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التحقق من التناص في بعض مقتطفات مختارة لرواية "رحلة الحاج" للروائي جون بنيان == Investigating Intertextuality in Some Selected Extracts from "The Pilgrim's Progress" by John Bunyan

Author name: اشراق فيصل حسين الحسيني
Supervisor name: منال جاسم محمد
General topic: Foreign Languages
Specific topic: English - Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: التناص يفترض مفهوم النص الذي هو نسيج من الاقتباس بدون علامات اقتباس، بدون مؤلف قبل الايجاد يمارس الوكالة في بناء هذا النص. التناص هو عملية مزج واندماج وتقاطع "غير شخصية" او "غير معرفة" للنصوص . انه "النص" الذي يدمج ويتقاطع وليس الناس . النص يحل محل "هو" او "هي" للمؤلف . يضع طلاب العلم النص ضمن سياق تاريخي وضمن المجتمع والتي تتم رؤيتها من قبل الكاتب الذي بدورة يعيد صياغتها وكتابتها.تبحث الدراسة الحالية عن التناص الموجود بين حكاية بنيان "رحلة الحاج" من خلال تسليط الضوء على النصوص التي يتم تناصها مابين "رحلة الحاج" والكتاب المقدس ( العهد القديم والعهد الجديد) . ان البحث يتم اساسا من خلال التنقيب عن الكلمات والعبارات والجمل التي يتم تناصها وذلك باتباع نموذج نورمان فيركلف . ان عملية التناص تم نقلها اولا : من خلال التناص الصريح ( الواضح) والذي يتضمن تمثيل الخطاب, فوقية الخطاب, السخرية, الافتراض, والنفي. وثانيا : التناص الضمني والذي يتضمن الخطاب, النوع الادبي للخطاب, الاسلوب.يطبق المؤلف بنيان نظرية التناص في "رحلة الحاج" باستعمال نصوص تتعامل مع العلاقة السطحية للنصوص والتي تتمثل بالاقتباس المباشر والاقتباس غير المباشر وعبر الكلام المنقول.احدى اهتمامات الكاتب هو توضيح التاثيرات الاجتماعية لهذه النصوص ولالفات الجمهور الى الهدف المنشود.تدرس الاطروحة حالة التعامل مع التضرر الاجتماعي. فان هذه المتقتطعات تظهر ضمن ابعادها تقديم وتحليل النصوص وايضاح الاثر الاجتماعي لها.اما التناص الضمني فانة يظهر للقارى ظاهرة تعدد الاصوات التي من خلالها يوضح الكاتب الظروف السيئة للمجتمع انذاك.ومن الاستنتاجات المهمة لهذه الدراسة والتي تبين قدرة الكاتب في استخدام الاقتباس المباشر وغير المباشر والكلام المنقول التي يتم بين شخصيات الحكاية لااظهار غاية المؤلف واهدافة. ان عملية التناص تجري بطريق حوارية بين شخصيات الحكاية بطريقة مباشرة او غير مباشرة والتي من خلالها يتم الاشارة الى القيم والاخلاقيات التي كانت سائدة انذاك وذلك يتم بالاشارة الى نصوص دينية من الكتاب المقدس خلال هذه الحكاية. | Intertextuality posits the notion of a text which is a tissue of quotation without quotation marks, without a preexistent author exercising agency in the construction of that text. It is an anonymous’ and impersonal’ process of blending, clashing, and intersecting. Texts that blend and clash’, not people. Supplanting the he’ or she’ of a preceding author, the it’ of a text’ engages in intertextual play. Scholars situate the text within history and society which are seen as texts read by the writer, and into which he inserts himself by rewriting them.The present study investigates the intertextuality in John Bunyan's allegory through highlighting the major representation involved between the allegory of Bunyan The Pilgrim's Progress’ and the Holy Bible (The Old and New Testaments). It seeks mainly to investigate words, phrases, and sentences extracted from these two texts which serve as intertexts. Following Norman Fairclough’s (1992) theory as an adopted paradigm of investigation, these intertexts are conveyed through the dimensions of, firstly, manifest intertextuality; i.e. discourse representation, meta - discourse, presupposition, irony, and negation; and, secondly, constitutive intertextuality; i.e. discourse, genre, and style.Hypothetically speaking, Bunyan applies the theory of intertextuality in his allegorical work by using explicit intertexts that deals with the surface relations of texts which are represented as direct quotation and indirect quotation and reported speech. One of Bunyan’s inspiring interests is to manifest the social effects of these intertexts and evoke the people’s attention to his aims; hence the researcher’s adoption of Faircloughian theory of intertextuality, as a parallel theory to those of M. Bakhtin, J. Kristeva, J. Derrida, etc., is appropriate and adequate for scrutinizing this phenomenon.Just as most case studies, the case study this thesis adopts also takes to a great extent into consideration treating the damaged social facet of society. In each of the dimensions the extracts in addition to being presented and analyzed they have their social effects shown; that is especially in case of manifest intertextuality. In constitutive intertextuality, however, one can notice that the variant voices that exist in the allegory refer to the author’s aim to the need for converting the backward conditions of society.Some significant findings of this study show that the author uses the direct quotation and reported speech among his characters in the allegory to expose his ideas. He uses the intertexts through the dialogue that goes on among his characters either directly or indirectly. He refers to the values and morals at that time, where he proves genius in employing the religious references through his allegory.

مفهوم العنف في الشعر الانكليزي الحديث : دراسة في قصائد مختارة لول فريد اون, ديلين توماس وتيد هيوز == THE CONCEPT OF VIOLENCE IN MODERN ENGLISH POETRY : A STUDY OF SELECTED POEMS BY WILFRED OWEN, DYLAN THOMAS, AND TED HUGHES

Author name: اسماء فؤاد احمد
Supervisor name: سعد نجم عبد عباس الخفاجي
General topic: Foreign Languages
Specific topic: English - Literature
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of English Language
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعد فقدان التواصل الديني صفة غالبة في العصر الحديث , وهو يترك اثار سلبية - لا يمكن انكارها - في الشعوب والمجتمعات وتتمثل تلك الاثار بالمعاناة, والقلق , والضغينة , والفوضى , والتخبط الاخلاقي, وضياع القيم الانسانية, واخيرا العنف . والعنف هو احد المفاهيم السائدة في الشعر الانكليزي الحديث, وقد ضمنه الشعراء الحديثين في اشعارهم من جوانب مختلفة ولاغراض شتى, وظهر العنف موضوعا, ولغة في تلك الاشعار بشكل جلي وواضح.وهذه الرسالة هي محاولة لدراسة مفهوم العنف كموضوع واسلوب في شعر ثلاثة شعراء حديثين بارزين وهم : ولفريد اون (1893 - 1914) , ديلن توماس (1914 - 1953) وتيد هيوز (1930 - 1998) .وتتضمن الرسالة اربعة فصول هي : الفصل الاول الذي يعد مقدمة لهذه الدراسة,وقسم على مبحثين : يتناول اولهما الطبيعة الثورية لحقبة العصر الفيكتوري المتاخر, والازمات الناتجة عنه,واوضحها ازمة الايمان التي وصلت ذروتها في العصر الحديث, وبهذا اصبحت ارضا خصبة للعنف والوحشية. يسلط اخرهما الضوء على شعر تلك الحقبة لاسيما شعر اثنين من الشعراء البارزين هما : توماس هاردي (1840 - 1928) وجيرالد مانلي هوبكنز (1844 - 1889),اللذين اتصف شعرهما بالثورية,وظهرت فيهما ملامح العنف, وتجسدت فيهما قوة الاسلوب والموضوع,وقد عزز شعرهما شعراء العصر الحديث,الذين ظهرالعنف في اشعارهم ملامح التجديد في الشكل والمضمون .اما الفصل الثاني فيتضمن دراسة العنف موضوعرائيسيا في شعر الحرب عند ولفريد اون .و يقسم على مباحث ثلاثة, يتناول اولها موضوع العنف اثناء الحرب العالمية الاولى, ومدى ظهوره فيتلك الحقبة التي كان اون جزء منها . اما المبحث الثاني فيتضمن سيرة الشاعر ,في حين يقتفي المبحث الثالث اثر موضوع العنف في قصائد حرب مختارة للشاعر ,و يقسم هذا المبحث الى جزاين, يتناول اولهما الاثار الجسدية السلبية التي سببها العنف اثناء الحرب العالمية الاولى, ويدرس اخرهما الاثار النفسية التي خلفها ذلك العنف .و يعنى الفصل الثالث بمفهوم العنف في شعر ديلن توماس الذي ظهر في لغته الشعرية العنيفة,و يتضمن مبحثين ,يسلط اولهما الضوء على حياة الشاعر, واعماله المهمة , في حين يدرس اخرهما العنف اللغوي في قصائد مختارة من شعر الشاعر.وقد بينيه العلاقة المباشرة بين العنف اللغوي, ورغبة الشاعر باستثارة رد فعل عنيف ضد ماسي الوجود لغايات الوجود ( وصول, ونهايات).ويناقش الفصل الرابع مفهوم العنف في شعر تيد هيوز,ويقسم على مبحثين ,يعرض اولهما سيرة الشاعر هيوز بشكل مختصر, ويهدف الى تقويم المسارات الرئيسية في حياة الشاعر والتي ادت الى نتاجه الشعري العنيف. اما المبحث الثاني فيحلل مفهوم العنف في قصائد مختارة للشاعر , ويقسم الى جزاين : اولهما يتناول وجهة نظر هيوز الايجابية حيال العنف,التي ظهرت في قصائده التي كان موضوعها الطبيعة.و يوضح في الجزء الثاني من هذا المبحث وجهة نظر الشاعر السلبية حيال العنف التي ظهرت جلية في اغلب قصائد الحرب وبعض قصائد الطبيعة التي تتناول قضية انتهاك الانسان لعالم الطبيعة .تحاول الخاتمة ان تلخص اهم النتائج التي توصلت اليها هذه الدراسة. | The loss of touch with religion, typical of the modern age, leaves undeniable negative results on people and societies. These results range from suffering, anxiety, hatred, disorder, moral mess, loss of human values and above all violence. Such violence is one of the pre - dominant concepts in modern English poetry. Though from different perspectives, and for different purposes, modern poets incorporate such concept, both as a theme and language into their writings. The present study is an attempt to investigate this concept both as a theme and style in the poetry of three outstanding modern poets, namely : Wilfred Owen (1893 - 1918), Dylan Thomas (1914 - 1953) and Ted Hughes (1930 - 1998). The study falls into four chapters and a conclusion followed by a bibliography. Chapter one, the introduction to this study, is divided into two sections : section one deals with the revolutionary nature of the late Victorian period, and its ensuing crises, the most obvious of which is the crisis of faith, which culminates in the modern age and made of it a fertile soil for violence and brutality. Section two sheds light on the poetry of the period naming two prominent poets of the period : Thomas Hardy (1840 - 1928) and Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844 - 1889) whose revolutionary poetry, and more particularly its stylistic and thematic violence and intensity will be carried forward by the modern poets, and it will show signs of regeneration and diversity both in form and content. Chapter two deals with violence as a main theme in Wilfred Owen’s war poetry. It is divided into three main sections. Section one deals with the violence of the First World War, and how far that was reflected in the war poetry of the period, of which Owen was a part. Section two is a brief biographical sketch of Wilfred Owen’s life. Section three traces the theme of violence in the poet’s selected war poems. This section is subdivided into two sections. The first deals with the physical violation caused by the violence of the First World War, whereas the second examines the psychological violation caused by that violence. Chapter three is centered on the concept of violence in the poetry of Dylan Thomas as exemplified in his violent poetic language. The chapter is split into two sections. Section one sheds light on the poet’s life and his major works. Section two examines the linguistic violence in Thomas’s selected poems, and it, further, dwells upon the direct link of this linguistic violence and the poet’s desire to evoke a violent reaction against cosmic agonies of the ultimates, origins and ends, of existence. Chapter four discusses the concept of violence in Ted Hughes’s poetry. It has two main sections. Section one is a brief biography of Hughes. The aim of which is to introduce the main currents in the poet’s life that lead to his violent poetic output. Section two analyses the concept of violence in Hughes’s selected poems and is divided into two sub - sections. The first deals with Hughes’s positive view toward violence as shown in the majority of his nature poems. The second sub - section aims at clarifying the poet’s negative view of violence as shown in the majority of his war poems and some of his nature poems that deal with the victimization of the natural world at Man’s hand. The conclusion states the main findings of the study

دراسة لغوية لــلـقطع فــي الـمسرحية والـرواية == A Linguistic Study of Ellipsis in Drama and Novel

Author name: احمد علي محمد
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم فاضل جميل
General topic: Foreign Languages
Specific topic: English - Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of English Language
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: التنوع في مقدار استخدام القطع هو احد الجوانب المهمة في اللغة. القطع هو استراتيجية لغوية بارزة والتي تساهم بشكل كبير في عملية خلق التماسك, يستخدم القطع لتجنب التكرار ولتحقيق اسلوب متماسك في كل من شكلي اللغة سواء كان تحدثا او كتابة فاستخدامه شرعي ومرخص كاختزال يفهم من قبل القراء والمستمعين. القطع هو اداة تعمل على حياكة النص والتي عادة ما تشير الى حذف متعمد لكلمة او عبارة او فقرة من النص قد اشير اليها مسبقا وبالتالي ليس من الضروري ان تذكر مرة اخرى. هناك اختلافات حقيقية في مقدار استخدام القطع والتي يجب ان تؤخذ في نظر الاعتبار كمشكلة قابلة للنقاش وبالتالي فمن الضروري هنا ايجاد تبرير منطقي لماذا يستخدم القطع كثيرا في نوع معين من النصوص؟ وما هي العناصر الفعالة التي تقود الكاتب لمثل هذا الاستخدام؟ان الفرضية المطروحة في هذه الدراسة هي ان استخدام القطع يؤدي دورا مهما في النص المسرحي الذي يختلف دوره في النص الروائي على الرغم من ان كليهما ينتميان الى الحقل الادبي نجد ان كاتب المسرحية يستخدم القطع في كتاباته اكثر من كاتب الرواية ومنها اسلوب واهداف النص المؤثران على مقدار استخدام الظاهرة اللغوية اي القطع. بالاضافة الى ذلك هنالك افتراض بان احد انواع القطع والذي هو clausal ellipsis على وجه الخصوص له امكانيات تعبيرية في النصوص المسرحية والروائية على حد سواء لان هذا النوع من القطع هو اكثر شيوعا في الاستخدام من غيره في النصوص المكتوبة.ان الدراسة الحالية تسلط الضوء على استخدام القطع في النصوص الادبـية كتـحليل مقارن بـين المسرحية والروايـة وفي هذا الصدد ولتحـقيق هذه الفرضيات فان النصوص الماخوذة للتـحقق هي مسرحية ارثــر ميــلر (Death of a Salesman) وروايـــة ارنــست همنغواي (The Old Man and the Sea) وان المـعيار المعــتمد للتحــليل هـــــو Halliday and Hasan's model (1976) وفقا لذلك تحاول هذه الدراسة ان تسد الثغرات من خلال توفير اجابات لبعض الاسئلة المنطقية التالية : - ما هي العناصر الموثرة التي دعت ميلر لاستخدام القطع اكثر من همنغواي؟ ما انواع القطع التي استخدمها ميلر وهمنغواي وما هو الفرق بينهما؟ لماذا مقدار استخدام القطع مختلف بين المسرحية والرواية؟وبالمحصلة ان هذه الدراسة تقدم بعض الاستنتاجات العامة وهي ان القطع وحالاته هو سمة نموذجية في النصوص المسرحية والتي هو نموذج للحوار على منصة المسرح لكن بشكل عام هذا النمط من القطع هو ليس نموذجي في النص الروائي فان الحالات التي وجدت هي قليلة جدا لذا يعتبر القطع من التقنيات المسرحية التي تستخدم لتسريع الاحداث. طبقا لنمط السؤال والجواب المتكرر في المحادثة ونظرا لوجود منصة المسرح والتي تقام عليها احداث المسرحية فهنالك توقع بان القطع يلعب دورا مهما في النص المسرحي. ومن ناحية اخرى فان اهمية clausal Ellipsis لتماسك النص هو دليل واضح لهذا النوع الذي يعمل على ربط علاقات متماسكة ليس فقط عبر حدود العبارة او الجملة ولكن عبر فقرات النص ايضا. وقد انتهت هذه الدراسة بعدد من التوصيات والمقترحات لدراسات جديدة. | One of the important aspects of a language is that the variety in amount of the use of ellipsis. Ellipsis is most remarkable linguistic phenomenon which greatly participates in the process of creating cohesion. In both forms of language : spoken and written, ellipsis is a device used to avoid redundancy and achieve cohesive style. Its use is legitimate and licensed as long as the shorthand is understood by readers/listeners, and it works in knitting a text; it usually refers to an intentional omission of a word, phrase or clause from a text, which has already been referred to earlier and thus not necessary to be mentioned any more. There are real differences in amount of utilizing ellipsis which must be taken in consideration as an arguable problem. Thus, it is important to rationalize why ellipsis is more frequently used in certain sort of text and what are the effective elements that guide writer to such use. It is hypothesized, in the present study, that the use of ellipsis plays a vital role in dramatic text which is different from narrative one. Although both of the texts belong to the same literary field, playwrights use ellipsis more than novelists in their writings. It is also hypothesized that the style and purposes of text affect the amount of the use of certain linguistic phenomenon i.e. ellipsis. In addition, it is hypothesized that clausal ellipsis, in particular, has an expressive potentiality in both dramatic and narrative texts because this type of ellipsis is more frequently used than other types in written and spoken language.The present study sheds light on the use of ellipsis in literary texts as comparative analysis between drama and novel. In this respect, to verify these hypotheses above, Arthur Millers play (Death of a Salesman) and Ernest Hemingway's novel (The Old Man and the Sea) more specifically, have been taken under the investigation to be data of the study. The adopted model of analysis in the present study is Halliday and Hasan's model (1976). Accordingly, the present study attempts to fill the gaps by providing answers to some logical questions, such as, what effective elements guide Miller to use ellipsis more than Hemingway, what sorts of ellipsis do Miller and Hemingway use, and what is the distinction between them?To conclude, the study presents some general conclusions, such as ellipsis is a typical feature of a Dramatic text because it is primarily found many in drama which is typical for its dialogue on the stage pattern. As this pattern is not typical for a Narrative text in general, the occurrence of ellipsis is found to be much lower. Ellipsis is considered to be a dramatic technique used for speeding up action. Due to the frequent question - answer pattern in the conversation and due to the existing of stage in which the action took place, there is expectation of ellipsis to play important role within dramatic text. Moreover, the importance of clausal ellipsis to the cohesiveness of the text is also evident in the fact that it forms cohesive ties not only across clause and sentence boundaries, but also across paragraphs. A number of pedagogical recommendations and suggestions for further studies are put forward

دراسة تداولية للطلبة العراقيين دارسي اللغة الانكليزية - لغة اجنبية - في تمييز وانتاج الفعل الكلامي - الاقناع == A Pragmatic Study of Iraqi EFL Learners in Recognizing and Producing the Speech Act of Persuasion

Author name: ابراهيم عثمان محمد
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم فاضل جميل
General topic: Foreign Languages
Specific topic: English - Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of English Language
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الاقناع من الافعال الكلامية التي تبين المنهج الامثل للتواصل والحوار في المجتمعات وتاثيره في انشاء العلاقات الاجتماعية وتحقيق اهداف في التعاملات اليومية محليا ودوليا" بالمشاركة في قبول ورفض اراء الاخرين.ان انعدام او ضعف القدرة في انتاج وتمييز افعال الكلام باختيار المعنى او الوسائل والاستراتيجيات اللغوية الخاطئة وغير الملائمة للفعل الكلامي لها مسبباتها وعواملها,وبالتالي فان الكلام المنتج يكون مبهما" وغير مفهوم.تشتمل هذه الدراسة على التقصي والتحليل لظاهرة الاخفاق والضعف لدى الطلبة العراقيين دارسي اللغة الانكليزية - لغة اجنبية في انتاج وتمييز الفعل الكلامي/ الاقناع وبيان اسبابها.يفترض البحث الحالي بان قدرة الطلاب في تمييز الفعل الكلامي/الاقناع اكبر من قدرتهم في انتاجها.ان افتقار وضعف اداء الطلبة لانتاج الفعل الكلامي/الاقناع يرجع الى قلة وضعف المعرفة بالعوامل التداولية ومعايير المجتمع الثقافية والاجتماعية نتيجة لتاثير ثقافة اللغة الاولى,ولتحقيق اهداف البحث تم اختبار 50 طالبا من المرحلة الرابعة قسم اللغة الانكليزية في كلية التربية /ابن رشد للعلوم الانسانية جامعة بغداد.الاختبار احتوى على فقرات تستلزم بعض افعال الكلام التي يجب ان تدرك وتنتج بصورة مناسبة.تم استخدام الوسائل الاحصائية لتحليل النتائج والتي اظهرت اخفاق الطلبة في انتاج الفعل الكلامي /الاقناع بصورة اكبر من تمييزه.برهنت النتائج فرضية تاثر متعلمي اللغة الانكليزية - لغة اجنبية - من العراقيين بلغتهم الام وحضارتهم لضعف معرفتهم بالتداول والمعايير الحضارية للغة الهدف.نظمت الدراسة في خمسة فصول : الفصل الاول قدم فيه المشكلة,الاهداف,الفرضيات , السياقات.الفصل الثاني تم عرض مسحا نظريا لمفاهيم نظرية الاقناع,الفصل الثالث تعامل مع السياقات والخطوات التي اتبعت في انشاء الاختبار المطلوب لتحقيق اهداف الدراسة.الفصل الرابع تكون من جمع المعلومات والنتائج ,بينما الفصل الخامس قدم الخلاصة مع التوصيات والاقتراحات لبحوث مستقبلية | Persuasion is a speech act which shows the optimal method of communication in different societies because of its influence in creating the social relations or achieving the objectives of everyday transactions locally and universally, by participating in the acceptance or rejection of others' views. The lack of / poor ability in recognizing and producing speech acts, by selecting wrong linguistic meaning, means, or strategies, has many factors and causes and therefore, the speech production will be vague and incomprehensible. This study investigates and analyzes the phenomenon of failure and weakness among Iraqi EFL learners in producing and recognizing the speech act of persuasion and pointing out the reasons that lie behind it. The current research assumes that students have the ability to distinguish and recognize the speech act of persuasion better than their ability to produce them. Lack of / poor performance of the students is due to the lack and poor of knowledge of pragmatic factors and social educational criteria of communities as a result of the effectiveness of L1 culture. To achieve the objectives of the research, 50 students from fourth stage of the English department / College of Education - Ibn Rush for Human Sciences / University of Baghdad have been selected to do the test. Statistical methods were used to analyze the results which showed students failure in producing the speech act of persuasion is greater than their failure in recognizing it. Results demonstrated that the students were influenced by their native language and their poor and weak knowledge of the target language. The study is organized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the problem , aims, hypotheses, limits, procedures and value. The second chapter offers the theoretical survey of concepts of the theory of persuasion. Chapter three tackles with the procedures and steps followed for building up the test required for achieving the aims of the study. Chapter four is dedicated to the data collection and the results, while the fifth chapter presents the conclusions with certain relevant recommendations and suggestions for further research

اثر استراتيجيتي العصف الكتابي والجدول الذاتي في تحصيل مادة التاريخ وتنمية التفكير الابداعي عند طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي == The Effect of Brain - Writing and Self - schedule On Assimilating The Subject of History And Developing Creative Thinking In The Fifth - Stage Students / literary Branch

Author name: مجيد حميد ابراهيم الحديدي
Supervisor name: بشرى حسن مذكور | داود سلمان الزبيدي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يرمي هذا البحث الى التعرف على (اثر استراتيجيتي العصف الكتابي والجدول الذاتي في تحصيل مادة التاريخ وتنمية التفكير الابداعي عند طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي). وللتثبت من هدف البحث وضع الباحث الفرضيات الصفرية الاتية : 1 - لايوجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعات الثلاث التجريبية الاولى والتي تدرس مادة التاريخ باستراتيجية(العصف الكتابي),والتجريبية الثانية والتي تدرس مادة التاريخ باستراتيجية(الجدول الذاتي),والمجموعة الضابطة التي تدرس المادة نفسها على وفق الطريقة التقليدية في الاختبار التحصيلي . 2 - لايوجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعات الثلاث التجريبية الاولى والتي تدرس مادة التاريخ باستراتيجية(العصف الكتابي),والتجريبية الثانية والتي تدرس مادة التاريخ باستراتيجية(الجدول الذاتي),والمجموعة الضابطة التي تدرس المادة نفسها على وفق الطريقة التقليدية في اختبار تنمية التفكير الابداعي . ولتحقيق هدف البحث وفرضياته, اتبع الباحث تصميما تجريبيا من نوع التصميم ذات الضبط الجزئي, وتكون مجتمع البحث من طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي اللذين يدرسون مادة تاريخ اوربا وامريكا الحديث والمعاصر في المدارس الثانوية والاعدادية ضمن المدارس النهارية للبنين التابعين الى المديريات العامة لتربية بغداد,اماعينة الدراسة فكانت(113) طالبا من طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي في ثلاث شعب بعد استبعاد الطلاب الراسبين وبواقع (37) طالبا للمجموعة التجريبية الاولى (38) طالبا للمجموعة التجريبية الثانية و(38) طالبا للمجموعة الضابطة تم اختيرتهم عشوائيا من اعدادية سهل بن سعد الساعدي للبنين، التابعة الى مديرية تربية الرصافة/ الثالثة للعام الدراسي(2014 - 2015).كوفئت المجموعات الثلاث في المتغيرات الاتية : ا. درجات اختبار الذكاء. ب. العمر الزمني للطلاب محسوبا بالشهور. ج.التحصيل الدراسي للاباء. د.التحصيل الدراسي للامهات. هـ.درجات اختبار تحصيل المعلومات السابقة. و.اختبار التفكير الابداعي(القبلي). وفي ضوء الاهمية النسبية للمحتوى والاهداف السلوكية، جرى بناء اختبار تحصيلي من (60) فقرة (47) فقرة من نوع الفقرات الموضوعية(الاختيار من متعدد) و(13) فقرة من نوع الفقرات المقالية، واختبار لقياس التنمية المتحققة للتفكير الابداعي مكونا من (قسمين) لغرض التحقق من حصول التنمية في التفكير الابداعي. وقد تحقق الباحث من خصائص الاختبارين السيكومترية، ومن صلاحية فقراتهما بعرضها على مجموعة من المحكمين، وتم اعتماد مقياس جاهز للتفكير الابداعي ( لبول تورنس) بعد ان تم التاكد من صدقه وثباته، ثم اجرى اختبارا قبليا للتفكير الابداعي للمجموعات الثلاث. - المجموعة التجريبية الاولى : جرى تدريسها على وفق استراتيجية العصف الكتابي. - المجموعة التجريبية الثانية : جرى تدريسها على وفق استراتيجية الجدول الذاتي. - المجموعة الضابطة : درست على وفق الطريقة التقليدية. استمر تطبيق التجربة عاما دراسيا كاملا، وفي نهاية التجربة طبق الاختبار التحصيلي واختبار التفكير الابداعي البعدي للمجموعات الثلاث. .بعد ذلك حللت النتائج واظهرت المعالجات الاحصائية باستعمال الوسائل الاحصائية وكانت النتائج كالاتي : 1 - عدم وجود فرق ذي دلالة احصائية بين المجموعتين التجريبيتين الاولى والثانية في الاختبار التحصيلي وتنمية التفكير الابداعي. 2 - وجود فرق ذي دلالة احصائية بين المجموعة التجريبية الاولى والمجموعة الضابطة في الاختبار التحصيلي وتنمية التفكير الابداعي ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية الاولى . 3 - وجود فرق ذي دلالة احصائية بين المجموعة التجريبية الثانية والمجموعة الضابطة في الاختبار التحصيلي وتنمية التفكير الابداعي ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية الثانية. في ضوء النتائج التي اسفر عنها البحث ، توصل الباحث الى الاستنتاجات الاتية : 1 - امكانية تطبيق استراتيجيتي العصف الكتابي والجدول الذاتي في تدريس مادة تاريخ اوربا وامريكا الحديث والمعاصر المقرر لطلاب الصف الخامس الادبي.2 - ان استراتيجيتي العصف الكتابي والجدول الذاتي تسهما على نحو ايجابي في زيادة التحصيل وتنمية التفكير الابداعي لدى طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي. وتم في ضوء النتائج والاستنتاجات هذا البحث صوغ عدد من التوصيات واهمها : 1 - اقامة دورات تدريبية وتطويرية وتاهيلية من قبل وزارة التربية للمدرسين والمدرسات في اثناء الخدمة للتدريب على استعمال استراتيجيتي العصف الكتابي والجدول الذاتي عند تدريس مادة التاريخ في المرحلة الاعدادية لما لهما من اهمية في زيادة التحصيل وتنمية مهارات التفكير الابداعي .2 - دعوة مشرفي اختصاص التاريخ الى التركيز عند تقويم المدرسين على مدى اهتمام المدرسين باستعمال استراتيجيات حديثة, وتنمية مهارات التفكير الابداعي.المقترحات : - في ضوء نتائج البحث يقترح الباحث ما ياتي : - اجراء دراسات مماثلة : 1 - على مراحل وصفوف دراسية اخرى، وعلى كلا الجنسين، لمعرفة اثر استراتيجيتي العصف الكتابي والجدول الذاتي في تنمية التفكير الناقد في مادة التاريخ.2 - تقيس اثر استراتيجيتي العصف الكتابي والجدول الذاتي في متغيرات اخرى مثل الاتجاه او الدافعية نحو مادة التاريخ وتنمية التفكير الابتكاري | The current research aim at knowing the effect of strategy Brain - Writing of self - schedule on the assimilation of the history subject and development of creative intellectuality in fifth - stage students/ Literary branch. For proving the goals of the research, the researcher has placed Zero hypotheses hereunder : 1 - There are not statistic differences between averages of the 1st three experimental groups' student grades studying the subject of history by strategy of Book, other experimental group studying the history by depending on strategy of self - schedule and control group studying the same subject according to the traditional method in test. 2 - There are not statistic differences between averages of the 1st three experimental groups' student grades studying the subject of history by strategy of Book, other experimental group studying the history by depending on strategy of self - schedule and control group studying the same subject according to the traditional method in creative intellectuality development.. 3 - There are not statistic differences between averages of the 1st three experimental groups' student grades studying the subject of history by strategy of Book, other experimental group studying the history by depending on strategy of self - schedule and control group studying the same subject according to the traditional method in testing creative intellectuality development(pre - and post - test) The researcher has followed an experimental design of partial control and the sample composes of 113 students of fifth - stage / literary branch in three sections after getting away failed students. The first experimental group includes 37 student , second experimental group includes 38 student and the control group includes 38 student ; the students have been randomly chosen from Sahil Bin Saad Al - Saadi secondary school related to 3rd Rusafa education directorate for the academic year 2014 - 2015. Three groups have been measured with the following variables a - Intelligence testing b - age of the students multiplied with months , c - Father's education qualification d - Mother's education qualification e - grades of test of former information f - creative intellectuality pre - test In the light of the importance of behavior goals , it has built a test composing of 60 items and 47 items of objective questions ( multi - tests), and 13 items of essay questions; besides , test of achieved development of creative intellectuality as to carry out the development in the creative thinking. The researcher has proved some aspects of two former tests in respect to its validity items by exposing them to a set of experts . it has been depended on ready scale for creative thinking ( for Mr. Kher Allah) after proving its consistency and validity . it has been carried out pre - test for three groups : - 1st experimental group : being studied with strategy of Brain - Writing. - 2nd experimental group : being studied with self - schedule - Control group studied with the traditional method. The experiment has been continuously applied for one academic year and by the end of experiment , it has been applied post - test of creative thinking for three groups. After that the results analyzed and appeared statistic processing by using statistic means. Results are listed hereunder : 1 - There is not statistic difference between the 1st and 2nd groups in test of creative thinking development. 2 - There is statistic difference between the 1st experimental group and control group in test of creative thinking development and for the benefit of experimental group. 3 - There is statistic difference between the 2nd experimental group and control group in test of creative thinking development and for the benefit of 2nd experimental group.In the light of results , the researcher has concluded the following : 1 - The possibility of applying strategy of Brain - Writing and self - schedule on studying the modern and contemporary history of Europe and America for fifth - stage students. 2 - The strategy of Brain - Writing and self - schedule contribute into increasing the assimilation and development of creative thinking for fifth - stage students. The researcher has placed a set of recommendations : 1 - Establishing training , rehabilitation and development courses by the ministry of education to teachers ( both genders) on how to use the strategy mentioned above when teaching the history in the secondary schools. This has a great impact on increasing the understanding and assimilation and development of creative thinking skills as well. 2 - Inviting supervisors of history to focus on rectifying the teachers by using modern strategies as to develop creative thinking skills. The suggestions : The researcher has suggested the following : 1 - Making study on other classes ( both genders) to know the effect of the over mentioned strategy on developing critic thinking in the subject of history. 2 - Measuring the effect of aforesaid strategy on other variables just like motivation toward the subject of history and creative thinking development.

