depending on his taste to see the good and the bad, and the right from the wrong, and has left him free in many of his behaviors that have no effect in the interests. This is called the permissible things. Attaining the knowledge of the stipulate principlesdepends on two important sources : the holy Quran and the Sunna taken from the narrators which is the hadith of Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) and his caliphs. The narrators are the human means who inform us the divine codes, from whom we take and apply them. Therefore, we should be confident that what they have given us is the right thing. On that basis the science of Almalrijal (biography) was founded. Many books were written in that basis like the book of Al - fahares, the treatise of Al - Razzi, the biographies of al - Kishi, fihrist Al - sheikh al - Toussi. During the last decade the academic studies tackled in the higher studies for the departments of history some of the books of the imamate history which is rarely studies in other histories.The importance of this study is in being a study of the approach of biography, which is (Al - fahares) which had not been studies. That gives the thesis an originality. The thesis consisted of the following Davidsons and subdivisions : Chapter One tackles the meaning of firistand the sincerity of the narrator in determine the meaning of the sheikhs of Ejiaza , sheikh of narration. Then we defined the arts which we come up with.The second inquiry is about the narrators and the codntion of justice in their documentation, we also studied their private and general documentation. Chapter Two tackled the approaches of the fahares with a review of the first fahares. We displayed in the first inquiry the meaning of the approach and the method of conveying the information for the writers. The second inquiry tackles the study of eight old fahares which one of the materials that are in our hands. Chapter one of the second inquiry tackle in its first inquiry the biography of Al - skiekh al - MuntajabAldeenAlrazzi displaying important aspects of life, especially the scientific biography. The second inquiry tackles the environment in which he al - MuntajabAldeenAlrazzi lives.The second inquiryof the first Chapter tackles the environment in which Muntajab AldeenAlrazzi lived, i.e. the city of Ray, displaying the hsitorym geography economy and politics.Chapter two tackled the study of the fihrist of Al - Muntajab Aldeen Alrazzi study of the importance.The Conclusion includes the ideas resulted from the study. Then a list of references and resources and an abstract in English.
الصفحات الاولى:

الرسول الكريم وعترته الطاهرون (عليهم السلام) في مصنفات ابن تيميه : دراسة تحليلية مقارنة The Glorious Prophet And His Etra (P) In The Classifications Of Ibn Taymiya - A Comparative, Analytical Study

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: علي ابراهيم عبيد الجميلي الموسوي (البصير)
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: سامي حمود الحاج جاسم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: This Ph. D. dissertation is divided into four parts. The first part is titled (Ibn Taymiya in his true image). It contains three chapters, the first of which is titled (His social and scientific biography). The second chapter focuses on (The features of his time). It is divided into two main essays; the first of which is titled (His political and social time). The second essay is titled (His intellectual and religious time). The third chapter studies (His style with the others and the opinions of scientists about him). It contains two essays; the first of which is about the style of Ibn Taymiya with the others. The second essay is about the opinions of scientists about him. First, the opinions of those who praised and supported him are cited. Then the opinions of those who opposed and criticized him are cited. The second part is titled (The biography of the prophet (P) in the heritage of Ibn Taymiya). It includes four chapters, the first of which is titled (Ibn Taymiya's position towards the characteristics of the prophet (p)). The second chapter is titled (Ibn Taymiya's position towards the shrines of the propher (P)). The thirds chapter is titled (Ibn Taymiya's Offences towards the prophet of Allah (P)). The fourth chapter is titled (Ibn Taymiya's opinions about some of the Hadeeth quoted from the Prophet).The third part is titled (Biography of the Prince of the believers Imam Ali Bin Abi Talib in the classifications of Ibn Taymiya). It is divided into three chapters, the first of which is titled (Ibn Taymiya's position towards some of the Ayat of Quran which praise the prince of the believers). The second chapter shows (Ibn Taymiya's position towards the narrations praising the prince of believers). The third chapter discusses (What events Ibn Taymiya denied in relation to the prince of believers (P) until his martyrdom).The fourth part is titled (Biography of the holy lady Fatima Al - Zahraa and her infallible sons in the classifications of Ibn Taymiya). It is divided into three chapters, the first of which is titled (Biography of the holy lady and her two noble sons in the classifications of Ibn Taymiya). The second chapter illustrates (The biographies of the guiding Imams in the classifications of Ibn Taymiya). This chapter focused on four of the guiding imams; Imam Zain Al - Abideen Ali Bin Al - Hussein, Imam Mohammed Bin Ali Al - Baqir, Imam Jaafar Bin Mohammed Al - Sadiq, and Imam Mousa Bin Jaafar Al - Kadhim (P). The final chapter in this part shows the opinions of Ibn Taymiya towards the rest of the guiding Imams, starting with Imam Ali Bin Mousa Al - Ridha, then Imam Mohammed Al - Jawad, and his son Imam Ali Al - Hadi, his grandson, Imam Hassan Al - Askari, and concluding with the Imam of the age (may Allah precipitate his relief). This dissertation reached a number of conclusions, foremost among them : 1 - One of the main reasons for the extremism of Ibn Taymiya and his stray is the political, social and environmental conditions in which he lived. Those conditions had a negative effect on his personality, in addition to what he suffered as a result of not having any tribal ties. Nobody was able to find out his tribe, even those closest to him. His most known name, Ibn Taymiya, attributes him to a woman on whom there are no known facts to illustrate her personality, position and role. 2 - The opinions of Ibn Taymiya and his ideas show a clear disturbance in his personality, as he did not agree with any scientist of his time. In fact, he disagreed with all the scientists who preceded him, including those of his own Hanbali sect, and their Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal. The severity of disagreement with others led to the issue of prison sentences against him a number of times. 3 - In all of his opinions, there was not a trace of a scientific advancement or contribution to any field. Instead, his opinions clearly reflected a similarity, if not a match, to those of the Kharijites. He would attack his opponents with curses, name calling, and foul language. Then he would revile them as infidels, and confiscates their lives, families, and wealth. His fanatic opinions had a distinctive effect on some of the people. They were influenced by his opinions in a way that distorted the features of the Islamic religion. 4 - The opinions of Ibn Taymiya lacks the simplest elements of a scientific opinion. They were not built on sound scientific foundations. They only matched his whims. He would support a certain theory at some time, only to contradict it at other when the conditions of the time and trends change. That goes for his positions towards other scientists; he would support them when he agrees with them, and attacks them when he disagrees. 5 - The most distinctive feature in the heritage of extremism and hatred of Ibn Taymiya is his vile animosity towards the prophet and his descendants. He strayed from the general trend of the nation, by contradicting every praise and miracle that were ever mentioned about the prophet's family.
الصفحات الاولى:

الاحوال العامة للاكراد في المشرق 132 - 565هـ / 749 - 1258م General Conditions For Kurds In The Orient (132 - 656A.H\749 - 1258A.C)

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: علاء حبيب عبد العذاري
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: كاظم ستر خلف العلاق
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: The study of the history of peoples to know the political, economic, social and scientific studies of their situations that are difficult to access them, because of the uncertainty surrounding it and overlap with neighboring clans.There is no doubt that the Kurdish people have been playing an important role on the overall events, as a human species that inhabited the Muslim Levant.It differed greatly in determining the areas of their presence in this region (Mashreq), which are difficult to quantify the different Albuldanyen in drawing boundaries, so it was the Kurds who are in different forms in terms of well - traveled areas, and just as likely in other.Our study has focused them on multitude areas, due to the clarity of the civil features in terms of stability.The limits of our study them within the area bounded by the south of Armenia and even the boundaries of the country beyond the river without crossing.Researchers made no mention of this region clearly, but previous studies determined certain city, where Kurds Ooomarh presence, such as a study researcher Hossam El Din Naqshbandi City Aldeanor, study researcher Riad al - Zubaidi, the emirate Al - husnoah.This thesis consisted of six chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion and supplements.The first chapter discusses : the historical origins of the Kurds in the Orient, and was on the three sections, the first taking him to nominate the Kurds and the origin of the label, as well as eating the difference in the origin of the Kurds.The second topic addressed the geographical distribution of the Kurds in the Levant saying they are the areas, while the third section devoted to learn the language of the Kurds and their religion, the Islamic conquests of the Levant.The second chapter : dedicate the contributions of political and administrative Kurds in the Orient, and was the first of it Section eat ambitious Abu Muslim political Khorasani, while the second section may display the UAE, which created the Kurds in the Levant, and the third section dealt with the study of the contributions of administrative Kurds.The third chapter : to show the contributions of military Kurds, as well as their participation in the opposition movements of the Abbasid Caliphate, was on the three sections, the first taking him to accredited to the Kurdish military regime, while touched second section the military for their contributions and their relationships with the UAE their neighboring countries, and it was the third section has allocated to find out contributions to the Kurds in the opposition movements.The fourth chapter handled the economic conditions of the Kurds in the Orient, and was on the three sections, the first of it dealt with agricultural activity and livestock, while the second section allocated for industrial activity, was Conclusion Chapter III Section, which touched on the commercial activity of the Kurds.The fifth chapter : to give us a clear picture of the social life of the Kurds in the Levant across three sections, we dealt with it layers of the Kurdish community, and the place of women in it, as well as the religious doctrines deployed in their country, while the second section Vtm the study of public life for the Kurds, and it was the third is dedicated to find out the mostimportant customs and traditions that were prevalent in the Kurdish community.Finally, chapter six : life science for the Kurds in the Orient, the first section dealt with the prosperity of the scientific movement factors, while the second section devoted to the scientific contributions to the Kurds in the field of religious studies, while the third section Vtm know their contributions in the field of language and humanities.
الصفحات الاولى:

