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الاخر في الشعر العراقي 447هـ - 547هـ : دراسة تحليلية فنية The other in the Iraqi poetry (447 AH 547h) An analytical study of art

اسم المؤلف: احمد سعيد محمد
اسم المشرف: زينب فاضل احمد النعيمي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The subject of other is not new issues, but the conflict of self and ego and us within poetic ability and substantive production concepts have made this topic curriculum researchers in studies of poetry, and perhaps the Abbasid period during the Seljuk presence of important eras which carries harbingers of literary and historical events dominated the Iraqi poetry , production phenomena and topics and one another, our study was the disclosure of this phenomenon, and his possessions and poetry texts.Selection has occurred in the study on Iraqi poetry; the Abbasid caliphate center and a theater a lot of invasions and battles and strife, as well as internal divisions, which reflected negatively on the Arab state and the emergence of dissension and infighting movements, the year (447 AH) was started presence Seljuks in Iraq after the elimination of Albuehi presence and the accompanying events influenced in directing public literature and poetry private, and the resulting phenomenon (the other) from the coalition and the difference in the subjects.The subject structure based on three chapters preceded an introduction included the reasons for choosing the subject and objectives of the study and demonstrate the extent of taking researchers of this phenomenon in other subjects, and to clarify the structure underlying subject, and comes after the introduction pave clarifing the researcher another concept illustrates the language and idiomatically, with the brevity of the political situation and economic and cultural in Iraq in the period of study, and to clarify the nature of existence and the Seljuk princes and its impact on the duration of the study.The three chapters are, the researcher dealt with in the first chapter of which the other recombinant, which is divided into three sections, thecfirst of which the other entitled acclaimed, which included exposure to the other Arab acclaimed and other national acclaimed and other religious acclaimed, and the second of which was entitled the other madrigal him and was on two kinds : women spinning and spinning the male, and the third of which was entitled winery, which has comported with the spirit of the poet and aspirations to escape from the bitter reality loaded worries and sorrows.The second chapter was titled different other, first section was of it is a reflection of the other satire explaining satire poets strata of society in various segment, and second section was entitled separation in which the researcher explaining two kinds of parting : moral posed abandonment, leave, remoteness and so on, and material represented death, which is the voice of the yard, and the third section titled graying as well as its effects on the poet psychologically and then breaks the poet that appear in the texts of poetry.The technical study has taken into the third chapter. The language and structures were the material of the first section of it, and the image of poetic material for the Study of the second section, and the music poetic material for the Study of the third section, followed by the technical study conclusion includes the most important findings of the study, then the list of sources and references that depended on the researcher in the subject and abstract in English language .The coalition and the difference issue are subject to the same poet through her love and the reluctance of those around, the poet is comport with the other remembrance of his virtues and veneration as in the acclaimed, and different with what decries of other recipes, and the harmonious coalition with the conscience of the poet in the image of women between beauty and intercourse, and the various with broadcasts actions of different feelings like parting and dams.dArab acclaimed has dominated the poetic texts that deal with other acclaimed at the national expense of the other, which did not get much luck of praise, and perhaps approach with the occupation as well as lack of awareness, many of them Arabic language and lack an appreciation for the language of poetry has taken large proportions in the minds of poets that reflected negatively in the texts of poetry.Spinning has become a cause for the emergence of recombinant other poets in the experiments between emotion and feeling, image of women not only are part physically, but promised to signify emotional objective existence of ego poet in scattered images of the other recombinant.The existence of the other phenomenon spinning by male was an extension to the previous eras of the impact of mixing with other Arab tribes, it is from the second century AH data through the sinking of some poets urbanization, luxury and fun on the boards of drink and hosing of boys Persians and the Romans.Winery mixed with other topics have been mentioned, and more are found in the spinning and separation, in Spinning looks like a poet spittle beloved and saliva like winery, while in parting poet describes the state of stunned and grief and distress that screaming his head as a result of separation, reflected the winery urgent desire poet stability and psychological dimension of the variables social, hair winery came in this era strophes poetic or short poems or verses scattered.We have found that one in Iraqi poetry different his image has been focused on the arts are three : (satire, separation, gray hairs), and the satire has taken poets of different ways, including individual satire and collective satire hostile tribe or enemies and their armies, and tends poet sometimes satire is wise ever and days and what it does with its people, and jokes and we found satire beloved, satire friend and make them a target for another satiric in different part, came the other imageesatiric reflection of discontent poets and anger at the other rational and non - rational in life between cursing and reproach, grandfather and humor, and derision, inclusive of all strata of society.The parting varied repercussions in the texts of poets between the parting moral in the departure and remoteness abandoned and weird, material and parting represented death and the yard, and poet fluctuated between longing and loving memories with folk and nostalgia for the place, or the pain and anguish and refraction.Another gray hairs in different obsessed tragically in the hearts of poets has the form; because the most important signs of the paradox of youth and the reluctance of women; so he was associated with the gray hair in sometimes complaining and bemoaning, mention past year, it is a symbol of stress and grief and confusion and dispersion

الهوية في سرديات جمعة اللامي : دراسة في ضوء التحليل الثقافي Identity in Juma Al - lami s Narrations As a study in the light of cultural analysis

اسم المؤلف: احسان جابر شبيب البخاتي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: It is definitely clear that identity has become a subject of great importance since the previous century because of what was known as " policy of identity ". The policy that was in alliance with the cultural studies. The policy of identity means a policy that is limited with those nouns that come from certain identities " historically the weakened people " instead of being a policy built on the base of some policies or certain social philosophies. it is sometimes said that the policy of identity is urged or motivated by desire of getting some kind of confess , but in most of the cases it has been flexible further by a desire of getting a free dealing or free treatment . S it has been clear that cultural studies was looked at as a shade to the policy of identity that is divided into two halves : one stands with the marginal or fellow identities and the other understands identities as shapes of cruelty and chains or even as a part of the social structure to control and slave the other. Yet , we choose the title of the study " Identity in Juma Al - lami 's Narrations " as a study in the light of cultural analysis . His narration in stories or in novels represents the society and its discourse that stands on the variety of spoken language and the signs that well understood by the society memory which is ,in a way or in another , a mirror of that memory referred to by hidden contexts in a way that we classified it as postmodernism . The discourse of identity occupies wide area in Juma Al - lami 's narrations. This is a result of the problematic issues of the Iraqi identity since the establishing of the modern Iraqi country .like the varied religious , social , racial and political Iraqi tissue. All the governments failed in making this tissue a united one hom identity so the instability continues because of the struggles and conflicts . In general the centre identities imposed themselves on the other branch identities to control and weaken them through the valid or invalid letters. The identity in Juma Al - lami 's narrations varies according to variety of the cultural identity in the Iraq society . So the religion , political and collective identity appears in its local , home and world frames. Identity suffered a lot of anxiety because of the power of the centre and the dictatorship regimes that brought many problems such as scattering and trying to achieve oneself and the worry of being destroyed , divided and breaking of the identity that led to changing in identity willingly or unwillingly. In fact the identity becomes robbed materially or symbolically. The feeling of the one origin identity that deserves life made people in one shelter behind their branch identity so as to defend their existence and regain their rights taken forcibly . This is what has been faced with violence and oppression by the centre powers that are always try to take power in order to impose their one identity , ambition and desire. This is, in fact , what created the inside and outside exiles and alienation even in the one community. This is what led to illusion of the one identity through ideology that coming from different environments as the ideal solution in the way of the modern state and society in general. This is faced by the illusion of the power as result in seeing its procedures and policies as the correct ones as well as to the double characters and particularly in Iraq. In spite of that , we can say that the cultural composition was not absent in representing identity and taking its role which in general was controlled by the state and knowledge that is called " Identity Difference" which represents in many cases the point of view of the self about the echo . As a matter of fact Juma Al - lami , as a writer , has given cultural projects to replace the identities that believe in being the only one , he presents , for example , the human and the universal identity just as Edward Saed has done . The concept that means feeling one identity does not neglect the identity of the other , does not mean slave others but the ideal solution is that how to live peacefully and respect the other in true life within one society or many communities .

انماط الجملة الاسنادية في ديوان ابن ابي حصينة : دراسة نحوية - تطبيقية Patterns of the Sentence Al - Ansariyah in Diwan the Poet Ibn Abi Huseina

اسم المؤلف: احباب ياس خضير
اسم المشرف: صبيحة حسن طعيس
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Thanks to Almighty God the most merciful, the most compass - ionate. The descriptive analysis is chosen to be the procedure in my study. It deals with a certain phase in a certain language or tackles a certain phenomenon. It describes it inductively. It relates with the common aspects with the vocabularies in this induction which is called "Grammar" whereas the title of my study is Patterns of the Arabic Sentence Al ansariyah in the Diwan of the poet " Ibn Abi Husseina". The reason behind choosing this subject is to be the first time of searching in this field and it is updated topic to be searched. The second reason is that the poet is considered one of the great and imaginative poets in Arabic where the search in his field is quite unique. These two reasons make it worthy that the topic to be searched. The Construction of the sentence is taken into consideration according to the divisions of the Arabic grammarians, basically the noun phrase and the verb phrase not linguistically as a subject or a predicate. The study includes three chapters and an introduction and a conclusion. The introduction has a biography of the poet and his main works and the basic purposes that he talks about. The structure of the sentence between the language and the idioms and its definitions in the contemporary Arab poets. The first chapter involves the absolutenoun phrase and its components : the subject in the first section whereas the second section studies the predicate. The second chapter includes the limited noun phrase. The first section includes the copying noun phrase with letters and the second one includes the copying noun phrase with verbs whereas the third chapter is allotted to study the verb phrase which includes the affirmative and the negative sentence, with the conclusion and the references. The researcher relies on the kind of analysis of the opinions of the old and new scholars with the old and heritage references, such as ( Sibaway 180 H ) and AL - Muqtadhab for Mubbarad ( 285 H ) and AL - Osol Fi AL - Nihool for Ibn AL - Saraaj ( 316 ) and AL - Khasais for Ibn Jinny ( 392 H ) and References for letters, linguistically and semanticly such as : Horouf AL - Maany for AL - Zujjajy ( 340 H ) and Wasaf AL - Mabany for Maliqqi ( 702 H ) and AL - Jinny AL - Dany in the Horouf AL - Maani for AL - Murady ( 749 H ) In addition to the dictionaries such as AL - Aiyn for AL - Khalil and Maqqyes AL - Lagha for Ibn Faris and Lisan AL - Arab for Ibn Mandhor and AL - Moheet for AL - Fairouze Abady and etc. In the light of the sound analyses for the chapters of the study. It is concluded that : 1. The poet Ibn Aby Husseina was regarded a remarkable poet among others of his contemporaries. 2. The purposes in his works are mainly praise and flirting and lamentation and wisdom. The purpose of praise is just for getting money. 3. The existence of the noun phrase is more than the verb phrase. 4. The presence of the limited Arabic Sentence is more than the absolute sentence. 5. The subject is existed obviously in the first section in the first chapter " subject with EL, and with additional with the suffixes and the pronouns. 6. The definite subject is used more than the definite one. 7. In the second section in chapter one, all the images are depicted on the forms that the predicate comes in the form of an indefinite singular and definite singular and it comes in the form of verbs in the imperfect tense. 8. In chapter Two, the noun phrase which is copied with verbs are happened to be more than those of letters. And the modals "ان واخواتها " come more than " ليس ) and ( لا ) and the modals ( كان واخواتها ) come in the first rank. 9. The first chapter includes two sections : the first is the verb phrase with the perfect and imperfect tenses and the other section includes the negative sentence. 10. The negative sentences are widely used in the poet's works representing the negative sentence with ( لا ) and ( ما ) and more with ( لم ) and then (لمواليس

ملامح الخيال في قصص الاطفال في العراق من (1970 - 2003) : دراسة موضوعية - فنية The fiction in children's tales in Iraq (1970 - 2003)Objective - Artistic Study

اسم المؤلف: ابراهيم عبد الرضا رشم
اسم المشرف: يونس عباس حسين
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

الاساليب البلاغية في النص المسرحي النثري والاوبرالي لمحمد علي الخفاجي Eloquent Methods in the Opera, and prose Theatric text for " Mohammed Ali Al - khafaji"