بناء دليل لتعليم اللغة العربية للصف الرابع الابتدائي == Guide Building For Arabic Language Teaching For Fourth Grade

Author name: ليلى كاظم سبهان حسين
Supervisor name: سعد علي زاير المسعراوي | حيدر عبد الزهرة التميمي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Arabic Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة في جامعة بغداد ـ كلية التربية / ابن رشد للعلوم الانسانية، واستهدفت بناء دليل لتعليم اللغة العربية للصف الرابع الابتدائي. اختارت الباحثة هذه الدراسة، لعدم توافر دليل للمعلم، وتحديدا للصف الرابع الابتدائي، بعد مراجعة مديرية المناهج، ولما لهذه المرحلة من اهمية في التعليم، اذ انها الاساس التكويني في شخصية المتعلم.واختارت الباحثة مجتمع بحثها بمنهج اللغة العربية المقرر لتلامذة الصف الرابع الابتدائي، ويضم كتابين، هما : 1 - القراءة العربية.2 - قواعد اللغة العربية. واشتمل الدليل على مفردات منهج القراءة العربية المقرر تدريسها لتلامذة الصف الرابع الابتدائي للعام الدراسي (2014 - 2015)، وقد بلغ عدد الموضوعات (46) موضوعا، ومفردات منهج قواعد اللغة العربية المقرر تدريسها لتلامذة الصف الرابع الابتدائي، وقد بلغ (16) موضوعا. ولعدم توافر اداة جاهزة وملائمة لجمع المعلومات، تتلاءم واغراض البحث الحالي واهدافه؛ فقد اعتمدت الباحثة على عدد من الادلة التي بنيت في دول عربية اخرى. والدليل مقسم على قسمين الاول خاص بقواعد اللغة العربية والاخر خاص بالقراءة العربية. وكانت خطوات بناء الدليل كالاتي : 1ـ اهداف الدليل، وهي تنقسم على (الاهداف العامة للمرحلة الابتدائية من تعليم القراءة وقواعد اللغة العربية، والاهداف الخاصة، والاهداف السلوكية). 2ـ محتوى الدليل. 3ـ الطرائق التدريسية. 4ـ الوسائل التعليمية. 5ـ النشاطات التعليمية. 6ـ التقويم.وكانت لغة الدليل المستعملة في تنفيذ برنامج اللغة العربية الفصحى بالصيغ التي تلائم ومستوى التلامذة. وعرض الدليل على مجموعة من الخبراء والمتخصصين في اللغة العربية ومناهجها وطرائق تدريسها، لغرض التثبت من صدقه.وفي ضوء الاستنتاجات وضعت الباحثة عددا من التوصيات، منها : - تشكيل لجنة في وزارة التربية لاعداد دليل لكل مادة دراسية مقررة. - اقامة دورات تنشيطية لمعلمي اللغة العربية؛ لتعرف الدليل والية استعماله . - ضرورة اعادة تاليف الكتب المدرسية، لتكون بصورة تتلاءم مع اعمار التلاميذ. واقترحت الباحثة اجراء الدراسات الاتية : - تجريب الدليل في تعليم اللغة العربية لتلامذة الصف الرابع الابتدائي؛ لتعرف فاعليته. - اجراء دراسة مماثلة لبناء دليل في مادة اللغة العربية لصفوف دراسية اخرى. | The study was conducted at the University of Baghdad College of Education / Ibn Rushd for Sciences humanity, aimed at building a guide to teach Arabic for fourth grade primary.Researcher of the study and chose it for the lack of a teacher's guide, at this stage, specifically the fourth primary grade, and because of this phase of the importance of education, since it is basically formative in the personality of the learner.And it chose the researcher community discussed the methodology of the Arabic language due to the students of the fourth grade and includes two books, namely : - Arabic Reading. - Arabic Grammar. And it included evidence of the vocabulary of Arabic reading assessments for students in the fourth grade curriculum for the academic year (2014 - 2015), the number of subjects was (46) subject, and vocabulary of the Arabic language curriculum assessments for students fourth grade rules has reached (17) theme. Given the lack of ready and convenient tool for gathering information adapted to the purposes and objectives of the current research has found a number of leads that were built in other Arab countries adopted a researcher. The directory is divided on the first two special rules of the Arabic language.The steps to build a directory as follows : 1. Targets Guide They are divided into (general goals for the primary stage of reading and grammar of the Arabic language teaching, and objectives).2. Directory content.3. Methods of teaching.4. Teaching aids.5. Educational activities.6 Evaluating. The evidence used in the implementation of the language of classical Arabic language program formats that are appropriate to the level of the students. It was presented evidence of the group of experts and specialists in the Arabic language and curriculum and methods of teaching for the purpose of obtaining his sincerity. In light of the findings the researcher recommended a number of recommendations including : - Formation of a committee in the Ministry of Education to study and prepare a guide each subject scheduled. - The establishment of refresher courses for teachers of Arabic language to know the evidence and use. - The need to re - authored textbooks in order to fit with the reconstruction of the students. The Researcher suggested the researcher conducting the following studies : - Workout Guide in teaching Arabic to students fourth grade to know its effectiveness. - Conducting a similar study to build a guide in Arabic language other scholarships to the ranks

فاعلية برنامج مقترح على وفق نظرية تريز في تحصيل مادة الادب والنصوص عند طالبات الصف الخامس الادبي == The Activeness of a Proposed Program According to Triz Theory in the Achievement of (Literature and Texts) Material of the Female Students in the Fifth Literary Class

Author name: لمياء جبار عبد الوهاب
Supervisor name: حسن خلباص حمادي الزاملي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Arabic Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الحالي الى : 1. بناء برنامج مقترح وفق نظرية تريز عند طالبات الصف الخامس الادبي.2. تعرف فاعلية البرنامج المقترح في تحصيل مادة الادب والنصوص عند طالبات الصف الخامس الادبي.ولتحقيق هدف البحث الاول؛ اعدت الباحثة برنامجا تعليميا ، تضمن اهدافا تعليمية ، ومحتوى ،وطرائق تدريسية ملائمة، وانشطة مصاحبة، ووسائل تعليمية، لتنفيذ هذا البرنامج.تحققت الباحثة من صلاحية البرنامج ، بعرضه على مجموعة من المحكمين والخبراء.ولتحقيق هدف البحث الثاني المتمثل بالتعرف فاعلية البرنامج المقترح اعتمدت الباحثة على تصميم تجريبي ذي ضبط جزئي، هو تصميم المجموعة التجريبية والضابطة، مع اختبار تحصيلي .واختارت الباحثة عينة بلغت (51 )طالبة من طالبات الصف الخامس الادبي في ثانوية الرافدين للبنات،ودرست الباحثة نفسها عينة البحث (البرنامج المقترح) والمجمعة الضابطة، واعدت اختبارا، تحققت من صدقه وثباته، واستخرجت القوة التمييزية لفقراته، ومعامل صعوبته ، وفاعلية بدائله المخطوءة ، طبق الاختبار البعدي بعد نهاية التجربة على طالبات عينة البحث.استمرت التجربة الفصل الدراسي الاول ،وبعد تحليل البيانات باستعمال الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين ، ومربع كاي، ومعادلة الفا - كرونباخ. اسفرت الدراسة عن النتيجة الاتية : - - هناك فرق ذو دلالة احصائية بين متوسط درجات تحصيل طالبات مجموعتي البحث في الاختبار التحصيلي، لصالح المجموعة التجريبية عند مستوى دلالة (05،0). وفي ضوء نتيجة البحث استنتجت الباحثة عددا من الاستنتاجات، منها : - ان استعمال نظرية تريز في ضمن الحدود التي اجري فيها البحث الحالي، اثبت فاعليته في ارتفاع مستوى التحصيل عند طالبات الصف الخامس الادبي في مادة الادب والنصوص.وفي ضوء ما توصلت اليه الباحثة من نتائج في هذا البحث ، فانها توصي بضرورة تدريب مدرسي مادة اللغة العربية ومدرساتها على اسس النظريات الحديثة، ولاسيما نظرية تريز، وذلك من خلال الدورات ، الندوات التربوية ، والنشرات الخاصة .واقترحت بناء برنامج مقترح في مراحل دراسية اخر (الابتدائية ، والمتوسطة ، والجامعية).

اثر استعمال الصور التركيبية في اكساب المفاهيم النحوية عند طلاب الصف الاول المتوسط == The Impact of Structural Images in the Acquisition of syntactic concepts of first Intermediate class Students

Author name: كاطع صالح طراد الحسناوي
Supervisor name: رقية عبد الائمة عبد الله العبيدي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Arabic Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يرمى هذا البحث تعرف اثر استعمال الصور التركيبية في اكساب المفاهيم النحوية عند طلاب الصف الاول المتوسط . ولتحقيق مرمى البحث اعتمد الباحث تصميما تجريبيا ذا ضبط جزئي ، هو تصميم المجموعة الضابطة مع اختبار بعدي فقط. اشتملت عينة البحث على (62 ) طالبا من طلاب الصف الاول المتوسط في متوسطة حمورابي للبنين في حي الجزائر ، التابعة الى مديرية تربية االقادسية ، وزعوا عشوائيا على مجموعتين ، بواقع ( 32 ) طالبا في المجموعة التجريبية ، و(30) طالبا للمجموعة الضابطة ، درس الباحث المجموعة التجريبية ، باستعمال الصور التركيبية ، ودرس المجموعة الضابطة من غير استعمال للصور التركيبية . كافا الباحث بين مجموعتي البحث في متغيرات (العمر الزمني محسوبا بالشهور ، والتحصيل الدراسي للاباء ، والتحصيل الدراسي للامهات ، ودرجات اختبار المعلومات السابقة في المفاهيم النحوية ، واختبار الذكاء ). وحاول الباحث ضبط عدد من المتغيرات الدخيلة التي اشارت المصادر والدراسات السابقة الى انها تؤثر في هذا النوع من التصاميم التجريبية ، مثل (ظروف التجربة ، والحوادث المصاحبة ، والاندثار التجريبي ، والفروق في اختيار العينة ، والعمليات المتعلقة بالنضج ، واداة القياس ، والانحدار الاحصائي ، واثر الاجراءات التجريبية ) . وبعد ان حدد الباحث المادة العلمية التي تضمنت ( 10 ) موضوعات من كتاب قواعد اللغة العربية المقرر تدريسها لطلاب الصف الاول المتوسط للعام الدراسي ( 2015 - 2016 ) في العراق ، وكذلك حدد المفاهيم النحوية ، والصور التركيبية لكل موضوع واعد الباحث دروسا انموذجية لكل موضوع من الموضوعات الخاصة بالتجربة . ثم بنى اختبارا لاكساب المفاهيم النحوية بثلاث مستويات لكل مفهوم وهي ( تعريف المفهوم ، تمييز المفهوم ، تعميم المفهوم ) فتكون اختبار اكساب المفاهيم من (66 ) فقرة ، وعرض على مجموعة من الخبراء ، لغرض التحقق من صدقه ، وطبق الاختبار على عينة استطلاعية لحساب وقت الاختبار ، والتعرف على مدى وضوح فقراته ، ولحساب الخصائص السايكومترية (القوة التميزية لفقراته ، ومعامل صعوبتها ، وفاعلية بدائلها المخطوءة ) وتم ايجاد معامل ثبات الاختبار بطريقة (الفا كرونباخ ) حيث بلغ معامل ثباته (0,87) . طبقت التجربة في الفصل الدراسي الاول من العام الدراسي (2015 - 2016 ) واستغرقت فصلا دراسيا كاملا ، بواقع حصتين لكل مجموعة التجريبية والضابطة . وبعد تطبيق الاختبار تمت معالجة البيانات احصائيا باستعمال الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين ، فاسفرت الدراسة عن النتيجة الاتية : هناك فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0,05) بين متوسطي درجات طلاب مجموعتي البحث في اكساب المفاهيم النحوية ، لصالح المجموعة التجريبية . وفي ضوء النتائج اوصى الباحث بضرورة بناء مناهج نحوية جديدة ، تركز في بنائها على ترجمة القواعد النحوية الواردة في كتب النحو المقررة حاليا الى صور تركيبية ، تبرز وتؤكد على كيفية البناء التركيبي للجملة العربية.واستكمالا لهذه الدراسة : اقترح الباحث اجراء عدد من الدراسات منها : تعرف اثر استعمال الصور التركيبية في مراحل دراسية اخرى ومع اساليب ونماذج تدريسية اخرى | The Present study aims at identifying the Impact of The Impact of Structural Images in the Acquisition of syntactic concepts of first Intermediate class Students .to achieve This aim a post - test control group partial control design has been adopted . The sample of the study includes 62 male and female first class intermediate students at Hamorabi Intermediate school for boys at AL - Qadisiyah General Directorate for education ,who has been distributed into two groups (32) Students at the experimental groups and (30) student at the control group .The experimental groups has been taught by the suggested technique , while the control group has been taught by the conventional technique .The two groups have been equalized in age calculated in months , academic lend of the Fathers, academic level of the mothers , students' scores in prior knowledge in syntactic concept, and 1Q testSeveral external and internal variables that have some effect on the experimental work have been controlled such as The experimental conditions , accompanying events ,the differences in selecting the accompanying events ,the differences in selecting the sample ,maturation , the scale , statistical regression , and the effect of experimental procedures .The teaching material includes ten topics selected from the Arabic language grammar prescribed for the first class intermediate students for the academic year 2015 - 2016 in Iraq. The syntactic concepts have been identified as well as the Structural Images for each topic . lesson plans have been prepared for each experimental topics .The test of syntactic concepts acquisition has been constructed including three levels : defining the concept, discriminating the concept, discriminating the concept, and generalizing the concept. The total number of the items is 66. The test has been exposed on a number of experts to achieve its validity the test has been applied on a pilot sample to calculate the time average, identify the clarity of items, and calculate the psychometric characteristics including item difficulty level and discriminating power . Reliability coefficient has been computed by the Alpha - Cronbach method which is found to be 0. 87 . The experiment has been applied during the first semester , two lessons per week . Data gathered has been analyzed using the t - test for two independent samples Results show that there is statistically significant difference between the two groups in the acquisition of syntactic concepts, in favor of the experiment group Finally , suitable conclusions, recommendations , and suggestions have been put forward

اثـر انموذج اياس في تحصيل مادة التاريخ لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط وتفكيرهم التاريخي == The Effect Of Ayas Model On Achievement Of The History Material Among Student Of The Second Intermediate Class And Their Historical Thinking

Author name: قاسم ارزوقي قاسم حسن الزبيدي
Supervisor name: زينب حمزة راجي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف هذه الرسالة الى معرفة اثر انموذج اياس في تحصيل مادة التاريخ لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط وتفكيرهم التاريخي. ولتحقيق ذلك اختار الباحث تصميما تجريبيا ذا الضبط الجزئي لمجموعتين احدهما تجريبية والاخرى ضابطة ذات الاختيار البعدي، واختار الباحث عشوائيا عينة من طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط من متوسطة بطل خيبر للبنين التابعة للمديرية العامة للتربية في ميسان للعام الدراسي (2015 - 2016 م) . تكونت العينة من (60) طالبا بواقع (30) طالبا في المجموعة التجريبية وتمثل الشعبة (ج) التي درست باستعمال انموذج اياس و(30) طالبا من المجموعة الضابطة وتمثل الشعبة (ب) درست بالطريقة التقليدية . كافا الباحث بين مجموعتي البحث في عدة متغيرات (المعرفة السابقة، اختبار الذكاء، التحصيل الدراسي للابوين، العمر الزمني للطلاب محسوبا بالشهور، ودرجات العام السابق في مادة التاريخ) . قام الباحث بتحديد المادة العلمية التي شملت الفصل ( الاول، والثاني ) من كتاب التاريخ العربي الاسلامي المقرر تدريسه لطلبة الصف الثاني متوسط للعام الدراسي (2015 - 2016 م)وصاغ الاهداف السلوكية في ضوء الاهداف العامة اعتمادا على المستويات الثلاثة الاولى (المعرفة، والفهم، التطبيق) من المجال المعرفي لتصنيف(Bloom)، وقد بلغ عددها (169) هدفا سلوكيا، واعد خططا تدريسية للموضوعات المشمولة في مادة البحث . كما تطلب هدف البحث اعداد اداتي البحث الاولى الاختبار التحصيلي (من نوع الاختيار من متعدد)، يتكون من (40 فقرة) تم التحقق من صدقه الظاهري، واستخراج معامل الصعوبة والقوة التمييزية لفقراته، فضلا عن بيان مدى فاعلية البدائل واستخراج ثبات الاختبار بطريقة الاتساق الداخلي، اما الاداة الثانية فكانت اختبار التفكير التاريخي وتكون من (50) فقرة وتم التاكد من صعوبة الفقرات وتمييزها ومن صـدق الاختبار وثباته.ودرس الباحث مجموعتي البحث بنفسه، واستمرت التجربة الفصل الدراسي الاول اي فصلا دراسيا كاملا من العام الدراسي (2015 - 2016 م). وقد اعتمد الباحث الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين( t.test ) في معالجة البيانات احصائيا وتم التوصل الى النتائج الاتية : - تفوق طلاب المجموعة التجريبية التي درست باستعمال انموذج اياس على المجموعة الضابطة التي درست بالطريقة التقليدية في التحصيل. - تفوق طلاب المجموعة التجريبية التي درست باستعمال انموذج اياس على المجموعة الضابطة التي درست بالطريقة التقليدية في اختبار التفكير التاريخي.واثبت الانموذج فاعليته في التحصيل واختبار التفكير التاريخي.وفي ضوء نتائج هذا البحث توصل الباحث الى عدد من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات والمقترحات | The aim of current research to know the effect The Effect Of Ayas Model On Achievement Of History Material Among Student Of The Second Intermediate Class And Their Historical Thinking. To achieve this aim, the researcher chose determined experimentally design, one experimental group and the control , and the researcher chose random sample of second grade average students from Intermediate Khyber school for Boys of the General Directorate for Education in Maysan for the academic year (2015 - 2016 AD(.The sample consisted of 60 students by 30 students in the experimental group and represents the Division (c), which studied the use of Ayas model and 30 students from the control group and represents the Division (b) studied the traditional method.Researcher equivalence between research groups in several variables (prior knowledge, IQ test, academic achievement of the parents, the chronological age of the students measured in months, and degrees of the previous year in history,). The researcher select scientific material which included a chapter (I, II) from the book of the Arab - Islamic history to be taught to students in the second grade Intermediate for the academic year (2015 - 2016 AD), Behavioral objectives formulated in the light of the general goals based on the first three levels (knowledge, comprehension, application) of the cognitive domain for the classification (Bloom), has reached number is (169) behavioral goals, and prepared plans for teaching the topics covered in the subject matter.It also the goal requests to Find prepare research instruments for the achievement test (from multiple choice), consisting of (40 items) has been verified face validity, and extraction difficult and force discriminatory coefficient items, as well as demonstrate the effectiveness of alternatives and extraction testing the stability of a way that the internal consistency The second instrument was historical test and be (50) the items of thinking has been to make sure the difficulty of items and to distinguish and test the reliability .the researcher taught tow group by himself, and continued the first semester experience of the academic year (2015 - 2016 m).Researcher used for two independent samples in the statistical data processing has been adopted as It was reached the following results : - superiority of experimental group which studied with Ayas model to the control group, who studied in the traditional method in achievement. - superiority of experimental group which studied the use of Ayas model to control group that studied the traditional method to test of historical thinking.The model also proved its effectiveness in the collection and testing historical thinking.In light of the results of this research, the researcher suggested a number of conclusions and ecommendations and proposals

مفهوم التربية الوطنية في الفكرالعربي الاسلامي : السيد حسين اسماعيل الصدر انموذجا == THE CONCEPT OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION IN THE ARAB ISLAMIC THOUGHT (MR. HUSSEIN ISMAEL AL - SADIR, A DESCENDANT OF THE PROPHET FAMILY (PBUH) , AS A MODEL )

Author name: قاسم بلشان كاظم التميمي
Supervisor name: مقداد اسماعيل الدباغ | عبد الحسين رزوقي الجبوري
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Education Basics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: لاشك ان التربية الوطنية من الموضوعات المهمة التي يجب دراستها وتعزيزها وترسيخها بين افراد المجتمع على نحوعام وفي جميع المجالات ،وذلك بعد غياب وضعف الاهتمام بهذا الموضوع ولاسيما بعد الاحداث التي شهدتها وتشهدها البلاد، وتظهر اهمية التربية الوطنية كونها تسعى لاعداد الانسان للعيش في وطنه، وتكيفه تكيفا سليما مع قوانينه، حيث تقدم للفرد المرتكزات والاسس التي تحقق ذلك، كما تعزز في الافراد حب الوطن وروح الاعتزاز والانتماء اليه، وشحذ الفكر والعاطفة، والعمل للنهوض به، وتجعل الفرد يشعر بقيمة حياته من خلال ما يقدمه لوطنه وامته، ان الدراسة الحالية تهدف الى تعرف مفهوم التربية الوطنية في الفكر العربي الاسلامي ( السيد حسين اسماعيل الصدر انموذجا ). من خلال مجموعة من كتب السيد حسين اسماعيل الصدر البالغة (170) كتابا وبعد القيام بتدقيق تلك الكتب فيما اذا تتضمن امورا تخص التربية الوطنية ، فوجد الباحث ما مجموعه (104) كتاب لها علاقة بموضوع البحث، حيث استبعدت الكتب الباقية وعددها (66) كتابا لكونها كتب دينية وفقهية صرفة ،واصبح مجموع البحث الاحصائي (104) كتابا، وبعد التشاور مع السادة المحكمين، تم اختيار(21) كتابا كعينة للبحث ، وتم تحليل محتوى تلك الكتب البالغ عددها (21) كتابا،وقد استعمل الباحث المنهج الوصفي ، وطريقة تحليل المحتوى اذ انها تحقق هدف البحث ، كذلك قام الباحث باستخراج الصدق الظاهري، الذي يعد احد جوانب صدق المحتوى ، حيث عرضت الاستبانة وقائمة القيم الوطنية التي تضمنت (40) قيمة على مجموعة من الخبراء والمختصين للحكم على صلاحيتها في قياس ما وضعت من اجله، ، وقد اخذ الباحث بملحوظات وتعديل المحكمين ، وفي هدي هذه الاراء والملحوظات عدلت الاستبانة وقائمة القيم بالدمج والحذف والاضافة تنفيذا لما اتفق عليه (80%) من المحكمين وتوصلت في النهاية الى قائمة للقيم الوطنية تضمنت (29) قيمة.وتضمنت الدراسة الحالية ستة فصول،ضم الفصل الاول ستة محاور : اولا : مشكلةالبحث، ثانيا : اهمية البحث، ثالثا : هدف البحث، رابعا : حدود البحث، خامسا : منهج البحث،سادسا : تعريف المصطلحات.اما الفصل الثاني،فضم مبحثين، المبحث الاول : اطار نظري، وشمل اولا : مفهوم التربية الوطنية، وثانيا : نبذة عن التربية الوطنية وتطورها، وثالثا : مفهوم التربية الوطنية في الاسلام، اما المبحث الثاني : تضمن دراسات سابقة ذات العلاقة بالدراسة ،واما الفصل الثالث : فضم اربعة مباحث، المبحث الاول : القوى والعوامل الثقافية المؤثرة في فكر السيد حسين الصدر، المبحث الثاني : تضمن نبذة عن حياة السيد ونسبه الكريم، المبحث الثالث : تضمن مؤلفات سماحة السيد الصدر، المبحث الرابع : فقد تناول اهم اسهاماته في الاعمال الخيرية والاجتماعية ، واما الفصل الرابع،فقد ضم ثلاثة مباحث ، المبحث الاول : الرؤية الفلسفية لدى السيد حسين اسماعيل الصدر، المبحث الثاني : تضمن المبادئ التربوية عند السيد ، المبحث الثالث : تناول التربية الوطنية عند السيد حسين اسماعيل الصدر،واما الفصل الخامس فقد احتوى اجراءات البحث واستخدام الوسائل الاحصائية كالنسبة المئوية ومعادلة(Holsti)، وعرضت في الفصل السادس عرض نتائج البحث وتفسيرها، وتقديم مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات والمقترحات.الاستنتاجات ومنها : 1 - التربية الوطنية عند السيد حسين اسماعيل الصدر تعد من الاساسيات التي تحفظ البلد وتسهم بنهضتة وتقدمه.2 - ان التربية الوطنية التي يدعو اليها السيد حسين اسماعيل الصدر هدفها اصلاح الفرد والمجتمع وبناء الانسان الصالح المحب لوطنه. 3 - ان التربية الوطنية عند السيد حسين اسماعيل الصدر مستمدة من الشريعة الاسلامية ، باعتبار الاسلام جاء لكل الانسانية ، وعلى هذا الاساس فان التربية الوطنية الاسلامية هي شاملة وصالحة لكل الاوطان.4 - التربية الوطنية في الفكر العربي الاسلامي هدفها جميع افراد المجتمع دون تمييز بين دياناتهم وقومياتهم ومذاهبهم. التوصيات ومنها : 1 - ضرورة قيام وزارة التربية ووزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي بتضمين اسس ومباديء التربية الوطنية الواردة في الدراسة الحالية في مناهج الدراسة للمراحل كافة.2 - ضرورة ان ينتبه القائمون على مناهج الدراسة في العراق الى اهمية وخطورة التربية الوطنية واعطاء اولوية لها ، اذ ان التربية الوطنية جوهر ومفتاح اصلاح المجتمع وفي المجالات جميعا.3 - ان تقوم كل مؤسسات الدولة بوضع خطط وبرامج لتنمية ثقافة التربية الوطنية عند المواطن.المقترحات ومنها : 1 - القيام بدراسات عن التربية الوطنية في الفكر العربي الاسلامي المعاصر ، ومقايسة نتائجها وموازنتها مع الدراسة الحالية.2 - اجراء دراسة موازنة لقيم التربية الوطنية عند السيد حسين اسماعيل الصدر وبعض مفكري العرب والاسلام، ولاسيما الذين هم على قيد الحياة. | It is no doubt that the National Education is one of the most the important subject that should be considered , supported ,and established among individuals of the society as a whole and in all domains especially when such a subject has suffered from hard negligence after 2003 in Iraq . The significance of the National Education can be clearly prominent in its efforts to prepare the human being to live more safely in his /her homeland ,and well - adapted with its rules by providing the individuals the main bases and pivots that aid in achieving such a situation .Furthermore, the National Education reinforces love of the homeland in individuals as well as belongingness ,activation of thought and emotion to serve their homeland which in turn lets the individual feel of the value of homeland love in terms of what he/she presents to his /her country . The current study aims at finding out what is meant by the concept of the National Education in the Arab and Islamic Thought( Mr. Hussein Ismael Al - Sadir,a descendant of the Prophet family (PBUH) as a model )through surveying a number of his writings which is totally (170) books .Having been checked, the researcher has found that about (104) books are concerning with the study subject ,excluding the rest (21) books ,as well as eliminating from analysis books prefaces ,the Holy Quran Verses ,the Prophet Traditions and his family descendants ,and good Muslim descendants . The researcher has used the descriptive analytic approach ,selecting the content analysis as a suitable method to achieve the aim of the study .Also, the researcher has depended on the face validity which is the most important aspect of the content validity . The questionnaire and a list of (40) values have been exposed to a group of jury members and specialists to verify their validity to measure what is meant to be measured .All remarks and modifications of the jurors have been taken into consideration in that both the questionnaire and a list of values have been subjected to merging, deletion, and addition according to (80%) of the agreement of the jurors .So, the final form of the list of values consists of (29) values and all jurors have agreed upon the validity of the content . The present study consists of six chapters, the first one of which includes (6) sections : First : The Problem, Second : The Value, Third : The Aim , Fourth : The Limits ,Fifth : Methodology, Sixth : Definition of Basic Terms . Chapter Two consists of two sections : First : A Theory Background that covers the concept of the National Education. Second : An Overview of the National Education and its Development .Third : The Concept of the National Education in Islam .The Second Section covers the Previous Related Studies.Chapter Three includes four sections : First : The Forces and the Cultural Factors that affected Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir’s Thought. Second : An Autobiography about Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir and his noble descent .Third : Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir’s Writings .Fourth : Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir’s Participations in Social and Charitable Works . Chapter Four consists of three sections : First : The Philosophical Vision of Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir. Second : The Educational Principles of Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir. Third : National Education as viewed by Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir . Chapter Five covers the study procedures and the Statistical means used such as Percentile and Holsti Formula ,in addition to the Results obtained and their discussion Chapter Six as well as organizing the (29)national values ,and finally a set of conclusions ,recommendations ,and suggestions .Conclusions : Based on the results gained, the researcher has come up with certain conclusions , some of which are below : 1 - The proper National Education in the view of Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir is the cornerstone for the renaissance and development of the country .2 - The National Education that is called by Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir is an education whose main goal is to reform both the individual and the society as well as the proper construction of the good human being who greatly loves his/her homeland . 3 - The proper National Education in the view of Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir is an Islamic - based Sharia education considering Islam was revealed for all humanity as all .So, the Islamic National Education is universal and valid for all countries in the world . 4 - The National Education in the Arab Islamic thought aims to remove discrimination among the members of one society regardless of their religions, nationalities ,and doctrines . Recommendations : The researcher has set specific recommendations ,some of which are as follows : 1 - It of a great importance that Ministry of Education properly imply the bases and principles of the National Education in the syllabi of the curricula of all stages .2 - Making heavily use of the values derived from the National Education in the view of Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir found in his own writings and to be adopted in the study curricula .3 - It is of high importance that those in charge of curricula in Iraq should pay enough attention to the significance and the role played by the National Education ,giving it more priority for it is the essence and the key of the reformation of the country in all domains.4 - It is of high importance that all state organizations put plans and programs for establishing proper National Education in natives .Suggestions : 1 - There is intensive need to carry out several studies on the National Education in the Arabic Islamic Thought to be compared and matched their results with current study .2 - Carrying out comparative studies on the values and National Education as viewed by Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir and a number of the Arab and Islamic thinkers , especially those who are still alive

الفلسفات التربوية السائدة عند تدريسيي جامعة بغداد بحسب الجنس والتخصص والخبرة == The Prevailing Educational Philosophies at Baghdad University's teaching Board Staff in respect to Gender, Specialization and Experience

Author name: فلوريدا داود عباس سلوم
Supervisor name: سعدون سلمان نجم الحلبوسي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Education Basics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The studies and researches have indicated that we, in our country Iraq (one of Arab countries) suffer from ambiguity and unclearness of the educational process as that being confirmed on by conferences and forums. The educational process is adhered by the education and teaching institutions as to instruct and direct them and those working in it believe in it since it is considered real, intellectual and educational philosophy. This philosophy is renewal and contemporized with the age of technological and technical development and quick communication that greatly effect on all fields of humanitarian life (political, economic, social, educational and cultural). Owing to the struggles of movements and intellectual trends in addition to different views , impressions and self - interpretations, the educational philosophy became unreal, fragile and ambiguous features; this considered a problem worthy to be concerned on. It has been thus carried out as to know the prevailing educational philosophies at Baghdad University's doctors. The study includes four chapters; the chapter one includes problem, goals and boundaries of the study. The current study aims at1. Knowing the prevailing educational philosophies (idealism, pragmatisms, existentialism, Marxism, objectivism, Islamism). At the Baghdad University's instructors in respect to gender, specialization and experience.2. Knowing the statistical differences among prevailing educational philosophies at Baghdad University's instructors in respect to gender, specialization and experience.The second chapter includes two researches, 1st research is the theoretical side where the researcher has exposed modern, contemporized and ancient philosophies in addition to the Islamist philosophy. The researcher has taken samples of philosophers and thinking men just like Al - Kindi. Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd and some modern philosophers and after modernism like Admond Hosril, Michael Foko, and Mohammed Abid al - Jaberi. The researcher has also pointed out to the future educational philosophical vision of Iraq. The second research includes former studies related to the subject.CChapter three, where the researcher has chosen Baghdad University composing of (24) college, by (6034) male and female instructors for the academic year (2015 - 2016), it has been chosen a sample of the research randomly, where it is amounted (400) teaching board member after specifying (14) college human and scientific, the scientific colleges incudes ( pharmacy, medicine, engineering, science education, sciences, nursing and dentistry). The human colleges include (Ibn Rushd Education for Human Sciences, Economics and Administration, Art, Fine Arts, Islamic Sciences, and political sciences) with (160) university teachers after taking a ratio (7%) of the total society. The researcher has prepared questionnaire consisting of (70) philosophical items that represented the educational philosophies ( idealism, reality, pragmatisms, Marxism, objectivism, and Islamism) in respect to the fields ( existentialism), cognition, and human nature (good and evil), values, educational goals, method of teaching, teacher, student and rectification.After confirming the validity and consistence of the tool via statistical means (SPSS) for extracting Medium Means, Percentage, Ki square, Pirseal correlation coefficient , it has explained that the items of questionnaire are valid and outstanding. The value of correlation coefficient amounted (0%.80), by using re - test means, the researcher has applied that on the chosen sample of teaching board staff - Baghdad University.Chapter four includes results of the study, where it is indicated that the educational philosophy idealism, reality, pragmatisms, Marxism, objectivism, and Islamism) are prevailing one for the teaching board staff in Baghdad University, it has been explained the arrangement of prevailing educational philosophies according to the percentage : A. Islamism %58.8B. Pragmatisms %10.8C. Realism %8.0D. Marxism %7.0E. Existentialism %5.5F. Idealism %5.3G. Logical Objectivism %4.8It has been indicated that there are statistical differences according to the variable (scientific and human), experience (10 years and less than that, (20 years and less than that) and (21 years and less than that).It has also indicated that there are not statistical differences according to the gender (male and female).

تاثير اسلوب التدريس بعمل المشروع في اداء طلبة معهد الفنون الجميلة في القراءة والكتابة باللغة الانكليزية == The Effect of Project Work Teaching Technique on the Institute of Fine Arts Students’ EFL Reading and Writing Performance

Author name: ميسون صلاح شاكر
Supervisor name: بشرى سعدون محمد النوري
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching English Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان استخدام طريقة التدريس بعمل المشروع له فوائد كثيرة في تدريس اللغة الانكليزية لغة اجنبية، واول هذه الفوائد هو مخرجات استخدام العمل بالمشروع والتي توفر فرص كثيرة للطلاب لتطوير الثقة والاستقلالية عندما يتشاركون في تخطيط وانجاز المشروع مثل اختيار الموضوع. وهناك فوائد كثيرة اخرى منهزايادة المهارات الاجتماعية والتعاونية والتماسك مع المجموعة. وكذلك تطوير مهارات اللغة لان الطلاب سوف يعملون على نشاطات تواصلية حقيقية وبذلك تكون لديهم فرصة استخدام اللغة في السياق الطبيعي والمشاركة بنشاطات ذات معنى حقيقي، وكذلك تساعد على تطوير استخدام اسلوب حل المشاكل واستخدام مهارات التفكير الناقد لذا وتهدف الدراسة الحالية الى ايجاد اثر التدريس بطريقة العمل بالمشروع لدى طالبات معهد الفنون الجميلة للبنات على ادائهم في القراءة والكتابة. وافترضت الدراسة الحالية الفرضيات الصفرية التالية : 1 - طريقة العمل بمشروع ليس لها اي تاثير على اداء الطالبات في القراءة.2 - طريقة العمل بمشروع ليس لها اي تاثير على اداء الطالبات في الكتابة. مجتمع الدراسة الحالية يتكون من 1125 طالب وطالبة من معهد الفنون الجميلة للبنين والبنات - الكرخ والذي يحتوي على الاقسام التالية : الرسم والموسيقى والخط والمسرح والنحت والزخرفة والسيراميك والسمعية والمرئية والتصميم.تمثلت عينة البحث الحالي من 43 طالبة (23 تجريبية و20 ضابطة) من طالبات المرحلة الرابعة في معهد الفنون الجميلة للبنات الكرخ. ومن اجل تحقيق اهداف البحث الحالي استخدم الاختبار القبلي والبعدي والبرنامج التدريسي كادوات للدراسة الحالية. بالنسبة للاختبار القبلي والبعدي والبرنامج التدريسي كادوات للدراسة الحالية فقد تم ايجاد الصدق للادوات البحث وذلك من خلال عرضها على لجنة الخبراء في اللغة وطرائق التدريس. اما الثبات للاختبار القبلي فقد حسب بطريقة الفا كرونباخ وكان معامله 0،76، وقد توصلت الدراسة الحالية الى النتائج الاتية : 1 - هناك فروق ذو دلالة احصائية بين مستوى الاداء بين المجموعة التجريبية والضابطة والتي تعزى الى استخدام اسلوب التدريس لعمل المشروع. 2 - ومن اجل تحقيق الفرضية الصفرية الاولى، فقد اتضح بان هنالك فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين المجموعة التجريبية والضابطة في مهارة القراءة، وعليه فقد تم رفض الفرضية الصفرية الاولى.3 - ومن اجل تحقيق الفرضية الصفرية الثانية، فقد اتضح بان هنالك فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين المجموعة التجريبية والضابطة في مهارة الكتابة، وعليه فقد تم رفض الفرضية الصفرية الثانية ايضا.وفي ضوء النتائج التي تم التوصل اليها تم وضع مجموعة من التوصيات والمقترحات للدراسات المستقبلية. | Many benefits of incorporating project work in second and foreign language settings have been suggested. First, the process leading to the end - product of project - work provides opportunities for students to develop their confidence and independence. In addition, students demonstrate increased autonomy especially when they are actively engaged in project planning (e.g. choice of topic). A further frequently mentioned benefit relates to students’ increased social, cooperative skills, and group cohesiveness. Another reported benefit is improved language skills. Because students engage in purposeful communication to complete authentic activities, they have the opportunity to use language in a relatively natural context and participate in meaningful activities which require authentic language use. Another set of reported benefits pertains to the development of problem - solving and higher order critical thinking skills. The present study aims at finding out the effect of project - work teaching technique on the Institute of Fine Arts EFL Students' Reading and Writing Performance. The following two null hypotheses are put forward : 1. Project - work has no effect on EFL students' reading performance. There are no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group which is taught by project work, and that of the control group which taught by the traditional technique in reading performance. 2. Project - work has no effect on EFL students' writing performance. There are no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group which is taught by project work, and that of the control group which taught by the traditional technique in writing performance. The total number of population of the present study is 1125 which consists of the EFL students at the Institute of Fine Arts for Girls - and for Boys Baghdad, AL - Kharah and as distributed on the following departments : Department of Drawing, Department of Music, Department of Calligraphy, Department of Drama, Department of Sculpture, Department of Graphic, Department of Ceramics, Department of Audio and Video Instruments, and Department of Design. The total sample of the present study is 43 (23 experimental and 20 control) students of 4th year enrolled at the Institution of Fine Arts for Girls - Baghdad Al - Karkh.The experimental design is a pre - post experimental control design. The two groups are equalized in certain factors of great influence on the experiment. Concerning the pre - post tests and the construction of the programme, as being the instruments of the present study, face validity has been determined after exposing of them to a group of jury members in the field of ELT and linguistics. Reliability coefhcient of the pre - post tests have been computed using Alpha - Cronbach which were found to be 0.76 and successively. Some of the major results of the study reveal that : 1 - There are statistically significant differences in the total performance between the experimental group and the control one2 - To verify the first null hypothesis which was “Project - work has no effect on students’ EFL reading performance”, it is found that There are statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control one in their reading performance. Accordingly, the first null hypothesis is rejected3 - To verify the second null hypothesis which was “Project - work has no effect on students’ EFL writing performance”, it is found that there are statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control one in their writing performance. Accordingly, the second null hypothesis is also rejected. Finally, suitable conclusions recommendations and suggestions for the future studies are put forward.

