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العلاقة بين درجة حرارة المحيط ونسبة الرطوبة وبعض المعاير الفسلجية وانتاج الحليب ومكوناته في الابقار المضربة == Relationship between ambient temperature, relative humidity with some Physiological parameters, milk production and composition in cross cows

Author name: مؤيد عبد الواحد جابرحسن الفياض
Supervisor name: اسعد يحيى عايد
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study was conducted at Animal Farm, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah and Animal Farm of Aked Agriculture Secondary School, Dhi - Gar Province during the period of 1/10/2013 to 1/7/2014. The aim was to study the relationship between temperature and humidity with daily and monthly milk yield. Milk components as fat, protein, lactose and solid not fat also studied. As well as some physiological and blood parameters included in this study. A total of 28 crossed cows of different age and milking season. Cows were fed available feed within each season, while water was available during 24 hours. Results can be summarized as following : 1 - Minimum recorded THI was during January (53.24 unit) and maximum value was 78 unit recorded during June.2 - Parity had significant effect on daily and monthly milk yield. Cows of fourth parity exceeded those during 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, and 6th parity. However, parity had no significant effect on milk fat, protein, lactose and solid not fat.3 - Calf sex had significant effect on daily and monthly milk yield. Male claves caused increase in milk yield. Calf sex had no significant effect on milk fat, protein, lactose and solid not fat.4 - A negative non - significant correlation between minimumormaximum temperature and daily or monthly milk yield. Daily and monthly milk yield were 4.36 and 128.75 kg during March, while they became 3.11 and 91.10 kg during June. However, temperature showed significant positive correlation with lactose (0.100 and 0.144 with minimum and maximum temperature respectively) and non - significant with either milk fat or protein or solid not fat.5 - A negative non - significant correlation existed between THI and either daily or monthly milk yield, as milk yield decreased from 4.13 and 124.16kg (daily and monthly yield respectively) during January (lowest THI value) to 3.11 and 91.1 kg respectively during June (highest THI value). On the other hand, THI correlated significantly and positively with THI (0.158) but non - significant with milk fat, protein and solid not fat, as they shoed highest values during June.6 - There were positive significant correlation between minimum or maximum temperature and THI with both morning and evening pulsing rate (0.251, 0.328, 0.306, 0.568, and 0.571 respectively). However, they had positive non - significant with rectum temperature.7 - Minimum or maximum temperature and THI showed highly significant correlation with PCV% (0.234, 0.153 and 0.213 respectively) and WBC (0.334, 0.310 and 0.374 respectively).8 - Cortisol correlated positively but non - significant with either minimum or maximum temperature or THI. Highest value of cortisol (4.38 ng/ml) was recorded during June of highest THI and temperatures

دور المستخلصات المائية لبعض النباتات في تحولات النتروجين ونمو نبات الذرة الصفراء L. Zea mays في تربة معاملة بالمخلفات العضوية == Role of Some Plant Aqueous Extract on Nitrogen Transformation and Growth of Corn (Zea mays L .) in Soil Treated With Organic Residues

Author name: مؤيد ابراهيم علي
Supervisor name: عبد المهدي صالح حسين الانصاري
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Soil and Water
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Series of incubation and pots experiments were conducted in laboratories and green house of the college of agriculture university of Basrah , to study the role of plants aqueous extracts of Caper seeds, pomegranate peels , date palm fiber and blady grass rhizomes and chemical nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on nitrogen mineralization , nitrification inhibition, ammonia volatilization addition to growth and N,P,K conc. of corn plant grown in soil sandy loam treated with organic residues of poultry manure, cow manure, alfalfa residue and corn cubs.aqueous extracts were prepared at ratio of 1 : 10 ( plant material : water)and added at conc. of 0.25 ml gm - 1 soil to soil treated with 5% organic residue. Above experiments were repeated by addition of 500 mg N kg - 1soil as (NH4)2SO4 . Soils were incubated at 35 °C for 15,30,45,60 and 75 days . After each incubation period set of samples was withdraw and NH4+, NO3¯ were measured then nitrification inhibition was calculated . Ammonia volatilization was measured at 2,7,14,21,28,35,42,49 and 56 days of incubation. Dry weight, N, P and K conc. in plant was measured after 60 days of corn growth.Results of the study showed : 1 - Application of water extracts of caper seeds, date palm fiber and DCD significantly increased NH4+ - N release from organic residues . Highest increased obtained with caper extract .2 - Higher N mineralization (NH4+, NO3¯ ) was associated with poultry manure as compared with other organic sources.3 - Application of N fertilizer significantly increased of organic N release (NH4+, NO3¯ ) and decreased nitrification inhibition for all treatments.4 - Increasing incubation time significantly increased NO3¯ amount release, but decreased NH4+ amount release and nitrification inhibition .

تاثير الرش ببعض مضادات الاجهاد البيئي في بعض الصفات الفسيولوجية والتشريحية والانتاجية لنخيل التمر Phoenix dactylifera L. صنف الحلاوي == Effect of Spraying Some Environmental Stress Compounds on Some Physiological and Anatomical and Productivity Characters of Phoenix dactylifera L. CV. Hillawi

Author name: منتهى عبد الزهرة عاتي سدخان
Supervisor name: عل حسين محمد الطه
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study was conducted in a private orchard at Abu El - Khasseb District, Basrah Governorate during the growing seasons of 2014 and 2015 to investigate the effect of foliar spray of some environmental stress compounds of Fegeamino and Drin at concentrations of (2 and 4 ) ml.L - 1 and Ascorbic Acid at concentrations (500 and 1000)mg.L - 1 on some biochemical , anatomical characters and yield components of date palm cv. Hillawi during the ripening stage of Khalal , Rutab and Tamir. Results showed that Ascorbic Acid treatment at 500 mg.L - 1 recorded significant increases in fruit and flesh and seed fresh weight of the first season, fruit length and diameter of both seasons , moisture content of the first season , dry matter percentage of the second season , potassium to sodium ratio and thickness of inner mesocarp ,whereas Ascorbic Acid treatment at 1000 mg.L - 1 had significant increases in fruit total acidity of the second season , total chlorophyll and carotene pigments concentration of leaf ,proline concentration of leaf , peroxidase activity of leaf , exocarp and outer mesocarp thickness of fruit , bunch weight and total yield of tree at Tamir stage . Results showed also that Drin treatment at 2 ml.L - 1 recorded significant increases in vitamin C concentration of leaf, phosphorus and potassium concentration of leaf , peroxidase activity of fruit , tannin layer thickness, and fruit ripening percentage at Tamir stage , whereas Drin treatment at 4 ml.L - 1 had significant increases in fruit dry matter percentage of the first season , total soluble solids of the second season, free amino acids at Rutab stage , soluble protein of fruit at Khalal stage , total carbohydrates of leaf , nitrogen concentration , ,total chlorophyll concentration of fruit, catalase activity of leaf and fruit, and number of cells in mm2 of inner mesocarp. Fegeameno treatment at 2 ml.l - 1 gave significant increasesin fruit and flesh fresh weight of the second season , fresh weight ,gibberllins concentration, carotene pigment concentration of fruit , cell length and width ,whereas Fegeamino treatment at 4 ml.L - 1 had significant increases in seed weight of the second season , auxins , abscic acid concentration and vitamin C of fruit . Control treatment had significant increases in fruit moisture content of the second season , total soluble solids and total acidity of the first season, soluble protein of leaf and potassium to sodium ratio of leaf . Once and twice and trice sprays of trees with environmental stress compounds gave significant increases in most of the studied characters .Results of the most influencail bio - combination treatments were Fegeamino at 2ml.L - 1 with once spray which gave significant increases in fruit and flesh and seed fresh weight of the second season, fruit length of the first season and cell length ,whereas Fegeamino treatment at 2ml.L - 1 and twice spray gave significant increases in fruit ripening percentage , fruit soluble protine ,leaf potassium to sodium ratio, vitamin C of fruit and cell width , and Fegeamino treatment at 2ml.L - 1 and trice spray had significant increases in fruit dry matter percentage of the first season, carotene pigment concentration, gibbirellins concentration , exocarp thickness and number of cell in mm2 of inner mesocarp.Drin treatment at 4 ml.L - 1 and trice spray increased significantly fruit total acidity, free amino acids , fruit total chlorophyll and carotene pigment concentration and, catalase activity . Ascorbic Acid treatment at 500 mg.L - 1 with twice spray increased significantly fruit and flesh fresh weight of the first season, fruit length and diameter of the second season , and leaf soluble protein , whereas Ascorbic Acid treatment at 1000 mg.L - 1 and trice spray increasedsignificantly bunch weight , total yield, peroxidase activity of leaf and fruit, and catalase activity of leaf. Control treatment of bio - combination gave significant increases in fruit moisture content of the second season and total soluble solids of fruit .Results of protein pattern showed the occurrence of deferential gene expression in which a number of bands appeared on the gel were differed in numbers and location depending on type of treatments .

تقييم بعضالاضافات في تقليل اثر الاجهاد الحراري في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية لفروج اللحم == Evaluation of Some Additive To Reduce The Effect of Heat Stress in Some Productive and Physiological Traits of Broiler Chicken

Author name: مغارب محمد جادر حيمد العيداني
Supervisor name: رياض كاظم موسى
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Zoology - Education
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This experiment was carried out at the Poultry Field of Animal Resource Department , College of Agriculture , University of Basra from May 1st to Jun, 2014. The objective of this study was to evaluate many treatments and a methods to decrease the effect of heat stress on the productive performance and some blood physiological characteristics of broiler. A total of 216 un sexed chicks of Ross breed one day old were used in this experiment. Chicks were randomly distributed into six treatments (three replicates of 12 birds in replicates) for each treatment. The treatments were as follows : 1. First treatment (T1) : The control group without any supplement.2. Second treatment (T2) : Supplement 1.5 ml of prebiotic per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding.3. Third treatment (T3) : Supplement 500 mg of Vitamin C per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding .4. Fourth treatment (T4) : Supplement 200 mg of Vitamin E per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding .5. Fifth treatment (T5) : Supplement 600 mg of potassium chloride (KCl) per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding .6. Sixth treatment (T6) : Fasting for 24 hours and follow up with ad labium feeding .The results can be summarized as follows;1. There was a significant effect of treatments on heat - stress reducing the effect of on some productive and physiological traits of broiler (P<0.05) compared to the control group in most traits.2. There was a significant increase in body weight, weekly weight gain ,feed intake and feed conversion ratio as vitamin C was silted compared with other treatments.3. There was a significant decrease in weekly water intake of vitamin C group and vitamin E group in comparison with other treatment.4. Highest values of productive index were obtained by the treatment of prebiotic in drinking water as compared to other treatments group.5. Treatment of vitamin C in drinking water showed the highest values in vit. carcass weights, dressing percentage, heart and liver weights. Whereas, it showed less value of fabrisha gland percentage weight in comparison with other treatments.6. There was no significant effect of treatments using to decrease heat stress on the gizzard percentage weight.7. Treatment of vitamin C add in drinking water showed less body temperature at last three weeks of age in compared with other treatments.8. Treatment of vitamin C add in drinking water showed highest value of RBC, HB, PCV and total protein, whereas it showed less values of white WBC percentage of hetrophile to lymphocyte cells, acid and compared to other treatment cholesterol , uric numbers in comparison with other experimental treatment.9. There was no significant differences in concentrations of serum GOT, GPT. Enzymes in serum treated groups. Whereas, treatment of 24 hours fasting followed up by a libitum feeding till the next day, showed less values of T3 T4 hormone concentration in comparison with other treatments.10. Treatment of vitamin C supplement proceeded in the values of calcium chloride and sodium concentrations in serum plasma, whereas treatment of potassium in drinking water showed highest values of serum potassium concentration compared to other treatments.