اسم المؤلف: كوثر حسن مكطوف طاهر الاسدي
اسم المشرف: ساهرة عدنان وهيب العنبكي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The current thesis is concerned over studying the eloquent methods in the Opera, theatric accomplishment , and prose theatre since there have been theses preceded my own , dealt with the same subject " the study of the poet " Mohammed Ali Al - Khafaji" as being directed by my . Drs. ( Sahira Adnan and Nuaas Mohammed Ali) to study the Opera theatre since this subject has not been largely studied or dealt with ; beside, the poet's production was in two methods : the first the Opera theatre ( Sinmar ) and the other one is Opera of " Kawa Al - Hidad" . The department 's policy has suggested and the committee of seminar to add the prose production represented in " AHADIHIM YUSLIM AL - QUDIS HATHIHI AL - LAYLA" and AL - DEEK AL - NASHEET" , besides , the play of Al - Hussein " AL - HUSSEIN WAQIF FI YASARI" . The latter is a prose - Poetry drama for being not previously studied ; the poet was vary in literary types in his writings, therefore , we have not left the poetic theatre in this study owing to the texts ' authority , especially Opera . This interference contributed into enriching the texts eloquently, especially in the two sides composition and indication . The supervisor's selection lied in selecting the study eloquently since there are little of such studies dealing with the Opera , theatric and prose accomplishment in the eloquent books .In respect to obstacles of research , concerning with the collection of achievements of the poet that have helped us to get some of which , including , Dr. Nuaas Mohammed Ali Al - Khafaji and the other I have been unable to get for the non - availability of texts even in the house of the poet. These texts are ( The play of Adraka Sharzad Al - Sabah, Opera : When dancers get tired" . Dr. Nuaas who is the son of the poet has told me that ' Al - Khafaji" has lost the texts that he owns and he was determining to re - write them , but the fate was preceded him by his death before he accomplished his project. The drama of " AL - DEEK AL - NASHEET" has been found in Al - Aqlam magazine . The thesis includes three chapters , introduction, preface and conclusion. In the preface , I have dealt with three branches , the first one is about Opera , the second is about drama in the context and poetic theatre , including child theatre and the interference of different literary types and the last one is about the texts of the poet. The chapter one has referred to researches in the science of meanings that being divided into three researches , the first one has been about the composition methods ( order , question, calling and negative ) ,where I have indicated the importance of existing such methods inside the theatric texts in composing the sentence , along with its dominance in the text, the 2nd research has been about the composition and indicating about the importance of the sentence - and its composition , the third research has been about Khabar and its types . The chapter two the texts indication and that being divided into three researches , the first one has been about the similarity and its types , the second research has been about metaphor and its relation in the texts, then , I have talked about symbols an indications the poet has dealt with in the prose theatre. The chapter three comes under the title " Al - Badeaa science " , it has been divided into researches , composing of three elements , counterpoint , opposite , verse , exchange and division , the second research has been about Anaphylaxis , reiteration, repeat . We have mentioned the repeat for its indication , where the music repeat gets vary for letters , utterances and phrases in the sentence and syllables. The third part has been assigned for quotation and its significance in the achievements of Al - Khafaji .In conclusion , I have accomplished most important results , indicating the eloquent text has interaction sides in the aesthetic and linguistic functions in the text ; every eloquent element has a definite function in the context

شعر لميعة عباس عمارة : دراسة دلالية (المجموعة الشعرية الكاملة) The Poetry Lameea Abbas Omarah A Semantic Study The Complete Poetic Collection

اسم المؤلف: ولاء علي ناصر
اسم المشرف: عبد الحميد حمد شحاذة
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study addresses the Poetry Lameea Abbas Omarah, a semantic study. It consists of an introduction and three chapters. Each one of these chapters, as well as the introduction, has shed light on a certain aspect of the semantic study, according to the what follows. The introduction tackled quotations of the poet’s life and the most significant studies made about her poetry. The first chapter (The Phonological and Morphological Semantic Significance) included two sections where the first discusses the phonological issues within two subsections. The first subsection discussed static rhythm significance, represented by the rhyme and poetic necessities. The second subsection included the dynamic rhythm, clear in repetition (for the single sound, or the clauses and sentences) and also in paronomasia. The second section (The Morphological Semantic Significance) was also divided into two subsections, noun significance and verbs significance. The second chapter (Structural Semantic Significance) which, in turn, was divided into sentence refrainment, which included (preceding, forwarding, mentioning, emission, supporting the verb with an unreal subject, extra refrainment, and the employment of prepositions to link the sentences). The second section (Composition Structural Refrainment) which included (attention, opposition, as well as local and foreign expressions).As for the third chapter ( Semantic Significance of Concepts), it included semantic concordance, synonymous, the common spellings, semantic decadence, semantic sophistication, refrainment in generalization, specification, and the semantic transition.And at the end of the study, a conclusion of the study’s results

الابنية الصرفية في ديوان محمد رضا الشبيبي : دراسة تطبيقية The Morphological Forms in the Poetry of Muhammad Ridha Al Shibibi A semantic study

اسم المؤلف: رغد جاسم محمد الصبيحاوي
اسم المشرف: تغريد عبد الله احمد
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Praise to God upon his blessing that he had made our language, the language of Koran, our speech to the people of paradises, and peace be upon Prophet Muhammad, the master of all messengers. The study of morphological forms is basically considered in understanding of the linguistic sciences, and understanding the language from its structures, rhetorical and analyses. So the morphological study is difficult. Morphology has not been the focus of researchers as the syntax has been. Arabic library is rich in lexical dictionaries that have given much focus on the explanations of meaning of vocabularies and their linguistic meaning. However, there is shortage in the studies of morphological forms of Arabic words. This shortage has been a motive for me to study The Morphological Forms in the Poetry of Muhammad Ridha Al - Shibibi. Moreover, the researcher is highly interested in morphology. The poetry of Muhammad Ridha Al - Shibibi has been chosen for its simple words, coherent wording and structures and the absence of odd words. No morphological study has dealt with his poetry. Below is a review of the studies that have dealt with the poetry of Al - Shibibi.B• Al_ Shibibi as a poet : a thesis by Qusei Salim Alwan, 1971 consisting of four chapters and talking about Al - Shibibi, his age, his culture, his poetical words and his status in Iraqi modern Poetry.* Muhammad Ridha Al - Shibibi and his intellectual and political role until 1932 : a thesis by Ali Abd Shnawa 1992 consisting of three chapters and talking about his early life and the beginning of his fame before WWI; and talking about his intellectual and political activities from WWI until the end of the Iraqi 20th Revolution; and his intellectual and political activities during British mandate. • Muhammad Ridha Al - Shibibi and his intellectual and political role until 1958 : a dissertation by Ali Abd Shnawa 1997; talking about Al - Shibibi’s role after British mandate. The above mention studies have not dealt with the morphological aspects of Al - Shibibi’s poetry. The current study aims to contribute to Arabic etymology and to explain the role of Iraqi literature in the development of Arabic language by adding a new knowledge to Arabic library.C The collection of materials used in this study has been based on two essential sources : linguistic references such as ALKITAB by Sibawayh and AL MUQTADAB by Al - Mubarrad; and poetic books by Al_ Shibibi. The current study consists of introduction, preface, three chapters, conclusion, contents, and references.• Introduction : _ it includes the problem, aims, significance of the study and the limits. • Preface : _ it includes the life of the poet, his ancestry; and his status among poets. In addition, it includes the semantics.• Chapter one : _it includes two sections : • The first section : _ deals with the morphological forms of the Arabic three - letter verb and that which is added by one , two or three letters. • The second section : _ deals with morphological forms for the Arabic four - letter verb and that which is added by fifth and sixth. • Chapter two : _ it deals with morphological forms of the derivations (active participle, passive participle, pseudo adjective, intensive active participle. It also deals with the morphological forms of other derivations such as diminutive noun and relational adjective or adjectivized noun. D• Chapter three : _ it deals with the morphological forms of the plurals and the abstract nouns. It includes the plural : masculine and feminine, broken plural : fewness and abundance, collective Noun, plural generic noun and singular generic noun,direct nounabstract noun , noun derived on the pattern Maf’al, noun of manner, noun of instance and artificial abstract noun. • Conclusion : it includes the results that the researcher has got in this study.Finally : this study is a humble work and a simple effort added to the human knowledge. The researcher may have made tiny mistakes and this nature of human being - imperfect. May God bless and guide us to what is righteous, and help us to serve Arabic language

اليات تشكيل السخرية في ديوان الصوري (339هـ - 419هـ) MECHANISMS OF THE FORMATION OF IRONY IN THE PICtURE BOAED Preparation

اسم المؤلف: نور ماجد حمود
اسم المشرف: سناء هادي عباس الجشعمي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study is tagged by( the formation of irony in the picture) in an attempt to critique the Poetic poems of praise in the diwan alsuri ,if there are many mech anisms of formation used by the poet for the poet for the purpose of ridicule and a dopted in this form in the frame work of linguistic and rhetorical structures and rhythmic and herelies the task of formation through Consideration to the Structural aspects of the Structure of the text by Stauding On the Vocal aspects in it and the image that form ,As Well as the form of hints and references and symbols sarcastic to wards mdihih and thus form the mechanisms of irony Within the poetic text by the language of the poet and hence necessitated the Study dlan inaprefoce and introduction and three chapters .Offered in the introduction The importance of term formation in detecting macros poet apsychological in his poems,His hair reflected apicture of reality Where He live. The in troduction of the meaning of the Composition of the language and terminology and the most im portant Symbols of the term formation,And the formation of Critics in ancient and modern, as stated by the life of the poet and the Causes ridicule and types The first Chapter Was entitled : ( Synthetic Study in the Poems of the Sarcastic) it Came in seven questions, namely, The question , The order, The Condition , The negation , The deletion , The Submission and the delay). The Second Chapter Was titled : ( images of irony and in Cluded three aspects of the Structure of analogy Sarcastic metaphor and metaphor. The Third Chapter dealt With the rhythmic irony and in Cluded two Chapters dealing With the first Chapter of( Foreign music ) and in Cluded two Subjects dealt With ( Weights and rhym). The Secod Chapter dealt With the internal Music and in Cluded Four topics in Cluding : ( The Structure of the genotype and the Structure of repetition and the Structure of the response of the Chest On disability and the Structure Of Contrast ) . One Of the most important findings Of the research : _The term "modulation " with multiple and varied meanings is one of the most important elements in the formation of literary text ._His Comprehension of the meaning of the phrase Walsl Word , as he Came poems Sarcastic language market is magnificenc e and not reveredThe image Was able to alarge extent of images of irony , Which entered the mechanisms of formation , is the metaphor of the most rosy , and Varied Similarities and merged With the Context through the exposures and hints and hints and symbols hurting men of his time . Poetic poems are the main focus On Which the poet made his irony . __The language of the poet has become a Central pillar of the formation , but the language itself has many aspects , each of Which is of a Component

ادوات الطلب في ديوان ابن هانئ الاندلسي : دراسة تفسيرية

اسم المؤلف: كامل كاظم بدن الدراجي
اسم المشرف: سلام حسين علوان
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Rise this study for standing on the manife tations of the siginficace and structaare in the sentences of request in Hani AL - Andalusians DiWan and it cosists of seven demands (( the imperative - the negation - calling - intorragative - hopefulnss - wishfulness - presentation )). in order to show us aesthetic styles Hani AL - And his skill in formalaing the linguistic patterns in the sentensec of request according to the fanction and roles withih structure of the poetic text . this study consists of an introduction , preface and two choppers .The introduction consists of the the subjest and the reasons for choosing it and the preface consists of the meaning of sentences , request , the potes life and manifestation . every section consists of three chapter : the first section named request (( the imperative - the negation - colling )) .The second section named in complete request (( in torragative - hopefulness - wishfulness - presentation

الاتساع اللغوي في منهج الدكتور مصطفى جواد

اسم المؤلف: حسين عامر جرمط
اسم المشرف: علي جاسم سلمان
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: After, we finished the preparatory year successfully with grace of God, the subject of my letter entitled (linguistic breadth in the curriculum of (Dr. MUSTAFA JAWAD) which highlights the philosophy of the Arabic language and trying to highlight an aspect of after darkness suffered loss at the hands of her sons before others.Dr. MUSTAFA JAWAD was one of those extraordinary as old hours and days of the search, investigation and due diligence has been encouraged by what distinguishes him from the powerful memory and functioned in the fields of investigation and history even in the days of his illness busy unzip the language.Dr. MUSTAFA JAWAD was not the first played in the development of grammar, widen it but Orbiter finds that there are many differences between some ancient founders of some and some latecomers owners texts and annotations and footnotes not in terms alone, which is developing the evolution studied also, but in the development of substance as whole, are arranged The message in three seasonsIn conclusion, I hope that I have been able to achieve with Big presented from a modest effort, and Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds

شرح ديوان زهير بن ابي سلمى برواية الاعلم الشنتمري : دراسة لغوية ALSHINTMARI " in His Book Explanation of Volume of ZUHER BIN ABI SULMA) Linguistic Study