العدالة في فكر ابن رشد وتطبيقاتها التربوية

Author name: سندس صباح محمود
Supervisor name: هشام محمد خلف الشمري
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Education Basics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: رمت الدراسة الى التعرف بالعدالة في الفكر التربوي لابن رشد. وتكمن مشكلة الدراسة من قلة او ندرة الدراسات التي تتناول الفكر التربوي للمدراس الاسلامية والاندلسية عامة، وفكر ابن رشد خاصة، على الرغم من كثرة هذه المدارس وخصوبة ارائها في مجالات العلوم المختلفة. موضوع العدالة وتطبيقاتها في الفكر التربوي والمؤسسات التعليمية، موضوع يستحق الاهتمام،لان العدالة من اسمى القيم التي نصت عليها كل الديانات السماوية، والقوانين الوضعية في مختلف الحضارات الانسانية المتعاقبة.وموضوعنا عن العدالة، يتبع منهجا اساسيا بوصف العدل من ابرز المبادئ الدستورية التي اقرها الشرع الاسلامي في ابواب فقه نبيه المصطفى (صلى الله عليه وسلم) وسنته الشريفة. واظهرت الدراسة ان العدالة في الفكر التربوي لابن رشد، مستقاة من القران الكريم، والسنة النبوية الشريفة، والتراث الانساني والاسلامي، ومن حيث النظرة الى العدالة لدى المعلم فوضع ابن رشد كفايات اساسية للمعلم، منها ضرورة مراعاة الفروق الفردية بين المتعلمين والمساواة بينهم على وفق مستواهم الاجتماعي والثقافي والاقتصادي. ان مفهوم العدالة في الاسلام شاملا لكل ميادين الحياة كقيمة عليا، وكاساس للتعامل في المجتمع الاسلامي في مختلف اوجه التعامل والعلاقات، وكونه قوام الدولة، ونظام الحكم فيها، واساس ولاية القضاء، وولاية المال العام، وغيرها من الولايات.وقد شملت الدراسة، اربعة فصول. تناول الفصل الاول التعرـيف بالبحــث : (مشكلة البحث، واهمية البحث ، وهدف البحث، وحدوده، ومنهج البحث، وتحديد المصطلحات العدالة، والفكر التربوي، والتطبيقات التربوية).اما الفصل الثاني، فقد تضمن مبحثين، المبحث الاول : تناول دراسات سابقة ذات علاقة بالبحث الحالي، والاطار النظري، والمبحث الثاني : تضمن مفهوم العدالة في الحضارات القديمة وفي الاديان السماوية. وتناول الفصل الثالث : ابن رشد وفكره الفلسفي في اربع مباحث، المبحث الاول : تضمن سيرة حياة ابن رشد، والمبحث الثاني : تضمن فكر ابن رشد الفلسفي، والمبحث الثالث : تضمن مضامين مفهوم العدالة لدى ابن رشد، والمبحث الرابع : تضمن العدالة في فكر ابن رشد. واما الفصل الرابع، فتناول العدالة والتربية عند ابن رشد في اربع مباحث، المبحث الاول : تضمن التربية لدى ابن رشد، والمبحث الثاني : تضمن العدالة التربوية عند ابن رشد، والمبحث الثالث : تناول التطبيقات التربوية، والمبحث الرابع : تضمن الاستنتاجات والتوصيات والمقترحات والمصادر، وتوصل الباحث في هذه الدراسة الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات والمقرحات.الاستنتاجات : 1. ان فلسفة ابن رشد كانت شاملة لكافة مجالات الحياة الاساسية، التربوية، والاجتماعية، والسياسية، والاقتصادية فلم يترك مجالا الا وتطرق اليه من خلال فلسفته.2. ان مفهوم العدالة ليس بمعزل عن التربية بل ان كل واحد منها يفسر الاخر. فهي بمفهومها القيمي والتربوي تعزز روح المواطنة لدى الطلبة وتعمل على تقوية روح الانتماء والدفاع عن الوطن ضد اي اعتداء خارجي.التوصيات : 1. على المؤسسات التربوية بتدريب طلبتها على اسلوب العدالة وذلك بالاعتماد على منهج يخاطب الضمير الانساني. 2. ضرورة قيام المؤسسات التربوية بتعزيز دور المعلم بتضمينها في كتب اسس التربية والارشاد التربوي لما له من اهمية في التوجيه والارشاد لتوعية الطلبة على مبدا العدالة واحترام حقوق الانسان. المقترحات : 1ــــ القيام باجراء دراسة مماثلة تتناول العدالة لمفكرين اسلاميين اخرين باتباع نفس المنهج . 2ــــ القيام بدراسة مقارنة بين العدالة عند ابن رشد وبين مفكرين اخرين .

اثر استراتيجية اوجد الخطا في تصحيح الاخطاء الاملائية لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط == The Effect of A Strategy Find the fib in Correcting Misspellings At the Students Second Intermediate Class

Author name: سعد فهد داخل الدلفي
Supervisor name: رائد رسم يونس الزيدي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Arabic Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This research aims at identifying a strategic impact that resulted in the error in correcting misspellings among intermediate second grade students.To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher put the following zero hypothesis : - There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the experimental group who study spelling with a strategy (error finding) and the average scores of the control group students who study spelling in the traditional way. The researcher followed the experimental approach and adopted a partial experimental design, which is the design of the experimental group and the control group, the post - test. The researcher chose the sample of his research consisting of (78) students, divided into (38) students of the experimental group, and (40) students of the control group, in the middle of Imam Ali Al - Hadi (peace be upon him) of the Directorate General of Education in the province of Baghdad .The researcher was rewarded between the students of the two groups of research in the following variables : (the age of time calculated in months, the academic achievement of the parents, the previous spelling information and the language ability), a number of extraneous variables were tried, which the literature and previous studies indicate may affect this type of design Experimental.The researcher himself studied the students of the two groups : experimental strategy (find error), and control in the traditional way during the duration of the experiment, which lasted a full semester (I).CThe researcher prepared a final test as a research tool, applying it to the research, experimental and control groups at the end of the experiment. Using the test for two independent samples, the search yielded the following result : There was a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the two groups in correcting the spelling mistakes, and in the interest of the experimental group. In the light of the current research results, the researcher concluded a number of conclusions. The use of a "Find Error" strategy in teaching enables students to learn and correct spelling errors, which leads to an increase in student achievement in this subject.The researcher recommended several recommendations, including : the need to use the strategy (Find Error), teaching the spelling of the second grade average, as well as use in other stages of study, and with the branches of the Arabic language, after experimenting.In order to complete this research, the researcher suggested conducting a number of studies, including : a study aimed at showing the effect of the strategy (Find Error) in the linguistic intelligence of middle school students.

الاخطاء النحوية الشائعة لدى تلاميذ المرحلة الابتدائية في العراق ومقترحات علاجها == The Common Grammatical mistakes of the pupils of the primary stages in Iraq and the suggestions to treat them ))

Author name: عبد الحسن عبد الامير احمد
Supervisor name: سعد علي زاير المسعراوي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Arabic Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: عد كثير من علماء اللغة العربية ، النحو من علوم اللسان العربي المهمة ، وهو ينزل من باقي علوم اللغة العربية بمنزلة القلب من الانسان ، والنحو يعصم اللسان من الخطوابه تشرح اسرار التركيب اللغوية ، وتوضح قوانين العربية ، وتبين اصول المقاصد الدلالية ، فيعرف الفاعل من المفعول والمبتدا من الخبر والمسند من المسند اليه 0 وقد شغلت قواعد اللغة العربية جل اهتمام علماء اللغة والباحثين فيها ، حتى كثر الكلام في القواعد النحوية ونشا الجدال فيها ، ومن هنا نشات المسائل النحوية ومذاهب النحاة في الاقطار ، فكانت العلل والشواهد وسرد الاسباب في النحو من السمات الاساسية التي تميزت بها دراسته منذ بدء تدوين العلوم 0 ثم تاثر النحاة بمنهج الفلاسفة ممزااد في المسائل النحوية تفرعهواتشعبها ، ثم تبع المتاخرون السابقين من العلماء فاكثروا من الاهتمام بعلوم اللغة عامة وبالنحو خاصة ، فالفوا المتون والشروح والحواشي على الشروح ، وغيرها مما الف من كتب نحوية ، كل ذلك لان العلماء تيقنوا ان النحو غرة العلوم العربية ، بل هو عمادها ، فهو وسيلة المستعرب ، وعماد البلاغي ، وذخيرة اللغوي ، واداة المشرع والمجتهد ، والاساس في العلوم العربية جميعها 0 وبعد هذا الاهتمام كله بعلم النحو وقواعده ، بات الكثير من المتعلمين والدارسين لا يستطيعون تجنب الخطا في الكلام والكتابة والوصول الى اتقان النحو وقواعده النحوية ، فبرزت وبشكل جلي ظاهرة الخطا النحوي وعدم الوصول الى حد التمكن في تعلمه وتعلم قواعده النحوية في كل مراحل التعليم ، ومن ضمنها المرحلة الابتدائية 0 وهذا ما حدا بالباحث الى دراسة الخطا النحوي الشائع لدى تلاميذ المرحلة الابتدائية في العراق ومحاولة وضع المقترحات العلاجية لها 0 ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة ، استعمل الباحث اختبارا عده بنفسه ليطبقه على تلامذة المرحلة الابتدائية ، مكون من ثلاثين فقرة ، وبعد التثبت من صدق الاختبار ، وثباته ، وصعوبة فقراته وسهولتها، وقوة تميزها ، طبقه الباحث على تلامذة الصف السادس الابتدائي ( عينة البحث ) التي اختارها من المدارس التابعة للمديريات العامة لتربيات محافظات بغداد / الكرخ الاولى ، وبغداد / الرصافة الاولى ، والموصل ، والبصرة.وقد بلغت عينة البحث ( 1600 ) تلميذ وتلميذة ، بواقع ( 800 ) تلميذ و( 800 ) تلميذة ، موزعة على المديريات الاربع بالتساوي ( 400 ) تلميذ وتلميذة من كل مديرية. ثم صحح الباحث اجابات التلاميذ عن فقرات الاختبار ، وتبين ان التلاميذ قد اخطاوا في الموضوعات المقررة في المنهج جميعها 0 ولم تظهر فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين اخطاء التلاميذ واخطاء التلميذات الا في سبعة موضوعات هي ( المبتدا ، والخبر ، وكان واخواتها ، والفعل المضارع ، والمثنى واعرابه ، والجملة الفعلية ، والفعل الماضي ) 0 وهذا ما يدل على ضعف شديد في النحو وقواعده النحوية عند تلامذة المرحلة الابتدائية 0 وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة استنتج الباحث ، ان التلاميذ قد اخطاوا في الموضوعات النحوية ثم ان الذكور والاناث كانوا يقتربون من بعضهم في الاخطاء النحوية ، وان كانت اخطاء الذكور اكثر ، كذلك لاحظ الباحث صعوبة الموضوعات النحوية التي تدرس في المرحلة الابتدائية 0 ثم اوصى الباحث في ضوء نتائج دراسته بما ياتي : ضرورة افادة الجهات المختصة من نتائج البحث من خلال زيادة الاهتمام بتدريس الموضوعات التي اخطا فيها التلاميذ ، وضرورة تصحيح المعلمين والمعلمات للاخطاء التي يقع فيها التلاميذ ، وضرورة التزام المعلمين باللغة الفصحى في اثناء التدريس ، وضرورة فتح دورات مستمرة لمعلمي اللغة العربية ومعلماتها لتعريفهم بطرائق التدريس الحديثة واساليبها ، وربط القواعد النحوية بالمعنى وتاكيد جانب الفهم والاستيعاب في تدريس النحو ، وتوظيف فروع اللغة العربية لمعالجة القواعد النحوية ما امكن ذلك ، والاكثار من دروس طرائق تدريس اللغة العربية في المعاهد والكليات 0 | Many Arabic linguists, regarded (( Grammar )) as one of the significant Arabic tongue sciences , and it has a strong an important relationship with the other sciences of Arabic language , it is just like the heart of the human body . Grammar prevents the tongue from making mistakes and expLain all the secrets of linguistic structures , and illustrate the Arabic language rules. It builds the origins of denotative intentions to distinguish between subject and object and between predicate and subject linguists and researchers in Arabic language were very interested in its basics . There fore , there were a lot of disagreements , the reason which led to the growing of the grammatical questions , and different principles of linguists in countries . So, reasons, proofs, and evidences in grammar were the most substantial features, which distinguished the study of this science from others. Then, the linguists were influenced by the texts of philosophers, the matter, that increased the divisions and subdivisions of grammatical questions, and consequently, the late linguists followed the precedents and they were very interested in all language sciences and especially Grammar. They innovated Al - mutoon which deals with the origins of Arabic language , also they innovated Al - shuruh and Hahiat Al - shuruh and 2other grammatical books . They did that grammar is the essence of all other Arabic sciences, the main assistant of rhetorician, it is the spine other sciences, The mean of the Arabist, the article of the linguist to legislate, and it is the base in all Arabic sciences . Although this interesting in Grammar and its bases, many learners and scholars were unable to avoid misakes in speaking, writing, and to control grammar and its bases. So, there appeared the grammatical mistake apparently, and the difficulty to be able learn it and to learn its grammatieal bases in all educational stages, including the primary stage definitely .It was the main reason that made the researcher to study the common grammatical mistake in primary stage in suggest certain things hoping to be a proper cure.To achiere this study, the researcher used a test , made it by himself to apply it on pupils . This test consists of 30 items . After being assured of its stability , credibility, and the eaziness and the difficulty of its items, and the power of its distinction, the researcher applied it on the pupils of the sixth stage. The researcher corrected the answers of the pupils about the items of the test. The results showed that the pupils made a lot of mistakes in the subjects of the textbook There were no important numberal differences between the mistakes of girls and boys except in seven subjects, in subject and predicate ((kan)) and its similars the present tense, ((dual)) verb phrase, and past tense.This denotes that there is a very serious weakness in Grammar and its bases in the sixth stage pupils. According to these results the researcher concluded that all the mistkes were gramatical, and the males and female were getting 3close to each other in their grammatical mistakes, although those of males were more than those of females Also he noticed hat there are difficulties in primary stage.Then, the rearcher according to those results, recommended : It is necessary for the specialized directions to get benefit of the results of the research through teaching the pupils the subject in which they made mistakes . Also, teachers must correct the mistakes which pupils fall in, and at the same time teachers must speak in sfandard Arabic language through teaching. There must be , also, a special lessons for teachers of Arabic language to learn the modern ways and manners of teaching Then there must be a join between the grammatical bases and meaning, and to concentrate on comprehesion and understanding in teaching Grammar. Also, all other sciences of Arabic language must be employed to assist the grammatical bases if possible. Finally, students have to have more lessons in ways of teaching Arabic language in institutes and colleges before being teachers.

الحركة العلمية في طليطلة الاسلامية 93 - 478هـ/711 - 1085م

Author name: مصطفى كامل محمد حمزة الشباني
Supervisor name: عبد الامير عبد حسين دكسن
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: توزعت الدراسة على اربعة فصول، تسبقها مقدمة ويعقبها عدة ملاحق تناول الفصل الاول، جغرافية طليطلة والفتح العربي الاسلامي فضلا عن السكان وبعض الجوانب الادارية والعمرانية والاقتصادية. والفصل الثاني تناول المؤسسات العلمية في طليطلة، وقسمناه على خمس فقرات هي | Arab conquests transformed to Al - Andlus the gross of scientific activities which the skilled in Quran science ,Hadith ,Feqah ,Linguistic sciences ,Social Sciences languages ,linguistic ,Philosophy ,history ,geography ,Prescience as medicine architecture.They established mosques ,and science houses.It was areal scientific centers which Moslems and people of these lands who did not understand anything in knowledge took from them.later they became competitor for main science center in Baghdad ,Cairo and Damascus.Importance of this subject emerges that Arabic Islamic conquests to Tulaitela city ( 93 H /711D) was historical transformation which changed events for Arab and Islam in western wing of Arabic and Islamic nation.This city had alead rule in scientific life of Al - Andalus privately and Europe in general elongates history specially in reign of it Arabic Moslems leaders who carry Arabic Islamic flay which was carried by Tariq Bin Ziad and Musa Bin Nussair ( dead on 97 H/ 715 D.C) and established its bases and expanded.its values. They filled the lamts of Islam and Arabic language and other science by the oil which make it more lightening and ability for existence and continuity with effectiveness in most lands of Andalus and Europe.The study is divided in to four chapters beginning by introduction.First chapter is about Tulaitela and Arabic Islamic conquest as well as population an some administrative building and economical sides.Second chapter is about Scientific institutions in Tulaitela and it was divided in to five sections : Moseques ,hous of children teaching ( Katateb) , libraries ,scientific councils and Tulaitela university.Thired chapter is about Tulaitela scientific heritage in various sciences.The nature of the research and over whelming date about third chapter make its papers more than other Although this appears unbalanced ,but it was necessary.Fourth chapter is about trips made by scientists of Tulaitela to Andalus cities and Islamic world cities and vise versa.The research provide his thesis by great number of resources : old ,new and translated resources as wall as many articles and study which erich the thesis
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الحياة الديمقراطية في السودان (1953 - 1969) == University Of Baghdad The Democratic Life Insudan ( 1953 - 1969 )

Author name: ابتسام محمود جواد العكيلي
Supervisor name: نشات كامل محمد العاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: واعدوا لهم ما استطعتم من قوة ومن رباط الخيل )سورة الانفال /الاية 60نظرا للتقدم العلمي والتقني في عصرنا هذا، وبناء نظريات واراء العلماء في اللياقة البدنية وتطورها بغية اداء الاعمال اليومية والاستمرار فيها من غير ان يشعر الانسان باجهاد او تعب والاستمرار في
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مظاهر الحزن في الشخصية من خلال الادب العراقي القديم : دراسة تاريخية == Sadness Phenomena In The Personality Via The Ancient Iraqi Literature( Historical Study)

Author name: مهدي ناهي مطير العقيلي
Supervisor name: غسان عبد صالح
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The subject of sadness in the personality , via the ancient Iraqi literature , is considered an essential subject worthy to be considered and to be searched historically. The current study is an attempt to understand the effect of the sadness on the historical events serials and its movements in Mesopotamia, along with the size of that effect. The study deals with the different sadness and its reasons in Mesopotamia via the literature texts.The study includes three chapters ,every chapter includes two researches , every research has many units. The chapter one has been assigned for the different types of sadness that have been dealt by the people of Mesopotamia as to express about their feelings owing to what they have suffered from their daily life. The 2nd research has been about the role of the environment's effect on sadness 's appear, where the environment of Mesopotamia was a harsh one that contributed into growing this phenomena. The chapter two has studied religious sides via the punishments ruled by the gods on the ancient populations of the Mesopotamia and the political factor plays in deepening this phenomena owing to the reiterated invasion faced by the Mesopotamia 's people by the neighbors. The chapter three has been assigned for studying the economic factor effectiveness due to getting control by force on the poor people 's lands ; the poor faced different kinds of oppressions that led to uphold the phenomena of sadness.The study has reached to a set of results , most importantly, sadness that being considered as an ancient one in the ancient Iraqi personality. This phenomena has not been considered as self - formed in the personality , but rather it has been formed by the surrounded conditions. This phenomena has not beennegative , but rather it has been a positive one that motived the people of Mesopotamia to alter their life and their reality and to exert the effort as to construct their eternal civilization. The sadness 's phenomena has not been in one form , but it was in different forms based on the distress and the reasons of sadness. Thus , the subject of sadness has occupied large part of their volumes , texts, whose owners have been efficient in writing and in describing this phenomena with sincerity
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جمعية عمر المختار 1943 - 1953 == Society Of Omar Al - Mukhtar 1943 - 1953

Author name: ياسمين محي عبد الرحيم الكناني
Supervisor name: ايمان جواد هادي البرزنجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of parties and associations is regarded as historical studies task, where it has a major role in the study of a State or a community of communities in addition to the detection of many important facts that were hidden by most historians, through documents unpublished maintained by ther privatecod by Assembly itself. In addition to give it a profile about personalities to the Assembly. Who joined the Society of Omar AL - Mukhtar is one of associations that have contributed significantly to change the course of the Libyan state, by their great effort in order to achieve the independence and the unity of the Libyan state in all its mandates, which rejected the major powers such as Great Britain and the United States as well as Italy, which tried hard to keep these States under control over all of Libya. The reasons for my choosing this subject is that Association in is different in its disciplines because it was Athletic Association, cultural, detective, out did not it become a political association, unit moving to Benghazi. In addition to its relationship with the Prince Sanusi, who became Honorary Prince and accepted all orientations in spite of the differences in some things, so the timeframe for a message is from 1943, where it travels to Benghazi and end in 1953 with the end of the secret work after it passing within stages and events and by Prince Sanusi, letter included four chapters in addition to the introduction and conclusion. The first chapter is dealt with parties and associations which were participated by most of the Libyan dignitaries in the Ottoman era and its impact on the birth of the Society of Omar Mukhtar, the most important associations are Freedom Party and the Alliance and the Association of the Covenant and the Committee of Union and Progress, as well as the associations that emerged in Syria and Egypt, led by Libyan dignitaries. The second chapter the researcher talked about the beginning of the origin of the Society of Omar al - Mukhtar in addition to its most important members, as well as the work of Al - Watan newspaper, and the basic law which was written in two phases. The third chapter focused on the attitudes of the Assembly upon referendum commission which visited Libya in addition to its position upon project Bevin - Sforza, who appeared after the Second World War, as well as the rule of Idriss on Cyrenaica and the chapter discussed the position of the Chapter Assembly towards the Arab issues. In the fourth chapter the researcher talked about sports and cultural activity for the Association of Omar Mukhtar from 1943 until 1953 and the main business carried out by the Assembly in all branches of the Libyan States. So proved this study proved that the idea of founding the Society of Omar al - Mukhtar had begun during World War II, particularly by immigrants who are in Arab countries, an idea that occurred to Mr. Asaad Arabi, which is based on the containment of young Libyans who are in Cairo, particularly after of non - objection by the Egyptian authorities. As the study revealed that the Assembly were not limited to sports and cultural activity, but beyond it to the political activity in addition to its categorical rejection of any contract treaties with major countries and the treaty in 1947, was a clear example of the rejection of the colonial policies. This study confirmed the unity of Libyan territory, without distinction between the States non independence of price state from the rest of the states. But its demand for independence and unity under its leader, Sanusi.
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موارد سبط بن العجمي (ت884هـ/1479م) ومنهجه في كتابه كنوز الذهب في تاريخ حلب == Ibn Al - Ajmi Tribe Of Resources (D. 884 AH / 1479 AD) And His Method In His Book The Treasures Of Gold In The History Of Aleppo

Author name: نعمة شكر محمود علي الجبوري
Supervisor name: نعمة شهاب جمعة اليوسف
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: From the former exposition of references and methodology of the author and what is related to it, It could have concluded the most important matters on which " Subt Ibn Al - Ajmi" paid huge concern in his Book " Kinuz Al - Thahab Fi Tarikh Halib" ( Treasures of Gold in the History of Aleppo). I could have concluded it in the following : The Book over mentioned is actually local encyclopedic composition and the author has divided it into two parts , in the 1st part, he planned for Aleppo during the period he has lived , while the 2nd part includes incidents and deaths during the period he contemporized. The author hugely concerned over mentioning references of his information either taken from an individual or from men of religion or doctrine or sect. He paid much attention on varying his methods as to get to the information from its sources as reading, listening and questions. He also has concerned over utterances and methods indicating to the contemporary and has given strength and reliability for his narrations. He did not cease at exposing and showing his narrations and information, but actually he mentioned many sources for the information and balanced between these narrations; besides always choosing the right one. The author is a skillful critic and being accurate in his narrations and writings. He relied on commitment that being considered as an indication for his concern on documentation. The author has bases and laws to accept narrations or refused them or to strengthen or weaken them. He cared to specify the narrator whom he took from, by showing that he descends from a specific country or from a definite doctrine. His text in many places and this indicated that he documented everything. Moreover, he interested the former studies and authors, asking for summary. He got back to books of history, wrote dates and news in addition to writing kinships, translations and poetry. This is indicated that he is prolific and varied in all domains. The author depends on the narrations preserved from the written narrations; he explained some maters and details concerning with the information.
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صبري العسلي ودوره السياسي في سورية (1903 - 1958) == Sabri Al - Asali And His Political Role In Syria (1903 - 1958)

Author name: نسرين فيصل داود
Supervisor name: ظاهر محمد صكر الحسناوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Many authors and researchers shed their attention on the history of Syria , which passed through significant events which had a huge effect in the history of the Arab Homeless therefore , The history of Syria was studied from all sides , especially by Syrian researchers in particular , and Arab researchers in general. However , there are characters which have great role in the events which Syria passed through , and which have not studied and highlighted objectively. Regardless of the roles and positions taken by those characters m but they have become of great significant , which the researcher cannot ignore them without concentrating on those characters , especially outside Syria m because the political situations in Syria were reflected on many researchers m who were not objective in their judgments on those characters we have mentioned , nad it was necessary to study the policy which sabri al - asali adopted in the history of Syria and its effect on the course of events , whether in Syria or the Arab surrounding. The character of sabri Al - asali represented an influential axis in the course of the politic vents not only in Syria , but also in the Arab area , nudging his attitude on the triple charter , Beside his outstanding role in revealing the murderers of Adnan Al Maliki. Which the western countries were responsible for is murder. Beside his role in the issue of suez and the support of Syria to Egypt in this serious issue , respite the warning of the western countries to Syria to participate , still Sabri Al - asali declared that Syria would support Egypt. The thesis aims to study the life of Sabri Al - asali and his prominent political activities the history of Syria , through reviewing his upbringing life , and emergence the course of events his implementing many actions on the internal and external veils and his attitudes about the serious and multiple rab issues. The thesis consists of an introduction , our chapters and a conclusion , The first chapter discuss the origion of the family of Sabri Al - asali , his life activities his attributes and the start of his political activity through the great Syrian revolution in 1925 against the French occupation and joining the rationalist Action league , then joining the national block m and contributing in the elections of 1943 , the contributing in the Syrian ministries , especially minis interior. In the second ministry of fares Al - khoury in 1945 a minister of justice in the third ministry of fares Al - khoury in 1945 , then as aminister of interior once again in 1946 in the ministry of daadallah Al - jabr then joining the national party to become asecretary in 1947 , and his participating in the ministry of Jamil Mardam in 1948 , and the attitude of the National party from the coup of Hosni AL - Zaeem , also the attitude of the National party from the coup of sami AL - Hinawi in 1949. The second chapter deals with the attitude of al - Asali from the combination of 1950 and his attitude from the Ministry of the people‘s party , also the combination of his first ministry in 1954. AL - Asali role in the Arab - syrian relationships, Handling the Internal proticipation in the elections of the minisry of Saeed AL - Ggazzi. As well as the third chapter deals with studying the second ministry of Sabri AL - Asali in 1955, and the position of the ministry from the international alliances, The Internat policy of the ministry ,The Amenric and Bmerican and pressures, on the government of AL - Asali ؛ The Egyptian Support to the attitude of Syria from Baghdad pact and AL - Maliki alliance, Sabri AL - Asali had a role in prosecuting the murders of Adnan AL - Moliki, and the resignation of the ministry. The fourth chapter traces the third ministry of Sabri AL - Asali in 1956, Nehru and Shbelor in Damascus, The Approach of the third ASalian Ministry, The actirity from the internal disagreements in the Military Institution, The Syrian attitude from the nationalization of the Suez canal the ministry and the development of events in the middle east the aggravation of the third ministry in 1975 the attitude of the ministry from Eisenhower doctrine ,new development In The Syrian - Egyptian Relationships New Development To The Iraq - Syrian Relationships Development of The internal Situation in Syria , The Israeli - Arab Conflict ,The Policy of Positive Neutrality , the Deterioration of Relationships With The Arab - Gorden - Iraq - Egypt and Syria Al - Asali as Advice president to the Unity State , The Resignation of Al - Asali and his quitting The political life.
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يهود الفلاشا في اثيوبيا (1950 - 1991) : دراسة تاريخية == The Flasha Jewish (1950 - 1991) Historical Study

Author name: ميرفت عبد الكاظم ياسين العامري
Supervisor name: احسان علي حسين الشمري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The Jewish encyclopedia defines the “Ethiopia Flasha Jewish” as troupe descending from Jewish origin , related to one of religion Jewish classes based on old era and external books “bookriva” (the undependable book and other religious books which appeared after the finish of old era record , after appearing the Zionism movement , the attention of Jewish of denomination throughout of World in order to gather it Zionists movement , hence it becomes necessary to study these denominations ,then recognize and identifies their situations and their political , economic and social rule. whereas attraction of Flasha Jewish improve its reputation which characterized , somewhat , by racism.The study divided into introduction ,three chapters and conclusion. the first chapter deals with the naming , historical origin of Flasha Jewish of its correlation with Zionists movement until 1948 , in section one is about naming and geographical distribution in Ethiopia , section two is about historical origin of Flasha Jewish and migration to Ethiopia , while the section three is about Flasha Jewish and its correlation with Zionists movement until 1948.The second chapter deals with social symbols and economic and political activity of Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia , in section one is about doctrines , traditions and folklore of Flasha Jewish. Section two talks about economic and political activity of Ethiopia Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia. While section three bout the prolegomenon of migration in Ethiopia to Israel (1977 - 1950). The third chapter deals with Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia and their relationship with Israel (1990 - 1977). in section one is the growth of Israel immigration (1990 - 1980). section two is the economic and social activity - the economic and military activity , the third chapter is the thought of return condition and reverse migration.Conclusion 1. Religious believes : they don’t belief of Talmud.only belief in external Asfar 2. There is no political rule for Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia as being oppressed minority and semi - restricted socially.3. Economically and socially : the Flasha Community is isolated one , the economic rule of Flash don’t exceed the agricultural rule , they are tribal community , most of them practicing agriculture as farmer , also working on crafts like making cracks and spinning ,which considers as scornful crafts for Ethiopic.4. The thesis reveals the Zionist organization activity : in addition to Jewish agency that works beside United States , by making contracts with Ethiopic government and working to convince Flasha Jewish to migrate to Israel.5. Flasha Jewish in the other hand are scornful and can’t get respected occupations in society , those people realized that promised land is not milk and honey , obviously the Flasha Jewish civilians is third degree in military fields which pushes them to think about return and reversed migration
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الحارث المحاسبي : دراسة تاريخية

Author name: منار كزار قطان الغراوي
Supervisor name: عبد الحسين مهدي الرحيم
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: وزعت الرسالة على اربعة فصول، خصصنا الفصل الاول منها لدراسة نشاة الحارث المحاسبي وحياته العلمية، فتحدثنا فيه عن كل ما يتعلق او يتصل بحياة ونشاة المحاسبي، وقد اشتمل على مبحثين، الاول، سلط الضوء على نشاة الحارث المحاسبي، فيما عقد الثاني لحياته العلمية بما في | The Islamic Arabic history has been updating with many outstanding personalities whose thought , behaviors and opinions lead to problematic matters that couldn’t be interpreted along with its motifs.Moreover , the most of these personalities remained searching for a guidance to be guided to the truth , and being crystallized along with their cultural and mental compositions. The owner of such personality is Al - Harith Al - Muhasibi (243 A.H - 857 A.D ) whose thoughts are still vital despite he lived in the ( 3rd A.H) /( 9 th D. A). If we hold a Blanca between some of modern educational and psychological concepts and the opinions which he called for in respect with education and teaching , we find that he was precedent one in the give field. Also he tried to find out a new school in ( Monasticism) that preserved Islamic Arabic impression depending on holy - Quran and sunna through fighting Monasticism habits , that provided over during his age , like Al Etihad and Hilul and oters of western doctrines which controlled the (Monasticism) since the end of the century ( A.H ) / ( 8th A.D).The thesis is of (4 ) chapters.The First chapter includes the life of Al - Harith Al - Muhasibi and include two titles.The first title sheds the light on the bringing up of Al Muhasibi along with his autobiography. The second one talks about his old age , disputes and lectures along with his students. The second chapter is devoting to talk about the age of Al - Muhasibi and his method in monasticism also its includes two title.The first title is about Al - Muhasibi age and the second specializes in Al - Muhasibi method in resect in with monasticism. The Third chapter deals with the scientific heritage of Al - Muhasibi in which the researcher handles the most outstanding books of Al - Muhasibi along with sketches and printing. While the ( 4) th chapter aims at Al - Muhasibi method regarding education and teaching
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حركة الحقوق المدنية للزنوج في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية 1953 - 1968 == The Civil Rights Movement Of The Negroes In The United States Of America(1953 - 1968)