ال حمويه الجويني ودورهم السياسي والعلمي في مصر والشام في القرنين السادس والسابع الهجريين Al Hamaweh Al Jweni And Their Political And Scientific Role In Egypt And Levant In The Six And Seven Centuries A.H A Study Of The Essenion Community

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: علاء حامد احمد محمود
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: مشتاق كاظم عاكول المياحي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: We saw the Levant and Egypt during the sixth and seventh centuries AD upswing in the scientific movement, and this activity led to the delegations of many of the Senate and science students who accuse the supply of science, especially after scientists DAI with great interest by the sultans and princes in the Levant and Egypt became their status and a great degree of high - have, especially after the Levant saw a semblance of stability in a state of Nur ad - Din and Saladin, is the science flights of the most important factors that help the activity and prosperity of the country to attract many of the learners, most of the elders who move between Islamic countries were hold boards of scientific and workshops, and was among the senators who came from the Islamic Orient to the Levant Imad Eddin Omar bin febrile year (564 AH / 1168 AD) and his son Mohammed, Prince Nur al - Din Mahmoud Zangi has honored him and assigned him the position of Sheikh Sufi sheikhs, even this has become Family great prestige of sophistication including notorious for its science and knowledge and became an active role in the revitalization of intellectual movement in the Levant and Egypt, then it soon this family that entered in the political and the diplomatic corps Vtoloa Study diplomatic embassies in the Ayyubid era fair King Mohammed full and his son, Then they turn away military positions and Adhawwa leaders and warlords and armies of soldiers, and took control the Sultanate administration, until it reached their case that consulted in the inauguration of some Ayyubid sultans, and adopted them sultans, princes Ayyubid heavily in various military and political fields.Busy and some members of the family in the scientific aspects more than the political aspects even ended up to authorship, classification and became her prestige in the Muslim communities in the Levant, Egypt and the rest of the country Islamic.The reasons that led me to write on this subject, there were several things to choose the subject.1. Statement of the original home and the society in which it was formed this family, and the statement of its position in the new society that has moved him in the Levant and Egypt.2. Clarify the role played by the family of febrile Jouini in the political, military and intellectual aspects in the Levant and Egypt during the sixth and seventh centuries AD.3. The lack of an integrated study of the achievements of febrile Jouini family, and stand on the details of those achievements that characterized it.4. After reviewing the most of what has been said about this family in most sources and references, and found it worthy of a study that examines the life of this and the impact of scientific, political and military family, according to a scientific Platform correct
الصفحات الاولى:

احكام التجارة في كتاب المخصص لابي الحسن علي بن اسماعيل المعروف بـ ابن سيدة (ت458 هـ/1065م) : دراسة مقارنة The Rules Of Trade In The Almukhasas Book Of Abilhasan Ali Bin Ismaeel Well Known By Ibn Sayadah (Dead On 1065 A.D) A Comparison Study

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: عروبة حاتم عبيد
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: نضال حميد سعيد الربيعي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: After this study of the rules of trade in the Almukhasas Book. it's been possible to reach the following results : 1 - The scientist took a great unique position among his era's scientists due to what God granted this blind scientist cleverness and judiciousness in language, so he became the pioneer of language of Andulus in that time, his father insisted on teaching him since he was a child, and many great sheiks contributed in constructing his personality, also the encourage of the prince Mujahid Bin Abdullah Alaamery a big role in influencing the intellectual emerging of Ibn Sayadah. All these factors together helped in classifying his books like (Almukhasas) as the first grade linguistic lexicon in Andulus. 2 - Ibn Sayadah depend mainly in enriching his knowledge on the books of his previous linguistics like Alkhaleel , Sibawaiyh, Abi Ali Alfaricy and Ibn Jiniy and others, Ibn Sayadah was searching in every subject then make it his resource like books of Ibn Alsikeet, Thalab Abi Zaid Alansary, Ibn Alarabi and Alihyani and others. 3 - Ibn Sayadah is considered as the first lexicon where rules of Islamic Shariah were explained, was like a rich sea source of knowledge, a saturated records including a lot of tales in the economic Islamic intellect , these tales included many significant economic subjects. 4 - Its turns out that many of Ibn Sayadah books that were mentioned in his Almukhasas book were extremely briefed in information, that some of them were one line only no more. 5 - Ibn Sayadah affirmed on applying rules that regulate commercial exchange and these rules emanated from Quran and completed their content from Prophet Mohamed Sunna and added from what prudent mentioned that explained what was similar in these rules. 6 - All Ibn Sayadah's books came simultaneously with what decided in the Islamic economic method in trade , so he called people to work with and make them as the most blessed ways of living, and bounded it with a borders of values and stipulations that make them as a common benefits for individuals and groups. It warns from the taboo trades or manipulating the forbidden trades in any kind of dealing. 7 - The novels of Ibn Sayadah explained in the field of market management as the care of Islam in this matter with an extreme care, that Islam apply a precise system that ensure no any oppression upon the dealers, he insisted on reaching of the commodity till be in the market so that the seller realize the sound price of the commodity without any pressure. 8 - Ibn Sayadah explained about cheating in market and how Islam prohibited that like cheating the purchaser to be convinced to buy it with a more excessive expensive price far from its real value, or like showing the client the good part of the commodity and hide the decade part of it, mixing the bad materials with good ones warned against asking another client to pretend willing to buy goods with a more high price to convince others to buy that goods. 9 - Economic Ibn Sayadah's novels insisted on truthful dealing, considered the high value ethics as a lofty feature and interacted with economic dealing legislations apparently with no ambiguity.10 - The Islamic economic style with comprehensiveness in its rules and according to the common benefit, that its rules were not temporary or instantaneously but they were for common and including all people and for all times, as prove for that what issued against wine trading that these rules were emanated from Quran as the verses of Quran opposite to this matter were not addressing a special group of people of in a certain time but the rule crucial and for all human being and for all times including nowadays. 11 - Almukhasas included kinds of contract treatments like entrepreneur and partnership and his statements were correspondent to the Islamic economic method in discrimination between entrepreneur and partnership by placing each in its appropriate position ,because the capital of the company is from all partners, means the work is the right of every partner even if he didn’t work in the company, while in the entrepreneur the capital is submitted from a side and the work is submitted from another side.12 - Almukhasas included many novels of sales, some of them were sound sales, prohibited sales that have many manipulations and oppressions like cheating, expired materials and fake goods, they are void and agreed are prohibited in all Islamic doctrines.
الصفحات الاولى:

الصلات العلمية بين العراق ومصر (247 - 334هـ/861 - 945م) Scientific Links Between Iraq And Egypt (247 - 334 AH / 861 - 945 AD)

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: عبير غني كاظم الخفاجي
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: محمود تركي فارس اللهيبي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: This title of this thesis is ((Scientific links between Iraq and Egypt(247 - 334 AH / 861 - 945 AD))). This thesis was divided into four chapters.The first chapter deals with the study of the most important scientific centers in Baghdad and Egypt, which helped to lay the foundations of the Islamic faith. It included the most important scientific centers, including mosques and Koranic schools, councils and debates and aspects of books and (Al - warakeen) books sellers shops and others. While the second chapter of religious sciences marked by the science of the Koran, which included science readings, cut short as the study of celebrity readings scientists between Iraq and Egypt and learning in their councils.As well as modern science through the concept of the modern and the role of the people of Iraq and Egypt in the supplement of this science and published in Egypt and the journey in the pursuit of knowledge between the two countries.And also a study of Jurisprudence and science as the study focused on the concept of an Islamic Fiqh and its development through historical stages and the emergence of Islamic sects and the motives that led to the emergence of those doctrines. And the study of the most important scholars between the two countries and also in this chapter study of the most important Sufi mysticism and scientists between the two countries.Chapter three, includes language and grammar, the most prominent linguists and grammarians in Iraq, Egypt and the hair and the most prominent poets in Iraq, Egypt and different kinds of prose.And stand on this science scholars between the two countries, Iraq, Egypt, the most important of flights between the two countries in this scientific field. Turning in the fourth quarter to the humanities and included historical, geographical, knew the history and contributions of the two scientists in providing the historical thought. And the most prominent historians in Iraq and Egypt have been in this chapter the study of geographical and highlighted the contributions of scientists and researchers in geographic knowledge.The fourth chapter has been included on the mental sciences between the two countries, Iraq, Egypt, the most important contributions of scientists in providing the scientific movement between Baghdad and Egypt in the fields of medicine, pharmacy, theology, philosophy, translation, astronomy and chemistry.The we record our findings and conclusion through this thesis with a summary of the findings of the results taken from approved sources in the search.
الصفحات الاولى:

المرويات التاريخية لسبط ابن الجوزي ومنهجه في كتابه مراة الزمان في تواريخ الاعيان للمدة (590 - 654هـ/1193 - 1256م) The Historical Narratives For Sebt Ibn Al Jawzy And His Approach In His Book Mera'At Al Zaman Fe Toearekh Alaian For Period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D)

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: عبد الرزاق عبد الرسول رشيد الخفاجي
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: علي حسن الغضبان
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: Saw the seventh century A.H / thirteenth century A.D the emergence of a group of historians, eminent, who had a significant role in the field of historical notation, and perhaps the most important of these historians Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi , and who knew large in various fields of science for his contributions, including historical writing, it left us Legacy great in this area, and represents in his book (mera'at alzaman fe toearekh Alaian ) , as this book is one of the most important sources of Islamic history, especially Ayoubi, where increasing importance of this book in the period under study (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D), as well as it that Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi were age at that time, it was a companion to the kings built Ayoub, participated with them in some political events, and as a result he has left us a wealth of important historical novels about that era. In this sense, we have found that the character of Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi historical Narratives and systematize the study in his book mera'at al zaman for period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D) extensive scientific study indispensable, because of its importance and the lack of studies on this subject; so we decided to respond to this topic To shed some light on the personality of Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi and his book mera'at al zaman. Necessities study has necessitated the division of this research into four chapters, preceded by an introduction and followed by a finale, where we dealt with in the first chapter biography of Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi and his time, as this chapter is divided into three sections, presented the first section of the biography of the life of sebt Ibn Al Jawzi personal, and either the second topic was eating sebt Ibn Al Jawzi era political and cultural terms, while we dealt with in the third section of the Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi of Scientific Biography. While we were in the second quarter to publicize the book mera'at alzaman fe toearekh Alaian and the methodology of sebt Ibn Al Jawzi the period (590 - 654 AH / 1193 - 1256 AD), this chapter is divided into two sections we discussed in the first section of it to publicize the book mera'at alzaman fe toearekh Alaian, while eating the second topic approach in which sebt Ibn Al Jawzi - period (590 - 654 AH / 1193 - 1256 AD). The third and fourth chapters, it has touched the two historical Narratives of Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi for period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256A.D) we have in which to read the book mera'at al zaman , collecting Narratives pertaining period under study, and the extrapolation of other historical sources that dealt with this period, and compared with the report by Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi novels, and discussing the novels in which historians disagree, and install agreed novels. In the third chapter we dealt with the historical Narratives of sebt Ibn Al Jawzi from the Abbasid Caliphate other Narratives sporadic period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D), this chapter is divided into two sections we dealt with in the first section Narratives Sebt Ibn Jawzi of the succession to Al Nasser ledin Allah , for the period (590 - 622 A.H / 1193 - 1225 A.D), while the second part, we have been in it to Narratives from the Abbasid Caliphate period (622 - 654 A.H / 1225 - 1256 A.D) Other Narratives scattered about the Almohad dynasty in Morocco and Andalusia, and the natural phenomena and facts bizarre period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D). The fourth chapter discussed Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi Narratives from the Ayyubid and Mamluk period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D), has been divided into three sections, we dealt with in the first section Narratives for the Ayyubid period (590 - 615 A.H / 1193 - 1218 A.D), and the section The second has been Narratives for the Ayyubid in the era the King Al Kamel Mohammed(615 - 635 A.H /1218 - 1237 A.D), while the third section addressed to Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi Narratives from the Ayyubid and Mamluk period(635 - 654 A.H /1237 - 1256 A.D). Have we faced during this study, many of the difficulties, and perhaps most notably the difficult security situation which is going through our beloved country, which negatively impacted us, this as well as the large number of scientific material and abundance, we have tried as much as possible to cover all aspects of the study, and other obstacles that we faced is the difficulty in obtaining some sources, we have been able, thanks to God Almighty to overcome most of these difficulties.
الصفحات الاولى:

المستشرق الاسباني ميغيل اسين بلاثيوس (1871 - 1944) وجهوده في التراث الاسلامي Spanish Orientalist Miguel Asin Palacios' And His Efforts Of Islamic Heritage

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: ضياء ماجد حسن العبودي
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: فلاح حسن الاسدي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2017
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: A study of the orientalist's , Miguel As?n Palacios, efforts for Islamic heritage is of vital significance that needs a more investigative attention which can explore the privilege of this scholar in Islamic and Arabic studies. His theses and views, with reference to his presentation of Islamic outstanding scholars and their efficient role and contributions, his introduction of the active chemistry between Islam and Christianity, and his introduction of medieval Arabic and modern Spanish, are highly appreciated and influential. Chapter one, titled "The Inception of Spanish Orientalism untill Miguel As?n Palacios", is divided into two sections; section one introduces the early stages of Spanish orientalism and its peculiarities compared to European attempts, while section two is devoted to Miguel As?n Palacios with reference to his early life and study in Zaragoza, Arag?n, besides his professors; Francisco Codera and Juli?n Ribera. Chapter two, titled "Miguel As?n Palacios's Studies of Islamic Prominent Scholars and Scientists", is divided into two sections; section one introduces his studies of logic and Islamic theology highlighting the principles of Islamic doctrines in Al - Ghazali, Ibn Hazm and Ibn Tamlous's works.Whereas section two studies prominent Islamic philosophers like Ibn Bajah, Ibn AlUraif, and Ibn Asayed. Ibn Bajah, who is the forerunner among his contemporary philosophers, has been studied extensively by Palacios who has published Ibn Bajah's "Mahassen AlMajales". At the end of this chapter, Ibn Asayed is studied by Palacios who has published his book "AlHadaaiq". Chapter three, titled" The Beginning of Sufism in Andalusia", spotlights on what Palacios has written on Ibn Masarra of C?rdoba and his school shedding lights on Palacios' ideas and views. That is, Palacios' ideas and views of Ibn Masarra and his Sufism school as well as how Ibn Arabi's sufisim impacting greatly Palacios' thinking, are presented. Chapter four, titled "The Influence of Islam on Christianity for Palacios' Thinking", is divided into three sections. Section one examines the relationship between Sadilies Sufism and Spanish Christian Sufism. Section two studies the influence of Israa and Mirraaj story on Divine Comedy by Dante where Palacios has traced back the origin of this work to the Islamic heritage and culture. Section three investigates the impact of Ibn Rushd of C?rdoba on St. Thomas Aquinas. Palacios finds that the Islamic philosophy has an impact on the Dominican sect represented by Thomas Aquinas. Palacios has thoroughly studied the writings of both these philosophers finding that there is a great similarity between their views and theses, and Thomas Aquinas has been greatly affected by Ibn Rushd's views and methodology. In other words, Thomas Aquinas has adopted the Islamic theology originally proposed by Ibn Rushd after the adoption of the Islamic heritage and culture for Christian doctrine of Eastern Church; whereas Dante has not taken a lot from Islamic ideology in his Divine Comedy except for Ibn Arrabi who is considered a Christian orientalist in his views and ideas
الصفحات الاولى:

اقليم خراسان : دراسة في الجغرافية التاريخية من سنة 132هـ الى سنة 656هـ Khurasaan Canton Study In Historical Geography From The Year 132 H To 656H

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: صدام جاسم محمد البياتي
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: كاظم ستر خلف العلاق
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: No doubt that subject of historical geography from important subjects which need from researcher understanding action the geography surrounding in the historical events , if the understanding of history understanding rational need good knowledge in change of surrounding circumstances which located in frame it history events , but that such this knowledge necessity most of the time , to test truth of historical narration and stipulated from limit it truth , for the sake of securing this aim need knowledge farther to study historical geography.Now that this meaning was developed to pass historical ages and according to different point of view , where know its study of outward look change to surrounding , we refer to also it is the science which have explanation the geography action in historical events , by that historical geography underline about political changeable border to canton and what it relating in that from wars names and invasions which led to obtain canton or lose it , from that appears that historical geography not small branch from geography branches as economic geography and political geography but it group complementary geographies ,and through this preface to definition in term the historical geography we outs in glance about it , he is complement the geography in all branches especially the rights of natural and humanity to service the history events and advance it incidents.Perhaps choose khurasaan canton pivot to study because it was from important cantons added to Islamic Arab state , because of the geography locality who distinguished in it in the farther of northeast , then to the humanity fortune and natural which distinguished in I on all levels and sides from growing , industry , trade , building and mineral fortune.Therefore historian worthier large interest in news this canton and care mentioned it towns and villages and workers and scholars ,and may be reason in that return to this canton since Arab occupy it staying in it a lot of Arab tribes , until close to be part from Arab Islamic lands , also the mixture culture and customs and traditions of Arabic with customs and traditions of Persian overdo action even the Arabic language became the language of culture and political in khurasaan to late time.And no hidden on more that khurasaan canton active role in a lot of political events and specially Ala,Abassiya invitation who choice from it place for spreading it thoughts and declaration after that and dashing from it toward Iraq and toppling in The Umayyad Caliphs at year (123H).This Study includes : Prelude and five chapters , beside the conclusion and a list of sources and modulation and references. The first chapter have administrative geography to khurasaan , and clarifying the name and the location and the border and geography climate , then important administrative terms in khurasaan. The second chapter from study have the civilization outward to cities and building in khurasaan , from where mentioned important khurasaan cities such as Naesaboor , Marow , Huraat , and Balakh , and it civilization development and building. The third chapter we review the population setup to khurasaan social and action of natural disasters and diseases in it , and clarifying settling of population in khurasaan. The fourth chapter special to study economic geography to khurasaan canton , we try clear natural fortune and progress the economic trinity to canton from growing ,industry , and tradeThe five chapter special to study political history to khurasaan canton from the year (132 H to 656 H) , for the sake of clarifying political geography to canton and active the geography members in it. At last was The conclusion to explain the importance what was the research reach to from results about this study. At the end I want to show that I do my best in this research and if Successes in it that will be from God merciful. if it was the other side so that from myself that because I want to be most clear in my research and in God we trust.
الصفحات الاولى:

ابرز احداث الحروب الصليبية بين مؤرخيها المعاصرين العرب واللاتين : دراسة نقدية مقارنة (489 - 895هـ/ 1095 - 1489م) The Most Outstanding Events Of The Crusader Wars Between The Contemporary Arab And Latin Historians (A Comparative Critical Study 489 - 895 A.H./ 1095 - 1489Ac)

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: شروق مجيد محيبس السراج
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: عباس عبد الستار عبد القادر الزهاوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: This thesis deals with the most outstanding events of the crusader wars between the contemporary arable and Latin historians (a comparative critical study, an image that is governed in two opposite views, an Islamic view towards a Latin topic of the crusader wars, by all its events and consequences. These are the topics of our thesis from the beginning of the Crusades and the results it comes up with. The thesis concludes that in spite of the difference of the two views, there are many agreements and similarities that led to the signing of conventions and between the two parties, and also led to attitudes that were governed by tolerance like the attitude of Salah Alden Al - Ayubi towards the residents of Jerusalem when liberated it from the Crusader control, and how he treated the Crusader prince who were captured in Haotin Battle. Also, a notable example was how Al - Kamil Al - Ayubi, sultan of Egypt, treated the emperor Fredriech II. There was a friendly relationship at the hands of the Crusades. The thesis also concludes through some of the Latin historians that there were admiration and praise as a result of following the policy of tolerance and pardon as well as recognition of their knighthood and heroism like the case of EmadAldinZenki and his son Nor - Aldin Mahmoud and Salah Aldin. The research proves that failure which afflicted the mogul - Crusade against Muslims, especially in the Levant and Egypt, had reasons and consequences the most importance reason was the solidarity and coherence among the Muslim factions for the reason of evacuate the Holy Lands for any foreign existence. It shows that the divisions among the Crusaders princes, monarchs and knights, especially the English and the French, and the French and Germans, were not divisions because of competition and the capturing of authority, but mostly due to the feeling in Europe in general and in Papal feeling that those monarchs and princes do not serve the Crusader and the Cross cause, but they were out of the papal claim that they were out of law. Therefore, the Pope made a decree to excommunicate the German Emperor Friedrish II. Also, the weakness form which the crusaders suffer becomes clear when the sought support by the Moguls. But the Crusaders were not united in that alliance with the Moguls. Antakya allied with them and some refused the alliance as in Akka. The research concludes that the Muslim husotrianswere not neutral and objective in dealing with the Crusader leaders and they were described as ‘damned and outlaws’ and ‘heretics who worship the trinity.’ Many of the historians did not mention the name of the king but they only mention the title like ‘the Prince,’ ‘the King’ or the Emperor’ and the like. The study concludes that the mutual civilizational effects between the Muslim east and the Latin west were one - sided which resulted in the future European Renaissance that includes all the intellectual, military and social fields. The civilizational sharing which happened after warring and aggressing andhostility made the Europeans recognize not only their defeat but also they acknowledged the crimes which they had committed. Finally, this thesis is like a work that contributeswith other researches and studies about the Crusader movement as a suitable place, before the judges of history, for the disasters and pains it caused and has left behind.
الصفحات الاولى:

مرويات ال البيت (عليهم السلام) في مؤلفات السيد نعمة الله الجزائري (1050 - 1112هـ)

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: سوزان ازاد نوري
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: بهجة علي محمد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

اسرة ال اعين واثرهم في الاسلام The Aain Family And Their Impact In Islam

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: سهيل صالح جالي المالكي
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: صباح شاكر فليح الغراوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: All pries is to do Allah and peace and blessing be upon Muhammed and his househeld. The Islamic message were not addressed to a particular nation or nationalism, but it was a message to all the nations of different religions and origins and nationalities, and that is absorbed by all these elements and was able to collect in Bodqp which all loyalties melted, and became the only loyalty to the religion and resulted in great human civilization which emerged humanitarian features and scientific, and study the history of families is one of the important studies in Islamic history, no doubt they dealt with the study of the lives of numerous characters and contain so many different roles carried out by those personalities emerge in stages. This was the nature of the research required to make it in the introduction, three chapters, that chapters was not equal; and according to the scientific article that are available for each chapter, and that has been reached and gathered from sources, began to head - in which showed the importance of the subject and the reason for choosing the subject, the contents of the chapters , and the methodology and the difficulties encountered and overview of sources and references,.. then fundamental conclusion we have drawn them to this thread points, and supplement, as well as proven sources and references. the first chapter title : ( definition of the family of Al Aain of the political, intellectual, and their era) in which we highlighted on (Sensn) family grandfather, and find out the origin of the family, then find out (the Aain) and the father of the family that his name, and how to enter in Islam and joining the tribe of Bani Shiban which We lived Kufa, and then we reviewed and audited in the some of his soons , and the different narrators in it, and the piography of each person of men Al Aain and their, soons who were linked to the Imams (peace be upon them), and then we talked about the home of the family, their mosque, and we ended to the Chapter to speak about the political their time and intellectual especially in the reigns of Imam Muhammad al - Baqir and Ja'far al - Sadiq (peace be upon them); Because of their close contact with them, and their commitment to the pace of the household (peace be upon them).The second chapter entitled (interpretative impact, and ethical impact, historical impact) talked about the importance of interpretation, and aware of the readings. One of the sons of the family the readings scientists, and looked at the impact of family men in interpretative area, as well as a review of some models of their novels in interpretation Quran and divided it into : what came in the prophets and their people, and the other in the Imams (peace be upon them) and the Shiites, then the moral impact, and a profile science ethics, their talks for Imams (peace be upon them) in the moral side, the choice of divided it into sections models, according to the alphabet, then historical events, it dealt with the display models of the age of the message events, and the Umayyad era, and in the novel Mahdism And singled out the third chapter and last title (verbal impact and impact idiosyncratic) which dealt with the impact of verbally family, and divided into three points : the first : for theology defined and its origins and its importance, and the second : Speakers of the Al Aain and their role in the debate the people of deviant beliefs, and. Ideological talks in (Theology), while the impact idiosyncratic talked about jurisprudence, and the history of jurisprudence, and scholars of the family, and especially the role of Ben Zuraarah in this area, and the rest of the men of the family, and in the jurisprudence(branches of religion). The curriculum in writing is to deal with the sources of cash closer reading and analysis of information on sources and compared with each other through information analysis and linked with each other and the information that conclusion describes the impact of the family, and especially in relation to novels.
الصفحات الاولى:

الاسر العلمية في المغرب العربي واثرها في الحياة العامة من القرن الثالث الهجري حتى نهاية القرن الثامن الهجري The Scientific Families In The Arab Maghreb And Their Impact On The Public Life From The Thirteen Century A.H. Until The End Of The Eighth Century A.H

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: سندس غني عريبي الحديثي
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: سهيلة مزبان حسن
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: تعتبر الاسرات العلمية من الظواهر البارزة في الثقافة العربية الاسلامية منذ العصور القديمة ولقد شجع الفتح الاسلامي في المغرب بعد انتشار الاسلام ورسوخ الحضارة والفكر الاسلامي في المغرب العربي على ظهور العديد من الاسر العلمية التي كان لهم الدور البارز والمميز | The scientific families are considered is one of the prominent manifestations of the Arabic Islamic culture since old times. The Islamic conquest encouraged the emergence of many scientific families after the spread of Islam in the Mghreb. They had an eminent role in the history of the Arab Maghreb states. The scholars and scientists have got the care and the interests through the different Islamic ages not only of the authority but also the social strata. They are, as the Holy Scripture stipulates, the inheritors of the prophets. That made their circle lofty. Each family of the scientific families has a tangible impact in that. Among them there were families who succeeded science and art and knowledge. They assumed the highest social statuses, and their role was not sufficed to the other fields like trade, judiciary and ministration. That is attributable to the emergence of the role of families as the nuclei of the Islamic society in which the individual is raised and are cultivated. Among the many reasons that led me up to choose that subject is the care of scholars in old and modern times, and the impact of that in the various aspects of life in general. However, no study has tackled scientific families comprehensively. I endeavored to explain the features of the scientific families from which many scholars and scientists descent, in every field. Each one followed the course of that who preceded him, and it was among the reasons is to reveal the role of scientific families which were spread in the Maghreb state. The nature of the study requires the division into an introduction, a preface, four main chapters and an introduction as well as abstracts in Arabic and English. The Introduction tackles the geographic position of the state of Maghreb, and the states which were established there starting of the Aghalibiya state and ending with the Hafsiya state. Chapter Two was devoted to the study of the role of scientific families and the most prominent sciences with which they mastered. Chapter Three was devoted to the study of the impact of scientific families in the administrative, political and military aspects.Chapter Four is devoted to the study of the role of scientific families in the social and economic life. The Conclusion includes the summary of the findings and then the references and sources.
الصفحات الاولى:

المرويات التاريخية في كتابات الشيخ المفيد (ت336 - 413هـ/ 947 - 1022م) The Historical Narrations In The Books Of Al Sheikh Al Mofeed 336 - 413 AH / 947 - 1022Ah

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: سندس زيدان خلف الشجيري
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: جاسم صكبان علي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: It's well - recognized for all , that History is considered a record for time and civilizations as well as a measuring system for State' Conditions and the great men who were mentioned by the History either because of their own genius in sciences , fighting or in Policy. Arab & Islamic Homeland had presentedgreat numbers of Historians and Scientists who were greatly mentioned in History. Amongst them was Al Sheikh Al Mofeed(336 - 413 / 947 - 1022) who was characterized with originality and pedigree in ideology as well as with the penetrating mind in comprehension the Islamic Sciences , and , learning , and all these characteristics were reflected into his many books in the fields of Islamic Law "Al - Fak'h" , Exegeses , Tradition "Hadith" , History , Philosophy and Dialectic. So , he was considered as Encyclopedia Of His Time in the space of Islamic Sharia and other fields. His own thoughts were regarded as expanding books and summarized messages in various Human Sciences up to our time as delightful and fruitful lessons to understand the facts which are accompanied with evidences such as The Holly Quran and Sunna and else which are emerged first.For the importance of studying History , we must depend on great accuracy in transforming History with examining and full study in order not to be used by enemy who intend to destroy our Civilized and Dogmatically Libraries. In other hand , we must , as well , to study Our History in full examining and understanding and screening it from any smears , and to purify it so as to appear in very clear and pure form to be benefit for others.Al Sheikh Al Mofeed had paid great interests for the historical books while his books were estimated about 200 Books , just 46 one wen did receive as Volume , books or Letters. He was characterized with the new method as he had a critical sense and great ability of analyzing to study the event and to submit it in an easy method far from ambiguous and free of equivocation as it was represented by Arabic ciceronian Style with boldness and easiness of words , besides discussing the points of view in calm and frank style depending on the mental evidences. Since the studies that had dealt with Al Sheikh Al Mofeed ' books were very few , additionally , that this Study will give the reader a general idea about his own books which had included intimations and news about The Prophet Mohammed (Almighty Allah peace upon him) and other prophets , therefore we have selected The Historical Narrations in the Books of Al Sheikh Al Mofeed. Thesis is subdivided into two sections : - The First One : ? First Chapter has included the general countenances for The Era ofAl Sheikh Al Mofeed , and it is divided , as well , into four topics , the first one is the political Countenances , the second one is about Economic Countenances , the third one is about the Social Countenances while the fourth one is concentrated on The Cultural Countenances in Baghdad.? Second Chapter has included the Personal & the Scientific Biography of Al Sheikh Al Mofeed. It's , also , subdivided into three topics , the first one His own Personal Biography such as His Full Name and surname , his birth , his life in very details , his personality , his death and , last , his tomb. While the second topic has included his scientific biography with mentioning to several number of instructors who had appreticed with , then some of his practical life. The third topic it is concerned with his own scientific position among the instructors , then an aspect of his practical life is mentioned to. The third topic , the last one , has referred to his scientific position among other thinkers and scientists of that period with mentioning for several of his students.? Last but not latest , Chapter three which has included the approach of Al Sheikh Al Mofeedin writing his books , it's subdivided into three topics as well, the first topic is ti submit all his books with classifying them according to their subjects with rapid presenting for the titles of his own books which couldn't find yet , while the second topic has dealt with the historical approach in writing his books which has distributed in ten points , first of all is his using Reference in his writings as well as depending on brief and details and his mentioning to Quantities , Countries and Names for the persons and their surnames and ancestries accompanied with dates in writings ,as well as , setting introductions for each subject , in addition to refer to some explanations for some leggings and measurements , last he depended on using the repetition. The third topic had dealt with his quotes and references which are divided into four groups : such as Verses Of Holy Quran , Hadith Of The Prophet and the written or the audible references and the documents. - The Second One : ? Chapter One of Thesis which includes The Historical Narrations in the Books of Al Sheikh Al Mofeed , as a result of the embranchment of these Narrations' subjects besides their shortness and disability of classifying them , sometimes , in a chief axis , therefore the scientific necessity was demanded dividing them not on the base of their subjects but they are divided into divisions according to the political , ideological , economic or social purposes , they are as following below : Chapter One has dealt with the political field in five topics , the first topic has studied the narrations at The Prophet Mohammed (Peace upon him) and it was described due to their events such as BADR BATTLE , OHOD BATTLE ,when The Prophet had replaced some companionate to be deputized instead of him in Fighting or praying affairs. The second topic has dealt with the narrations at the era of ABO BAKER (Allah Bless him)and his reign Islamic Caliphate , while the third topic has dealt with the era of OTHMAN BIN AFFAN (Allah Bless him)and his reign Islamic Caliphate and the narration of his assassination , and the fourth topic has dealt with the narrations of IMMAM ALI BIN ABI TALEB as well as mentioning to GHADEER KHOM And AL JAMMAL BATTLE as well as to mention his assassination and his Holly Shrine , the fifth topic , the last one , has dealt with the narrations of IMMAM HUSSIEN ( Peace on him ) As well as has dealt with AL TAFF BATTLE and the effects of this Battle and how it had happened.? Chapter Two has been represented with the Conceptual Field , and to submit the most important narrations which Al Mofeed had referred to , was the narrations of the Historical criticism.The second topic Al Sheikh Al Mofeedhad referred to several divisions and had divided them into two parts , the first one the Islamic group like Shiite , Al Imamia, Al Kesania , Al Nawoosea , Al Mu'atazala , Al Zaidiya , Al Karamita , Al Isma'eeliya , Al Shamtiya and others. As well as mentioning to the meaning of Exaggeration " AL GHOLO ". Secondly dealing with The Non - Islamic Groups , while the third topic has referred to the case of Disappearance (Al Ghayba) and the narrations of AL MEHDI UBIITY (peace on him) and mention also , first , to The Holy Scriptures , secondly , has pointed to different events , and the fourth topic has dealt with the real fact of The Black Stone and the reasons behind its existence and its creation. While the fifth topic has described several concepts Al Mofeed had referred to like the concept of speech ,the concept of Reviviscence (Al Raja'a) in Holy Quran , the concept of Fatality. The sixth topic has dealt with The month Of Ramadhan and all the related matters with. The Last topic was the seventh which has dealt with the position of AHL AL BAIT in the Islamic Intellect.? Chapter three has studied the economic aspect which includes many topics , the first one is Inheritance , the second topic is about Fadak and the related facts , the third topic is about Al - Zakat and its meaning and its values , the fourth has dealt with (Al Khoums )and describing the payees and the items that must be paid for, the fifth topic has dealt with (Al Anfaal) , while the sixth topic has studied (AL Jezziya) its meaning and its values and the narrations which are related to, the last topic is the seventh one which has dealt with various economic narrations.? Chapter Four which is studied the social aspect , it is in many topics , the first one has dealt with the prophet's Life his birth , his Biography , his wives , Husbands of his daughters , his death , his shrouding and his Burial.The second topic has studied the Life Of FATMAT AL ZAHRA'A her birth , her marriage and her death , the third topic has dealt with AbeTaleb , his Islam , mentioning to his wife Fatima Bint Assad , while the fourth topic has studied the life of ALI BIN ABI TALEB his birth , his ethics , his position towards the prophet , the marriage of his daughters his shrouding and his Burial , the fifth topic has studied (Hadith AhlElKessa'a),the sixth topic has dealt the( Al Rashiddon Caliphs) , Islam Of Omar Bin El Khataab , Assassination of Othman Bin Affan , at last the seventh topic which is about narrations that are related to Marriage or Divorce.Then it is ended by conclusion for the most important results that I have reached to
الصفحات الاولى:

الحركة الفكرية في همذان من القرن الثالث الهجري الى نهايـة القرن السادس الهجـري

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: سمية خالد بريسم الربيعي
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: خاشع عيادة المعاضيدي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2004
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: لقد انتظمت الدراسة في اربعة فصول تضمن الفصل الاول نبذة تاريخية عامة عن همذان، وقد اشتمل على ثلاثة مباحث، الاول عن اصل تسمية همذان، والثاني عن مدن وقرى همذان، لان تحديدها مهم جدا لبيان نشات الاعلام في همذان، وكان المبحث الثالث والاخير عن فتح همذان وما تلا | This study deals with thinking and scientific activities in easter Islamic cities which is Hamdan. most of historical studies since 156 s dedicated specially to study political history for - nations , histories of Islamic cities ,reasons of its evolution , careers of men and administrative , economical , social , literature subjects men while concern was less for thinking and scientific studies although it a acquires great impotent because it deal with most famous Arabic Islamic activities.The Period research study was four centuries started from 3 rd century to 9 th century.This century represented important stage in life of Arabic Islamic State.It was full of Luxury activation and civilized promotion.Also this century witness flourishing of translation from old languages which help to transform most of Greec writings which was written in different subjects and Arab scientist enrich them.Many clerks and science as tellers , historian , a astronomers and others.Islamic raose potential economies for all Islamic states.Study depended on firm curriculum in study of Al - Hamadany. He lived and study in Hamadan and take knowledge from its shieks and science.The study explain and researches of Hamadan science in either transformational and intellectual studies.The study reference to many resources to make benefit from information’s which explain contribution of Hamadan thinkers and science in developments of intellectual sciences.It includes general translations , religious science , decedents book. geographical , historical books and minor references.The study includes four chapters : First chapter is a brief hisrtory of Hamadan which contain three studies , first one or origin of Hamadans name the second is about Hamadan cities and villages because determining it is very important to explain the lifes of scientist in Hamadan. Last study was of Hamadan conquest and what followers it of events till third century for Hijral ninth century A.C.Second chapter is about religious science and famous clerks of Hamadan people in it and most famous readers.Second study was about Hadith , the most famous writings and tellers of Hadith.Third study is a bout religious interpretation its origin and famous interprets.Third chapter is about Arabic language and literature.It includes two studies , first study is about language and study Arabic Moslems maintain Arabic language because it is language of Holly Quran. Second study is about humanitarian science and pure science sufism and most famous sufies and their books. Second was about geography and history.
الصفحات الاولى:

المكانة التجارية لمدينة دمشق من القرن الثاني حتى نهاية القرن الرابع الهجري Commercial Rank Of Damascus City From The Second Century Until The End Of The Fourth Century AH

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: سلسبيل جابر عناد المياحي
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: وئام عدنان عباس النعيمي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: After endingour study of commercialrank of Damascus city from the second century to the end of the fourth century,it is preferable to refer to the most important findings of the study : • Through the study, it has shown that Damascus had enjoyed a unique geographical location , as there were many factors that made its feature including its proximity to the Arabian Peninsula and its openness from the east on the plains leading to the Euphrates and Iraq and from west by the presence of the mountainous areas which seized on the trade route leading to the Mediterranean coast which then contacts Europein addition to the access road north to Halab and Asia Minor making it an important trading center for receiving goods and exported.Damascus, and since ancient times specifically in Aramean age, focused on trade.Armeniansunderstood as the first who make Halab the capital and commercial center, as their trade linked with the different cities, in addition to its land,fertile soiland flowing waters which made it produced various types of agricultural crops.• The effect of the political events in Damascusdid not disruptits Commercial activity.And if there was any impact for the eventsso it was due to the timeof its happening and then quickly Damascusregainedits commercial activitiesin timethat its commercial ties remained effectively working inside and outside.• Damascus had seen progress in various economic aspects.It hadbeen knowing in its various agricultural crops and its export types to different regions inside and outside Belad Al - Sham. The availability of natural and human conditions helped itin this respect. In Damascus, agriculture was the vital tributaries that flowed into the internal and external trade. In addition,Tradein Damascus had characterized by its high quality and plentifulwhich included various kinds of industries and what made in Damascus of any kind of these small or large industries weremuch more than what was made anywhere else in the world and perhaps this distinction was due to the availability of theexpertise, as they have skilled makers succeed in more than one art and throughout the ages as well as the abundance of raw materials in Damascus and its suburbs.• Through the study, it hasbecome clear to us that Damascus had enjoyed asolidcommercial connections with various Arab and non - Arab countries, dating back to before the advent of Islam , and since the dawn of history , and had enjoyed this status even after losing its centeredness as the capital of the Islamic State of Arabic, as that Damascus export to other cities was more than its import, and this was as indication of the agricultural and industrial ability of the city.During the era of the study,Damascus marketshad flourished.Although of all the crises, the trade balance continued for the benefit of Damascus with evidence that exports were more than imports.• The trade routes had an important role in linking Damascus with various countries of the world as theinterest and development of commercial roadshad been belonging to ancient centuriesand continuing until the Islamic era. Damascus had been associated with the world with two types of land routes and overseas transportation , and as a result of the importance of these routes in the trade promotion,Islamic State had worked to secure and interest in them and provide them with all the supplies that would facilitate everything related to business process , and we do not forget the role of traders who aimed at securing roads in times of disrupted the country's efforts in this aspect through alliances with the Bedouin tribes who were living in trade caravans passing zones.• Damascus continued to hadits trade rankwhich enjoyed since before Islam even later ages due to itslocation for the Al - Sham on the one hand and other areas on the other hand,moreover, Damascus was the center of an important source of production, industrial and agriculturalwealth sources and a commercial center and great market for many of the coastal cities that were based on the their market that contain all kinds of goods that allcities need. Every city ofDamascus cities represented the commercial center received many trades and from different countries of the world as and as we saw that. What Helped it in this respect was theavailability ofnumerous transportation which was land and sea.• Money was the main pillar of the trade process, the localization and changes that took place on the money throughout the ages had an essential and important role in the advancement of the state and not to succumb to the foreign domination. Securities represented by the instruments , the Bills and banking had theirimportance as they had facilitated the process of trade exchange, and there had a role for the weights and pecks in the business process which linked very closely to the market and in the buying and selling operations.The various conditions like strife and tribulations Damascus experienced influenced directlyon prices. As a result, there was the appearance of phenomenon of rising prices , but we can say thatits impact was chronic.It became clear through the study, people in Damascus including traders had the ability toovercome the crises and advancement economic reality, but even though, poor people were the most affected class of Damascus'ssuffering , as the economic shocks had a negative impact on their level of living.• Arab Islamic state had given attention and special care to merchantslayer to provide them the means of doingtheir economic work, and aspects of care were providingthem with buildings for harboring passenger shelters and storetheir goods. Examples of these buildings includefields , hotels and agencies and the store. The breadth of the business exchangebetween the various countries of the Muslim world led to the diversity of merchants types and trade firms, among them there werethe treasurer andthe equipped.
الصفحات الاولى:

الجوانب الاقتصادية في المغرب والاندلس من خلال كتاب مسالك الابصار في ممالك الامصار لابن فضل الله العمري المتوفى سنة (749 هـ / 1348م) The Economical Sides In Morocco And Andalus Through The Book Of Msalik Al - Absar In Momalik Al - Amsar For Ibn Fdhl Allah Al - Omari Died In 749A.H. / 1348 A.D

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: سعد قاسم علي السويعدي
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: محمود تركي فارس اللهيبي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: Ibn Fadl Allah Al - Omari is consider bright scholar in the horizon of writing and creating and the best scientist who left his finger prints in the different areas on the politic sociology, economy and intellectual fields.The study of the economical sides are not less important of studying the political and social sides, where studying the economical sides which are represented by agriculture, industry, and commeres in consider important in that they reflect the range of progress and prosperity which the countries have reached wether in morocco or andalus.The study was divided into four chapters, where chapter one was the maine gate to enter to the dissertation where tackle the writers life history (his name, surname, his instructors, his age, his occupations, other scientists's opinion on him, and his books which reached twenty books, the most important was msolik Al - Absar in mamalik Al - Amsar.As for chapter two we tackled the agricultural side in morocco and andalus, mentioning the most important tools used in orgicultur, the types of farming lands, the water sources of rains and springs, the most important crops eg. Serials, fruits and the fruitful and non fruitful trees, in addition to the fortune of animals in morocco and Andalus and their place of existence. Ending the chapter with the most important factors that effecting the agricultural production.And in the third chapter we tackled the industrial side starting with the metals like gold, silver, copper and non metallic metals like mercury, vermilion, crystals and rare stones like Rubies, agate, der and the most important industries like food staff, iron industries, lechear industries, paper industry, pottery, ships, and fobric industries conclusing the chapter with the most important were the security deterioration and the political instability.And in chapter four we tackled the commercial side starting with the markets in their two types the perminant and the temporary and the most importants weight and pecks which were used in morocco and Andalus and the types of currency and mony, the most important hotels, the prices which were almost effected by the public situations in the country in addition to the most important commercial roots wither in land or in marine, and the most important materials which were exported between maroccan cities from one side and between The different countries like morocco, sudon, The East, and Europe and The most important imports of Andalus from then from Rhe other side concluding The chapter with The most important factors effecting commerce like politics and fraud and also The Natural factors represented by The storms and Their effect in ships drawing.
الصفحات الاولى:

قطلونية : دراسة في احوالها العامة من الفتح الى سنة 422هـ/1030م Catalonia Study On Its General Conditions From Victory Until 422 AH /1030 AD