استخدام المؤشرات المظهرية والبايوكيمياوية وتقانة التتابعات الداخلية البسيطة ISSR في تقدير التنوع الوراثي لعدد من اصناف نخيل التمر العراقية == Using morphological , Biochemical and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique to assess the genetic diversity of some Iraqi date palm cultivars

Author name: نبا عودة حسابة جبر الغزي
Supervisor name: عقيل هادي عبد الواحد
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Gardening
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Horticulture And Garden Engineering
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

عزل وتشخيص بكتريا Bifidobacterium bifidum ودراسة تاثير نواتجها الايضية في الحفظ الحيوي لبعض منتجات اللحوم == Isolation and Identification of Bifidobacterium bifidum And Study The Effect Of Metabolic Products In Biopreservation Of Some Meat Products

Author name: مصطفى علي كاظم علي الزبيدي
Supervisor name: نوفل عبد الامير حسين الحلفي | خديجة صادق جعفر
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Food
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: In the current study were obtained Bifidobacterium isolates from soucers including (Human milk and feces of children aged 7 - 43 day) using the selective media MRS NLLP and through morphological , microscopical and biochemical tests including catalase test , production of CO2 gas from glucose test , gelatinase test , producation of ammonium from arginin test , nitrate reduction test and carbohydrate fermentation were obtained 8 bacterial isolates belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium Bifidum.then Conducted confirmatory diagnosis for 8 bacterial isolates using Vitek 2 compact system which stressed the ownership of four of them to bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum.Metabolic products (Cell free supernatus )were prepared for local and standard bacterial isolates of bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum and measured effectiveness inhibitory for metabolic products (full bacterial filtrate , bacterial filtrate after removing the effect of hydrogen peroxide, bacterial filtrate after adjusting pH ) Against four types of pathogenic bacteria and bacteria that cause spoilage of food (Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus ,Escherichia coli ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa) The results were as follows : 1 - All metabolic products prepared from local bacterial isolates for Bifidobacterium bifidum bacteria (Three bacterial filtrates) showed significant inhibitory ability against four types of test bacteria. and outperforming to the ability of inhibitory metabolites that prepared from the standard isolation Bb12, gram positive test bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) showed high sensitivity to (Three bacterial filtrates) of the local isolation MB6 in comparing with gram negative test bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.2 - It was noted that the inhibitory diameter of Staphylococcus aureus was The broader to (Three bacterial filtrates) of local isolation MB6 where was (19 , 16, 14) mm respectively Compared to the other local bacterial isolates (MB1, MB3, MB7) superior on the inhibitory diameter of all metabolic products prepared from standard bacterial isolation Bb12 .3 - Metabolic products of local bacterial isolation MB6 showed High inhibitory ability against Bacillus cereus for All filtrates where wasthe inhibitory diameter (17.15, 12.5) mm respectively Compared to the other local bacterial isolates (MB1, MB3, MB7) superior on the inhibitory diameter of all metabolic products prepared from standard bacterial isolation Bb12 .4 - Escherichia coli showed sensitivity to metabolic products of local bacterial isolation MB6 (full bacterial filtrate , bacterial filtrate after removing the effect of hydrogen peroxide, bacterial filtrate after adjusting pH) ) where was the inhibitory diameter (14 , 13 , 11) mm respectively Compared to the other local bacterial isolates (MB1, MB3, MB7) superior on the inhibitory diameter of all metabolic products prepared from standard bacterial isolation Bb12 .5 - Results indicated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most resistant to all filtrates of the local bacterial isolates (MB1, MB3, MB6, MB7) and standard isolation Bb12 compared to other types of test bacteria , all filtrates of local isolation MB6 showed The highest inhibitory diameter where was (13.5, 12, 10.5) mm respectively Compared to the other local bacterial isolates (MB1, MB3, MB7) superior on the inhibitory diameter of all metabolic products prepared from standard bacterial isolation Bb12 .Metabolic product (full bacterial filtrate) for local bacterial isolation MB6 using as a natural preservative against bacterial activity to prolong the storage period to producers of minced meat tablets and Iraqi kebabs for a period of 15 days from the refrigerated storage at a 4 C° using four different concentrations (0.75, 1.5, 2.25 , 3) %, The results were as follows , results of the study showed a significant effect when added metabolic product for Bifidobacterium bifidum bacteria at (0.75, 1.5, 2.25 , 3) % concentrations during storage by cooling on averages of log number of bacteria (total aerobic bacteria , total coliform bacteria , psychotropic bacteria, proteolytic bacteria, lipolytic bacteria) where it was noted that the highest inhibition was at a concentration of 3% for all types of bacteria above respectively for samples of minced meat tablets and Iraqi kebabs. results of the current study, showed a decrease in values of total volatile nitrogen , Peroxide value, acid value with Significant differences as a result of the impact of added metabolic product for Bifidobacterium bifidum bacteria at (0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3) % concentrations during storage by cooling for fifteen days

عزل وتشخيص بكتريا التسمم البرفرنجي من الاغذية في مدينة Clostridium perfringens البصرة ودراسة خواصها وتحديد الجين المسؤول عن تسمم الغذاء == Isolation and identification of Clostridium perfringens from food in Basrah city and study it's characterization and detection of responsible gene of food poisoning

Author name: مصطفى عدنان عیدان
Supervisor name: قيثار رشيد مجيد | صباح مالك حبيب الشطي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Food
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: It was obtained 55 local isolates of Clostridium perfringens out of153 samples taken from different food sources included (meat , chicken ,fish and shrimp and miscellaneous foods).All of the samples were taken from six locally markets in Basrahcity included (Old Basrah , Al - Ashaar market , Al - Assmai market ,Fivemiles market ,Karmat Ali market and Al - Hartha market). Isolation , identification and the studying characteristics tested were carried out after on growing on TSC Agar . All isolates were selected and subjected for studying cultural and morphological in addition to biochemical test were done . All isolates were gave black colonies on the TSC Agar , from all these tests , its indicate that the isolate were belong to Clostridium perfringens. Microscopic examination showed that bacteria were bacilli shape , Gram positive , obligately anaerobic , capsule forming , spores forming , moreover the shapes of spores was oval (subterminal ) internal spores and non - motile .Bacteria were grown on Blood agar medium (5% Sheep blood) , Egg yolk medium , Crossley milk medium , and Reinforced clostridial broth , the results appeared double zone of haemolysis , produced Lecithinase enzyme with clear zone hydrolysis , Clear stormyfermentation , produce hydrogen sulphite (H2S) with black colour for Blood agar , Egg yolk agar , Crossley milk medium and Reinforced clostridial broth , respectively . The isolates bacteria had the ability to reduce nitrate to nitrite , in addition to gelatin liquefaction (liquefaction gelatin after 48 hours) . The isolates bacteria were negative for catalase , oxidase , starch hydrolysis , lipolytic , negative for indole , positive for methyl red , ferment glucose , sucrose , lactose , maltose , galactose and trehalose , however it was non ferment xylose , melibiose , arabinose , salicin, mannitol, and raffinose . Tolerance tests were applied to study the some environmental conditions such as pH (3 - 10) , temperature (8 - 55) C° and NaCl % (0 - 10). Results showed that optimum conditions were (6 - 7) , (37 - 40)C° and (0 - 1) for pH , temperature and NaCl , respectively . The frequently prevalence of these were 48 , 46 , 24 , 23 and 10% for chicken meat , red meat , fish and shrimp , dairy products and miscellaneous foods , respectively . While to the local markets the frequently prevalence were 46 , 44 , 37 , 30 , 32 , 24 % for Karmat Ali , Old Basrah , Hartha , , Five miles ,AL - Ashaar and Al - Assmai , respectively .On the other hand , in this study and the first time new selective medium prepared instead of TSC Agar which used Neomycin antibiotic instead of Cycloserine . The new medium showed good results compared with TSC Agar because it was cheap , efficient , precise in isolation and identification tests and shortly of the isolation time .Susceptibility antibiotics tests toward 30 antibiotics was assayed.The isolates of Closridium perfringens were resistance (100%) for 3 antibiotics Neomycin , Gentamycin , Streptomycin and susceptibility (100%) for 7 antibiotics Cloxacillin , Chloramphenicol , Amoxicillin , Nitrofurontion , Nalidxic acid , Cefotaxime and Vancomycin .The PCR Technique was used to detect the toxins genes that are responsible for food poisoning . The DNA was isolated and identified by using 16S rDNA and cpα toxins .The results showed that the selected isolated contained α toxin thus confirmed this bacteria Clostridium perfringens certainly . The PCR results showed that there were three types in tested isolates . Type A (71.43%) which contain α toxin ,this was responsible of food poisoning . Type B (7.14%) which contain α , β and ε toxins . Type C (21.43%) which contain α and β toxins , however the results of PCR did not show any type for both D (which contain α , ε toxins ) and E (which contain α , i toxins) .

تحضير الجيلاتين من رؤوس وارجل الدجاج وعظام الابل ودراسة تركيبه الكيميائي وخواصه الوظيفية == Preperation Of Gelatin From Chicken Heads And Legs and Camel Bons and Study its Chemical Composition and Functional Properties

Author name: مريم منصور مذكور الحلفي
Supervisor name: منير عبود جاسم الطائي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Food
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study was carried out to produce animal gelatin from the secondary wastes of chicken and camels. The studied gelatin from chicken heads and legs and camel bones. Gelatin was prepared by the chemical method and the chemical composition, yield, functional and sensory characteristics were measured at storage periods of 0, 20, 40 and 60 days under refrigeration at 4 - 8 ºC. The produced gelatin was introduced into the food systems where it was used to prepare beef burger as an alternative for fillers. The results showed that the highest gelatin yield 8.04 % was produced from chicken waste with no significant difference from 4.60 % yield of camel bones.The results of the chemical composition (protein, lipid, ash and moisture) for the crude gelatin indicated that it contain high percentages of protein which differ significantly according to the source, so as for the other components. Lipid percentage have increased notably in chicken gelatin and reached 3.89 % in comparison with 0.82 % in camel gelatin while the latter was featured by high ash content which reach 5.865 % in comparison with 3.48 % in chicken gelatin.The results also demonstrated that the produced gelatin have good functional properties in solubility, viscosity, gelling capacity, water absorption, lipid binding, emulsification and foaming. Water absorption capacity was higher in chicken gelatin in comparison with camel gelatin and reached 0.90 and 0.48 ml / g , respectively. On the other hand, lipid binding ratio increased in camel gelatin to reach 2.21 in comparison with 2.0 ml oil / g gelatin in chicken gelatin. The two gelatin types were featured by high gelling capacity at 1% for all storage periods where the gelling of camel gelatin was faster and stronger.The produced gelatin was characterized by good sensory qualities (color and odor). Chicken gelatin have a creamy color while camel gelatin have a pale creamy color. The two types of gelatin were featured by being odorless. The produced gelatin was used into food systems by preparing burger which have good sensory quality as shown by good score in the sensory evaluation of flavor, juiciness, color, tenderness and general acceptance.Storage period had no significant effect on the properties of the two types of the produced gelatin as for the chemical composition, functional and sensory characteristics. For the chemical composition, the various chemical components were noticed to increase slightly on behalf of moisture reduction. The functional properties did not influenced largely by storage and the produced gelatin preserved good qualities along the storage period.The results of gelatin amino acid analysis demonstrated that it contained 18 amino acids, the highest concentrations were for Aspartic acid and Threonine in chicken and camel gelatin , respectively. The amino acid Leucine was the lowest in both types of the produced gelatin.The results showed a variation in mineral contents for calcium, magnesium, cooper and iron between gelatin types. Calcium concentration was observed to elevate in chicken gelatin to 125 μg / g dry weight, while it reached 87.5 μg / g dry weight in camel gelatin. An elevation in iron concentration was noticed in camel gelatin in comparison with chicken gelatin with concentrations of 20 and 10 μg / g dry weight, respectively while the two gelatin types were devoid from lead and cadmium.

تصميم وتصنيع وتقييم اداء الة حراثة التربة باعماق مختلفة واضافة السماد العضوي واثرها في بعض خصائص التربة وحاصل نبات زهرة الشمس (Helianthus annus L.) == Design, manufacture and evaluate its mechanical performance an implement operating at different plowing depths and adding manure to the soil and studying its effect on some soil properties and yield of sunflower plant (Helianthus annus L.)