Author name: مريم عبد علي حمدان الساعدي
Supervisor name: علي محمد كريم المشهداني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis describes the significant events of the Civil Rights Movement from1953 - 1968 in the United States essentially began the same time that the country did. Beginning with the Abolitionist movement to end the “peculiar institution” of slavery, through the Civil War and Reconstruction, and into the Industrial Age, the United States has always grappled with the problem of race, wars and manifested itself in other forms. There were many valiant attempts during the Twentieth Century to improve the state of race relations, but all of them were doomed to minimal success. In the 1950s, a series of several victories in the courts engineered by Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund culminated in the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision seemed to open the floodgates for change The case, which struck down the 1896 precedent of “separate but equal”, established in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson marked the beginning of the erosion of entrenched systematized segregation. This decision was really the beginning of the modern Civil Rights Movement, marked with effective protest and actual results. There would have been no Civil Rights Movement.” The Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955 - 56 was one of the earliest events in the modern Civil Rights Movement. Under the leadership of MIA (Montgomery Improvement Association) President Martin Luther King Jr. Blacks used the nonviolent resistance technique of a mass boycott on the city bus system. After a protracted campaign, the Montgomery Improvement Association forced the end of segregation on public transit in the city. King, who was quite interested in social justice and equality, saw that he had the model for bringing about the end of Jim Crow in the South. Meanwhile in Little Rock, tensions were building in 1957 as Arkansas attempted to comply with the Brown decision. That fall, as the plan of integration was being carried out, violence erupted. President Eisenhower was forced to federalize the Arkansas National Guard and call in regular US Army troops to allow nine teenage children the right to attend school, lessons of Montgomery and Little Rock and use nonviolent resistance tactics to educate the nation to the racial injustice that was rampant in the South.The years from 1960 to 1965 were the high mark of the modern Civil Rights Movement. Under the leadership of Dr. King’s organization, SCLC, the Movement managed to change the nation.In 1962 in Albany, Georgia, SCLC and SNCC attempted to wage the first large scale campaign to secure integration of public facilities and voting rights in the city. The Albany Sheriff knew what the campaign was designed to do, provoke him and his men into violence, thus Prichett used nonviolence to combat nonviolence, therefore, stymieing the efforts of King and his supporters. King knew that in the wake of failure at Albany, the Movement needed to do something profound in 1963. Little could he have dreamed that it was the events of that year that would result in Congress passing the following year meaningful civil rights legislation for the first time since Reconstruction. In 1963, SCLC decided to implement a campaign in Birmingham, Alabama. Here they met their desired result, as police chief Bull Connor reacted in the manner SCLC anticipated. The mass arrests of protesters were accompanied by the use of fire hoses and police dogs, and the nation watched the coverage on television, stunned. Violence got so bad that President Kennedy was forced to station troops in various parts of the state to be used if the situation did not calm down. By the summer of 1963, with Kennedy’s Civil Rights Bill on the floor of Congress, civil rights organizations staged the March on Washington to apply pressure to the government. With 250,000 marchers standing in front of the Lincoln Memorial, King gave his legendary “I Have a Dream” speech. That September, tragedy once again occurred in Birmingham, as a bomb killed four Black girls at the 16th Street Baptist Church. Violence erupted, and by the end of the day six people were dead. In November 1963 John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas and Lyndon Johnson became President. Johnson’s legislative skills aided in passing Kennedy’s bill, and in 1964, President Johnson signed into law the Civil Rights Act of 1964.5 On the heels of a victory in Birmingham, King’s next focus was voting rights. While launching the statewide Alabama Project, SCLC decided to stage a campaign in Selma.Alabama. Dallas County Sheriff Jim Clark harbored many of the racist values of Bull Connor, and once again SCLC planned on exposing the violence of the police to demonstrate the evils of Jim Crow. In this campaign, the movement was emphasizing the injustice of being deprived of the right to vote. The campaign went smoothly until March 7, 1965. While beginning a planned march to the state capital, the marchers were routed by police with tear gas, cattle prods, and billy clubs. “Bloody Sunday” was the turning point. The march went on, and as President Johnson was forced to get involved, he decided that the time was now right to force a voting rights bill through Congress. His Administration had been stalling on sending more civil rights legislation to Congress, but Johnson decided that King had given him a perfect opportunity to pass a voting rights bill. The President turned out to be correct, and on August 6, 1965, Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act. 1966 saw waves of protests at universities across the country.however, the civil rights movement has focused on the achievement of equal rights for African - Americans through the end of legal segregation and achieve voting rights. The movement against less focused and tangled war closely with the counterculture, and show their opposition to the Vietnam War as part of a wider movement range to convert the country.King was assassinated on April 4, 1968. Riots broke out in more than 110 cities across the United States in the days thatfollowed, notably in Chicago, Baltimore, and in Washington, D.C. The damage done in many cities destroyed black businesses. The day before King's funeral, April 8, Coretta Scott King and three of the King children led 20,000 marchers through the streets of Memphis, holding signs that read, "Honor King : End Racism" and "Union Justice Now. On April 9 Mrs. King led another 150,000 in a funeral procession through the streets of Atlanta ;The African - American Civil Rights Movement 1953 - 1968 refers to the social movements in the United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against black Americans and restoring. rights to them.
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عبد اللطيف البغدادي ودوره السياسي في مصر حتى عام 1964 == Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi And His Political Cole In Egypt Until 1946

Author name: مروة ابراهيم مصطفى حسين المعموري
Supervisor name: بيداء علاوي شمخي جبر الشويلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Many authors and researchers shed their largest attention an the history of Egypt , As one of the important Arab countries, which has the greatest effect in the events witnessed by the Arab world, Therefore the history of Egypt was studied from all sides and in different Eras, Especially by the Egyptian researchers particular and Arab researchers in general , However. The events of Egypt , chinch have not studied and highlighted objectively , egardless of the roles and positions taken by those character but they have become of great significance , which the searcher cannot ignore them without concentrating on the characters, especially outside Egypt, because the political situation in Egypt maybe were reflected on a number researcher who were not objective in their judgments those characters. Abdul hatif is the most prominent of those characters we have mentioned , The need is essential to study his administration and attitudes in the Egyptian politics , because he contributed greatly to the revolution of Egypt 1952 and defended it. As he was the most prominent its men. Who defended the achievements of that evolution in critical circumstances experienced by the evolution during (1952 - 1964). Abdul Latif distinguished comall of his colleagues, men of the revolution, by his imitable ability to accomplish, So he was able to develop me appropriate plans to implement projects, Known for is high degree of self - confidence and dignity, that was me biggest reason. for the successive disagreements between him and Jamal Abdul Nasser, Which mede him mentally quits the political action Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi took over five different ministries at the level of ministerial action. As well as the position of vice resident , that position which oblige him to supervise so many different sectors of the state. He also had the high prestige among his colleagues and in the conscience of the people , his name was related with genuine and rapidly achievement. The thesis tried to answer several quiries the most prominent were the causes of disagreement between Abdul Latif AL - Baghdadi and Jamal Abdul Nasser and the accuracy of what had sever. Historians mentioned about the fear of Jamal Abdul Nasser from the power and influence of Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi which was the reason behind his quitting the alitcal action because Jamal Abdul Nasser imposes his opinions always in mast decisions , which resulted from that a bad relation ship between Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi and Jamal Abdul Nasser , there were numeral harassment after his recent resignation in 1964.The thesis consists of four chapters and a conclusion, the first chapter was entitled "the emergence of Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi and his entering the political world", and this chapter deals with his life, emergence, his entering the Military college his promotion in the military service, the emergence of the organization of aviation officers in 1940, his participation in the war of Palestine against the Zionist entity in 1948, and his role in regulating the liberal officers which he participated in after the war. While the second chapter was entitled" the role of Al - Baghdadi in the revolution of 23 of July 1952 - 1954", through studying the main issues which was Egypt suffering from before the evolution and made him and his colleagues to start the revolution, Al - Baghdadi took over the responsible of flying in the mooring of 23 of July over the sky of Cairo and Alexandria in order to control the situation and his presided over the revolutionary court , which we formed in 1953, to trial those accused in betraying the homeland , or against its safety insid and outside or those who help in the corruption of the government , as well , the chapter includes the crisis of march and the outcome represented by the conflict of the members of the revolutionary command council with Mohamed maguey and the disagreement between Jamal Abdul Nasser and Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi who made Al - Baghdadi submits his first resignation. The third chapter was entitled "Al - Baghdadi and his took over the legislative and executive duties", it reviews the role of Al - Baghdadi in the formation of the Egyptian government from (1953 - 1957), accompanied by responsibilities and accomplishments and the subsequent proposals in the national union and the issuance of nationalization resolutions in 1961 the so - called" the social revolution and his entering the parliamentary elections which resulted in his presided over the national Egyptian assembly while.The fourth chapter was entitled "Al - Baghdadi and his position on the course of events and the internal political developments in Egypt", it reviews the evacuation agreement and the triple aggression on Egypt in 1956, Al - Baghdadi accompanied Jamal Abdul Nasser thoroughly the period of the war , As well as the chapter includes the efforts for the establishment of Egyptian - Syrian unity in (1958 - 1961) that emanated the united Arab republic are his role in it the formation of the boad of presidency in Egypt after the secession had ahuge effect in the determination of Al - Baghdadi to quit and not to return to politics once again.
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التعليم في اليابان (1868 - 1912) == Education In Japan (1868 - 1912)

Author name: مثنى عبد الجبار عبود
Supervisor name: وليد عبود محمد
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Education is a reflection to society background, philosophy and history, as well as its development and horizons for its future prospects and aspirations. In this respect, the Japanese experience has become an example that should be followed to achieve improved didactic and scientific performance. This success has been achieved so quickly that it has made Japan one of the most advanced countries. Though having a small area, tough geographical conditions and high population density, and lacking raw materials, Japan has managed to make the brains of its citizens a substitution to face lack of natural and materialistic resources. This has positively reflected on its economy growth and on its social, educational, and cultural development.There are two reasons for selection of this topic (Education in Japan 1768 - 1912) : first, it is one of the most successful experiences in the world since everyone agrees that the Japanese experience and its didactic development is an integrated and exceptional human effort which has drawn the attention and interest of the entire world. Japan, the Asian country, has broken the rule that development is associated with the West and there is no hope to enjoy development unless a person is a foreigner or an expatriate. So, this experience deserves not only to be studied once; rather, many studies should deal the educational policy of Japan. Second, most academic studies on Japan have focused on the political and economic sides and overlooked the social side of which education is the most important pillar and the effective channel in the state policy and community. To underline this, most political and economic problems are attributed to education problems. Besides, development in developed countries is considered an equilateral triangle (political, economic and social “educational” development). It is known that development of the social aspect positively reflects on the political and economic aspects, and vice versa. Thus, education is pivotal in the development process in any developed country including Japan. The period covered by the thesis is 1868 - 1912; the first date (1868) is the date of accession of Emperor Mutsuhito (1868 - 1912) to the throne. The reign of this Emperor is known is Meiji. He was committed to the fifth principle of the Imperial Charter Oath : “Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world so as to strengthen the foundations of imperial rule”. This Charter marks the end of two centuries of solitude. It has made Japan open to international and regional countries. The second date represents end of the Meiji Era where Japan reached to an advanced stageof education development. Japan completed the foundation of the education structure starting from kindergartens to imperial universities.The hypothesis that the thesis deals with is an attempt to explore and analyze data and information about the development of education in Japan up to 1912, and review its basic elements and key factors of its rise. It also explores the effect of struggle between traditional and modern education, and plans developed by the government and stance of the Emperor to these plans. The researcher adopted the scientific, analytical and historical approach, and tried to reconcile between the historical sequence and unity of subject to reach objective and accurate answers. The thesis consists of four chapters, conclusion and annexes. The first chapter deals with roots of education in Japan up to 1868. It involves three topics : the first one tracks development of education during the reign of Nara and Heian (710 - 1185), changes in the reigns of Kamkura and Muromachi (1185 - 1568), and reign of Azuchi Momoyama (1568 - 1600). The second topic include education in the era of early Tokugawa (1600 - 1853); it shows the educational policy adopted by the shogun Ieyasu Tokugawa (1603 - 1615) to reform education; explores his disputes with opponents; reviews the effect of solitude of Japan of education during the years 1616 - 1786; and outlines the effect of tribal schools and First Opium War on education (1787 - 1853). The third topic focuses on reviewing development of Education in the Tokugawa Era (1853 - 1868), outlining the effect of Perry expedition in wakening up the Japanese nation of the dormant Chinese thinking, directing them to explore mysteries of modern western education and sciences (1853 - 1868), and getting acquainted with the role of foreign missionaries and Japanese scholars in the development of education (1859 - 1868) and their role in introducing modern sciences which had contributed to preparing Japanese education elite that, in turn, encouraged Japanese to the west, resulting in increased scholarships to the west and Europe to get closer picture of the development of modern science (1863 - 1868).The second deals with the beginnings of modern education in Japan (1868 - 1877). It includes three topics; the first involves the attempts to reform government education as a result of a call by the Meiji Emperor in 1868, and the effect of his call to open old schools and seeking foreign assistance to develop and modernize these schools. The second topic deals with education modernization projects, including establishment of the Ministry of Education and development of the first Educational Plan (Gakusei), as well as the lwakura expedition and its impact on revising the Educational Plan and encouraging women education and establishment of educational associations. The third topic copes with teacher preparation, establishment of normal schools for female and male teachers, development of curricula, and problems facing implementation of the plan.Chapter three tackles establishment of the Japan University and development of education plans (1877 - 1885). It includes three topics. The first topic involves establishment of Japan University and development of a proposed second National Education Plan (1877 - 1880). It also includes an overview of the impact of People for Liberty Movement and stance of the Emperor of this Movement. Topic two deals with the steps for the review and development of the third National Education Plan (1880 - 1885). Topic three involves development of the fourth Education National Plan (1885 - 1890), its announcement, implementation and stance of the Emperor to it. Chapter four tackles development of modern education in Japan (1890 - 1912). It includes three topics; the first highlights development of the education system in primary schools by issuance of new legislation. These include kindergartens and primary and secondary schools. The second chapter sheds light on the education system in the secondary schools, normal schools which graduate professional staff to meet the need of education expansion in primary and intermediate schools and vocational schools and its impact on the Japan economy, as well as, female high schools and their role on the education of women. The third topic deals with the development of high education institutions which are preparatory schools for those wishing to complete study after university; it also deals with private schools and imperial universities since these are high academic institutions for graduating social, economic and administrative elites to serve in and develop different state institutions.The researcher used considerable number of references, official Japanese documents developed in English by the Ministry of Education, as well as many other documents, letters, Arabic and English theses, periodic both magazines and newspapers. The Arabic and Foreign books, researches and studies, and foreign encyclopedias have contributed so much to this thesis by providing valuable information
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الداعي الاسماعيلي ناصر خسرو وعلاقته بالخلافة الفاطمية == The Ismaili Preacher Nasser Khosrow And Its Relationship To The Fatimid Caliphate

Author name: ماجد حميد رشيد
Supervisor name: غنية ياسر كباشي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Featuring Ismaili sect from the rest of the Islamic doctrines and preaching difference structure, organization and sophisticated. While disappeared advocacy organizations affiliated Islamic Umayyad teams during the two (40 - 132h / 660 - 749m) and Abbasid (132 - 656h / 749 - 1258m) led after the purpose of the establishment of a religious entity - a political difference to those groups, continued imams and preachers Ismailis to maintain this institution and the development of knowledge as the vital nerve of the doctrine, without which strengthened the call and continued survival.Whereas the Fatimid state had, on the basis of which the policy is intertwined with religion, to the extent that every political organization in this country, it was a reflection of the spirit of the Fatimid doctrine itself, until it became, believe an example of religious states in Islam, This invitation "was the backbone of this state, and the most important thing distinguishes itself from other Islamic regimes have looked to call a sacred institution and a religious duty practiced it faithfully and activity, and sought to power in order to be able to achieve this goal, safe and easy, they were looking at them It was a lot for them as an ideological weapon of the system.Caliph was the "imam" Fatimid chooses from among his supporters most powerful tongue, and believe them Jnana, and Olhnhm argument, and Ogzarhm note Vigolh in the position of calling for it following the status of the Imam of the confessional, relying in that much from any Holy Qur'an interpretation of the meaning (O prophet! Truly We have sent , thee s a witness , a Bearer of Gold Tidings , and Warner (45) And as one who invites to Allah (46) `s (grace) by His leave , and as a lamp spreading light) and any Holy Qur'an interpretation of the meaning (Invite (all) to the way of thy lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching , and argue with them in ways that are best and most gracious , for thy lord knoweth best , who have strayed from his path , and who receive guidance). That was our choice for the study of personality, "the Ismaili Nasser Khosrow (d. 481 AH / 1088 AD) and its relation to succession of the Fatimid" not to mention the ideological side "in the Fatimid state" as one of the Ismaili dignitaries, one talent evident owners in the political and religious messages field across the Fatimid call Aban Fatimid rule, in "the fifth century AH / atheist century AD" and who spent years of his life in the Caliph Al - Mustansir Billah "427 - 487h / 1036 - 1094m service." Preacher who is vested with a variety of tasks, administrative, diplomatic, religious, has arrived to the top of the shrine, an advocate and an argument Persia and Khorasan in the Fatimid invitation. The conduct of research was required to be having four classes led by an introduction, followed by a conclusion showed the most significant results, and proven sources and references that were adopted in the preparation of the message.The introduction : he mentioned the importance of the subject and the reasons for his choice, and the research plan and the approach that I walked it. Devoted the first chapter to the study of biography and scientific Nasser Khosrow, as touched upon in the first section to : the biography of his life (his name, lineage, his nickname, his birth, his family, and growing up, and his death), and in the second section of his travels, and in the third section touched on the scientific status, indicating the His printed and manuscript, and the views of the scientists. And I ran to the second chapter has dealt with the Ismaili da'wa in Khorasan in the fifth century AH / atheist century AD, has been included on the three sections, too, it was at the forefront of those detectives Ismaili da'wa in Khorasan during the era of Nasser Khosrow, and the second section preachers who Asarham Nasser Khosrow, The third chapter Achtmt Balambges assets Ismaili doctrine from the standpoint of calling for Nasser Khosrow. Then I ran to the third quarter, which was entitled calling Nasser Khosrow and its relation to succession of the Fatimid, it has included three sections, covered in the first section of succession Al - Mustansir Billah and the crown prince, and in the second section of Cairo in the era of Nasser Khosrow, and in the third section the offices of the state administration and fees and celebrations. And another classroom fourth quarter in which public life in Egypt dealt with through text Nasser Khosrow trip, which included a three axes , namely : First : Army, Navy , and secondly : economic conditions , and thirdly social conditions.The letter highlights the conclusion of the most important findings after a comprehensive study of the subject good and thorough study , also caused appendixes and appended a list of sources and references relied upon in keeping with the traditions of theses. It has faced several difficulties, in the forefront of all the works of Nasser Khosrow written by the Persian language, and did not stand on the interpreter of which only three books did not find enough male and adequate for the life of Nasser Khosrow in basic references and we had sometimes rely on modern references, which may be due burning processes for many of the books of Shiites in general, especially in the east and Ismailia practiced by many of the Islamic Orient rulers anti - Ismaili, the most prominent day ordeal Ismailia grand a year (331 AH / 942 AD) as well as what he has done Mahmud of Ghazni (361 - 421h / 971 - 1030m) as well as what he did to the Mongols the year (654 AH / 1256 CE). Historical descriptive approach was adopted based on the analysis of some of the information and criticism and comparing opinions, to get to the facts, has necessitated the nature of the study rely on a variety of historical resources and doctrinal and moral geography.
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عبد الحسن زلزلة ودوره الاقتصادي والدبلوماسي == Abdul Hassan Zalzala Economic And Diplomatic Role

Author name: لمى محمود رشيد العبيدي
Supervisor name: عفراء عطا عبد الكريم الريس
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study deals with the character of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala as homage to this figure which has contributed in his intellectual role to confront the political and economic phenomena of the era following the monarchy (the republican era). This stage of history includes many of the political, economic and social events on the national and Regional levels. Among the negative phenomena which Abdul - Hassan Zalzala is putting the right solutions for the problems. That appeared in his economic proposition in relation to the financial economic aspect inherited from the monarchy regime. He focused on the relation of Iraq to the sterling zone and the effect of that on the political structure of the country. That person worked in the shades and was not concentrated on because of his nature and one side and the overwhelming of other people on the other. The study is divided into an introduction, a preface, four chapters and a conclusion. The Preface entitled “Abdul - Hassan Zalzala the Family upbringing and the social and intellectual character,” also which we tackled the cultural and intellectual composition. Chapter One traced the beginnings of the work of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala in the state of Iraq and his political attitudes in some of the internal issues. It includes a brief account of his work in Iraq and some of the attitudes towards the internal political issues. Chapter Two studies the propositions of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala in the structure of the Iraqi economy. It includes the relation of Iraq with the Sterling zone and the monetary opinions of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala. Chapter Three is devoted to the views of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala of the Arab economic integration and his intellectual products in the economic field. It includes the common Arab work and the chapter also shows the most outstanding writings of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala in the economic field. The study was concludes with Chapter Four by treating the activity of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala in the diplomatic career and his work in the Arab League. It includes the work of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala as an ambassador in Iran and Egypt and the Arab League 1976 - 1988. Abdul - Hassan Zalzala did not ignore in his opinions the Arab side and the burden on the political decision to condense the common Arab work and the development of the light of a comprehensive integrated imagining putting the national aims in the advance position, specially the interior developmental aim is the first obstacle for achieving the required development. He sees that when speaking about the Arab common integration, we should put in advance the efforts made to achieve this Arab common integration which did not become at best in the form of economic cooperation. It is very minor compared to the relations of the Arabs with the external world. The opinions and proposes of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala and his attitudes towards some of the political issues is undoubtedly represent reform course that represents solutions to these to say the least.
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الامام جعفر الصادق (عليه السلام) واثره في العلوم النقلية والعقلية == Imaam Jafaar Al - Sadiq ( Peace Be Upon Him) And His Effect In The Trasitional And Intellectual Sciences

Author name: قائد كامل حميد البندر التميمي
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم خيطان حسن الياسري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Imam Jafaar Al - Sadiq (Be Peace Upon Him) is considered an outstanding phenomenon in the throughout the history of various sciences and knowledge.He was a pioneer of his peers in both the transitional and intellectual sciences.Such a position had its effect on his students and his close friends who are considered nowadays as the most salient figures such as Abu Hanifa Al - Nuaman , the legal advisor of Iraq ,Mlik Ibn Anas ,the legal advisor of Al - Madinah, Jabir Bin Hayan, the famous chemist , Hisham Bin Al - Haqam the famous theologist ,etc. The era of Imam Jafaar Al - Sadiq (Be Peace Upon Him) was considered the golden one ,from which the history can be detected.Such an Imam had acquired all good virtues , honor, and Pioneering.He was one of the great scholars who had renewed the message of the Prophet Mohammed (Be Peace Upon Him) in its implication and content ,giving life a fresh look. This study is divided into four chapters ,in each there are different topics and a conclusion as shown below.In the Introduction, a brief biography of the Imam is presented ,for he had lived and was a witness in important stage of the Islamic history which coincided with the fall of the unjust Amawi State ,and the rise of Bani Al - Abass State.In such a periodImam Jafaar Al - Sadiq (Be Peace Upon Him)had successfully been able to raise many generations of scholars and jurists and to spread and teach the real religion through such good groups of people.Chapter One is entitled'' The Scientific Echoes of Some Aspects of Knowledge '',and is divided into three topics.In the first topic is concerned with the Scientific Centers established by the Imam in Al - Madinah and Kufa.The second topic deals with the scientific councils ,those of Dictation and Debates.The third topic is related to those families and houses in which knowledge and science are studied.The fourth topic is mainly focused on the thought and scientific heritage of the Imam (Be Peace Upon Him).Chapter Two is mainly devoted to the scientific sciences with five topics.The first one is concerned with the sciences of the Holy Quran ,showing the most salient those who recite the Holy Quran ,taught by Imam Jafaar Al - Sadiq (Be Peace Upon Him).The second topic deals with the Prophet Traditions ,rising the Imam role in selecting the real Tradition (Hadith) from the fake one ,with reference to the most outstanding students in such a field.The third topic is devoted to Jurisprudence providing its definition in language reformation , showing the opinions of the Imam in inventing the legal judgment.The fourth topic is related to Sufism with a precie definition for such a science and the Imam's views.This is because in such an era ,mysticism was prevailing which ,as the Imam thought , formed a dangerous phenomenon which prevent development in life in all aspects.Also, this topic includes the most famous mystical figures who were contemporary with the Imam and told much about him.The fifth topic is primarily concerned with Theology and its effect on those who made violations which were faced by the Imam through his close friends such as Mu'man Al - Taq and Hisham Bin Al - Hakam.Chapter Three is mainly devoted to the significant effect left by the Imam in the Human Sciences (Humanities ) with three topics.The first one deals with literature (poetry and prose).In such a field , the Imam was always encouraging his friends, students and followers to write elegies about his grandfather ,Imam Hussein( Be Peace Upon Him) ,and describing Al - Taff Disaster in a delicate and literary style ,some of them are Al - Kumait and Al - Saied Al - Hamyari.Also, this topic includes Morphology which had received more attention from the Imam in precisely explaining the items of such a science.This can be approved by how Al - Khalil Bi Ahmed Al - Farheedi ( 179 A. H. - 795 A.D.) had made a deduction from this science and added it to his Book ''Al - Ain ''.Next in this topic ,the researcher surveys the role of the Imam in languages in mastering ,like other members of the family of the Prophet Mohammed (Be Peace Upon Him) ,many of them like Persian ,Hebrew, and others spoken and written.The second topic is related to History and Genealogy.In this sense, the Imam was considered the first who studied the stories and history critically and instructed his students to consider them by reason or mind , purifying them from both myths or legends.In this way, a number of his students had been famous in such a field such as Jabir Bin Yazid A - l - Jaafi ,Mussa Bin Oqbah ,and others.The third topic is mainly devoted to Philosophy focusing on the effect of the Imam in such a science and was the firstwho established the major schools of Philosophy which were attended by the philosophers themselves and their students as Al - Hassan Al - Basri ,the fouder of the school of philosophy in Basrah ,as well as Bin Attaa' the founder of the school of Al - Mu'zallah. Chapter Four signifies the role played by the Imam in the intellectual sciences ,with four topics.The first one deals with the sciences of Medicine and Pharmacology in which the Imam had contributed much that the scientists in these days have discovered which in fact had been tackled by the Imam especially in the field of herbals and its benefits and harms on the person's health.The second topic is concerned with Chemistry and the role of the Imam in such a science and what he had instructed his student ''Jabir Bin Hayan'' The third topic is devoted to Astronomy with what the Imam had huge knowledge in such a science.The fourth topic is related to Physics ,revealing how the Imam had discussed Aristotle's view in this sense ,as well as the Imam's father opinion ''Al - Baqir (Peace Be Upon Him ) in that the Universe consists of four elements : soil, water, air ,and fire.The Imam showed his wandering that Aristotle didn't paid enough attention to the fact that all these elements cannot be divided ,i.e. are not simple elements.The researcher has come up with specific conclusions on the role and effect of the Imam Jafaar Al - Sadiq (Be Peace Upon Him) in both the transitional and intellectual sciences.In addition ,the current research has required consulting to various references to trace what had the Imam had written himself or what had been narrated from him in deferent sources in different knowledge. The first of such resources are the basic books in history.This is becausewhat had been narrated from the Imam are clear explained in the different stages of history starting from the message of Islam era and up to the First Abassi's era ,consulting the major books by Al - Yaa'qubi,Al - Tabbari,Al - Massoudi,Ibn Katheer,and others ,tracing back all the texts dealt with in this research.As long as the books of translation are concerned and the men who accomplished them are of high significance in this research because they have revealed many of the narrators who had told much of the Imam works such as Al - Najashi,Al - Toossi,Al - Kishi,and others. From such figures many important texts have been discovered which reflected significant aspects of the Imam's life and his relations with his contemporary scholars ,as well as a picture of his scientific life.The books of the Prophet traditions have had a valuable effect in enriching the present research such as Sahih Bukhari ,Tahtheeb Al - Mazi,Al - Esbisar by Al - Toosi,in addition to the books in novel and the Prophet Traditions as they are found in the writings of Al - Khateeb Al - Baghdadi,Ibn Shahrashob,the Second Martyr ,Ibn Tawoos ,Ibn Al - Jawzi,and others.The same can said about books of Jurisprudence ,The Fundamentals ,and Language in supporting this study especially ''Kitab Leesan El - Arab'' by Ibn Manthoor ,''Taj Al - Aroos'' by Al - Zubaidi ,and others.Books related to doctrines ,theology, and Philosophy have had an intimate relationship with the ideological development in Islam and the role of the Imam Jafaar Al - Sadiq (Be Peace Upon Him) in establishing the principal doctrines and distinguishing them from those that stood against Islam such as books written by Al - Sheik Al - Mufeed ,Al - Shahrestsni ,Al - Tabbari,and others.As for those books related to the history of the Imam and other modest Imams (Be Peace Upon Them) ,they gave clear picture of the Imam's life ,his scientific biography and his life successive stages , those trusty followers ,friends, and students. Some of those books are ''Omdat El - Talib Fee Ansab Abi Talib'' by Ibn Anbah ,'' Imam Al - Sadiq Biography'' and other books.Also ,specific books have been consulted which are concerned with how Some Orientals have introduced the Imam ,as well as the Fourth Schools of Islam , and other books.Regarding those books on the Countries ,the present study has greatly been provided by different books with rich information in interpreting places as ''Al - Buldan'' book by Yakoot Al - Hamawi ,''Treekh Al - Kufa ''by Said Hussein Al - Baraqi,and other references. Moreover ,the present research has also referred to modern writings which include various opinions and discretions that reflect the authors' own views ,some of which are in accordance with those of the current study's ,and some contradict them.Also, papers published in scientific journals and those discussed in conferences ,as well as theses and dissertations that deal with the same subject of this research are also dealt consulted in this study.
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وزارة المعارف العراقية 1920 - 1958 : دراسة تاريخية == The Iraqi Ministry Of Knowledge 1920 - 1958 Historical Study

Author name: فلاح حسن كزار عباس
Supervisor name: كريم مراد عاتي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Ministry of education considered as one of important Iraqis' offices which formed in Iraq for the period 1920 - 1958, it's important was that it’s the only one that responsible about preparation and build generations , and support all state institutions and it's offices with the functional individual scientific and administrative , that reflect it'd scientific and civilized role and the range of progress of Iraq in both levels in internal & external.The study of ministry in it’s administrative sides in that period was not discussed in the other studies , which stimulate the researcher for study it, also the administrative sides for any ministry have the important which many of modern academic study concentrate on it, to know the structure organization of the ministries, from it's specialized offices and the officials that operated and their scientific and educational specialism, and how many wealth which assigned from public budgetary of state for it's scientific and administrated duty and that reflect the size of administrate development and other.The ministry have seen many administrative development , at the beginning with direct British occupation (1914 - 1921) , at the period (1914 - 1918), it's works relative with (incomings officials ) in Basra and Baghdad , on August 1918, it's become as establishment named as ( public knowing attendance), when Iraqi temporary kingdom has been established in 23 august 1921, it's been self - governing ministry when ministry of health has been separated, and know it's named as (Ministry of knowledge ) it still as that until the royal regime has been drop down on 14/July/1958. Offices whose managed this ministry development it's administrated works and continue with global growth has been founded in this field , specially form whose of them that have superior specialized certification, also they called for (international committee) for help in put plans that making the rising of it's works.The works that accepted from ministry have the clear role in put the first basis of acts and instructions for the Ministry of knowledge in Iraq , and establishment of natural foundations and specialized the work of ministry and it's officials , when we see the historical stage , the level of scientific progress and the general situation in the country
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كتاب الجمل والنصرة لسيد العترة في حرب البصرة للشيخ المفيد (ت 413هـ/ 1022م) : دراسة تحليلية تاريخية == Camel And The Victory Of Mr. Strain In Basra War To The Sheikh Al - Mufied (D 413 AH/ 1022 AD) ((An Analytical Study))

Author name: فائق محمد حسين الزبيدي
Supervisor name: نعمة شهاب جمعة اليوسف
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: well as the conclusion and a list of sources and references that Aolna in this study.• Boot biography of Sheikh useful and ensure that, his name, his nickname , his birth , lineage , and death as well as his children and that presents for the first time in modern academic studies.• Chapter One : Under was titled doctrinal views about the allegiance of the faithful Meer Ali bin Abi Talib • Chapter Two : historical novels was under heading out on the Caliph Uthman.• Chapter III : Historical Almruyat for the Battle of the Camel.• In the final conclusion, which includes the most prominent findings and a list of sources and references, and summary in English. The Yes of God for this religion that he raised him in every age range of scientists and dignitaries from Mashra virtuous so late, Vohassanoa Madarsthm and built bases , and left us with an enormous wealth and great heritage , Anbthaga to its sources , the purest and its tributaries. Of these extraordinary , Sheikh useful ( 413 AH / 1022 AD) , may God rest his soul and make paradise resting place , which is aware of the flags of centuries fourth and fifth Hijri and one of the leaders of his time , as one of the men who excelled in science and classification throughout the years of his life. It is an excellent choice with the help of Dr. Nehme Shihab was I faced some difficulties as any student looking at the subject and especially as it combines the science of history and learned men of modern science because this led me to refer to the many specialized in these three Knowledge and other sources is not easy to master , who is running experience student academic research for the first time in his life, and with all the grace of God has been able to overcome the difficulties in the curriculum and resources and with the help of my teacher and supervisor wise direction. Has necessitated the need for this letter is organized with an introduction and preface, three chapters and a conclusion , and here it should be noted that this division is inspired by the book (the sentences and the victory of Mr. strain in Basra War) as Analysis of sources : This study, like other academic studies relied on a large number of sources, references and research that were distributed among the different fields in history, local history or in the translations and biography or geographical books and travel literature as well as modern references The following presentation and analysis of a summary of the most important sources and references that were It has a clear impact for the preparation of this letter : - • General history books : It is books that are meant to take the flag campaign and others in the country as a book (the date of the Apostles and the Kings), to Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Jarir (d. 310 AH / 922 AD), in which historical events show, the book (the history of the city of Damascus (for Sakba, Abu Kassim Ali Bin Hassan Ben God's gift to bin Abdullah Shafi'i (d. 571 AH / 1175 AD) has served us so much Vengda encyclopedia in the history of the Islamic civilization has reviewed the conduct of men and women also, who emerged fields of public life, particularly in science, knowledge, and the book (regular in the history of the kings and the UN), to Ibn al, Abu Faraj Abdul Rahman bin Mohammed bin Ali (d. 597 AH / 1200 AD) and the book "full of history" to Ibn al - Athir (d. 630 AH / 1232 AD) there is no doubt being a Guinness in Islamic history.• genealogy books : We based our knowledge of the lineages of some scientists and their assets, including book (genealogy), of heard me, Dad Said Abdul Karim bin Mohammed al - Tamimi (d.562 AH / 1166 AD) and book (the pulp in the refining lineages), the son of ether, Abul Hassan Ali bin Abi Karam Mohamed Bin Mohammed bin Abdel - Karim al - Shaibani (d.630AH/1232 AD).• Geographic wrote : The geography books that enriched the various search information, whether concerned with the nomination of the city or location, including a book "Dictionary of countries," authored by Sapphire Hamwi (d. 626 AH / 1228 AD), which is a record of many historians, geographers who came after him. Note that we relied on a variety of other sources for Aasa numerous to mention in this introduction also enlisted some modern references that did not have a key role in building the structure of the messageFinally, the perfect God Almighty alone, and we praise and thank him for what we have from grace in writing this letter , I ask God to guide our steps and bless us in our humble service of science that he listens and responds
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الاسطورة واثرها في الرواية التاريخية الاندلسية (92 - 484هـ/711 - 1091م) == Myth And Their Impact On The Historical Novel Andalusian (92 - 484H / 711 - 1091M)