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: سعاد بدير هاشم البهادلي
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم خيطان حسن الياسري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: This thesis included four chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion with a group of supplements that included tables, maps, and photographs of the region of Catalonia the first chapter deal with (Catalonia : a study in their geographical situations) has included this chapter titled vocabulary : Definition of the Iberian peninsula, the site of Catalonia, naming Catalonia, cities and town and acts of Catalonia, the nature of the surface of Catalonia, the climate of Catalonia, Catalonia plans and highlighted the landmarks.This research focused in the second chapter on conquest and stability in the Arab - Muslim Catalonia during the era of conquest and governors (92 - 138 A.H. / 710 - 755melada), and during the era of the emirate and caliphate (138 - 422 A.H. / 755 - 1030 A.D.) under the title of political activity and the military rulers of the Andalusians on Catalonia , and this chapter included several points such as : Conquest and stability of the Arab - Muslim in Catalonia during the era of conquest and the governors, and the conditions of Catalonia in the era of the emirate and caliphate, rebellion the people of Barcelona the year (157 - 162 A.H. / 773 - 778 A.D.) movement Hussein Bin Yahya Al - Ansari and the killing the governor of Barcelona (163 - 167 H.D / 7783 A.D.) rebellion of Matrouh Bin Suleiman Al - Alarabi in (Tartosha) (172 - 175 A.H. / 788 - 791 A.D.), public events in Catalonia (180 - 422H.D. / 796 - 1030 A.D.).The third chapter deal with the social situation of Catalonia, has deal society components of Catalonia, social classes, social activity in Catalonia, and the means of entertainment, clothing and uniforms, the status of women in Andalusian society.The fourth chapter has focused on the economy of the territory of Catalonia, and the role of each sector of agriculture, industry and trade industries such as cheese of Rum, also this chapter included the economic activities of Catalonia, events ,and systems all are in the basin of the economic study as well as this chapter included : types of land, water resources , irrigation and agricultural activity in Andalusia, and the grazing of livestock, types of crops, types of industries, types of trade, markets and injury, minuend and coinage , weights and measures and standards.
الصفحات الاولى:

محمد بن علي بن ابي طالب (عليه السلام) (ابن الحنفية) وجهاده في الاسلام Muhammad, The Son Of Imam Ali Abn Abi Talib, Known As Ibn Al - Hanafiah Historical Study

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: زينب ضاري حسين
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: نضال حميد سعيد الربيعي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: The history is events and attitudes , and personalities are the most important elements of the industry these events and attitudes that played a big role in it, that the history of our Islamic nation is full of personalities that played a role and influence in the roles of life , and it participated directly or indirectly with draw its events and those figures figure. Abu Al - Qasim Muhammad Al - Akber , the son of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) known as Ibn Al - Hanafiah. This personal coupled with Al - Alawy family in conjunction with a strong, clear and mixed with its events and proceedings remarkable and memorable cannot deny that. He Has studied under his father, Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and he take from a multitude science of his brothers Imam Hassan and Hussein (peace be upon them) and he contemporary with the Imams Al - Sajjad and Baqir (peace be upon them), but his personality incurred to a case of ambiguity and foggy in some situations and sides in its motion , and was be a subject of the question and that motivated me to look for him is what I read from some of they have some quick convictions towards this personality that he did not come out with his brother Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) to Karbala, whereas he has not respect as observed in treated a lot of people with him, as well as from what I have read some of the quotes to make him as a negative evidence on his personality, so I choose this subject (Muhammad Al - Akber, the son of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) known as Ibn Al - Hanafiah.) attempt to remove this ambiguity that accompanied the life of this personality. The nature of the available material necessitated to us divided it on the introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion, including more important that reached in this research and appendix, therefore first chapter was entitled "The Life of Muhammad Ibn Al - Hanafiah and his biography," has included seven items , we studied in the first item his name and lineage, and we discussed in the second item for his nickname and surname ,and we highlighted in the third item on his birth and upbringing with his father, Imam Ali (peace be upon him) , but the fourth item has been specified for the study of his qualities and carried the title of the fifth item (his brothers). For large number we have chosen only three and two grandsons of Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) as Imam Hassan and Hussein (peace be upon them) and their brother Abou El Fadl Al - Abbas (peace be upon him) , and we clear the relationship Ibn Al - Hanafiah with them such a relationship based on love, harmony, respect, and we dealt with in the sixth item the cause of his wives and his children and concluded this chapter by the seventh item about his death and the multiplicity of stories about it , and his burial place. The second chapter carry the title "Jihadi and political role of the Mohammed Ibn Al - Hanafiah " has included six items , in the first item we studied the role of jihad in the Battle of the Camel year 36 AH. , and how was the standard - bearer of his father that day. The second item was specified to the study of his role in the battle of Saffeen of in 37 AH., and the third item addressed his role in the battle of the Naharawan year 38 AH ,or 39 AH and was said to shed light on the fourth item Ibn Al - Hanafiah position in the revolution of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) as we studied the most important reasons that prevented his participation in the incident Al - Taff painful. The fifth item included the position Mohammed Ibn Al - Hanafiah from succession of Abdullah Abn Zubair , Abdul Malik Abn Marwan , but the sixth item has studied the position of the Mohammed Ibn Al - Hanafiah of the Alkisanih faith which said his imamate , and the position of Imamate nephew Imam Ali Zainal Abidin (peace be upon him). the third chapter carry title " intellectual role of Ibn Al - Hanafiah " as it included six item studied, in the first item named (novels in interpretation) ,where the transfer of the commentators from Muhammad Ibn Al - Hanafiah the views of many in the interpretation of many of the verses of the Holy Quran
الصفحات الاولى:

الاسر الفارسية واثرها الفكري على الحضارة الاسلامية في العصور العباسية 132 - 656هـ/ 750 - 1258م Persian Familes And Intell Ellectual Impact Boil Islamic Civilization In Abbasid Times (123 - 656 H.D/750 - 1258 A.D)

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: رؤى رعد علي السامرائي
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: بهجة علي محمد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: We reviewed our tagged (Persian Families intellectual impact on Islamic civilization in Abbasid times (123 - 656 h/750 - 1258 A.d) cultural links that existed between arabs and Persians that were the cause of intellectual exchanges amongciuilization and study contains preliminary to the era in which the Persian Families lived and how they have evolved Cultural life and its evolution the most important intellectual center that were prevalentin that era and then divided the study into three Chapter of the first Chapter Contains Three detectives First section dealt with geographical of Persia and Persain Families said by al Phabet and al - as Frini Family and al - bayhaqi Family and al - Baramkeh Family and al - Jouini Family and al - roiani Family and al - Sarkhasi Family and the Second Section contains al - Samaani Family and al - Shhami Family and al - Shirazi Family and al - Sabone Family and al - Saedi Family and al - Kiahrasi Family and al - qushayri Family. The Third Section wich Included al - Kraei Family and al - Ikaei Family and al - Monagm Family and al - Mazaki Family and al - Masergsi Family and Naubakht Family and al - Nashi Family and al - Nesabori Family. The Second Chapter has Included the Impact of Intellectual Families Parsianin Science Transport , it is divided in two Sections Contained The First Section The Impact of Persian Families in religious Sciences such as tafsir and Hadith and figh. Either the Second contained Contributions Frome Families in literary Sciences such as Poetry and literature and rhetoric. The Third Chapter of the intellectual impact of Persian Families in mentalscience and ensure that Chapter three detectives. The First Section contains the intellectual of Persian Families in medical Science and mathematic and Chemistry. Tither the Second Section contained Following Persian Families Teach Tricks and astronomy and astrology and science of Translation. The Third Section has included intellectual impact in the Persian Families in the Theology and Science of music and The Science of history, And our studies on this subject have reached several outcomes : 1. There were several factors helped development of intellectual life in Abbasid Baghdad especially being the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate became the place for prosperity of the scientific movement which led to attract large numbers of scholars of Persia, left a clear imprint on the March and the most important of these factors the spread of Islam and evolution of translation movement As well as the political situation that prevailed this time and the emergence of independent principalities and sponsoring science and scientific centres have a major cultural role in the prosperity of the Abbasid era.2. The study highlights the geographical location of Persia as Persia enjoyed an important geographical location which is part of the Islamic Orient and Persia and especially by Europeans of the Islamic Orient.3. He was a Persian families significant impact in stimulating intellectual movement and flourish in the Abbasid times as many households in Persian that long and take care of a lot of science, as it was mostly the encyclopedic scientists who take care of a lot of science in various aspects and worked on creating their own schools scientists teaching these families upon their death bury them.4. The study highlighted the intellectual contributions to Persian families and their impact in Islamic civilization where they excelled in multiple domains without a specific science specialization, we find them excelled in religious sciences such as modern interpretation and jurisprudence, which was the bulk of emergence in which scientists and literary Sciences excelled section of poetry and literature and eloquence and another excelled at mental science such as medicine, engineering and tricks, chemistry and other sciences.5. She held the religious sciences ample space for scholars of Persian families and large numbers of them emerged in tafsir and Fiqh and science of greater numbers in modern science and who were most active people seeking knowledge.6. As the study highlighted literary contributions to Persian families, don't overlook that large numbers of Persian families had an important impact in the poetic side, wrote poems and poetry and were among the poets and authors.7. Persian families contributed in mathematics, chemistry and science of scams and wrote many books on Science.8. As the study showed Persian families contributions in astronomy and astrology and popped in this whole science naubakht mine beds baramkeh.9. Scholars of Persian families contributed to traffic and translation and fixed bases in translation and some of them had a material and moral assistance for translators as a family they give me gifts; who mine baramkeh funds on scientis.10. Popped mine family family family Jouini alnobkht in theology and the whole family was prominent in most naubakht this flag.11. The entire family contributed to the mine and baramkeh musicology and wrote much literature on this flag.12. Nishaburi family contributed to the science of history and put several workbooks what our history book Nishapur to father Abdullah nishaburi which count of historical books on the history and mission of Nishapur
الصفحات الاولى:

الاحباس في مصر من القرن الخامس الهجري وحتى القرن الثامن الهجري : دراسة تاريخية The Endowment In Egypt From The Fifth Century A.H Till The Eighth Century A.H. : A Historical Study

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: رغيد كمر مجيد الخالدي
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: هيفاء عاصم محمد الطيار
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2011
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: تتناول الدراسة موضوع(الاحباس في مصر من القرن الخامس الهجري وحتى القرن الثامن الهجري دراسة تاريخية) وهو موضوع متعدد الجوانب، ففي تلك الحقبة الزمنية حكمت مصر ثلاثة دول(الفاطمية والايوبية والمملوكية) انتقلت فيها مصر من حالة عقائدية يمثلها الفاطميون(الشيعة ا | The present study deals with the endowment in Egypt from the fifth century a.h. till the eighth century a.h. as a historical study. This is a multi - level subject. During that period, Egypt was ruled by three different ststes : the Fatimids, the Ayoobids, and the Mamlukis. So, Egypt was transformed from being a religious state represented by the Fatimids into another one having a variation in religious faith represented by the Ayoobids and then the Mamlukis. When such a change of belief had its impact on Egypt, intellectually in specific, it also had its effect in establishing new educational and religious institutions, such as schools and khanqaahat established byn the Ayoobidsin order to put up with the Fatimid thought so as to be replaced by Sunni belief along with its four schools of thought. Those institutions got extended more during the Mamluki era, when to which various endowment and offices were specified by the endowmend donators. In my opinion, the subject is but a single instance within the series of studies of the endowmend from the historical perspective in the Islamic State. Undoubtedly, the society has always been in need to the endowmend since good pious deeds go for ever.In so far as the subject represents a historical follow - up to the system of endowmend in Egypt, it is made clear throughout the study put forward, that the Fatimid State had witnessed the establishment of the pious legacy system. Then, the system advanced more during the Ayoobid State era until it got its full shape in the Mamluki era.Further, the subject has another important aspect which is the study of endowmend institutions. Such a study would make it possible to get more acquaintance with those great achievements of the Islamic State in fields unshared by other non - Islamic States.Also, the endowmend system used to have many positive effects in Islamic state communities in general, and in Egypt in particular. It achieved luxury as well as made extensive the educational and health care in Egypt. What is more, it led to the continuous refurbishment of religious buildings there; it was that system which helped to protect most of the historical relics intact up to now.And due to the importance of those amount of money allocated to the system in so far as being associated with people's lives, the system got the great care of administration practiced by the States which successively ruled Egypt. The goal was to systematise the revenues and expenses in the system because it was considered as one of the financial resources of the State, a situation in which the endowmend became an integral part of the Egyptian economy life.The study has been made into a preliminary and five chapters in addition to an introduction and a statement of conclusions. The preliminary was entitled as : The endowmend in Egypt before the Fifth Century a.h.\ the Eleventh Century A.D.The first chapter studied the meaning, rules, legality, types and reasons of the endowmend. It included three sections : the first showed the linguistic and terminological meanings of endowmend; and displayed some of its rules; the second was devoted to studying the legal evidence of endowmend in the Quran, the Prophetly Sunnah, Ahlul - Bait tradition (the prophet's household ), and the General Consent; the third was made to the exposition of the types of and the reasons behind the establishment of endowmend.The second chapter tackled the administration of the endowmend and its impact on the economical aspect along the challenges it used face. It included three sections : the first exposed the administrative framework of the endowmend Divan; the second showed the impact on the economical aspect; while the third was specified to studying the challenges faced thereof.The third chapter tackled the administration of the endowmend and its impact the religious institutions. It went through three sections : the first studied mosques; the second exposed leagues, khanqaahat, and Small mosques; while the third section was devoted to showing other religious services; and what is more, it presented an account of the effect of endowmend in the continuation of these institutions and the facilities provided thereby.The fourth chapter shed light on the impact practiced by the endowmend on the educational institutions. It fell into three sections : the first displayed the most important institutions, which were schools, a situation yielded because the endowmend used have a great role in the provision of services to students; the second exposed other educational centres; and the third showed the role of pious legacy in supporting the educational institutions via libraries.As for the fifth chapter, it took care of dealing with the influence of the endowmend on health institutions. It consisted of two sections : the first exposed the most important health institutions (Pemarstanat or 'hospitals') where the role there was to support those financially in order to continue working; and the second was devoted to elaborating on the service of health care provided other institutions.Out of all this, we have come with the following : • endowmend, is considered one of the essential types of alms encouraged by Islam.• Due to the variation of Jurists' views concerning endowmend upon all times, where the aim had been to raise people's living standards by giving the chance to those who wished to pay, that standard - raising got deviated away from its natural course, of being a mere all - going charity, via being used by some to achieve unrightfully their personal aims.• Jurists played a distinct role in flourishing endowmend, for had it been not for their firm - standing views against the transgression over endowmend, it would not have continued, and never have been of such a role in the society.• The State took a great care of the endowmend administration in so far as being related closely to society via its relationship with many facility institutions.• The Fatimid State witnessed the systematic endowmend; then, the system developed more during the Ayoobids era when, after that, it took its full shape and spread extensively so as to include all life aspects during the Mamluki era.• Women had their prominent contribution to the endowmend, a state of affairs which included many fields such as religious and educational institutions.• The endowmend contributed in achieving a great role in the establishment of religious institutions which had the role to play in the prosperity of Islamic civilization. • The endowmend took part keeping safe the borders of the Islamic State via supporting al - Jihad bases as well as freeing captives and trying to provide them with facilities at their families' residence places.• The endowmend endowmend included furthermore many other important life aspects which would serve different classes of society, like the educational facilities. They contributed in providing the great financial support on which such institutions depended.• The endowmend took part in supporting health institutions, because the level of health service introduced depended totally on the amounts of money given.Eventually, it could be said that despite the existence of the 'State' and its supplying money to the society facilities, pious humanitarian legacies could also be oriented to serve the community.As well, the 'State' had to find legal forms ensuring the statement - of conditions proposed by endowmend donators, because such a recognition to their conditions would no doubt lead to encouraging good - doers to give up some of their possessions to the pious legacy.If truly we wanted to make use of the endowmend in Islam, we had to go back to the original concept in Islam, as being an all - going charity in order for it to carry out the role it was in basis put to play in the cooperation and solidarity of the community
الصفحات الاولى:

مخــطوطات البحر الميت : دراسة في الطائفة الاسينيـة The Manuscripts Of The Dead Sea A Study Of The Essenion Community

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: رائد رحيم خضير
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: غسان عبد صالح
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: This study is the first comprehensive study of the Academy in Iraq and the Arab world, on the subject of the Dead Sea Scrolls the study Essenes community. To facilitate the study of the subject was divided into two parts ; the first was titled "Dead Sea Scrolls", and included three chapters, distributor each and every one of them on two sections, a comprehensive study of the area of Qumran geographically included The reason for the settlement and the stages through which the region, as well as the entire revenue of the story the discovery of manuscripts by Jordanian shepherd Mohammed Deeb Altamera, with a full description of what was found in eleven caves, sealing the first chapter lists the era notation manuscripts and its ownership and the languages that are written. The second section of the first chapter of this section Fajts talking about the contents of the caves, which divided the researcher to biblical manuscripts and scrolls Mnholh, scripts authored by the sect that inhabited Qumran area. The second chapter of the first section , it is the other distributor on two sections , the first included a comprehensive study of the geographical, cultural and political terms the findings desolate area refunded and the Valley of the boxes , the second topic is to study the cultural and political impact of these discoveries through the semi - detailed for the most important translations of the Old Testament to explain. The third chapter he put under the title of "waste material", which is also divided into two sections from the first physical residue of the remains of the settlement of Qumran study, while the second section, examining a discovery of the money and the position of the sect started manuscripts from this site housing.The second section, Vtalv of three seasons, and was placed under the title "A Study in Al Essenes community," included the first chapter two sections, the first chapter in which to talk about the origins of Alosinyin and derive their name and the meaning and origin and prepare them in Palestine. The second section of this chapter has been devoted to the study of the relative links and intellectual Al Essenes with communities in the region, such as Al - assideens , Mtaahidi Damascus, Alasah, Alsekara, and others.The second chapter is also on two sections, the first of it to study the political connections of Essenes with Jewish groups, such as (Al Machabee, Sadducees, Al Pharisiens). The second section of this chapter, it is the political links Essenes with non - Jewish elements (the Nabataea's, Romans, Seleucids). The third and final chapter is about organizational beliefs of the sect Al Essenes , and talk about the separation of the regulatory side of the Al Essenes and Conditions join them and their rejection of earthly delights and commitment loi Mosaic, and appended thesis conclusion included the most important findings of the researcher.
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