اسم المؤلف: زمن ماجد كاظم
اسم المشرف: ايثار شوقي سعدون
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Praise To Allah ,Lord of People , and Peace upon our Messenger , His Family and His colleagues.After completing the requirements of Master Degree by putting down the research that concerned over the explanation of side of the language sides for two reasons : it is an explanation by one of Arabic outstanding figures who is " AlA'LAM ALSHINTMARI" died in 476AH and the other reason lies in his explanation and interpretation of one of the pre - Islamic poets who was " ZUHER BIN ABI SULMA" whose poetry is characterized with humanity and sociality. I have suggested that the study of interpretation to be a linguistic one for searching for linguistic sides in the language and on four sides which are ( Phonetics ,Grammar , pronunciation , denotation). Thus , this enable me to review references and to develop the linguistic developments , but Dr. " Ali Jasim" has suggested to change the title to be as that mentioned above. Hence , the research has include three chapters , preceded by an introduction and preface and ended with most important results. The preface includes a summary about the life of the explainer as to balance explanations of Zuher's poetry for showing the significances of explanation. The chapter one has exposed the methodology of the explainer in his explanations , together with most outstanding aspects. The chapter two assigned for linguistic study with its fourth levels ; this chapter is considered a large and extended one . The chapter three has dealt with the external context in directing the meaning. The significance of this chapter lies in "Al A'LAM's concerns over directing the meaning and explaining the difficult conditions away from the scholars ' disputes and their linguistic details that do not serve the text. The research includes a set of results followed by references .It is worthy to be mentioning to the disparity of a number of evidences from one subject to another ;it is a disparity that being imposed by the nature of explanation and the text of the explainer. It is mostly required to mention evidences and examples. , thus I have faced in some definite positions , diversity. The reasons behind that are related to its rarity in explanation. This rarity has not been formed a large aspect , but it should be mentioned when analyzing the text and methodology of the explainer or through following up the text linguistically. The research does not empty of difficulties, top of which abbreviations in phrases. Some of the students have preceded me in the study of Zuhair Bin Abi Sulma , including ( Nuhad Faleeh Hasan/ structure in the volume of Zuhair Bin Abi Sulma/ a thesis of Master / Al - Musil 's college of Art , the researcher ( Mustafa Hamd Mustafa/ grammatical composition in poetry of Zuhair Bin Abi Sulma/ Baghdad Islamic University , the researcher ( Wathiq Mohamemd Mahmood / explanation of the volume of Zuhair Bin Abi Sulma for Abi Al - Abbas Thaalab and AlA'Lam al - Shintmitri/ a master thesis / College of Art / Al - Mustansiriyah University. I do not claim that I reach to its complement, but , rather I'm still in the beginning of my study and I submit my this scientific works in field of the scientific research

شرح الفية ابن مالك بين السيوطي والمكناسي : دراسة موازنة Explanation of Ibn Malik Al - FiyahBetween Al - Makanisi and Al - Siyoti Comparison Study

اسم المؤلف: زهراء جواد عبد الكاظم
اسم المشرف: سندس محمد خلف الجميلي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Al - fiyah Thawialstihkak is considered gathering between two explanations of for Al - fiyah Ibn Malik which are : Al - shatibi and Al - Muradi explanation, where Al - Makanasi gathered their sayings then he commented on them, where he convey the complete systems then followed by saying of Al - Muradi and shows his opinion of it after that. It is a book in which he displayed all the grammatical categories starting from the speech and its content and ending with category of Al - adad and Al - Hikaiya also displays topics of morphology and sound, as for Al - Bahja al - Murdhiya book for Al - Siyoti which is considered one of the mixing explanation, in which the explainer mixed his explanation with Alfiya text means he put the verses into two brackets and he mentioned his explanation between them also the topics of the book and their organization come according to Ibn Malik setting of them but he followed them with the expression (Hatha Bab) and Al - Siyoti has divided his explanation in to parts and followed with margin of them(complementary - separation - branch - attention - conclusion - base - controller and benefit). Al - Makanasi was more explained and detailed for the verse of the introduction for Arjosh and more conveying from the scholars and declaration of the books names, also more than commenting on the Al - fiyah text. As for Al - Siyoti who mentioned the Quran evidences and Quran recitations and names of their readers more than Al - Makanasi, also quoted with prophet's Hadieith more and his use of conveying evidences(Quran - Hadeith - poetry), and the mental evidences( measurement - Cause - acting - consensus ) and he mentioned the controversies more than Al - Makanasi.As for quotation with proverbs which were very rare for Al - Makanasi and Al - Siyoti did not quoted with them also Arab languages has less chance for them.As for their replies to the scholars which was very rare and he mentioned the controversies between Al - Basreein and Al - Kufeein but they did not announced their support for them, also they used Al - Basri term more than Al - Kufi

تجليات العنف النسوي في سرديات نوال السعداوي

اسم المؤلف: ريهام جلال شتار
اسم المشرف: زينب هادي حسن
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study has addressed the subject of "Violence in Arab woman stories, Nawal AL - Sadawi as a sample". The research is divided into preface and three chapters. Preface dealt with general view about the concept of violence and its historical roots in civilization.First chapter was under the title of "motives of violence in the literature of Nawal AL - Sadawi". This chapter consisted of two topics, first topic was under the title of socialmotives and addressed the role of education and media in violence.Second topic addressed religious motives and wrong interpretation of the spirit of religions and its essence.Second chapter was under the title of "Patterns of violence" which consisted of two topics, first one dealt with material violence, included physical violence and sexual violence.Second topic included moral violence which include "psychological, symbolic and political violence".Third chapter included fourtopics, first dealt with circumcision, second topic dealt with equality, third dealt with "crimes of honor ". Forth topic dealt with "phenomena minros marriage". I made use of many references in my study such as criticism book "rationality controversial in critical theory of Frankfurt school" by Kamal Abu Khair, guidance of literary critic" lightening of more than seventy trends and terms of writers, Myjan Al - Riweily, Dr. Saad Al - Baziss, besides some psychological books such as : Violence and aggressiveness in psychological analysis "structural reflections" by the writer Dr. Ali Asad Watfa.aThe study concluded with some important results : -  Social upbringing and schools has great role in confronting violence against women. Media has an important rolein outbreak of violence which needs changing the mechanism of media.The researcger has reached to an important point that society, religion and politics all consecration and strengthen the concept of violence against women one way or another.

شعر عبد المحسن الكاظمي 1871 - 1935م : دراسة بلاغية

اسم المؤلف: احمد عبد الله عبد علي سلمان
اسم المشرف: حامد عبد الهادي حسين
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: my love Pushed me for the eloquent Arabic, and Arabic poetry is nice to choosing a topic related to poetry, rhetoric and found to be a research rhetorical study in the office of poet privileged I chose the Office of the great poet Abdul Mohsen Al - Kadhmi a field of research in order to detect touches artistic photographs aesthetic when poet research sources and references ranging from ancient and modern this is because the subject of rhetoric is of the topics that have roots since ancient times.It has modern fruits found in modern writers came search having to reboot , and three chapters ,and a conclusion In the foreground the poet's life Abdul Mohsen Al - Kadhemi and Chiara , and his office dealt with either in the first semester I studied in Semantics.This chapter has been divided into fou sections looked at the first news of it, while the second part , I studied construction and the third studied the introduction delays , and sealed chapter deletion ,But in the second chapter I studied science, the statement Ksmtha into four sections. The first section studied analogy in the office of Al - Kadhmi In the second studied metaphor In the third section studied metaphor sealed , and The final chapter is the third started searching the knowledge of Budaiya , and divided the class into five sections. The first section examined the alliteration in second studied counterpoint In the third section examined the interview and in the fourth studied Re miracle on the breasts either in the fourth Vdersena citation sealed my sea touched them to the letter a summary of what I got out of the Diwan Al - Kadhmi of the proceeds from our study of the Court of Kadhmi we can say that Abdul Mohsen Al - Kadhmi was a distinguished poet of his era honest as issued by the hair and also note that poet emotions reflected on his language poetic clearly , because there is no separation between personal and creative offersOf the product and we note that the Court of Kadhmi was replete with psychological emotions of emotional origin,which coincided with all the positions he fought poet and expressed Kadhmi has excelled accurately systems, and the quality of vocalizations , and what it gained from growing up in an environment of language , and in the embrace of language schools in the city of Kadhimiya.This attempt humble , and remain open to criticism and correction , a link in the long chain hope that we have been successful in our study t

ابنية الاسماء في ديوان الواوء الدمشقي : دراسة صرفية

اسم المؤلف: الاء خميس حسين التميمي
اسم المشرف: سلام حسين علوان
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The research plan includes an introduction, preface, three chapters I pointed out the significance of the meaning of language and idiomatically as well as talked about the definition of structures in language and terminology. In the preface he spoke about the poet's life and culture and prestige of poetry and death, as the title of poet that name because it was calling in the fruit market. Marjoa literature did not agree on the year of his birth, as they did not agree on the year of his death and the reason for this is that he was an obscure poet is known in poetry circles, but he won the admiration and praise of the ancients. There have been significant in several types, including acoustic significance and meaning of grammatical and contextual significance, which is more important to know the intended meaning of the word. The first chapter was about buildings nine derivatives beginning of the actor and closing name zoom out as mentioned the actor's name in (134) the subject, and the name of force in (29) the subject and others proved in the search, showing that the name actor semantics variety of which is significant on the constancy and permanence. And move, shops and reception, and the ratio, all of which appeared in Court found that such Almhbhh The record or acoustic, and it has a more diverse connotations that formulated the door of the fourth and fifth has indicated defect or color or constancy or illness. The third section for Mufaaol name turned out to be formulated from triple Adding it also has multiple connotations, including the case and constancy, reception and go. In the fourth section the machine name Gaudha when there was a difference when applicants and latecomers with respect to the terms (machine tool) Fawdhna difference between them. Asit turns out that the name of the machine weights acoustic record and weights only that the poet did not use the standard weights, but the words shown on the machines, including the sword and helmet and others. In Section V exaggeration formulas show that has other connotations increase the exaggeration may be frequency or generally have much or craft, industry, and Practice and abstraction, it was also noted that the poet was not used weights standard weight (Mifal and Mfiel) and exaggeration formula are less widely used of the actor's name and the name of effect. In the sixth topic I talked about my name the time and place and it turned out that they and response in (22) the subject of the triangular subject which has increased the trio has been used to Fezta (bright and Morocco), although they Foreigtan for measurement. In the seventh section, which talked about the preference name and found that the difference in the definition and essence of the dispute was about Kiesath between visual and Alkoviin, but the poet used the activation other words preference function such as name (and love of good and evil). Mbgesa I pointed out in the eighth to ratios as stated in (4) positions only hypocrisy Deal ratios. Finally, Section IX included talk about miniaturization, but he did not want in the Office of the poet. In the second chapter I referred to sources including sources deeds triple naked and whipped Bhrvuahd sources, and sources of whipped Vaguetsr two letters on the effective use of the poet - and potent trigger and whipped with a letter of sources. The three characters of whipped So it was used weight (fabricating) only. In the second section I referred to initially source Mimi sources as stated in (2) the location and source of the body mentioned in (7) positions, and the time source in Ford (14) wasthe subject using industrial source. In the third quarter, the last talked about the crowds of all kinds, as stated in the collection of masculine Salem (6) positions and did not use the supplement to it. And used the feminine collection in Salem (37) the subject did not respond thereto in his office. In the third section in said collection cracker (76) the subject and the ultimate formula crowds came in (12) the subject. In the last section stating the name of the combination, as stated in one place, and the name of the collective Gender stated in (11) the subject, and the name of sex Differentiated stated in (46) the subject. The conclusion was expressed by mentioning the intruder and the definition of it said words received in the office of a poet (8) positions enlisted Btakrejeha the glossary Persian Arabized.