Author name: غفران محمد عزيز
Supervisor name: مثنى فليفل سلمان الفضلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Movement History has hit a lot of counterfeiting and additions and sometimes novel completely changed by Shetty comes in the forefront of global politics and religion factors and therefore did not vacate the Islamic history of these legends but often contained them in the Andalusian history of existence of space and space to make way for the existence of such accounts. The novel legendary Andalusia were not beyond the dye Islamic It affected cultural eastern heritage in terms of lies and slanders that link in Mbalgadtha to the level of myth on the other hand has to be understanding of the criteria in the Islamic era in terms of being included in this concept, which was characterized by comprehensiveness of the different trends of knowledge him which make way because includes all the novels beyond the mental acceptance. In addition, we find a lot of stories related to old to cause related Bamaadz prophetic or mention of the presence of large countries do not have the basis of health in terms of comparing historical events of the region, prompting this matter martyrdom duration old time He graduated from our subject, which extended from the opening Andalusian 92 AH / 711 AD time down to the end of an era denominations year 481 AH / 1088 AD and that while Ibn Yasin made his decision to stay in Andalusia and an end to the era of those mini - states, and this time give a clear picture of the stages of legend in terms of the nature of growth and selected for conditions existing, which shows the main reasons underlying behind the emergence of the legendary novel in Andalusia in a time when novels Establishment of Andalusia and its importance and its cities have specialized novel religious nature at the same time we find that personal hero overshadowed the second phase her. Researchers often pulled away in their studies of Islamic history from the concept of the myth that it interferes in the foundation with the spirit of Islamic thought from religious and sectarian currents multiple linked beside my faith have I do not mean here novels Koranic but those novels and false beliefs that have no basis in fact, and this payment researcher the study of cross - cutting aspects of the topic as well as subjecting those accounts to scrutiny of the field, which exceeded many researchers and writers when Ordohaa in their studies of the history of the Andalusian were those of the reasons that led us to choose the subject and marked ((myth and its impact on the historical novel Andalusian 92 - 481h / 711 - 1088m ))
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الاراء الاقتصادية في كتاب المسند للامام زيد بن علي (عليه السلام) (122هـ/739م) == The Economic Opinions In The Book Of Al - Musnad By Imam Zaid Ben Ali (Peace Be Upon Him) (122 AH / 739 AC)

Author name: عمر سعدون حمود
Supervisor name: مقتدر حمدان عبد المجيد الكبيسي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of the economic and financial aspects of important and distinctive in the life of human societies at different ages and times studies, has expressed his Islamic religion widespread attention to economic issues and financial transactions that regulate the relationship of man with Bari (the Almighty), what should be done from the duties and what should be left taboo this is emphasized by the Shari'a and tried to sow in the hearts of Muslims. In this sense it excelled scholars and scientists Muslims to the classification of books that have had a clear impact in highlighting the Islamic economic approach and address the economic issues that have had impact in the Muslim individual structure and then the structure of society.Among these scholars Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) who has dedicated his life to the right and to serve humanity and the reform of society when the solution in which injustice and tyranny through the takeover of the Umayyad most of the economic resources of the state, so is the book (Musnad) forward Zaid bin Ali (Peace be Upon Him), (Tel : 122 e / 739 m), one of the important doctrinal and rare books in that period, namely the period of the beginning of the era of blogging, which dealt with through the issues and questions of financial and economic transactions that were practiced in the Islamic state markets.I have tried through this study to identify the economic and financial views in a book (Musnad) forward Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) has been reached : - 1 - The book Musnad of important doctrinal books that dealt with many economic and financial issues in Islamic law and which are indispensable for every urge in this area.2 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) accurate and trustworthy and sincere remembrance of the bond when he was mentioned conversations sometimes was little talk Bkdhirh Sindh from the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) and sometimes for the faithful Ali bin Abi Talib (Peace be Upon Him).3 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) jurist and pious individual Mstenbta provisions legitimacy so he was answering some doctrinal issues that arise upon an armrest to the Book of Allah (God) and the Sunnah of the Prophet (Allah bless him and his family).4 - became a disciple of Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) at the hands of his father, Imam Zainal Abidin (Peace be Upon Him) and his brother Imam Baqir (Peace be Upon Him) and senior scholars of the city in that period and a student of his hands dozens of Islamic sons doctrines, especially the Imam Abu Hanifa (may Allah have mercy on him).5 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) on the principle of social solidarity in the Islamic economic thought through the premise of Zakat when cited verse 60 of Surah Repentance, and how Islam addressed the issue of poverty and the right of both the poor and the poor and workers to collect Zakat.6 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) to charity and charity - Fitr on relatives (a womb) and replace him sadaqah is not permissible for him. The stresses (Peace be Upon Him) to charity password and their reward with Allah (God).7 - raised Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) to an important issue, but it does not Zakat in women's Costume whether what she is wearing or paid in, as he was not focused on Zakat in gems like Durr and rubies, pearls and all that comes out of the sea.8 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) on the important provisions of the legitimacy and expressed her great interest in his book (Musnad) provisions which have a significant impact on the economic and financial transactions of Islamic society. He referred to the provisions of the loan and mortgage company and to the divine and the snapshot and leasing, deposit, including detailed provisions and explained its importance and usefulness in economic deal on the principle of Islamic Sharia law.9 - Treated Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) issue of five Booty and shamrock and Alglul and select their amounts and how it was spent in Islamic law derived from the Book of Allah and the Sunnah.10 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) the types of agricultural land controlled by the Islamic State of Arab and defined quality : decimal land and the land of Foreign Affairs. He stressed the legality of the farmer because of the investment of agricultural land and the conditions of the farmer and his views were his own in it.11 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) the provisions of the sales and earnings Muslim usury and exchange between the right of the sales that were in circulation in Islam and warned sales corrupt and Terminator them legally, which should not be practiced by Muslims.
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المملكة الوسطى في مصر القديمة : دراسة سياسية وحضارية == The Middle Kingdom In Ancient Egypt Political & Civilization Study

Author name: علي عبد هلال طاهر الساعدي
Supervisor name: مهدية فيصل صالح الموسوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Egyptian civilization an important place in the history of the ancient Near East, they are genuine civilization characterized Bzahertyn main points : first, the foot, and the second always, history Pharaonic history multistage continued without interruption and each era of days through special nature and style, and the era of the Middle Kingdom, which we are going to study what is the only heir Forensic Old Kingdom.Chapter I titled (the political situation in Egypt before and after the establishment of the Middle Kingdom), it has been divided into two sections we dealt with in the first section, titled (Intermediate Period first "social revolution") to examine the causes of revolution and political events that accompanied that revolution, while the second section has titled (the Middle Kingdom) in which we highlighted the conflict between Ahnasia rulers of the kings of the two families ninth, tenth and eleventh kings of the family, which resulted in the establishment of the Middle Kingdom. The second chapter titled (the internal politics of the pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom) has been divided into two sections we dealt with in the first section, titled (system of government and administration) the nature of the changes that have witnessed that era in the administrative institutions beginning of the pharaoh's authority and ending with state institutions and how to run the country and the powers and status The Minister of Territorial Administration and the laws that regulate the society, while the second part, which we called (the systems social And economic) dealt with those systems that prevailed in Egypt at the time and social classes that formed the Egyptian society and focused it on the spread of the concept of social justice between those layers, as well as how it is unable to state the wheel managing the economy growing rapidly adopted as the support of the internal sector, maintain and set up agricultural projects with giving missions to mines and quarries in the initial economic plans.The third chapter was entitled (foreign policy Central to the Queen), which was divided into two sections address the first part of which, titled (foreign policy for the family eleventh) the nature of relations with other countries, and specifically in the south and the north - east, west and north, while the second section talked about (foreign policy twelfth of the family), we reviewed the relationship with Egypt during the reign of that strain with neighboring countries, especially Nubia and the countries of Asia and the West We have given a lot of room for modern relations with Nubia where the relationship gradually even becoming more like what the region be an Egyptian colony In the middle of this family. The fourth chapter titled (cultural manifestations of the era of the Middle Kingdom), was necessary divided into four sections carry first topic address (physical manifestations) and where we talked about the physical facilities that characterized the kings of the Kingdom of pyramids and obelisks and fortresses, while the second section was titled (technical aspects), and in which we dealt with those kinds of appearances inscriptions and photography and sculpture, while taking third section title (cultural manifestations) and we follow the biblical and educational development as well as the literary side and the content of Fiction and the rule. While the fourth section accept ideological side in the Kingdom and how it evolved religious beliefs
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فلسفة نظام الحكم في العراق القديم بين النظام اللامركزي والنظام المركزي : دراسة تاريخية == Phylosohpy Of Reign System In Iraq Between The Decentralized And Centralized System (A Historical Study

Author name: علي احمد عبد الكريم الجبوري
Supervisor name: مزهر محسن الخفاجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Now and after we had finished our thesis writing, we reached to a set of conclusions, can be concluded in the following : First : The emerge of the state in Mesopotamia and whatever the contrariety was in determine its history and whatever the variousness of its nominations whether it was a civil state, a civil kingdom, or a civil town state; the emerge of this state was a natural result of gathering its trinity strategy represented by in developing its political boarders, developing the economy of its society and completing its political and administrative institutions. The rivalry and struggle between town states had rushed in emerging this state since early dynasties period (3200B.C.), and what had accompanied that rivalry and struggle of overwhelming one on another to end that matter by emerging one distance per state in the time of the leader Lugal Zage - Si. Second : The concept of intellectual, religious and political coexistence, interaction and integration between the local clans (Sumerians) and the expatriated clans (AL - Jazreen), had reflected a historical formation of a greatest civilized unit in the history. Also what had those people inherited from their ancestors and their success in uniting their state whether by coalition , peaceful uniting ,or annexation through military transgression had led those people to succeed later in build their decentralized state. Third : As soon as the matter prepared to Sargon of Akkad (2367 - 2316B.C.) , and his control on the political matters in the country ,he declared his strong state demanding a shifting process from political and administrative decentralization in rule to declare his strong centralized state and stating himself a king on the whole geographic territory of Mesopotamia and declaring himself a king on Summer and Akkad until the political , economic and military principals accomplished in his time who succeeded in them to start establishing a civilized , historical and political unit of a new kind where were the strong will and the political wisdom essences for the king and his ancestors the great rule in continuing their centralized state. Forth : The return of the Sumerian rule in the reign of the third Ur kingdom (260 - 1995B.C.), and changing the ruling essence didn’t witness a lax in the centralized reign but it witnessed a development and a new establishment of the strong Akkadian political centralized rule system. So through a deep and accurate sight to what had don each of Ur - Nammu, Shuaiki, and his sons shall give us an ambition presented in the will of this state and its kings to continue the style of the centralized reign were the kings in the Third Ur Dynasty gather between the religious, political, administrative and executive authorities; in other word we can say they tried to gather between the worldly and religious authorities in their centralized ruling system. The third kingdom of Ur didn’t continue Long because two pressures the first ; internal ,presented by the pressure of the Amorite migrations and the second ; is external , presented by Elamite plotting and inciting the Loubi clans in the north ;so both pressures had exhausted the Third Ur State politically and economically to last by Gutian occupation to Mesopotamia. Fifth : The system of the Amorite town states rule didn’t last for a long time (2006 - 1792B.C.), where one of the strong Amorite leaders and by that we mean the king Hammurabi (1792 - 1752B.C.), controlled the state and succeeded in uniting the country and started in inauguration of a united civil centralized state. This matter is what made its king endeavor to establish a centralized style reign after he melt the town states system in one connected with one center and uniting its legislative system through submitting all its kingdoms and regions related to it , to one constitution (one legislation), and also uniting its religious theology in one centralized religion and uniting its military institutes and connecting them with the king and enlarging its army by applying conscription which prepared its rulers politically and militarily ,so the reign of Hammurabi achieved the trinity of the civil state that is after accomplishing its judicial, executive , legislative and even the military authorities
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الاحوال العامة للاكراد في المشرق 132 - 565هـ / 749 - 1258م == General Conditions For Kurds In The Orient (132 - 656A.H\749 - 1258A.C)

Author name: علاء حبيب عبد العذاري
Supervisor name: كاظم ستر خلف العلاق
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of the history of peoples to know the political, economic, social and scientific studies of their situations that are difficult to access them, because of the uncertainty surrounding it and overlap with neighboring clans.There is no doubt that the Kurdish people have been playing an important role on the overall events, as a human species that inhabited the Muslim Levant.It differed greatly in determining the areas of their presence in this region (Mashreq), which are difficult to quantify the different Albuldanyen in drawing boundaries, so it was the Kurds who are in different forms in terms of well - traveled areas, and just as likely in other.Our study has focused them on multitude areas, due to the clarity of the civil features in terms of stability.The limits of our study them within the area bounded by the south of Armenia and even the boundaries of the country beyond the river without crossing.Researchers made no mention of this region clearly, but previous studies determined certain city, where Kurds Ooomarh presence, such as a study researcher Hossam El Din Naqshbandi City Aldeanor, study researcher Riad al - Zubaidi, the emirate Al - husnoah.This thesis consisted of six chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion and supplements.The first chapter discusses : the historical origins of the Kurds in the Orient, and was on the three sections, the first taking him to nominate the Kurds and the origin of the label, as well as eating the difference in the origin of the Kurds.The second topic addressed the geographical distribution of the Kurds in the Levant saying they are the areas, while the third section devoted to learn the language of the Kurds and their religion, the Islamic conquests of the Levant.The second chapter : dedicate the contributions of political and administrative Kurds in the Orient, and was the first of it Section eat ambitious Abu Muslim political Khorasani, while the second section may display the UAE, which created the Kurds in the Levant, and the third section dealt with the study of the contributions of administrative Kurds.The third chapter : to show the contributions of military Kurds, as well as their participation in the opposition movements of the Abbasid Caliphate, was on the three sections, the first taking him to accredited to the Kurdish military regime, while touched second section the military for their contributions and their relationships with the UAE their neighboring countries, and it was the third section has allocated to find out contributions to the Kurds in the opposition movements.The fourth chapter handled the economic conditions of the Kurds in the Orient, and was on the three sections, the first of it dealt with agricultural activity and livestock, while the second section allocated for industrial activity, was Conclusion Chapter III Section, which touched on the commercial activity of the Kurds.The fifth chapter : to give us a clear picture of the social life of the Kurds in the Levant across three sections, we dealt with it layers of the Kurdish community, and the place of women in it, as well as the religious doctrines deployed in their country, while the second section Vtm the study of public life for the Kurds, and it was the third is dedicated to find out the mostimportant customs and traditions that were prevalent in the Kurdish community.Finally, chapter six : life science for the Kurds in the Orient, the first section dealt with the prosperity of the scientific movement factors, while the second section devoted to the scientific contributions to the Kurds in the field of religious studies, while the third section Vtm know their contributions in the field of language and humanities.
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ال حمويه الجويني ودورهم السياسي والعلمي في مصر والشام في القرنين السادس والسابع الهجريين == Al Hamaweh Al Jweni And Their Political And Scientific Role In Egypt And Levant In The Six And Seven Centuries A.H A Study Of The Essenion Community

Author name: علاء حامد احمد محمود
Supervisor name: مشتاق كاظم عاكول المياحي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: We saw the Levant and Egypt during the sixth and seventh centuries AD upswing in the scientific movement, and this activity led to the delegations of many of the Senate and science students who accuse the supply of science, especially after scientists DAI with great interest by the sultans and princes in the Levant and Egypt became their status and a great degree of high - have, especially after the Levant saw a semblance of stability in a state of Nur ad - Din and Saladin, is the science flights of the most important factors that help the activity and prosperity of the country to attract many of the learners, most of the elders who move between Islamic countries were hold boards of scientific and workshops, and was among the senators who came from the Islamic Orient to the Levant Imad Eddin Omar bin febrile year (564 AH / 1168 AD) and his son Mohammed, Prince Nur al - Din Mahmoud Zangi has honored him and assigned him the position of Sheikh Sufi sheikhs, even this has become Family great prestige of sophistication including notorious for its science and knowledge and became an active role in the revitalization of intellectual movement in the Levant and Egypt, then it soon this family that entered in the political and the diplomatic corps Vtoloa Study diplomatic embassies in the Ayyubid era fair King Mohammed full and his son, Then they turn away military positions and Adhawwa leaders and warlords and armies of soldiers, and took control the Sultanate administration, until it reached their case that consulted in the inauguration of some Ayyubid sultans, and adopted them sultans, princes Ayyubid heavily in various military and political fields.Busy and some members of the family in the scientific aspects more than the political aspects even ended up to authorship, classification and became her prestige in the Muslim communities in the Levant, Egypt and the rest of the country Islamic.The reasons that led me to write on this subject, there were several things to choose the subject.1. Statement of the original home and the society in which it was formed this family, and the statement of its position in the new society that has moved him in the Levant and Egypt.2. Clarify the role played by the family of febrile Jouini in the political, military and intellectual aspects in the Levant and Egypt during the sixth and seventh centuries AD.3. The lack of an integrated study of the achievements of febrile Jouini family, and stand on the details of those achievements that characterized it.4. After reviewing the most of what has been said about this family in most sources and references, and found it worthy of a study that examines the life of this and the impact of scientific, political and military family, according to a scientific Platform correct
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الصلات العلمية بين العراق ومصر (247 - 334هـ/861 - 945م) == Scientific Links Between Iraq And Egypt (247 - 334 AH / 861 - 945 AD)

Author name: عبير غني كاظم الخفاجي
Supervisor name: محمود تركي فارس اللهيبي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This title of this thesis is ((Scientific links between Iraq and Egypt(247 - 334 AH / 861 - 945 AD))). This thesis was divided into four chapters.The first chapter deals with the study of the most important scientific centers in Baghdad and Egypt, which helped to lay the foundations of the Islamic faith. It included the most important scientific centers, including mosques and Koranic schools, councils and debates and aspects of books and (Al - warakeen) books sellers shops and others. While the second chapter of religious sciences marked by the science of the Koran, which included science readings, cut short as the study of celebrity readings scientists between Iraq and Egypt and learning in their councils.As well as modern science through the concept of the modern and the role of the people of Iraq and Egypt in the supplement of this science and published in Egypt and the journey in the pursuit of knowledge between the two countries.And also a study of Jurisprudence and science as the study focused on the concept of an Islamic Fiqh and its development through historical stages and the emergence of Islamic sects and the motives that led to the emergence of those doctrines. And the study of the most important scholars between the two countries and also in this chapter study of the most important Sufi mysticism and scientists between the two countries.Chapter three, includes language and grammar, the most prominent linguists and grammarians in Iraq, Egypt and the hair and the most prominent poets in Iraq, Egypt and different kinds of prose.And stand on this science scholars between the two countries, Iraq, Egypt, the most important of flights between the two countries in this scientific field. Turning in the fourth quarter to the humanities and included historical, geographical, knew the history and contributions of the two scientists in providing the historical thought. And the most prominent historians in Iraq and Egypt have been in this chapter the study of geographical and highlighted the contributions of scientists and researchers in geographic knowledge.The fourth chapter has been included on the mental sciences between the two countries, Iraq, Egypt, the most important contributions of scientists in providing the scientific movement between Baghdad and Egypt in the fields of medicine, pharmacy, theology, philosophy, translation, astronomy and chemistry.The we record our findings and conclusion through this thesis with a summary of the findings of the results taken from approved sources in the search.
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المرويات التاريخية لسبط ابن الجوزي ومنهجه في كتابه مراة الزمان في تواريخ الاعيان للمدة (590 - 654هـ/1193 - 1256م) == The Historical Narratives For Sebt Ibn Al Jawzy And His Approach In His Book Mera'At Al Zaman Fe Toearekh Alaian For Period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D)

Author name: عبد الرزاق عبد الرسول رشيد الخفاجي
Supervisor name: علي حسن الغضبان
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Saw the seventh century A.H / thirteenth century A.D the emergence of a group of historians, eminent, who had a significant role in the field of historical notation, and perhaps the most important of these historians Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi , and who knew large in various fields of science for his contributions, including historical writing, it left us Legacy great in this area, and represents in his book (mera'at alzaman fe toearekh Alaian ) , as this book is one of the most important sources of Islamic history, especially Ayoubi, where increasing importance of this book in the period under study (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D), as well as it that Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi were age at that time, it was a companion to the kings built Ayoub, participated with them in some political events, and as a result he has left us a wealth of important historical novels about that era. In this sense, we have found that the character of Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi historical Narratives and systematize the study in his book mera'at al zaman for period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D) extensive scientific study indispensable, because of its importance and the lack of studies on this subject; so we decided to respond to this topic To shed some light on the personality of Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi and his book mera'at al zaman. Necessities study has necessitated the division of this research into four chapters, preceded by an introduction and followed by a finale, where we dealt with in the first chapter biography of Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi and his time, as this chapter is divided into three sections, presented the first section of the biography of the life of sebt Ibn Al Jawzi personal, and either the second topic was eating sebt Ibn Al Jawzi era political and cultural terms, while we dealt with in the third section of the Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi of Scientific Biography. While we were in the second quarter to publicize the book mera'at alzaman fe toearekh Alaian and the methodology of sebt Ibn Al Jawzi the period (590 - 654 AH / 1193 - 1256 AD), this chapter is divided into two sections we discussed in the first section of it to publicize the book mera'at alzaman fe toearekh Alaian, while eating the second topic approach in which sebt Ibn Al Jawzi - period (590 - 654 AH / 1193 - 1256 AD). The third and fourth chapters, it has touched the two historical Narratives of Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi for period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256A.D) we have in which to read the book mera'at al zaman , collecting Narratives pertaining period under study, and the extrapolation of other historical sources that dealt with this period, and compared with the report by Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi novels, and discussing the novels in which historians disagree, and install agreed novels. In the third chapter we dealt with the historical Narratives of sebt Ibn Al Jawzi from the Abbasid Caliphate other Narratives sporadic period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D), this chapter is divided into two sections we dealt with in the first section Narratives Sebt Ibn Jawzi of the succession to Al Nasser ledin Allah , for the period (590 - 622 A.H / 1193 - 1225 A.D), while the second part, we have been in it to Narratives from the Abbasid Caliphate period (622 - 654 A.H / 1225 - 1256 A.D) Other Narratives scattered about the Almohad dynasty in Morocco and Andalusia, and the natural phenomena and facts bizarre period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D). The fourth chapter discussed Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi Narratives from the Ayyubid and Mamluk period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D), has been divided into three sections, we dealt with in the first section Narratives for the Ayyubid period (590 - 615 A.H / 1193 - 1218 A.D), and the section The second has been Narratives for the Ayyubid in the era the King Al Kamel Mohammed(615 - 635 A.H /1218 - 1237 A.D), while the third section addressed to Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi Narratives from the Ayyubid and Mamluk period(635 - 654 A.H /1237 - 1256 A.D). Have we faced during this study, many of the difficulties, and perhaps most notably the difficult security situation which is going through our beloved country, which negatively impacted us, this as well as the large number of scientific material and abundance, we have tried as much as possible to cover all aspects of the study, and other obstacles that we faced is the difficulty in obtaining some sources, we have been able, thanks to God Almighty to overcome most of these difficulties.
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الشيخ محمد مهدي الاصفي ودوره الفكري والسياسي في العراق (1937 - 2015) == Al - Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi And Intellectual And Political Role In Iraq 1937 - 2015

Author name: عامر صالح علي سعد العكيلي
Supervisor name: علي محمد كريم المشهداني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Took a character study an important place in the field of historical studies, the fact that the person is a historic event maker, and understand the nature of his mission is to understand the course of events, composition and causes, so the historical studies of many influencing the course of events, personalities, and Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi one of the personalities that have left have dealt clear imprint in the modern history of Iraq because of the products of intellectual Affersh contributed to a large extent in the development of many of the political, social, historical and cultural concepts, especially as he witnessed the difficult period of the history of modern Iraq. The reasons for choosing this topic back to the desire of a researcher at clarifying biography of Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi and role of the intellectual, political, and which is one of the new themes, which encouraged the researcher on the roads this topic, as well as what ails our library of poverty in specialized in researching academic figures and religious bear to see academic studies Islamist contemporary to incorporate the needs of the community, not to mention the researcher's quest to highlight the role of Sheikh Alasfi in the Islamist movement's activities since the fifties of the twentieth century until his death in 2015. Either approach letter Fassar to conduct scientific research as much as possible and followed the style of the historical narrative sometimes, and analysis at other times, and compare the views and attitudes of Dialogic angle cash in some of the topics that require this style, necessitated the nature of the study of personality, Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi and role of the intellectual and political to divide the message Introduction to three chapters and a conclusion included the main conclusions reached by the study. The first chapter was titled Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi his scientific career and his life and his approach to writing, and touched the second quarter, which was titled intellectual productions of Sheikh Mohammed Mehdi Alasfi to intellectual aspects that distinguish them, while the third chapter, which was titled the political role of Sheikh Mohammed Mehdi Alasfi, activity political inside and outside Iraq. To accomplish our mission modest at best, I tried to use all the scientific material can be utilized within the time frame of our mission, Vofatt Unpublished of the Private Securities Sheikh Alasfi and family documents or security reporting system related to his activity and his important role in strengthening the message information, also contributed personal interviews Researcher prominent role in the addition of information while writing a message, I can not fail to point out the obvious importance of the Arab sources that had occupied the largest space from the margins of the message, and at the forefront of these books are works of Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi in various religious, scientific, intellectual, political and social aspects. Reliance on Arab sources did not prevent the use of Persian sources, and do not forget to mention the importance of theses and Alatarih Rphit that the value of the message on the history of the religious establishment and its political role information. The researcher has faced several difficulties hardly uncommon in any scientific academy study that differed in the extent of the study and again. In conclusion, I hope through Trahi for this modest effort before a panel discussion to be tuned to Aptgat of clarifying the truth and the dissemination of science for the benefit.. as I hope to be my act fills a void in our library Islamist, as an added scientific We hope that achieve what we aspire to achieve, the missed Vhspa I'm still at the first step in the path of scientific research and the hard run, and I was Valvdil to the efforts and care for my teachers evacuation Aoun benevolent, they have the thanks and gratitude, as I find myself obliged to provide a multitude gratitude and thanks to the members of the discussion, my teachers Distinguished what Tjhmoh of the trouble in the correct letter order to realize Kamal them to the desired scientific interest, and perfect, but God alone that Mawla Yes and yes protagonist
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اقليم خراسان : دراسة في الجغرافية التاريخية من سنة 132هـ الى سنة 656هـ == Khurasaan Canton Study In Historical Geography From The Year 132 H To 656H

Author name: صدام جاسم محمد البياتي
Supervisor name: كاظم ستر خلف العلاق
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: No doubt that subject of historical geography from important subjects which need from researcher understanding action the geography surrounding in the historical events , if the understanding of history understanding rational need good knowledge in change of surrounding circumstances which located in frame it history events , but that such this knowledge necessity most of the time , to test truth of historical narration and stipulated from limit it truth , for the sake of securing this aim need knowledge farther to study historical geography.Now that this meaning was developed to pass historical ages and according to different point of view , where know its study of outward look change to surrounding , we refer to also it is the science which have explanation the geography action in historical events , by that historical geography underline about political changeable border to canton and what it relating in that from wars names and invasions which led to obtain canton or lose it , from that appears that historical geography not small branch from geography branches as economic geography and political geography but it group complementary geographies ,and through this preface to definition in term the historical geography we outs in glance about it , he is complement the geography in all branches especially the rights of natural and humanity to service the history events and advance it incidents.Perhaps choose khurasaan canton pivot to study because it was from important cantons added to Islamic Arab state , because of the geography locality who distinguished in it in the farther of northeast , then to the humanity fortune and natural which distinguished in I on all levels and sides from growing , industry , trade , building and mineral fortune.Therefore historian worthier large interest in news this canton and care mentioned it towns and villages and workers and scholars ,and may be reason in that return to this canton since Arab occupy it staying in it a lot of Arab tribes , until close to be part from Arab Islamic lands , also the mixture culture and customs and traditions of Arabic with customs and traditions of Persian overdo action even the Arabic language became the language of culture and political in khurasaan to late time.And no hidden on more that khurasaan canton active role in a lot of political events and specially Ala,Abassiya invitation who choice from it place for spreading it thoughts and declaration after that and dashing from it toward Iraq and toppling in The Umayyad Caliphs at year (123H).This Study includes : Prelude and five chapters , beside the conclusion and a list of sources and modulation and references. The first chapter have administrative geography to khurasaan , and clarifying the name and the location and the border and geography climate , then important administrative terms in khurasaan. The second chapter from study have the civilization outward to cities and building in khurasaan , from where mentioned important khurasaan cities such as Naesaboor , Marow , Huraat , and Balakh , and it civilization development and building. The third chapter we review the population setup to khurasaan social and action of natural disasters and diseases in it , and clarifying settling of population in khurasaan. The fourth chapter special to study economic geography to khurasaan canton , we try clear natural fortune and progress the economic trinity to canton from growing ,industry , and tradeThe five chapter special to study political history to khurasaan canton from the year (132 H to 656 H) , for the sake of clarifying political geography to canton and active the geography members in it. At last was The conclusion to explain the importance what was the research reach to from results about this study. At the end I want to show that I do my best in this research and if Successes in it that will be from God merciful. if it was the other side so that from myself that because I want to be most clear in my research and in God we trust.
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حزب الاتحاد الاشتراكي للقوات الشعبية ودوره السياسي في المغرب (1975 - 1996) == Socialist Federation Party Of Public Forces And Political Role In Morocco (1975 - 1996)

Author name: شيماء عبد الوهاب عبد الشمري
Supervisor name: نغم سلام ابراهيم
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of political parties history in Morocco has been considered worthy to be researched in the modern and contemporary Arabic history. The independence of Morocco on 3r of March 1956 , has been regarded as a turning point for setting out the parties ' political work in the contemporary Morocco, that is linked to the virtual role of political parties and organizations in the resistance against the French occupation and in mobilizing the publics as to achieve its goals in freedom , independence and progression. But, the new political reality has found a state of struggle between ownership institutions from one side and political parties from another side, this resulted into having the latter divides into opposing and supporting the ownership institution. The socialist Federation Party of Public forces was one of these parties. , where stages of party's development have embodied as reflection on the development of political events in Morocco in the contemporary and modern history. The thesis aims at studying the historical roots of the socialist federation party of public forces as apposition party since its establishment in 1975 until the year 1996. The exceptional holding of the party in 1975 has been considered as a starting point for crystalizing the social, economic and political directions to continue to play its role and its virtual activity in Moroccan political domain. The thesis 's boundaries ceases at the announcement of constitution in 1996 that represented as a turning point toward democratic transition in the political process. The importance of research lies within studying the Socialist Federation Party of public forces since it is considered one of opposing political parties. The study of this party has been a transparent reflection on political parties development in Morocco since getting its independence in 1956, along with the issuance of law of multi - parties in 1959 that established legal bases of political life in Morocco and being considered as a starting point for setting out the regular political work. The activity and political practice of the party considered an important matter for being one of parties that represented parties opposition embedded with law. The study has been based on the historical context and analyzing descriptive method as to show most important developments Morocco has witnessed , along with the role of the socialist Federation party until 1996. In the light of the research's methodology , the thesis has divided into an introduction, preface , four chapters and conclusion. The preface comes with the title " Socialist Federation party of Public Forces and internal political developments in Morocco 1956 - 1975"in which I have explained the conditions that help contribute into dissenting the Socialist Federation party from the National federation of public forces in 1972 until the announcement of the party in 1974. The chapter one comes with the title " Socialist Federation party of public forces and holding exceptional conference , along with the political developments in Morocco (1975 - 1977). The study has focused on the most important events prior to the holding of exceptional conference of the party in 1975; besides , the organizational structure of the party together with its goals , and its role in the rural and provincial elections in 1976. It has been also explained the role of the party in the legislation election in 1977 and its stance in constituting the government and parliament. Ending with the matter of the dessert. The second chapter includes ( Fronts of political activity of the socialist federation party and its stance in respect to internal matters (1978 - 1983); this chapter has emphasized on its most important activities lying in the establishment of democratic co - federalism for occupying the laborers union of the party , the holding of 3rd conference of the party in 1978 and the party 's attitude toward unrests in 1979 - 1981. The chapter has also included the party's attitude toward the Nairobi conference decisions and toward the parliament in 1981. It has also explained its attitude toward Fas peak in 1982 , its role in the rural and provincial elections in 1983 and the government of Mohammed Kareem Al - Umrani in 1983. The chapter three discusses the internal developments of the socialist federation party and its attitude toward the national matters ( 1984 - 1989) ; it has exposed the party's attitude toward the Jewish sects conference in Marrakesh in 1984 and the holding of fourth national conference of the party. It deals with the establishment of Africa - Arab Federation and the party 's attitude thereof in 1984, along with its role in the legislation election in Morocco in 1984 and in forming the government in 1985. The chapter has also shown the party's objection to the meeting of Aifran in 1986 between the king Al - Hasan the second and Shimon Perez, it deals with the party's attitude toward Arab Morocco Federation in 1989 ( supported it); besides, referring to the fifth conference of the party held in April 1989 and the party's attitude toward the Arabic National matters ,Palestinian Liberation Organization , Lebanese matter and Iranian - Iraqi war. The chapter fourth comes with the title" the role of the party in boosting democracy and constitution amendment until year 1996. It exposes the party's attitude toward unrest happened in 1990 and government 's vote of confidence in 1990 , the announcement of forming democratic bloc in 1992. The chapter explains the party's stance in respect to death of AbdulRaheem Bu Ubaid in 1992 , the attitude of announcement of constitution in 1992 , along with the developments , role of the party in the massive elections in 1992, in addition, the party's attitude toward the legislative elections in 1993 and finally the announcement of new constitution in 1996 and its positive stance of it. The study has conclude with conclusions included the most important results which are : 1. The political domain has witnessed appearance of new political organizations after the issuance of law of parties that have aimed at preventing to establish Sole Party system and to place bases of multi - Party system. Thus the Monarchy institution got succeeded in its struggle with the independence party and began forming a government loyal to the monarchy institution. It is confirmed that the institution has lonely achieved its goals and confirmed its loyalty on Morocco's political life.2. The struggles have not only confined between the opposition and the monarchy institution , but rather have transferred unto the opposition parties. Thus , we have noticed that in 1972 it has happened disputes inside the National Federation of Public forces and led to dissention inside the party. The latter has got divided into two parts , one part ( Rabat) led by AbdulRaheem BuObaid and the other (Al - Dar Al - Baydha) led by Abdullah Ibrahim. The dissention led to freeze the national bloc and resulted into reflecting that on its role in the political life and establishing to have every party works independently. 3. The exceptional conference held in 1975 has been considered as a turning point for appearing the socialist Federation Party of Public Forces and specified its political , social and intellectual trends and directions in adopting the socialism and democracy as that confirmed by participating into legislation election in 1977 where the party has not wined as for there have been forgeries in the election. 4. Despite , the socialist federalism Party of public forces has been considered one of opposition parties , but it has tried in more than one occasion to adopt positive stances in respect to monarchy institution , especially , when the matter concerned with the national benefit of Morocco 's sovereignty , most outstandingly, is the matter of Morocco Desert where the party has played a grand role in defending it as to be part of morocco.5. The party has adopted virtual political stances and attitudes in praising the labor sector, as a result, it worked on establishing Democratic con - federalism as to activate the workers union , where the party has used it as to have its voice get to the parliament and monarchy institution by supporting the union.6. The party's activity along with its directions have virtually confirmed on principles of democracy which the party has called for since its establishment. The observer who followed up the activity of the party since 1975 until the year 1996 , has found that this party is opposition one as to reinforce and boost its methodology to practice democracy; besides , stressing its links with the Morocco republics and its adherence to the national benefit of the people and freedom from one side and Morocco unity quarantine from other side. Moreover, the positive sides of the party in respect to the Arab matters in contemporary and modern history. 7. The party's political directions and trends have been largely crystalized by calling for constitutional and political reforms. The 90s decade of 20th century has represented an essential phase for the party by emphasizing the party's role to call for reform and change. This represented by getting the King " Al - Hasan the second " accept suggestions of Democratic blocs that led to occurring positive change for the democratic process through
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الاسر العلمية في المغرب العربي واثرها في الحياة العامة من القرن الثالث الهجري حتى نهاية القرن الثامن الهجري == The Scientific Families In The Arab Maghreb And Their Impact On The Public Life From The Thirteen Century A.H. Until The End Of The Eighth Century A.H