Author name: مرتضى عبد العظيم عبد النبي الفارس
Supervisor name: شاكر حنتوش عداي | كوثر عزيز حميد الموسوي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Soil and Water
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: combined agricultural implement was designed and manufactured in agricultural machines and equipment dept., Agriculture College, Basrah University 2015 A.D. the implement plows and disturbs the soil in different depths. The upper soil depth is plowed while the lower depth is disturbed. The implement is laying the manure on the soil surface and then mixed with soil dawn to the lower point of the depth.The implement consists of a frame, two moldboard plows, two subsoilers and three tines for pulverizing the soil and mixing the manure with it. The machine was provided with two - tons tank for manure. The manure is laid on the soil surface and in the furrow bottom which made by the moldboards plow by manure feeding mechanism.The manure broadcasting (feeding) mechanism was evaluated using four rotational speeds (390, 460, 650, and 890) Revs. min - 1, three implement forward speeds 0.20, 0.27, and 0.37 m sec - 1 and two manure feeding opening areas (150 and 300 cm2)( number of opening are three). The results were analyzed using C.R.D. (2 x 3x 4) for three replicates. The highest manure laying amount (94 tons ha - 1) was recorded for highest rotational speeds of feeding mechanism, (840 Rev. min - 1 ) and lowest forward speed (0.20 m sec - 1) and the greatest opening feeding area (300 cm2).The implement performance was evaluated using R.C.B.D. with three replicates,(2 x 3) (MB depth are 2 x subsoil depth are 3). The biological experimental carried out using implement depths of are 40, 50 and 60 cm. The MB depth are M20 = 20 cm and M30 = 30cm and three subsoilers depth S20, S30, S40 with MB depth of 20 cm and S10, S20 and S30 cm with MB depth of 30 cm accordingly, the implement combinations are M20S20, M20S30 and M20S40 and M30S10, M30S20 and M30S30.The draft force requirements, soil disturbed area and pulverization index of the implement were measured while the energy utilization efficiency, the specific energy, the equivalent energy and the pulverization energy efficiency were calculated.The biological experiment were carried out using two manure levels, three implement operating depths, 40, 50, and 60 cm and six soil depth (2 x 6 x 6). The manure levels are zero (OM0) and 45.50 ton ha - 1 (OM1), the implement combinations depths are M20S20, M20S30, M20S40, M30S10, M30S20 and M30S30 and the soil depths (0 - 10)d1, (10 - 20)d2, (20 - 30)d3, (30 - 40)d4, (40 - 50)d5 and (50 - 60)d6 (cm).The soil was plowed and prepared for planting. The chemical fertilizer was added in a single application before planting. The Seeds of Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) were sowing on 15/9/2015. The Seeds were irrigated using drip irrigation method. The amount of irrigation was applied according to the basin of evaporation, the amount added is 100% of evaporated amount from the basin with 20% extra amount as soil leaching requirement. The crop was harvested after 90 days of the sowing date.The results showed the following : 1) The draft force requirement, the disturbed area and the EUE increased as the depth of MB increased from 20 to 30 cm. The highest values recorded for prior’s parameter are 20.45 kN, 0.29 m2 and 14.34 m3 MJ - 1 respectively.2) The highest values for the draft force requirement, disturbed area and EUE were recorded for machine depth 60 cm. The values are 36.17 kN, 0.59 m2 and 16.41m3 respectively.3) The soil pulverization index (Pi) increased while the specific energy (SE), equivalent energy (eq. E) and pulverization efficiency (P E) decreased when the operating depth of MB increased from 20 to 30 cm. (Pi) increase from18.80 to 27.09 mm and (S E) decreased from 47.70 to 32.00MJ m - 3, (eq. E) 87.30 to 69.80 MJ m - 3 and (P E) 54.70 to 45.90% respectively.4) P.I. increased as the implement depth increased its values are 31.56 and 29.58 mm for treatments M20S40 and M30S30 respectively. SE increased also, and its values are 61.00 and 67.70 kJ.m - 3 while eq E values decreased and its values are 23.53 and 20.84 kJ m - 3 and 38.60 and 30.80% for M20S40 and M30S30 respectively.5) After crop harvesting (end of the season) the moisture content increased to 30.02% for the same treatment but without significant difference with other treatments. The soil moisture content increased with soil depth.6) The manure application increased the total soil porosity, infiltration rate, average of infiltration, while the soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance and ECe decreased with manure application.7) The soil bulk density and the soil total porosity decreased after the plowing operation compared with unplowed soil. After the crop harvesting the soil bulk density increased whereas the soil total porosity decreased, M30S30 treatment recorded the lowest soil bulk density and the highest soil total porosity. The bulk density value is 1.17 Mg m - 3 and the soil total porosity is 55.70%. The soil bulk density decreased while the total porosity increased with soil depth.8) The plowing operation increased MWD compared with unplowed soil. M30S30 gave the highest value of MWD at the end of the crop growing season compared with other treatments. The value of MWD is 0.41 mm. MWD decreased with soil depth.9) The accumulation infiltration and the infiltration rate increased at the end of growth season compared with unplowed soil. M30S30 treatment recorded the highest value for both parameters which they are 423.35 mm and 1.09 m min - 1 at the end of measuring period (240 min) respectively.10) The soil penetration resistance for plowed soil decreased compared with unplowed soil. M30S30 recorded the lowest value (1303 kN m - 2) compared with other treatment. The soil penetration resistance increased with soil depth at the end of growing season.11) The soil Ec of the plowed was lower than that for unplowed soil. M30S30 reduced Ec more than the other treatment. Ec of for M30S30 is 6.77 dS m - 1 Ec of the soil increased with depth at the end of the growing season.12) The plant height, the crop biological yield and seed yield increased considerately for plowed soil treated with manure, compared with plowed soil only. M30S30 gave the highest values for plant height, biological yield and seed yield which they are 143.00 cm, 22.00 ton ha - 1 and 4.02 ton ha - 1 respectively.

تاثير بعض المستخلصات والمخلفات النباتية والحيوانية في اصابة نبات اللوبياء Vigna unguiculata بمرض التعفن الفحمي المتسبب عن الفطر Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. == Effect of some extracts and plant residues and animal manure on charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina(Tassi) Goid

Author name: محمود عودة جعفر
Supervisor name: محمد عامر فياض
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Prevention
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Plant Protection
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study was carried out in Plant Protection Department Labs and Fields of Agriculture College, Basrah University during Nov.2013 - 2014 in order to study the effect of leaves extracts of three plant, Conocarpus, Eucalyptus and Cabbege, as well as, the effect of three types of animal manure (cow, sheep and poultry) for reducing charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina on cowpea.Six isolates of M. phaseolina were isolated from different host at different regions in Basrah Governorate. Pathogenicity test showed that cowpea isolate was the most virulent against cowpea seedling were disease incidence and disease severity reached to 55.8 and 41.0 % respectively.Laboratory experiments revealed that the Alcohol extract of eucalyptus, conocarpus, and cabbage were effective in inhibition of the growth of Macrophomina phaseolina . The percentage of inhibition reached to 62.4, 60.5 and 52.7 % for eucalyptus ,cabbage and conocarpus extracts respectively .In addition the concentration of (1%) (for all extracts) was more effective in inhibition of the growth of fungus M. phaseolina compared to the concentration of 0.5%.The percentage of inhibition was 79.57% and 38.27% respectively. The results of electrophoresis experiment for the different isolates of M. phaseolina proteins showed a variation among the 6 isolates from different plant in the number and location of protein bands.In pots experiment also it was found that animal manure for( cow, sheep and poultry) decreased the incidence and disease severity caused by M. phaseolina as disease incidence and severity reached 77.5 and 75% in treatment of animal manure for cow, poultry compared to 25% in pathogen treatment and the animal manure for sheep was the best in depreciate the percent of infection and severity for fungus which it was 38.3% and 13.8% respectively compared to 81.2% and 33.5% for pathogen treatment while the residues of cabbage leaves gives 45.0% and 13.7% respectively.Field experiment about the effect of some plants residues and animal manure on M. phaseolina explained that all plants residues and animal manure except poultry manure may leads to increase the percentage of germination compared to pathogen treatment and up of germination ratio registered in animal manure(sheep) treatment which it was 98% and in plants residues in cabbage 72% and the results showed that the treatment of conocarpus is the best in depreciate the infection which it was 10.1%and 5.5% respectively compared to 48.2%and 34.4% for pathogen treatment and eucalyptus treatment,animal manure (sheep) registered 19.6%,10.9%,19.9% and 12.5% respectively . It was also noticed that animal manure and plant residues increase NPK content in cowpea leaves, as the content of the leaves of the major nutrients NPK registered, the highest ratio from Nitrogen registered in the treatment of concarpus leaves followed by poultry manure and sheep manure which was 46.6 , 39.1, 38.9 gm/Kg - 1 respectively compared to 31.9 gm/Kg - 1 for pathogen treatment,the highest ratio registrered to Phosphorus in conocarpus leaves treatment which was 3.1 gm/Kg - 1 then poultry manure and sheep manure 2.3 gm/Kg - 1 and 2.1 gm/Kg - 1 respectively compared to 1.5 gm/Kg - 1 for pathogen treatment while the highest ratio to Potassium registered in sheep manure which it was 27.9 gm/Kg - 1 then eucalyptus leaves treatment 25.1 gm/Kg - 1 .

تاثير الكبريت والكالسيوم وحامض الستريك في تحسين التحمل الملحي وصفات الثمار النوعية Phoenix dactylifera L. والانتاجية لنخيل التمر صنف الساير == Effect of Sulfur, Calcium and Citric acid to Improve Salt Tolerance and Fruit Quality and Quantity of Date palm( Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv.Sayer

Author name: محمد هادي طعيمة رحمه
Supervisor name: عباس مهدي جاسم
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Gardening
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Horticulture And Garden Engineering
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تاثير مستويات وطرق اضافة سماد اليوريا في امتصاص النتروجين والبوتاسيوم ونمو وحاصل الطماطة Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. == Effect of Levels and Application Methods of Urea on N and K uptake , Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Author name: محمد كاظم حسن الخفاجي
Supervisor name: محمد عبد الله عبد الكريم
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Soil and Water
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted in tomato growing station , AL - Zubair region , Basrah Province during the winter season of 2013 - 2014 to evaluate the effect of levels and methods of nitrogen application on N and K uptake , growth and yield of tomato ( Hybrid wogdan ) grown in plastic house . Urea was applied at levels of 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha - 1 at five doses . Methods of application were : 100% N fertilization to soil , ( Foliar +Soil) fertilization ( 25% of each level was applied as foliar and the remain was applied to soil ), and 100% N as fertigation . Field was plowing and received manure , then with height of 15cm of tomato seedlings were transplanted on 14/10/2013 . Field was under drip irrigation system . Phosphorus and potassium were applied at levels of 43 kg P2O5 ha - 1 and 166 kg K2O ha - 1 to each plot . The normal agricultural treatments of tomato were practiced as usually followed in Al - Zubair region . NH4+ - N in soil ; NO3 - - N in soil ; available K in soil ; N , K , Ca , Mg and Na concentration in leaves were obtained at six stages of tomato growth season . Also N , K , vitamin C , fruit size and TSS in fruits were measured . The dry weight of shoot and total fruits yields were recorded . Fertilizer - use efficiency was calculated . Based on K concentration in lower and upper leaves of K in Plant was studied . The results showed that : 1 - Increasing N level applied increased concentration of NH4+ - N , NO3 - - N in soil , N in leaves and fruits , however , K in leaves increased up to 200 kg N ha - 1 then decreased as N level concentrated to 300 kg ha - 1 . Ca and Na in leaves decreased with increasing N level , while Mg in leaves show no significant affect with N levels . Higher shoot dry weight and fruit yield were obtained with application of 200 kg N ha - 1 .2 - Higher N and K concentrations in leaves , fruits , fruit size , dry weight and fruit yield were obtained with fertigation method compared with (foliar+ soil) and soil methods : with 89.54 ton ha - 1 fruit yield . On the other hand lower values of NH4+ - N and NO3 - - N in soil ; Ca , Mg and Na in leaves ; Vitamin C and TSS were recorded at fertigation method . However , available K in soil not affected with application method .3 - Fertigation method gave the highest value of fertilizer - use efficiency followed by ( foliar+ soil) method then Soil one .4 - Results also revealed that N levels was not affected the translocation of K upward the plant shoot because of high growth and higher uptake of K in Plant , while the effect of application method follows the order : Soil > (Foliar+ Soil) > Fertigati

تاثير استخدام التبن المعامل بالشرش واليوريا بنسب مختلفة في اداء الحملان العزابية الدكزية == Effect of the Using of Different Rates of Straw Treated with Whey and Urea on the Performance of Male Arabi Lambs

Author name: محمد صبيح مجيد مريوش الساعدي
Supervisor name: عماد فلاح حسن الجاسم
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study was conducted at Animal Farm/College of Agriculture/ University of Basra during 20/11/2014 to 18/2/2015. The aim was to clarify the effect of using straw treated with whey and urea at different levels on some productive and physiological traits of male Arabi lambs. A total of 16 male lambs were used aged 6 - 7 months with an average weight of 30.50±1.65 Kg. the lambs were distributed randomly and equally to four treatments. Concentrate diet included barley (55%), wheat straw (43%), vitamin and minerals (1%), urea (0.5%) and salt NaCl, (0.5%). Lambs were fed at 3% of their live body weight with adjustment depending on body weight change through the study period to every treatment (every two weeks). The residual feed was collected every following morning to measure the consumption feed. Ration of each treatment was as follow : 1 - First treatment : 100% concentrate diet.2 - Second treatment : 90% concentrate+10% straw treated with whey and urea.3 - Third treatment : 80% concentrate+20% straw treated with whey and urea.4 - Four treatment : 70% concentrate+30% straw treated with whey and urea.The studied productive traits were live weight, daily and total growth rates, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio, carcass traits (hot carcassweight, dressing%, cuts weight, carcass offal, internal organs weight, abdominal, heart, kidney, pelvic and tail fat weight with physical dissection of rib cut and measurement of meat, bone and fat%). Organoleptic test included color, flavor, tenderness, juiciness and total acceptance. Blood biochemical traits included total protein, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, serum urea and some hormones as growth and thyroxine hormones. Results can be summarized as follow : 1 - There were significant differences in final body weight and daily and total growth rate of lambs of second group, which was fed 10% treated straw with whey and urea in comparison with other groups.2 - Significant improvement in feed conversion ratio of lambs of 2nd group in comparison with other groups as well as there was an increase in feed consumption of lambs of 2nd and 3rd groups.3 - There were significant differences in hot carcass weights of 2nd group in comparison with other groups as well as dressing% of lambs of control and 2nd group in comparison with other groups.4 - Lack of significant differences among treated groups in the cases of cut weights, weight and % of meat, fat and bone of rib cut, external body offal, internal organs and some body fat depots.5 - Significant differences in tail weight of 2nd group and abdominal fat of 2nd and 4th groups in comparison with other groups were observed.6 - There were significant improvement in some organoleptic test as flavor and total acceptance of groups received straw treated with both 10% or 20% whey and urea in comparison with control group.7 - There was a significant increase in total proteın concentration in blood serum of lambs of 2nd and 3rd group in comparison with other groups. There was also a significant difference in serum urea concentration of lambs of 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups in comparison with control group.8 - Neither signifcant differences were found in cholesterol, glucose, triglyerides nor in growth and throxine hormones among studeid groups.