تحليل البنية السردية في روايتي "الحي الضائع" و"حتى لا تضيع في الحي" لباتريك موديانو Analyse de la structure narrative dans « Quartier perdu » et « Pour que tu ne te perdes pas dans le quartier » de Patrick Modiano

اسم المؤلف: سالي رعد ابراهيم
اسم المشرف: خالد صادق حسين
الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الفرنسية - اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الفرنسية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يتناول البحث البنية السردية بمكوناتها الاساسية : المنظور السردي ,الزمان والمكان في روايتي : "الحي الضائع"و "حتى لا تضيع في الحي" للكاتب الفرنسي باتريك موديانو الحاصل على جائزة نوبل للادب عام 2014 بفضل اهتمامه ب"فن الذاكرة" اذ استطاع ان يعالج - بفضل هذا الفن - المصائر الانسانية الاصعب فهما وكشف عالم الاحتلال فنجد ان مجمل نتاجه الادبي يدور حول تعلق الشخصيات بالماضي والذكريات ولا سيما تلك التي تعود الى فترة الاحتلال النازي لفرنسا, وكانت معظم اعماله تجسد معاناة وتجارب عاشها الكاتب بنفسه وهذا ما دعانا الى اختياره انموذجا للدراسة.تندرج دراستنا ضمن اطار الدراسات السردية التي تنشغل بدراسة موضوعات النصوص الروائية حيث يعالج البحث موضوع الذاكرة وكيفية عرضها في الروايتين المذكورة انفا, وكذلك كشف العناصر السردية الاكثر توظيفا في النصين والتي لها علاقة مباشرة بعرض موضوع الذاكرة لدى الشخصيات.ومن خلال دراسة وفق المنهج البنيوي مع الافادة من المنهج التحليلي تم تقسيم البحث الى اربعة فصول حيث انشغل الفصل الاول بدراسة بناء المنظور السردي عن طريق تسليط الضوء على مكوناته الاساسية وهي : السارد, المسرود له, وجهة النظر والشخصية.على حين اختص الفصل الثاني بدراسة البناء الزماني في الرواية عن طريق دراسة العناصر الاساسية الاربعة التي تنظم زمن السرد وهي : السرعة السردية , التكرار, الترتيب وانماط السرد.اما الفصل الثالث فقد ركزت فيه الباحثة على دراسة وتحليل البناء المكاني والتقنيات المستعملة في تجسيد المكان في كلتا الروايتين.وجاء الفصل الرابع لدراسة ثلاث موضوعات اساسية مشتركة في الروايتين وهي فقدان الهوية, الوحدة والذاكرة. اما الخاتمة فقد تضمنت اهم النتائج وجاءت على النحو التالي : 1. شغل موضوع الذاكرة حيزا كبيرا في روايتي باتريك موديانو موضوع البحث.2. تعلقت اغلب شخصيات روايتي موديانو بماضيها اذ كان لديها شغفا باسترجاعه على الدوام لذلك ظهرت بحدة تقنية الاسترجاع الداخلي في الروايتين.3. تعدد الامكنة التي ترتادها الشخصيات بحكم استعادتها للماضي | This research deals with the narrative structure with its essential components : narrative perspective, time and place in the two novels “Quartier perdu” and “Pour que tu ne te perdes pas dans le quartier” for the French writer Patrick Modiano who had got the Nobel Prize for literature, in 2014, due to his creativity in "the art of memory". Thanks to this art, he could treat the human fates that is the most difficult to be understood and discovered the world of Occupation. In his literary work we find that the characters are concerned with the past and especially the memories that are related to the Nazi Occupation in France. Most of his work embodies the suffering and experiments which the writer himself faced. This study falls within the narrative and stylistic studies. It takes the subject of memory and how to show this subject in both novels mentioned above. Through a structured and analytic study, the research is divided into four sections : the first chapter deals with the construction of narrative perspective through highlighting its basic components which are : the narrator, the narratee, the point of view and the character whereas the second chapter takes the study of temporal structure in the two novels through the study of the four main elements that organize the time of narrating in the story which are : narrative duration, frequency, order and time of narrating. In the third chapter the researcher concentrates on studying the spacial structure and the techniques used for embodying the place in both narrative texts. Finally, the fourth chapter is a study of three main subjects which are common in both novels. They are : the loss of identity, the loneliness and the memory

الخصائص الجمالية للقصة القصيرة لدى الكاتب بروسبير ميريميه

اسم المؤلف: حيدر كاظم جواد
اسم المشرف: دريد فاضل جواد
الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الفرنسية - اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الفرنسية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

العالم المرئي واللامرئي في مسرحيتي (اميديه) و(الخرتيت) لايونيسكو The visible world and the invisible in Amedee and Rhinoceros For Eugene Ionesco

اسم المؤلف: حيدر عبد الامير حسن
اسم المشرف: لمياء كاظم مفتن
الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الفرنسية - الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الفرنسية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تجسد مسرحيتا اميديه والخرتيت للكاتب المسرحي يوجين يونسكو معاناة الانسان الممزق بين الواقع المؤلم للعالم المرئي والهروب نحو العالم اللامرئي. تعكس هاتان المسرحيتان صورة انسان القرن العشرين الذي يشعر بعزلته واغترابه. يعبر الحدث الدرامي للمسرحيتين عن الضجر العميق الذي يلتهم شخصيات يونسكو. فالمؤلف المسرحي ادخل الهزل التراجيدي من اجل ان يوضح الكوميدي والتراجيدي تحطم اللغة من كل معناها. تبين مسرحية اميديه فشل كل علاقة زوجية بين الزوجين حيث يرمز لهذا الفشل عن طريق تضخم الجثة التي تجتاح عالمهما. ان هذا التضخم يرمز الى ضياع الانسان في عالم مغطى بالاشياء المادية. تفرض هذه الجثة على الزوجين الخائفين من حجمهما الغريب, حيث لايمكن تجاهل او اخفاء هذا الوجود المرعب للجثة. اما فيما يتعلق بمسرحية الخرتيت فانها توضح تصاعد وجود الانظمة الشمولية بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية حيث يتمرد يونسكو ضد كل العقائد والايدولوجيا الموجودة في تلك الحقبة حيث يشجب في هذه المسرحية في الوقت نفسه جميع الانظمة الشمولية وكذلك التصرفات اللانسانية للمجتمع الذي يتبع هذه الانظمة بلا اي مقاومة. تندمج هذه الانظمة الشمولية من اجل اجتياح الوضع البشري عن طريق تحويله الى وحش. ان صورة الاندماج بلا مقاومة قد جسدها الكاتب المسرحي من خلال تحول شخصياته الى خراتيت تقبل بالنتيجة تحولها من كائن بشري الى كائن حيواني فتفقد بالنتيجة كل معالم وجودها لكائنات بشرية. ان شخصيات يونسكو قدمت بمظهر يتارجح بين الهزلية والوحشية. ان رغبة يونسكو في اظهار شخصياته على خشبة المسرح من خلال اغترابها يضعهم في اطار الاستفهام مما يولد الضجر والهزل عند المشاهد. يجسد الكاتب الوضع البشري من خلال سوء الفهم المتبادل في محور اللغة الحوارية واللغة المسرحية والهدف من ذلك توطيد نظرته حول ضجر الوجود وانفصال الانسان عن جذوره وموضحا كذلك غرابة هذا الوجود. يرى يونسكو بان العالم قد فقد ترابطه وكذلك بعده الميتافيزيقي الذي يظهر خاليا من اي معنى, بالنتيجة فان الانسان يجد نفسه ممزقا بين عالمين مرئي ولا مرئي حيث يلتجئ اليهما ولكن لا يجد اي معنى واي مخرج لمعاناته الانسانية. | Amedee and Rhinoceros are two plays by the Romanian - French playwright Eugene Ionesco . Both plays reflect the suffering of the disintegrated man between the painful reality of the visible concrete word and the desire to escape to the invisible world. They are, in essence, a reflection of the twentieth century man who feels strange and alienated in this world. The events in both plays shed light on the deep boredom and ennui that devour the characters. The playwright makes use of the comic - tragic elements to convey the meaninglessness and absurdity of language. Amedee deals with the failure of every marital relationship. This failure is symbolized by the continually growing corpse which invades the couple's world. The growing of the corpse stands for the loss and collapse of man in a world dominated by materialism. The corps forces its way in the world of terrified couple who are afraid of its enormous size. Rhinoceros discusses the rise of the totalitarian system in post - world war ΙΙ. Ionesco in this play revolts against all the dogmas and ideologies prevalent at that time and he condemns all the totalitarian systems and the inhumane and brutal behaviors of societies that succumb to these systems blindly, without any resistance. These totalitarian systems join forces to pervade the human condition by means of transforming it into a monster/rhinoceros. This total conformity without resistance is clearly acted out by the transformation of the characters into rhinoceroses that readily accepts its alteration from a human being into an animal, and consequently, losing all the features of its being as human beings. The characters in both plays fluctuates between two state : burlesque and mockery on hand and brutality and inhumanness on the other. Ionesco's desire to present his characters in their alienation and estrangement makes them a subject of a heavy process of questioning. This situation helps to make the audience bored and humorous at the same time. The human condition is revealed though the mutual misunderstanding and dialogic and dramatic language of the play the aim of which if to portray the existential world - weariness and up rootedness of man. Ionesco views the world as disconnected and disjointed. It has lost its metaphysical dimension and seems meaningless. As a result, man finds himself divided between two worlds : visible and invisible. He tries to resort to them but he finds neither meaning nor an exit out of his humane suffering.

المراة بين التحرر والخضوع في مسرح موليير La femme entre liberté et soumission dans le théâtre de Molière

اسم المؤلف: جنى اسعد عبد المطلب
اسم المشرف: بشار سامي يشوع
الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الفرنسية - اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الفرنسية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يمثل مسرح موليير انعكاس لمجتمع شهد ظواهر كانت لها تاثيرها على الطبقات الاجتماعية وبالتالي على جميع الافراد وكان المظهر العام لهذا المسرح الهزل ,حيث يرتاده الجمهور لغرض الضحك والاستمتاع , غير اننا نجد في الوجه الاخر لهذا المسرح انتقادات حادة للظواهر التي وجدها موليير بانها تستحق النقد. لذلك اخترنا احدى اهم الظواهر والتي تلامس عنصرا اساسيا في بناء الاسرة وهي المراة ووضعها في القرن السابع عشر.في بحثنا هذا اخترنا ثلاث مسرحيات يمكن ان تجسد صورة المراة في مجتمع يسيطر عليه الرجل : «مدرسة النساء والنساء العالمات والمتحذلقتان السخيفتان»انموذجا للدراسة حيث اعطى موليير اهمية كبيرة للمراة وحالتها .وبدا موليير في مسرحه مدافعا عن المراة وساعيا لاعطائها مكانا يليق بها . ودعا موليير الى تحرير المراة من القيود الاجتماعية اذ اعطاها الحق في الحياة والتعليم والزواج وفقا لاختيارها الشخصي . لكن من ناحية اخرى , نجد موليير ينتقد بعض النساء التي تمتلك الحرية المفرطة حتى السلطوية وتتجاوز افعالهن الاعراف السائدة في المجتمع .وهكذا وجه موليير انتقادا حادة نحو الحرية المفرطة وسعى في مسرحه الى اقامة علاقة متوازنة بين الرجل والمراة دون السلطة العليا التي تطلب منهم ان يطيعون رغما عنهم | The theatre of Moliere is a reflection for a community which witnessed phenomena which used to have their impact on all social classes and eventually on all individuals. The farce is the general outlook of Moliere's theatre. It is true that audience used to go to theatre to though and have fun, but there is crucial criticism for whatever he found worthy to be criticized. Here we choose one of these phenomena which touch the principal pole of family's construction which is woman and her painful situation in seventeenth century. For this, we choose three plays which in body the image of woman in a patriarch society. L'Ecole des femmes , les femmes savants and les précieuses ridicules are the samples chosen for this study because Moliere gave great significance for woman and her situation. That's why he appeared, in his theatre , as a defender of woman , looking forward to give her suitable status.Moliere called for emancipation of woman, freeing her the right to be educated and to have a life of her own and to get married according to her own choice. On the other hand, we find that the author criticizes some woman who hasexcessive freedom and their actions exile the tradition of society. That's why Moliere directed his sharp criticism a quaint this kind of freedom. And he looked, in his theatre, for a badland relationship between man and woman without any one of men imposing his control on the other

استخلاص ايونات العناصر الرصاص والكادميوم والزك والرينيوم بتقنية الغشاء السائل باستخدام المركبات الحلقية العيانية Extraction of Lead, Cadmium, Zinc and Rhenium ions by Liquid Membrane Technique Using Macrocyclic Compounds