Author name: سندس غني عريبي الحديثي
Supervisor name: سهيلة مزبان حسن
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر الاسرات العلمية من الظواهر البارزة في الثقافة العربية الاسلامية منذ العصور القديمة ولقد شجع الفتح الاسلامي في المغرب بعد انتشار الاسلام ورسوخ الحضارة والفكر الاسلامي في المغرب العربي على ظهور العديد من الاسر العلمية التي كان لهم الدور البارز والمميز | The scientific families are considered is one of the prominent manifestations of the Arabic Islamic culture since old times. The Islamic conquest encouraged the emergence of many scientific families after the spread of Islam in the Mghreb. They had an eminent role in the history of the Arab Maghreb states. The scholars and scientists have got the care and the interests through the different Islamic ages not only of the authority but also the social strata. They are, as the Holy Scripture stipulates, the inheritors of the prophets. That made their circle lofty. Each family of the scientific families has a tangible impact in that. Among them there were families who succeeded science and art and knowledge. They assumed the highest social statuses, and their role was not sufficed to the other fields like trade, judiciary and ministration. That is attributable to the emergence of the role of families as the nuclei of the Islamic society in which the individual is raised and are cultivated. Among the many reasons that led me up to choose that subject is the care of scholars in old and modern times, and the impact of that in the various aspects of life in general. However, no study has tackled scientific families comprehensively. I endeavored to explain the features of the scientific families from which many scholars and scientists descent, in every field. Each one followed the course of that who preceded him, and it was among the reasons is to reveal the role of scientific families which were spread in the Maghreb state. The nature of the study requires the division into an introduction, a preface, four main chapters and an introduction as well as abstracts in Arabic and English. The Introduction tackles the geographic position of the state of Maghreb, and the states which were established there starting of the Aghalibiya state and ending with the Hafsiya state. Chapter Two was devoted to the study of the role of scientific families and the most prominent sciences with which they mastered. Chapter Three was devoted to the study of the impact of scientific families in the administrative, political and military aspects.Chapter Four is devoted to the study of the role of scientific families in the social and economic life. The Conclusion includes the summary of the findings and then the references and sources.
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الحركة الفكرية في همذان من القرن الثالث الهجري الى نهايـة القرن السادس الهجـري

Author name: سمية خالد بريسم الربيعي
Supervisor name: خاشع عيادة المعاضيدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: لقد انتظمت الدراسة في اربعة فصول تضمن الفصل الاول نبذة تاريخية عامة عن همذان، وقد اشتمل على ثلاثة مباحث، الاول عن اصل تسمية همذان، والثاني عن مدن وقرى همذان، لان تحديدها مهم جدا لبيان نشات الاعلام في همذان، وكان المبحث الثالث والاخير عن فتح همذان وما تلا | This study deals with thinking and scientific activities in easter Islamic cities which is Hamdan. most of historical studies since 156 s dedicated specially to study political history for - nations , histories of Islamic cities ,reasons of its evolution , careers of men and administrative , economical , social , literature subjects men while concern was less for thinking and scientific studies although it a acquires great impotent because it deal with most famous Arabic Islamic activities.The Period research study was four centuries started from 3 rd century to 9 th century.This century represented important stage in life of Arabic Islamic State.It was full of Luxury activation and civilized promotion.Also this century witness flourishing of translation from old languages which help to transform most of Greec writings which was written in different subjects and Arab scientist enrich them.Many clerks and science as tellers , historian , a astronomers and others.Islamic raose potential economies for all Islamic states.Study depended on firm curriculum in study of Al - Hamadany. He lived and study in Hamadan and take knowledge from its shieks and science.The study explain and researches of Hamadan science in either transformational and intellectual studies.The study reference to many resources to make benefit from information’s which explain contribution of Hamadan thinkers and science in developments of intellectual sciences.It includes general translations , religious science , decedents book. geographical , historical books and minor references.The study includes four chapters : First chapter is a brief hisrtory of Hamadan which contain three studies , first one or origin of Hamadans name the second is about Hamadan cities and villages because determining it is very important to explain the lifes of scientist in Hamadan. Last study was of Hamadan conquest and what followers it of events till third century for Hijral ninth century A.C.Second chapter is about religious science and famous clerks of Hamadan people in it and most famous readers.Second study was about Hadith , the most famous writings and tellers of Hadith.Third study is a bout religious interpretation its origin and famous interprets.Third chapter is about Arabic language and literature.It includes two studies , first study is about language and study Arabic Moslems maintain Arabic language because it is language of Holly Quran. Second study is about humanitarian science and pure science sufism and most famous sufies and their books. Second was about geography and history.
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لواء ديالى 1958 - 1968 : دراسة تاريخية == Dyala Brigade 1958 - 1968 Historial Study

Author name: سعد محمد علي حسين
Supervisor name: علي محمد كريم المشهداني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The studying of the domestic coevally history in Iraq , it is a very important subject m it have an important turn on detection of the different events evolution of it , what its formless make important park and Biotic in studding of the history of new Iraqian sort. Dyala Brigade from the important Brigades what need to much historial study , we will follow the development and events that certifies the Brigade especially in the time of the Republican Governorship (1958 - 1968) , and this Brigade had came to signifies the events and the managerial development and the Economic development and the social development in Dyala Brigade for this time. The scientific item had been doled for the treatise of proem and three chapters and Epilog , after the proem there is the name of Dyala and the Geographic description from the last Ottoman Epoch until 1958. Chapter one talked about Managerial development in Dyala Brigade from 14 July 1958 to 17 July 1968. Chapter two talked about Economic development in Dyala Brigade from 1958 to 1968. Chapter three talked about Social development in Dyala Brigade from 1958 to 1968. The Quipster appear that the Managerial Appliance (domestic) for Dyala Brigade had sufficiency and had Managerial impartial personalities and the have a good prestige mirrored on the work of the staffing to creation the domestic Foundation Management , the ministry of many of unities management in Dyala Brigade through studying , domestic management in the Brigade introduced from (1958 - 1968) much services to the Brigade parents for example advertence on Educational sector and founding many new schools in Brigade Arcadia , and building hospitals. In Agricultural sector it Supported from the domestic government in the Brigade for example Reissue the Farmlands and deployments poultry fields and carnages. And the management interested in the water sector so they completed building Darpandecan prevail in 1961 , and they finished the project of Khanaken canal in 1963 , for the Industrial sector , Industrial projects were Just nineteen project in the Brigade , the biggest activity in the dustry was acting in Oil industries in Khanaken. They discover many Archaeological areas after Excavating processes what happened in Baquba and Al - Meqdadea and Al - Khales from 1965 to 1966 , this reflects civilization advance to the Brigade and making great old civilization. Brigade of Dyala testified sport movement through of sport Unions in the Brigade like the football Union and Basketball Union , and Volleyball Union , and from the important sport events that testified it the Brigade in 10960 it is the meeting between the scholastically team in Dyala Brigade with a team from united states and there was inaugurating the first Swimming pool in Dyala Brigade in 1964. Brigade of Dyala begot many social personalities that make asocial and reformist activity , like mister Abd Al - Karem Al - Madani who adopt unific attitude between the creeds and the nationalisms and religions , for that Mr Abd Al - Karem communicate Dyala citizens of all their activities , like mirths and dolors and he helped the widows and the orphans , and he was give very much money to the poor people and communicate with the poor people who want to marriage , and he was applicator from the God to heals the sick people , so his acts was the power Brace of cohere Dyala people
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الجوانب الاقتصادية في المغرب والاندلس من خلال كتاب مسالك الابصار في ممالك الامصار لابن فضل الله العمري المتوفى سنة (749 هـ / 1348م) == The Economical Sides In Morocco And Andalus Through The Book Of Msalik Al - Absar In Momalik Al - Amsar For Ibn Fdhl Allah Al - Omari Died In 749A.H. / 1348 A.D

Author name: سعد قاسم علي السويعدي
Supervisor name: محمود تركي فارس اللهيبي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Ibn Fadl Allah Al - Omari is consider bright scholar in the horizon of writing and creating and the best scientist who left his finger prints in the different areas on the politic sociology, economy and intellectual fields.The study of the economical sides are not less important of studying the political and social sides, where studying the economical sides which are represented by agriculture, industry, and commeres in consider important in that they reflect the range of progress and prosperity which the countries have reached wether in morocco or andalus.The study was divided into four chapters, where chapter one was the maine gate to enter to the dissertation where tackle the writers life history (his name, surname, his instructors, his age, his occupations, other scientists's opinion on him, and his books which reached twenty books, the most important was msolik Al - Absar in mamalik Al - Amsar.As for chapter two we tackled the agricultural side in morocco and andalus, mentioning the most important tools used in orgicultur, the types of farming lands, the water sources of rains and springs, the most important crops eg. Serials, fruits and the fruitful and non fruitful trees, in addition to the fortune of animals in morocco and Andalus and their place of existence. Ending the chapter with the most important factors that effecting the agricultural production.And in the third chapter we tackled the industrial side starting with the metals like gold, silver, copper and non metallic metals like mercury, vermilion, crystals and rare stones like Rubies, agate, der and the most important industries like food staff, iron industries, lechear industries, paper industry, pottery, ships, and fobric industries conclusing the chapter with the most important were the security deterioration and the political instability.And in chapter four we tackled the commercial side starting with the markets in their two types the perminant and the temporary and the most importants weight and pecks which were used in morocco and Andalus and the types of currency and mony, the most important hotels, the prices which were almost effected by the public situations in the country in addition to the most important commercial roots wither in land or in marine, and the most important materials which were exported between maroccan cities from one side and between The different countries like morocco, sudon, The East, and Europe and The most important imports of Andalus from then from Rhe other side concluding The chapter with The most important factors effecting commerce like politics and fraud and also The Natural factors represented by The storms and Their effect in ships drawing.
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قطلونية : دراسة في احوالها العامة من الفتح الى سنة 422هـ/1030م == Catalonia Study On Its General Conditions From Victory Until 422 AH /1030 AD

Author name: سعاد بدير هاشم البهادلي
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم خيطان حسن الياسري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis included four chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion with a group of supplements that included tables, maps, and photographs of the region of Catalonia the first chapter deal with (Catalonia : a study in their geographical situations) has included this chapter titled vocabulary : Definition of the Iberian peninsula, the site of Catalonia, naming Catalonia, cities and town and acts of Catalonia, the nature of the surface of Catalonia, the climate of Catalonia, Catalonia plans and highlighted the landmarks.This research focused in the second chapter on conquest and stability in the Arab - Muslim Catalonia during the era of conquest and governors (92 - 138 A.H. / 710 - 755melada), and during the era of the emirate and caliphate (138 - 422 A.H. / 755 - 1030 A.D.) under the title of political activity and the military rulers of the Andalusians on Catalonia , and this chapter included several points such as : Conquest and stability of the Arab - Muslim in Catalonia during the era of conquest and the governors, and the conditions of Catalonia in the era of the emirate and caliphate, rebellion the people of Barcelona the year (157 - 162 A.H. / 773 - 778 A.D.) movement Hussein Bin Yahya Al - Ansari and the killing the governor of Barcelona (163 - 167 H.D / 7783 A.D.) rebellion of Matrouh Bin Suleiman Al - Alarabi in (Tartosha) (172 - 175 A.H. / 788 - 791 A.D.), public events in Catalonia (180 - 422H.D. / 796 - 1030 A.D.).The third chapter deal with the social situation of Catalonia, has deal society components of Catalonia, social classes, social activity in Catalonia, and the means of entertainment, clothing and uniforms, the status of women in Andalusian society.The fourth chapter has focused on the economy of the territory of Catalonia, and the role of each sector of agriculture, industry and trade industries such as cheese of Rum, also this chapter included the economic activities of Catalonia, events ,and systems all are in the basin of the economic study as well as this chapter included : types of land, water resources , irrigation and agricultural activity in Andalusia, and the grazing of livestock, types of crops, types of industries, types of trade, markets and injury, minuend and coinage , weights and measures and standards.
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الالهة الشابة المذكرة بين الموت والانبعاث في الشرق الادنى القديم : دراسة في الوظائف والصفات == The Male Young Deiteis Between Death And Resurrection In Anceint Near East A Studty In The Characters And Functions

Author name: سرى حسين علي الحسوني
Supervisor name: غسان عبد صالح
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The subject of this thesis is on of the most important subjects that is because it dealt with a content didn’t exist in any other study, it is also an attempt to understand the role of cosmos. The thesis also compared between the roles of these deities and show there and the role of each of them ,the role of them and what had been left of prints on his their society. So, to comprehend the subject as much as it could be, this study has been divided into four chapters preceded by a prelude devoted to explain the geographical sphere of the area of the research and a brief summery about each state of the enceinte Near East States and a conclusion : The first chapter : Includes the male young deities names and their worshiping places. It consisted of three sections ; the first section dealt with the deities names and there references where in it presented the meaning of each deity's name and its references. The second section dealt with the male young deities signals , which shows that each deity has signals distinguish it from the other deities. The third section emerges the geographical diffusion of the male young deities worshipping where the section shows the extent of the geographical spheres that these deities worshipped in them and the most distinguished temples of them. The second chapter : Includes the male young deities' functions and characters and it consisted of three sections. The first section dealt with the functions of the deities and emerges the importance of each function. The second section dealt with the character of these deities where we emerged in it the characters that distinguished each deity. The third section includes a comparison of these deities functions and characters. The third chapter : Dealt with studying the temporary death of the male young deities through three sections. The first section presented the ancient near east people thought about death and its terrors which represent the greatest enigma for human being. the second section detailed the temporary death of the male young deities where as for human being the immortal death is his fate , his deities were meeting a temporary death , and the section dealt with a comparison study of the male young deities. The forth chapter : Includes the male young deities resurrection and divided into three sections. The first section narrated the ancient near east people thought about resurrection which represents a solution to the enigma of death and an exit from it. The second section includes the resurrection of the male young deities which it was an attempt to understand the return of the breed and grow season return. While the third section consisted of a comparison to these deities resurrection. The conclusion of this study was an attempt to shed a light on the idea of death and resurrection of the male young deities in the ancient near east that reached to the following conclusions : Meanings references that are derivate from its functions which it has. Also the study explained the ancient worshipping of deity Dumuzy before the other deities where it worshipped in the forth millennium then the deity Auzeer then after it Baal and finally Telpino; so that is mean that worshipping the deity Dumuzy diffused from Mesopotamia to the rest of the near east countries to reach to the Nile Valley. Each of these deities has temples according the old instructions and texts. All these deities are associated in two functions which are the growth and life ; the death and resurrection. Also it was clear the functions of the deity Auzeer in the first state then the deity Baal then Dumuzy and finally Telpino , in adition to that the role of the deity Auzeer in the upper and lower worlds other than the other male young deities, and that was emerging from the religious Egyptian faith which interested in the lower world more than the upper world. Like the functions were the characters of the male young deities in similarity and differences. The study proved the belief of the ancient near east people in death and it is the fate of all people but at the same time the were afraid of it , so they put on the world of deaths nominees like darkness terror and also those who are running it of deities and devils. The study emerged the absence of all deities from the upper world , but that doesn't mean their all subjection to the real death; where the deity Telpino excepted from that because he canceled and didn't dye; and that absence was for a limited time according to the environment of each society ; except the deity Auzeer which remains in the lower world. The methods of death are associated among the three deities(Dumuzy,Azeer,Baal), according to one of the narratives they all killed, while differ in other narratives; this state also similar in wives.Resurrection wasn't strange on the people of Mesopotamia but they didn't adopt its faith not like the Egyptians who believed in it and considered it the exit of their worry on death , so they drew a nice picture to the after death world ; the same thing was for the Augharets and Hittites. The resurrection of deities were different. The resurrection of Dumuzy can not be happened without the existents of a another one go to the deaths world instead of him, while Auzeer resurrected by Izeas magic ways, the deity Baal resurrected by killing the enemy of the deity Mout and burning it and throwing its ash ; Telpino resurrected by a bee sting after that they held ceremonies to purify him from its anger.Finally the study emerged the importance of the male young deities role in the ancient near east in all the life joints, starting with the growth of plants passing to human being ending with animals
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زكريا محيي الدين ودوره العسكري والسياسي في مصر حتى عام 1968 == Zacariya Muhyiddin And His Military And Political Role In Egypt Until 1968

Author name: ساهرة سلمان حمادي الطائي
Supervisor name: علياء محمد حسين الزبيدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Many researchers and authors were interested greatly in the history of Egypt as one of the important Arab countries which had a great effect on the events witnessed by the Arab Homeland. However, there were effective characters who had a great role in Egypt's events and the Arab Homeland on whom the light was not shed and they were not studied objectively despite their different roles and situations. Zakariya Muhyiddin is regarded as the most prominent of these characters, so we need to study his life and his military, political and national role in Egypt because he was the most prominent political characters close to the president Jamal Abdul Nasir, making some characterize him with the second man of Egypt at that stage. The study nature necessitated dividing it into an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and a number of appendices. The first chapter addressed Zakariya Muhyiddin's family background and the construction of social self It included four sections. The first section contained a display of his social roots, a follow - up of his family, life, education, characteristics, hobbies, the medals and badges he gained, and the beginning of his relationship with Jamal Abdul Nasir. As to the second section, it was dedicated to his role in Palestine war 1948, while the third section was specified to the establishment of Al - Dhubat Al - Ahrar Organization and his membership in it, whereas the fourth section addressed the political developments in Egypt for the years (1950 - 1952). As to the second chapter, it was specified to his role in the revolution of 23rd of July 1952 including three sections. The first section tackled his role in the rise of the revolution of 23rd of July 1952. The second section dealt with his political and economic activity, while the third section comprised his political and international situation towards the revolution of 23rd of July 1952, whereas the fourth section discussed his situation towards Sudan issue and the conclusion of evacuation agreement. The third chapter came to shed the light on his role, the political developments in Egypt and his situation towards Arabic and international issues for the period (1954 - 1968), including four sections. The first section mentioned his situation towards the political developments for the period (1954 - 1956), while the second section addressed his role and the path pf the Egyptian political developments (1957 - 1964), whereas the third section was specified to his situation towards Arabic and international issues, the fourth section was confined to his role and the path of political and domestic developments for the years (1965 - 1967). We also showed the end of his political activity and his death. The study was ended by a conclusion dedicated to the most important conclusions within the light of the works and achievements fulfilled by Zakariya Muhyiddin in the fields he was responsible of.
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هجرة الاتراك الى المانيا الاتحادية 1961 - 1990م == The Migration Of Turks To Federal Germany (1961 - 1990)

Author name: ريزان جلال احمد
Supervisor name: صباح مهدي رميض القريشي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: After the Second World War, Turkey has confronted hard economic conditions, in addition to the defeat of Germany in the Second World War; a matter caused great destruction in its infrastructure and economic facilities as well as great causalities. All these reasons caused shortage in the labor market; a matter affected the country reconstruction capabilities, especially after creating Berlin's wall, which means that the man power was required, therefore the immigration was opened to many countries including Turkey since 1961. Thus, the dissertation was titled (The Immigration of Turks to Federal Germany 1961 - 1990, historical study). The dissertation was divided into four chapters, introduction and conclusion. The first chapter viewed the course of the political situations in both countries after the Second World War until 1960). This chapter contained two inquiries; the first one consisted of three articles, the first one was (Turkey and the developments of the political internally and externally), while the second one came under the title (The Democratic party and establishing the Turkish state’s Firms 1950 - 1960). The third one was titled (Turkey and the foreign relations system 1945 - 1960). The second inquiry discussed the problems of the Second World War and its consequences on Germany, reconstruction plans and the economic developments during the period (1945 - 1960). The second chapter discussed the subject of Turks immigration reasons, motivations and attraction factors of the receiving country the first migration attempts, where it included three inquiries, the first on came under the title (The Turkish immigration, its motivations and reasons), while the second one was titled (The attraction factors of the receiving country (Federal Germany) for the Turkish immigrants). The third inquiry was allocated to the (First attempts of Turkish workers migration and looking for work opportunities in Federal Germany. The third chapter discussed the (Turkish - German migration agreement, its terms, conditions and reflections on the Turkish immigrants in Federal Germany 1961 - 1974), where it consist of five inquiries; the first one discussed the prefaces of concluding the agreement and its conditions, while the second inquiry was allocated to the (Agreement of 30 November 1961 and its legal frame and joint work mechanisms). The third inquiry continued a brief on the (Geographical distribution map according to the rates of the immigrants from the Turkish governorates 1961 - 1974). The fourth inquiry discussed the (Backgrounds of Turkish immigrants and categorizing them according to educational qualification, professional diversity and the internal and external effects. The fifth inquiry was allocated to the (First generation of Turkish immigrants, review to their social and living conditions in the new home 1961 - 1974). The fourth chapter was titled "increasing the level of the Turkish immigration to Federal Germany and the position of the federal government of it 1974 - 1990). It included four inquiries, the first one came under the title (The Turkish immigrants and the pressure of the German laws to restrict the migration), while the second inquiry has discussed (The problems of Turkish immigrants to Federal Germany). The title of the third inquiry was (The Muslim Turks immigrants between the acceptance of Germans and their rejects). The fourth inquiry, was (Interfaces activity of Turkish immigrants in Federal Germany 1974 - 1990). The dissertation has reached several conclusions, including the declined Turkish economy, which caused wide protest among the people against the economic policy of Turkish government that caused economic problems especially in countryside; in addition to the increase of unemployment rates, which led to immigration to Federal Germany. Turkish Kurdistan suffered from severe backwardness in comparison with other Turkish regions. They also suffered from forcing the displacement to the west areas of Turkey, which caused the emergence of several Kurdish movements in these areas, but all were depressed by the state, a matter led to the migration of those people to Federal Germany, escaping oppression and demanding better life conditions. The Turkish migration to the Federal Germany called the guest workers according to the Turkish - German agreement of 30 October 1961, to fill the gap of working hands, to reconstruct Germany. Women had a share in the Turkish migration, but less than the men. The Turkish migration to Germany continued in spite of the ban of employment in 1973, and the strict procedures imposed by the German government. Perhaps the most outstanding problem from which the Turkish migrants suffers was the identity and assimilation to the new home, where many Germans consider Muslims as unable to assimilate to the Western culture. The guest workers of the first generation were not considered immigrated workers, but they are formed with their families a Turkish cultural and economic community known as the ghetto. The Turkish migrants to Germany established societies and political organizations, which took the task of demanding their rights in Turkey. For the reverse immigration, a very little portion of the Turkish immigrates, especially the first generation decided to return home, while the second and third generations had preferred to stay in their new home. However, the decision to reunite the two Germanys had affected the level of Turkish migration to, and did not prosper until more than 3 years.
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امنة الصدر (بنت الهدى) 1937 - 1980م : دراسة تاريخية == Amina Alsadir (Bnt Alhuda) 1937 - 1980 (Historical Study)

Author name: ريام احمد عبد الزبيدي
Supervisor name: كريم مراد عاتي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of historical personality consider as one of the significant studies as to its relation to historical events , especially if these personalities experienced unannounced rule , in another hand what add importance to these historical personality that is not limited to men only but also women have widespread rule and that push the researcher to choose these personality in particular as she played a significant rule directly related with modern Islamic movement , nearly a little academic studies have mentioned a feminine personality which strongly attached to historical events in particular those whose practice their deeds secretly and haven’t clearly announced ,accordingly the researcher through this study seeks to spot the light on the social , educational and political rule of woman rule through the study of feminine personality as model of Iraqi woman (Amina Haider Al Sader) whose acted a significant rule on the social , educational and political level. According to the duration of the study is limited with a period (1937 - 1980 a.m) represented by the subject of study which is her personal life that involves on many topics associated with the different suggestions , thoughts and visions of the personality whereas the study includes a discussion for some suggestions and thoughts that associated with woman and the modern Islamic visions toward her also discuss the literature works of Amina Al - Sadir that indirectly oriented toward woman whereas she suggested some problems that face woman in the social life and she also suggested some suitable solutions for them through the principles of Islamic law which rise the woman state, some of these thoughts presented by literature stories. The study include the educational and social rule of Amina Alsadir that presented through many educational and social platforms represented by her supervisions on non - government girl schools in addition to make many awareness conferees by which many of her Islamic visions has been suggested. The study also contain the political activity of Amin Al - Sadir that acted by various periods of her life that consider as completion of her social activity and important part of it, in addition to her directed conflict with political regime until her martyrdom. Through study of this personality the research conclude many finding , the most important are Amina Al - Sadir act one part of modern Islamic movement through her relationship with her brother Mohammed Baqir Al - Sadir, in addition to suggested thoughts and visions that suggested by Amina represented as a link between the modern reality and Islamic principles in a direct way, Amina was so far from of being rigorist to reach her restricted theory to woman to make her feel her state in the society and prepare her in socially and educationally so she can educate a generation whose have aim and restricted destination whereas Amina endeavored the educational base of woman strong to practice her rule in society in a completed way and can stand against to anti - Islamic theories firmly and strongly and in order to achieve this ,Amina started her preparation of woman by identify the importance of her state in Islam and society to support her confidence consequently to prepare awareness generation of women
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مخــطوطات البحر الميت : دراسة في الطائفة الاسينيـة == The Manuscripts Of The Dead Sea A Study Of The Essenion Community

Author name: رائد رحيم خضير
Supervisor name: غسان عبد صالح
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study is the first comprehensive study of the Academy in Iraq and the Arab world, on the subject of the Dead Sea Scrolls the study Essenes community. To facilitate the study of the subject was divided into two parts ; the first was titled "Dead Sea Scrolls", and included three chapters, distributor each and every one of them on two sections, a comprehensive study of the area of Qumran geographically included The reason for the settlement and the stages through which the region, as well as the entire revenue of the story the discovery of manuscripts by Jordanian shepherd Mohammed Deeb Altamera, with a full description of what was found in eleven caves, sealing the first chapter lists the era notation manuscripts and its ownership and the languages that are written. The second section of the first chapter of this section Fajts talking about the contents of the caves, which divided the researcher to biblical manuscripts and scrolls Mnholh, scripts authored by the sect that inhabited Qumran area. The second chapter of the first section , it is the other distributor on two sections , the first included a comprehensive study of the geographical, cultural and political terms the findings desolate area refunded and the Valley of the boxes , the second topic is to study the cultural and political impact of these discoveries through the semi - detailed for the most important translations of the Old Testament to explain. The third chapter he put under the title of "waste material", which is also divided into two sections from the first physical residue of the remains of the settlement of Qumran study, while the second section, examining a discovery of the money and the position of the sect started manuscripts from this site housing.The second section, Vtalv of three seasons, and was placed under the title "A Study in Al Essenes community," included the first chapter two sections, the first chapter in which to talk about the origins of Alosinyin and derive their name and the meaning and origin and prepare them in Palestine. The second section of this chapter has been devoted to the study of the relative links and intellectual Al Essenes with communities in the region, such as Al - assideens , Mtaahidi Damascus, Alasah, Alsekara, and others.The second chapter is also on two sections, the first of it to study the political connections of Essenes with Jewish groups, such as (Al Machabee, Sadducees, Al Pharisiens). The second section of this chapter, it is the political links Essenes with non - Jewish elements (the Nabataea's, Romans, Seleucids). The third and final chapter is about organizational beliefs of the sect Al Essenes , and talk about the separation of the regulatory side of the Al Essenes and Conditions join them and their rejection of earthly delights and commitment loi Mosaic, and appended thesis conclusion included the most important findings of the researcher.
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الرواية التاريخية عند الشيعة الامامية في احداث القرن الاول الهجري : دراسة تحليلية للمصادر حتى القرن السابع الهجري == The Historical Novel When Shiites Forehand To Bring About The First Century, An Analytical Study Of The Sources Until The Seventh Century

Author name: رافد عبد الحسن ماهور الجادري
Supervisor name: حسين داخل زويهي البهادلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
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مدينة صور من الفتح الاسلامي حتى القرن السابع الهجري : دراسة في احوالها العامة == The City Of Surfrom The Islamic Conquest Until The Seventh Century A.H. A Study Of The General Conditions

Author name: خالـدة عباس نصيف الزهيري
Supervisor name: غنية ياسر كباشي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: When I have chosen (The City of Sur from the Islamic Conquest until the Seventh Century A.H.)I had to be obliged to the conducting of work towards that work in a decent war. I had to tackle the city from all angles : politically, economically, socially in poverty and prosperity. I have passed through the stages of the life in the city from the beginning of the Rashdi Caliphate )orthodox caliphs (and then passing through the degeneration era to the weakness which made it difficult from the Fatimid state to protect the fortified borderline cities and that has made them cede the city to the Turk leaders, who worked hard to protect them from the Crusade attacks. Thus, the affiliation of the city went to the protégé of the Tolonian and Akhshedia states. The weakness of the later led to the fall of the latter led to the conquest of the Levant in the hands of Saladin. This period was one of the most dangerous periods as far as the city age is concerned. This is because those who escaped the conquered cities agglomerated in the city of Sur and it has become a fort from the forts of the Crusades. The city has been exposed to years of devastation as it represents a coastal city on shore from which the enemy can penetrate. From the other aspects, we concluded that the city is one of the best cities. It was known in the fishery and pottery making and textile. It is a Shiite stronghold in Lebanon. Through the study we found that the city of Sur is prosperous in trade, industry, and intellectuality. We concluded that the Sur community was prevailed in peace and simplicity. Now, we have ended the research I mention the most important findings of the study like that the city of Sur was a cradle of civilization Phoenician cities. The matter of rope was imported from Egypt which is used in ship making. The wood was brought from the nearby forests in Carthage city, which competed with Rome in the command of the Mediterranean Sea since the sixth century. The Suris excelledin textile and weaving and the purple dye which the Phoenicians kept secret to monopolize the formulae. The water passages which arrived at the city of Sur. Sur was one of the oldest cities in coinage and the spread of the Sur dinar until the very last day of its fall indicates its richness. Since the year (69 - 79 BC) Sur began to mintcoins as an autonomous entity. In the era of Emperor Trajan (119 - 98 BC) the Sur was known for mintage and the Emperor Hadrian a Metropolis. The Emperor Siphrios raised the degree to a colony and they were regarded as Roman citizens. The paper industry was also known in Sur.
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دور ائمة اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) في الحياة العامة (183 - 256هـ/799 - 870م) == The Role Ahlulbait (Peace Be Upon Them) In Public Life (183 - 256 A.H\ 799 - 870 A.C)

Author name: حيدر عبد السادة شداوي
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم خيطان حسن الياسري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Praise be to God, who sent down the Criterion to His servant to be a harbinger for workers and peace and blessings on Muhammad, the illiterate Prophet whom God sent a witness and a missionary and a harbinger and calling for God's ear and lamp illuminating. Did not know the history captured as a family of Abi Talib penned glory crown at the junction of jihad lost her right Vttalbh patiently and consistently struggling bad ones cynical of their armies smiling to die crowned right Va - i - hdoa satisfied them comforting their consciences Sabrin Sabra beautiful raises Avannin admiration and admiration and radiates the colors of appreciation and reverence. Tnaasra enemies of the Immaculate family to fight it and invented the invention colors of doom and bulldozed kinds of heinous murder, And they hated the house (peace be upon them), but accused the owners of the right.Ara rulers haters did the Prophet (peace be upon them), but no edema. Sabo and severe shares on children and women and men to abandon their humanity, and in reckless foolish pigmentation foreheads actors Bhnan evil souls and become another of these martyrs (peace be upon them) newly tells the story circulating stories where people find glory and toughness right tale. Vmutiroa him and on choosing and they wrote with their blood because it contains the seed of renewed life. Despite the large number of enemies of this family were unsuccessful attempts to eradicate them fail.In perpetual trip between sheets of history in search of the truth and Tgosaia experience deep human actors struck me some of the names gleaming leading figures who have had the active role the constant and tender in the Islamic Shari'ah service and movement religious scholars over the centuries, is the most prominent of those figures are Ahlulbait peace who can Mtaatbaan them and researchers through the study of their lives and their careers to learn about the broad effort large and hardship they have made in order to uphold the banner of Islam and the preservation of religion from identity theft wrongdoers and interpretation of the ignorant, in addition to their positive attitude is clear about the serious circumstances surrounding the nation and the Islamic, which tried to change the line of Islam on the track after an absence Great Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon God for leadership Theater.With this in mind we've to choose the subject which deals with the biography of some imams Ahlulbayt and their role in public life in the third century and of religious and secular their interests and their responsibilities towards society and the parish at the time, is no secret that when we study the lives of those Imams peace be upon them as a whole and link the activities and attitudes of some some note that the fabric of one and planning an interconnected complements mutually aims to maintain the frequency of the debt through the generations and show Sharia according to the right approach corresponding to the words of God Almighty and the words of the Holy Messenger, bless God and God and peace, or the purpose behind his choice due to several reasons, including : The study in this letter deals with attitudes and opinions of imams peace and their role for them in social life and the other based on the perception of college instead of a fractional view of any perception of the imams in a comprehensive manner is the image of single every front, this thus gives a clearer picture of the roles they undertake all in the life of the Islamic and arguably that on the basis of that view that we go out the results of the largest and broadest of the total outcome of the fractional studies.
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منهج الداعي الفاطمي ادريس عماد الدين وموارده بالسبع السابع من كتاب عيون الاخبار وفنون الاثار

Author name: حيدر جابر عبد جبر الربيعي
Supervisor name: علي عطية شرقي الكعبي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الحمد لله الذي لا تحصى نعمه ولا تعد فضائله والصلاة والسلام على رسوله الامين ابي القاسم محمد والة الطيبين الطاهرين ومن سار على نهجهم واتبع خطاهم بصدق الى يوم الدين. في ختام هذه الدراسة الموسومة (منهج الداعي ادريس عماد الدين وموارده في السبع السابع من كتاب
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الـمرويات التاريخية لهشام بن حسان المتوفى : 147ه/ 764م == The Historic Novels Of Hisham Ibn Hassan (147A.H\ 764A.C)