استخلاص وتوصيف الكولاجين من وتر ارجل الجاموس وجلد سمك المزلق ودراسة بعض صفات الكولاجين المتحلل انزيميا == Extraction And Characterization of Collagen From Buffalo Tendon Legs and Fish Oriental Sole Skin and Study of Some Properties of Enzymatically Hydrolysed Collagen

Author name: محمد زيارة اسكندر
Supervisor name: ام البشر حميد جابر الموسوي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Food
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تاثير استخدام الماء الممغنط والتقنين الغذائي الزمني في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية لفروج اللحم == Effect of using Magnetic water and Time of feed restriction on some productive and physiological traits of broiler chickens

Author name: محمد حمد صالح
Supervisor name: رياض كاظم موسى
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة في قاعة الدواجن التابعة الى قسم الثروة الحيوانية / كلية الزراعة / جامعة البصرة للفترة من 9/1/2014 ولغاية 13/2/2014 وذلك لدراسة تاثير استخدام الماء المعالج مغناطيسيواالتقنين الغذائي الزمني في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية لفروج اللحم . استخدم 216 فرخا غير مجنس من فروج اللحم سلالة ROSS وزعت الافراخ عشوائيا الى ستة معاملات وبواقع ثلاثة مكررات لكل معاملة (12) طير لكل مكرر. تصميم التجربة تجربة عامليه شملت عاملين الاول (نوع الماء) والثاني (التقنين الغذائي) وبتصميم عشوائي تام وكانت المعاملات كما يلي : - 1 - معاملة الاولى : تغذية حرة + ماء شرب عادي (معاملة سيطرة) .2 - المعاملة الثانية : تغذية حرة + ماء معالج مغناطيسيا .3 - المعاملة الثالثة : قطع العلف من الساعة 9صباحا الى الساعة 5 مساءا (8 ساعات) + ماء شرب عادي .4 - المعاملة الرابعة : قطع العلف من الساعة 9صباحا الى الساعة 5 مساءا (8 ساعات) + ماء معالج مغناطيسيا .5 - المعاملة الخامسة : تقديم العلف ليوميين متتاليين وقطع العلف ليوم واحد + ماء شرب عادي .6 - المعاملة السادسة : تقديم العلف ليوميين متتاليين وقطع العلف ليوم واحد + ماء معالج مغناطيسيا .واشارت النتائج الى مايلي : - 1 - تفوق معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط معنويا (p<0.05) في معدل وزن الجسم الحي , الزيادة الوزنية الاسبوعية , كمية العلف المستهلكة , كفاءة التحويل الغذائي , كمية الماء المستهلكة والدليل الانتاجي مع حصول انخفاض معنوي في نسبة الهلاكات مقارنة بمعاملة ماء الشرب العادي.2 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) في معدلات وزن الجسم الحي , الزيادة الوزنية الاسبوعية , كمية العلف المستهلكة , كمية الماء المستهلكة ونسبة الهلاكات مع حصول تحسن معنوي في معدل كفاءة التحويل الغذائي والدليل الانتاجي في معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) .3 - تفوق معنوي (p<0.05)معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط في نسبة التصافي , الاوزان النسبية لقطعية الصدر , الكبد , القلب , مع وجود انخفاض معنوي في الوزن النسبي لدهن البطن مقارنة بمعاملة استخدام ماء الشرب العادي , بينما لم يظهر تاثير معنوي لنوعية الماء على الاوزان النسبية لقطعية الفخذ , غدة فابريشا , القانصة وطول الامعاء .4 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) في نسبة التصافي , الاوزان النسبية لقطعية الصدر , الفخذ , الكبد , القلب , القانصة ودهن البطن , بينما ظهر ارتفاع معنوي لوزن النسبي لغدة فابريشيا في معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) .5 - تفوق معنوي (p<0.05) معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط في عدد خلايا الدم الحمر , كريات الدم البيض , تركيز الهيموكلوبين وحجم الخلايا المرصوصة , بينما ظهر انخفاض معنوي في نسبة الخلايا المتغايرة الى الخلايا اللمفاوية مقارنة بمعاملة استخدام الشرب العادي.6 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) في عدد خلايا الدم الحمر , تركيز الهيموكلوبين وحجم الخلايا المرصوصة , عدد كريات الدم البيض ونسبة الخلايا المتغايرة الى الخلايا اللمفاوية معنويا في معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) .7 - تفوق معنوي (p<0.05) معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط في تركيز الكلوكوز , البروتين الكلي , الالبومين , الكلوبيولين والبروتينات الدهنية العالية الكثافة , بينما ظهر انخفاض معنوي في تركيز الكولسترول, اليوريك , البروتينات الدهنية المنخفضة الكثافة وتركيز انزيمي GPT , GOT مقارنة بمعاملة استخدام الماء العادي , ولم يظهر تاثير معنوي لنوعية الماء المستخدم على تركيز الكلسيريدات الثلاثية في مصل الدم . 8 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) لمعاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني معنويا في تركيز الكلوكوز , البروتين الكلي , الالبومين , الكلوبيولين , والبروتينات الدهنية العالية الكثافة , تركيز انزيم GPT , الكلسيريدات الثلاثية في مصل الدم مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) وارتفاع معنوي لتركيز الكولسترول لمعاملة التقنين الغذائي مقارنة بمعاملة التقنين الغذائي , بينما لم يكن هناك فروق معنوية بين معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني ومعاملة السيطرة في تركيز اليوريا , انزيم GOT والبروتينات الدهنية الواطئة الكثافة في مصل الدم .9 - وجود تاثير معنوي (P<0.05) للتداخل بين نوعية الماء المستخدم وفترة التقنين الغذائي الزمني في معظم الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية للفروج قيد الدراسة . | This study was conducted at poultry house, Animal Resources Department, College of Agriculture University of from Basrah, with period from 09/01/2014 to 13/02/2014. The aim of study was to investigate the effect of using Magnetically treaded water and Time of feed restriction on broiler chicks performance and some blood physiological traits.Atotal of (216) unsexed chicks of Ross strain aged one day, ware used in the study. The chicks were randomly distributed into (6) treatments with three Contain (12) chicks. Factorial experiment design experience included the first two factors (water type) and the second (food rationing) random design Tam. The treatment were : 1. T1 : Continuous feeding + Tap water.2. T2 : Continuous feeding + magnetically treated water.3. T3 : feed withdrawal [ on feed from 9 : 00 AM to 5 : 00 PM (8 hours)] + Tap water.4. T4 : Feed withdrawal [ no feeding from 9 : 00 AM to 5 : 00 PM (8 hours)] + Magnetically treated water.5. T5 : Continuous feed two days and withdrawal one day + Tap water.6. T6 : Continuous feed two days and withdrawal one day + magnetically treated water.The results of study indicated that : 1. Treatment of use magnetically treatment water Significantly rise (P > 0.05) mortality in the live body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, water consumption, production index and Significantly decrease (P > 0.05) mortality compared with using Tap water.2. significant decrease (P > 0.05) mortality in live body weight, weight gain, feed intake, water consumption, mortality and significant rise in feed conversion, production index . In two method of restriction compared with continuous feed treatment.3. Significantly rise (P > 0.05) mortality in dressing percentage, relative weight of breast heart, liver, while Significantly decrease (P > 0.05) in relative weight of abdominal fat compared with Tap water treatment, while there are no Significant effect due to quality of water in relative weights of leg bursa gland gizzard and length of small intestine.4 - Significantly decrease (P <0.05) mortality in dressing percentage , relative weight of breast , Leg , liver , heart , gizzard , Abdominal , fat , while Significantly increase on relative weight of bursa gland on two restriction treatment compared with continuous feed (control).5 - Significantly rise (P <0.05) mortality on RBC ,WBC , Hb , pcv% while Significantly decrease in H/L ratio compared with tap water treatment.6 - Significantly decrease (P <0.05) mortality in RBC, Hb, PCV, H/L ratio on two restriction feed treatments with continuous feeding treatment while no Significantly effect due restriction period on WBC. 7 - Significantly rise (P <0.05) mortality on use magnetically treated water treat mean in glucose , Total protein , albumin , globulin , HDL while Significantly decrease in cholesterol , urea , LDL , GPT, GOT , con centration in blood serum compared with use tap water theretor no Significantly effect due to triglyceride quality of water in blood of serum.8 - Significantly decrease in (P <0.05) mortality glucose , Total protein , albumin , globulin , HDL , GPT and cholesterol on blood of serum restriction feed treat meant compared with control (continuous feed) , while no Significantly effect due to restriction feed period in , uric , LDL and GOT con centration in blood serum .9 - Significantly interaction (P<0.05) between water quality and feed restriction period in productive per for mance and physiology under study.

دراسة بعض الجوانب الحياتية لاسماك السمنان الطويل Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 في الجزء الجنوبي لنهر الفرات، العراق == Some Biological Aspects of the Bleak, Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 in the southern reaches of Euphrates River, Iraq