اسم المؤلف: يسرى عمران موسى
اسم المشرف: مؤيد كاصد جلهوم جميل موسى ضباب
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Liquid - Liquid extraction of metal salts (MA) by Crown compounds(L) to less - polar diluents such as Chloroform,1,2 - dichloroethane and Carbon tetrachloride have previously been studied by considering an ion - pair formation between a complex metal ion ML+ and a pairing ion A - in water (W) and a distribution of the formed ion pairs MLA in the diluents. Liquid membrane transport is a new separation process as a modification of solvent extraction the simultaneous extraction and stripping operation is very attractive ,because the solute of interest can move from a high concentration solution to a low concentration solution with a suitable crown ether derivatives which have been widely used as suitable neutral carriers for the selective and efficient transportation of cations through liquid membranes.Liquid membranes have shown a great potential in this way especially in cases where metal concentration are relatively low and other techniques cannot be applied efficiently. Cation and anion transport by neutral macrocycles in liquid membranes is often diffusion limited extraction constants, permeability, flux coefficients and an aqueous phase macrocycle - cation and anion - cation interaction constants and membrane geometry are the parameters in the diffusion limited transport equation.The transport kinetic was analyzed by means of a kinetic model involving two consecutive irreversible first - order reactions. The rate constants of extraction stripping reactions and the transport rate fluxes of Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and ReO4 - through the bulk liquid membrane were determined for all experimental conditions studied.The present thesis reports the first application in Iraq ,by using macro cyclic compounds (crown ethers) as carrier in Liquid Membrane techniques as well as the matching size model of crown ethers with various ionic radius of metal ions, from evaluation of dibenzo 18 - Crown - 6, dicyclohexyl 18 - crown - 6 Kryptofix 2.2.2 and diaza 18 - crowwn - 6 as carrier molecule and study theXVIItransport behavior of Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and ReO4 - across (1,2 - dichloroethane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride) as Bulk Liquid Membrane.In the present work transport experiments were performed across Bulk Liquid Membranes(BLMs) using U - Shape Setup from source phase which consist of 10 - 3M of metal ions dissolved in 10 mL of double distilled deionized water at pH=5.2 - 5.5 for Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ metal cations and at pH= 6.2 - 6.5 for ReO4 - metal anion to receiving phase consist of 10ml of double distilled deionized water at pH= 3.2 - 3.7 across organic phase consisting 0.001M of dibenzo18 - crown - 6, dicyclohexyl 18 - crown - 6, Krypto fix2.2.2 and 1,10 - diaza 18 - crown - 6 were dissolve in 1,2 - dichloroethane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.The effects of operating conditions such as stirring speed, type of carrier, type of solvent, temperature and pH were studied. The results of permeability and flux coefficients show that the transport rate of metal ions can be enhanced by increasing stirring speed but not higher than l00 rpm using dicyclohexyl 18 - crwon - 6 as carrier due to the presence of donating group (cyclohexyl group) , It is well known that transition metal ions form stable complexes with ligands having N or S donors, which are hard bases ,but the affinities of crown ethers to soft transition metal ions are rather weak because crown ethers have hard O donors. In addition ,because of the large solvation energy of transition metal ions, crown ethers rarely form complexes with transition metal ions.1,2 - dichloro ethane is the best solvent due to its moderate polarity constant and the favorable temperature of the reaction is 30C 1 according to Arrhenius equation. There is no trend observed in the PH effect because the type of carriers is a neutral extract ant molecule which is less interaction than basic and acidic extractants with concentration of hydronium ion in solution. Also, the selectivity and efficiency of transport rate of metal ions matching with the values of its hydration

تحضير وبلمرة عدد من المونومرات الحاوية على مجاميع حلقية غير متجانسة وبطرائق مختلفة Synthesis and Polymerization of Several Monomers Containing Heterocyclic Groups By Different Methods

اسم المؤلف: وفاء مهدي ساجت الكوفي
اسم المشرف: فريال محمد علي السلامي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2009
الموضوع الدقيق: كيمياء البوليمرات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان تطور حقل البوليمرات الدوائية قد اخذ بالاهتمام في العقدين الماضيين كمواد بايولوجية استخدمت في مكونات صناعة الاعضاء وكوسيلة دوائية وفي طب الاسنان، وقد تطور حقل المعرفة بالبوليمرات المستعملة كمواد صيدلانية وعلاجية،وقد استخدمت كمقدمات دوائية (prodrugs) التي يتم تحررها بسرع منتظمة على شكل جزيئات صغيرة او كبيرة كعلاج لامراض مختلفة ولمواقع مصابة محددة في الجسم لتقليل السمية ولتحسين الانتخابية.ونتيـــجة لتزايد اهمـــــية البوليـــمرات الدوائية الحاوية على مجامـــيع حلقـــية غير متجانسة فقد تم في هذا البـــحث تحضير بوليمرات دوائية مختلفة بخـــطوات ثــلاث : - اولا : - تحضير عـــــــدد من حوامـــــض الســـــتراكوناميك المعــــــوضة (1A5 - A) والايتكوناميك المعوضة (A10 - A6) من تفاعل حامض الستراكون اللامائي او الايتكون اللامائي مع امينات حلقية غير متجانسة مثل ( 2 - امينو بريدين ،الميلامين ،4 - امينو انتي بايـــرين ،4 - امينـــو - 2,2,6,6 - تيترا مثيل ببــــريدين، 2 - امينو - 6 - هيــدروكسي بيريدين ).1. ان المونومرات المحضرة اعلاه جميعها قد بلمرت بطريقة الجذور الحرة (A20 - A11) وحولت الى املاح الصوديوم (A31 - A27)، (A36 - A32) او الامونيوم (A41 - A37) ، (A46 - A42) المقابلة.2. تحضير الايمايدات المعوضة المقابلة باستخدام حامض الخليك اللامائي وخـلات الصــوديوم اللامائية بســــــحب جزيئة ماء وغلـــــــق الحلقة (A23 - A21)، ثم بلمرت الايمايدات المعوضة بالمجاميع الحلقية غير المتجانسة (A26 - A24) .ثانيا : - البلمرة التكاثفية للاديبويل كلورايد مع : - ا - الثايمين واليوراسيل لتحضير البولي استر (A48 - A47) .ب‌ - الميلامين للحصول على بولي امايد (A49) متشابك او خيطي . جـ - 2 - امينو 6 - هيدروكسي بيريدين للحصول على بولي (استر - امايد) التتابعي (A50).ثالثا : - ا - تحضير مونومرات الاكريل امايد المعوضة من تكاثف حامض الاكريليك مع الامينات الحلقية غير المتجانسة (A55 - A51) ثم بلمرة هذه المونومرات الى (A60 - A56) بطريقة الجذور الحرة.ب - بلمرة حامض الاكريليك وتعويضه بالامينات الحلقية غير المتجانسة للحصول على بوليمرات الاكريل امايد المعوضة بهذه الطريقة (A60 - A56).شخصت المونومرات والبوليمرات المحضرة بوساطة اطياف الاشعة تحت الحمراء والاشعة فوق البنفسجية ،وبعضها قد شخص بوساطة التحليل الدقيق للعناصر .كما درست الصفات الفيزيائية والنسب المئوية للانتفاخ لبعض البوليمرات المحضرة. | The use of functional polymers in medicine has been of considerable growth during the past two decades Polymers as biomaterial have found applications in such areas as artificial organs, tissue engineering ,components of medical devices ,and dentistry. A growing as pect of the field is recognition of polymers as useful therapeutic agents ,ice ,either polymers that exhibit pharmacological properties or that can be utiliced as carried for selective and sustained delivery small molecular or macromolecular as a pharmaceutical agents for a variety disease states .They include delivery of drugs at sustained rate, targeted delivery of drugs at specific sites (to minimize toxicity and enhance selectivity for certain antitumors . Due to the increasing importanceof drug polymers containing heterocyclic compounds, in this new work different drug polymers have been synthesized by three lines as follow : - First : - - Preparation of N - substituted Citraconamic acids (A5 - A1) and Itaconamic acids(A10 - A6) from reaction of Citraconic anhydride and itaconicanhydr with different heterocyclic amines such as 2Amino pyridine ,Melamine, 4 - Aminoanti Pyrine, 2,2,4,4 Pipredine and 2 - Amino 6 - hydroxy pyridine.All these prepared monomers were polymerized free radically (A11 - A15),(A16 - A20) and converted to their corresponding sodium or ammonium salts(A42 - A46),(A37 - A41),(A32 - A36),(A27 - A31) and cyclized to corresponding imides (A21 - A23) by using acetic anhydride and anhydrous sod.acetate as a dehydrating agent, then polymerized to N - substituted polyimide (A24 - A26). Second : - Polycondensation of Adipoyl chloride with : - A - Uracile or Thymine to prepare polyesters(A47 - A48) .B - Melamine to get Polyamide (A49).C - 2 - Amino 6 - hydroxy Pyridine to get Sequential Poly(ester - amide) (A50). Third : - A - Synthesis of N - Heterocyclic Acrylamide Monomers from reaction of Acrylic acid with hetrocyclic amines (A55 - A51) .All acrylamide monomers were polymerized freeradicall (A60 - A56).B - Polymerization of acrylic acid then substituted by heterocyclic amines produce N - substituted acrylamide Polymers (A60B - A56B).The preparated monomers and polymers were characterized by UV.,IR spectroscopy ,and some of them were analyzed by element analysis, physical properties and viscosities were determined ,acid number and swelling percentage have been studied for some polymers

البروتينات السكرية، اللبتين وبعض الدوال الكيموحيوية في امصال مرضى التهاب الكبد الفيروسي B&C Glycoproteins, leptin & some Biochemical Markers in Sera of patients with viral hepatitis B&C

اسم المؤلف: وجيه خاجي عبيد
اسم المشرف: صفاء عبد الكريم اسراء غسان
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: التهاب الكبد الفيروسي نوعا B وC هما السبب الرئيسي لامراض الكبد المزمنة.وان ارتفاع مستوى بروتين الجنين الفا (AFP) في المصل يعد كمؤشر لتجديد خلايا الكبد بعد انحلال الخلية الكبدية في التهاب الكبد الفيروسي, كذلك يمكن ان يكون تقدير مستوى اللبتين(Leptin) لدى مرضى التهاب الكبد المزمن نوع B وC ذو اهمية.كانت مدة هذه الدراسة من ايلول 2011 الى نيسان 2012 واجريت في المستشفى التعليمي لامراض الكبد والجهاز الهضمي /بغداد ، وهدفت هذه الدراسة الى ايجاد علاقة ترابطية بين مستوى الفافيتوبروتين ومستويات اللبتين, وبين البروتينات السكرية (PBH, SP&PBF) في المصل من جهة وبعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية من جهة اخرى والمتضمنة }شكل الدهون VLDL TC,TG,HDL,LDL، الانزيمات الناقلة لمجموعة الامينALT,AST, انزيم الفوسفاتيز القاعديALP, البيليروبن الكلي والمباشرTSB,DBIL, الالبومين : ALB, وقت التخثر : {PT لدى 61 مريض (31 مريض مصاب بالتهاب الكبد الفيروسي نوع B و30 مريض مصاب بالتهاب الكبد الفيروسي نوع C ) وتمت مقارنتهم بـ30 شخص من عينات التحكم. اشارت النتائج الى مايلي : 1. زيادة معنوية(دالة) كبيرة جدا(p<0.001) في مستويات (TSB, DBIL, ALT, ALP, TSP, Leptin, AFP, PBH, SP and PBF) لدى مرضى التهاب الكبدC&B مقارنة مع عينات التحكم.2. تناقص معنوي (دال) كبير جدا (p<0.001) في مستويات (ALB, TC, TG, HDL, LDL and VLDL) في امصال مرضى التهاب الكبدC&B مقارنة بعينات التحكم.3. كان هناك تناقص غير معنوي (غير دال) ضئيل(p>0.05) في مستويات (PT) لدى مرضى التهاب الكبدB وزيادة غير معنوية ضئيلة (p>0.05) لدى مرضى التهاب الكبدC مقارنة بعينات التحكم.4. كان هناك تناقص غير معنوي (غير دال) ضئيل(p>0.05) في مستويات (DBIL, ALP, TSP, TC, HDL, Leptin, AFP, PBH, SP and PBF) لدى مرضى التهاب الكبدB مقارنة بمرضى التهاب الكبدC.في الوقت ذاته لوحظ فقط تناقص معنوي ضئيل (p<0.05) في مستويات اللبتين لدى مرضى التهاب الكبدB مقرنة بمرضى التهاب الكبدC.5. ظهرت زيادة غير معنوية(غير دالة) ضئيلة (p>0.05) في مستويات (TSB, ALT, AST, PT, TG, LDL and VLDL) لدى مرضى التهاب الكبدB مقارنة بمرضى التهاب الكبدC.6. اظهرت النتائج زيادة غير معنوية(غير دالة) ضئيلة (p>0.05) في مستويات (TSB, DBIL, AST, ALP, PT, TC, HDL, LDL, Leptin, PBH, SP and PBF) لدى الذكور من مرضى التهاب الكبد الفيروسي بنوعيه (HBV) والتهاب الكبد (HCB) مقارنة بالاناث.7. كان هناك تناقص غير معنوي (غير دال) ضئيل(p>0.05) في مستويات (ALT, ALB, TSP, TG, VLDL and AFP) لدى الذكور من مرضى التهاب الكبد الفيروسي بنوعيه الـ (HCV&HBV) من الذكور مقارنة بالمرضى الاناث.8. اظهرت مستويات الالفافيتوبروتين (AFP) في مصل مرضى التهاب الكبد الفيروسي نوع B ترابطا ايجابيا مع وقت التخثر(PT) حيث كانت (r=0.384, p=0.048) ومع اللبتين (Leptin) كانت (r=0.531, p=0.005), بينما لم تظهر مستويات اللبتين والفافيتوبروتين اي ارتباط مع كل المتغيرات الاخرى قسد الدراسة لدى مرضى التهاب الكبد الفيروسي بنوعيهB&C.9. اظهرت مستويات (PBH) في مصل مرضى التهاب الكبد نوع C ترابطا ايجابيا مع (ALT) حيث كانت (r=0.511, p=0.004), وترابطا سلبيا مع (SP) حيث كانت (r= - 0.47, p=0.009), بينما اظهر مستوى (SP) في مرضى التهاب الكبد نوع C ترابطا ايجابيا مع (PBF) حيث كانت (r=0.364, p=0.048), واخيرا اظهر مستوى (PBF) في مرضى التهاب الكبد نوع C ترابطا ايجابيا مع (ALP) حيث كانت (r=0.415, p=0.023). | Hepatitis B and C viruses are a leading cause of chronic liver diseases. Elevated serum alpha - fetoprotein (AFP) has been used as a marker for hepatic regeneration after the destruction of hepatocyte in viral hepatitis. Also Leptin level may be an important parameter for measured in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C. The duration of this study was from September 2011 to April 2012, in the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital / Baghdad, aimed to examine the association between serum AFP, leptin & some glycoproteins (Protein binding hexose (PBH), Seromucoid protein (SP) and Protein bonding fucose (PBF) levels with some other biochemical parameters : [lipid profile, Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT&AST) , alkaline phophatase (ALP), total serum bilirubin (TSB), Direct serum bilirubin (DBIL), total serum protein (TSP), albumin (ALB), prothrombin time (PT)] in 61 patients (31 Hepatitis B Virus and 30 Hepatitis C Virus) compared with 30 control subjects.The results indicated the following : 1. A highly significant increase (p<0.001) in the levels of TSB, DBIL, AST, ALT,ALP, TSP, Leptin, AFP, PBH, SP and PBF in hepatitis B&C patients compared to control subjects.2. A highly significant decrease(p<0.001) in the serum levels of serum ALB, TC, TG, HDL, LDL and VLDL in hepatitis B&C patients compared to control subjects.3. Non significant decrease(p>0.05) in the levels of PT in hepatitis B patients & non significant increase(p>0.05) in hepatitis C patients compared to control subjects,4. Non significant decrease (p>0.05)in the levels of DBIL, ALP, ALB,TSP, TC, HDL, AFP, PBH, SP and PBF in hepatitis B patients compared to hepatitis C patients. While a significant decrease (p<0.05) only in the levels of Leptin in hepatitis B patients compared to hepatitis C patients.5. Non significant increase (p>0.05) in the levels of TSB, ALT, AST, PT, TG, LDL and VLDL in hepatitis B patients compared to hepatitis C patients.6. Non significant increase (p>0.05) in the levels of TSB, DBIL, AST, ALP, PT, TC, HDL, LDL, Leptin, PBH, SP and PBF in HBV&HCV male patients compared to HBV&HCV female patients.7. Non significant decrease (p>0.05) in the levels of ALT, ALB, TSP, TG, VLDL and AFP in HBV&HCV male patients compared to HBV&HCV female patients.8. Serum AFP levels showed positive correlation with Prothrombin time (PT) (r=0.384, p=0.048) & with Leptin(r=0.531, p=0.005) in HBV patients, while Leptin & AFP levels showed no correlation with all other parameters in HBV&HCV patients.9. In HCV patients serum PBH levels showed positive correlation with ALT (r=0.511, p=0.004) & negative correlation with SP (r= - 0.47, p=0.009), while PBF levels showed positive correlation with SP (r=0.364, p=0.048). Finally, PBF levels showed positive correlation with ALP (r=0.415, p=0.023).