Author name: حنان شهاب احمد الشمري
Supervisor name: سعاد هادي حسن الطائي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Thankfully, the first with no beginning, and the other without end, immortal without expiration, the Creator without following the example, Bari is the requirement, and peace and blessings on the best wild Mahtda, and Otehrhm generator, and Osalbhm glossary, and mushrikeen Madza, Mohammed a great creations, and methods of orthodoxy, and his family good pure.After : the Islamic nation gave birth to a lot of personalities who have served the Islamic history with images of various and so save them and their version of Narratives which dealt with aside "whatever" of Islamic history and witnessed the events have had a significant impact in changing the ascension of history in general, and they do so they kept the course of that period of During their version of events, and between those characters : (Hisham bin Hassan Basri).And personal Hisham referred stigmatized them, in terms of confidence, even if some have described a selected elite who seconded itself to serve the Sunnah, did not Stadtha, hence the importance of studying, (Almruyat historical Hisham bin Hassan Basri) to look in his own way to collect them, and those who heard, and Onthlha, and how the photos from the mouths of its resources, who gathered in their chests, he is the one who, folded deserts and wasteland to saved in all the regions, and have made for that hearing, and gave their ages, and guarded it, and kept its laws, Vtnagulwh Capra for Capper, and swept him like what he heard the first of them to the last of them, and dear God to them that the wisdom of it to save his religion, guarding his law. In spite of all the adversity and events in Islamic history, kept us this great Secretariat and passed on to subsequent generations, they took it for services and the greatest of Islam, with a lack of resources available to them at that time, but what is available today to accomplish in history, the first and science is nothing What if a bit of a century and the possibilities of modern means in the printing and the search for sources. Under the guidance of the scholars, especially my teachers esteemed, and guidance of Almighty God chose topic being includes within it, a model and one of the advanced generation in the Arab Islamic history, Vtmachit with him through Mroyate, for the purpose of showing its role in keeping the heritage of this nation and how others adopt it by taking him , and the inclusion of his novels in the most important sources of the Arab Islamic history, a biographical works and the Hadith.The study of such magnitude, must be fraught with some difficulties, which was in the forefront of the lack of information on the translation of his personal life. The other difficulty Vtmthelt, lack of sources that talk about Mroyate in the Abbasid period, and that if there had to shed light on an important era of his life and his position Some of the events in, and the large number of difficulties scientific research supplied by historical novels written Sunan within its parts amounting to forty - two.The study has been organized in, an introduction, four chapters, and a conclusion; came first chapter under the title (the biography of Hisham bin Hassan and the circumstances of his time) by, three sections, devoted the first part, for (a biography of Hisham bin Hassan), which dealt with his personal life and included his name and lineage and his nickname, his title and his birth and his family, and his death; while the second section entitled (the era of Hisham bin Hassan), which dealt with political, economic and cultural his time The third section is the (scientific status of Hisham bin Hassan) dealt with his request for information, and scientific trips, and his elders and his disciples.Chapter II has carried the name of (historical Almruyat to Hisham bin Hassan from the prophets), included two sections, included the first section, Narratives Hisham bin Hassan prophets peace be upon them, while the second topic dedicated to (historical Almruyat to Hisham bin Hassan from the Prophet Mamed) has It included historical Mroyate from the Prophet's era of Prophet source ? until his death, and his wives, as well as some of the characters that lived with the Prophet.The third chapter was entitled, (historical Almruyat to Hisham bin Hassan for Rashidi and Umayyad and Abbasid) and Qaeda SHTML two sections Investigation, First topic was titled (historical Almruyat to Hisham bin Hassan for age - Rashidi (11 - 41h / 632 - 661m) and the Ahl al - Bayt), while the second section, (historical Almruyat to Hisham bin Hassan from the Umayyad period (41 - 132h / 661 - 749m) and Abbasid (132 - 147 AH / 632 - 764 AD), while catch the fourth chapter is devoted to (Hisham bin Hassan resources and approach) We put it to the most important resources Hisham bin Hassan that drew them Mroyate and the foundations of the selection of historical material, and style of presentation, as well as a display method, and the finale, it has dealt with the most important conclusions reached by the subject of the study.
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البنك المركزي العراقي 1947 - 1964 : دراسة تاريخية == The Central Bank Of Iraq 1947 - 1964 Historical Study

Author name: حسين زعيل حالوب الموسوي
Supervisor name: اميرة حسين محمود الكريمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The Central Bank is considered the ultimate financial government facility that governs mainly on the banking and financial system of each country. The responsibility of this central bank is to issue the currency and working as an advocate to the government, and monitoring other branching banking systems. In addition, they central bank monitors the credit to support the economic growth of the country. The central bank carries on its shoulder the economic stability of the country. Due to the significance of this facility, it behooves me to uncover the history of central bank of Iraq. The idea of founding the central bank of Iraq goes back to 1920 after the formation of the first Iraqi government. The government decided to obtain and solidify the economic independence. The British experts who were assigned on this mission recommended to form a primary currency committee to be situated later in London. As a result of the consistent demands of Iraqi people to found an independent central bank, the authorities later subdued and issued the Iraqi law of currency No. 44 of the year 1931. Based on this law, the Iraqi committee of currency was formed. After the WWII in 1939 - 1945 the idea of the central bank surfaced the public demands but due to internal and external circumstances interfered and delayed the foundation. The year 1947 witnessed the issuance of Law No.42 of the year 1947. The Central Bank of Iraq was founded accordingly. This Central Bank is considered one of the oldest banks in Middle East. The bank initiated its activities in July 11 1947 and was considered a symbol of national independence. According to the Law No. 42 of 1947 (The Iraqi National Currency Law), the jurisdictions of issuing currency was assigned to the Iraqi National Bank. The Iraqi National Bank influenced the growth of Iraqi economy especially after thoughtfully spreading its financial policy through loans to banking faculties with easy interests and limiting interest levels that the bank receives on discounted offers of the trade banks. Due to that thoughtful banking policy, the country transformed from a depending financial system (Currency Committee) to a semi - independent financial system but connected indirectly to the Sterling Zone of British government. In 1949, the Iraqi National Bank initiated its activities as a fully authorized central Bank. The first currency bills were coined in that year that carries its logo in September 17th 1950. By the same year, the Central Bank started to monitor international transactions in addition to legislating the law of banks monitoring No. 34 of 1950. Moreover, in 1956, the Iraqi government’s accounts and deposits were transferred from Al - Rafidain Bank to The Iraqi National Bank and the same year witnessed the birth of law No. 72 detailing the Iraqi Central Bank policy. According to this law, the terms of the National Bank were drawn and witnessed an increase in its capital to reach 15 Iraqi millions. In July 1958, the Kingdom regime was toppled in Iraq and was replaced by the Republican regime. This transformation of government regime overshadowed many of the Iraqi government laws of which was the Iraqi currency law. In July 1959, the Iraqi government issued law No. 92 of 1959 (The Iraqi law of currency). According to this law, a new set of currency bills was issued that carried the logo of the Iraqi Republic Regime. In the same month, Iraq declared its independence from the Sterling Zone and accomplished the complete economic independence. Later, the mission of managing the Iraqi financial policy was assigned to the Central Bank of Iraq. Fast forward to July 1960, an official decision was made by the Iraqi government forbade the transactions of any currency other than that one carrying the logo of the Republic of Iraq. This decision was implemented in 31st of January 1961. It is worth to mention that the year 1961 witnessed the encoding of another law. The law is entitled 19th to monitor the foreign transactions. According to this law, the Central Bank was assigned main authorities to monitor foreign transactions. Additionally, the very law stipulated that all forms of payment other than Iraqi currency is subject to rules of foreign transactions policies. The Central Bank of Iraq during the period of 1947 through 1964 exercised bureaucratic activities without significant influence on the economic growth since it was chained to proceed according to the Sterling Zone and the internal government policies that crippled and subdued it. In conclusion, on the 14th of July 1964, the Communist laws were legislated to nationalize multiple Iraqi facility from the foreign control. One of the nationalized facilities was the economic facility of which was the national Bank of Iraq
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الرواية التاريخية في كتاب (غرر الفوائد ودرر القلائد) للشريف المرتضى المتوفى (436هـ/1044م) == The Historical Novel In The Book (Ghurar Al - Fawaed And Durar Al - Qalaed) For Al - Sharif Al - Murtadha Deceased (436 AH / 1044 Ac)

Author name: حسام داخل علي
Supervisor name: مثنى فليفل سلمان الفضلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: We have cemented in the mind of many of us, that foreign control of resources of any country, especially if that control directly. It will lead to paralysis and disable a lot of those institutions of a political nature was the mother of the state's social or scientific, but perhaps in all walks of life. However, the specialist study of history, and from the history of Islam, could be up after research and investigation and take the necessary time to study a certain period of time, while making painstaking effort between the folds of historical pages, up to the facts may be a far cry from what we have referred to in advance, but may prove Facts new historical, that the foreign occupation and domination of Atakhlu positive effects in certain aspects of the life of that society. Including the period of our research and tagged {historical novel in the book (and pearls tricked benefits necklaces) for Sharif Murtada deceased (436 AH / 1044 AD)}. Since Albuehip control (334 - 447h / 945 - 1055m), the bulk of the capabilities of the Abbasid state in Baghdad. And who directly. As dazzling and striking at this stage is the development of a lot of aspects, including the activity and the growth of the scientific movement in Baghdad, because of this close association nature of our address, where the spread of the seminars that are part of that growth and intellectual activity and scientific. For this Fmma is no doubt that Mr. Murtada and his family the top is one of those productions for that time period. However, this does not mean that does not lead us to say that without this occupation because it is apparent that Mr. Galilee, but we want to say that with all the negatives that accompanies any foreign control over the destiny of a country, perhaps she the same time be a catalyst for the advancement of society in the areas of what, was the prophet Sharif Murtada, who wowed the Muslim world Bsjalath intellectual many in number and type, and his works, became the flag of the Islamic nation and Jhbma of Jhabztha in that historical period, and this is seen by many scientists and historians until he became named Sharif star with doctrine Imami duodenum, but an old man of the great elders, which issued the religious leadership of the Shia Imami. And he had a clear role in preserving the heritage of the Islamic nation in general, and especially the Shia Ithna; Mr. Sharif alMurtaza was the repository of many of the sciences that Nhlha of his teachers and elders Venerable, who schooled on their hands, and is reflected in the variety of his compositions. It was so scientific encyclopedia for Aanill trough, Venhl of his abundant many students, his home until he became a popular destination and a platform for seminars. That the purpose of the study of this inimitable personal and that was particularly important in forensic science and scientific Bmosusah, which dominated the scientific character, which some called to deny him a depth of knowledge of historical events, which are an essential part of the scientific personality, and that the cave between the folds of novels and historical events for different ages we have quoted in chapters of this letter, which addressed one of his books that we are going to study them. History as we know, is built on the foundations of a very important time and place is human, the group including the individual, and these pillars are often shared by many human sciences, and perhaps in the forefront of forensic science. The study of any authorized branches can not resign from the study of history according to each individual subject. Therefore, we find that the book (tricked benefits and dryer necklaces) has contained a lot of the verses of the Holy Quran and the Hadith, and support Mr. Murtada all that a lot of poetry and prose, was that Mr. Murtada one of Avmaz and the pillars of the Islamic world in general, and Imami jurisprudence duodenum in particular. The fact that all scientific effort is not without its small difficulties were large and is connected nature of the subject to be searched, so we see that the book methodology (tricked benefits and dryer necklaces) for Sharif Murtada had neglected to mention the bulk of the dates of the events and historical novels cited mention poked jurisprudential Besides very brief in the matter of historical facts, which require listed, and the historic nature of our approach to this study, exposure to refer to most of the historical sources that we have reached, and which varied in the disruption. The goal is to reach the origin of the novel or the historic event after viewing the report by Mr. Murtada in his ambiguity on those sources to determine the proportion of congruence and difference and in doing so get out the fact that historic event, and that too with the help of the views of some historians modern and views regarding dictum by writing this letter. One of the things that have been neglected in the book of ambiguity is not to mention the dates of those events. But we and the help of God we were able to evacuate this difficulty through what we mentioned above, the nature of the approach taken, where shows that between the folds of the chapters of this letter which contained this introduction, four chapters and an epilogue, came the first chapter, addressing in three axes, the first of which may be defined on the Biography vitae of Mr. Murtada and his family are honest, while the second axis has included mention of scientific life of Mr. Murtada and definition elders Mr. Murtada who are Oaazationm Imami elders who have the NHL galore knowing Shaykh Saduq (d. 381 AH / 991 AD), and Sheikh useful (d 413 AH / 1022 AD), with claims of Prophet Murtada Imami Twelver after his death, came in this axis also mentioned a number of his students venerable, who popularized prominence throughout the Muslim world Kalnjashi (d. 450 AH / 1058 AD), and Tusi (d. 460 AH / 1067 AD) and others, and is no doubt that such a world must leave the inter literature and workbooks that formed Aretha major scientific percent exceeded author in various forms of knowledge as we got it today, has become an important source should be referred to in the study, each according to its requirements, particularly for students of jurisprudence Imami duodenum, even scientists and historians said the sayings with altitude its status, it is what we see in a few right. Finally, the third axis of this chapter we dealt with the book that we have studied and we were able, with God's help come up with all the information arcane detail about him, the reasons for the book Voahtna named and described the nature of his themes and so on. The second chapter, which collected the historical narrative of the three eras, the pre - Islamic era and the message finally caliphate and the reason for this combination are the requirements of scientific methodology in finding a balance between the chapters of the message. It was the third quarter came under the historical novel of the era of the Umayyad address. And Mr. Murtada Khtmanaha era historical novel, the meaning here Abbasid era... and that was a title for the fourth quarter and last. And we finished our study to prove and install a number of findings that resulted during our trip school with these wonderful and personal meditation in his book (tricked benefits and dryer necklaces), which is also known Balomala... All of this was under Conclusion address. In conclusion, we ask God Almighty to have been successful for the completion of this message and to gain satisfaction and satisfaction of Muhammad and the pure satisfaction of our Lord Sharif al - Murtaza (Jerusalem secret); and finally satisfaction of my professors Distinguished members of the defense committee, which Sevadon the views and perspectives of scientific view and that will fill some of the gaps that scientific effort, which would make it more scientific and sedate. Vdzahm God and the people of prophecy House (peace be upon them), the best penalty box. The penalty for them is to pray for them Bmofiqih safety and security for themselves and their beloved Iraq. Peace, mercy and blessings of God.
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جريدة الزمان وموقفها من التطورات السياسية الداخلية في العراق (1945 - 1958) : دراسة تاريخية == Al - Zaman Newspaper And It'S Attitude Towards The Internal Political Developments In Iraq 1945 - 1958 Historical Study

Author name: بشار نعيم علي
Supervisor name: كريم مراد عاتي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The press is still one of the most important means of codification of historical events , because of its importance in the recording and analysis of political positions , especially the events in Iraq after World War II, which saw significant political developments and bitter struggle continued until 1958 to acquire power. And the importance of these events prompted us the essential need to study and learn the opinion of independent civil journalism, of those developments and conflicts. The choice of the newspaper Al - Zaman for the study being published in one of Baghdad's local newspapers that do not belong to any political party , they do not represent any religious component or a class , as well as being a successful Iraqi newspapers, and The complexity of the topics addressed by the Gazette and plentiful and diverse , require limited study on the domestic political front in Iraq between ( 1945 - 1958 ). The message material distributed according to its requirements to the front and four chapters and an epilogue , we addressed in the first chapter : the founding of the newspaper Al - Zaman and factors of intellectual and administrative composition, the process of issuance and follow us sustain and even went through the social , cultural and political composition of the editorial board of the newspaper starting his concession Tawfiq Sam'ani to her through to other editors, then he continued in order to learn their language and the printing press and news sources , classify and structure until the stoppage. Chapter II focused on the study of the position of the newspaper Al - Zaman of internal political developments ( 1945 - January 6, 1949 ). Chapter III continued position of the newspaper Al - Zaman of internal political events during the period (1949 - January 29, 1953 ). The fourth chapter is devoted to the study of the position of the newspaper Al - Zaman of internal political developments between (1953 - 1958). The newspaper Al - Zaman at the forefront of newspapers that called for the resurrection of democratic life and called for constitutional freedoms, and the establishment of political parties , and defended freedom of the press and called for reform of laws that restrict freedom of expression , as noted in many of her articles about the poor condition of the country and the deterioration of its situation, it became pregnant Gazette political responsibility for that degradation. The position of the newspaper Al - Zaman was not confined to the inner side, Apple exceeded that and defended the spirit of nationalism and clear all liberal Arab issues, denouncing the colonial policies of domination against the sons of the Arab nation , although it has avoided more often criticize the attitude feeble than those abuses of the Iraqi government, as of We could promise that the technique that helped her not to draw the government's view in the disabled, has given the plan to continue to work , in order not to be counted among the left - wing opposition newspapers authority. We have proved the newspaper through her articles that it was successful in many of the conclusions that have already got, probably stems from the strength of the culture of the board of writers and editors, who were followers good events, and sustained in the supplement and enrich the numbers Gazette comprehensive information , which came to analyze events and the statement causes. It is also the integrity and its national curriculum confirmed through the nobility of intellectual, political, social and economic purpose, which is drawn on the number of pages, since those ends showed through national and pan constructive articles, which are outlined in a lot of national positions, particularly oil issues and attempts nationalized
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المرويات التاريخية عن العراق وبلاد الشام في كتاب تاريخ حوادث الزمان وانبائه ووفيات الاكابر والاعيان من ابنائه لابن الجزري المتوفى (738هـ/1338م) == Historical Texts About Iraq And Syria From Tarikh Hawadith Al - Zaman Wa - Anba,Uhu Wa - Wafayat Al - Akabir Wa - Al - A'Yan Min Abn,Ihi By Ibn Al - Ja (738 AH/1338 Ad

Author name: ايمان عبد الجبار محمود التميمي
Supervisor name: مشتاق كاظم عاكول المياحي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: In the light of exposing historical relates mentioned by (Ibn Al - Jazri), the study gets to a number of matters : 1 - The Book of (Tarikh Hawadith Al - Zaman) known as the history of (Ibn Al - Jazri) died in (739AH - 1339AD) is our study case. This book is an important since it includes a historical period concerned with different sides of life under Mamalik political era including the religious, social and economic sides. Besides, the book concerned with deaths and was as a witness for aspects of that life. The book presented news that might not be found in other historians.2 - The book exposes accurate details about political and military (Damascus), whereof (Ibn Al - Jazri) talked about the death of Sultan (Sayf Al - Din Qilawin) and how his son Sultan (Khalil) was killed. Accordingly, his brother Sultan (Al - Nair Muhammad) ascended the throne. The book frequently talked about the throne forcibly taken from Sultan (Nasir), but he got it back and remained in the throne until his death. The book also talked about great achievements occurred during the era of Sultan (Al - Nasir), wherein (Ibn Al - Jazri) spent most of life, together with achievements Sultan fulfilled in neighboring cities.3 - The book talked about absolute authority Sultan ( Al - Nasir) gave it to the prince of Sham (Tankaz Bin Abdullah Al - Hussami) whose rein characterized with stability and security for the people due to economic achievements including lands reform, building , water , taxes reduce and other achievements. It has been indicated through our reading these events , that Bilad Al - Sham was economically prosperous via the agriculture that gave it a very prominent geographical site since it was located near the mountain of (Qasyun) and near the rivers. Moreover, there prevailed industry, office of taxes and internal and external trade prosperity as to encourage Sultans to do more.4 - The book depicted life of the people, along with their happiness, traditions, social, national and religious ceremonies. Ibn Al - Jazri talked about social appearances for Ruling family as Sultans and princes ( their daughters marriage or marriage of one of them in addition to luxury. (Ibn Al - Jazri) also concerned with religious and national ceremonies for other people ( non - Muslims) lived side by side with Muslims in Damascus. 5 - The book exposes all religious and cultural sides during Mamluki era through establishing schools , mosques and appointing efficient teachers, judges ( with all religious references) who were living in Damascus. The book concerned with the prominent men's religious ceremonies. Hence the book was a real mirror to expose cynicism in BiladAl - Sham and it mentioned the most prominent figures of cynicism in Bilad Al - Sham at that time. 6 - Despite the author concerned with the history of Bilad Al - Sham, Egypt extremely,but he did not confine himself at this point , rather he exceeded to include news of other neighboring countries just like Iraq ,Yemen and others as India, Habasha and Binghal. 7 - The historical subject included in this book being mostly regarded as an accurate one, sometime, the author tends to summarize the details, depending on the sources.8 - The book did not depend only on observations of (Ibn Al - Jazri), but it exceeded that by depending on his interviews and his relations with Shaykhs and talks delivered to him from his father, his uncles and his relatives.9 - The book mentioned wonders and strangers and some jokes happened in the city of (Ibn Jazri) (Damascus) or received news from other countries via sources he relied on in his book. The book also included simple colloquial words of his city (Damascus).10 - The book included poetry, poems and recitations which (Ibn Al - Jazri) organized about prominent figures in addition to other tales recited to him by prominent figures about their life. Thus, the book has considered as a literary one since it includes names of books and volumes. It is worthy to be mentioned that the author translated in it (the book) for himself, for his sons, for his brothers and for his relatives. Despite a lot of writers wrote about him (Ibn Al - Jazri), but their details were simple and abridged exceeding not more than few lines, even if they were contemporary with him or were directly contacting with him.
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حسين جميل ودوره السياسي في العراق 1954 - 1968 == Hussein Jameel And His Political Role In Iraq (1954 - 1968)

Author name: اية جميل عباس محمد
Supervisor name: جمعة عليوي فرحان الخفاجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of famous characters is a very important issue, because through them we can know the facts and the events that they contemporaries and of which contributed significantly in shaping and formulating the events at that time. The contemporary history of Iraq had witnessed the emerging of a number of very important characters and among them Hussein Jameel.The title of this study is "Hussein Jameel and His Political Role in Iraq 1954 - 1968". Hussein Jameel led the Democratic Movement in Iraq, and combined in his personality : the lawyer, the political, the thinker and the writer. He devoted his life to the project of renaissance based on the rule of the law and the human rights. This thesis is a complementary to another one, which studied Hussein's jameel character since his birth 1908 until 1954. It has been divided into : Introduction, Preface, Three Chapters and a conclusion. The Preface has dealt with a brief summary of his personal life.Chapter one has highlighted his activities and his political attitudes in between 1954 - 1958. He participated in establishing the National Congress Party 1956. This chapter also presents Hussein's Jameel apposed attitudes towards Baghdad alliance, and his attitudes towards the most important Arab issues such as : the Palestinian and the Algerian issues, and the tripartite aggression against Egypt. He supported all the Arab issues financially and morally, and he had connections with the organization of the Free Officers "Al - thubat Al - ahrar". He was also a liaison between President Gamal Abdel Nasser and Lawyer Union, in which he had became the Head President 1953 - 1957, and after that he was chosen as the General - which he defended the lawyers' rights and participated in several conferences which were devoted to develop the reality of the unions in the Arab land, pursuing and supporting the Arab issues.Chapter two had handled the drafting of Hussein's Jameel to the Interim Iraqi Constitution in 1958, after the 14th of July Revolution in 1958; which organized the working system of the state during the transition period. Then he became the Iraqi ambassador in India and worked on closer ties between the two sides. After that he became the Minister of Guidance for two days only due to the divergence of views between him and Abdul Karim Kawwem. Later he became the Iraqi ambassador in Tehran and sought to improve the strained relations between the two countries. Finally he resigned from his position at late and get back to work with the party as it had been allowed for political parties in 1960 to practice their activity. He participated in the establishment of the National Democratic Party, which collapsed in 1961 because of the disagreement between its members, especially between Muhammad Haded and Kamil Al - Jadraji, then the dispute between Hussein Jameel and Kamil Al - Jadraji. During that duration he wrote many articles in the newspaper "Al - Ahaly" which was the mouthpiece of the National Democratic Party, and contributed to the drafting of the military supreme law court.Chapter three touched on his contribution to the formulation of the National Council for the leadership of the Revolution and his supported position to the Kurdish issue. He participated in the negotiations with the Kurdish delegation in 1963. During the sixties of the last century he raised several memorandums to the ministers' leaders as a result of the deterioration of the political, economical and social situations in the country. He demanded for the need of reforming the situations in the country and working on the changing of the style of the governance system, as he emphasized on the need to base the government system on popularity and mass. He also participated in the meeting of the Republic Palace which was held to resolve the political, economical and social problems. Hussein Jameel had presented many proposals and solutions in order to find the appropriate solution to get out from the crisis, particularly the oil crisis that erupted between Iraq and Syria. Again he emphasized on the need to change the governance system to solve all the other outstanding problems. The thesis also addressed the intellectual production of Hussein Jameel as he wrote many research articles, political books, books on law which enriched the aThe conclusion contained the main findings of which the most important was that Hussein Jameel was a supportive of the Arab states and supporting them in crises, believed in the Democratic Parties work, and this is why he participated in establishing it. He believed in the freedom of thoughts and advocated the human rights in his writings. He was a proficient lawyer, participated in formulating the Iraqi law, worked on developing law as a profession, believed in freedom, approved his skillfulness in the diplomatic carrier and beside all this he had enjoyed the love of everyone. His house, especially after he had got retired from political jobs, was a place visited by the intellectuals and politicians from both inside and outside Iraq. He helped and guided post graduate students by supplying them with useful references and books from his own library. The thesis had adopted a verity of sources, which include documents unpublished and published, books in Arabic language and translated to Arabic, personal notes, journals and magazines in addition to his own writings.Finally we can say that Hussein Jameel was a National figure and one of the leaders of the Democratic Trend in Iraq who defended the human rights and the freedom of thoughts.
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مدينة جوين : دراسة في احوالها العامة من القرن الاول الهجري حتى نهاية القرن الثامن الهجري == Gwen City Study In Public Their Conditions From The First Century Until The End Of The Eighth Century AH

Author name: انعام صافي عبد جاسم الربيعي
Supervisor name: سعاد هادي حسن الطائي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الحمد لله الاول قبل الانشاء، والاخر بعد فناء الاشياء، والصلاة والسلام على سيدنا محمد خاتم الرسل والانبياء وعلى ال بيته وصحبه الغر النجباء... شهدت مدن العالم الاسلامي ومنذ الوهلة الاولى لانتشار الاسلام فيها الى تغيير هائل في بنائها المدني وعلى جميع الاصع | Praise be to God first before construction, and the other things after courtyard, prayer and peace be upon the Prophet Muhammad ring of the apostles and prophets, and the family of his home and his family a granite nujaba... I saw the cities of the Islamic world and the very outset of the spread of Islam in which to a huge change in the civil construction and at all levels, and thus draws attention that historical period extending from 3 AH / 9th century AD onwards has been characterized advantage outperformed other advantages, making it the focus of attention of writers and researchers and is busy the Islamic world and its cities to science and knowledge and the arts Arts, which characterized most of the Islamic character, which encouraged them to label these centuries of life of the Islamic nation the Golden Ages to the campaign of the evolution of massive cities and in all of science, has raced cities to appear booming cities scientifically and if Beyond talk of the capital of the caliphate Baghdad nearby cities including Kalsham, Egypt, Morocco, and we went Bonzarna towards the Orient to the Khorasan province and its cities and Rsataiqa as the various sciences flourished until Nishapur became schools of the largest and most important universities in the Islamic world at that time, I have written in this area a lot of studies and research, but they still give researchers from der what ownership of the treasures of science and knowledge, it is still a lot of angles and aspects of what it is worth research and study, and in one corner of Nishapur attracted our attention ancient city Hdtna the momentum sciences and the diversity of knowledge and culture of her children, was the catalyst and encouraging the study and I am pleased as saying that the idea It was studied with the encouragement of my professor virtuous Prof. Suad Hadi Hassan al - Tai, as suggested commendable study and Omdtna the reasons for the access..Gwen that city, which is Rustaq fourth of Rsatiq Nishapur, and one of the important Orhan same geographic location is important geographically and regionally, in the city met the reasons for urbanization, because it is abundant agriculture, industry list, and moneymaking popular, and culture full of science inherited a sophisticated, entered the Islamic religion Vhzb its civilization, and camel culture, and the age of its society to become integrated Islamic city, and had interest in Islamic science has intrigued researchers and writers, as he appeared in a large number of scientists who took the science of religion and cared for him very much attention, but that attention to the science of the Islamic religion did not prevent interest in science again, Gwen The community characterized by inclusiveness because the other sciences, such as language and social sciences and applied sciences and intellectual has figured Jawinyin.The information and news about frequent and diverse city has helped us to know what it was and how the city was geographical, regional, economic, social, scientific and intellectual environment for their children.Despite the presence of valuable information in the books for the city but there are some difficulties that we have encountered in some respects during the search, including the Arab sources did not expand to talk about some aspects, such as some of its villages names and the meaning of the city and villages name and derived language, which led us to adopt the Persian and other foreign sources.One of the difficulties that we faced also the lack of available information on the names of some of the educational institutions and their locations, especially mosques, connectivity and schools, as well as having some Alguinah scientific figures with an interest in the novel the Hadith, but wrote Sir translations only a little and only mentioned their names in not remember them outsource some novels Hadith Although the accuracy of the research.Life has been in integrated Gwen city and from different aspects, has been characterized sciences diversity and inclusiveness, due to interest people in science and learning, and the interest of the governors and governors in this regard, which was the outcome of that city's appearance appearance scientific diversified It is worth to him noted that previous studies did not take the city only Some scientists study such as Abdul Malik bin Abdullah Jouini famous Faqih Shafi'i (d. 478 AH / 1085 AD), was interested in this regard jurists if ate his books of fiqh and his style and approach them as Arjawa on his views of jurisprudence in various issues, as well as with of Atta king Jouini (d. 681 AH / 1282 m) as he studied his political role with the Mongols and this Makedmh Mohammed Saeed Jamal al - Din in his book Aladdin Atta king Jouini governor of Iraq after the expiry of the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad, either from the city of Gwen public and condition did not address her studies before and that this study is the first in this area If dealt with different aspects of the city and this is what Snodha chapters in the thesis : Thesis included four chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion.I dealt with in the first chapter, entitled (Gwen) City geography, which included two topics First topic (linguistic and historical roots of the name Gwen city and its geographic borders) as it addressed naming the city and linguistic derivation and meaning of the label and the gradient in pronunciation and localization and opinions that have been said in the meaning of the label and derived, then City site and its importance, and its borders, and length, width.In the second part, which carries the name (villages Gwen city and its roads and terrain, climate) has been the study of cities, towns and villages and Qsbadtha and associated and the change in the towns from time to time and the importance of conducting, including roads and referred to the importance of this in life, especially economic and social city, either topography and climate have The study addressed the importance of the fact that in terms of general ambience of the city, and the importance of it in the lives of its inhabitants.The second chapter, which carries the name (the elements of the population in the city of Gwen and religious beliefs and economic and political activity) has included three sections of which the first part, which dealt with the (elements of the population in the city of Gwen and religious beliefs) It was found that the city containing different social composition formed their complementarity community Jouini as we find the Persians, Arabs, Kurds, Turkmen and Baluch or Baloch, have varied religious beliefs among these populations from one era to another. After the spread of the ancient Persian religion of worship based on polytheism and polytheism, we find in the later periods of the spread of Zoroastrianism and doctrines of other such doctrine Mani and Mozdok, has spread temples this religion in most cities, especially Gwen and villages, and besides those religions we find Judaism, Christianity, and then to be the conclusion keeping with the Islamic faith, which has spread in the city of Gwen all the cities of the Orient Islamic and the Broader religion and the broader After the conversion of the population of the Islamic religion, which has become the official state religion.In the second section dealt with (economic activity in the city of Gwen and its impact on public life), if done in the city, all the elements of its economic life has been the study of agriculture in the city, industry, mining and commerce dealt with, and the impact of economic activity on public life in the city, the study showed that Gwen City an economically prosperous city for the success of cultivation and development of industry, trade and vogue because it is located on the road to commercial convoys and it was a rest station for these convoys as well as the attention of rulers and encourage trade and secure.In the third section dealt with (the Arab conquest of the city Gwen political, military and condition (31 - 800h / 651 - 1397m) has included the study of the Arab - Muslim conquest of the city in 31 AH / 651 AD and political conditions which accompanied and followed it to the year 132 AH / 749 AD) then addressed the political and military developments in the city in the period Allhakh (132 - 800h / 749 - 1397m).In the third chapter it was about our research center (agents and catalysts boom scientific life in the city of Gwen), which included four topics included the first (the spread of Islam and the Arabic language in the city of Gwen and its impact on the prosperity of the scientific life)(And the emergence of educational institutions in the city and its role in the evolution of the scientific life) represented in the mosques and Koranic schools, connectivity and Khanqahat and houses scientists and bookcases, as was the prominent role of these institutions in the prosperity of the scientific life of the receivables Gwen.In the second section dealt with (scientific councils and their impact on the prosperity of scientific life in the city of Gwen) and is represented on the boards of dictation and Alastmlae, and boards of preaching and reminders, and boards of the debate, and the role of these councils valuable publication of science, culture and awareness in the cityIn the third section dealt with (the role of the princes and rulers of scientific and families in the scientific life support and prosperity in the city of Gwen), as was the cam and princes important role in the scientific life support if encouraged scientists and Qrbohem and made them gifts and prizes, but they built them schools and the role of education and exaggerated in the press for authoring and classification provided So many awards and grants, also addressed this topic in scientific role of families in the city of Gwen in the scientific life support which emerged after a distinguished families such as the family of Al - Jouini vitality and brown febrile Jouini and family Bahauddin Jouini (owner of Court).In the fourth section dealt with (trips and their impact in support of scientific activity in the city of Gwen) has focused research on scientific trips and their impact in support of scientific activity as the Muslim world scientists journey showed to the city of Gwen and their role in the dissemination of science in the debtor, and a trip Gwen city of scientists to the cities of the Muslim world The track of them in the dissemination of sciences in those cities and the introduction of Yalom cities that left it and seeking more of them then deployed in the city of Gwen when they return to it, as well as put a cost pilgrimage to the Mecca of the importance of the pilgrimage in the development of science and knowledge if it meets the pilgrimage seasons many scientists both in Mecca or in cities that are located on the roads leading to it making it easier to meet with those scientists and taking them.In the fourth chapter, which carries the title (flourishing religious and human, intellectual and mental sciences in the city of Gwen) has included four topics singled out the first section of which (actively religious sciences in the city), represented in the Holy Quran science of conservation and readings and interpretation included as well as the Hadith Sciences and prosperity of science Fiqh in the city of Gwen and the most prominent jurists.In the second section dealt with (boom of Human Sciences in the city of Gwen), which is in Arabic language sciences Activity in the city of grammar, literature and the subsequent poetry and prose, letters, shrines and they might rhetoric and Arts rhetoric as well as dealt with calligraphy and prosperity of writing, the most prominent writers in the city, as has been pointed to the social sciences in the city, such as history and geography did not empty the city of the arts, especially music, as some have been identified and authors interested in this aspect.The third section, which carries the title (the evolution of intellectual science at the City Gwen), have been identified, of which the most prominent intellectual of Science in the city theology in particular, and science controversy and disagreement, and philosophy, wisdom and logic, mysticism and the most prominent interested him from the people of Gwen city.In the fourth section, which carries the title (support mental sciences in the city of Gwen and development), the research focused on the medicine, engineering, algebra and arithmetic and mathematics.The thesis is attached tables and charts for scientific families in the city, as well as geographical maps of the city and several pictures illustrate some areas and archaeological sites of the city.
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التنظيمات الادارية في العهد الاخميني (550 - 331 ق.م) == Administrative Organizations In The Achaemenid Period (B.C 331 - 550)

Author name: اسماء جميل راضي
Supervisor name: مهدية فيصل صالح الموسوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: In this study The ancient Persian civilization in general. And the Achaemenid civilization in particular Researcher finds Achaemenids that the Kings did not leave written records kept of events that they have experienced. As if to be a glorification of victories or listed the battles they have fought. As well as any mention not up to us the sequence of historical events prepared by scholars and scribes of the royal court by order of any king of kings, the Achaemenids.Especially kings who knew the political wisdom And the efficiency of the state administration, such as King Cyrus II (B.C 530 - 559) and King Darius I (B.C 486 - 521). As they never left only minor administrative records, have been saved in property cupboards indicate that they have succeeded in organizing and managing their empire Therefore, beneficiaries of cultures and peoples systems that bowed under the authority of the Achaemenid Empire. But to say that the existence of such records. It does not mean that prospectors archaeologists were able to provide an archive of the entire administrative nature of the administrative System that the empire.Anumber of reasons, including damage to materials that were used to write it prevented that. And the existence of such records in the capital, PersepolisWas chosen the subject of research in order to identify the nature of the system, which make that a cohesive empire for two centuries (B.C 331 - 550).Before getting into the details of the divisions of research has to besaid what was written. By historians who are interested in studying the Iranian civilizations, especially on the subject of administrative regulations in the Achaemenid era which is a scattered research Therefore, I began to search for the character of the administrative system, which has become Case in the political ,entities that developed on the land of Persia Basically Depending on the circumstances of each entity and nature. Therefore, I divide the study into four chapters. With an introduction and an introductory essay and aconclusion.
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وزارة الزراعة في العراق 1952 - 1963 : دراسة تاريخية == Ministry of Agriculture In Iraq 1952 - 1963