Author name: ليلى عبود عوفي
Supervisor name: عبد الرزاق محمود محمد | باسم محمد جاسم
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Zoology - Fish And Marine Wealth
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Fish And Marine Wealth
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: جمعت 2307 سمكة من اسماك السمنان الطويل Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 من نهر الفرات في منطقة الجبايش جنوب العراق للفترة من تشرين الثاني 2013 لغاية تشرين الاول 2014 باستعمال الصيد بالكهرباء. شكلت افراد النوع نسبة كلية قدرها 48.3% من الصيد الكلي. تراوحت الاطوال الكلية للاسماك بين 3.7 - 18.4سم. سادت مجموعة الطول (9.0 - 9.9) سم مجتمع الاسماك بنسبة 19.72%. تمثلت علاقة الطول (سم) والوزن الكلي (غم) لكل من الصغار والاناث والذكور بالمعادلات التالية : الصغار W = 0.003 L3.087 , r2 = 0.776 , n = 89 الاناث n =256 , r2 = 0.841 , W = 0.002 L3.193 الذكور n = 147 , r2 = 0.778 , W = 0.004 L3.027 كان نمو صغار النوع وذكوره متناظرا بينما كان نمو الاناث غير متناظر. تراوح معامل الحالة النسبي للصغار بين 0.71 في حزيران و1.44 في شباط وبمعدل 1.05 وللاناث بين 0.78 في اب و1.4 في كانون الثاني وبمعدل 1.06 وللذكور بين 0.70 في اب و1.24 في كانون الثاني وبمعدل 0.99. اشارت دراسة الحراشف الى وجود اربع مجاميع عمرية وكانت السيادة لمجموعة العمر 2. وصفت العلاقة بين الطول الكلي (L) ونصف قطر الحرشفة (S) بالمعادلة التالية L =2.549 + 4.825 S بلغت اطوال الاسماك عند الاعمار الاربعة الاولى من حياتها (8.15 و11.33 و13.55 و16.0سم) على التوالي، وبلغت كفاءة النمو لاسماك النوع 2.16، كما امكن وصف نمو اسماك السمنان الطويل بالنموذج التالي : Lt = 20.4(1 - e - 0.35(t+0.277) ) سجلت ادنى قيمة لنشاط التغذية 60.53% في شباط واعلاها 87.76% في ايلول، كما كانت اوطا قيمة لشدة التغذية 6.08 نقطة/سمكة في كانون الاول واعلاها 8.7 نقطة/سمكة في تموز. اظهرت نتائج فحص الغذاء ان اسماك السمنان الطويل تتغذى بشكل رئيس على الحشرات بنسبة 41.2% ثم الطحالب (28.7%) تليها القشريات (15.9%) والدايتومات (12.36%) والنباتات المائية (3.74%) والاسماك (3.36%) ثم النواعم (0.3%) وهي من الاسماك القارتة وتميل للغذاء الحيواني. حديد اول نضج جنسي لاناث اسماك السمنان الطويل وذكورها عند طول 8 سم وبعمر سنة واحدة لكل منهما. وكانت نسبة الجنس 1 : 1.7 لصالح الاناث تراوحت قيم دالة المناسل للاناث والذكور بين 0.8 و0.6 على التوالي في حزيران و14.01 و5.8 في كانون الثاني على التوالي. وضحت المقاطع النسيجية للمناسل الذكرية والانثوية انﱠ فترة وضع السرء كانت خلال شباط وانﱠ افراد النوع تطرح بيضها للتكاثر على مراحل ويبدا نضج البيض من الجزء الخلفي من المبيض قبل الجزء الامامي، كذلك تظهر اثار طرح البيض في الجزء الاوسط للمبيض من الفراغات الملاحظة بوسط مقطع المبيض. اظهر الفحص المجهري للمقاطع النسيجية للمناسل الذكرية انﱠ كيس الخصى يحتوي على مراحل متفاوتة من النضج في النماذج المختلفة من الذكور في شباط، كما تتضح الاوعية الدموية خلال نسيج الفصيصات ولوحظ نسبة قليلة من الخلايا بمرحلة الخلايا النطفية spermatocytes في الجزء الخلفي من المناسل، وانﱠ الجزء الامامي من المنسل اقل نضجا حيث لم تظهر مرحلة الخلايا النطفية spermatocyte. امتازت اسماك السمنان الطويل بخصوبة منخفضة اذ تراوحت بين 1119 بيضة لسمكة طولها 10.4سم و5022 بيضة لسمكة طولها 14.2 سم، وكانت العلاقة بين الطول الكلي (L) والخصوبة (F) متمثلة بالمعادلة التالية : F = 0.148L3.939 , r2 = 0.605. | A total of 2307 individuals of Alburnus mossulensis were collected from the south part of Euphrate River, Chybaish, Iraq from November 2013 to October 2014 using electrofishig. The species constituted 48.3% of the total catch. Fish group size 9.0 - 9.9 cm was dominated in the samples (19.7%).The length - weight relationships of A. mossulensis for immature, female and male were : W = 0.003 L3.087 , W = 0.002 L3.193 , W = 0.004 L3.027respectively, revealing an isometric growth for immature and males, and allometric growth for females. The relative condition factor ranged from 0.71 in June to 1.44 in February with total average of 1.05 for immature, and from 0.78 in August to 1.40 in January with total average of 1.06 for females, and from 0.7 in August to 1.24 in January with total average of 0.99 for males. Four age groups were recorded and the most abundant age group was the second. The relation between total length (L) and scale radius (S) was : L =2.549 + 4.825 S. The lengths of fish during the first four years were 8.15, 11.33, 13.55 and 16.0 cm respectively. The growth performance index of A. mossulensis was computed as 2.16. The growth was described by von Bertalanffy equation as Lt = 20.4(1 - e - 0.35(t+0.277)).Feeding activity values ranged from60.53 % in February to87.7 % in September. The minimum value of feeding intensity was 6.08 points/ fish in December and the maximum value was 8.7 points/ fish in July. Insects comprised 41.2% of the total food items of A. mossulensis followed by algae 28.7%, crustacean 15.9%, diatoms 12.36%, aquatic plants 3.74%, fish 3.36% and Mollusca 0.3%. Fish was found omnivores, tends to animal food more than plant food. The mean value of Lm50 was estimated to be 8.0cm, corresponding to one years old for both sexes. The overall sex ratio was (1 : 1.7 male : female). Gonadosomatic index for females ranged from 0.8 and 0.6 in June for females and males respectively to 14.01 and 5.8 in January for both sexes respectively. The spawning period started in February according to GSI values and histological examination for gonads during spawning season. The results of histological examinations revealed that this species has a short spawning season and female ovaries contained different maturing stages of ova, and the maturation started from the post part of gonads according to the space noticed at the middle part of the ovary. Histological examination proved that testes also contain different maturation stages. Blood vessel penetrate lobules with few spermatocytes at the posterior part of the testes whereas the anterior part less mature with disappearing of spermatocytes. Absolute fecundity for A. mossulensis ranged from1119 eggs for fish of 10.4 Cm length to 5022 egg for female of 14.2 Cm length.The relation between the total length (L) and fecundity represented by the following equation : F = 0.148L3.939 , r2 = 0.605

تاثير موعد الزراعة وكثافتها وحامض السالسليك وتداخلاتها في نمو نبات الكزبرة Coriandrum sativum L. وحاصله من الثمار وفعاليته التثبيطية لبعض الاحياء الدقيقة == Effect of Sowing date, plant density and Salicylic acid in Growth plant coriander Coriandrum sativum (L.) and their yield from fruit and inhibitory activities of some microorganism

Author name: ليلى تركي فضالة البدري
Supervisor name: سميرة عبد الكريم مطرود | ماجد عبد الحميد ابراهيم
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Gardening
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Horticulture And Garden Engineering
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study was conducted during the growing season of 2015/2016 in the Medical and Aromatic Plants Unit Field, Collage of Agricultural, Basrah University, to study the effect of sowing date, plant density and salicylic acid in growth and yield of Coraiandrum sativum (L and its inhibitory activities of some microorganismThe study Includes 12 factorial treatments, which were the combinations of two sowing dates 1/10 or 1/11, two plant densities 25 plant m - 2 or 50 plant m - 2 and spraying with salicylic acid in concentration of 0 ,7.5 or 15 mg.l - 1. A Complete Randomized Block Design in a factorial experiment was used with three replicates. Treatment means were compared according to the Least Significant Differences Test (L.S.D) in level 0.05 was used to compared with Genstat programs. The most important results may be summarized as follows : - 1. Effect of sowing dates : Plants sown on 1/10 gave significantly increases in plant height, leaf number. Plant - 1, number of main lateral branches.plant - 1, dry weights of shoot system.plant - 1, length and dry weight of root system date to the appearance of the first inflorescence, the total number of inflorescences. plant - 1, total number of mini inflorescences plant - 1.total, the productivity of fruit. hectare - 1 (8.96 ton),oil yield.plant - 1 (0.893g), productivity of oil.hectare - 1 (330 kg), refractive index of volatile oil, leaves content of total soluble carbohydrates, leaves content of vitamin C and fruit content of total soluble carbohydrates. Whereas plants sown on 1\11 had a significant effect in total of mini inflorescences, and total protein percentage in fruit.2. Effect of plant densitycultivated plant at 25 plant.m - 2 had a significantly effect in leaf number.Plant - 1, number of main lateral branches.plant - 1 , dry weights of shootSummaryBsystem.plant - 1, length and dry weight of root system , , total number of mini inflorescences.plant - 1, leaves content of total soluble carbohydrates, fruit content of total soluble carbohydrates. cultivated plant at 50 plant.m - 2 had a significant effect in plant height, the productivity of fruit hectare - 1 (8.56 ton), productivity of oil .hectare - 1 (320 kg).3. Effect of salicylic acidPlant sprayed with SA at 15 mg.l - 1 had a significant effect in number of main lateral branches, dry weights of shoot system.plant - 1, dry weight of root, the total number of inflorescences.plant - 1, total number of mini inflorescences plant - 1. weight of 1000 fruit, , refractive index of volatile oil, oil density, leaves content of total soluble carbohydrates, fruit content of total soluble carbohydrates, total protein percentage in fruit. Whereas Plant sprayed with SA at 7.5 mg.l - 1 had a significant effect in leaf number.Plant - 1, length of root system, and the productivity of fruit.hectare - 1 (8.83ton).4. Effect of the interactionsThe Interactions between the study factors, showed a significant effect in most studied parameters.5. Effectiveness of alcoholic extracts and oil of the plant coriander against the two types of pathogenic bacteria to humanThe activities of methanolic and ethanolic extracts and oil of fruit were tested against some types of bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at three concentrations100, 200, or 400 mg.l. - 1 by using filter paper disc diffusion method. Each of ethanolic extract and oil of the fruits inhibition in concentrations 400 mg.l - 1, were effected growth of bacteria E. coli. They reached the diameter of inhibition 12 mm. Ethanolic extracts of the fruits at concentration of 400 mg.l - 1 gave the highest inhibition of growth of bacteria staph. aureus amount 12mm and E. coli the diameter of inhibition 10 mm.SummaryC6. Effectiveness of alcoholic exteracts and oil of the plant coriander against two pathogenic fungi to humanThe activities of methanolic and ethanolic extracts and oil of fruit were tested against types two fungi Aspergillus niger and Candida albican at three concentrations 100, 200,or 400 mg.l - 1. Was mathanolic extract of the fruits at concentration of 400 mg.l - 1 gave the highest inhibition of growth of A. nigerand C. albican amount 12mm and showed oil fruit and ethanolic extracts at concentration cultivated of 400 mg.l - 1 the highest inhibition against A. nigerand C. albican amount 10mm.

تاثير التعقيم مصدر الجزء النباتي ومنظمات النمو في اكثار نبات الكاردينيا المتقزم Gardenia jasminoides Ellis صنف Radicans خرج الجسم الحي واقلمتة == Effect of Sterilization, The Source of Explants and growth regulators on propagation of dwraf Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. cv. Radicans In vitro and Acclimatization