استخلاص وفصل بعض ايونات اللانثانات باستخدام متعدد الايثر ثنائي بنزو - 18 - كراون - 6 - من المحاليل المائية Extraction and Seperation of Some Lanthanoide Ions by Polydibenzo - 18 - Crown - 6 - from Aqueous Solutions

اسم المؤلف: هادي حسن جاسم الشمري
اسم المشرف: مؤيد كاصد جلهوم نجاة جواد العبيدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2002
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: كان الهدف من البحث هو اعتماد انتقائية متعدد الايثر التاجي (PDB18C6) للايونات الموجبة في استخلاص بعض ايونات اللنثنيدات من محاليلها او فصلها عن بعض في حالات وجودها في المزيج وكذلك فصلها وتعيين نسبها في بعض خامات (Bastnaesite Ores) وشملت الدراسة بالاضافة الى اللنثنيدات عنصري السكانديوم والايتريوم للتشابه الكبير بين خواصهما وخواص اللنثنيدات حيث تصنف هذه العناصر مع اللنثنيدات ويطلق عليها تسمية (Lanthanoides) . العناصر التي درست كانت كالاتي : Sc) ، Y ، La ، Ce ، Pr ، Nd ، Eu ، Gd ، Dy ، Tm ، (Lu . كما تم تسليط الضوء على طبيعة عمليات الاستخلاص والعوامل المؤثرة عليها مثل : ا. زمن الاستخلاص .ب. قيمة الدالة الحامضية الـ (pH) المحلول .جـ. تاثير درجة الحرارة وتعيين الدوال الثرموديناميكية Gex) ، Hex ، (Sex .د. استنتاج تركيب المعقدات المستخلصة باستخدام طريقة تحليل الميل .ا. استخلاص اللنثنيدات : استخلصت جميع ايونات اللنثنيدات بالاضافة الى السكانديوم والايتريوم بوساطة بوليمر الكراون ايثر (PDB18C6) في اوساط حامضية تراوحت قيمة الدالة الحامضية لها ما بين (pH=3  5) 1. دراسة تاثير الدالة الحامضية (pH) المحلول : تم استخلاص الايونات المذكورة باستخدام قيم مختلفة من الدالة الحامضية وتم تحديد افضل قيمة مناسبة لعملية الاستخلاص لكل نوع من الايونات وكانت كالاتي : La Ce Pr Nd Eu Gd Dy Tm Lu Sc Y5.0 4.8 4.8 4.5 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.0 2.0 3.6لقد وجد عمليا ان قيمة الدالة الحامضية للمحلول (pH) تزداد كلما ازداد حجم الايون او نصف القطر .2. دراسة تاثير عامل الزمن : وجد ان هناك علاقة طردية بين فترة عملية الرج لاستخلاص كل ايون ونسب الاستخلاص متمثلة بقيم معامل التوزيع (kD) والنسبة المئوية للاستخلاص (E%) . حيث كلما تزداد الفترة الزمنية لعملية الاستخلاص ازدادت قيم كل من (kD) و(E%) حيث يصل الاستخلاص الى حالة الاتزان عندها يثبت تقريبا تركيز الايون المستخلص في الوسط العضوي (Corg) وتركيز الايون المتبقي ( غير المستخلص ) في المحلول المائي (Caq) . وان اعلى قيمة استخلاص لجميع الايونات كانت عند فترة الوصول الـى حالـة الاتزان . وان عملية الاستخلاص لجميع الايونات التي تمت دراستها قد وصلت الـى حالة التـوازن بعد (50 min) من عملية الرج باستثناء ايوني اللانثانيوم وحصل التوازن بعـد (60 min) والسكانديوم بعد (40 min) . علما ان فترة عملية الرج لجميـع الايونات تقريبا تراوحت ما بين (10 - 90 min) . 3. دراسة تاثير تركيز الحامض (HNO3) : كما درس تاثير تركيز الحامض (HNO3) خارج نطاق الـ (pH) على استخلاص اللنثنيدات باستخدام تراكيز مختلفة من الوسط الحامضي تراوحت ما بين (0.17.0 M) وقـد اثر سلبا تركيز الحامض على عملية الاستخلاص فكلما ازداد تركيـز الحامض بالمحلول انخفضت عملية الاستخلاص متمثلة بقيم (kD) و(E%) واعتقد ان السبب يرجع الى منافسة ايونات الهيدروجين (H+) ، ايونات اللنثانات (Ln3+) على الاستضافة داخل الحلقـة الكراونية مما يؤدي الى انخفاض نسبة الاستخلاص كلما ازداد تركيز ايونات الهيدروجين بالمحلول او ربما تحل محلها وتؤدي الى تفكك بعض جزيئات المعقد الناتج وكما في المعادلات التالية : Ln : الايون اللنثاني.L : الليكاند ( بوليمر الكروان ايثر ) .4. تعيين التركيب المحتمل للمعقد الناتج ما بين الايون اللنثاني والبوليمر : لتعيين تركيب المعقد الناتج ما بين الليكاند والايون تم استخدام طريقـة تحليـل الميل (Slope Analysis Method) . وتم التوصل الى تركيب المعقد من خلال الطريقة وكانت العلاقة كالاتي (1 : 1 : 3 Ln3+ : Crown : 3(NO¬3) ما بين الايـون والليكانـد والايـون السالـب على التوالي . دراسة تاثير درجة الحرارة : تم دراسة تاثير درجة الحرارة على عملية الاستخلاص وظهرت ان افضل درجة حرارة لعملية الاستخلاص لاغلب الايونات كانت (30 0C) باستثناء عدد من الايونات كانت نسبة الاستخلاص بدرجات حرارة اعلى كالاتي : . دراسة الدوال الثرموداينيميكية : وجد ان استخلاص ايونات اللنثنيدات من محلول حامضي تفاعل باعث للحرارة وذلك من خلال حساب قيم (Hex KJ/mole) ولكن زيادة الاستخلاص بالتسخين بسيطة من خلال حساب قيم معامل التوزيع (kD) والنسبة المئوية للاستخلاص (E%) وهـذا ما يثبت ان القوى المسيرة للتفاعل هي انتروبية على الاكثر حيث ظهرت قيمة (Sex) موجبـة لجميع الايونات . كما ظهرت قيمة (Gex KJ/mole) سالبة تدل على تلقائية التفاعل . وان قيـم Sex) ، Hex ، (Gex تتاثر بنوع الايون المستخلص والتوافق بالحجم ما بين قطر الايون وحجم الفجوة لبوليمر الكراون ايثر فكلما ازداد حجم الايون اللنثنيدي اقترب من حجم الفجوة الكراونية فيعطي استقرارية ثرموداينيميكية عالية لمعقد الترابط الايوني وزادت قيمة (Hex) ويحصل العكس كلما صغر حجم الايون اللنثنيدي .ب. فصل اللنثانات : تم فصل نماذج من ايونات اللنثنيدات يحتوي كل نموذج على مزيج من ايونين او ثلاثة ايونات من اللنثنيدات وذلك باستخدام كروموتوغرافيا العمود وكان الطور الثابت بالعمود هـو بوليمر الايثر التاجي (PDB18C6) والذي يعامل مسبقا بمحلول الطور المتحرك . والطور المتحرك كان محلول مخفف من حامض النتريك بتراكيز مختلفة تتناسب مع قيمة الدالة الحامضية للايونات المراد فصلها . ومعدل الجريان (1 ml/min) في اغلب الحالات وتم فصل الايونات التالية . 1. فصل ايونات (YIII) عن ايونات (ScIII) : كانت الدالة الحامضية لمحلول الاسترداد (pH=4) حيث احتجز الايتريوم بشكل تام لحين استرجاع جميع السكانديوم ثم يبدا بعدها استرجاع الايتريوم . 2. فصل ايونات (LaIII) عن ايونات (TmIII) : كانت الدالة الحامضية لمحلول الاسترداد (pH=5) وكان الفصل تام حيث احتجز اللنثنم بشكل كامل لحين استرجاع جميع الثوليوم بعدها يبدا استرجاع اللنثنم . 3. فصل ايونات (CeIII) عن ايونات (LuIII) : باستخدام محلول الاسترداد ذات الدالة الحامضية (pH=4.8) وحصل حجز تام للسيريوم على الحشوة لحين استرجاع كامل للوتشيوم بعدها يبدا استرجاع السيريوم . 4. فصل مزيج من ثلاث ايونات (ScIII) و(LaIII) و(PrIII) : تم فصل الايونات الثلاثة عن بعضها باستخدام محلول الاسترداد (HNO3) ذات دالة حامضية (pH=5) وكان السكانديوم اقلهم احتجاز لذلك استرجع بشكل تام خلال الدفعات الاولى ومن ثم بدا استرجاع ايونات البراسديميوم لان اللنثنم اكثرهم احتجاز بسبب قوة الترابط بين ايوناته والراتنج ولكن الفصل غير تام ما بين البراسديميوم واللنثنم حيث بدا اللنثنم بالخروج قبل الانتهاء من استرجاع اللنثنم . 5. فصل ايونات (TmIII) عن ايونات (LuIII) : تم فصل ايونات الثوليوم عن ايونات اللوتشيوم بشكل جزئي باستخدام محلول الاسترداد ذات الدالة الحامضية (pH=3.4) وكان فترة احتجاز الثوليوم اكثر قليلا من اللوتشيوم . ثم اعيد فصلها مرة اخرى بتغير قيمة الدالة الحامضية لمحلول الاسترداد الى (pH=3.0) حيث ازدادت فترة احتجاز اللوتشيوم وقلت فترة احتجاز الثوليوم على الحشوة وبقي الفصل بينهما غير تام بسبب التقارب في قوة ارتباط الايونين مع بوليمر الكراون ايثر . 6. فصل ايونات (LaIII) عن ايونات (CeIII) : تم فصل ايونات اللنثنم عن ايونات السيريوم باستخدام محلول الاسترداد ذات الدالة الحامضية (pH=4) وكانت فترة احتجاز السيريوم اكثر قليلا من اللنثنم لذلك تم استرجاع اللنثنم في البداية ولكن الفصل لم يكن تاما بسبب التقارب في الارتباط ما بين الايونين مع الراتنج . جـ. استخلاص وفصل ايونات اللنثنيدات من خامات Bastnaesite : تم فصل واستخلاص ثمانية ايونات من اللنثنيدات من ثلاثة انواع من خامات (Bastnaesite) الحاوية على اللنثنيدات . حيث توجد عناصر كل من (Lu,Dy,Eu,Y,Sm,Nd,Gd,Pr) في هذه الخامات بنسـب متفاوتـة . كما درس تاثيـر (pH) المحلول على عملية الاستخلاص وذلك باستخدام تركيزين مختلفين من محلول الاسترداد ( الطور المتحرك ) هما (1*10 - 3 M HNO3) و(1*10 - 4 M HNO3) . ولاحظنا بان للدالة الحامضية تاثير على زمن الاحتجاز للايونات على الحشوة ( بوليمر الكراون ايثر ) حيث احتجزت كمية من الايونات على الحشوة عندما كانت (pH=4.0) بالنسبة للايونات الخفيفة من اللنثنيدات بسبب قوة الترابـط بينـها وبين الراتنـج الموجود بالحشوة . وحصل احتجاز لبعض ايونات اللنثنيدات الثقيـلـة (Lu,Dy) عندما كانت (pH=3.0) لمحلو الاسترداد . استخدمـت تقنـيـة البلازما المحتثـة فـي تعييـن مـزيج عناصر اللنثنيدات . | The aim of the present work involved the extraction and separation of some lanthanide ions, scandium and yitterium (Sc,Y,La,Pr,Nd,Gd,Eu,Dy,Tm,Lu), using the polydibenzo - 18 - crown - 6 with nitrate salt. The factors was studied, shaking time, effect of pH, effect of temperature on the extraction ,complex structure formed and thermodynamic factors (Gex , Hex , Sex). Polydibenzo - 18 - crown - 6 was used for the extraction and separation of lanthanoides : - I - Lanthanoides Extraction Some lanthaniode ions (Ln3+) were extracted by polydibenzo - 18 - crown - 6 (PDB18C6). The best temperature and pH extracted for lanthanoide ions from lanthanum ions at 40 0C, (pH=5) of solution, the extraction percentage (97%) and the least extraction ions from Scandium were reached (71.25%) . The extraction of lanthanoide ions were studided at different pH between (1 - 5) to select the best pH for extraction.The pH value of solution from lanthanoide ions extraction increases with increase the cation diameter. The extraction percentage (E%) and distribution coeffeicent of lanthanide, scandium and yitterium ions increased with shaking time until equilibrium state. At the equilibrium state the remaining concentration (Caq) and extracting concentration (Corg) were constant .Extraction time to reach the equilibrium point at 50 min for most ions. Extraction for lanthanoide decreased by increasing the acidity of the solution between (0.1 - 7.0 M HNO3) . Because the protons displaced the lanthaniode ions (Ln3+) from the complex formation and the complex was dissociated according to the following equation L : polydibenzo - 18 - crown - 6 - Ln : Lanthanoide ion The structure of the extracted complex can be determined by slope method .The proposed structure obtained by extraction of 1 : 1 : 3 for lanthanoide ion : ligand : counter ion (NO3The best temperature for extraction process at 30 0C for most lanthnoide ions except for Lanthanum, Scandium at 40 0C and Yitterium at 60 0C From thermodynamic studies, show that the negative value of (Gex , Hex) it means the reaction process spontaneous and exothermic . While the extraction increased with temperature increase it means the reaction under entropy control and not enthalapy controlled. II - Lanthanoides Separation : The separation between two or three ions of lanthanoides was studied by Solid - Liquid Chromotography, using a packed column of polydibenzo - 18 - crown - 6 resin after treatment with nitric acid, as a stationary phase at different concentration of nitric acid were used as a mobile phase. The eluent flow rate at (1.0 ml/min). The length of the column (25 cm) with (1 cm) diameter.1 - Separation of yttrium ions from scandium ions by PDB18C6 resin as stationary phase and (1*10 - 4 M HNO3) as mobile phase with constant flow rate (1 ml/min). The scandium ions was eluted first one and the separation of Sc from Y was completed.2 - A complete separation of Lanthanum (La) from Thulium ions by the same condition as above, at pH=5 , in which the thulium ions were eluted first.3 - A complete separation of Cerium ions from Lutetium ions at (pH=4.8) of elution . Cerium completely retention until Lutetium ions were eluted. flow rate of elution (1 ml/min).4 - Separation of three lanthanoide ions (Pr,La,Sc) at (1*10 - 5 M HNO3) solution was eluted with flow rate (3 ml/min). A complete separation was achieved for the separation of Scandium from lanthanum and praseodymium ions at pH=5. Because the Pr and La ions retention by the resin. Praseodymium ion was partially separated from lanthanum ions.5 - A partial separation of thulium ions from lutetium ions, lutetium ions was eluted first at pH=3.4, while in the 2nd experiment thulium ions was eluted first at pH=3.6 - A partial separation of lanthanum ions from cerium ions by (1*10 - 4 M HNO3) as elution, Lanthanum ions were eluted first one.III - Extraction of Lanthanoides elements from Bastnaesite Ores : Three kinds of Bastnaesite ores were studied, using ICP emission (Inductively Coupled Plasma). The three Bastnaesite ores were contained the same elements (Pr, Gd, Nd, Sm, Y, Eu, Dy, Lu) at different percent. The separation of these elements by using the same column (25 cm with 1 cm diameter) at different pH (3,4), lighter lanthanide elements with best retention at pH=4, while the heavy elements (Dy, Lu) were retended at pH= 3 and have the same conformation as above