Author name: حسين علي فليح
Supervisor name: علي محمد كريم المشهداني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Counting on the agricultural sector in most countries of the world especially in third world countries as a source of income and food and essential element in food security. As the agricultural sector occupies a privileged position in Iraq among the various sectors of the economy, as it is the primary source for the provision of food for the population, as well as so that a large proportion of the population working in this sector. Serious attention and did not begin to agriculture and irrigation in Iraq but in 1917 while occupying British forces realized in Iraq, the need for adequate food production for its troops first, and then secondly to the people of the country, creating Accordingly, the agricultural department in 1917 and the other for irrigation in 1918, supervised by officers from the British and the Indians who possess information in the field of irrigation and agriculture. As concerned with the occupation authorities dug some tables and cleared service to the occupation and its policy, and has set up agricultural projects serving the British industry, including the cultivation of cotton, as well as on land Aloqtain distribution. As a result of this policy has remained underdeveloped Iraqi agriculture as a result of feudalism and heavy taxes. After the formation of the national government in Iraq in 1921 that its owner undergo Iraq the British Mandate, the intention to pay attention to the affairs of Irrigation and Agriculture has established a 1922 Department of Agriculture. Then it followed in 1927 written by the Ministry called the Ministry of Irrigation and Agriculture to develop agricultural irrigation reality and take care of things. Despite this were not the Ministry of Irrigation and Agriculture in that period since its inception incapable to fulfill all the duties that are expected to perform, and that the small allocations and the lack of technical staff as well as the impact of the global economic crisis on the Iraqi economy, prompting the government to repeal the 1930 and convert its departments to the Ministry of Works and Transport. Faced with this situation the Iraqi government went in 1950 to revive the economic situation after the allocation of a percentage of the oil revenues to put development plans in the country, creating the Council of reconstruction in 1951 and introduced the Ministry of Agriculture in 1952, and by the Board of reconstruction began and in partnership with the Ministry of Agriculture to implement many projects in the field of agriculture, and other projects for flood control project Jabber, Dukan and so on. But the manner in which the Council of reconstruction in partnership with the Ministry of Agriculture in planning for these projects did not consider the agricultural sector in Iraq comprehensive overview total but partial view is integrated, in turn led to the failure of this policy reasons, including, inadequate agricultural policy painted, and the lack of an economic plan developmental, and resist all agricultural reform and renewal, and so feudalism has remained dominant on large agricultural estates, which has increased the suffering of the people of the countryside who continued their migration to the cities and large numbers, particularly from southern Iraq. After the revolution of July 14, 1958 and the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the republican system, initiated by the Government of the Revolution put a new policy aimed at the development of the agricultural sector was the most important legislation Law No. 30 of 1958 (Agrarian Reform) which was the first serious attempt to end the control Alaqtain and landlords on agricultural land in Iraq, as it has been large tracts distributed to the peasants in order to invest and take advantage of their experience, but this law has not succeeded in changing the productivity of agricultural relations, the fact that this law has kept other means Kalmdkhat, machinery and agricultural machinery and other production, however, feudal and senior rich countryside, prompting the farmer to use them and to undergo chains of new, as well as the law so that this new burdens on farmers has added prevented them from continuing in the agricultural production processes, as law enforcement rather financially cultivated land to the peasants, which led to the continued migration from the countryside to the city and Bora leave the land without agricultural exploitation, due to the weak financial possibilities for most farmers, as well as their inability to provide agricultural production requirements. Moreover, developed the revolutionary government legislative foundations and procedural new policy ages in Iraq after the abolition of ages Council in 1959, is to configure your economic and Platform includes government sectors and civil, through authoring a central body to coordinate the plans of the various ministries in the light of the objectives planned, with the adoption of appropriate plans in order to develop the country's natural resources through the establishment of a efficient and centralized economic planning commensurate with the special conditions in Iraq, based on the separation between planning and implementation based on so - called "Economic Planning Council", which began in turn develop economic plans Iraq was the first interim years (1959 - 1961), aims mainly to filter and repair bad situation left by the ages and the Ministry of Development Board, and the most prominent objectives, complete projects initiated its implementation has not been completed, and re - examine the questionable projects in the health study and determine the years implemented as The plan also aimed to achieve as much as possible for the operation of labor, and to encourage the private sector to invest its capital in the plan projects, and raising the standard of living and re - distribution of national income, regardless of oil revenues, and lay the foundations of economic independence, by freeing it from economic dependence on the one hand, and edit of subservience to the product Prime One is oil, on the other hand, by diversifying the pillars of the economy the largest possible size in the fields of industry, agriculture, investment, and this plan issued by the Ministry of Planning under the temporary economic plan Law No. (181) for the year 1959, then proceeded to the Government of the revolution in the eighteenth of October 1961 detailed economic plan for the years (1961 - 1965) under the detailed economic plan Law No. (70) for the year 1961 have been completed and the Ministry of Agriculture, through the work of the Economic Planning Board, and in accordance with the set plans a lot of projects in the field of agriculture and irrigation, as well as the expansion and completion of projects already Development Board dissolved the established but has not been completed because of the fourteenth of July 1958 revolution, the most important of the completion of dam Derbent Khan project and dam construction molasses in the north of the country, was the work of this Council and plans drawn him continued until coup February 8, 1963 and topple the government Abdel - Karim Kassem in Iraq.
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العلاقات العسكرية بين العراق والولايات المتحدة الامريكية 1945 - 1958 == The Military Relations Between Iraq And The United States of America (1945 - 1958)

Author name: بسام شبيب محمد
Supervisor name: اميرة حسين محمود الكريمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ينطلق السؤال منذ البداية وهو سؤال مشروع مفاده لماذا الاقدام على كتابة اطروحة في موضوع "العلاقات العسكرية بين العراق والولايات المتحدة الاميركية" للمدة 1945 - 1958,اذ ان هذا النمط التعاوني للعلاقات الدولية بين دولتين يحمل في طياته محاولة التاثير على قرار ا | The question is set from the beginning which should a scholar write about a dissertation about “The Military Relations between Iraq and the United States of America (1945 - 1958).” In answer to that, we would like to refer to a very crucial that the Unites States of America was, and still is, a great nation, whether on region or international level. This shows the political, economic, military, demographic and even cultural weight of the Unites States, especially in the field of mutual relationship in the five continents. After the end of World War II (1939 - 1945). The United States occupied the leadership position on all levels, after the former leading powers of the world i.e. France and Britain, declined as a result of the weakness. That made the United States assumes the position of leadership for the strength of economy and army and the distance from military operation during war. In spite of competing of the USSR which appeared as a superpower after the war, the weight of the United States remained powerful in the Middle - East, when the United States appeared as an inheritor of the former powers (Britian and France) which manifested itself in the importance eof the srtion. Iraq occupies a very strategic importance that made it a connection link between the east and the west. It also is located at the southern border of the USSR. Iraq is only 120 miles far from the USSR.The study is divided into many chapters : Chapter One is about the international variables after the WWII and the development of the United States in the Middle - East in general and in Iraqi in particular, and its rush to arm the Iraqi Army.Chapter Two deals with the policy of mutual defense policy, shedding light on the triple in May 1950, and the formation of the of the Middle - East Leadership, the attitude of Britain from the American aids to Iraq, especially if we know that Iraqi is associated with Britain already in Britain 1930, that made it the first exporter of weapons of Iraqi Army.Chapter Three deals with the regional and security agreement that led to the increase of the connection of Iraq with the United States, and the tendency of Iraq in particular. The chapter deals with the Turkish - Pakistani in April 1945. Then, we stated the continuation of the negotiations of Iraq and the United States, each one showed interest in the other. This led to the Mutual Security Agreement in April 1945, which is an important point for the United States. Chapter four required to be about Baghdad Pact and the joining of Iraq to this pact and stating the American role in the Pact and the American military aid giving to Iraq.The dissertation ends up with a number of findings.
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النظام السياسي في ليبيا (1949 - 1963) == The Politico System In Libya 1949 - 1963

Author name: ياسر وارد فرحان الحمداني
Supervisor name: ظاهر محمد صكر الحسناوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Underwent Libya Ottoman control for the second time in 1835 and lasted control until 1911, during which he applied the new Ottoman laws after its movement reforms, and has appointed Wally Usmani manages all operational matters in the state, and is assiste
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المجالس العرفية العسكرية في العراق 14 تموز 1958 - 8 شباط 1963 == The Councils Customary Military In Iraq 14 July 1958 - 8 February 1963 A.D

Author name: وئام مجيد عبد الله عبد الرحمن
Supervisor name: ظاهر محمد صكر الحسناوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Formed Revolution July 14, 1958 an important event in the life and history of the Iraqi people, because they changed the system of government from a monarchy to a republican system, which is a quantum leap and a radical change in the political process, wh
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الصلات الحضارية بين الفكر المسيحي والفكر الاسلامي في الاسكندرية من القرن الثالث حتى القرن التاسع الميلادي == The Civilized Relations Between Christian Thought And Islamic Thought In Alexandria From Third To Ninth Century A.D.

Author name: هدى علي حيدر كاكە یی
Supervisor name: داود سلمان خلف الزبيدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: My dissertation is under the title " The Civilized Relations between Christian Thought and Islamic Thought in Alexandria from Third to Ninth Century A.D.". It deals with the scientific and civilized aspects and their intellectual reflections in both Chris
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دور متصوفة غرناطة في الحياة السياسية والدينية (635 - 897 هـ / 1237 - 1492 م) == The Role of Granad Sofisits In The Political And Religious Life 635 - 897 A.H. / 1237 - 1492 A.D.

Author name: مهى عداي سلمان
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم خيطان حسن الياسري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: امتاز متصوفة غرناطة عن سلفهم بتعدد اسهاماتهم في الحضارة الاندلسية حتى تركوا بصمة واضحة في تاريخ المملكة فازداد نفوذهم، فغدا الفرد منهم نموذج في المجتمع في تلك الحقبة.1 - اظهار دور المتصوفة الجهادي من خلال قيادة المعارك ضد الاسبان، وشحذ الهمم والتقدم في | Granada contemplatives characterized on their successors with their various Andalusia civilization till left a clear sign in the history of Kingdom, then their power increased and the individual becomes a sample in the society at that period. 1 - Appeari
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الحياة الاجتماعية في الاحواز في العهد البهلوي (1925 - 1979) : دراسة تاريخية == The Social Life In Ahvaz In The Pahlavi Era (1925 - 1979) : Historical Study

Author name: علي جاسب عزيز الصرخي
Supervisor name: طارق نافع حميد الحمداني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The historical era expand from 1925 - 1979 contain an ultimate danger and importance for Ahwaz and its political and contemporary social history, where in 1925 the last Arabic princedom was fallen on the hands of Ridha Shah who was crowned as king of the
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الكونغرس ودوره في السياسة الخارجية للولايات المتحدة الامريكية 1945 - 1960 == The Congress And Its Role In The Foreign Policy of United States 1945 - 1960

Author name: عباس علوان لفتة الشويلي
Supervisor name: فرح صابر محمد
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The political regime is considered one of the most important factors of advanced states success and development, as a result of the stability and the suitable environment the regime provides to these states through the management of these states by organi
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التطاول على الالهة في بلاد الرافدين في ضوء النصوص الادبية القديمة : دراسة تاريخية

Author name: صفاء جاسم حسن المجمعي
Supervisor name: غسان عبد صالح
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: مما لاشك فيه ان موضوع هذه الدراسة ) التطاول على الالهة في بلاد الرافدين في ضوء النصوص الادبية القديمة ( اسفر عن نتائج مهمة عد توصلت اليها الباحثة من خلال ما جاء في المصادر التي امدتنا بمعلومات مهمة عن جوانب كثيرة في مجال الدين والالهة في بلاد الرافدين, وم
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حزب الاستقلال ودوره في الحياة السياسية في المغرب 1956 - 1975 == Independence Party And Role In The Political Life In Morocco 1956 - 1975

Author name: صادق احمد حامد
Supervisor name: عفراء عطا عبد الكريم الريس
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The imperialism tentative began in the early of twentieth century, which finished by the formation of the two French and Spanish occupations, on the Morocco in the late of 1912. The country after that enter in the new stage of struggle, the first one is
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الحياة العلمية في اقليم فارس (454 - 656 هــ / 1062 - 1258 م)

Author name: صابرين بهاء عبد الرضا
Supervisor name: رفاه تقي الدين عارف
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Persia is consident one of most important province Islamic Nation province which is lied within the fourth province. Persia province is in the middle of kakman and Al Ahwaz and Asfahan and Maghaza between Persia and some of asfahan morders. Persia was
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الخدمات العامة في بلاد الاندلس من عصر الامارة الى عصر المرابطين == Public Services In Andalusia From The Era of The Emirate To The Almoravid Era

Author name: سمارة عبد الرسول صالح النقيب
Supervisor name: نعمة شهاب جمعة اليوسف
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Representing the public service aspect of the production of civilization, which was the stages of development witnessed by the communities and cities in civility and sophistication at all levels Vhomen topics of the totalitarianism that is not limited to
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اراء ابن حزم الاندلسي الاقتصادية في كتابه المحلى (ت 456 هــ / 1063 م) == The Economical Opinions of Ibn Hazim Al - Andolci In His Book Al - Muhalla Died 465 A.H - 1063 A.D.

Author name: زينب سمير علي الماجدي
Supervisor name: كاظم ستر خلف العلاق
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Ibn - Hmaz is an actual institutor of the virtual doctrine in Andalusia. This was happened after the doctrine was started to disappear because Ali Dawood Al - Tahery who was the first creator of this doctrine was died and his followers was reduced. The au
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الحركة اللاايقونية في بيزنطة خلال العهد الايسوري (717 - 820م / 99 - 205 هــ) وصلتها بالعالم الاسلامي والجرماني == Iconoclasm In Byzantium During Isaurian Rule (717 - 802 Ad / 99 - 205 Ah) And Its Relation With Islamic And Germanic World

Author name: رؤى نصيف جاسم حمد
Supervisor name: نذير صبار عبد الله السوداني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The non - iconic movement was manifested in the iconoclast to the sanctification of the icon which personifies the image of Jesus Christ, Virgin and the saint who assume a position of sanctity for the Christians. This iconoclasticism had an effect on the
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محمود الدرة ودوره العسكري والسياسي في العراق == Mohamoud Al Durrah And His Military And Political Role In Iraq

Author name: مسعد رستم حمادي الراجحي
Supervisor name: علي محمد كريم المشهداني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of historical work is serious to understand, analyze and explore one of the Iraqi figures are known, by as much as her that locked in the midst of the dual role militarily and politically in Iraq, namely Major Gen. Mohamoud Al Durrah that the mi
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ال البيت (عليهم السلام) من خلال تاريخ بغداد للخطيب البغدادي (ت : 463 هــ / 1070 م)

Author name: جعفر جمعة فاخر الشوكي
Supervisor name: كاظم ستر خلف العلاق
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الحمد لله رب العالمين، وافضل الصلاة والتسليم على سيدنا محمد الصادق الوعد الامين واله واصحابه الطيبين الطاهرين.اما بعد : ان دراسة سيرة اهل البيت (?) من المواضيع المهمة التي اهتمت بها الدراسات التاريخية لما لهم من مكانة وعظمة وفضل، لا يباريهم في شرفهم ون
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الجمعيات الاجتماعية والدينية والفنية واثرها الثقافي في بغداد 1933 - 1958 == Religious, Communal And Art Organizations And Their Cultural Impact In Baghdad 1933 - 1958

Author name: اياد يونس عريبي نعمة
Supervisor name: جمعة عليوي فرحان الخفاجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الحمد لله الذي جعل المتقدمين عبرة للمتاخرين, والسابقين درسا للاحقين, وصل الله على سيدنا محمد وعلى اله وصحبه المنتجبين السيد رئيس لجنة المناقشة المحترم, السادة اعضاء لجنة المناقشة المحترمون, السيدات السادة الحضور السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته.اود ان ا | I studied the letter entitled "cultural and social associations in Baghdad, 1933 - 1958" included this message on the front of the entrance to the historic, three chapters and a conclusion emerged in Baghdad, many associations, religious, social and cultu
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ثابت عبد النور سيرته ودوره السياسي في العراق == Thabet Abd Al - Nour's Biography And Political Role In Iraq

Author name: اسامة مهدي ابراهيم جاسم
Supervisor name: اميرة حسين محمود الكريمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Iraqi universities faced in the late years approach to study the political and thoughtful characters, in which that as reason of the interest in explain the role of individual to effect and evidence by these characters in the events movement.In which tha
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الاسرة الاموية من خلال شرح نهج البلاغة لابن ابي الحديد == The Ummayad Family Through Sharh Nahj Al - Balagha By Ibn Abi Al - Hadid

Author name: رحيم فرحان صدام
Supervisor name: حسين داخل زويهي البهادلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الحمد لله، الاول بلا ابتداء، والاخر بلا انتهاء، الخالد بلا انقضاء، الخالق بلا اقتداء، الباري من غير اقتضاء، وصلى الله على اطيب البرية محتدا، واطهرهم مولدا، واصلبهم محجما، واظهرهم معجزا، محمد ذي الخلائق العظيمة، والطرائق القويمة، وعلى اله وصحبه ا | Umayyad dynasty by explaining Nahj Ibn Abi ALhadeed The Ibn Abi ALhadeed is Encyclopedia cultural, and science of the flags of the seventh century and his book explaining the approach Rhetoric is one of the best explanations ; includes Historical Encyclop
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ادوارد غري ودوره في سياسة بريطانيا الخارجية 1905 - 1916 == Edward Grey And His Role In Britain Foreign Policy 1905 - 1916

Author name: حيدر جواد كاظم العمار
Supervisor name: صباح مهدي رميض القريشي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Sir Edward Grey is Considered on of the most famous characters in diplomacy and politics, as the great Iraq : historian, Kamal Mudher Ahmed has described him, this figure direct the British Empire, and drew the tendency of its foreign policy for unremitti
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التطورات السياسية الداخلية في نيجيريا (1960 - 1979) == The Interior Political Development In Nigeria (1960 - 1979)

Author name: حنان طلال جاسم السارة
Supervisor name: صباح مهدي رميض القريشي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Nigeria is considered the biggest country in the African continent due to its population and the natural economical resources. So it is characterized with its sociological and demographic combination that it became the victim of the British colonialism p
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السلطة التشريعية في العراق 1958 - 1968 == The Legislation Authority In Iraq 1958 - 1968

Author name: بشير عبد الواحد صاحب سعد
Supervisor name: جعفر عباس حميدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The legislation authority is the authority that represents people and expresses them. The monarchy Iraqi state was based on a parliamentary which was determined by the basic law (the constitution) of the year 1925. In spite of the criticism of the manner
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مرويات سعيد بن المسيب في كتاب تاريخ مدينة دمشق لابن عساكر == Novels of Said Ibn Al Msyab In Book of Damascus S City History For Ibn Asaker

Author name: ايمان سالم حمودي الخفاجي
Supervisor name: سهيلة مزبان حسن
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
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الرواية التاريخية عند ياقوت الحموي في كتابه معجم البلدان (334 - 626 هــ / 945 - 1228 م) == The Historical Narration Foryaqut Al - Hamawi In His Book Muajam Al - Buldaan (626 - 334 / 945 - 1228 A.C)

Author name: غفـران ابراهيم عزيز
Supervisor name: مقتدر حمدان عبد المجيد الكبيسي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The book of Muajam Al - Buldaanbyyaqut Al - hammawi is regarded as a one of the encyclopedias which was composed in the 4th century after Hijra. This Muajamincludes in its pages different assortment of historical, geographical, literary, linguistic and ge
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التوظيف القبلي في العصر الاموي (41 - 132 هــ) واثاره السياسية == Tribal Functionalization In Amawyy Era And Its Political Effectiveness (132 Ad - 41 AH)

Author name: عباس علي خلف
Supervisor name: داود سلمان خلف الزبيدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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الحياة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية في العراق من خلال كتاب الاوراق قسم الراضي بالله والمتقي لله لابي بكر الصولي ت (335 هــ / 946 م) == Social And Economic Life In Iraq Through The Book (Securities) Department Al - Radi Billah And Almutaqy Lilah To Abo Bakr Bin Yahya Al - Suli (Died 335 AH / 946 AD)

Author name: زينب صدام خنجر
Supervisor name: علي حسن الغضبان
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: كان الجو السياسي في عصر الصولي مشحونا بالمكائد والاضطرابات, ذلك لانه عصر سيادة العنصر التركي وسيطرته على الدولة, وعلى مقاليد الحكم.فقد شهدت الخلافة العباسية والعاصمة بغداد خلال عهدي الخليفتين (الراضي بالله والمتقي لله ) تدهورا سياسيا اثر سلبا على ال | There is no doubt that the study of ex - historians of the owners of thought and literature aims to submit to the subsequent generations of knowledge students and pioneers of literature, photographs speaking expressive represent those applicants scientist
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الحركة العمالية في الـولايات المتحدة الامريكية وتطورها التنظيمي والسياسي 1886 - 1905 == Labor Movement In The United States of American And Its Organizational And Political Development 1886 - 1905

Author name: احمد مريح المنصراوي
Supervisor name: كريم صبح عطية
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: جاءت دراسة موضوع " الحركة العمالية في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية وتطورها التنظيمي والسياسي 1886 - 1905"، لكون عام 1886 شهد البداية الحقيقية للحركة العمالية الاكثر تنظيما وشمولا في البلاد، بولادة " الاتحاد الامريكي للعمل"، وما تبع ذلك من نشاط دؤوب للنقاب | This is the first academy study in Iraqi took the subject of " The labor Movement in the United states of American and Organizational development, 1886 - 1905 ", because the year of 1886 was the real beginning of the labor movement most organized and comp
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دور الفقهاء في المغرب من خلال كتاب معالم الايمان في معرفة اهل القيروان لابن الدباغ (ت : 696 هـ / 1296 م) == The Role of Jurisprudents In Al - Maghreb Through The Book Ma’Alim Al - Ayman Fi Maarufat Ahel Qairawan By Ibn Dabagh 696 A.H. / 1274 Ac)

Author name: اسيا ثامر هادي العبيدي
Supervisor name: وسن سمين محمد امين
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of the jurisprudent and the jurisprudence is one of the greatest which the researcher endeavor in Islamic in its course, especiallyhistory of Al - Maghreb which prevailed in Islam on the hands of the greatest companions and the followers. Theref
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قسطنطين زريق ودوره الفكري ومنهجه في كتابة التاريخ == Intellectual Role of Constantine Zareeq And His Method In Writing History

Author name: احمد ناظم عباس العابدي
Supervisor name: عفراء عطا عبد الكريم الريس
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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Abstract: Many new studies have been focused and concentrated on the study of the history of intellectuals and historian in modern time due to their scientific and intellectual output participated within great range in crystallizing several political, social, cultu
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دور المعبد والقصر في تطور التعليم في مصر القديمة حتى عام 525 ق.م == Temple And Palace Role In The Education Evaluation In Ancient Egypt Till 525 B.C

Author name: احمد عبد الرضا لازم الكعبي
Supervisor name: مزهر محسن الخفاجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Education has a great value which all nations, and civilization take a good care of it, thus made Aristotle talk about how Egyptians take care of education, philosopher thought that Virtues has two types … Moral virtues And the mentality virtues, as Arist
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سياسة ليبيا النفطية 1955 - 1974 == Libya's Oil Policy 1955 - 1974

Author name: هند عادل اسماعيل النعيمي
Supervisor name: ظاهر محمد صكر الحسناوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The oil became the main factor engine of the events in our contemporary history, especially in the Middle East, as oil became a magical substance that take place in the veins of contemporary civilization that give her life, growth and prosperity, and the
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جريدة الشعب وموقفها من التطورات السياسية الداخلية في العراق 1945 - 1958 == Al - Shaab Newspaper And It's Attitude Towards The Internal Political Development In Iraq 1945 - 1958

Author name: باسم محمد حمودي
Supervisor name: فرح صابر محمد
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Iraq has witnessed in the period between World War II and the fall of the monarchy in 1958 a clear extension of the national movement which was reflected on the social life and general, and on journalism as a special phenomenon in particular. Iraqi journ
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سياسة الولايات المتحدة الامريكية تجاه الملايو (ماليزيا) 1945 - 1981 == The Policy of The United States of American Towards Malaya (Malaysia) 1945 - 1981

Author name: كاظم جواد احمد الهيازعي
Supervisor name: جمعة عليوي فرحان الخفاجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: In recent years, studying the policy of the United States and shedding light on it concerning the international changes occurred in Arab homeland have been necessary. Therefore, the researcher chose this dissertation, entitled "The Policy of the United St
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التباين المكاني لخصائص السكان في محافظة اربيل == The Spatial Variation Characteristic Of Population In Erbil

Author name: حيدر حسين عبد الستار رمضان المندلاوي
Supervisor name: سامي عزيز عباس العتبي | ندى نجيب سلمان
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Due to the important of the Phenomenon of population in the geographical region plus it's position in geographical analysis and Follow - up it's developments and personification of its changes as well as to analysis it's position relationships for Present and future.The study was marked as one of the great scientific Efforts to analysis the Phenomenon of population in Erbil from it's distributions and growth and the affecting factors and the characteristics of the population structure, According to the research and analysis of geographic population and the analysis supported these geographical facts with a Quantitative analysis to show the position relationships of the Variation population Phenomenon to stop and rate on the Demographic situation in the province.The first chapter is about "geographic distributions of population" which includes three topics, first "population distribution", the second "Population and Coefficient of concentration" and the third "geographic distributions of population".The second chapter is about "the population size and growth" and includes three topics too which are : the first "the population size and growth trends" and the second "population growth factors" the position relationships of Variation between Fertility and migration in the province". And the third chapter is about Characteristics and structure population "includes four topics" which are : "age and gender structure" and "social Characteristics "the economic structure" and "the position relationships because of the inequality of Illiteracy and Manpower in the province".Below what the study has proved : ? The variance of the population distributions.Erbil district have the great population in the province which estimated about (46.56%) in 1977 and then increased to (72.51 %) in 1987 because of the military operation in the other districts reached according to the estimation (63.67%) in 2012 to other districts to reflect the population.? The study has shown that the population growth rate has increased since the first census to the max in the period between (1977 - 1997) about (3,58%) the fall to (1,45%) in the period(2012 - 2007) but the other districts While (Khabat - Irbil - Soran) The highest rates Ghuman was the lowest.? The Quantitative analysis of the position relationships of the disparity of Fertility showed that the independent changes like of (the mother education - career - the father education - His Career if wage earner or an employment - the environment - the family income - duration of married life) Must agrees with geographic theory and it's in influence of the Fertility.? The Quantitative analysis of the position relationships of the disparity of Fertility of people's migration in province showed that the independent changes (the factors) like the education level (High school and more) the bachelors males at age (12 and More) - the Migrants (country side) Causal strong connection with people's migration rate. ? The study about the special age structure has shown the young people (less than 14 years) rated the highest level about (49,69%) in 1987. and the young adults at age (14 - 44 year ) rated about (46,45%) in 2012 which was the highest in 2012 reached about (11.86%). the old people (More than 65 year) the highest rate was in 1956 reached about (5,17%) them to fall into (2,95%) in 2012. and for the other districts and according to The field study found that the districts (Rowanduz - easy Erbil - Mirkhsor) had the highest rates to the category (less than 14 year ) and to the category (15 - 44 year ) the districts (Koya - snjaq - Erbil) and the category (64 - 45 year) was in the (Goman - Mirgah Sur - Khabat). while the highestrate of the category (65 and older ) was in Khabat - Shaqlawa).? Also during the study there was a decrease in illiteracy rate reached to (64.84%) in 1977 to (39.75%) in 1987 plus to (60.99%) in 2012 matched with increase in population In the other educations levels.? The study has shown also that the active people economically was about (39.94%) in 2012 to (60.05%) of inactive people.and the employed people was about (91.32%) however the unemployed people was about (8.67%).? And the position relationships to Varied to the illiteracy phenomenon in the province, the study has showed that the changes like (the environment at age 6 years and more (urban) - the environment at age 6 years and more (the countryside) - Enrolled at age 6 years (females) the unemployment - the family income - the family members (5 and more) Must agree with the geographic explanation to have a great, strong connection on the Variable (illiteracy).? The study has shown also that the position relationships of the disparity of manpower has affected with the changes like (education level - high school or more) or who drop out - school - the age structure from (10 - 65 year) in (urban) and the age structure from (10 - 65 year) in (countryside) - the family members five or more - family members four or more Family income with level fits the geographic explanation logic. In addition to the study below there are some suggestions ? Shall do a full Census to the province (Irbil) and all other provinces in Iraq to get, accurate and integrated data which enable the scholars to look on the population problems and come out with a successful results as well as making a comprehensives which can contribute to solve many of the problems Particularly, budget.? Taking care of the countryside and make agriculture projects which considered as the first step to the Comprehensive development to amendment to the high Density by Deliver services and makes advancement to rural women.? Shall Update and regulate the registration way of births and deaths because of it's importance to the future calculation. ? Shall taking a good care of the education, despite the positive Indicators in the province and the decrease of the illiteracy rates but the university should taking the same care by Provide some financial amounts for development as well as open and renew to the department which contributes in Creating scientific and technical efficiencies. ? Shall make an industrial projects to employ all the increasing manpower with necessity of make sort of balance the graduation and business particularly in tourism.as well as making Trade zones (free zones).? The study Annexed with Maps illustrative processing techniques of geographic information systems (GIS) and supported with a group of the Schedules and data which increased from the gravity phenomena analysis was presented some data formats graphic illustrations. Also multi and variety resources which enriched the study. Finally, the study represents one of the scientific studied which specialized in analyzing the populations phenomena in populations geography hopefully to gain the scientific success.May ALLAH give us the Help and Guide.

اثر العمليات الجيومورفولوجية على مشروعي (الحسينية وبني حسن) الاروائية في محافظة كربلاء == The Impact Of Geo - Morphological Operations On The Irrigation Projects Of Al - Hosaynyya And Bani Hasan In Karbala Governorate

Author name: هند صباح عبد الجبار
Supervisor name: سلام هاتف احمد الجبوري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة المشاريع الاروائية المكتملة الانجاز في محافظة كربلاء وهي مشروع (ري الحسينية) الذي يقع على الجانب الايمن لنهر الفرات ضمن محافظتي بابل وكربلاء، يعد جدول الحسينية هو الجدول الوحيد الذي يؤمن احتياجات الارواء الزراعي ومياه الشرب للسكان، اما مشرو | The study deal with the completed irrigation projects in Karbala government the project of Al - hosaynyya irrigation located on the right side of the Euphrates River into the provinces of Babil and Karbala and Al - hosaynyya river consider the only one that secure the needs of irrigation for the project and cleaning water needs for population.For Bani Hasan project is from old projects that depend on its irrigation on Bani Hasan river and project lands located to the right side of Euphrates River within the provinces of Karbala, Najaf and Babil.The study included natural factors affecting the region represented by the geology of the region, it fall within the time of quaternary deposits, and it is modern deposits don't exceed of a few centimeters to a several meters and with semi - flat plain topography covered by flood sediments in different levels ranging from zone level from the highest point 45 m above sea level and ends at lowest point 17 m above sea level and on this basis the surface gradually slope from the North to the South, the most important characteristic of this slope is that the ground move to decrease from the east and west toward the center and have the impact on the act of cutting, orientation and slope of irrigation rivers and this form has played a key role in directing the irrigation canals in the area easily from the rivers canals towards the nearby lowlands. Region characterized by desert dry and semi dry climate, which reflected its effects on the activity on geomorphological work in the irrigation projects and the only human factor is the agricultural activity, which has great influence in changing of flow geomorphology and on the hydraulic pressure forces.The study showed the characteristics of the prevailing geomorphological processes in the river represent by erosion processes and the carving and sedimentation the study showed activity to the process of erosion is compatible with high discharge rates because higher rates appeared during July (21, 94 m3/s) and is compatible with the upper limit of the suspended loads amounted its quantity (0, 52 tons).For the process of carving and sedimentation, the study showed the activity of these processes taken to (9) places of measurement has appeared (6) places occurred act of carving in Al - hosaynyya project, and (14) measured position appeared ( 11) points where the process of carving occurred in Bani Hasan project, the study also showed sedimentation activity that total of ( 9) of measured places showed ( 3) points where process of sedimentation of Al - hosaynyya irrigation project for Bani Hasan as (14) position appeared (3)that act of sedimentation occurred.The study revealed the presence of(carving, sediment forms) represented by river turns and carving, sediment forms of represented by river islands.It was found that the course of projects did not divert its course but study showed that new islands appear never existed previously and also the emergence of river tongues

التحليل المكاني لانتشار ظاهرة الارهاب في العراق دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == Spatial Analysis Of The Spread Of The Phenomenon Of Terrorism In Iraq (Study In Political Geography)

Author name: مؤيد زاحم فيصل عباس
Supervisor name: عباس غالي داوود الحديثي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تتناول هذه الرسالة ظاهرة الارهاب من منظور الجغرافية السياسية ومدى ما ينطبق منها على العراق. ولهذا جاء العنوان ( التحليل المكاني لانتشار ظاهرة الارهاب في العراق ـ دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية). لقد تحددت مشكلة الدراسة في سؤال رئيسي نصه ( ما المقصود بالتحلي | The current thesis addresses the phenomenon of terrorism from the geopolitical prospective and the extent of its appliance to Iraq. Thus, the title came as (The Spatial Analysis of the Circulation of Terrorism Phenomenon in Iraq - A Study in the Geopolitics). The study problem was defined in one main question saying (What is the meaning of spatial analysis of terrorist operations from the geopolitical prospective) which led the researcher into other questions such as what are the causes behind the prominence of terrorism phenomenon? What is the pattern of distributing the terrorist operations? What are the impacts of these operations? What are the strategies developed domestically, regionally and internationally to confront this phenomenon. As to the research basic hypothesis, it stated (the governorates ethnically diverse and of long borders were more affected with terrorist operations). Hence, the research aims are mainly represented in identifying the terrorism territories in Iraq, stating terrorism impacts and how to confront it from a geographic prospective. The study significance lies in being the first of kind in Iraq as a scientific thesis in the field of geopolitics - and may in the Arab Homeland - especially when the followed method in analyzing the phenomenon is the system approach which is one of the very modern methods in the geographic use, opening the door wide in front of the researchers, students, professors and specialists to many types of studies about terrorism phenomenon. Within that light, the thesis was divided into five chapters including thirteen sections. The first chapter was a theoretical framework of the study, while the second chapter was dedicated to define the concept of terrorism, its causes and goals, whereas the third chapter was specified to analyze the patterns of (distributing) terrorist operations. As to the fourth chapter, it addressed the factors affecting the circulation of terrorist operations in Iraq, then the fifth chapter dealt with the strategies followed to confront this phenomenon. The study arrived at a pool of conclusions, the most important of which were the non reaching to a collective preventive internationally accepted concept of terrorism, the terrorist operations increase with the increase of population intensity and diversity in the governorates, and Baghdad governorate had the biggest share of the overall terrorist operations. The thesis recommended the necessity of the geographers' participation in the process of analyzing the maps and data related to terrorism, the necessity to construct an efficient neutral security system of army, police and other forces supported by effective economic, political and social systems in a way ensuring the restoration of vitality and coherence to Iraq as being an effective geopolitical unit in the regional and international systems in the field of dealing with terrorism phenomenon
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