Author name: لمياء حسين موسى عايش المازني
Supervisor name: هدى عبد الكريم عبد الودود الطه
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Gardening
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This work was conducted in Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Agriculture Collage, Basrah University, Basrah Governorate, Iraq during the period 23/ October/ 2013 to 15/ March/ 2015. The aims of this study can be summarized to : (a) set up a protocol for establishment of sterilization techniques and effect the source of explants in micropropagation of dwarf gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.) cultivar 'Radicans', (b) study the effect of different growth regulators auxins and cytokinins on multiplication and rooting of regenerants , and (c) set up a procedure for plantlet acclimatization .Results can be summarized as follow : 1. Contamination is first obstacle facing the micropropagation for dwarf gardenia. In order to overcome this problem, a sterilization procedure was developed as a base line to determine the relative effectiveness of various disinfectants which is described in this study. Observations indicate that only 26.60% healthy clean cultures was obtained when 40% of sodium hypochlorite solution used singly. But, when explants disinfected first with 40% sodium hypochlorite followed by treating with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 10 minute the percentage rate of aseptic cultures increased to 56.60%. Therefore, the successful protocol was adopted in this study.2. (a) Results revealed that High response to tissue culture , shoot numbers , length, leaf width and leaf numbers (100%, 1.30 shoots/explant, 8.4 - 1.55 cm and 2.66 leaves/explant respectively) were obtained when the shoot tips and nodal explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L BA+ 0.2mg/L NAA+ 0.2mg/L GA3 each. While, maximumsuccessful response of nodal explant to tissue culture 80% and 100% was observed in MS medium enriched with BA 3 and 4 mg/L BA. However, granular callus was formed on the lower part of the nodes, but after a time this callus turned brown and hyperhydric (vitrified).(b) Maximum successful response of shoot tips in vitro 100% was noticed in MS medium enriched with different concentrations of TDZ 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg/L in the presence of NAA and GA3 0.2mg/L each, but the high rate of shoot number 1.8 and length 1.18 cm obtained on MS medium containing 1 mg/L TDZ. Where, the rate value of leaf width and numbers were increased only on MS medium fortified with low concentrations of TDZ 0.5 and 1mg/L. On the contrary, nodal explants cultured on same medium failed to responding, except the ones cultured on MS medium containing 1mg/L TDZ , showed moderate rate value of average growth responding66. 06%.3. (a) Results also revealed that the culture of shoot tips on medium supplemented with a combination of 3 mg/L BA, 0.2 mg/L NAA and 2 mg/L GA3 gave the highest value of average shoots number, leave number, and leaf width (2.50 shoots/explant, 6 leaves/plant and 1.7cm respectively). But, at this formula shoots became hyperhydic and leaves fall down. Whereas, highest shoot length 1.75 cm was recorded on MS medium enriched with 1 mg/L BA.(b) Highest shoot and leaf numbers and leaf width recorded on MS medium containing 1 mg/L TDZ in the presence of NAA and GA3 0.2mg/L each 4.33 shoots/explant, 6.00 leaves/ explant and 1.30 cm respectively. Whereas, highest shoot length 1.50 cm recorded on MS medium fortified with 0.5 mg/L TDZ. However, small amount of white brownish callus raised around the nodes grown on medium containing 0.5 mg/L TDZ, whilebig amount of the same callus was recognized around the nodes grown on MS medium containing 1.5 mg/L TDZ.4. (a) The present study has revealed that abundant primary callus formation (100%) could be achieved only from young leaf segments (basal and middle segments) within 10.3 and 15.3 days in MS medium containing 3 mg/L 2,4 - D and 0.2 mg/L BA, and under dark conditions.1) Transferring the primary callus to MS medium enriched with 3mg/L 2,4 - D for 8 weeks under light conditions led to induce somatic embryos, that can be identified by their nodular consistency and green color.2) While, shifting the primary callus to MS medium enriched with 3 or 5mg/L BA + 0.2mg/L 2,4 - D led to converting the primary callus to compact callus, and at the end of incubation period, small adventitious shoots was generating.(b) Results also showed that white brownish granular callus initiated under dark conditions on the base of the leaf petioles (basal segment) explants grown on MS medium containing 5 mg/L BA+0.2mg/L NAA, then the callus increased to covered whole explant during the end of incubation period. However, adventitious shoots was generated from primary callus when shifted to MS medium fortify with 1 or 2 mg/L BA. Results also revealed that the middle segment of the leaf explants failed to form callus on MS medium containing different concentrations of BA used in this study.(c) It was observed that in vitro shoots segments 1.5 cm length produced 100% callus on 1/2 MS medium enriched with 8 mg/L NAA within 8 - 9 days of inoculation. However, transferring this callus to full strength of MS medium supplemented with 1 or 2 mg/L BA led to generating small green adventitious shoots.5. (a)Maximum root formation rate 100% with high number of roots 7.33/plantlet, root length 7.33cm and number of secondary roots (8.00/ main root), were obtained within a short period 13.33 days Also, it was found that the length of shoots and number of leaves were increased to 12 cm and 11.33 leaves/plantlet, respectively.(b) On ½MS medium containing different concentrations of NAA 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/L in the presence of 0.2mg/L BA, adventitious roots formed with rate 100%. These roots emerged indirectly from the edge of shoots with callus induction phase and developed into white thick and wide roots which grew and branched inside medium. However, maximum value of morphological traits for root was obtained when the shoots grown on MS medium containing 8 mg/L NAA in the presence of 0.2mg/L BA, while the less period of root formation was recorded when the NAA concentration decreased to 2mg/L.6. Two procedures of acclimatization have been attempted to obtain full healthy plantlets ex vitro. Results showed that the soaking of rooted plants for 10 - 14 days in pure water, nearly 60% of plantlets were survived. Whereas, treated the plantlet with 2% PEG 6000 before transplanting to soil increased the survival rate to 100%, Also this concentration of PEG was decreased the precentage of wather loss from leaves of gardenia plants through the acclimatization stage 12.8%.

تاثير احلال نسب مختلفة من مجروش نوى التمر محل الشعير مع او بدون اضافة خميرة الخبز (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) في اداء الحملان العرابية الذكرية == Effect of replacing different ratios of crushed Date Stone instead of barley with or without addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on performance of Arabi Male Lambs

Author name: كريم حمادي مهنى ابو سلوى
Supervisor name: محارب عبد الحميد طاهر | عـماد فلاح الجاسم
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study was conducted in the Animal Farm of the College of Agriculture - University of Basrah. A total of 28 Arabi male lambs were used, with average age of 5 months and mean body weight of 21.74 ± 1.33 Kg. Lambs were distributed equally and randomly into 7 nutrition rations in two experiments. First experiment was a growth experiment which lasted for 90 days. The second was digestion field experiment and lasted for 13 days after the end of the first experiment. The experimental rations were as follows : Ration - 1 - (control) - fed on concentrate ration only by 3% of body weight. Ration - 2 - fed on 90% of the control ration and 10% of ground date stones substituted for the barley.Ration - 3 - lambs fed on the ration 2 with addition of 3 grams of bakery yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) / Kg of feed. Ration - 4 - fed on 80% of the control ration with substitution of 20% of date stones for barley.Ration - 5 - lambs fed on the ration 4 with addition of 3 grams of bakery yeast per Kg of feed.Ration - 6 - fed on 70% of the control ration and 30% of date stones.Ration - 7 - lambs fed on the ration 6 with addition of 3 grams of bakery yeast per Kg of feed.Results were as follows : 1 - Mean final body weight (34.00 Kg) except Control ration, total gain weight (12.75 Kg) except the control and 2 rations and daily gain weight (141.67 g/ day) of lambs in ration 3 were significantly higher than animals in other rations.2 - Animals of ration 3 recorded the highest feed consumption arithmetically (0.829 Kg/ day/ lamb) and the best feed conversion ratio arithmetically too (5.85 Kg dry matter/ Kg body weight gain).3 - Substitution of date stones with addition of bakery yeast affected digestion coefficients of feed nutrients. Ration 3 was superior in digestion coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and nitrogen free extract to other rations. These values were 70.64, 72.11 and 80.64 %.4 - Results showed significant differences between means of pH of rumen fluid and total bacterial count which Significant decreases in each of 6 and 7 rations than other rations while in the counts of cellulolytic digestion bacteria, ration 3 were significantly than animals in other rations but not differ significantly from that of the ration 5 while it was similar with control ration. 5 - No significant differences between rations were noticed in means of red blood corpuscles, white blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, cholesterol concentration, glucose concentration and concentration of the enzymes GPT and GOT. While differences between means of blood urea concentration and total protein of blood were significant.6 - Mean empty body weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage on the basis of live weight and empty body weight of lambs in ration 3 28.02 Kg, 16.18 Kg, 47.59% and 57.74% respectively were significantly higher than that of animals in other rations except control ration in hot carcass weight.7 - The highest weights of rib cut (rib 7 - 12), leg cut and loin cut were for animals in ration 3 (1.61, 5.00 and 2.40 Kg respectively) than other rations but in the loin cut, the ration 3 was similar to the control ration 2.16 Kg.8 - For body measurements, the highest leg circumference were recorded for animals in rations 2 and 3 (35.00 and 36.50 cm respectively) than other rations but these rations were similar to the control ration. While the highest rib eye muscle area was for carcasses of animals in ration 3 (14.41 cm2) but this value did not differ significantly from that of the control animals (13.45 cm2).9 - In the case of some carcass muscle weights, the muscle Supraspinatus weight were higher in the animals of the ration 3 (176.67 g) but it was similar to control ration (164.25 g). Weight of the muscle Biceps femoris was higher in the carcasses of animals in ration 3 (625.75 g).10 - Carcasses of animals in ration 3 recorded the highest dissected lean meat 931.70 g and fat 280.55 g in rib cut, but no significant differences were registered for dissected bone weight among the different rations. Also weights of the internal organs of the animals namely : liver, heart, kidneys, lungs, spleen and the testicles for animals in ration 3 were higher than that of other rations.11 - Mean weights of separated fat of carcasses were higher for animals of the 2 and 3 rations (1.93 and 1.95 Kg respectively) in comparison with animals of other rations but these rations were similar to the control ration 2.08 Kg.12 - Substitution of date stones in percentages of 10% and 20%, with the addition of bakery yeast caused significant improvement in organoleptic characteristics (color, tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability). Evaluation of samples of rations 3 and 5 were superior to that of other rations.13 - Rations 3 and 5 gave the best results for water holding capacity in meat. No significant differences were obtained in cholesterol concentration and pH of meat.Results showed that the lowest values of cooking loss were in ration 3 (43.30 %).No significant differences were observed in chemical composition of theLongissimus dorsi muscle (moisture, protein, fat and ash) between rations.

مقارنة بعض الصفات الوعية والكيميائية ونمط الترحيل الكهربائي لبروتينات البياض لبيض الاوز المحلي العراقي الابيض والرمادي

Author name: كرار سلام عبيد الزبيدي
Supervisor name: ماجد حسن الاسدي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This Study Was Undertaken To Compare Some of Qualitative and Chemical Characteristics and the Electrophoresis of eggs of white and grey Iraqi geese. Birds were bred at private farm( Babel province) For the Period from 1st oct.2016 to 2nd Feb. 2017. A total of 40 females geese aged 2 years (at their second eggs production season) (20 birds white color and 20 birds gray color) were used. Eggs were collected daily from each group. Birds were kept in closed barns with swimming pool in side. The aim of this study was to estimate some qualities and chemical traits of eggs from different group(White and Gray Geese ). Fatty and amino acids were also estimated Electrophoresis of egg white portions was also compared the results revealed the following : 1 - There was a significant increase in means of egg Weight, yolk and egg white of white geese (143.40 , 52.94 and 62.89m respectively) the grey geese egg shell weight was height than that of white geese.2 - There were significant differences in egg shape index and in Haugh unit of grey geese (68.27 and 100.90 respectively) in comparison with those of white geese.3 - Grey geeses eggs showed higher (p≤0.05) moisture percentage (69.10%). However, Yolk white geese egg showed higher protein and fat percentages (16.96, 35.64) % respectively in comparison with those of grey geese eggs (14.19, 32.97) % respectively.4 - pH of eggs white of white geese (9.12) was significantly higher than that of grey geese, whereas, Yolk showed higher cholesterol level (4.42 mg/gm).5 - Unsaturated fatty acids percentage (mono and poly bonds) of egg yolk were high in both group geese (66.11 and 63.78)% whereas, saturated fatty acids percentages of white and grey geese were 32.94 and 32.22% respectively.6 - Egg white of grey geese revealed significantly(p≤0.05) higher percentage of Arginine and alanine of both white and yolk (26.98 and 17.18% respectively). There were no significant differences in amino acids percentages of egg yolk of both groups.7 - There was genetic Poly morphism in albumin and transferrin of White and grey geese eggs proteins. As well as, there was genetic variation in the two proteins of Iraqi geese.

تاثير التسميد الورقي في نمو وحاصل هجينين من الطماطة Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. المزروعة في البيوت البلاستيكية == EFFECT OF FOLIAR FERTILIZATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOW TOMATO HYBRIDS Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. GROWN IN PLASTIC HOUSES

Author name: كاظم سالم لعيبي خليل الحمراني
Supervisor name: عبد الله عبد العزيز عبد الله | عواطف نعمة جري
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Gardening
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Horticulture And Garden Engineering
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: An experiment was conducted out during the season of 2014 - 2015 in unheated plastic house conditions belonging to the Maymunah Horticulture Station / Agriculture Directorate of Maysan to investigate the effect of foliar water - soluble fertilizers (Kinglife NPK 12 - 48 - 8+micro and Kally28 NPK 9 - 0 - 6 + Ca, Mg, B) on the growth, flowering and yield of tomato of hybrids ("Wogdan" and "Noura"). The study included eighteen treatments which were the combination of three factors. The first factor was two hybrids tomato "Wogdan" and "Noura" . The second factor was three levels of Kinglife (0, 2, 3 g.l. - 1) .The third factor was three levels of Kally28 (0, 2, 3 ml.l. - 1). A split - split plot design was used with three replicates. Treatment means were compared using least significant difference L.S.D. test at a probability of 0.05. Results may be summarized as follows : 1.Vegetative growth parameters "Noura" hybrid had the highest leaf area per plant and dry weight of shoot system compared to "Wogdan" hybrid after 90 and 150 days from transplanting. Foliar spraying with both fertilizers at both concentrations caused a significant increase in plant height, stem diameter ,leaf number and leaf area per plant after 90 and 150 days from transplanting, and fresh and dry weight of the shoot system after 150 days from transplanting compared with control treatment. The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most vegetative growth characteristics. 2. Leaf chemical characteristics "Wogdan" hybrid showed significantly higher in the concentration total carotenoid and percentage of phosphorus in leaves compared with "Noura" hybrid.Foliar spraying with both fertilizers at both concentrations caused a significant increase in percentage of nitrogen and the total chlorophyll concentration, whereas Kinglife at 3 g.l. - 1 caused a significant increase in total soluble carbohydrates concentration in leaves comparison with the control. Foliar spraying with Kally28 at both concentrations caused a significant increase in total soluble carbohydrates concentration, whereas Kally28 at 2 ml.l. - 1 caused a significant increase in percentage of potassium and carotene concentration in leaves comparison with the control . The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most characteristics. 3. Flowering characteristics "Wogdan" hybrid had the highest number of inflorescences compared to "Noura" hybrid, whereas "Noura" hybrid had the lowest the flower abortion as compared with "Wogdan " hybrid. Foliar spraying with both fertilizers at both concentrations caused significantly increase in the number of inflorescences, the number of flowers per inflorescences and decreased in flower abortion, as compared with the control. The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most characteristics. 4. Yield and its components "Wogdan" hybrid had the highest number of fruit per plant compared to "Noura" hybrid, whereas "Noura" hybrid had the highest the weight of fruit as compared with "Wogdan" hybrid. Both foliar fertilizers at both concentrations caused a significant increase the yield and its components compared with control unfertilized. The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most characteristics. Foliar spraying of "Wogdan" hybrid with Kinglife at 3 g.l. - 1 and Kally28 at 2 ml.l. - 1 gave the highest values of early yield and total yield per plastic house (4.277 and 10.697) Kg.m - 2, Sequentially,whereas "Noura" unfertilized gave the lowest (2.161 and 5.411) Kg.m - 2, Sequentially. 5. Fruit quality characteristics "Wogdan" hybrid caused significant increases in total soluble solids and concentration of vitamin C compared to "Noura" hybrid, whereas "Noura" hybrid caused significant increases in percentage of dry matter as compared with "Wogdan" hybrid. Both foliar fertilizers at both concentrations caused a significant increase fruit quality characteristics (vitamin C concentration, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and percentage of dry matter) compared with control unfertilized. The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most characteristics.