استخلاص وتقدير الايبوبروفين بطريقتي الامتصاص الجزيئي والامتصاص الذري في المستحضرات الصيدلانية EXTRACTION AND DETERMINATION OF IBUPROFEN BY ALTRAVIOLITE - VISIBLE (UV - VIS)AND FLAME ATOMIC ABSORPATION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION

اسم المؤلف: نهاد كنعان عبد
اسم المشرف: هادي حسن جاسم الشمري
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتضمن هذه الدراسة استحداث طرائق تحليلية جديدة في تقدير كمية العقار الايبوبروفين IBU (المستخدم كدواء لاسيترويدي مضاد للالتهابات وخافض للحرارة ومسكن للالام واستخدامات اخرى كثيرة) في بعض المستحضرات الصيدلانية على هيئة اقراص او شراب باستخدام تقنيتي الامتصاص الجزيئي (UV—Vis) والامتصاص الذري اللهبي(FAAS) بشكل غير مباشر. وتضمن البحث : اولا : تقدير العقار على هيئة معقد [IBU—Co(II)] ا - باستخدام مطيافية الاشعة فوق البنفسجية - المرئية UV - Vis في هذه الطريقة تم تقدير العقار عن طريق تكوين معقد IBU—Co(II) وتم تحديد الظروف العملية المثلى لعملية التعقيد مثل : 1. تاثير الدالة الحامضية pH Effectدرس تاثير الدالة الحامضية على عملية التعقيد ,وتم التوصل الى ان افضل قيمة مناسبة لاكتمال عمليـــــة التعقيـــد هــــي (pH =8.5) اذ اعطت اعلى ممتصية .2. تركيـــز ايــــون الكوبلـــــت Co(II) Concentration : وجد ان افضل تركيز لايون الكوبلت يلزم لعملية التعقيد مع حجم (5) مل من محلول العقار ذو التركيز (100 ppm) هو (71.4) جزء بالمليون. 3. تاثير درجة الحرارة Temp—Effect درس تاثير درجة الحرارة على عملية التعقيد اذ تبين ان درجة حرارة (30 مº) هي افضل درجة مناسبة لاتمام عملية التعقيد . 4. زمـــــن التفاعـــــــل Reaction Time في هذه الدراسة حددت افضل مدة زمنية كافية لاجراء عملية تكوين المعقد بين العقار وايون الكوبالت فكانت ثلاث عشر دقيقة .5. انتقاء المذيب المناسب اجريت عدة تجارب لتحديد افضل مذيب مناسب لاستخلاص المعقد الناتج مابين الكوبالت واللاجنة IBU—Co(II) فتبين ان استخدام مزيج من مذيب عضوي (البنزين والسايكلوهكسان) هو افضل مذيب مناسب لعملية الاستخلاص؛ كونه مذيبا جيدا للمعقد ومذيبا غير جيد لكل من الايون الفلزي واللاجنة .6. زمن الرج تم تحديد افضل مدة زمنية لرج المزيج داخل قمع الفصل لاتمام عملية استخلاص او انتقال المعقد من الطور المائي الى العضوي فتبين ان دقيقتين كانتا كافيتين لاستخلاص المعقد .7. حجم الطورين داخل قمع الفصل في هذه التجارب تم تحديد افضل حجم من الطور العضوي (المزيج من البنزين والسايكلوهكسين) اللازم لاستخلاص المعقد من المحلول المائي ذو حجم (5)مل فتبين ان واحد مل من المزيج العضوي كاف لعملية الاستخلاص .8. النسبة المولية درست نسبة التعقيد بين العضيدة والايون الفلزي M : L بعد تثبيت جميع الظروف المثلى وباستخدام طريقتين هما طريقة جوب والنسبة المولية فظهرت النتيجة متطابقة، وان نسبة التعقيد كانت (1 : 1).9. الطول الموجي للامتصاص UV - Vis Absorption استخدمت تقنية الاشعة فوق البنفسجية - المرئية لتحديد الاطوال الموجية لكل من العقار والايون الفلزي والمعقد الناتج وطالما ان لهذه المكونات الثلاث اكثر من طول للامتصاص تم استخدام الاطوال الموجية التي لاتسبب اي تداخل بين المكونات الثلاث ولذلك تم تثبيت الاطوال الموجية للامتصاصات كما يلي : a. الطول الموجي لامتصاص ايون الكوبالت هو 509 نانومتر.b. الطول الموجي لامتصاص العضيدة هو 221 نانومتر .c. الطول الموجي لامتصاص المعقد 603 نانومتر . ب - منحني المعايرة Calibration Curveتم تحضير منحني المعايرة للمعقد الناتج وباستخدام التقنيتين المذكورتين سابقا وذلك لاستخدامها في قياس او تقدير كمية العقار في نوعين من الاقراص ونوعين من الشراب المتوافرة بالاسواق كمستحضرات صيدلانيه من مناشيء مختلفة هي1 - شراب بروفينال الاماراتي2 - شراب اسيا بروفين السوري المنشا3 - اقراص شركة اجانتا الهندية4 - اقراص بروفين من شركة ابوت الامريكيه د - اطياف الاشعة تحت الحمراء IRللتاكد من تكوين المعقد بين ايون الكوبالت والعضيدة سجلت اطياف IR للمعقد IBU - Co(II) وكـــذلك اطياف IR الى العضيدة قبل التعقيد وتم اقتراح صيغة تركيبية للمعقد بعد ان اختفت قمت O - H لمجموعة الكاربوكسيل نتيجة لازاحة البروتون وارتباط الاوكسجين مباشرة مع الايون الفلزي وكذلك حصول ازاحة للاعداد الموجيه للقمم الاخرى العائدة الى العضيدة للسبب نفسه، وكذلك ظهور قمة ارتباط جديدة مابين الايون Co(II) وذرة الاوكسجين العائدة الى العضيدة وكذلك ظهور قمة عند 848 سم تدل على ارتباط جزيئات الماء داخل الكرة التناسقية.ثانيا : تقدير العقار IBUعلى هيئة IBU - Ni(II)تمت دراسة طريقة ثانية لتقدير العقار عن طريق تكوين معقد مخلبي بين العضيدة وايون النيكل ودرست الظروف المثلى لعملية التعقيد وباستخدام تقنيتي ا - المطيافية الجزيئية UV - Vis ب - تقنية الامتصاص الذري اللهبي ودرست الظروف المثلى لعملية التعقيد وقد وجد ان جميع الظروف المثلى لعملية التعقيد مطابقة للظروف المثلى لتكوين المعقد ( IBU - Co(II باستثناء زمن التفاعل 8 دقائق ونسبة الطورين العضوي الى المائي كانت (5 : 2) وافضل تركيز لايون النيكل كان 62.5) ) جزء بالمليون .كما ظهران الطول الموجي لاعظم امتصاص max λ للمعقد (IBU - Ni(II عند349 .ثالثا : النتائج الاحصائية باستخدام تقنية المطيافية الجزيئية 1 - مدى الخطية في منحني المعايرة تمت دراسة مدى الخطية وكانت المديات التي تطيع قانون بير بين (1 - 10)x10 - 2M بالنسبة للدواء في المعقد ( IBU - Co(II اما بالنسبة للمعقد (IBU - Ni(II فكانت (1 - 14)x10 - 2M .2 - حد الكشف LODكانت قيمة LOD بالنسبة للمعقد (IBU - Co(II 0.01025 M وبالنسبة للمعقد (IBU - Ni(II 0.013 M.3 - الاستردادية المئوية Rec% كانت النسبة المئوية للاستردادية في حالة المعقدIBU—Co(II) (96.8%) اما في حالة المعقد IBU—Ni(II) (97.821%). 4 - الخطا النسبي المئوي Er% كان الخطا النسبي المئوي في حالة المعقد IBU - Co(II) بحدود ( - 3.2%) اما في حالة المعقد IBU - Ni(II) بحدود (2.18% - ) .5 - الانحراف القياسي النسبي المئوي RSD% ان قيم الانحراف القياسي النسبي المئوي في حالة المعقد هي IBU - Co(II) (0.1802%) و(2.13%) في حالـــة المعـــقد IBU - Ni(II). رابعا : النتائج الاحصائية باستخدام تقنية FAAS 1 - مدى الخطية في منحني المعايرة (5x10 - 5 - 4.3 x10 - 4)مولاري في حالة المــــــــعقد (IBU - Co(II و(0.9x10 - 6—5.8x10 - 6 ) مولاري في حالة المعقد IBU - Ni(II) .2 - حد الكشف LODدرست الحدود الدنيا التي يمكن الكشف عنها باستخدام تقنية FAAS فكانت (0.184) مولاري في حالـــــــــة المعــــــقد ( IBU - Co(IIو0.124) ) مولاري في حالة المعقد IBU—Ni(II) 3 - الخطا النسبي المئوي Er% كان ( - 9.278%)في حالة المعقد IBU - Co(II) و((1.031% في حالة المـــــعقد IBU—Ni(II).. - 4الانحراف القياسي النسبي المئوي RSD% من قيم الانحراف القياسي النسبي المئوي لمنحني المعايرة 2.52%) )في حالة المــــــعقد IBU - Co(II) و( 2.18% )في حالة المعقد IBU - Ni(II) دلالـــة علــى مطاوعة قانــــون بيـر - لامبرت . | This thesis includes the development of new analytical methods in the estimation of the amount of the drug ibuprofen IBU (used as a medicine for non - sterodial as an anti - inflammatory and antipyretic and analgesic for pain and uses many other) in the aqueous solutions as well as in some pharmaceutical products in the form of tablets or syrup using (UV - Vis) Spectrophotometry and Indirect (FAAS),in addition to investigating complexes obtained throughout. The analytical data obtained throughout this study are summaried as follows : 1 - Determination of IBU as IBU - Co(II) Complex using ultraviolet UV - Vis SpectrophotometryThe optimal experimental conditions for the chelate formation : The( pH =8.5) ,concentration of Co(II) (71.4µg/ml) , reaction time (13 minutes) , temperature (30 Cº), aqueous — to - organic phases (2 : 3), Extraction time of complex (2 minutes), three extraction process was almost enough, the mixture of ( benzene and cyclohexane) , proved to be the best solvent fore extraction of the complex IBU - Co(II) without interference, (λ=603 nm) , metal - to - ligand (1 : 1).Analytical figures of merit for the determination of IBU using the developed procedure : Linear dynamic range [(1 - 10)x10 - 3M], LOD (0.0102 M), Sandell Sensitivity index (0.1008 µg /cm2), Erel.%( - 3.2), Recovery%(96.8%) , RSD% (0.1802%). 2 - Determination of IBU as IBU - Co(II) Complex using indirect FAAS.We used the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry as a second technique . The study of the optimum conditions for the complexes prepared between Co(II) and Ibuprofen found it identical with the optimum conditions of the UV - Vis . Analytical figures of merit for the determination of IBU using the developed procedure : Linear dynamic range [(5x10 - 5 - 4.3x10 - 4M], LOD (0.184 M), Erel.%( - 9.278), RSD% (2.52%).The IR absorption spectra showed new peaks (ύs IBU - Co(II).) confirming the formation of the complex IBU - Co(II).3 - Determination of IBU as IBU - Ni(II) Complex using ultraviolet UV - VisThe optimal experimental conditions for the chelate formation : The( pH =8.5) ,concentration of Ni(II) (62.5µg/ml) , reaction time (8 minutes) , temperature (30 Cº), aqueous — to - organic phases (5 : 2), Extraction time of complex (2 minutes), three extraction process was almost enough, the mixture of ( benzene and cyclohexane) , proved to be the best solvent fore extraction of the complex IBU - Ni(II) without interference, (λ=349 nm) , metal - to - ligand (1 : 1).Analytical figures of merits for determination of IBU using the developed procedure : Linear dynamic range [(1 - 14)x10 - 2M], LOD (0.013 M), Sandell Sensitivity index (0.2135 µg /cm2), Erel.%( - 2.18) , Recovery%(97.821%) , RSD% (2.13%). 4 - Determination of IBU as IBU - Ni(II) Complex using indirect FAAS. We used the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry as a second technique . The study of the optimum conditions for the complexes prepared between Ni(II) and Ibuprofen found it identical with the optimum conditions of the UV - Vis . Analytical figures of merit for the determination of IBU using the developed procedure : Linear dynamic range [(0.9x10 - 6 - 5.8x10 - 6M], LOD (0.124 M), Erel.%(1.03%), RSD% (2.18%). The IR absorption spectra showed new peaks (ύs IBU - Co(II).) confirming the formation of the complex IBU - Co(II).

