Author name:
زينب حمزة عباس المالكي
Supervisor name:
جاسم ياسيـن محمد الدرويش
Abstract:
The fighting in the way of Allah Almighty of important topics that deserve study, legitimized by God Almighty after the migration of the Holy Prophet peace be upon him and his family to the city of Medina, was one of the priorities of this legislation is self - defense. After that this legislation shifted to other stages, fit with what achieves the goals of the Islamic nation, and to uphold the right word. There is no doubt that the Islamic conquests waged by Muslims all over the world, carries with it a lot of lessons, lessons, that line had Muslim leaders, in order to uphold the word of truth, and the spread of Islam.It is worth mentioning that the previous studies and researches, competent on militant Islam, starting with the life of the Prophet, peace be upon him and his family, and until the end of the Abbasid state at the hands of the Mongols in 656 AH / 1258 AD, are studies worth the owners respect and appreciation for their tireless efforts in this topic. However, these studies focused on the leaders of the Conquest, said their heroism and their conquests, without reference to geographical factors, which had a key role in these victories, one of the incentives that led us to study the subject, no one can deny the impact of these factors in the battles of war, may interfere with the terrain, the change Mejrayat battles, it is known that the land battles require, for example, the development of military plans to attack, and the selection of appropriate places for stationed, dig trenches to repel the attacks, these demands for Ataathakq, unless it has military commander, fully aware of the comprehensive, knowledge of terrain battlefield. The climate in the second division after the terrain, in terms of size and strength of its impact on military operations, both of them, and the weather prevailing while doing 0 to military operations may affect the movement of the soldiers, and the weapons and equipment, so commanders calculated account the climatic conditions expected. As for water, they are military significance paramount, the country was considered marine or island safe from invasion, also it adds seas for countries in the additional power through the ability to move and move and provide additional ways to provide logistics, and through seas may armies access to remote locations its territory, as well as the rivers, wells, springs and other water sources, to the indispensable because they are the backbone of life, and can not walk without the armies of the availability of water for Soldiers and their horses, which is given by commanders when in account the movements. Hence the choice of subject was entitled (the impact of geographical factors in the Islamic conquests in Morocco and Al - Andalus), and the focus was on the Maghreb and al - Andalus, because of her great variation in geography for both the region environment, obviously, and its impact on the conduct of military operations there is. Notably, we have tried to write a research, keep track of the analytical method, which is not limited to historical facts and events listed, but standing on the reasons and causes of these events, analyze, and draw its results, and its impact, according to what suits title search.Article Search divided into four chapters have been required, the first chapter : it was entitled (historical geography of the Maghreb and Al - Andalus), and a section of this chapter into two sections : Section I (historical geography of the country of Morocco), and the second section (the historical geography of Andalusia), where ensure Alambgesan, label, and the location and boundaries, terrain, rivers, climate, and elements of the population, for both countries. The second chapter, and it was entitled (the impact of the terrain in the open country of Morocco and Al - Andalus), which included the extent of the impact of the shapes terrain in the opening battles, and consisted of this chapter seven sections are (mountains, plains, valleys, and deserts, and plateaus, rocks, vegetation).The third chapter, titled (the impact of climate in the open country of Morocco and Al - Andalus), which included the extent of the impact of climatic elements in the conquest battles, and contains five sections are (temperatures, rain, wind, and time, and drought) Finally, the fourth chapter, entitled (the impact of water in the open country of Morocco and Al - Andalus), which includes a statement of the impact of water types in the opening battles, and contained this chapter on the three sections are (seas, and springs and wells, rivers).Add to that the special maps supplements, which describes the progress of the Islamic armies in the conquest operations.