تاثير اضافة بعض الاحماض الامينية وعصير البنجر الى المخففات في بعض صفات السائل المنوي المبرد والمجمد للكباش == Effect of adding some amino acid and Beet juice to the dilutors on some cooling and freezing rams semen traits

Author name: فلاح عبد المحسن عبد الله الاسدي
Supervisor name: عماد فلاح حسن | عبد الرزاق نعيم خضير
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study was conducted at the agricultural experimental Research Station / College of Agriculture / University of Basrah form 3rd /1/2015 to 3rd /1/2016. A total of 12 mature rams (4 Najdi , 4 Arabi and 4 crosses) aged 3 - 3.5 years with nearly similar weights . Nutrition depended on concentrate ration ( 47 % wheat bran , 50 % barely ,1% urea , 1% CaCo3 and 1% Nacl ) , with 16.58 % crude protein and TDN 72.17% and was given 0.5kg /animal twice aday (at morning and afternoon)500 - 750 g / animal green fodder with wheat straw was given as it was available in the farm , cubic mineral and water provided freely at the day. Rams were training for semen collection for 30 days before the beginning of the study by using artificial vagina used for sheep. Semen was collected three time each month. The study includes two experiments : First experiment : It was designed to study the effect of breed , season ( spring , summer , autumn and winter ) and month on semen characteristics physical , sexual hormones ( testosterone , ICSH and SSH) of blood serum and level of enzymes ( AST , ALT and ALP ) of blood plasma.Second experiment : It included ten diluters from local materials (Beet pulp juice ) with 5 , 10 and 15% egg yolk and amino acids ( Glycin and cysteine ) with concentration of (5, 10 and 15) mmol. It also included the effect of type of dilutor , cooling , freezing storage period ( one and two months) in liquid nitrogen ( - 1960 C) on individual motility and live sperm percent .bThe results can be summarized as follow : 1 - Arabi rams exceeded (P<0.05) Najdi and crosses rams in their semen pH , spring also showed higher (P<0.05)pH followed by winter in comparison with summer and autumn .May showed higher (P<0.05) semen pH in comparison with other months.2 - Najdi rams exceeded (P<0.05)Arabi and their crosses in mean ejaculate volume, mass and individual sperm motility , sperm concentration , live sperm percent and mean testes circumference .3 - Summer and autumn showed higher (P<0.05) in meanejaculate volume , mass and individual sperm motility , sperm concentration , live sperm percent and mean scrotal circumference than winter and spring . Spring also showed higher (P<0.05) dead sperm percent followed by winter in comparison with summer and autumn .4 - August showed higher (P<0.05) ejaculate volume and mass and individual sperm motility followed July and June in comparison with other months. September , August and October exceeded (P<0.05)in comparison with other months sperm percent . October showed higher (P<0.05) in live sperm percent in comparison with other months . Highest (P<0.05) dead sperm percent happened during March followed by April and May . Scrotal circumference was high (P<0.05) during September followed by November and October.5 - Najdi and Arabi rams showed significant (P<0.05)differences in testosterone and ICSH hormones in comparison with their crosses . However , crosses exceeded (P<0.05)Arabi and Najdi rams in mean of SSH hormone. Autumn followed by summer exceeded (P<0.05) wintercand spring in testosterone , ICSH and SSH hormones. September and October showed higher (P<0.05)testosterone, ICSH and SSH hormones in comparison with other months.6 - Arabi rams exceed (P<0.05) both Najdi and their cross by enzymes concentration ( AST, ALT and ALP) of semen plasma . Spring and winter exceeded (P<0.05) summer and autumn by mean of ALT and AST enzymes. However , summer and winter exceeded (P<0.05) autumn and spring by mean of ALP concentration . March showed highest (P<0.05)AST and ALT concentration , while August showed highest (P<0.05) ALP concentration.7 - Amino acid diluter ( 15 mmol glysin and cysteine ) and 10 % beet pulp juice showed highest (P<0.05) individual motility after cooling and freezing for month and two monthsduring all months of year. While the beet pulp juice 15% and control showed the lowest means (P<0.05) of individual motility after cooling and two months of freezing.8 - Glysin 10 and 15 mmol , cysteine 10 mmol and beet juice 10% showed significant (P<0.05) increase in live sperm percent after and cooling and freezing . On other hand beet pulp juice 15% and control recorded the least value (P<0.05) . Beet pulp juice and control showed the highest (P<0.05) level of dead sperm percent after cooling and freezing in contrary with glysin 10 mmol and cysteine 15 mmol

دراسة تشخيصية وبيئية لبعض انواع عائلة الخنافس المائية الغواصة (Insecta : Coleoptera) Family : Dytiscidae وامكانية استخدامها في المقاومة الحيوية في محافظة البصرة == Identification and Ecological study to some Species of water submarine beetles family (Insecta : Coleoptera) Family : Dytiscidae and ability to Use it in Biological Control in Basra Province

Author name: فرج عبد الحي علك
Supervisor name: علاء صبيح جبار | اياد عبد الوهاب عبد القادر
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Prevention
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: A diagnostic and environmental study of some species of Order : Coleoptera belongs to Fammily : Dytiscidae . The important parts drawn and described for classifying species and put taxonomic key. The impact of environmental conditions in study area showed the presence and spread of species and their role as a larvae predators and pupae on adults mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus and also compete with each other during the study of predation relationship and the statement of the phenomenon of self - predation (Cannabalism) in the same species .The study revealed there is five species belonging to the family of water submarine beetles ( Fam : Dytiscidae) as showed below. 1. Colymbetes piceus (Klug, 1834) Subfamily : Colymbetinae2. Cybister tripunctatus (Oliv., 1785( Subfamily : Cybistrinae3. Hydaticus ponticus (Sharp, 1882) Subfamily : Dytiscinae 4. Hydrovatus clypealis (Sharp, 1876) Subfamily : Hydroporinae 5. Laccophilus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) Subfamily : LaccophilinaeSpecies C. piceus the body average length 16 - 18 mm and head is black with brown base ,the front dorsal plate brownblack and yellow from both sides but C. tripunctatus that its length is larger than 24 - 29 mm and a sleek sheath does not contain sexual engraving, but H. ponticus body length of 10 - 15 mm, head umber is brown to yellowish and the front back plate is yellow which has provided black strap at the base. The species H. clypealis that its length is larger than 2 - 3 mm , that the body convex oval broad, wrist consists of four pieces in the first and second pair of legs, but L. minutus that its length is larger than 4.1 - 5.7 mm , characterized that a front base (Pronotum) zigzagging back, sheath has a reticular lines..The study of annual presence to family Dytiscidae is started between November 2015 until the end of October 2016. Results showed that theBhighest rate of the species was in the H. ponticus reaching 5.78 insect / month, and the lowest rate 0.13 insect / type of species C. tripunctatus . Alemdaina station recorded the highest rate of the presence of the species, reaching 3.25 insect / month whereas Qurna Station was lowest rate reaching 1.87 insect / month. The results showed that the highest rate of the presence of the species during the months was in the November at a rate of 4.41 insect / month, while the least insect rate was 0.96 / month for the month of July.The study included the impact of certain environmental conditions and the presence of which degrees air temperature, water, dissolved oxygen, pH and water salinity in the five main stations in the districts of the Basrah province which are Qurna , Almdaina , Shatt al - Arab , Abo - Alkaseeb and the city center of Basrah province.The study recorded the highest temperature of air and water for the month of July was 43.23 º C and 32.58 º C, respectively, while the lowest was 17.07 ºC and 18.80 º C, respectively, for the month of January. The results showed a higher rate of oxygen dissolved in the Shatt al - Arab and amounted to 5.50 mg / l while the lowest rate was in the center of the Basrah province and reached 5.25 mg / l. The study indicated that pH values were close to all stations and characterized a light alkali where rates between 7.44 - 8.16 in all the stations as well it was observed that the highest salinity rates were in Abu - Alkaseeb station reached 7.01 ds m - 1 while less than the rate of 5.04 ds m - 1 for the station of Almdaina.The study found the results of the most important linear relationships and correlation treatments between the population density of the species and attributes measured the highest correlation coefficients were between the presence of species through the expense of numerical density are full with water temperatures and salinity during the months of the year, amountingCto - 0.84 and - 0.79 respectively, while the influence of dissolved oxygen and pH was less than it before as they relate reached coefficient as 0.67 and 0.55 respectively.The results of the biocontrol on the larvae and pupae mosquitoes is superior kind Cybister tripunctatus on the rest of the studied species was predation rate on larvae 35.22 larvae / day and the pupae 29.78 pupae / day, while the lowest rate was 1.56 larvae / day and 1.33 pupae / day for the type Hydrovatus clypealis.Predation experiments between species recorded outweigh species Cybister tripunctatus The highest predation rate on the species Hydrovatus clypealis reached 3 insect / day on the second day, while the lowest rate of predation was the species Colymbetes piceus reaching 0.55 insect / day on the third day, while Cannibalism experiments It scored higher predation rate for members of a species Laccophilus minutus reached 0.72 insect / day, while not recorded any case of a self - devouring type Cybister tripunctatus.