استخلاص وتقدير عقار الايزوبروباميد في المركبات الصيدلانية باستخدام الكوبلت الثنائي والنحاس الثنائي Extraction and Estimation of Isopropamide Drug in pharmaceutical compound using cobalt Co (II) and copper Cu (II)

اسم المؤلف: نــــداء ابراهـــيم مهــــدي
اسم المشرف: هادي حسن جاسم الشمري
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتضمن الدراسه في هذا البحث استحداث طرائق تحليليه جديدة في تقدير المركب الدوائي Isopropamide - Iodide ( المستخدم في علاج امراض الجهاز الهضمي التي تشمل التهاب وقرحة المعدة والامعاء وكذلك تشنج القولون العصبي) في بعض المستحضرات الصيدلانية بطريقة الامتصاص الطيفي الجزيئي وباستخدام تقنية الاشعة المرئية - فوق البنفسجية .UV - Vis)). في هذا البحث حضرت لاول مره معقدات مابين العقار وعنصري التعقيد الكوبلت (II) Co , والنحاس الثنائي (II) Cu . ويمكن تلخيص النتائج التي تم التوصل اليها في هذا البحث بما يلي : اولا : تقدير العقار على هيئة معقد ] (II) Isop - Co [ باستخدام مطيافية UV - Visible .في هذه الطريقه تم تقدير العقار بتكوين المعقد ](II)Isop - Co [ بعد دراسة الظروف العمليه الفضلى التاليه : الداله الحامضيه pH= 8.5 وتركيز ايون الكوبلت الثنائي Co(II) كان بحدود(80 ppm)وزمن التفاعل كان (20 min) , ودرجة الحراره 60 ℃) ) التي كانت امثل درجة حراره لاتمام عملية التعقيد اما نسبة الطور المائي الى الطور العضوي فكانت (3 : 5) حيث وجد بان الحجم 3mlهو امثل حجم للطور العضوي (السايكلوهكسان) لاتمام عملية الاستخلاص للمعقد . وقد تم اختيار السايكلوهكسان افضل مذيب عضوي من بين مجموعه من المذيبات العضويه مثل (الكلوروفورم , الايثانول, الميثانول, كحول البنزيل , خلات الاثيل , البنزين , رابع كلوريد الكاربون , والايثر) كونه مذيب جيد للمعقد الناتج ., وغير جيد لكل من العقار والايون الفلزي. اما افضل زمن للاستخلاص الامثل فهو ( 2 min ) , اما عملية الاستخلاص لمره واحده كانت كافيه جدا لاستخلاص المعقد وقد تم تقدير المعقد طيفيا عند الطول الموجي 353) = maxλ ) , وقد وجد ان نسبة الاتحاد الموليه بين الايون الفلزي والعقار هي (1 : 2).اما مديات التركيز في تعيين العقار فكانت مابين100) - (20 اما قيمة حد الكشف فكانت g.ml - 1 μ (0.938 ) DL وكانت حساسية ساندل بحدودcm - 2 g.μ 4.11x10 - 2) ) وتم حساب الخطا النسبي المئوي فكان بحدود (0.21% ) والاسترداديه كانت (99.79% ) ., اما الانحراف القياسي النسبي المئوي فكان بحدود (RSD%= 2.14% ) . ثانيا : تقدير العقار على هيئة معقد ] (II) Isop - Cu [ باستخدام مطيافية UV - Visible بعد دراسة الظروف العمليه الفضلى تم تقدير العقار بتكوين المعقد] (II) Isop - Cu [, وكانت تلك الظروف كالاتي : الداله الحامضيه , pH= 5.6 وتركيز ايون النحاس الثنائي Cu(II) كان بحدود (60ppm), وزمن التفاعل كان (20 min) , ودرجة الحراره 60 ℃) ) التي كانت امثل درجة حراره لاتمام عملية التعقيد, اما نسبة الطور المائي الى الطور العضوي فكانت (2 : 5) حيث وجد بان الحجم 2ml هو افضل حجم للطور العضوي (السايكلوهكسان) لاتمام عملية الاستخلاص للمعقد . وقد تم اختيار السايكلوهكسان افضل مذيب عضوي من بين مجموعه من المذيبات العضويه مثل (الكلوروفورم , الايثانول, الميثانول, كحول البنزيل , خلات الاثيل , البنزين , رابع كلوريد الكاربون , والايثر) كونه مذيب جيد للمعقد الناتج ., وغير جيد لكل من العقار والايون الفلزي. اما افضل زمن للاستخلاص الامثل فهو ( 3 min ) , وعملية الاستخلاص لمره واحده كانت كافيه جدا لاستخلاص المعقد وقد تم تقدير المعقد طيفيا عند الطول الموجي ( 355= maxλ ) , كانت نسبة الاتحاد الموليه بين الايون الفلزي والعقار فكانت (1 : 2).اما مديات التركيز في تعيين العقار فكانت مابين 20 - 100 )ppm) , وحد الكشف كان (0.998 μg.ml - 1 ) D.L , وحساسية ساندل كانت بحدود cm - 2 g.μ 3.34)) .اما حساب الخطا النسبي المئوي فكان بحدود ( 0.25%) والاسترداديه كانت (99.79% ) اما الانحراف القياسي النسبي المئوي فكان (RSD% =0. 250% ) . | Research includes the development of new methods to estimate the compound Isopropamide - Iodide in drug used in the treatment of diseases of the digestive system, which includes (inflammation and ulcers of the stomach and intestines, as well as irritable bowel spasm) in some way pharmaceuticals and molecular absorption using the technique of Visible - ultraviolet. In this thesis prepared the first time coplexes between the [Isop - Co (II)] , [Isop - Cu (II)] , which did not attend these complexels by After reviewing all the literature published in scientific journal. 1. Determination of Isop. as [Isop - Co (II)] complex using UV - Vis. The optimal experimental condition for the complex formation : The (PH=5.6) concentration of Co (II) 80 ppm , reaction time is ( 20 min.) Temperature (70℃ ) , aqueous - to - organic phases (3 : 5) , extraction time of complex ( 2 min ) one extraction process was almost enough, the cyclohexan proved to be the best solvent for extractiog of the complex Ipso . - Co(II) without interference (ℷ = 353nm ) , metal - to - ligand (1 : 2 ), Analytical figres of merit for determination of Isop. using the developed procedure : linear dynamic range ( 20 - 100 ppm ) D.L ( 0.938 μg.ml - 1 ) ,Sandell sensitivity index ( 4.11 x10 - 2 μg.cm - 1 ) , Erel % (0.21% ) , RSD% ( 2.14 % ) , Recovery % ( 99.79 % ) 2. Determination of Isop. as [Isop - Cu (II)] complex using UV - Vis. The optimal experimental condition for the complex formation : The (PH=8.5), concentration of Co (II) ( 60 ppm ) , reaction time is ( 20 min.) Temperature ( 60 ℃ ) , aqueous - to - organic phases (5 : 2 ) , extraction time of complex ( 3 min ) one extraction process was almost enough, the cyclohexan proved to be the best solvent for extractiog of the complex [ Ipso . - Co(II) ] without interference ( ℷ =355nm ) , metal - to - ligand (1 : 2 ), Analytical figres of merit for determination of Isop. using the developed procedure : linear dynamic range ( 20 - 100 ppm ) D.L (0.93842 μg.ml - 1 ) , Sandell sensitivity index (3.34 x10 - 2 μg.cm - 1 ) , Erel % ( 0.25 % ) , RSD% ( 2. 077% ) , Recovery % ( 99.75 % ) .
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