تاثير مستويات من N وP وK في نمو وحاصل اصناف من محصول الحنطة (Triticum aestivum L.) == The effect of levels from N , P and K in the growth and yield cultivars of wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

Author name: فالح حسن فالح
Supervisor name: وليد عبد الرضا جبيل السباهي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Field Crops
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: نفذت التجربة في حقل احد المزارعين في منطقة الشنانة التابعة لقضاء القرنة ( 65 كم شمال البصرة ) خلال الموسم الشتوي 2013 / 2014 في تربة ذات نسجة مزيجية طينية , بهدف دراسة استجابة خمسة اصناف من الحنطة (. Triticum aestivum L ) ( بحوث158 واباء 99 وبحوث 22 وابو غريب 3 وفتح ) لاربعة مستويات منN وP وK ( صفر) و( 60 كغم N + 13.8 كغم P + 25 كغم K هـˉ١ ) و( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم K هـˉ١) و(180 كغم N + 41.4 كغم P + 75 كغم K هـˉ١ ), اشتملت التجربة على 20 معاملة ناتجة من التوافيق بين اصناف الحنطة ومستويات السماد , ونفذت باسلوب القطع المنشقة وفقا لتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة وبثلاثة مكررات , احتلت مستويات السماد الالواح الرئيسية بينما احتلت اصناف الحنطة الالواح الثانوية. وقد اظهرت نتائج الدراسة ان الاصناف الخمسة اختلفت معنويا فيما بينها بالصفات المدروسة اذ تفوق الصنف بحوث 158 في متوسط عدد ايام من 50% تسنبل وحتى النضج ( 53.75 يوما ) ومساحة ورقة العلم ( 48.87 ســم2 ) ووزن 1000 حبة ( 40.32 غــم ) والحاصل الحيوي ( 21.39 طن هــˉ١ ) , في حين تفوق الصنف اباء99 في طول السنبلة ( 12.56 ســم ) وعدد الحبوب في السنبلة (85.08 حبة سنبلةˉ١) , اما الصنف بحوث 22 فقد تفوق فـــــــــــــــي صفات حاصـــــــــــل الحبوب ( 7.91 طن هــˉ١ ) ودليل الحصاد ( 41.10 % ) وحاصل البروتين ( 902.09 كغم هــˉ١), وقد سجل الصنف ابو غريب3 تفوقا في ارتفاع النبات ( 90,62 سـم ) وعدد الاشطاءالكلي م2( 958.10 ) وعدد السنابل م2 (859.08 ) وكفاءة التسنبل (88.41% ) , وقد اعطى الصنف فتح اعلى عدد ايام من الزراعة وحتى 50 % تسنبل (111.59 يوما ) وتفوق في نسبة البروتين ( 12.13 % ) . واشارت النتائج الى تفوق المستوى السمادي F₃( 180 كغم N + 41.4 كغم P + 75 كغم K هـˉ١ ) اعلى متوسط في عدد الايام من الزراعة وحتى 50% تسنبل ( 104.07 يوما ) وفي عدد الايام من 50% وحتى النضج (48.27 يوما ) وتفوقه معنويا في صفات ارتفاع النبات (89.98 ســم ) ومساحة ورقة العلم ( 46.50 ســم2 ) وطول السنبلة ( 12.36 ســم ) وعدد الحبوب فــي السنبلة ( 76.78 حبة سنبلة ˉ١ ) . اما المستوى السمادي F₂ ( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم اK هـˉ١) فقد تـــــفوق معنويا فـــــــــــي صفات عـــــدد الاشطاء الكلي ( 828.00 شطا ) وحاصــل الحبوب ( 7.69 طن هــˉ١) والحاصل الحيوي ( 20.97 طن هــˉ١) ونسبة البروتين ( 11.78 % ) والذي لم يختلف عن المستوى السمادي F₁ فــــي هذه الصفة معنويا (11.72% ) وحاصل البروتين ( 906.22 كغم هــˉ١ ) . وسجل المستوى F₁ ( 60 كغم N + 13.8 كغم P + 25 كغم K هـˉ١ ) تفوقا معنويا في صفة عدد السنابل مˉ2( 709.80 سنبلة مˉ2 ) واعطى نسبة البروتين وبدون فارق معنوي عن المستوى السمادي F₂ وبنسبة ( 11.72 % ) . ومن النتائج ظهر عدم وجود فروقات معنوية لاستخدام مستويات السماد NPK في صفات كفاءة التسنبل ووزن 1000 حبة ودليل الحصاد . اثر التداخل بين الاصناف ومستويات NPK في كل الصفات ما عدا صفة وزن 1000 حبة . وبينت نتائج الدراسة ان الصنف بحوث 22 × F₂ ( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم K هـˉ١ ) اعطى اعلى المعدلات لحاصل الحبوب (8.55 طن هــˉ١ ) وحاصـــــــــــــل البروتين ( 1012.32 كغم هــ ˉ١ ) والذي لم يختلف معنويا عن التداخل بين الصنف فتح × F₂ والذي اعطى حاصل بروتين بلغ 994.80 كغم هــˉ١ . اما الصنف فتح × F₂ فاعطى اعلى نسبة بروتين من بين كل التداخلات بنسبة بلغت 12.97 % . وجد ارتباط معنوي موجب بين حاصل الحبوب وكل من ارتفاع النبات ومساحة ورقة العلم وعدد الاشطاء الكلي وطول السنبلة ودليل الحصاد وحاصل البروتين ووجد ارتباط معنوي سالب بين حاصل الحبوب وكفاءة التسنبل . وان افضل مردود اقتصادي جاء من استخدام مستوى السماد F₂ ( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم K هـˉ١ )حيث اعطى ناتجا حديا مقداره (7.76 ) دينار لكل ( 1 ) دينار للانتاج باستخدام السماد NPK المدعوم تحت ظروف شمال البصرة .اما بالنسبة الى تداخل الاصناف والسماد فحققت المعامــــــــلة بحوث22× F₂( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم K ) هـˉ١ وقد اعطت اعلى ناتجا حديا بلغ ( 14.70 ) دينار لكل (1) دينار مستثمر من استخدام السماد NPK المدعوم حكوميا. | A study was conducted at AL - shinana that belong to AL - Qurna about ( 65) Km north Basrha during winter season of 2013 - 2014 in silty loam soil to study the response of five wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) ( Bhooth - 158 , IPA - 99 , Bhooth - 22, Abu - Graib - 3 and Fateh ) for the four levels of N, P and K zero, (60 kg N + 13.8 kg P + 25 kg K hˉ1) , (120 kg N + 27.6 kg P +50 kg K hˉ1) and (180 kg N + 41.4 kg P + 75 kg K hˉ1) . The experiment included 20 treatment came from the combination between wheat cultivars and fertilizer levels . Split - plot design was used in rendomized block design with three replicates , the level of fertilizer were the main plots , where as wheat cultivars were the Sub - plots . Resulte showed the five cultivars are different in it's characteristics as the Bhooth - 158 was superior in number of days to 50% of spiking to maturation (53.75 days ) , flag leaf area ( 48.87 cm2 ), weight of 1000 seeds ( 40.32 gm ) , biological yield ( 21.39 ton .hˉ¹ ) . IPA - 99 was superior in spike length ( 12.56 cm ) , number of seeds per spike( 985.08 ) . Bhooth - 22 was superior in characteristics of seed yield ( 7.91 ton.hˉ¹ ) , harvesting index ( 41.10 % ) and protein yield ( 902.09 Kg hˉ ¹) . Abu - Graib cultivar was superior in plant height (90.62 cm ) ,number of tillers .mˉ 2 (958.10) ,number of spikes .mˉ 2(859.08) and spiking efficiency (89.75% 0 . Fateh cultivar gave the highest number of days from planting to 50% spiking ( 111.59 days) and protein content ( 12.13% ) . Results showed a variance among fertilizer level where F₃ level (180 Kg N + 41.4 Kg P + 75 Kg K hˉ ¹) caused highest number of days from planting to 50% spiking (104.07 days) , number of days from 50% to maturation ( 48.27 ) , plant height (89.98 cm ) flag leaf area (46.50 cm2 ) , spike length ( 12.36 cm ) number of seeds per spike ( 76.78 seed . spike ˉ ¹) . The F₂ level ( 120 kg N + 27.6 Kg P + 50 Kg K hˉ ¹) was superior in number of tillers (828.00 ) , seed yield ( 7.69 ton .hˉ ¹), biological yield ( 20.97 ton .hˉ ¹) , protein (11.78% ) and protein yield (0.906 ton .hˉ ¹) . The F₁ level ( 60Kg N + 13.8 Kg P + 25Kg K hˉ ¹) was superior in number of spikes per. m2 spike .m(609.80 spike .mˉ 2 ) and protein percent(11.72% ) which not significantly different from level F₂ . There were no significant effect of fertilizer levels on spiking efficiency , weight of 1000 seeds and harvesting index . There were an interaction between cultivars and fertilizer level in all characteristics except the weight of 1000 seeds . Bhooth 22 × F₂ level ( 120 kg N + 27.6 Kg P + 50 Kg K hˉ ¹) produced highest seed yields ( 8.55 ton . hˉ¹ ) and protein yield ( 1.01 ton .hˉ¹ ) which was not significantly different from the interaction between Fateh cultivar and 400 kg .hˉ¹ fertilizer which produced protein ( 0.993 ton .hˉ¹ ) . Fateh cultivar fertilized by 400 kg. hˉ¹ NPK produced highest protein percent which was 12.97 % . There was a positive correlation among seed yield and plant height , flag leaf area , number of tillers , spike length , harvesting index and protein yield . A negative correlation was found between seed yield and spiking efficiency . The best economical profit came from the use of F₂ level ( 120 kg N + 27.6 Kg P + 50 Kg K hˉ ¹) which produce ( 7.76) Iraqi dinar for each one dinar used for fertilizer used in north Basrah . The interaction between Bhooth 22 cultivar and level F₂ produce highest product ( 14.70 ) dinars to each one dinar invested in the use of NPK fertilizer that supported by government

دراسة التنوع الوراثي للجاموس العراقي باستخدام تقنيتي RAPD وSTR == Study of Genetic Diversity of Iraqi Buffalo by RAPD and STR

Author name: فالح حسن حمد
Supervisor name: اسعد يحيى عايد | طالب احمد جايد
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The current study was conducted in the laboratory of Dr. TalibAhmed Jaayide Molecular Genetics / Faculty of Agriculture /University of Basrah. After collecting blood samples from the Iraqibuffalo in the provinces of Basrah (30 samples), Dhi Qar, Maysanand Najaf (25 samples each), bringing the total samples to 105samples. The study aimed to study the genetic diversity of the Iraqibuffalo through the use of tow techniques, first technique was, thePCR - RAPD technique and the second microsatellite technique(PCR - STR). After extracting the DNA samples, seven primers ofPCR - RAPD technique were used, included C01, C04, C06, C07,C09, C11 and C12. Primers of PCR - STR technique wereILSTS005, ILSTS029 and ILSTS072. After analyzing the results ofthe three technologies it can be summarized as follows : 1 - All primers of PCR - RAPD showed genetic polymorphisms,with the presence of many bands except the primer C11which was notamplified in all samples.2 - The size of primer C07 was 1969 bp, which was the biggestprimer size, however, the smallest primer size was C01(1606 bp).3 - Number of bands showed by PCR - RAPD primers were 28,42, 56, 53, 57 and 64 bands of C01, C04, C06, C07, C09,C12 primers respectively.4 - Primer C09 revealed the highest number of polymorphicbands in Basra and Dhi - Qar provinces (47 and 46 bandsrespectively). However, the primer C12 gave highest numberof polymorphic bands in Maysan (47 bands). The primer C01showed lowest number of polymorphic bands in all studiedprovinces (14 bands in Basra and Dhi - Qar provinces, 12bands in Maysan and 13 bands in Najaf province.5 - Shared bands between Basra and Dhi - Qar, Basra andMaysan, Basra and Najaf, Dhi - Qar and Maysan, Dhi - Qar andNajaf and Maysan and Najaf were 177, 151, 162, 146 and152 bands respectively. The high number of shared bandsreflected high genetic similarly among provinces.6 - Maysan province showed highest special bands of primerC07 (8 bands) followed by Dhi - Qar province (5 bands) whichis considered as fingerprint for these provinces even they showed very low frequencies.7 - Primer C04 revealed lowest genetic diversity measured by Shannon index in all studied areas (28.82 - 35.58%), however, all other primers showed higher genetic diversity (47.57 - 55.70%).8 - Similarity among provinces was higher than 70% to 95% for all PCR - RAPD primers, which indicates that all subpopulations of buffalo belong to one breed.9 - Primers C07 and C12 highlighted highest percent of mean gene diversity to population diversity (GST) with a value of 22.69 and 21.46 respectively.10 - All STR markers (ILSTS005, ILSTS029 and ILSTS072) have been amplified in all buffalo samples of all studied areas. Observed allele numbers were 20, 22 and 21 alleles for markers respectively with a total of 63 alleles. The marker ILSTS005 gave highest number of observed alleles in Dhi - Qar (21), Najaf (20) and Maysan (17). Whereas, the marker ILSTS029 showed less number of observed alleles at Maysan province (9 alleles). 11 - Allele frequencies ranged from 0.02 to 0.32 for all markers and provinces.12 - Shared alleles between Basra andDhi - Qar, Basra and Maysan, Basra and Najaf, Dhi - Qar and Maysan, Dhi - Qar andNajaf, Maysan and Najaf were 25, 27, 30, 22, 33 and 33alleles.13 - Special allele mean frequency of studied population was 0.048. While gene flow after adjusted for sample size of each province was 2.25 alleles. Range of missing allele frequency for all studied areas was 0.000 - 0.099.14 - Range of heterozygosity percent was 80 - 100%, whereas homozygosity% was 0 - 20%.15 - All Fis values of studied markers in all provinces were significant except the marker STR072 in Dhi - Qar province which was nonsignificant. This result reflected the absence of inbreeding in all areas and there was no significant deficiency in genetic variation.16 - Linkage disequilibrium test showed that tested markers are not located on one chromosome.17 - The study thus highlights the usefulness of heterologous PCR - RAPD and microsatellite markers to assess the genetic variability in buffalo. Also various diversity indices suggest sufficient genetic variability within Iraqi buffalo that can be utilized as initial guidelines for future breeding strategies and conservation.
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